https://scialert.net American Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology en-us Science Alert Thu, 11 Jun 2026 18:11:57 +0200 Thu, 11 Jun 2026 18:14:14 +0200 RssPublisher 0.2.0 beta https://scialert.net/images/logo.gif https://scialert.net 41 233 American Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A Study on Sun Production Factor and Antioxidant Activity of Senna italica Mill Background and Objective: Senna italica is a medicinal herb that the empirical medicine community has extensively used. This study intends to assess the bioactivity of S. italica extract as a sunscreen using in vitro methods to acquire UV protection factors and antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: In this work, dried S. italica leaves were extracted by graduated maceration with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol (80% v/v) to produce an extract. With a UV spectrophotometer, extracts from plant leaves were examined for the sunscreen profile in terms of UVA (320-400 nm) and UVB (290-320 nm) absorption. The extract was evaluated for UV protection using test criteria such as antioxidants and sun protection factor (SPF). Results: The findings of sunscreen profiles in absorbing UVB and UVA revealed that hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaves could absorb both UVB and UVA. Leaf methanol extract had the highest UVB and UVA absorption rates. The extract demonstrated the capacity to prevent regular tanning (leaf methanol extract). The SPF characteristics of S. italica herbal sample showed that leaf methanol extract at a concentration of 50, 100 and 150 μg/mL gave an ultra-protective effect with SPF values of 13.4, 15.7 and 18.4, respectively. Among the three parameters, the maximum UV protection capacity was observed at 150 μg/mL, with a sun protection factor value of 18.4. The S. italica extract demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 92.58 at 20 μg/mL. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that methanolic extracts of S. italica have the potential to operate as a sunscreen, providing ultra-protection against UVA and UVB rays as well as antioxidant activities.]]> https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ajbmb.2025.1.8 11 June, 2026 Quantitative Analysis of Opsonisation-Enhanced Phagocytosis Across Diverse Pathogens Background and Objective: Phagocytosis remains a pivotal component of the immune defence mechanism, orchestrated by professional phagocytes, including macrophages and neutrophils. This rigorous investigation delineates the influence of human serum and opsonisation on the phagocytic uptake of three distinct microorganisms. Materials and Methods: The study compared phagocytosis efficiency with and without serum using E. coli, S. aureus and S. cerevisiae. Microorganisms were pre-treated with human serum for opsonisation and incubated with macrophage-like cells. ImageJ quantified phagocytic uptake and the Phagocytic Index (PI) was calculated. Statistical analysis using Student’s t-test confirmed significantly higher uptake in opsonised samples. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Quantitative analysis revealed a notable escalation in the phagocytic index (PI) across examined pathogens: The PI for S. cerevisiae surged from 0.086 to 1.043, paralleling a percentage increase from 5.64 to 35.75%, whereas S. aureus demonstrated an ascent from 0.344 to 2.980, corresponding to a rise in phagocytic percentage from 14.06 to 54.93%. Conclusion: This study substantiates the premise that opsonisation fundamentally enhances phagocytic efficiency, positing potential therapeutic innovations to bolster immune responses, particularly in immunocompromised cohorts.]]> https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ajbmb.2025.9.14 11 June, 2026