http://scialert.net Journal of Entomology en-us Science Alert Wed, 22 May 2013 18:11:57 +0200 Wed, 22 May 2013 18:14:14 +0200 RssPublisher 0.2.0 beta http://scialert.net/images/logo.gif http://scialert.net 41 233 Journal of Entomology 1812-5670http://feedburner.google.com Effects of UV-B and Solar Radiation on the Efficacy of Isaria fumosorosea and Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycetes: Hyphomycetes) for Controlling Bagworm, Pteroma pendula (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin and Isaria fumosorosea (Wize) isolated from field collected bagworms, Pteroma pendula (Joannis) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) were formulated with UV protectants and tested for their pathogenicity on their original host. Both fungi were infective to the bagworms. The median effective concentrations (EC₅₀) were 2x10^5.10 and 2x10^5.17 conidia mL^-1 for I. fumosorosea and M. anisopliae, respectively. At concentration of 2x10⁹ conidia mL^-1 of either I. fumosorosea or M. anisopliae recorded the lowest LT₅₀ values at 5.72 and 5.40 days, respectively. Less than 10% of the conidia germinated after 12 h of exposure to UV-B and solar radiation. When the conidia were formulated as a wettable powder in kaolin, with or without Tinopal LPW, a significant sunlight radiation and UV-B protection was achieved up to 12 h of exposure. More than 80% of the conidia germinated. Tinopal LPW, however, did not significantly improve efficacy of the formulation, although recorded a better conidia protection than those without Tinopal LPW. A field trial using M. anisopliae and I. fumosorosea conidia without Tinopal LPW achieved 58 and 68% control, respectively, while Dipel^®, a Bacillus thuringiensis product, exceeded 80% control. Even though both isolates were less effective than Dipel^® but these indigenous pathogens could effectively reduced the pest population to less than 50%. They need to be conserved and/or augmented so that bagworms can be suppressed with minimal disruption to the ecological balance.]]> http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=je.2013.53.65 22 May, 2013 Attraction of Household Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to Various Food Sources in Different Seasons Tapinoma melanocephalum, Solenopsis geminata, Paratrechina longicornis and Monomorium latinode to various food sources in different (summer, rainy and winter) seasons in the urban region of Bengaluru, India. Ten different food sources of carbohydrates, proteins or lipids or in combinations were used in this study. Tapinoma melanocephalum and P. longicornis were more attracted to carbohydrates than other types of food in all the seasons. Solenopsis geminata and M. latinode showed more attraction to proteins and lipids during the summer and lipid-rich food during the rainy and winter seasons. The study indicates that the attraction that these household ants have to various food sources differs from one species to another and also showed slight changes in attraction to food sources in the different seasons of the year.]]> http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=je.2013.66.75 22 May, 2013 Functional Responses of Cheilomenes propingua, C. lunata and C. sulphurea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to Predation on Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Eastern Tanzania Cheilomenes propingua, Cheilomenes lunata and Cheilomenes sulphurea (predators) at different Aphis gossypii (prey) densities (i.e., 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500) were investigated in the laboratory using petri-dishes in ten replicates. Mean number of prey consumed were plotted against the initial density supplied which showed Type II Functional response to all three predators. The result was confirmed by using logistic regression model which showed negative linear parameter. The linear reciprocal transformation of the Holling’s disc equation was used to determine handling time (‘T_h’) and search rate (‘a’). The handling times 0.171, 0.196, 0.240 h for the females C. lunata, C. sulphurea and C. propingua, respectively were obtained of which were generally lower than that of the male coccinellids 0.217, 0.220 and 0.270 h. Female search rates were estimated as 1,258, 1.277 and 1.404 and males 1.312, 1.360, 1.489 for C. lunata, C. sulphurea and C. propingua, respectively. The above results indicate higher predation aggressiveness of females as compared to the males. Handling times for C. lunata and C. sulphurea females and males were lowest when compared to C. propingua suggesting to be more efficient in aphid consumption than C. propingua. It is concluded that the three coccinellid predators have type II Functional response and also C. lunata and C. sulphurea have a greater potential of eating aphids than C. propingua. Field studies are required to explore their potential under natural conditions.]]> http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=je.2013.76.85 22 May, 2013 Influence of Temperature and Humidity on the Population Growth of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) on Milled Rice Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Despite of both quantity and quality of food, temperature and relative humidity in the warehouse are important factors that affect the development and growth population of R. dominica. The effect of temperature and humidity on the population growth of R. dominica (F.) on milled rice was studied in a laboratory experiment. The treatment consisted of eight temperature levels (20, 25, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40°C) and three levels of relative humidities (60, 70 and 80%). The result showed that at all levels of relative humidity tested, R. dominica did not survive at 40°C, whereas at 38°C some R. dominica produced eggs but none of them hatched. With the temperature-dependent equation it was found that the optimum temperature to produce egg number, larvae number and adult number were 35.05, 33.59 and 33.27°C, respectively. At those optimum temperature, the maximum predicted of egg number, larvae number and adult number occurred at 80% relative humidity, i.e., 209.33 eggs, 128.64 larvae and 38.75 adult insect. The study also showed that R. dominica had the shortest (25.00 days) developmental time at 36°C with 80% relative humidity. The longest developmental time (106.33 days) was observed at 20°C with 60% relative humidity. At all relative humidity levels tested, the growth index of R. dominica increased with increasing the temperature up to 34°C and then it decreased with further temperature increase.]]> http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=je.2013.86.94 22 May, 2013 Identification of an AKH/RPCH Family Peptide in the Rice Grasshopper, Hieroglyphus banian (Acrididae: Orthoptera) Hieroglyphus banian (Order: Orthoptera; Family: Acrididae) was isolated from corpora cardiaca by HPLC; the chromatographic fractions were examined for adipokinetic activity in the plant bug, Iphita limbata in vivo. Two fractions that peaked at retention times of 9.94 and 11.81 min, respectively were found to be significantly active in mobilization of lipids. One of the biologically active peaks (9.94 min) had identical retention time as that of synthetic Locusta migratoria-Adipokinetic Hormone-I (Locmi-AKH-I). These analyses confirmed the presence of Locmi-AKH-I in the corpora cardiaca of H. banian. This data can be additional information to aid in the construction of phylogenetic trees of the insect order Orthoptera, by means of computer programme and protein parsimony algorithms.]]> http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=je.2013.95.102 22 May, 2013 Management of Maliarpha separatella Rag Using Effective Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Resistant Rice Cultivars Maliarpha separatella), can be managed by use of resistant rice varieties in combination with entomopathogenic nematodes was set up at Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Mwea. The study was arranged as a 4x4 factorial design and each treatment replicated three times. First factor was rice cultivars at four levels, resistant cultivar (M27615), second resistant cultivar (M27628), the highly susceptible but tolerant cultivar (M27608) and commercial check Basmati 370 variety, which were planted in 1x1m experimental plots. Second factor was application of EPN (Hetrerorhabitidis indica) as a suspension in distilled water to the cultivars at four different times after they were transplanted (no application, 3 weeks after transplant date (WAT), 5 WAT and 6 WAT. Results showed that M. separatella infestation was lowest on cultivar M27615 where H. indica was applied at 3 WAT, while cultivar M27608 had the highest yield despite high number of white heads and stem tunneling indicative of high levels of M. separatella infestation. The findings showed that host-plant resistance and EPNs can be integrated to manage M. separatella infestation (250 words).]]> http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=je.2013.103.109 22 May, 2013 Relationship Between Kilifia acuminata (Signoret) and Chlorophyll Percentage Loss on Mango Leaves Kilifia acuminata (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) reduced leaves chlorophyll content significantly between infested and uninfested leaves. Quantification of chlorophyll loss caused by K. acuminata feeding on mango leaves is vital importance for photosensitize and later on crop yield. The uninfested leaves had higher levels of chlorophyll in comparison with infested ones. The study was conducted in Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Egypt from April to June 2012 on mango shield scale, K. acuminata to calculate chlorophyll percentage loss on mango leaves variety Shmama. Simple correlation and partial regression were done between numbers of insect and chlorophyll loss percentage in infested and uninfested unites (inch²). Positive highly significant effect was recorded between numbers of insect and percentage of chlorophyll loss. Chi-square (χ²) was used to calculate economic threshold and economic injury levels for K. acuminata that causes economically damage in disk chlorophyll content. Economic threshold and economic injury levels were 3 and 8 individuals per disk, respectively.]]> http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=je.2013.110.114 22 May, 2013 A new species of Coccophagus from Egypt (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) Pulvinaria taenuivalvata (Newstead) (Coccidae) on sugarcane leaves at Alexandria. In Egypt, only five species of this genus were recorded, it is expected that more species could be find, as the Egyptian insect fauna still need more studies. By examining the prepared slides and comparing the taxonomical characters of the species, they were not agreeing with any of the described species. Therefore, it is suggested to be a new species and named Coccophagus nigricoxae sp. nov., which is described and illustrated in this study.]]> http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=je.2013.115.119 22 May, 2013