4childbirth

Care at birth

2013-01-03T13:16:00.002+00:00

Skin Care

Immediately after birth, the skin will dry by patting your baby to reduce the loss of heat causes evaporation of amniotic fluid that covered the skin. We also wipe any other substance on the skin, such as blood, feces or coating particular, called "sebaceous coating," which resembles the texture of the cheese. Normally, the remaining coating is absorbed by the skin within 24 to 48 hours.

Body temperature

Before birth, your body temperature controlled baby. After birth, your baby should be able to maintain its body temperature. If body temperature is low, it may have to draw on its reserves of glucose to keep the body warm. This can cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), which can cause a further fall in body temperature of your baby. Hypoglycemia can be dangerous for your newborn. To prevent a rapid drop in body temperature, we put your baby in a cradle or hot we leave with you, well wrapped, and monitor body temperature. The skin-on-skin contact with your newborn is another great way to ensure the stability of the body temperature of your baby. We check the temperature regularly. We should not give bath to a newborn until its temperature has stabilized.

Eye Care

During a vaginal delivery, the mother can transmit sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia and gonorrhea to her baby. We know that these diseases cause eye problems in newborns. Therefore applied an antibiotic ointment to the eyes, erythromycin, within two hours after birth to prevent eye infections caused by these organisms. The ointment may blur the vision for a short period and can cause irritation in the baby's eyes for 24 to 48 hours.

Vitamin K

Vitamin K is necessary for proper blood clotting. At birth, babies have a temporary shortage of vitamin K. They are given an injection of vitamin K during the first hours of their lives. The injection is given into the thigh muscle of the baby.
In some countries, vitamin K is administered orally: administering a series of doses when the baby feeds. This requires repeated doses is not as reliable as injection. If you intend to circumcise your little boy, it is recommended to administer vitamin K injection as the injection is faster than oral doses, thus allowing to ensure that your baby's blood will coagulate properly during surgery .

Immunization against hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. Signs and symptoms include jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and joint pain. In the long term, hepatitis B can cause complications such as infections throughout life, scarring of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure and death. Hepatitis B is transmitted through sexual contact, sharing needles, from mother to baby during birth, and mother to the baby during the first months of his life. Ninety percent of babies who are infected at birth develop chronic infection due to hepatitis B.

All newborns who are at risk for hepatitis B should be routinely immunized against hepatitis B shortly after birth. If you have recently been exposed to hepatitis B, particularly during pregnancy, it may be that we administer the vaccine against hepatitis B and another drug, immunoglobulin against hepatitis B, your baby shortly after birth. This can reduce the chances of transmission of the disease to the baby.

Care regarding the umbilical cord

At birth, they pinch and cut the umbilical cord of your newborn. We will remove the clip within 24 to 48 hours. The stump of the umbilical cord attached to your baby's belly button will be blue-white and wet start. However, the stump of umbilical cord dry out and turn black and dry. It will dry quickly if exposed to the air, so there is no need to protect it with a bandage.

Feces and urine

Stakeholders in the health monitor your newborn to ensure that removes dark green stools, tarry texture or meconium in the days following birth. Once you have established a routine for nursing (or drink), stools become yellow-green and grainy texture. If the baby is slow to evacuate the meconium, it may aggravate jaundice and may mean that the baby has a disease.

Newborns should urinate at least once within 24 hours after birth. Once a routine is established for breastfeeding (or drink), your baby should produce four to five layers well filled with urine for each 24-hour period.

Caring for newborns suffering from jaundice

Approximately two thirds of newborns contracting jaundice, a condition characterized by a yellowish skin and eyes. This is due to the accumulation of a chemical called "bilirubin" in the body. Usually, liver and intestines are responsible for eliminating excess bilirubin but many babies have immature liver can not do effectively or the baby defecates frequently enough to remove bilirubin. Usually, jaundice becomes visible to the naked eye two to five days after birth and continues for a few days until the baby's liver is mature enough to properly dispose of bilirubin.

Cases of severe jaundice, especially those that begin within 24 hours after birth, may be due to blood group incompatibility or infection in the newborn.

Signs of severe jaundice, we find the following:

- Skin and eyes show a yellowish tint
- Excessive sleepiness
- Refusal to eat
- Lose more than 10% of birth weight

If your newborn shows signs of jaundice, we will monitor his bilirubin levels with a blood test taken by inserting a needle into the heel. Must control these bilirubin levels because this chemical is dangerous when present in large amounts and can cause deafness or permanent brain injury.

We also use phototherapy to try to dispel the yellowish pigmentation displayed by the skin of your baby. During this treatment, your baby will be placed under a bright light while protecting their eyes with eye patch. When your baby suffers its phototherapy treatment, it can not wear clothing with the exception of a layer. Your baby may need more fluids to stay hydrated, which could be a challenge since most babies with jaundice have no appetite. Usually, we get to control the level of bilirubin in the weeks following the birth. In more severe cases of jaundice, it is possible that we have to make an exchange transfusion, which involves taking blood from the baby several times and replace it with fresh blood from a donor.

Sleep from birth

2013-01-03T13:12:00.004+00:00

To foster good sleep habits, we must be vigilant at birth. For some babies, will naturally while others have multiple awakenings requiring intervention.

Sleep is one aspect of life that is essential to well-being, both for the growth brain development. Already in utero, it is about 24 to 30 weeks some sleep cycles develop. Also, the stimuli provided by the mother in her daily activities influence the development of sleep cycles and the biological clock. It is the brain that governs the organization of sleep cycles. After birth, the organization of sleep is largely influenced by daylight schedule feedings and daily activities. These elements (called time-givers) have a great influence to regulate sleep cycles. They will be more regular and stable, the clock will be organized easily.

At birth, sleep cycles have a duration of between 40 and 60 minutes. In the first months of life cycles are grouped between 2-6 cycles per 24 hours. This means that already at this age, the baby can sleep 6 hours straight. To 3-4 months, the brain is sufficiently developed to consolidate the biological clock and the baby will sleep at night prioritized on sleep during the day. At this age, you may notice periods of uninterrupted sleep 9 hours up to 12 hours to six months of age.

Suitable environment

Several factors are involved to optimize the quality and quantity of sleep for your baby. Firstly, it is important to ensure a proper environment.

The dark and quiet

Many babies get used to sleeping in difficult noise. It should also ensure that the room is very dark to prevent outside light from disturbing sleep. Some parents go up to caulk the windows of the room to avoid the morning light comes awaken their child too early.

Ambient temperature and humidity

There is also the ambient temperature affects the quality of sleep. The room temperature should remain between 18 to 20 degrees C with a humidity of 30-40%. A room that is too hot often impairs the quality of sleep and this may cause awakenings during the night. It is best to dress your baby with warm pajamas especially if frequently found by moving the night.

Nursery

Also, it is recommended that the baby sleep in his own room. Of course, when the infant is breastfed frequently at night, it may be easier and more convenient to keep it close. But when it grows and food needs decrease, his bedroom is the most appropriate place to promote good sleep. If you do not have a choice and your baby should sleep in your room, it is advisable to place a piece of furniture or a screen for the child not see you at nighttime awakenings. This may encourage them to ask you.

Biological rhythm and naps

Parents should be alert to signs of fatigue that their baby has. If you see rub your eyes, nose, or he yawns becomes sullen, this is a good time for bedtime. Some parents believe that we should wait as long as possible after the first signs "to make sure the baby to sleep faster." In fact, it is often the opposite. A child often becomes too tired and restless it may affect his sleep. It is better to determine an appropriate time to sleep which is based on the indices of fatigue and keep this time as stable as possible. This will help to strengthen its internal clock and facilitate its sleep and good sleep.

It must also ensure that the baby does not sleep too long day at the expense of sleep at night. It is suggested to prevent the nap lasts more than three hours and not more than 16h in the afternoon, especially after 6 months when the baby is only 2 naps in the day. Too long a nap often affects sleep at night, which may explain the situations where babies fall asleep very late at night. It should also prevent the baby falls asleep at dinner time (between 16h and 18h), not to compromise his sleep and sleep at night, especially around 3-4 months when the periods of uninterrupted sleep s 'longer.

Birthmark on baby

2013-01-03T13:09:00.000+00:00

Birthmarks are marks on the skin of your baby can stay a lifetime or discolor over time. Some spots are called "stork bites" (when they are located in the neck) or "angel kisses" (when they are on the forehead or eyelids). It is mottled red spots or sometimes pink which usually disappear after several months or even several years. There are other kinds of birthmarks are more permanent.

What are they like?

The most common varieties are:
Wine stains purple or angioma plan, involving about 3 newborns in 1000. They tend to grow for several years. They can be removed by laser treatment. Seek the advice of a dermatologist.

The tuberous angioma. This is a projection purple red, which grows rapidly during the first six months, then more slowly, and eventually shrink and lighten the age of 18 months. It usually disappears by the age of six years.

Brown markings, black or brown, which sometimes appear in small groups.

Moles, of different sizes, embossed or hairy.

Mongolian spots bluish or green on the back or buttocks, which usually disappear about two years.

Of angiomas (or wine stains) that resemble bruises. They persist and expand as the child grows.

If some parents are disfiguring birthmarks prefer them removed, others as a sign of the uniqueness of their child and are even pretty.

Can they be serious?

Most birthmarks are harmless. To examine moles by your dermatologist is a good reflex, particularly very large known as giant pigmented nevi, which may become cancerous over time.

Your dermatologist will also examine some potentially problematic spots such as birthmarks located near the eye, large birthmarks on an arm, a leg or near the eye, or large groups of brown spots. Any birthmark (except Mongoloid spot) on the bottom of the spine may also require special attention.

Wine stains on the face or neck, even small ones, can greatly interfere with a child and even have adverse psychological effects.

Can I remove the stain of my baby?

Parents are often tempted to remove disfiguring birthmarks. It is best not to touch it unless they begin to interfere with the functions of the body. It may happen that tuberous angioma superficial require treatment if they are on or near an eye, throat or mouth. Consult your dermatologist if you are concerned.

Possible treatments

They include cryosurgery (freezing the birthmark), surgery, X-rays, laser therapy or application of corticosteroids. These treatments can leave scars that cosmetic surgery can sometimes mitigate. Wine stains are difficult to remove completely but can usually be cleared with laser therapy. Moles can be surgically removed.

The power

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Breastfeeding

The exclusive breastfeeding during the first months is a power mode that is appropriate for all children.

The composition of the milk of every mother is perfectly adapted to the needs of the baby and it also varies in the same feed as well as over time.

Breastfeeding has many other benefits for both baby and mom.

Most women can breastfeed. The ideal is to breastfeed on demand.

How to eat healthy?

A balanced diet, varied and healthy diet is essential to enable the child to grow, develop, maintain good health, etc..

The pleasure of shared meals, well presented, in a relaxed atmosphere and the variety of foods contribute to the proper development of the child.

A balanced diet is not achieved in one meal or in one day.
It builds over days depending on the child's appetite and the variety of foods that are presented. Quantities of food must be adapted to each child based on their age, weight, size, general condition, etc..

To have good teeth ...

It is advisable to get in the habit of brushing teeth as soon as they first appear. But more importantly, to reduce caries, avoid giving bottles containing sugary drinks, pacifiers dipped in honey or jam and limit sweets.

The first examination is recommended at the dentist by the age of 3 years.
Then, two preventive visits are recommended annually.

Children under 12 years receive free dental care, except orthodontics (correction of defects of the dentition). However, if your dentist check out this free applies.
Do not hesitate to ask!

Sleep

Return from maternity and during his first months of life, it is recommended to lay the baby on her back during sleep (except against-medical indication), never smoke in the room where it is to maintain the room where he sleeps a temperature between 18 ° c and 20 ° c, using a firm mattress without a pillow, never cover the baby's head when he sleeps ...

These simple precautions significantly reduce the risk of accidents during sleep.

Sleep is a pleasure being prepared. When your child begins to show signs of fatigue (crying, yawning ...), it's time to prepare for the night.

A song, a story, or just cuddle allow the child to feel good, relieve stress and anxieties of the day and sleep peacefully.

How my child grows?

At each visit Consultation ONE child is weighed and measured. Head circumference (head) is regularly measured.

The recorded values are noted in the medical record and in your child's book. These measurements plotted on growth curves can follow step by step the evolution of growth.

Controls the evolution of the weight and size are designed to prevent over or underweight, but also to detect growth disorders in size.

Control the evolution of head circumference can also detect certain diseases.

Allergies

2013-01-03T13:03:00.002+00:00

There are a growing number of people complaining of allergies. The clinical signs of these and their causes vary widely. Of preventive and curative measures exist depending on the type of allergy.

It is therefore useful to talk to your doctor who will advise appropriate treatment.

For example, children at risk, the exclusive breastfeeding during the first months proved to be an excellent prevention.

During the construction of housing and especially the room of your child, it is important to ensure a healthy environment.

The environment in which your child will provide him security and development. This requires well develop space made available and choose age appropriate toys do not hesitate to seek advice and consult the brochures provided in the consultation.

However, this environment should also help him ensure a healthy life. To do this, it is necessary to avoid deodorants and fragrance diffusers and use only if necessary products such as disinfectants (outside of his presence) and cosmetics for babies (wipes, cleansing milks .. .).

It is really necessary to banish from his environment cigarette smoke and pesticides.

It is important to renew the air regularly (at least fifteen minutes in the morning and at night, even in winter, if possible outside high traffic hours)

When planning the site of your child's life, when you make the interview, it is always prudent to assess the possible effects on their health products and materials.

If your child has health problems, such as allergies, which may be related to habitat (presence of mold, water stains, chipped paint ...), talk to your doctor: it may prescribe a free analysis of indoor pollution by an approved body.

Which vaccines to protect my child?

2013-01-03T13:01:00.001+00:00

Your child vaccinated is the best way to protect against certain diseases and their complications. A single vaccination is compulsory by law, vaccination against polio. Other (diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis ...) are strongly recommended. The vaccination schedule begins at an early age: Your child will then receive their first vaccination at the age of 2 months. The doctor will advise you the following schedule during each visit.

The book gives you the child vignettes that give free access to vaccination. All vaccines recommended by the French Community may be obtained free of charge from the vaccinator of your choice in exchange for these vignettes.

One exception: the vaccine against rotavirus, which can be purchased in pharmacies provided you have a prescription. This vaccine is largely reimbursed by your insurance.

Compulsory vaccinations to attend a community of children under three years are those against polio, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, meningitis (haemophilus influenzae b), measles, rubella, mumps.

Vaccines against pneumococcal, meningococcal C and hepatitis B are highly recommended.

If the delivery is a test for the mother, it is also for the baby.

2013-01-03T12:58:00.001+00:00

From the narrow space of the uterus, the newborn passes air. In a few minutes, it changes the environment from the liquid medium in air environment and must adapt quickly.

During childbirth

The baby plays an essential role in the induction of labor. It is present in 95% of cases upside down, they say it is a presentation "cephalic" the most favorable delivery.
In 4% of cases, the fetus is sitting in his mother's womb is the breech presentation. The prognosis for vaginal delivery varies depending on the school, and a cesarean can be discussed because it is a more risky childbirth compared to a cephalic presentation.

Once arrived at the maternity, midwife or obstetrician will take care. It puts in place a monitoring to assess the well-being of your baby by heart rate and the frequency of your contractions. You will be a vaginal to know where you are in labor. We evaluate the characteristics of your cervix (the dilation, length, texture and position) and the height of your baby's head in relation to your pelvis.

In late pregnancy, in general, the cervix is closed, long, toned and posterior. Contractions associated with the release of hormones and to support the baby's head will act on the cervix. As to labor for a first baby, the cervix will begin to shorten, it becomes semi-long, short and cleared, this is what is called cervical effacement. Once the neck cleared, the expansion step starts. The cervix will gradually open up (on average 1 cm per hour) up to 10 cm, it is said that you are fully dilated.

If you have already given birth, the effacement and dilation of your cervix are often at the same time. Work faster.

While working, your baby will flex his head and in a direct oblique diameter of your pond. This is the widest diameter. As in, his head goes down. It speaks of commitment when the widest part of the baby's head crossed the narrowest part of your pond. Once his head engaged, it will descend into the basin as a result of uterine contractions.
Even if you are fully dilated, it is possible that the midwife gives time to let your baby down as much as possible by itself in your pond. Thus, over his head will be low and ready to go out, unless you push and it will be easy.

During the eviction, you push with all your might to get the baby's head. The midwife will guide you and support you. Once the head out, you've done the hardest part. Midwife emerge one after the other shoulder of your baby and the rest of his body. You can then reach out to pick up your child. Dad, if desired, may cut the umbilical cord. If your baby is fine, you can let skin to skin against you and submit directly within if you chose to feed this way.

Sometimes the baby does not yet support expulsive efforts. The midwife can then be brought to call the doctor to help the expulsion by a suction cup or spatulas.

Once your baby against you, it is expected that the placenta detaches (up to 30 minutes after delivery). You push once or twice to get it out. The midwife will check the status of your perineum and practiced stitches if it finds a tear, or episiotomy was necessary.

Shaving

2012-09-16T14:37:00.004+01:00

Once (it was there not long ago actually), it completely shaved pubis of a woman when he arrived at the hospital in order to "sanitize" the area and "eliminate risks of infection". This was THE procedure, and that was it. It was so sure and certain that it was the right thing and that it included not only the benefits, but also that the intervention was necessary. But after research (in fact, one research was needed to establish a diagnosis clear and convincing), we realized that in reality ... it was the opposite! Shaving increase the risk of infection! Superb, what now?

Long practiced immediately upon admission of women to give birth, this practice is now a thing of the past few exceptions. Some doctors or hospitals have turned to a desire to "mini-shaving" (lower lip and near the perineum), but its usefulness seems equally questionable.

Why do you (or did they do it is by location)?

To reduce the risk of infection (which was proven false)
To facilitate suturing and episiotomy (look wisely article on episiotomy before concluding ...)
Advantages:

No real advantage has been identified to date.

Disadvantages:

Increased risk of infection, especially in hospitals.
Was humiliating at the time, and forced the mother to sit still during shaving, which in itself is harmful if at that time, we feel the need to move.
Alternatives:

Say no, if ever, by a chance of life is unlikely to offer you.

However, if you are at first glance, the "commando" type rather than Amazon, you should know that shaving the pubic area, in part or in full does not at all the same risks if practiced at home or hospital. This place, in advance, increasing the risk of infection. The bacteria in your home, you're already used to it and you already live very well with them.

So in case you want to be totally or partially shaved the day of your birth, we can not encourage you enough to do it yourself at home, if possible (but it is difficult to predict) at least 24 hours before you go to the hospital (if you give birth in hospital).

Enema for pleasure, pain or vitality?

2012-09-16T14:35:00.001+01:00

This is one of the things, Stars of film, even politicians talk sports with an enema, but what is it healthy, is it nice?

One point, I do, it's not a "how-to" guide, before undertaking any such procedure I would recommend first consulting your local medical adviser.

Basically it's colon cleansing and large intestine, it involves injecting a solution into the rectum to soften the feces, distend the colon and rectum and cause the easy emptying of the bowel.

Although its all the rage right now, its actually one of the oldest medical procedures and has been practiced by most cultures throughout history. In fact its only in the last fifty years that regular enema has diminished, mainly by the onslaught of chemical enema's and laxatives from the pharmaceutical industry. Everyone from the Greek and Egyptian kings of France have extolled the virtues and health benefits of the enema. The use of the washing today can be broadly divided into two zones, one for medical and health reasons, one for pleasure and erotic practices.

Let's first examine the traditional benefits of health and have a look at your colon. Its main function with your lungs, skin and kidneys is the elimination of toxins in the intestines, the blood and lymph systems. Among its most important functions are the colon are absorption of water and minerals and the formation and elimination of feces, so if your colon is blocked it reduces or stops these functions. A recent survey of the United States showed after surgery where the colon was examined, there was an average of one pound of meat undigested or impacted in the colon. The meat was unable to move and, therefore, it rotted and released poisons into the blood stream. Not a good idea so by use of diet or other procedures, keeping the colon clean helps maintain a healthy body.

The solution is usually used for enemas is warm water, but surprisingly there are many solutions that can be used, these solutions are often called "recipes". They include coffee, beer, Epsom salts, juice Limon, Ivory Soap. Each recipe can have a slightly different and the results on your body, so it is always best to do plenty of research before using a recipe new or unproven.

Here are just a short paragraph in the use of enemas for sexual point that this article can be read by minors, if you wish for much more information is available on specialized websites.

Certainly the greatest interest has been growing enema for sexual pleasure itself and use before sexual acts. Partners loans are much more adventurous to perform anal sex acts in previous years and the application of an enema before the aid can not only eliminating the health risks but revive the pleasure of the Act.

There is wide spread agreement by the two traditional professions and treatment alternatives as cleaning the intestines and colon by enemas can be beneficial and invigorating, but it is best to get good advice and research before attempting any procedure yourself.

Laparoscopy

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Why should we go this route?

Because unfortunately today was the only effective treatment for eligible cure for endometriosis although it is not a sure bet.

We do not have a figure to date on the recurrence rate after surgery.

Laparoscopy, a technique widely used by surgeons because it allows to see the whole abdomen and genitals. Endometriosis is a disease very complex and difficult operable when violations are profound. We must know that the surgeon resected radical damage (cutting the lesion, the cyst, the nodule and leave nothing). But he knows also operate with the digestive system. Therefore it is always better than the surgeon gynecologist working in a multidisciplinary team, so with other surgeons to avoid unpleasant surprises.

A short hospital stay estimated 2 to 3 days see the type of operation (resection of part of the colon, rectum or bowel), poses a colostomy or ileostomy or another and it will wait at least 7 days.

Before the operation:

Currently not very pleasant when the stress and anxiety is very present, especially for the first time.

You will be hospitalized the day before the operation in general or the morning of the operation (which is fairly rare). While watching the small list that the hospital or the clinic you will be given to prepare your business for any length of hospitalization. Remove nail polish, cut your toenails and hands, shaving or waxing (observe days indicated). Do not shave or remove hair on the day of entry. Wash thoroughly every day for a week before surgery and put on clean clothing each time. To prevent infections.

Think of buying intimate wipes and wipes also to cleanse the body (very useful in order to feel clean, especially when you can not wash properly the day after the operation). And of course leave the jewelry at home, do not keep your alliance during the operation even if you are allowed to keep, you may damage it.

The day of your entry:

Once installed in your room you will see the framework nurse or nurse who will explain everything in detail and give you the material for the shower. The little tranquilizer to sleep at night (if recommended by physician) and another small tranquilizer before going into surgery. The small blouse tied in the back or generally we do not know why but we always see our home behind not because at that level.

Above all, we do not forget to give you a big hit to your enema needs to be done at night before going to bed.

D-Day:

After a good or bad night, waking in the morning the nurse who tells you to take your shower and put on your coat.

We take the small seal (very important) to be relaxed and wait patiently for our time to go to the block.

Once the block:

The team is always friendly and very professional. The nurse anesthetist will place your catheter, you will take good care of you focus on the operating table (where we can go backwards). The anesthetist will say hello and tells you what he does. You put a mask (which does not feel very good to be said) and it will take a deep breath. Here time-keeper, the anesthetist wish you good night and you're in for a few hours sleep.

How is laparoscopy?

Firstly it is performed under general anesthesia, duration of course depend on what the surgeon sees and must do. An incision will be made at the navel to insert the famous little camera that could inspect the inside of the abdomen and genitals. To have good visibility, the abdomen is inflated by a carbon dioxide will be eliminated next after the operation. Other incisions may be made during surgery so the surgeon can introduce the necessary instruments for intervention.

The following operation:

When you go back to your room in general you do not feel pain right away because you are still under the effect of anesthesia. In the operating room you will put a catheter that is once you remove the urine will be clear that there will be no worries in particular. The probe is removed quickly enough anyway.

Dice the evening you can start eating very light (again all depends on what kind of operation) and normally the same day of the operation caregivers should help you get up from your bed but usually starts at the next day. Regarding the pain you can not tell you that it is painless, the gas has been injected and the operation itself is painful. This is bearable, especially when one is infused.

At the end of your hospitalization, you will have a sick leave of at least 2 weeks or more depending again on the type of intervention.

It is better then if you do not plan to take a pregnancy pill continuously and that even the desire of pregnancy or until your menopause.

Complications of laparoscopy:

Like any operation there can be complications. Often we attach little importance to its complications because you have to go through it. It is still important to know the risks. The surgeon will inform you of all the risks of surgery or after surgery that may occur. If you have any questions do not hesitate.

Postoperative:

Carbon dioxide injected during surgery can hurt you in the abdomen and back in the shoulders for a few days. Well ask the surgeon compared to how long your speech will take healing on the inside, when you can have sex and all the questions you ask. The small tip: write down everything that pops into your head and ask him your questions.

Diseases screened at birth

2012-09-16T14:30:00.005+01:00

In the days following birth, motherhood, a little blood is taken from the heel of the newborn. This exam will find five diseases whose diagnosis must be made very early to allow for early care and lessening its impact. What are these diseases?

Phenylketonuria

- It is detected at birth in all children since 1978.
- It is a genetic disease that affects a child of 15 000-17 000 (50 children per year in France).
- It is due to the absence or decreased levels of an enzyme (phenylalanine hydroxylase), responsible for degradation of phenylalanine in the body. Phenylalanine is a substance (amino acid) provided by dietary protein.
- The accumulation of phenylalanine in the body causes a nervous system causing mental retardation.
- Measurement of phenylalanine in the blood taken shortly after birth can make a diagnosis.
- If the rate is too high, it sets up a regime that excludes foods high in phenylalanine. This regime should be continued generally for at least ten years and taken during pregnancy. It allows a satisfactory mental development.

Congenital hypothyroidism

- It is detected at birth in all children since 1978.
- It is a disease that affects one child in 3500 and is due to insufficient production of hormones by the thyroid or a poor quality of these hormones. Thyroid hormones are especially necessary for growth and maturation of bone and nervous system.
- The lack of thyroid hormones leads to growth retardation (up to and dwarfism) and intellectual deficit more or less marked.
- Diagnosis is made by assaying, in blood taken at the heel of the newborn, a hormone that stimulates the thyroid (TSH).
- If positive, treatment with thyroid hormone-to-day is started in the early days and continued throughout life. This treatment allows normal development.

The congenital adrenal hyperplasia

- It is routinely screened at birth since 1996.
- It is a genetic disorder that a child reaches about 15 000 to 20 000. It is linked to abnormal production by the adrenal glands (located above the kidneys) of certain hormones, one of which occurs in particular in the right use of salt by the body. When this hormone is absent or very low levels, there is a very serious risk of dehydration.
- Diagnosis is made by assaying a hormone produced by the adrenal glands: the 17-hydroxy progesterone.
- Treatment (by hormones) should be started as soon as possible, preferably before the 15th day of life.

Cystic fibrosis

- It is routinely screened at birth since 2002.
- It is a genetic disorder that affects 1 child in about 3000.
- It is characterized by an abnormality of various secretions of the body: at the unit respiratory, digestive, skin (sweat). It is reflected in particular by recurrent respiratory infections and digestive disorders.
- The diagnosis is based on testing of a blood enzyme, trypsin, with confirmation in positive cases by genetic testing.
- The early initiation of treatment with kinesith-therapy, antibiotics, diet can improve the prognosis of the disease.

Sickle Cell Disease

- This genetic disease which affects the black population is detected since 1996 in children born in departments overseas and in some children born in metropolitan France (those whose parents originate from the Caribbean, Guyana, Africa Sub-Saharan, the meeting ...).
- It is a genetic disorder that is characterized by an abnormal hemoglobin, forming RBCs carry oxygen. It causes anemia, a tendency to lung infections and bone, blockage of the vessels.
- An early treatment with infection, anemia and profound situations that can trigger sickle cell crisis can prevent or delay the onset of serious complications.

Hair loss in women - causes and remedies

2012-09-16T14:25:00.002+01:00

We hear a lot these days about male pattern baldness, female baldness but affects 1 in 4 women in the United States. Hair loss in women can be even more troubling than for men. Hair loss is generally accepted as a normal part of aging process in men, but this is not the case for women. Absence of a fine head of hair can be especially devastating for a woman to self-esteem.

Hereditary thinning, also called alopecia, accounts for 95% of female hair loss. While many women think that using a hair dryer, hot rollers, flat irons or may be the cause of hair loss, it is simply not the case. Hair treatments aggressive or rough handling can cause hairs to break close to the scalp, but this is only temporary and can cause long term hair loss.
If you have thinning hair or excessive hair loss, the first thing to check is the possibility of a hormonal imbalance.

Childbirth can cause sudden hair loss. Usually about three months after birth giving women experience excessive hair loss. This is caused by hormones and, if it can be alarming if you were not expecting it, it's nothing to worry. In fact, it's just your hair back to normal. During pregnancy the part of your normal cycle of hair growth where more hair is shed to make room for new growth is retarded by high levels of hormones. After giving birth and your hormones start to readjust it, the extra hair is shed to make room for new growth.

Another hormonal factor that can cause hair loss in women is a thyroid imbalance. A thyroid over or under active can cause thinning hair. Output of estrogen balance is another culprit. However, with these two conditions, once the hormonal imbalance is corrected, the hair loss should stop. If you suspect a hormonal imbalance is causing your hair loss, talk with your doctor.

Other factors affecting hair loss are extreme or gain, illness, high fever, or drug use.

The biggest factor in female hair loss, however, is menopause. Before menopause only about 13% of women experience thinning hair. After menopause that number jumps to 37%. The reasons are twofold. Hormones during menopause many women are everywhere, and, as we have seen, a hormonal imbalance may be an important factor in hair loss women. In addition, many women begin to take extra hormones during or after menopause, such as progesterone. Progesterone inhibits the development of new hair follicles make the problem worse.

But why some women experience thinning hair while others keep their hair in their 90? As with men, some women have a genetic predisposition. What is genetically determined is the level of an enzyme called 5-alpha reductase. This enzyme is responsible for the conversion of testosterone, a male hormone present in small amounts in females, and in dihydrotestostrone or DHT, the ultimate culprit in hair loss for men and women.

The good news is that there is much you can do to prevent and even reverse hair loss just by giving your body the right cradle.

In shopping for a product to prevent and reverse thinning hair, there are certain key ingredients to look for:
- Vitamin B6 is the head of the list. Studies have shown that B6 promotes hair growth and prevents hair loss. You want to be sure you're pretty.
- Biotin is simply food for your hair. It helps promote healthy skin, hair and nails. Biotin deficiency, however, has been shown to cause hair loss.
- Magnesium is absolutely essential for hair growth and studies show that most women do not get enough in their diet.
- Horsetail promotes good blood circulation to the scalp that stimulates hair growth. Did your mother ever tell you to brush your hair a hundred strokes before bed each night? The old wives tale "has some truth to it. The action of brushing stimulates the scalp which supply blood to the hair follicles. Horsetail does the same thing.
- Or para-aminobenzoic acid, PABA is also important to hair growth and health. It can even, in some cases a return gray hair to its original color!

Hair loss can be very distressing for women. Fortunately, unlike men, we generally little experience a general thinning and not bald will find ourselves in big spots and prominently placed - to take the heart and then do something. If you have ruled out a hormonal imbalance, thyroid dysfunction, or hair loss due to sudden illness or weight fluctuations, chances are your thinning hair is genetic. But that does not mean you have to live with it. Find a quality supplement that will nourish your hair from the inside and correct deficiencies that lead to female pattern baldness. You can expect many years of beautiful hair.

Better manage the return of menses

2012-09-16T14:24:00.001+01:00

Pregnancy is a huge upheaval for the woman's body. Its forms change but also its hormone levels. After birth, the return to normal does not happen immediately. Few weeks or months are needed for the return of menses occurs. Many misconceptions exist about this period return to normal body of the young mother. Here are some explanations on this particular time interval.

What exactly the term means "menses"?

When the woman becomes pregnant, the rate of its sex hormones are totally changed. The first consequence is of course the disappearance of menstruation. After the birth of the child, the amount of hormones is gradually returning to normal. When the rules come back, we speak of "menses". It occurs between 6-8 weeks after delivery for women who do not breastfeed and can reach 3 months for those who give the breast.

During this period, the body tries to rehabilitate his hormone levels, so the woman can see brownish discharge. These are lochia. They can last several weeks and are generally more abundant on the 12th day after delivery.

These lochia are not to be confused with the rules. They do not mean that the menstrual cycle has returned to normal.

When the young mother nursing her child, the back layer is later. During her pregnancy, her body has secreted a particular hormone, prolactin, which allows the secretion of milk by the mammary glands. This hormone inhibits the menstrual cycle. Thus, over how long a woman breastfeeds her baby, the greater the rules will occur later.

Birth: the birth of baby

2012-09-16T14:22:00.004+01:00

The birth or parturition is all mechanical and physiological phenomena that lead to the birth of the child and the expulsion of its Annexes to the outside of the uterus. The first part is the work, the second is the issue.

The work begins with contractions.

For the mother and father who are prepared, this is the big time, as expected.

In the delivery room, the work is monitored by regular clinical assessment and monitoring. Examination of the fetal heart rate (FCR) enables the detection of fetal suffering. The mother is placed on a drip.

Childbirth: workflow

It takes place in two phases. The first is the effacement and dilation of the cervix. The second is the output of the baby or expulsion.

How the work goes off there?

It is a multifactorial set in which all aspects are not fully known.

Hormones are the front line with oxytocin and prostaglandins. But probably also due to mechanical factors increasing the size of the uterus that causes the stretching of its walls and triggers contractions.

In late pregnancy, estrogen is the highest level in maternal blood, while progesterone remains constant or decreases slightly.

These high levels of estrogen stimulate the synthesis of oxytocin receptors on the plasma membrane of myometrial cells (the lining of the uterus consists of endometrium, myometrium) but also oppose the 'muscle-relaxing effect of progesterone. The myometrium gradually becomes more excitable, while weakening, causing low myometrial contractions called Braxton-Hicks. These are the source of false labor.

The role of hormones in birth

But under the influence of oxytocin produced by the pituitary gland of the fetus, the placenta secretes prostaglandins. These two hormones stimulate powerfully the myometrium. Prostaglandins play a role in the synchronization of myometrial contractions. The myometrium made very sensitive to oxytocin, contractions intensify.

At the same time, under the effect of physical and emotional stress felt by the mother, the maternal hypothalamus sends a signal to the maternal neurohypophysis it releases oxytocin.

Oxytocin and prostaglandins are now at high concentrations will trigger rhythmic contractions of true labor.

A mechanism is set up when the hypothalamus came into action. It involves the mechanoreceptors of the uterus. Strongly stimulated, they allow an increased secretion of oxytocin by the hypothalamus, causing stronger contractions.

Moreover, a change of state of fetal fibronectin (a glycoprotein that links maternal and fetal tissue) just before the onset of labor contractions also promotes real work.

Orphan diseases

2012-09-16T14:19:00.005+01:00

More than 30,000 children born each year with a genetic disease. While some say they are the first few months, others will not appear until adolescence or adulthood. Today, the tools will identify these problems early, and organizations offering help. The point not to remain alone with the disease.

While most children are born without problems, more than 30,000 babies are born with a genetic disease each year. Today, 3 million people live well with a health problem related to a change in their genes.

A wide variety of disorders

Unfortunately, there are many genetic diseases: more than 7,000 identified to date. We also discovered a new weekly. Attention all genetic diseases are not necessarily inherited disorders. The problem can occur spontaneously in a baby, because of a "mistake" in DNA replication, or the effect of cosmic radiation on terrestrial or genetic makeup.

Moreover, all the diseases do not appear at birth. Approximately 2/3 are expressed in children and 1/3 occur in adulthood.

Today, screening for genetic diseases is through the classic Guthrie test, performed before leaving hospital. It can detect five diseases:

- Phenylketonuria, a defective enzyme in the liver that prevents the digestion of phenylalanine;
- Congenital hypothyroidism, a problem of production of thyroid hormones;
- Sickle cell anemia, a disease that affects red blood cells, common in Africa and the Middle East;
- The congenital adrenal hyperplasia, an abnormal function of the adrenal glands causing an excess of male hormones and / or a salt deficiency;
- Cystic fibrosis, a disease that causes respiratory failure.

Why not track more diseases? One could theoretically detect about thirty. But, as advocated by the World Health Organization, it is useless to look for diseases for which there is no cure. Certainly, cystic fibrosis can not be cured, but its detection allows early treatment that improves the health and lengthening life.

In some cases of inherited diseases known in the family, embryo screening may be offered.

Treatments for tomorrow

Genetic diseases are complex, and often they involve too few people to interest pharmaceutical companies. That is why there are few treatments. But the EU has implemented procedures to aid and encourage research on these so-called orphan diseases. Moreover, 40% of new molecules developed today are just rare diseases. 410 "orphan" drugs are developing well, and 32 are already on the market. Only downside: these treatments on a small number of patients, are necessarily very expensive to amortize costs. Gene therapy also represents a hope, several children were treated successfully in the case of deficiency of the immune system and other trials are underway.

Living with illness

When the diagnosis, it is often difficult to find advice or assistance to understand. But today there are databases of information on rare diseases, including Orphanet. Not only do we find information on more than 4200 diseases, medical experts and coordinates more than 380 patient organizations. The site also offers participation in clinical trials and the contact of isolated patients.

Because it is important for parents to accompany the child and teach him to live with this genetic disease.

LEAVE THE CHILD WITH HIS MOTHER

2012-09-16T14:17:00.001+01:00

The mother and child are an entity biologically and emotionally, the mother receives from her child's signals that lead to love, to care for and protect him. From an anthropological point of view, the existence of this entity from mother to child was indispensable to the survival of the species.

In animals, the first mother-infant contact is controlled by a series of instinctive programs specific to each species. In mammals, one of these programs is the instinctive and quick search of the breast to suckle. We do not yet know what causes a baby to breastfeed, but to suppose that the sense of touch of the child plays an important role, and the sight and smell. It is interesting that mammals are born with closed eyes are probably much more dependent on their sense of smell than those with open eyes at birth.

In most mammals, the fact that the mother has her little beside her during the hours after birth is crucial for recognition by the small maternal. In many species, when little was taken from the mother immediately after birth, it will be rejected by him when she will. Behavior "mothering" seems to be under hormonal control, the rate is very high oxytocin during labor, and this hormone appears to play an important role in the creation of the mother-child bond.

When a newborn healthy is placed against the mother's chest immediately after birth, and when shall refrain from any action likely to disturb, we can observe in the child a series of behaviors that the 'lead him to find the breast and take approximately 1 hour after birth. When it went well, and after the first cry, the child is usually quiet. After a while, it becomes more active and alert, he opens his eyes and begins to move my arms. About 30 minutes after birth, it begins to wear his hands to his mouth and sucking movements have, which are becoming increasingly important. Then he starts looking for the breast.

Some authors still believe that the "sensitive period" observed in other mammals does not exist in humans, despite studies of increasing number showing the contrary. For example, studies have shown that if the child was placed against the skin of his mother immediately after birth and for a while, the mother is breastfeeding longer and behave more "mothering" than when it was separated from her child. Moreover, the fact that the child touches the nipples of her mother shortly after birth seems to accelerate the creation of mother-child bond. The results of recent studies show that this sensitive period does exist, and that period during which the mother is particularly sensitive to skin contact with the child and sucking the nipples is also the period during which the infant is biologically programmed to try to breastfeed and to breastfeed. Admittedly, this period is not the only time that the mother can focus on her child. But why deny a mother and her newborn child the possibility to immediately create a strong and rewarding for both, when there is absolutely no medical reason requiring a separation?

The child is born with a number of capacities. Besides being able to find only the breast after an hour, a newborn turns his head toward the sound. The child has learned in pregnancy to know the voice of his mother, and studies have shown that the acknowledged after birth. It also seems to recognize the voice of his father. The newborn can also imitate facial expressions, which implies that it can differentiate to replicate. It was also found that infants quickly recognize the smell of his mother.

The child knows right from birth also show signs of hunger: he sucking movements, raises his hand to his mouth, turns his head looking breast. If these signals are not recognized, it will start to cry for attention. It is important not to let him cry long, because in this case it is often too agitated to be allowed to breastfeed. When a young infant is placed against the mother's womb, it is often impatient, and turns his head in all directions in search of the breast, mouth open, in a disorderly manner, as if he could not find the nipple. This "prelude" seems to play a role of nipple stimulation to prepare them for nursing. When the nipple "spring" enough, usually the child opens his mouth wide, flatten his tongue, and take well to the breast.

He would not come to the idea of most breeders to mingle small at the breast, or remove them. Unfortunately, there is a belief among caregivers deeply rooted it is necessary to help children take the breast. Their attempts to "help" usually have the effect of disrupting the child, or even make him refuse to latch on. This belief probably dates from the time the newborn was systematically separated from his mother at birth, and kept arbitrarily nursery for a longer or shorter, making it impossible for children to develop their natural skills to take the breast .

When the child begins to nurse, serum oxytocin increases almost immediately (it can even start to increase before the child takes the breast). Oxytocin induces milk ejection. It was also found in the mother a lower rate of somatostatin and increased gastrin levels and insulin. These hormones have the effect of optimizing metabolism: mobilization of fat reserves, better utilization of food intake. The act of sucking in children also triggers the secretion of various hormones. An early first feed will likely result in triggering intestinal peristalsis, accelerating the removal of amniotic fluid in the stomach contents, and to facilitate nutrient absorption. Studies have shown that premature babies fed by gavage had better growth when given regularly to suck a lollipop.

Milk secretion is controlled by many factors. It begins after birth the child is not placed within or under the influence of a biological program. The suction is essential for future development.
Each feeding induced a peak of prolactin. It seems that the frequency of breastfeeding plays a significant role in the abundance of milk secretion. Hormones of breastfeeding also an emotional impact on the mother, and strengthen the bond between mother and child. Most mothers feel a sense of peace, drowsiness. when their children head. This impact can be considered a natural way to encourage the mother-child bond, and focus on the mother her child. Studies have shown that mothers who breastfed were more sensitive to signals from the child, and lived most of the fact spend much time taking care of him than mothers who were not breastfeeding.

The basics of breastfeeding

2012-09-16T14:15:00.001+01:00

Some concepts may help scientists better understand the functioning and the role of breastfeeding as essential nourishment of the baby, from birth until the age of six months. Update on the situation ...

For nine months, you have sheltered and fed your baby in you. This close relationship between mother and child should not be interrupted at birth when the umbilical cord is cut. Nature has many things planned to keep this vital contact and to allow the mother to continue feeding her child with her body. The child is thus not only the best food, but also welfare, protection and assurance through body contact with his mother. Here lay the foundations of a strong relationship between mother and child. Thus the baby acquires a basic trust, essential for the development of his personality.

Breast milk

It is well known that breast milk is the best food for the baby.
Representations of breastfeeding mothers, dating back thousands of years ago, show the importance of this natural diet since time immemorial.

Today, we obviously have very precise information about the nutrients and substances in breast milk, particularly those that protect the child from infections and allergies in part.

Breast milk production

Lactiferous glands located in the posterior part of the breast that produce white juice transported through the channels to nipples. The hormone (oxytocin) is responsible for triggering the transport of milk. This hormone is secreted when the child is put in, sometimes when you already feel its presence or smell, or when you hear it. Near the nipples, milk ducts leading milk in the bulbs, so small reservoirs. They dump their contents into the baby's mouth under the pressure of his jaw movements.

Milk production starts already in late pregnancy but in moderation. A significant increase in production occurs by cons when changing hormone occurring at birth, that is to say, with the production of the hormone prolactin. If the child is placed within the mummy from its very dawn of life, breast milk production will go smoothly and progressively without a sharp rise in milk often observed when the latching of the baby is late.

The amount of milk produced depends on the child's needs. Children who suck vigorously and regularly cause increased production of milk.

This production is also favored when feedings are frequent and the child empty the breasts well. Thus the demand which regulates the offer!

How does the love between you and your baby?

2012-09-15T17:41:00.000+01:00

The preschoolers and school age: a more complex love

The attachment between parent and child is certainly one of the strongest feelings that can be felt. Other links, love or friendship can end up breaking, but that between you and your child is for life.

The love you feel for your child is not an intellectual or cultural - is a fundamental part of your being. Whether you are a mother or father, adoptive parent or stepparent, you are somehow "programmed" to create bonds of attachment with your child, who is willing to attach themselves to you in return.

Over the years, scientists and child development experts have discovered some fascinating details about the connection between parents and their children. Their findings help explain why babies are so captivating and deeply why we love our children, they just arrived in the world or they leave home. It is true that the link changes over time but its importance remains intact.

Pregnancy: the great love before the meeting

Do not be surprised if you are completely crazy about your baby even if you have not yet met. Expectant parents are often faced with a mix of emotions and anticipation before the birth - and these feelings may set the stage to the relationship you develop with your child.

If you are pregnant, maternal hormones, very powerful, also set for you this very special connection to your child. It intensifies throughout pregnancy.

When you approach your due date, your brain releases of oxytocin. This hormone helps your maternal maternal instinct to flourish. Also known as the "love hormone", oxytocin has become a subject of scientific interest in recent years. Studies on animals show that oxytocin plays a role in the interactions between individuals: it is in the education of young people to long-term relationships. For example, we know that animals do not produce oxytocin are unaware of their scope and change partners in all seasons. Species that produce this hormone tend to create lasting bonds with their young. When your body begins to produce oxytocin, it's almost as if the love was circulating in your veins.

Your baby is also developing a special bond with you, even before his birth. Studies show that its heart beats a little faster at the sound of your voice. In fact, your voice is something fundamental for him over the years to come, it will have the power to excite or to soothe him.

If you are a father, the second parent in a gay couple or an adoptive parent, you will not live this sudden dose of hormones or physical proximity to your child in the making. But do not worry: the bond with your child will not suffer.

Babies and older children have the ability to create bonds of attachment with all the people who are caring and responsive to its physical and emotional needs. The attachment theory is defined as the relationship between a person giving a sense of security and support to another person, regardless of their ages. This is a psychological principle that governs all human relationships. People never lose that skill or ability to make connections, it is never too late to bind to a child.

You and Your Baby: a thunderbolt

Gradually, as in labor progresses, the flow of oxytocin in your brain turns into a torrent. This hormone is responsible, among other things, contraction and the rise of breast milk that helps. In fact, oxytocin is so efficient that it uses a hormone similar (but synthetic) when you have to induce labor.

As a new mom, you will literally inundated with oxytocin when you hold your child at last. This hormone can even make you forget your state of extreme fatigue and pain of contractions at home, rather it generates a feeling of euphoria and intense love.

Mother Nature also affects new fathers: they are receiving high doses of oxytocin when they see their child for the first time. They are often invaded by unexpected emotions in the delivery room - which gives rise to scenes very touching, let's face it.

New fathers experience other significant biological changes. A Canadian study in 2001 showed that the testosterone levels of men tends to plummet in the months following the birth of their offspring. Even more intriguing, some fathers produce a little more estrogen, a hormone feminine: some experts believe that this hormone causes the brain to be more sensitive to oxytocin, making new dads more affectionate and attentive.

Oxytocin is not the only chemical change to occur.

Dopamine, the main component of the pleasure chemical in the brain, also plays an important role in the creation of attachment. While you're rocking, cuddling or feeding your child, you receive an overdose of this substance exhilarating - and not only you but also your baby.

While you are "love junkie" by dopamine, your baby begins to emotionally attach to you. In 2004, Italian researchers have made this observation by studying baby mice. The baby mice that could not feel the effects of dopamine were little or not affected by the absence of their mother. This is one of the most fundamental discoveries in regard to the role of dopamine on the mother-child bonds.

Adoptive parents are also invaded by beneficent oxytocin and dopamine when they are with their children. And they, like all children who have healthy relationships with those who care for them, receive massive doses of dopamine when they spend time with their parents.

Did you know that dopamine is also the source of the feeling of well-being caused by some exciting hard drugs like heroin or cocaine? Indeed, it is exactly this feeling that the drug research: that which in reality arises naturally between parent and child ...

And if I do not fall in love with my baby on the field?

Approximately 30% of mothers do not feel an absolute love for their newborn immediately after birth. This may be due to a difficult birth or, in a newborn who does not meet the expectations that we had done. Disappointment, stress and burnout are sufficient to block the effects of the hormone of love ... temporarily. The vast majority of parents will work to their children in the first months of existence.

If you can not take your baby in your arms immediately after birth, do not worry. There is not a "window of opportunity" for that attachment takes place. Adoptive parents, parents of premature babies, mothers who have experienced complications and those who can spend time with their newborns immediately after birth will have enough time in the future, falling in love.

However, premature infants who must spend days or weeks in an incubator have every incentive to see their parents regularly. Insist on taking your baby and paste, as soon as possible after birth, and as often as possible thereafter. This contact is good for you - and your premature baby. Recent studies have shown that skin to skin contact, also called the kangaroo, is the best cure for premature babies.

Contact with the father is just as important (and equally comforting) than with the mother. The attention paid by the father to his child has important and lasting effects on the child. If you had a cesarean section and you can take your baby after acouchement, leave as much room as possible to your partner. A study conducted in 2007 showed that skin to skin contact between father and baby reduces crying and encourages the child to sleep well for his first nap.

Love grows with time - that's right for you and your baby. If you spend time together during his first hour of awakening, it is quite possible that your baby looks at you straight in the eye: he will try to watch you to save your face or at least, to get an idea of your features . Later, his first smiles were the order (unconscious) to seduce you and strengthen the attachment relationship. A 2008 study showed that when a mother looks at a picture of her smiling child, some areas of his brain associated with happiness and pleasure, are activated.

Only about seven or eight months that your child will develop strong emotional ties to you and to other significant people in his life.

Your child will have an affection for all those who take it when he cries or that feed when hungry. He will miss you when you leave the field of view. And it will be very happy when you come into the room. This love he feels at that moment is the strongest feeling that he is able to experiment.

Remember that it is impossible to spoil a child by giving him too much love, attention or affection. When you comfort your baby, you build a relationship of trust and love - this relationship will grow and harden over time and will last a lifetime.

Toddlers: seizures, signs of affection?

Your baby has grown and it is not quite a baby. The attachment bond between you is even stronger. He loves you even if he attacks, he's crying and rolling on the ground. In fact, these behaviors are a proof of love (yes!).

The crises of your child, also called "tantrums" are like the quarrels between two lovers: they are only possible because you love. In other words, your child could be as much disappointed or angry if he did not love you deeply.

Your young child may experience a rich range of emotions (besides, if you spend 15 minutes with him at the supermarket, you will surely entitled to some of them ...). But he can vriament understand the concept of love. Toddlers often leave words as they see fit. They tell you they love you, yes, but they also love their books, their toys, their third favorite kind of cereal ...

Still, do not worry about your place in the universe of your child. He is quite aware of your importance. When he needs it or the console that looks after him, not to a book or toy that will turn. It asks for help only to persons to whom they trust.

The preschoolers and school age: a more complex love

Your child gets older, to begin a little to hide some of his emotions. First, because of pressure from his countrymen, and then, because he realizes how much it can be exhausting.

That said, some children are still very affectionate and demonstrative. If instead, your child does not make you Snuggle soon as he is lucky, the signs of his love will still be very present. Some children say absolutely anything to their parents while others are more discreet. But as long as you are listening to, love will flow freely between you two.

Love demanding and fusion of the first year develops, grows rich and becomes more complex. Now your child can feel empathy for you and others, to begin to love yourself for who you are, not just because you take care of him.

The preschool children will love to go to sleep at their grandparents for a night, but soon they will want to come home. It was also during this period of development that your child looking more and more independence. That means it needs more than ever, your support and your love. The more your child feels safe, he will be more independent.

Your child is making efforts to break away, somehow, to you: he will gain independence, but he never breaks the bond of attachment between you. You have a unique connection that goes back to pregnancy, and this relationship has been nurtured by love, the memories ... and yes, hormones.

When you tighten your five year old child in your arms or you watch the play in the schoolyard, you still have a small surge of oxytocin, a sort of legacy of these early hours spent together. And when a father, a stepparent or adoptive parent embraces a little scraped knee or learning support lessons, they crystallize the attachment relationship for all years to come.

Hormones and Birth

2012-09-15T17:36:00.002+01:00

Oxytocin, prolactin and endorphins are three hormones required for delivery.

Oxytocin is the hormone responsible for uterine contractions. It is secreted by our pituitary gland. This is the hormone of love which is involved in reproductive stages. We also produce during sex, uterine contraction resulting enables sperm to move toward the egg. Oxytocin also during lactation milk ejection.

Prolactin is responsible for the production of milk by the mammary gland. More broadly, it encourages the behavior of mothering the new mother. Thus, the new mom wants to take care of her child, hug, meet their needs, etc..

Endorphins are natural protection against pain. They can cope with strong feelings of contractions during labor and childbirth. After birth, they are responsible for a profound well-being for mother and child, which promotes a good mother-child bond.

These hormones are all secreted during childbirth physiological, when the mother feels comfortable enough. An intimate, subdued lighting, the familiar faces and a known place of delivery are in favor of respect for physiology. Otherwise, when the mother does not feel safe or when the stimuli are too strong (bright lights, lyrics, back and forth, frequently changing places, etc ...) these hormones are not secreted properly and 'maternal body produce adrenaline. The stress hormone play a role in adverse birth process. The work will be slowed, uterine contractions will be felt most painful and yet they will be less effective at work.

This scheme is one explanation is that epidural analgesia is increasingly widespread. Indeed, motherhood, between rooms pre-work and work, the different health professionals, the unknown material and the light of operating lights, expectant mothers are not in best conditions for a physiological process of childbirth. The pain of contractions is often increased by fear. Analgesia will then allow them to relax and work will continue at the rate of infusion of artificial oxytocin.

We tend to conceal certain aspects of epidural analgesia. Of course, it is of interest in many situations (artificial triggers labor, maternal specific pathologies ...) but this is not the case for most low-risk deliveries. In his situation, epidural analgesia will have as much if not more negative effects it has no advantage. Epidural, the woman tends to remain motionless, lying on her back, the work loses its dynamism and commitment of the fetus in the basin is not easy. In most cases, we use an infusion of artificial oxytocin to direct the work and allow the contractions to be effective.

Statistically, medical interventions are more numerous, such as instrumental deliveries, episiotomies and cesarean sections. For the child, the consequences were highlighted at the suction. The sucking reflex is reduced during the first feedings to children born in childbirth with an epidural.
Birth naturally in hospital structure is not simple. As conditions of medical safety can prevent many complications, they have the disadvantage of not creating an ideal environment for low-risk deliveries especially as midwives are not sufficient in number to one coaching.

FEMALE HORMONES

2012-09-15T17:34:00.003+01:00

One of the stereotypical views of women portrayed us all as creatures thank you to our hormones. Our hormones undoubtedly have a huge influence on our lives, but there is no reason for that were to become slaves. The more we understand how hormones can affect the female body, mind and emotions, the better we will be able to minimize the negative effects and enhance positive effects.

Infancy

Although we tend to think that hormones occur at puberty, they affect our bodies from earliest childhood. Newborn babies, girls as well as boys, have breasts slightly swollen, sometimes with small flow of milk because of the female hormone estrogen, which is transmitted from mother to child through the placenta and stimulates breast development of the baby. This usually disappears after a few weeks but in babies girls that push the breasts may reappear in the first two years this time because of the hormones the baby himself. This swelling of the breasts can come and go several times over the months or years and eventually disappear during childhood.

Puberty

At puberty, hormones will start to produce major changes and lasting body of the girl. Her breasts will grow up and take the shape of the breasts of an adult woman. She'll see you grow hair pubic and axillary and a significant growth spurt will occur. Finally the rules will begin around the time that its growth will slow. From beginning to end, puberty usually takes four years. It is not surprising that some girls find it difficult to adapt to their changing bodies, their new sexuality, fertility and some emotional turbulence as they pass from childhood to adolescence.

All necessary mechanisms to cross puberty are present at birth but the body keeps them off for years. At some point, the mechanism that prevents the start of puberty starts and hormones which have so far held in check can begin to exert their influence on the body. Part of the brain called the hypothalamus starts to release hormones spurts about every 90 minutes which stimulates the pituitary gland (also in the brain) to produce luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH) which, in turn, trigger the production of other hormones by the ovaries.

Female sex hormones

The most important hormones produced by the ovaries are known as female sex hormones (sex steroids) and the two main ones are estrogen and progesterone. The ovaries also produce somewhat of male hormone, testosterone. During puberty, estrogen stimulates breast development and maturation causes the vagina, uterus (womb) and fallopian tubes (egg cells that lead to the matrix). Estrogen also plays a role in the growth spurt and alters the distribution of fat in the girls' bodies, so that, typically, more is deposited in the side of the hips, buttocks and thighs. Testosterone contributes to the growth of muscles and bones.

From puberty, LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone play a vital role in regulating the menstrual cycle of women and the resulting rules. Each individual hormone to its own pattern of operation, rising and falling at different points in the cycle but together they produce a chain of events all to predictable. An egg (among hundreds of thousands in each ovary) becomes "ripe" and is released from the ovary to begin its migration through the fallopian tubes toward the uterus. If the egg is not fertilized, the levels of estrogen and progesterone produced by the ovaries begin to fall. Without the action of these hormones, the inner wall of the matrix which is filled with blood is removed and comes off, resulting in the rules.

Pregnancy

If the egg released from the ovary is fertilized and a pregnancy ensues, the woman's hormones change dramatically. The regular fall of estrogen and progesterone at the end of the menstrual cycle does not occur and there are no rules. A new hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced by the placenta during development stimulates the ovaries to produce more estrogen and progesterone that is needed to maintain pregnancy. Most pregnancy tests are designed to detect hCG in urine, and many of these tests are able to detect even tiny amounts a day or two after the cessation of menses.

By the fourth month, the placenta takes over the ovaries to become the largest producer of estrogen and progesterone. These are hormones thicken the lining of the womb, increasing the volume of circulating blood (mainly to feed the matrix and breasts) and relax the muscles of the matrix to make room for the baby grows. When the birth approaches, other hormones are involved who are contracting the matrix during and after labor and stimulate milk production by the breasts.

After childbirth

After the birth of the child, what happens then? Levels levels of estrogen, progesterone and other hormones drop rapidly, which leads to a number of physical changes. The matrix shrinks to its pre-pregnant size, pelvic muscle tone and resume the volume of circulating blood returns to normal. These sudden changes in hormone levels may also play a role in postpartum depression. It may be that some women are more easily affected than others by these hormonal fluctuations.

About hormonal fluctuations, although they have been studied for many years, we still do not know if they are responsible for a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms we call PMS (premenstrual syndrome) . Nobody doubts the fact that some women experience breast tenderness, bloating, irritability, depression and other symptoms at the approach of their rules but these effects are due to hormonal fluctuations, changes chemicals in the brain, problems of social background or emotional or a combination of these factors is controversial.

The Menopause

The hormonal changes following matters to women, occurs in the final rules: menopause. Over the 3-5 years leading to menopause in women, the functioning of her ovaries begins to deteriorate. This makes her menstrual cycles shorten or lengthen or become erratic sometimes. The rules may become more abundant or less abundant on the contrary. Then eventually the ovaries produce so little estrogen that the lining of the womb thickens more and do so that there is simultaneously more rules.

During the greater part of the life of a woman, estrogen helps protect the heart and bones and also help maintain healthy breasts, uterus, vagina and bladder. Marked loss of estrogen around menopause and thereafter may therefore have negative effects on her health and that can both cause uncomfortable symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats and lack of estrogen may increase the risk of heart disease and bone problems like osteoporosis. There are still other problems such as vaginal dryness, discomfort during intercourse, recurrent urinary tract infections and incontinence. Menopause can also contribute to depression, irritability and poor concentration that some menopausal women experience. But menopause is not to be a disastrous period for women: if the decrease in hormones causes unpleasant symptoms, treatments such as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is often effective. The HTR and other types of medications can also be used to prevent certain health problems especially if the woman has an increased future risk of osteoporosis or heart disease.

THE MOTHER AFTER CHILDBIRTH

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After delivery, you must be very careful about your personal hygiene. For your toilet you will have a neutral pH soap (buy it before entering the clinic or hospital). It is good to make a toilet after each urination (if you go very often: every two times).

Trenches

These contractions who maintain the uterus.

The trenches are relatively painless for a first child, they become more intense when it comes to a second or third child. If the mother starts to breastfeed her baby, the contractions are stronger, and the uterus shrinks faster. After 2 days, the uterus will have the size of a grapefruit. Then, the uterus involutes of a centimeter a day. After about 15 days, it is no longer palpable.

The vagina takes several weeks to recover its initial shape. It regains its tone through the rehabilitation of the perineum. As has been extensively irrigated in estrogen during pregnancy, it is found deficient after birth, so it is possible to experience vaginal dryness or burning sensation (feel free to use a lubricant when you recommence to have sex).

If you had an episiotomy

It will take you to do your personal hygiene yourself, several times a day, even if you made 2 times a day. Indeed the stitches are placed in a location that is at that time still wet. Now, to heal well, it must be dry as often as possible.

After soaped and rinsed, it must be dry. By blotting with paper, or a hair dryer which is very handy for this but be careful if you have hemorrhoids because they do not like the heat and in this case it is best avoided.

Some school tell you to put on the eosin your points, it helps dry them well. All do not use it.

If you have not had an episiotomy

It is not required to do as many restrooms, but it is still recommended to do regularly to stay clean. Often you will have what are known as galling, they are not tears but small wounds made by the passage of the baby's head and rubbing against your tissues. They heal very well but can sometimes cause small burns during urination, do not worry it will all go very quickly.

The lochia

In general, these losses will be monitored regularly by the midwife who will verify their color and smell to detect any possible infection. Do not rush to throw your napkin in the trash when it arrives as it will be forced to pick her up (ask the midwife on its first pass).

Your losses will be for 2 to 3 days red and more abundant than the rules then they will become pink and then brown until it disappears after some time, this varies greatly women (seven to ten days on average, but this may drag on for several weeks).

Fatigue

After delivery, you'll be exhausted and it is normal! You spent a lot of energy.

Moreover, after the baby is born, you'll have trouble sleeping: the baby will not sleep through the night, and visits will tire you.

Advice: do not hesitate to entrust your baby to the nursery for the night if you feel this will help you relax. Ask your spouse to ensure that visits from family and friends are not too long, and ask them not to come too many at once (you can also ask the midwives to screen visitors) . Pick up the phone when you want to rest.

Constipation

You may be constipated for 2 to 3 days after delivery. Eventually, the midwife will give you something to help.

Note: any stitches from an episiotomy can have that you should not stop you from going to the bathroom, they will not release during a flare.

Hemorrhoids

It is very common to have after giving birth because the thrust force for the expulsion bring them out, especially in ordinary times you. For those who have never been, know that they do not always come out.

It's not pleasant and you will be given in puerperium what the cure: a cream or tablets depending on the size of them. Hemorrhoids are caused by a blood circulation problem. This is why sometimes when they are important they give you pills for blood circulation.

Do not worry, they always leave.

The return of menses

Called menarche and after childbirth.

Sometimes there is a mini menses two weeks after giving birth, do not worry this is quite common.

If you do not breastfeed your menses will usually in the month following the birth of your baby.

If you are breastfeeding, it will be later. If you breastfeed 100%, it may occur many months after birth (but not systematic).

Consider talking with your gynecologist contraception clinic, or one who follows you. Attention, breastfeeding is not an effective contraceptive.

Abs

You'll have to wait a few months before the rebuild. Indeed, it must first consolidate your perineum by perineal if your doctor considers it necessary, before you consider doing abdominal exercises. Do not touch it for at least two to three months after the birth of your baby.

Baby blues

It is quite common though one says and it is quite normal to feel a moment of postpartum blues. It is often due to the fall of hormones, and the fact that you will have to get used to what your baby is with you and not you. Fatigue still present after childbirth does not help matters. And always smile because it is supposed to be happy after the birth of her child when she is tired, it's not always easy.

But know that it exists does not mean that they must be provided moping. We must think of rest and if it really is not going to talk to caregivers, they can help you.

Some schools organize meetings for mothers after birth, so you can ask questions to midwives and nurses. Feel free to enjoy.

Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth month of the baby

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Third month of your baby

3 month old baby, health of mother: You have stretched your maternity leave with a few days off but you will soon have to resume your work and you feel psychologically fragile ...

3 month old baby, development: Your baby leaves the newborn stage. The days of your baby are organized. His meals are more structured, he sleeps a little less (about 18h) ...

3 month old baby, advice: It's time to think about food diversification. Around 4-5 months, your child will move more and more energy. Its food needs are changing ...

Fourth month of your baby

4 month old baby, health of mother: Your baby does not have that fragility of the infant requiring much time and attention. This allows you to think more about you ... and your man ...

4 month old baby, development: Your baby has made considerable progress: it really looks more like a newborn. He has grown up: a four months, it will weigh on average 6.4 kg and measured 62 cm ...

4 month old, advice: Contrary to their name, baby swimming classes do not teach your child to swim. But, great virtue, they introduced him to the pleasure of water ...

Fifth month of your baby

5 month old baby, health of mother: If you are not breastfeeding or more, you can start a diet soon enough after birth. The pounds will not have time to install if you attack them quickly! But beware:> Take it easy ...

5 month old baby, development: The world opens up for him! Your baby is becoming more comfortable in new positions. It's exciting and frustrating at the same time as your baby can not always do what he wants ...

5 month old baby, advice: Your baby is old enough to have a blanket beside him in bed. This is by no means an obligation of course and some children have never ...

Sixth month of your baby

6 month old baby, health of mother: To erase cellulite and tone the areas most affected by pregnancy (abdomen, hips, buttocks and thighs), gymnastics is your ally. Even after getting your ideal weight ...

6 month old baby, Development: By perfecting his gestures, your baby discovers the power it can exert on things. Any new movement is passionate about (moving cars, a figure that moves ...) ...

6 month old baby, advice: Your baby moves a lot. His sitting balance is still precarious. Some walk on 4 legs and want to carry everything in their mouths. It's time to secure the whole house ...

Second month of the baby: Weeks 5, 6, 7, 8

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Fifth week of your baby

Week 5, Health Mom: Breastfeeding or not, make sure your diet. Do not try to go on a diet now because we are never in great shape a few weeks after giving birth ...

Week 5, Baby: Your baby is still a continuation of your being, you are in total symbiosis with him and that's normal. He begins to smile. He now prefers ...

Week 5, tips: It's a good time to start composing and writing the invitations. The traditional view is that there indicates the baby's name and weight. Of course, do not forget to write your contact ...

Sixth week of your baby

Week 6, Health Mom: It is called "back layer" the onset of menstruation after childbirth. Immediately after birth, brownish discharge, called lochia, appear ...

Week 6, baby: His first smile which was not known if they were big smiles reflexes become intentional. It's a way to meet your demands, it is a genuine dialogue ...

Week 6, tips: The bottle at night usually the bottle at night is no longer necessary. Your baby should do real nights without being awakened by hunger ...

Seventh week of your baby

Week 7, Health Mom: A second visit to your gynecologist is between 6 and 8 weeks. Your uterus is slowly regaining its original size. It's time to start pelvic floor muscle training ...

Week 7: baby - your baby's gestures are more accurate. His hands open gradually. He sucks his fist and spends much time looking at his hand. If an object attracts him, he reaches out toward him but he can not keep ...

Week 7 tips: Go to the next stage of your fitness by taking care of your body. The diagnosis is usually severe: distended skin, stretch marks ...

Eighth week of your baby

Week 8, Health Mom: If you have pain or problems when urinating, talk to your doctor. It is not uncommon to suffer from urinary incontinence after childbirth ...

Week 8, Baby: Your baby can now clearly see and track objects that surround it. That it is a valuable aid in the perception of what is happening around him and where he is ...

Week 8, advice: If your baby cries and you talk to him, soon stops. Your baby needs someone to play with him! Boredom is also a cause for tears, do not forget it! Your baby loves contact and let you know ...

Baby's first months: Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4

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First week of your baby

1 week, health Mom: After delivery, first aid cover proper healing of the episiotomy, if you had one. Be sure to clean and dry the scar every time you go to the bathroom ...

1 week, baby: Your baby is crying, a sign that all is well. The respiratory, blood, heart start up immediately. The umbilical cord is cut, sometimes by the father and the baby is placed against you ...

1 week, tips: Natural Childbirth or cesarean, you will be tired. The priority is to relax. A good way is to reduce the number of visits to sleep and recover faster ...

Second week of your baby

Week 2, Health Mom: You have decided to breastfeed, but you have problems? Do not give up either. It is not uncommon to know crevices, or engorgement breastfeeding painful ...

Week 2, Baby: You will find that your baby is doing everything to be in contact with you. By skin to skin, your smell, your voice, through breastfeeding possible, you contact him ...

Week 2, tips: As from 70 to 80% of new mothers, you may suffer from a very legitimate baby blues. It results in uncontrolled crying, mood swings, feelings of loneliness ...

Third week of your baby

Week 3, Health Mom: If you want to resume sexual intercourse before the rules were resurfaced, you should use a contraceptive. Better to not leave anything to chance, and enjoy your stay ...

Week 3, Baby: This weekend, your baby has taken his birth weight. Its growth rate corresponds to a weight gain of about 105 to 210 grams a week until the age of 4 months ...

Week 3 tips: Aged almost a month, your baby is big enough to do real walks outside. This is the time to learn to portage. Here are some tips to optimize porting of your child ...

Fourth week of your baby

Week 4 Mum Health: To resume physical activity and slowly acclimate your baby to the outside world, made a long walk daily. Your perineum has been weakened ...

4 week, Baby: You may have noticed: he cries often. This is normal because the cries are its chief means of communication with you. 5 call types were identified: the hunger ...

Week 4 tips: To limit the spleen of the baby at dusk, it is important to reassure him. Depending on your baby, you will manage to calm him either talking softly or singing lullabies or rocking him in her arms ...

First weeks with baby

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That's it! Baby has arrived! We must now take care. For guidance, we present a summary of what to do.

From birth, the doctor will undertake a series of checking vital signs of your baby to check her breathing, heart rate, color of his skin, his reactions to stimuli and its various movements.

This test, called the test APGAR index, is denoted by numbers between 0 and 10. Most babies have a score between 7 and 10. The test is again 5 minutes later to verify the first result. Sometimes the latter is significantly improved.

The homecoming

The first few days after returning home with baby are often synonymous with confusion and upheaval. Even if you had the impression of being prepared for a little while already, you soon find that your knowledge and abilities will be tested.

The first weeks of life with baby will immerse you in a wave of emotions as varied and intense. Within a few days, you will go from being a childless woman than mother who discovers a wonderful little creature! Although it is probably very quiet during the first days, you will feel upside internally by all the efforts that demand this new learning.

And even if you factor in the superhuman effort that requires a birth, you will understand that the baby lives one of the greatest trauma of his life. Do not be too tough with yourself and allow yourself time to adjust. Your new situation become parents is being hatched!

If this is your first child, you have everything to learn: how to feed, hold your arms in order to be comfortable, how to groom him, understand his crying, etc..

Its size and weight

If baby was born at term, between the 37th and 42nd week of pregnancy, it will measure an average of 45 to 55 cm, the equivalent of 18 to 21 inches, and weight may vary between 2500 and 4300 gr gr (5 to 9 pounds).

Babies may lose weight during the first days of life, it is quite normal. Generally, they lose 5 to 10% of their initial weight. Considered normal, the loss is caused by the shock of birth and by small quantities of milk consumed. Rest assured, he will take the weight he had at birth between the 8th and 15th day.

His skin

At birth, baby can have pink skin and a little purple or dark depending on its origins. Often paler, his hands and feet may stay bluish even nearly 48 hours after birth. We must allow time for his body to regulate its temperature. However, if his skin has a more mottled color, it should disappear when the thermostat inside has regained its equilibrium.

You will quickly notice that your baby's skin is incredibly soft. Sometimes smooth and transparent in some places, it even lets see its network of blood vessels. Creased and wrinkled even more in other places, the skin may begin to peel.

At the time of birth, your baby's skin is covered with the same white coating which served as protection inside the womb. This substance will be absorbed by the skin during the hours and days to come.

Some babies are born also with a light down covering their skin (lanugo) and disappears during the first weeks of life.

Jaundice

Jaundice usually occurs in a term baby. Making its appearance 2-3 days after birth, baby's skin will turn yellow and the color will grow more and more as the hours. Commonly known as physiological jaundice of the newborn (or neonatal jaundice), affecting approximately 60% of children born to healthy term and 80% of premature infants. It reaches its maximum intensity after 3 or 4 days and disappears after a week. However, it can last almost a week in premature infants.

Jaundice is caused by a large accumulation of pigments in the blood called bilirubin orange. These pigments are the normal result of the destruction of old red blood cells improperly disposed of by the liver that can not perform his full work because of his immaturity. These same pigments can also be removed in the baby's stool.