Effects of HIV Infection and Anti-retroviral Therapy on Cardiovascular Risk Factors

11 June, 2026

Several studies show that HIV infection and highly active anti-retroviral therapy increases the risk of patient development of cardiovascular diseases. The increased cardiovascular disease risk factors such as total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, hypertension and the pathogenesis of HIV infection increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study shows the effect of HIV infection and HAART on lipid metabolism and hypertension; the cardiovascular risk factors. Overnight fasted blood samples were drawn from the median cubital vein on the anterior forearm into plain and fluoride oxalate tubes. The serum from the plain tubes was used to estimate the lipid profile:total cholesterol, High density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglycerides and liver function diagnostic enzymes on an autoanalyser. Haemoglobin concentration was determined from the anticoagulated blood and Cluster of differentiation CD₄ was done with Becton Dickinson FACSCount^®. The plasma from the fluoridated anticoagulated blood was used to estimate fasting blood glucose. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer. Markers of cardiovascular diseases, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, diastolic and systolic blood pressures were significantly (p<0.001) elevated. Aspartate amino transferase and Alanine amino transferase were significantly (p<0.0009) reduced in HAART- experienced patients. The significantly increased (p<0.001) total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins and decreased (p<0.05) high density lipoprotein are indicators of cardiovascular risk. Diastolic and systolic blood pressures were significantly (p<0.001) positively correlated to the duration of HAART. Some combinations of highly active antiretroviral drugs were cardio protective at least in the short run.

Quantum Mechanical Characterization of Mixed-Ligand Complex of Co(II) Dimethylglyoxime

11 June, 2026

Non-electrolyte mixed-ligand complex of the general formula [Co(Hdmg)B], where Hdmg = dimethylgloximato monoanion, B = 2-aminophenol(2-aph), diethylamine (dea) or malonic acid (MOH) has been synthesized and characterized. The aim of this study is to use quantum mechanical approach to elucidate the geometries and thermodynamic parameters, vibrational frequencies, dipole moments and HOMO-LUMO band gaps of the complex with different substituents were carried out. These properties were obtained using the PM3 and DFT with B3LYP at 6-31G* level. The uv/visble spectrum of CoHdmg(dea)₂showed well resolved absorption bands at 467, 485 nm, these transitions are attributed to metal-ligand charge transfer transitions while the band at 535 nm is assigned to d-d transition within the metal.The uv/visible spectrum of CoHdmg(2aph) presents three distinct bands at 497, 650 nm attributed to metal-ligand charge transition while the band at 650 nm may account for d-d transition with d-orbital of the meatal ion. Likewise the three prominent bands in the uv/visible spectrum of CoHdgm(MO) at 451, 463 nm are metal-ligand charge transfer transitions while the band at 570 nm is attributed to the d-d transition within the d-orbitals of the metal ion It was observed that the calculated data are in good agreement with experimental data.

Trends in Molecular Sciences - Current Issue

Effects of HIV Infection and Anti-retroviral Therapy on Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Quantum Mechanical Characterization of Mixed-Ligand Complex of Co(II) Dimethylglyoxime