4x4 offroad

10 out of 10 for 4x4s

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Tue, 15 Nov 2016 03:05:00 +0000

Specialising in the sale, service and maintenance of luxury commercial vehicles and light commercials, Blanchardstown 4x4 is also a main Isuzu and LDV dealer. We caught up with Robert Dempsey to find out more about this exceptional family business, which he established alongside his father, Pat, in 2000.
Think commercial vehicles; think Blanchardstown 4x4. With nationwide reach and, indeed, catering to a global market, the Dublin 15 based, family-run business is known far and wide for its excellence in all things pertaining to 4x4s and light commercials.

Proprietors / directors Pat and Robert Dempsey are the driving forces behind the business. The father-and-son team make for a winning combination, each possessing boundless energy, passion, experience and enthusiasm for 4x4s and light commercial vehicles, a market in which they have become recognised leaders at home and abroad!

A full range of services in provided, including sales, service, maintenance, conversions and repairs. Through its thorough professionalism and dependability, the company has carved a unique niche for itself in the nation’s collective consciousness over the past 15 years.

“Myself and Pat started it off in 2000,” reflects Robert, in between taking a few phone calls from customers (they always come first!). “My dad is 72 now and has been in the motor business for over 50 years, having worked for ‘Pino’ Harris for 30 of those.

“Commercials and 4x4s are our bread and butter and we have the main dealerships for both Isuzu and LDV.” The new Isuzu D-Max is proving especially popular, while the entire range of smaller trucks is also stocked, complemented by a complete parts and back-up service.

“We’re also an independent Land Rover service centre. [Blanchardstown 4x4 have an outstanding knowledge of the Land Rover marque, which is unrivalled anywhere in Ireland.] We’d be known for sourcing and selling a lot of jeeps etc. and we also sell a number of high-end cars, which we export worldwide.”

The international market was tapped into in response to the economic downturn. “During the recession we started to export to Africa, Australia, the UK, Thailand, and anywhere where there was right-hand drive,” Robert notes. “We found our way into the world market for second-hand Range Rovers, jeeps and high-end cars.

“However, we’ve been focussing back on the domestic market again more recently and things have really started to take off again. As we have great contacts, we can get our customers good finance packages in a matter of minutes. Our lending partners are all open for business and are very flexible.”

From their state-of-the-art, SIMI-registered garage, Blanchardstown 4x4 offer a full service on all makes of 4x4s and light commercials. Each service is carried out according to manufacturer specifications and all work is guaranteed. Professional commercial conversions are completed on-site to the highest standard, including vehicle registration and number plate fitting.

The range of services provided includes full service, dealer-level advanced engine diagnostics, crash repairs, 24/7 breakdown recovery, tyre sales and fitting, oil changes and battery replacement, engine performance and repair, while Blanchardstown 4x4 are also specialists in electrical/electronic, steering and suspension, safety, heating, air-conditioning and exhaust systems.

Although they have only recently taken on the dealership, Blanchardstown 4x4 have already established themselves as Ireland’s largest seller of LDV vans.
Boasting a fully-equipped Land Rover workshop with two fully-fledged Land Rover mechanics (trained in the UK factory where the vehicles are built!), they are also Ireland’s No.1 Land Rover service centre. The business is performing exceptionally well across the board and expansion is imminent:

“We have a new greenfield site bought and we will move into new premises a ten-minute drive from our current base in about 18 months,” Robert reveals. At present, gainful employment is generated for a team of eleven, including three in the workshop and two in sales.

Providing a keen personal touch and a superb range of products and services at affordable prices, Blanchardstown 4x4 has always been a customer-orientated business first and foremost. Regarding the secret of their success over the past decade-and-a-half, Robert states:

“Hard work has been the key and it wouldn’t be at all unusual for us to stay on here until 10pm. You have to source top-quality vehicles and then you need to find people to buy those vehicles. We work very hard and provide a very good service, with excellent back-up, including courtesy vehicles for our customers. We have two courtesy vehicles here for our customers to use while their own are getting serviced etc. It might seem like a small thing but it’s those small things that add up and make a big difference to customers. You have to accommodate them and that’s what we’ve strived to do since we first opened our doors.”

With a magnificent range of 4x4s and light commercial vehicles; a full range of back-up services; the best commercial vehicle garage staff in the country; and knowledgeable, customer-focussed directors in Pat and Robert Dempsey, is it any wonder that Blanchardstown 4x4 is widely recognised as the best in their chosen business?

The Land Rover Discovery 4 Named Best Luxury 4x4

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Thu, 10 Mar 2011 14:17:00 +0000

The supremely versatile seven-seat Land Rover Discovery 4 features a powerful and highly efficient TDV6 3.0 litre diesel engine, fresh exterior identity and a premium cabin. The latest technologies such as Terrain Response offer class-leading dynamics both on and off-road.

The CarBuyer awards judging panel reviewed and rated every new model on sale, focusing on performance, safety, running costs, mpg and overall customer satisfaction and reliability. The Land Rover Discovery was a runaway success as Dan Strong, editor, commented: "Our panel of judges was blown away by the Land Rover's ability to turn its hand to anything. The Discovery 4 takes everything from muddy fields to posh hotel car parks in its stride - and everything in between. Its huge boot, punchy diesel engine and spacious seven-seat cabin tick almost every box."

"Is it an off-roader? Is it an MPV? Or is it a luxury car? Yes, yes and yes, because the Discovery 4 is a car with many talents. It is unbeatable off-road and refined and comfortable on it, while few purpose-built people carriers offer so much interior space and flexibility. The allure of the Land Rover badge and high quality cabin take care of the rest."

The award was presented to Dr Ralf Speth, chief executive officer Jaguar Land Rover, Gerry McGovern, design director and John Edwards global brand director, Land Rover at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show.

The Land Rover Discovery first went on-sale in 1989 and has received over 150 awards from all over the world. The Land Rover Discovery 4 has won awards including, in the UK, 4x4 Magazine's Car of the Year and the Scottish Car of the Year, internationally, the Best 4x4 for Spain's Car and Driver, Best Annual SUV for Autocar in China and All-Round SUV of the Year for Bloomberg's USA.

Prices in the UK start from £36,745 on the road.

Team Land Rover Philippines excels in China-Sanya Int’l Off-road 4x4 Challenge

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 08:01:00 +0000

Team Land Rover Philippines fought valiantly to become the champion in the electric winch category in the inaugural China-Sanya International Off-road 4x4 challenge held last Sept. 19 to 23. Team Land Rover Philippines was powered by veteran off-roaders Hilario “Larry” Mendiola (driver) and Sergio “Atoy” Jamilla (co-driver/winchman).

Team Land Rover Philippines also won a special award called the “First Island Entry Award” given to the first foreign team to make it into Sanya and placed fifth in the overall category. Known as the F-1 of off-roading, this is one of the most treacherous 4x4 races in the world.

Of 40 competitors, only 13 vehicles were left able to enter the forest in what they call the transport stage: only two vehicles came out – the Philippines being the first showing the real world expertise and superior ability of our Filipino competitors and the competition vehicle: a lightly modified production class Land Rover Defender 90.

In summary, 40 teams from Europe and Asia registered for the event, 33 finished the Prologue Special Stage, 22 reached the Bao Long Mountains base camp, 13 vehicles were deemed capable of to join the Adventure Route and only the Philippine and Malaysian team made it through to camp 3.

Because of the severity of the conditions of the Adventure Route, it was named the “Twilight Zone” Stage, providing the most punishing conditions, not just because of the ferocious rain storms but of the sheer number of leeches as well. It was so rough that the last day of racing was cancelled and vehicles were being rescued up to four weeks after the race.

“Team Land Rover Philippines” will join the Rainforest Challenge 2009 Malaysia on Dec. 5 to 14 to be held at Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

Land Rover RP team aims for off-road top spot

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 08:08:00 +0000

MANILA - After finishing fifth overall in the recently-concluded China-Sanya 4x4 International Off-road Challenge, Team Land Rover Philippines is setting its sights on greater heights.

“We’re planning to top again… we’re going for No. 1,” Marc Soong, executive director of Land Rover Philippines Motors, Inc., told abs-cbnNEWS.com.

Soong said Team Land Rover Philippines will aim for the top spot when it competes at the Rainforest Challenge (RFC) 2009 in Malaysia on December.

The team finished fifth with 2,520 points in the China-Sanya Challenge held last Sept. 19 to 23. The event drew 40 teams from Asia and Europe.

Team Malaysia topped the 4x4 challenge (2,946 points), followed by Hong Kong (2,720 points), China (2,593 points), and another team from China (2,547 points).

The RP team, in addition, was the overall champion in the "Electric Winch Category" with 2,250 points. They bested teams from Sri Lanka, China, Poland, Lebanon, Russia and Great Britain.

Driver Larry Mendiola and co-driver Atoy Jamila went throught 4 special stages (SS) in the jungle where they had to use winch power, the right tactics, strategy, skills and a well-prepared 4x4 machine, a Land Rover statement explained.

They won the "Elecric Winch Category" after having "taken full advantage of the power of the winch." An electric winch is used to pull a 4x4 from a ditch or any other problematic area that the vehicle encounters during competition.

It also won the “First Island Entry Award.” The special award is given to the first foreign team that reached Sanya, China.

More extreme

Mendiola and Jamila said they spent two days in the prologue stage and three days in the jungle.

“Mahirap talaga doon… ikaw bahala paano mailulusot ang sasakyan,” said Mendiola, who has been involved in off-road racing since 1995.

Mendiola received the “Driver of the Year – 4x4 Category” from the Automobile Association of the Philippines in 1996, 1999, 2001 and 2004.

Jamila, who has been into off-road racing since 2000, has competed thrice in the RFC in 2000, 2005 and 2006.

Meanwhile, Soong also mentioned that Team Land Rover Philippines will be using a different car for the Malaysian competition.

He said the change is due to the fact that they are going for “a little more extreme.”

Soong revealed that Mendiola and Jamila used his personal car in the China-Sanya Challenge.

General Guide to Competitor Teams (COMPULSORY READING)

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 01:10:00 +0000

1. Location, timing and fellowship of different nationalities united in the passion for 4x4. An extraordinary group of adventurers pitting their skills in off-roading and recovery in an extraordinary terrain and in an extraordinary season – the monsoon!!

2. The route chosen is different year by year. The trails follow existing or disused logging trails that are usually no wider than the vehicles, and the event is at the mercy of Mother Nature. When it rains, it pours! The rivers can rise rapidly (2-3 metres per hour is common), and this in turn leads to major flooding. Such conditions can contribute to altering the schedule and sometimes the route. Changes to the itinerary are, thus, frequent due to such climatic conditions. The sequence of events can happen rapidly. So be prepared for any changes. Even though you may not see or know what’s happening ahead, stay calm and cool under any circumstances. The organizing team will do the necessary rerouting and regrouping to keep the event going. All decisions taken will be for the overall good of the event and for all participants, even though they might not be satisfactory for your team. Remember that it’s one for all and all for one.

3. The first day’s action – the Prologue Special Stages is usually held on a site chosen near to the flag-off town and attracts crowds of spectators. This can continue into the afternoon of the second day. After that, the convoy will normally depart for a jungle campsite. Depending on the site available to the Course Designer, any natural and sustainable obstacles will be used along with an array of man-mad obstacles to create up to 6 competitive Special Stages (SS).

4. The competitors’ placing at the end of the prologue will be used as the starting order for the first day’s jungle SS. During the subsequent days, draws out of the hat are held to give random starting order for the rest of the SS. This will give a fair chance to everyone as the going gets tougher.

5. Once on route in the jungle, competitive SS are laid out whenever possible. Sometimes the SS laid out during the reconnaissance (recce) would be ‘taken over” by the jungle itself through natural means (erosion, flood and/or landslides). However, every effort is made to choose locations that are sustainable. The number of competitive vehicles and Mother Nature has a major influence on the number of SS.

6. The competition is fluid as it moves on from day to day incorporating SS along the route. The whole convoy will move and camp at different location each night. Occasionally we will have a base camp for two nights. This gives the competition Course Designer a chance to condense as many SS into one area (including some night SS).

7. There will be some parts of the route that only competition vehicles will use. All other vehicles, including support and press vehicles, will have to take an alternative route. Competitors and their support teams may spend one, two or more nights separated from each other. So all teams must be prepared for self-sufficiency in food and camping needs during such times.

8. As the event convoy moves along the jungle trails, the many obstacles will inevitably cause queuing and waiting for everyone. This waiting time can however be used constructively to sort out winching equipment, checking over mechanical items and even catching up on your meals and sleep. Sometimes the weather can wreck havoc even on “safe” or escape routes, so be prepared for anything. No plans are foolproof, there is no guarantee of a safe passage anywhere; use the waiting time to good use for yourselves.

9. There will be designated camp areas along the route, usually disused logging sites. Whenever possible, campsites are chosen close to a river or stream (with running water) giving everyone an opportunity to wash off the day’s mud and sweat. BUT, if the weather affects our itinerary, it may be necessary to camp on the tracks. In these circumstances, the Competition Manager, Course Designer or Event Director will make the decision as when and where we make camp.

10. The competition is tough on the vehicles. Mud and sand gets into everything, clogging up radiators and affecting alternators and starter motors and also deteriorating and destroying the brake pads. So, please check your vehicles at every opportunity you get.

11. The natural jungle conditions can sap the strength of competitors. Heat, humidity, the ever-present dampness, mosquitoes, sand flies, leeches and the strain of competitive sections will all take their toll!!

12. To get most of your participation in the event, you must come with the right frame of mind and with a correct attitude. If you are mentally and physically prepared for the worst – you will enjoy the experience.

Be forewarned, the Rainforest Challenge is not for the faint-hearted. Mother Nature rules supreme; respect the laws of the jungle when living out your “passion” in 4x4.

Land Rover Defender wins top award

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 06:59:00 +0000

IT MAY be cursed by some as being a member of the “Chelsea tractor” family – but the Midland-made 4x4 Land Rover Defender has won a top vehicle award.

Readers of What Car? magazine voted the Defender their favourite car.

Group editor Steve Fowler said: “The Land Rover Defender has bags of ability and does exactly what it’s designed to do perfectly.

“Together with its no-nonsense approach and strong durability, the Defender is putting a big smile on owners’ faces.”

In contrast, the Ford Focus coupé cabriolet was voted the least-popular car. Readers made the Fiat 500 the top supermini, while the Jaguar XJ was the best executive and luxury car, and the Ford Mondeo the top estate car.

The Audi A5 was rated the best coupé, the Skoda Octavia the best small family car and the Mazda MX-5 the best open-top.

Top performance car was the Porsche 911, while the Mercedes-Benz C-Class topped the family and compact executive category and the Ford C-Max was the best MPV (multi-purpose vehicle).

The Citroen C3 was the last-placed supermini. The Volvo S40 was the least-popular small family car and the Volkswagen Passat came bottom in the family and compact executive category.

EVENT GUIDE III

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Fri, 16 Oct 2009 02:18:00 +0000

1. This guide is intended to assist you with your preparations and enable you to enjoy a fulfilling jungle experience. Some of these points have already been mentioned in the General Event Guide, but nevertheless, there is no harm in repetition to ease your journey with us.

2. The most important lesson in this unbelievable adventure is that Mother Nature rules supreme, the strongest force on earth. Paying full respects to her laws and awesome might is the wisest thing to do. The weather can change dramatically in a short period of time; and if the monsoon rains come, they pour down with a vengeance. You will require all your inner strengths to cope with the challenges of a cool, wet and damp jungle. However cold it gets, you will never suffer from hypothermia, this is tropical country.

3. The weather, the uncertainty, the route and the adventure gives the event a real unmatched dramatic feeling.

4. The way of life and culture here are different from where you come from, so respecting the locals is a must. Learn from your local press officers assigned to you.

5. Even though the organizer tries its best to be as “media-friendly” as possible to enable you to take your footages/shots as you possibly can, we cannot guarantee you total access in the entire route (and see all the Special Stages). Some embedding will be done for some, others will be on more well prepared press vehicles and the rest taken on shortcuts (escape routes) whenever possible. However, you must be aware that no plans are foolproof in the event.

6. Your understanding that you may not get to the places at any one time means that you must be willing to share your photos among your peers, to get a complete overall picture of the event.

7. Please remember that a tropical jungle event is quite unlike the conditions from any “temperate zone countries” – where routes do not change dramatically in a matter of hours or days, or where accessibility is not a problem. Over here, the weather assists the jungle to reclaim, transform and chisel/sculpture the terrain beyond recognition in a matter of hours/days. And that makes the going in the RFC so much harder and unpredictable.

8. Come with an open mind about a jungle event and its constraints. Taking on the daily happenings with a good team spirit and a smiling face means earning the respect of your peers and the officials. These traits will certainly make your time with us most memorable and enjoyable. Listen to daily briefings, as there will be changes in ground conditions/operations, quite different from the schedule given to you prior to the event. Get ready physically and mentally and let us roll.

9.1 Preparations

9.1 Food & Water
All members of the press and touring adventurers will be assigned to press officers’ vehicles throughout the event. Press members must contribute approx USD100 for the purchase of food/water (for cooking hot meals) with the officers in whose vehicles they are assigned into. Cooking utensils are provided in the vehicle. Please also bring your own dry rations especially during daytime journeys where sometimes it is not possible to cook meals.

9.2 Camp beds/Sleeping bags/Utensils
Bring or buy a stretcher bed and a light-weight sleeping bag (cotton liners). Evenings/nights in the jungle beside a river or waterfall and on higher attitudes are cooler than in the city. Bring your own mess tin with cutlery, or plates and cup/mug; also bring your own toilet paper. At campsites, the tent will be the first to be erected, please help in the teambuilding of setting up the tent (Tarpaulin or plastic type sheets hung over two vehicles).

9.3 Toilet Etiquette
All toilet business must be conducted some distance from the campsite and away from a water source. Bury your excrement with a small shovel or “changkol.” Do not leave it exposed or simply covered with toilet or tissue paper or leaves. The items can be easily purchased in Kuala Lumpur outdoor/camping stores.

Before doing your business in the bush, it is advisable to ‘rattle the bushes/grasses’ to ward off any unwanted wildlife. Do not do your toilet business in the river as indigenous villages could be downstream using the same water for their daily needs.

9.4 Rubbish
Everyone is socially responsible to collect accumulated rubbish and dispose them in town. Rubbish sacks are provided. Compact them as much as you can, separate dry and wet ones whenever possible.

9.5 Luggage
For your own comfort, you are only allowed to bring one hold-all or soft bag no bigger than 30″L x 18″W into your assigned vehicle. Remember that there will be two or three more of your peers in the same vehicle, with their respective baggage. Excessive load may lead to vehicle breakdown in the jungle, which you will want to avoid at all cost.

9.6 Waterproof Bags
Keeping clothes and sleeping bags dry in the jungle can be difficult. Canoe bags (or similar water resistant types) are most effective for this purpose. These bags, if not given as gift items in the event, can be purchased easily in most outdoor/camping stores in the city. These water resistant bags will be very useful in the dampness/rain or during river crossing

9.7 Walking/Jungle boots/Sandals
A good stout pair of boots is required. Green canvas lace-up boots are easily available in the outdoor/camping stores. They are light and quicker to dry than normal boots. The high leg types also give protection from leeches/insects. However, sizes for large feet are very difficult to obtain. Wellington type boots made of rubber are also advisable (and cheap) to have as spares especially in muddy campsites.

It is advisable to wear strap-on sandals in the river for bathing and walking around campsite. For your comforts, allow your feet to ‘breathe’ and keep them dry whenever possible.

9.8 Personal Hygiene I
Important to wash/shower/clean your body daily in whatever water source is available. Humid conditions and wet clothing can cause irritable rashes on the skin. Dry clothing and medicated powder highly essential.

9.9 Personal Hygiene II
Anti-fungal powder/cream. The heat, humidity, dampness, mud, rivers and rain can cause “sweat rash” under arms, groin and chest, and can be very uncomfortable. A good relief from this is an anti-fungal cream like “Caneston.” Feet should be kept dry as continuously wet situation or not dry properly will result in skin peeling.

9.10 Drinking River or rainwater
Use water purification tablets and/or boiling process.

9.11 Mosquito nets
Essential to have it to keep mosquitoes and sand flies (to a certain extent) away. Easily available in outdoor/camping stores in the city.

9.12 Insect repellent
Recommended to use a good repellent that can combat not only mosquitoes, but also sand flies. The sand fly is much smaller and harder to see but it is common in some campsites and they hit around the same time as the mosquitoes – early mornings and evenings/nights. Their bites can cause slight swelling on the face too)

“Off” is a good local insect repellent and available in most pharmacies in the city. It is safe on the skin (orange citrus smell in orange can).

To keep insects at bay around sleeping area use local “mosquito repellent coils” – quite effective as they burn slowly all night (with smoke), which will also keep the flies away.

In Malaysia, you can also buy “Baygone” brand to keep insects/leeches away. It comes in a green can with a green cap. When sprayed on the floor/grass around the sleeping area, its excellent repellent for both mosquitoes/sand flies/insects/leeches. When trekking, use it on your trouser leg area and boots – “leech proof” until the smell wears out.

9.13 Insects /Wild animals
The jungle is alive with diversities of wildlife of which 99% will avoid human contact (they see and hear you long before you see them). Leeches are quite common and they latch on everything, even on wet clothing, however, they don’t hurt and can easily be removed. Expect slight bleeding for a while. Before sleeping always check your legs, arms, neck and feet for them. They can get inside socks and boots and hide between toes. During the night, they feed on your blood and the first thing you know is a bloody sleeping bag in the morning.

Make sure your feet are dry and powdered each night. Check your boots before putting them on each morning.

9.14 Clothing
Please note that all clothes used in the jungle will get stained by the mud/dirt, especially if wet. It is recommended that you bring clothes you don’t mind getting soiled.

T-shirts (cotton), long trousers – thin material for easy drying, shorts.
Thin long-sleeve shirts, sweat shirt/thin fleece
Stout boots (bring an extra pair)
Sandals (strapped on types)
Personal toiletries and thin towels
Small thin hand towels for the neck (local Good Morning types will do) – helps to wipe the sweat.
Underwear (extras, or the disposable types)
Socks (plenty of extras)
Hat, head torch & spare baterries
Working gloves (several pairs - easily obtainable in the city)
Immodium tablets
Personal medications/first aid plasters/small first aid kit

In the daytime, t-shirts and trousers are ok for working. Shorts can be worn the rest of the time. In higher attitude and rainy days in the campsite, the temperature can drop a few degrees, so you will want your sweatshirt or maybe fleece.

9.15 Sun Block
Essential as temperatures can rise to 34-36 degrees with bright sunshine.

9.16 Camera Equipment
Humidity is very high in the jungle. Rainfall is frequent and can be very heavy at times. A hotel shower cap makes an excellent cover for cameras! Camera bag should be padded for protection. Some of the vehicles will not have charging facilities for batteries but at campsites, the camaraderie is always there (put on a smiling face always) if you know how to ask around

9.17 Dehydration
Recommended that you drink plenty of water and fluids throughout the day. You lose plenty of moisture in your body in the heat and can suffer exhaustion easily under the hot tropical sun.

9.18 De-hydration Salts
If you do become dehydrated, it is essential to get liquid and salt back into the body quickly. You can purchase Re-hydration salts in sachets in local pharmacies (Farmasi), which are much cheaper than your country. One sachet to a 75 cl bottle of water is the usual dose. Rest and drink at least a liter of water. High energy drinks are also essential (high glucose drinks). 100 Plus is the favoured drink in Malaysia and available everywhere.

9.19 Watch out for one another (Buddy System)
A person who is becoming dehydrated may not realize it. Diarrhoea or loose motions is one of the first symptoms, it can dehydrate a person extremely quickly. Notice if a member of the group keeps dashing off into the bush with toilet paper. Other symptoms include possible feeling of nausea, dizziness or feeling light headed, lethargic/tired, headache, sweating or urinating less. Buddy system also means taking take of one another in true camaraderie style, you will need to be united in the face of the challenges ahead.

9.20 Vaccinations
Malaysia is relatively free from tropical infectious diseases. However, please consult your doctor for advise before coming here. Malaria tablets should be taken before you depart from home.

9.21 Insurance
The event is covered by Public Liability and Group Personal Accident insurance. However, it is always advisable to take extra insurance (travel/holiday/accident) on your own as those covered by the event might not be enough for your personal needs. How you value yourself is a personal matter.

9.22 Transfer from KLIA airport to RFC official hotel in the city
Upon arrival and immigration/customs clearance, proceed to purchase your coupons for taxi or KLIA express train, just after customs. Taxi takes about an hour and KLIA express train takes about 25 mins. While taxi (purchase a budget not a limo service – its approx RM 100 to your hotel. If you choose the train option at RM 35 single, it will take you to KL Sentral station (Central Station). Disembark, proceed to the exit and take a taxi to your hotel (approx RM 10).

9.23 Currency
1 USD is approx Ringgit Malaysia RM3.40, 1 pound sterling is approx RM6.00 and 1 Euro is approx RM4.90. You can easily change your currency at any bureau d’change at the airport and in the city.

Be forewarned. Mother Nature does not respect our timing and programme. Event schedule subject to changes.

EVENT GUIDE II

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 07:10:00 +0000

This guide is intended to assist you with your preparations before leaving home and to enable you to enjoy the experience of the jungle to its fullest. For those of you who are RFC “experienced”, let this be merely a reminder. For all you first-timers, take heed. We hope that the following facts, pointers and suggestions will ease your entry. Remember that, to complete the event is already an achievement.

Be Prepared! November – January in Malaysia is Monsoon Season. Expect to be continually wet for the duration - damp at best. Expect mosquitoes, leeches and a host of other insects. Expect debilitating heat and humidity, relentless rain and mud but also expect a country of great beauty inhabited by a friendly and diverse people. Approach this event with respect - it is tough. And, if you are prepared then, chances are, you will enjoy yourself that much more.

Herewith please find the recommended Bring-List for all personnel attending RFC. Use it as a guide only.

Recommended that you pack for 2 scenarios - A bag of 3 sets of clothing incl. shorts, shoes incl. authenticated copies of passport, air-tickets etc. which remains at the hotel. A portion of your money should be deposited in the Hotel safe. So, if everything were to go wrong and you lose your gear/money/passport whatever you are not completely lost. The other bag which is your event bag, obviously comes with you. Think waterproof, rugged, lockable etc. Please mark ALL your clothing and gear with your name etc. Bring lots of business cards.

Clothing
Clothing should be light, quick-dry, rugged/outdoor with lots of pockets, practical in design and colour.
2 x pairs Short Pants with belt-loops
2 x pairs Long Pants, loose-fitting, lots of pockets
2 x T-Shirts
2 x Long-Sleeved Shirts
1 x Track-Suit. Light, dark, cotton/wool. Night wear
4 x pairs Socks. Wool/Cotton. Dark. Throw-away after event
Underwear - your call (disposables are handy and hygienic and available from pharmacy shops locally)
1 x Sarong/wrap
1 x Small, dark towel
1 x Canvas/nylon belt
2 x Winch/leather gloves with grommets (metal re-inforced holes) that can attach to a belt with a karabiner
1 x 2 Piece rain suit (pants and jacket) with hood and large w/proof pockets
1 x Poncho - doubles as groundsheet or small tarpaulin
1 x pair. Gaiters (Waterproof leggings that attach to boots and fasten below knee)
4 x Handkerchiefs/bandannas
2 x pairs. cheap sunglasses with tie-ons
1 x pair Boots. Lightweight, ankle-high with good tread for mud. Some people swear by soccer boots. That is how bad the mud can be.
1 x pair Tennis shoes.
1 x pair thongs with velcro strapping and treaded soles or water resistant strap on sandles. TEVA sandles recommended
1 x Swim outfit
Caps and hats, bring spares
1 x Lightweight sleeping bag. Pack in w/proof stuff-bag lined with heavy-duty plastic bag
1 x Airline-size pillow
1 x Hammock or lightweight campstretcher/bed. The hammock - if you can sleep in one is Cheaper and lighter
1x Mosquito Net - optional. Not always possible to string up

Equipment
1 x Head Lamp torch with spare batteries and globes. PETZL make a good range
1 x Utility knife. Swiss Army, Leatherman or Gerber
1 x 10m of nylon string. Always handy
A couple of bungee cords are also useful
2 x belt or strap water bottles. 2litres each
1 x pkt. Heavy Duty zip-lock bags - money, papers etc
1 x 10-15 lt daypack
1 x Moonbag. Money, papers, smokes etc
1 x Plastic/enamel mug
1 x Plastic/enamel deep plate. A frisbee works
1 x Knife/fork/spoon set
1 x Roll Duct Tape

Personal
1 x Wash Bag containing :-
* Hand soap in plastic container
* Shampoo
* Toothbrush/paste/floss
* Eye drops and lip balm
* Sunblock, skin cream
* Nail/Scrubbing brush
* Nail clippers. Advisable to keep nails short for the duration - especially toenails
2 x Rolls Toilet Paper at all times - buy in Kuala Lumpur
3 x Containers Moist Towelettes. Personal hygiene when there is limited washing facilities Bring lots of insect repellant - spray and cream. Can be purchased in Kuala Lumpur

1 x Personal First Aid Kit containing :-
* Multi Vitamins
* Antiseptic Cream
* Antihistamine Cream
* Pain killers - Aspirin
* Tweezers & scissors
* Various bandages. 1 of each
* Re-hydrate sachets
* Alcohol Swabs
* Anti-fungal foot spray/cream
* Box of fabric plasters
* Bottle mercurochrome
* Diorrea pills

All of these items can fit into a fairly small bag - Available in most cities. Current vaccinations required for Malaysia as well as the best malaria prophylactic. Definitely get your anti-tetanus jab or booster. Hepatitis A & B are jabs recommend as well. Inform the RFC Management ASAP of any pertinent medical condition i.e. allergies, cardio-vascular problems etc. Insure yourself and your gear and give details to your country co-coordinator or RFC management.

If it is your first time in Malaysia and on the RFC, then we recommend doing some research - especially on the conditions that you will encounter. Finding out more about local customs - especially in the Muslim areas - is advised. A pocket phrase-book is handy, but optional.

Dry Rations
* Bring your own selection of energy and granola bars, chocolates, sweets, trail snacks, savoury biscuits, processed cheese, dried sausages, etc to keep you through the day. One can buy a range of snacks locally; crisps, chocolates, biscuits, etc. It all depends on your personal tastes. Bring also your own packets of Trail Meals - light and easy to prepare, can even eat out of the packet etc. You should be as self sufficient in your energy needs and water as possible at any time of the day or night. Remember, come for an adventure in the jungle. This is not a paid holiday with food prepared for you.

* Alcohol and beer are readily available except in Muslim provinces and in the jungle. You might want to bring a couple of aluminium screw-top camp bottles to carry alcohol and a soft cooler bag for beer, soft drinks and ice. If the driver or other occupants of the vehicle are Muslim, please refrain from eating pork in their presence.

* Bring your own set of mess tin (useful for cooked meals).

Meals
Please prepare your own meals at campsites, and sometimes it can be on the go, anytime!

Survival Rations
Vehicles break down, get lost, stuck, etc and that invariably happens far away from the nearest shops. Recommended that you prepare a survival pack of emergency rations. Consider the following - ready mixed sachets of coffee/tea, granola and or energy bars, trail snacks, glucose and vitamin enriched sweets, cup disposable soups and disposable lighters.

Country Flag
Bring your own country flags (min size 3′x 4′) for opening and closing ceremonies.

Please come with an open mind about the jungle, the event, different cultures, way of life and people from different nationalities and be interactive, if you do that, then I am sure you will have an enjoyable time with us.

RFC EVENT GUIDE I

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Thu, 08 Oct 2009 02:32:00 +0000

EVENT GUIDE I

1. Welcome To Malaysia
Malaysia has a population of over 25 million people who reside in the Peninsular and the states of Sabah and Sarawak on the Borneo Island. The country prides itself on the harmonious existence of various races as a nation. While the majority are Malays, the Chinese, Indians, Ibans, Kadazandusuns and other ethnic groups make up a colourful and vibrant society. Malaysia’s official language is Bahasa Malaysia, but English is widely spoken. The nation comprises Moslems, Christians, Buddhists, Hindus and followers of other religion.

2. Weather Conditions
Hot and humid all year round, Malaysia enjoys and equatorial climate of temperatures ranging from 22 to 32 degrees Celcius in the lowlands. However, it is cooler in highland areas. The annual rainfall here averages 200-250cm. Dressing in clothing of breathable and light material is advised. Comfortable and warm garments need be worn only at hill resorts.

3. Immigration
All visitors are required to complete an Arrival/Departure Card, a Customs declaration, and, if required, a Travelers Declaration Form (TDF) and Quarantine Form. These are given out on all inbound Malaysia Airlines’ flights or at the Immigration counters upon arrival.

4. Prohibited Goods
Trafficking of illegal drugs carries the mandatory death penalty in Malaysia. A special permit is required to carry firearms and ammunition. Other items prohibited include flick knives, daggers and pornographic material. Taped videocassettes should be submitted for clearance by Customs.

5. Health Regulations
Cholera vaccination is NOT required for travelers entering Malaysia. Visitors arriving from yellow Fever Endemic Zones and other affected areas are required to present International Health Certificates showing Yellow Fever vaccination.

. Medical Checkup
Please ensure that you have done so prior to the event. You are also advised to consult your doctor for tetanus toxoide injection and anti-malaria prophyloxis. Please report to the event secretariat of any ailments or allergy prior to departure (attached to your entry form) and again to the event medical crew upon arrival.

7. RFC Identification Tag
Please make your own RFC tag with country name to ease your entry at immigration and customs.

8. Your Country Flag
Please bring along your country flag to mount on your vehicle for opening and closing ceremonies. This will be prominently seen on print and electronic media.

9. In Malaysia
Your arrival will be at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). After departing the plane follow the ‘Baggage Reclaim’ signs and make your way to a shuttle train, this will take you to the arrival terminal and passport control, after which you can reclaim your luggage.
Taxi
Proceed through customs, just before exiting into main lobby you need to purchase a pre-paid taxi ticket (coupon) from the Taxi/Limo counter (fixed rate) – Take taxi to designated hotel. This is the most convenient method. Ask for Budget Taxi which is cheaper than Limos. Budget is approximately RM80 (USD21) while Limo is approximately RM120 (USD32). The traveling time to the city is approximately 40 minutes.
Express Train
KLIA Express (ERL) station to the city is at Level 1 (Ground floor) or KLIA Main Terminal Building. Ticket counter and vending machines for the purchase of ERL tickets are located at the Arrival Hall. The journey will take about 28 mins to KL Sentral Station. One way is approx RM35 (USD9). From there, take a taxi to the official hotel (less than USD3).
Bus Service
Public bus services are also available one floor down from the Arrival Hall.

10. Money Matters
Money exchange facilities are available in all major towns. Other licensed money changers operate in key entry/exit points and shopping malls. Most hotels exchange foreign currency and accept travellers’ cheque. 1 USD is approx Ringgit Malaysia RM3.75.

11. Time
The standard Malaysian time is +8 hours GMT in Winter and +7 hours GMT in Summer.

12. Electricity
Malaysia is on 240 volt 50 cycle. All power points are on a 3-pin system.

13. Paperwork (Those bringing their vehicles)

13.1
The CARNET is the most important document of all. Before you put your vehicle in the container make sure you photocopy the carnet and bring the copy with you, the original will be kept by the shipping agent to go with your vehicle. You will need the Original Registration papers (proof of ownership), Driving License and International Driving License. Make copies of all these documents and bring both the originals and copies with you in your hand luggage.

Carnet ATA is issued by the Chambers of Commerce, it is usually cheaper, and last for a period of time, from 6 months to a year. That is more than enough time to ship your vehicles to Malaysia and ship it back to your country. Malaysian Customs know of RFC and its event format, but they accept Carnet ATA, for so long as you ship your vehicles out of Malaysia after the event. RFC is an endorsed event by the Ministry of Culture, Arts & Tourism of Malaysia. Should you have difficulty applying for Carnet ATA, please contact the RFC secretariat.

13.2
For those countries not in the Carnet System, please inform the RFC secretariat soonest possible so that we can proceed with temporary import procedure. Please inform us.

13.3 Shipping
Please arrange your own shipping to Port Klang, Malaysia. For port clearance, please contact DAMCO (Malaysia) at Tel : 603-56390294, Cellphone : 6017-3635977 (Ms Azmawati Azman) and Email : MALDAMLSSMNG@damco.com Advisable that you make contact with DAMCO (Malaysia) first if you wish to bring your vehicle to the event. They will brief you of the paperwork necessary for speedy clearance at the port. If you can’t get through to them, please contact us.

14. Collecting Vehicles
Getting your vehicle from North Port Klang will probably be one of your first objectives.
DO NOT GO TO THE SHIPPING AGENTS UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD THE VEHICLE IS UNLOADED. The journey to the port is about 1 hour by taxi and you will have wasted your time. The names, contact telephone numbers and address (with a route map to drive back to KL) will be supplied to you. Telephone the Agent for progress reports. It will take a little time to get through the paperwork – be patient.

15. Insurance -Vehicle
As the vehicle will be driven on the main highways you should obtain insurance and road tax. Insurance can be obtained from a broker who will be stationed with our event secretariat. Please inform us immediately upon your arrival. Cost is approx. RM150 - RM300 (USD44 – USD88).

16. Insurance - Event
While every possible measure will be taken to ensure safety, there is always an element of risk, which can cause injury or death. The event will have an additional Group Personal Accident Policy to cover entire duration, and the liability will be limited to the sum insured only. You will have to sign a compulsory indemnity form, excluding the organizer, it’s officials, servants and sponsors from any liability. You are free to take up additional type of insurance on your own to cover yourself for this event in your own country to further protect yourselves.

Every possible step to ensure the safety and guidance of participants throughout the designated route of the event has been taken. Participants are however, advised to be prudent in their actions and not to cause unnecessary risk to themselves or others.

17. Additional Insurance
For general risks associated with overseas travel, it is advisable that you take up this insurance as an additional coverage, if you fall sick upon your arrival or after the event has ended, and need hospitalization, your insurance can come in handy to cover such contingency.

18. Medical Evacuation
SOS provided by AEA under the Group Personal Accident Insurance package. Medical evacuation services are applicable for emergency use only.

19. Fuel Guide (Subject to changes)
1 litre of petrol is RM1.80 (USD 0.52)
1 litre of diesel is RM1.70 (USD 0.43)
Please have at least two 20-litre cans to carry additional fuel.

20. Supplies
Maps of Kuala Lumpur marked with the relevant shopping areas are available. There are many places where provisions can be purchased but you may wish to ship packet/tinned foods from home in your vehicle. The convoy will allow for buying fresh fruit and some supplies along the way. It is also advisable to contact your nearest Tourism Malaysia office or Embassy, High Commission or Consulates for further information on the country.

21. Food
Competitors – Your own food and cooking throughout the event. Remember to carry emergency food supplies and dry rations. Officials, Touring Adventurers and Press – Compulsory to carry your own emergency food and dry rations contribute with your own money to the driver of your vehicle to purchase ingredients for your shared hot meals. Four in a vehicle for the entire journey.

22. Waterproof Bags
Keeping clothes and sleeping bags dry in the jungle is difficult. Previous experience has shown that CANOE BAGS are the most effective – unless you can guarantee a waterproof ‘stackit’. These bags are obtainable in different sizes from most good watersports/surfing shops.

23. Camp beds
Essential. Remember that this is the monsoon season – the ground will be get very wet and muddy. Do not bring low camp beds or you will end up with a wet bed!! These are strong but lightweight, fold up stretcher beds which you may have in your home country, alternatively they are available in Malaysia (approx. USD110). We suggest that if you wish to purchase one, kindly inform us so that a reservation can be made for you. Once we receive your request, it is considered sold to you when you are here.

24. Sleeping Bags
As light a bag as possible. It is hot and humid at night but the temperature will drop. It is difficult to dry bags because of the humidity. Evenings and early mornings can be a cool 18 degrees C or below in the jungle and highlands.

25. Night Shelter
Most teams use plastic sheet (tarpaulin) hung between vehicle to sleep under. Small dome tents can also be used.

26. Torches
You will experience night driving, winching and bridge crossings. A head torch is useful. Camps are frequently reached in the dark and a lantern is helpful. All type of batteries are available locally.

27. Water Purification Tablets
Essential emergency supplies.

28. Anti-fungal powder/cream
Buy a good powder. Sweat and damp clothing can cause “nappy rash” and is hard to avoid. Feet should be looked after, you will probably get skin peeling.

29. Ladies
Bring something suitable to wear when bathing in the river, or treat yourself to a sarong locally – very useful and cheap!

30. Water
Advisable to have a portable water filter. Buy bottled water in boxes, it is cheaper. DON’T buy water from roadside stalls. Most garages sell bottled water. Even walking around within the city one can become de-hydrated so drink plenty of water based liquids – this does not include alcohol!.

31. Insect repellant
Once outside of Kuala Lumpur it is necessary to use a good repellant that combats not only mosquitoes, but also sand flies. The sand fly is much smaller and harder to see, common around early evening and night. To combat insects around the sleeping area Mosquito Repellant Coils – pkt 10 – once lit they slowly burn for most of the night. Alternatively there are repellant candles.

32. Re-hydration salts
Can be bought locally at pharmacies. (spelt Farmasi in Malay). Essential kit!

33. Jungle Boots
Try to get canvas high leg lace jungle boots if available in your country. Tuck your trousers inside.

34. Tools
A ‘Parang’ (machete/slasher) is very useful for clearing vegetation. Cheap to buy locally at hardware shops. A ‘Cangkul’ (wide bladed pick) is also very useful and quick for digging track ways – better than a shovel. Hammer, nails and old motorcycle chain – emergency bridge repair kit – very handy!

35. RFC Merchandising Items
The RFC Secretariat also has a range of adventure and expedition apparels and items for sale to participants at a discount.

36. Hotel
All bookings will be through RFC Secretariat. Please do not book directly with the hotels. Please kindly inform RFC Secretariat of your check-in/out dates for pre-event and post-event stay the soonest possible. You should arrive in Kuala Lumpur not later than 3rd December 2009.

36.1 Pre-event and post event Hotel
Hotel Equatorial Kuala Lumpur.

36.2 4th December Hotel Accommodation
TBC

36.3 15th December Hotel Accommodation
TBC

37. Caution and Warning
Mother Nature does not respect timing and schedules, therefore, be prepared for changes to our event programme along the way, however, without compromising on the safety of participants. YOUR vehicle must be in a full state of preparation. YOU must be able to withstand and endure the worst of the natural elements in a jungle camping adventure with a smile on your face. The element of uncertainly and the unexpected disruption of our journey are part and parcel of the RAINFOREST CHALLENGE.

You are fully aware of the risks involved in such an event. Please come mentally and physically prepared. If you do not have the proper attitude of esprit de corps and passion for adventure, this event is NOT for you.

The RAINFOREST CHALLENGE is a time to live your off-road adventure dreams.

Welcome to the Rainforest Challenge.
Luis J.A. Wee
Event Founder

Land Rover 109

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 04:07:00 +0000

before(at my office)...

After (in my friend hand after he buy from my office)

Queensland cops test H3 Hummer

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Mon, 28 Sep 2009 07:46:00 +0000

The current fleet of Landcruisers used by the police in Queensland is due for replacement and, as part of the review and assessment process, some Hummer H3 vehicles are being tested.

According to a Brisbane newspaper, the Deputy Commissioner, Ian Steward, said the H3 is significantly cheaper than the Toyota, and its efficiency is equal or better.

Really? Can you imagine five big and burly Queensland cops squeezed into the cabin of a Hummer H3?

Then there’s the black H3 that Queensland Police is using in its ‘undercover operations’ fleet. It’s hard to believe. If a black, unmarked, Hummer tried to pull you over, would you think it was the police? Would you stop? We wouldn’t. We’d floor the pedal of the Jeep and head for the closest narrow-gutted street, or any other place that didn’t allow super-wide vehicles.

PIMP YOUR Jeep

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Mon, 28 Sep 2009 07:28:00 +0000

Wrangler TJ 1996 - 2006

Exterior Accessories
Bonnet Catches - Rugged Ridge

THAT'S A STEAL! is probably what the thieves say when access to the Jeep Wrangler engine bay is so easy. These fantastic locking bonnet latches not only look hot, but provide that much needed protection. Installs to the factory latch location with no drilling required. Both sides are keyed to the same key. Excellent protection and styling.

Bonnet Latches - Rugged Ridge

Rare as hens teeth!! These polished stainless steel bonnet latches have been out of stock for longer than we can remember. Simple to install, with no drilling required, they add some bling to your TJ Wrangler. Limited

Bonnet Scoop - Rugged Ridge

Want your Jeep Wrangler to look hot? This polished stainless steel bonnet scoop adds that much needed bling to your vehicle. Easy installation with no drilling required. The scoop covers the air vent and will assist with airflow.

Bonnet/Hood Vent Cover - Rugged Ridge

Polished stainless steel vent cover is just great. Looks like chrome, with the durability of stainless steel. Fits in minutes with high grade dual sided tape. Really trick.
Diff Guard - Warn
Our Warn Differential Guard is finished in polished stainless steel providing both the ultimate protection and great looks.
Frame Cover - Rugged Ridge
Polished stainless steel contoured to go over the existing molded plastic frame cover and includes cut-out to expose Jeep logo. Easy to fit. A neat classy way to trim the gap between your front bar/bumper and grille.
Fuel Bezel - Rugged Ridge
Add a dash of class to your Jeep Wrangler with this polished stainless fuel bezel. Fits in minutes with no drilling required
Fuel/Petrol Hatch - Aviation Style
Our biggest seller! Polished stainless steel aviation style fuel hatch cover with flip lid for access to existing fuel cap. Fits in minutes. Looks hot!
Grille & Light Black Out Kit - Rugged Ridge
Give your Jeep Wrangler a strong dark appearance. Molded black headlight bezels replace original chrome type, and back grille slot inserts simply snap into place for a deeper exaggerated look. Got any blacker?
Grille Bug Protector - Rugged Ridge
Designed to fit over your Jeep Wrangler grille without affecting the cooling system. Includes a pre-cut opening for the bonnet catch and installs easily with minimal drilling required. Complete with all required hardware.
License Plate Mounting Bracket - Rugged Ridge
This mounting bracket makes for easy fitment of your vehicles license plate. Suits any front and rear Moab® tubular bars, or any other 3 inch diameter tube bar.
Light Bar Tubular - Rugged Ridge
Polished 38mm diameter stainless steel tube bar. Looks like a roll bar! 4 tab mounts to fit up to 4 lights and ported to hide wiring. Easy to fit. Looks like chrome, but won't scratch or rust like it. Lights sold separately
Light Covers - Ribbed Style
Smarten up the rear of your Jeep Wrangler with these easy-install guards. The ribbed-design really enhance the appearance of your Jeep and fit in minutes with high-grade double sided tap. Very classy!
Mirror Relocation Bracket - Rugged Ridge
Easy to fit polished stainless steel brackets allow your to retain the fitment of your mirrors when driving with the doors off. Mounts to existing holes in windscreen hinges. Stainless steel hardware supplied.
Mirrors - Rugged Ridge
Wacko! Absolutely beautifully crafted. You won't know which side to look in! Give your Jeep Wrangler a real quality look.
Tyre Mounting Bracket - Rugged Ridge
Allows the easy fitment of a 33"x12.5" tyre to the existing tailgate bracket. Manufactured from 6.5mm plate steel, and 51mm box tube with full welds. This heavy-duty, great fitting, powder coated bracket provides extra spacing of two inches out, and one inch up.
Windscreen Hinges - Rugged Ridge
Looks like chrome, but made from polished stainless steel for great finish, durability and strength. Easy to fit. Provided with matching stainless steel hardware. Great custom look!Gives your Jeep Wrangler a 'set of shoulders'. Appearance is strong, tough, yet classy.

Sanya to Hold First International 4x4 Off-Road Events

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Thu, 24 Sep 2009 06:53:00 +0000

The first China (Sanya) International Rainforest 4x4 Off-Road Challenge and Malaysia International Rainforest 4x4 Off-Road Challenge Sanya Summer Competition will be held in Sanya from September 19 to 23. Nearly one hundred 4x4s from home and abroad will take part the competition. Malaysia International Rainforest 4x4 Off-Road Challenge is the only internationally top-level rainforest challenge, including vehicle modifying, driving skill challenging and rainforest living competitions.

Suspension Alignment: Understanding and Adjusting Caster

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 02:57:00 +0000

Caster is the angle between the steering axis and the vertical axis as viewed from the side of the car. Caster affects straight-line stability and "camber gain". Positive caster is when the top of the steering axis is tilted back (steering axis intersects the ground in front of the tire contact patch). Negative caster is when the top of the steering axis is tilted forward (steering axis intersects the ground behind the tire contact patch). I have never seen negative caster used in suspension setup, and I do not believe it is beneficial in automobile suspension geometry. Therefore, for the rest of this section, when I refer to caster, I am talking about positive caster.
To visualize caster, think about the wheels of a shopping cart. The steering axis of the wheel intersects the ground far ahead of where the wheel touches the ground. As a result, the wheel is essentially dragged behind the steering axis. This keeps the wheel moving straight. If the steering axis intersected the ground at the same spot that the wheel touched the ground, then there would be no caster effect. The wheel would be free to spin around the steering axis as long as it was not held in place by some other force.
Unlike in a shopping cart, the steering axis on a car is placed close to the hub of the wheel. Therefore, the only way to make the steering axis intersect the ground ahead of the tire contact patch is to tilt the steering axis back. The more the axis is tilted (in the positive caster direction), the greater the caster effect.
Large caster settings increase the tendency of the front wheels to center themselves. This tendency is mainly due to the camber gain that occurs when the steering axis is tilted and the wheels are turned. Camber gain involved with caster is not easy to visualize. Think about the extreme case where the steering axis is tilted to the point where it is horizontal. When you turn the steering wheel in this case, the front wheels would stand up on their edges. If you turn left, the left tire will stand on its outer edge, and the right tire will stand on its inner edge. If you turn right, the left tire will stand on its inner edge the right on its outer edge. The same type of camber gain, only on a smaller scale, takes place with less caster. This camber gain is exactly what you want in a corner. Read my accompanying on camber to see what it is and why it’s beneficial.
When the tires stand up on their edges, the front of the car is actually raised up. This is why the wheels "center themselves" when you let go of the steering wheel. The weight of the car pushes the wheels flat on the ground, which resets the steering. This improves high-speed stability because it keeps the steering firmly in the center position. However, it is difficult to turn a car with a large caster setting because, while turning, you are actually lifting the front of the car with the steering. This effect is most visible in luxury sedans, where high-speed stability is important and sophisticated power steering makes up for the extra steering effort. If you watch one of these cars as the wheels turn to full lock (maximum steering angle), you will see the front end of the car rise slightly.
Increased caster is advantageous for racing and, in some cases, street driving. The only disadvantage is the added steering effort. While camber gain due to caster is generally good for increasing the grip of the front tires in a corner, too much camber gain will cause the tires to heat up, lose grip, and wear out prematurely. Therefore, do not use more than a few degrees of caster. If your car uses a MacPherson Strut suspension, it may be necessary to modify the strut tower mounts or tension rods to be able to adjust caster.
Visit www.240edge.com for more information about caster adjustments.
We always recommend that before you perform any maintenance or repair to your vehicle to always have a service manual for your vehicle handy. You can check for your service manual here.

IceRocket Tags: Suspension repair,car repair info,promanuals,service manuals,caster alignment,how to car repair
Technorati Tags: Suspension repair,car repair info,promanuals,service manuals,caster alignment,how to car repair.

Finding and installing car parts

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Wed, 16 Sep 2009 03:36:00 +0000

So you're mechanically inclined? Fabulous! You probably know a lot about repairing and installing car parts. When working on vehicles, there are certainly times when parts need to be replaced, costing you and, in turn, the customer a lot of money. But there are ways to cut your costs. Have you considered using recycled car parts?

Automotive recyclers offer great deals on used car parts. There are more recyclers out there than you might think. And their prices are hard to beat. One reason is that insurance companies can save money themselves by dropping off wrecked vehicles at a recycling yard. There are many other incentives, though, to shop from these guys.

Did you know that buying used car parts from auto recyclers helps prevent pollution caused by manufacturing new parts? A lot of oil is used to manufacture new car parts-resources that are saved by recycling. Reusing raw materials is beneficial to the environment. And finding the right car parts shouldn't be too difficult. Currently, more than 4 million automobiles are recycled every year in North America. That's a lot of available car parts!

Recycling car parts saves a lot of space in landfills. Why throw something away when it can still be used? Also, buying used car parts allows you to use quality parts made by the original manufacturer. Recyclers are skilled in determining which car parts are damaged and which are reusable.

And it is true: used car parts help you save money. Clearly, this is a cheaper alternative to buying new car parts. But are you getting the same quality? Good question. Actually, most automotive recyclers give warranties on car parts, so you won't need to worry about buying a lemon. Better yet, recyclers can often find car parts faster than other dealers, as they have developed an electronic network to communicate quickly with other recyclers. If they don't have what you need in stock, chances are they can find it in no time.

Next time you're looking for car parts, consider your local automotive recycler. You'll be satisfied with the product, and also with the price.
We always recommend having a service manual for your vehicle before performing any maintenance or repair. You can get your service manual here.
http://www.promanuals.net/

4WD winch

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Sat, 12 Sep 2009 08:34:00 +0000

for more information just click below:
http://www.txwinches.com/newEbiz1/EbizPortalFG/portal/html/CategoryList.html?ProductMultiCategoryPicker210_action=Searchcategory&ProductPicker_action=Searchcategory&CategoryID=c373e91ba1202bd38f7a54a15ee1f1b6

Taupo Events Go Off-road

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Fri, 11 Sep 2009 08:21:00 +0000

Taupo is set to play host to yet another international event when the 2009 Asset Finance 1000 comes to town on September 11-13.

Considered the toughest off-road 4WD race in the Southern Hemisphere, the Asset Finance 1000 will take place in the forests east of Taupo with the pits based at Te Awa airstrip.

Over 50 teams will battle against each other during three days of exciting racing action with three teams travelling from as far as Australia.

One of the favourites is David Jameson who has competed in the humid jungles of Malaysia and throughout Australia and claims Taupo is one of his favourite tracks.

"It's a great track and my family loves being so close to the ski fields!" he said.

The race begins with a preview day on September 11 followed by two days of competition on September 12 and 13 when drivers will complete up to 500 km per day.

"This is an event Destination Lake Taupo has supported for five years - it adds another string to our bow as the events capital of New Zealand," said Warwick Hall, Manager of Event Marketing for Destination Lake Taupo.

"Off-road racing is a great sport for spectators - the organisers are offering a fantastic deal for people who pre-purchase tickets online - a weekend pass will cost $20 if purchased online prior to the event," continued Hall.

"September 12-13 will be a busy one in Taupo - we are also hosting the inaugural training camp for the BNZ Trainer Wheels programme, designed to help beginner riders participate in their first Wattyl Lake Taupo Cycle Challenge," said Hall.

Set in the massive production pine forests east of Taupo, the race track is based at an all-new pit complex on the forestry airstrip, and the roads used in the 53 km lap are significantly different from the course used for the previous race.

"The entry list thus far includes a high number of crews that are new to the sport of off-road racing," said event organiser Tony Saelman.

"The Taupo 1000 has always welcomed the four wheel drive and winch challenge drivers who love to get out in the forest - we are now seeing people come across from rallying to race in our event."

Local entrants include Lou Pilkington and Craig Halligan (Challenger/VW), Bruce Jaine and Ian Jensen (Challenger/VW) and Klem Christensen and Daniel Connor.

Volvo Malaysia To Tap Off-Road Market For Heavy Duty Trucks

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Fri, 11 Sep 2009 08:12:00 +0000

KUCHING, Sept 2 (Bernama) -- Volvo Malaysia Sdn Bhd is looking at expanding the market for its heavy-duty Renault trucks in Sarawak's off-road segments.

Its Managing Director, Eric Leblanc, said the company was exploring the state's logging, mining and dam construction industries as niche markets for the trucks.

Leblanc, who is also Managing Director of Renault Trucks Malaysia said Volvo Malaysia has, todate, sold 300 heavy-duty trucks in Sarawak, mainly for rough logging trails and other off-road use.

"We are also exploring the potential of selling specialised Renault trucks for the use in the Petronas gas pipeline project from Kimanis, Sabah, to Bintulu, Sarawak, the Bakun hydro electric dam and coal mines in Kapit and Mukah," he told reporters after launching the latest Renault trucks here today.

The Volvo Group, a world leading provider of commercial transportation solutions and manufaturer of trucks, buses and construction equipment, teamed up with Renault Trucks in 2001.

With the strengthening of Renault Trucks in the country, Leblanc said customers would be spoilt for choice with a wide range of trucks with prices retailing from RM280,000 to RM600,000 per unit.

The Volvo group garnered 42 per cent of the Malaysian market for 16-tonne trucks and above. It was number one in Europe and second in the world.

Leblanc added that Volvo Malaysia planned to replace, nationwide, some 200 units of "ghost trucks," which are customised trucks rebuilt from scrap, with the low-fuel consumption Renault Trucks.

3Racing - Winch

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Fri, 11 Sep 2009 07:54:00 +0000

Like your for your full size off-roader, you know that you want one, actually you need one...

Your 4x4 cannot be called an off-roader if it does not have a meaty winch at the front, you just could not be taken seriously. You know exactly what I mean here.

The more time I spend with my RC cars, the more I get addicted. I trully got hooked by the scale-type crawlers and trailers. The ones that look like standard 4x4 and have great off-road capability.

So following the same thought process as for my Land Rover, I decided that I needed and wanted a winch for my crawlers.

It did not take long to find what I wanted; the 3Racing Winch with its controller.

There have been a number of attempts over the last couple of years to make winches using servos or else, but this one does look like the real deal.

It does conform to the 1/10th scale and would look great on any similar sized vehicles like the ones we reviewed before (Axial AX10, SCX10, or the Tamiya CR01).

Its design is very similar to a Warn low profile winch like the 9.5XP, even the logo pattern is there. You would just need to paint a red 'W' to make it a true replica.

The roller fairlead is very nicely done as well and the mounting plate could place itself on whatever flat surface on your RC cars, so no worry there.

The winch comes with a controller that enables you to connect the winch to the power source and to a receiver should you wish to control it from a 3+ channel transmitter. If you do not have a 3-channel one, the controller has a small button that will give you control over the winch operation.

I tested the winch on its own, and I can report that it could easily lift the full weight of my Tamyia CR01 Land Cruiser. That was impressive.

Now I just need to install it on one of my cars, but which one???

More to come in the future...

Pinoy off-road racing team gunning for #1

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Thu, 03 Sep 2009 07:18:00 +0000

MANILA - Off-road racing may not be the favorite pastime of Filipinos but the driving skills of Pinoys are definitely world-class, whether it's on or off the road.

That's why, when given the best vehicle for the challenge, Pinoys will surely be up for competing with the best.

Once again, the Philippines has a representing team in the upcoming 4x4 Challenges in the China-Sanya International, as well as the much-awaited Rain Forest Challenge (RFC) in Malaysia.

The RFC, like the Formula 1 of 4x4 racing, is considered the number one extreme off-road jungle event that has been attracting teams from 35 countries since 1997.

Dream team

For the first time ever, the Philippine team will be fully sponsored, which means they will no longer be competing in a makeshift 4x4 truck put together with different surplus parts, but with arguably the best 4x4 vehicle available - the Land Rover Defender 90.

The China-Sanya “tune-up” will be a grueling 5-day event that will test the off-road teams' wits, strategy, techniques, driving, and recovery skills against the other teams.

Team Members Larry “Typhoon” Mendiola and Sergio Jamilla are so excited to represent the country again and are more confident that they can improve on their record 5th-place finish out of 35 countries.

They believe they can even now go for the number 1 spot. Team leader Atty. Robin Consunji believes that, with various partners giving all-out support to the very experienced team of Mendiola and Jamilla, becoming the best 4x4 driving team in the world is possible.

The team's first leg is to compete in China on September 19 to 23 then in the rainforests of Malaysia for the RFC in December.

Pinoy Land Rover team goes after podium finish

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Tue, 01 Sep 2009 06:32:00 +0000

DIMINUTIVE Larry Mendiola gears up to scale greater heights as he heads the Team Philippines Land Rover vying for honors against some of the world’s best in the inaugural Sanya International Off-Road 4x4 Challenge next month in China.

Together with codriver Sergio Jamilla, Mendiola has won numerous local and international races and, aboard a different make and model vehicle, gave his rivals a run for their money.

Mendiola’s team placed fifth among 36 competitors in the 2005 edition of the Rainforest Challenge of Malaysia (RFC) and sixth the following year.

Now with a new ride—he will be competing in a Land Rover Defender 90—and more backers, Mendiola is confident he has good chances of taking a podium spot and even stealing the overall crowns in China and Malaysia.

“First place is achievable,” said Mendiola, who got into 4x4s in 1991 with Jeeps and Land Rovers but started competing using a Toyota Landcruiser.

“Mas may kumpiyansa tayo ngayon. Hindi gaya ng dati na kaunti ang preparasyon namin and may mga problema sa mga piyesa, minsan pulot-pulot lang,” he added.

The 43-year-old Mendiola, a four-time Automobile Association of the Philippines 4x4 Driver of the Year awardee, will be backed by seasoned competitor Sergio Jamila, who has seen action in the RFC thrice, and crew members Marvin Roxas and Dennis Javier.

The China race, set from September 19 to 23, is a prelude to the RFC in Malaysia later in the year and is said to be the world’s biggest 4x4 event, so tough it is also dubbed as the Formula One of 4x4 races. The RFC has attracted participants from more than 35 countries annually since 1997.

Among the top contenders seeing action are teams from Rawang Raiders of West Malaysia, led by Chong Yoke Sang, which have consistently been in the top five in the RFC since 2004; Poland’s Baltic Knights, headed by the husband-and-wife tandem of Marek and Agnieska Janaszkiewicz; Benzi 4x4 Team of Lebanon, led by Soly Khattar and Philippe Abboud; Roaring Lion FWDC of Sri Lanka with Sean Hameed and Rushiran Silva as leaders; and Indonesia’s Wild Nusantara, headed by Hans Mudali and Handoko.

“Land Rover Philippines is proud to represent the country in such a prestigious event. We believe that our customized Defender 90, paired with the talent and determination of both Larry Mendiola and Sergio Jamilla makes us a very strong contender to finish at the top,” said LR Phils. Motors Inc. executive director Marc Soong

Robby Consunji, consultant-coordinator for Team Land Rover Philippines, said: “The Rainforest Challenge is the most demanding 4x4 race in the world…and having our team backed by LR Phils Motors Inc. gives us a tremendous competitive advantage.

The Defender 90, in its stock configuration, is already a very capable off-road vehicle and with the enhancements and customizations we’ve added, this vehicle, along with its driver, is nothing less than a world-class competitor.”

4x4 Lockers: Better Traction For 4x4 Trucks - Get A Grip In The Hunt For Traction, Options Abound

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Thu, 27 Aug 2009 03:38:00 +0000

You've already heard why four-wheeling without locking diffs is really two-wheeling, or in some cases, one-wheeling. The question is, what to do about it.

The answers depend on what you drive, how much you want to spend, and what kind of driving you do. Generally, the more you four-wheel, the more you need a traction-adding differential (TAD).

The type of four-wheeling you do determines the type of TAD you want. Almost every traction-adding differential has some kind of weakness, limitation, or downside, which might include cost of installation, reliability, handling characteristics, torque-biasing capability, or noise generation.

There are lockers, limited slips and spools to choose from.

When we use the term "locker," we mean a device that actually locks up the differential so that both tires turn equally when power is applied. These may be selectable lockers, or automatic lockers.

Selectable lockers include the ARB Air Locker, cable-operated lockers, and several types of electromagnetic lockers that can be actuated via switch. They all require the operator to decide when to lock the differential and when to unlock it, so the installation will include the need to wire up a switch or other shift mechanism on the dash. They have the advantage of being completely transparent when not in operation--driven in the unlocked mode, there is no effect on steering or handling. So selectable lockers can be used in the front differential of a 4x4 without creating a handling/safety issue. Selectable lockers actually lock up the differential to split torque evenly--usually by means of pinion gears--so they offer the performance of a true locker. And because these lockers remain unlocked most of the time, rather than continually locking and unlocking on their own, they do not add wear to driveline components.

Automatic lockers are those that lock and unlock in response to changing conditions. They default to a 50/50 torque split but are designed to unlock through corners, permitting the tires to go around a corner without scuffing, and then lock again when a torque differential occurs between wheels. The advantages of automatic lockers include the fact that no driver input is necessary, so there is no need for a switch on the dash. The disadvantages are that automatic lockers can be noisy, harsh, and they can impart unwanted handling characteristics in complicated traction settings.

When we use the term "limited-slip," we are referring to those traction-adders that bias torque away from a spinning wheel toward a wheel with traction by progressively binding up the differential between them. This may be achieved by use of clutch packs, sliding cone engagement, or gear arrangements. The advantages of a limited-slip are that they are relatively driver-friendly, without the noise and harsh engagement characteristics of a true locker, and are therefore more versatile in their application. Some can transfer more torque than others, but all have their limits. Whatever the case, a limited slip provides less traction than a true locker, but much more than an open differential.

A spool, which replaces the differential, is sometimes mentioned as an option to a locking differential. A spool functionally locks both wheels together so that they must always turn at the same speed. There is zero wheel speed differentiation when going around a corner, so the inside wheel will chirp and scuff, and hopping may occur; on pavement, the axleshafts could absorb a lot of twisting. However, spools are cheap and strong. As long as the vehicle in question never needs to go around a corner, or it is always used on loose soils, a spool could be an option. For anything other than a mud bogger or sand dragster, we would say there are better options.

A word about reliability and durability: Most lockers are stronger than the parts around them, so concerns about a properly-installed locking unit itself breaking are usually misplaced. Some tend to wear more rapidly than others, but most carry warranties of a year or more. The real risk is that in an irresistible-force-versus-immovable-object situation, lockers can transmit enough force to permit twisting up a driveshaft, crunching pinion gears, or tearing the splined end off an axle. As a rule, when big engines, torque-multiplying transfer cases and tall tires combine, it's rarely the locker that crumbles.

Following is a quick review of the types of lockers out there and their potentially ideal applications.

4X4 LOCKERS TRACTION 4X4 JEEP

You could argue that traction is easily as important as ground clearance and suspension travel when it comes to dealing with tough terrain. In this situation, traction alone would be the limiting factor. Without locking diffs, this kind of crawling would be impossible.

4X4 LOCKERS TRACTION ARB AIR LOCKER

One of the best-known lockers worldwide is the ARB Air Locker. It's a true locking differential that the driver actuates. The rest of the time, the differential functions as an open differential, making the ARB suitable for use in front and/or rear axles. This particular unit is for a GM 14-bolt axle.

4X4 LOCKERS TRACTION EATON ELOCKER

Another switchable locker is the Eaton ELocker. This unit is for the Dana 30 front axle, and has seen a sharp rise in popularity among weekend-warrior Jeepers now that 30-spline axle shafts are available. After a long period of development, Eaton has gone to a four-pinion design for strength and reliability.

4X4 LOCKERS TRACTION AUBURN ECTED

The Auburn ECTED is another true locker that actuates by electromagnetic switching, though the internals are a bit different. Auburn sources advise that the ECTED also incorporates clutch packs that can act as a sort of limited-slip when the differential is not locked up.

4X4 LOCKERS TRACTION DETROIT LOCKER

inside a Detroit Locker there are no pinion gears, so the Detroit can distribute forces over a wider, stronger surface area than most lockers, and the carrier is built to last. The Detroit is known to be extremely strong, but a little rough in transition, so they are generally not advisable for use in daily-driven vehicles that might see slippery surfaces. On really tough trails, the Detroit lives up to its reputation.

4X4 LOCKERS TRACTION DIY LOCKERS

There are a number of true lockers available that offer easy installation, lower price, and good performance. These "DIY lockers" have been sold under a number of brand names, but all have certain things in common: They replace the side and spider gears, retaining the original case, so they can be installed in a matter of hours by the backyard mechanic. While they are subject to the same handling concerns as any other automatic locker, they offer solid traction for less cost, and are generally considered to be a good deal on a weekend-warrior-type 4x4 as long as tire size remains reasonable.

4X4 LOCKERS TRACTION POSITRACTION

The venerable Positraction, known since the muscle-car era of the 60s, is still on the market but in a much-improved form. By adding space-age materials to the clutch pack, this limited-slip diff is no longer so much prone to wear. By adding stronger or weaker springs, the Posi can be "tuned" to the user's preference.

4X4 LOCKERS TRACTION AUBURN LIMITED SLIP

4X4 LOCKERS TRACTION SPOOL

A spool is a device that locks both axles so they turn simultaneously. Spools are inexpensive and there is nothing to break. However, since the wheels cannot turn at different rates, spools are not a good idea for any vehicle that needs to turn without hopping or winding up the drivetrain.

4X4 LOCKERS TRACTION EATON DETROIT TRUETRAC

The Eaton Detroit Truetrac is a versatile gear-type limited slip. It generates good torque biasing with relatively few side effects, so it can be used in the front axle of a trail machine, in the rear axle of a tow vehicle, or practically anywhere else. The Truetrac has a reputation for lasting a long time without any significant reduction in effectiveness.

4X4 LOCKERS TRACTION EATON EGERODISC

This device, developed on an OEM basis by Eaton under the name EGerodisc, is a hydraulically operated, electronically controlled limited-slip that provides an optimal stability/traction solution at any speed. The next generation of this type of differential will have "torque vectoring" capability.

16 Italians arrive for final leg of adventure

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Mon, 24 Aug 2009 07:27:00 +0000

Kota Kinabalu: A group of 16 Italians arrived here Thursday for the final leg of the Nel Mondo Club 4x4 Borneo Raid 2009 - an "off road" 21-day adventure covering about 2,500km in Sarawak, Brunei and Sabah.

Their expedition began in Kuching on Aug. 10 and included stopovers at a longhouse in Lubok Antu, Sibu, Similajau National Park, Long Bedian and Miri before proceeding to Sabah.

MASwings Regional Head for Sabah Shauqi Ahamd and Director of Tourism Malaysia (Sabah) Mohd Roslan Abdullah, bade farewell to the group at Beverly Hotel Friday.

Led by Vittorio Kulczycki, the team would explore the wildlife and natural wonders of Sabah. They would proceed to Hot Springs in Ranau, Sepilok Orang Utan sanctuary, Mabul Island in Semporna and the Maliau Basin information centre.

The expedition is an initiative of MASwings and Tourism Malaysia to encourage more tourists from Europe and Latin America to explore Malaysian Borneo and Brunei.

The programme was organised by Viaggi, the owner of Nel Mondo Tours in Italy, who has 37 years experience in managing adventure packages worldwide.

According to Viaggi, Nel Mondo also publishes a well known adventure magazine with 250,000 subscribers besides organising adventure packages under the MASwings Adventure Packages programme to popular destinations such as Mulu and Mount Kinabalu.

Shauqi said close cooperation between MASwings, Nel Mondo and Tourism Malaysia would boost further the development of tourism in Sabah and Sarawak.

Meanwhile, Vittorio said his adventure group had been to many parts of the world including central Africa, China and Nepal.

"Its purely a hobby," said Kulczyeki, adding their journey from Kuching to Kota Kinabalu was wonderful.

It was also Kulczyeki's second trip to Sabah in 30 years.

drive clutch

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Thu, 20 Aug 2009 09:09:00 +0000

ve a 99 sportsman 335 4x4 and I need some parts for the drive clutch. I need the two surfaces that basically puts tension on the belt, circled in red below. Is it possible to just buy those two pieces without spending $400 on a whole new assembly? Reason I need just those two as the clutch is fine but those pieces have wear in them from 3k miles and is allowing the belt to slip.

Land Rover Defender

noreply@blogger.com (amirgenius) — Thu, 13 Aug 2009 06:38:00 +0000

The Land Rover Defender is a British four wheel drive off-road utility vehicle.

The product of continued development of the original Land Rover Series I launched in 1948, it uses the basic yet robust underpinnings of a ladder frame chassis and aluminium body and is available in a huge variety of body types from the manufacturer, plus many more specialist versions such as fire engines.

While perhaps best associated with expeditions, Defenders are also used variously in agriculture, industry and the military. In recent years the model has been increasingly utilised as a private car.

Name and badge distinctions

The Defender name was not adopted until 1990 as a measure to distinguish the utility Land Rover model from the Discovery and Range Rover. Between 1983 and 1990 the coil-sprung utility Land Rovers were officially known as the Land Rover Ninety or One Ten, with the number spelled out in full in advertising and in handbooks and manuals. These vehicles also carried badges above the radiator grille which read Land Rover 90 or Land Rover 110, with the number rendered numerically. From late 1989, following the introduction of the Discovery, the front badge simply said 90 or 110. From 1991, when the Defender name was adopted the vehicles became the Defender 90 or the Defender 110. These carry front badges that say Defender, with a badge on the rear of the vehicle saying Defender 90 or Defender 110.

The 127-inch (3,226 mm) wheelbase Land Rover 127 available from 1985 was always marketed with the name rendered numerically. Following the adoption of the Defender name, it became the Defender 130, although the wheelbase remained unchanged.

In the United States and Canada, North American Specification (NAS) Defenders sold between 1989 and 1997 said only 'Land Rover' with no '90' or '110' numeric designation.

Hand assembly

Something of an anachronism in the 2000s, the Defender has no unibody structure and is still largely hand assembled. All its major body panels and sub-assemblies simply bolt together. Thus not only can a Defender be literally broken down to its chassis with simple hand tools there are no irreplaceable stress points. While appreciated in the field and by enthusiasts, this method of manufacture has become increasingly expensive relative to unibody and modular construction.

[edit]Land Rover Ninety & One Ten

Ninety, One Ten & 127

Production	1983–1990
Body style(s)	2-door station wagon 4-door station wagon 2-door pickup 2-door van
Engine(s)	2.3 L 75 hp (56 kW) I4 petrol (1983–1985) 2.3 L 62 hp (46 kW) I4 diesel (1983) 2.5 L 68 hp (51 kW) I4 diesel (1984–1993) 2.5 L 83 hp (62 kW) I4 petrol (1985–1993) 2.5 L 85 hp (63 kW) I4 Turbodiesel (1986–1990) 3.5 L 113 hp (84 kW) V8 petrol (1983–1986) 3.5 L 134 hp (100 kW) V8 petrol (1986–1993)
Transmission(s)	LT95 4-speed manual (One Ten early V8 engines only) LT77 5-speed manual LT85 5-speed manual (Ninety and One Ten V8)
Wheelbase	92.9 in (2360 mm) (Ninety) 110 in (2794 mm) (One Ten) 127 in (3226 mm) (127)
Length	160.5 in (4077 mm) (Ninety) 181.1 in (4600 mm) (One Ten)
Width	70.5 in (1791 mm)
Height	80.2 in (2037 mm) (Ninety) 84 in (2134 mm) (One Ten)
Related	Land Rover Wolf Santana PS-10

Production of the model now known as the Defender began in 1983 as the Land Rover One Ten, a simple name which reflected the 110 inch (2.794 m) length of the wheelbase. The Land Rover Ninety, with 93 inch (2.362 m) wheelbase, and Land Rover 127, with 127 inch (3.226 m) wheelbase, soon followed.

Outwardly, there is little to distinguish the post-1983 vehicles from the Series III Land Rover. A full-length bonnet, revised grille, plus the fitting of wheel arch extensions to cover wider-track axles are the most noticeable changes. While the engine and other body panels carried over from the Series III, mechanically the Ninety and One Ten showed significant modernisation, including:

Coil springs, offering a more comfortable ride and improved axle articulation
A permanent four-wheel drive system borrowed from the Range Rover, featuring a two-speed transfer gearbox with a lockable centre differential
A modernised interior
A taller one-piece windscreen

In addition, a new series of progressively more powerful and more modern engines were designed for future use.

The One Ten was launched in 1983, and the Ninety followed in 1984. From 1984, wind-up windows were fitted (Series models and very early One Tens had sliding panels), and a 2.5 litre, 68 hp (51 kW) diesel engine was introduced. This was based on the earlier 2.3 litre engine, but had a more modern fuel-injection system as well as increased capacity. A low compression version of the 3.5 litre V8 Range Rover engine was available too which transformed performance.

This period saw Land Rover market the utility Land Rover as a private recreational vehicle. Whilst the basic pick-up, Station Wagon and van versions were still working vehicles, the County Station Wagons were sold as multi-purpose family vehicles, featuring improved interior trim and more comfortable seats. This change was reflected in Land Rover starting what had long been common practice in the car industry - detail changes and improvements to the County model from year to year in order to attract new buyers and to encourage existing owners to trade in for a new vehicle. These changes included different exterior styling graphics and colour options, and a steady trickle of new "lifestyle" accessories that would have been unthinkable on a Land Rover a few years ago, such as radio/cassette players, styled wheel options, headlamp wash/wipe systems and new accessories such as surfboard carriers and bike racks. The switch from leaf spring to coil spring suspension was crucial to the new models' success. It offered improved off-road ability and load capacity for traditional commercial users, whilst the improved handling and ride comfort now made the Land Rover attractive to the general public.

[edit]The 127 and 130

From 1985 Land Rover introduced a third wheelbase to its utility line-up, a 127-inch (3,226 mm) twin-axle vehicle designed to accommodate larger, heavier loads than the One Ten. Naturally called the Land Rover 127, it was designed specifically with use by utility and electrical companies in mind, as well as military usage. In its standard form it is a five-door six-seater consisting of the front half of a One Ten Station Wagon, and the rear of a One Ten High-Capacity Pick Up (HCPU). The logic was that this allowed a workcrew and their equipment to be carried in one vehicle at the same time. The 127 could carry up to 1.4 tons payload, compared to the 1.03 tons payload of the One Ten and the 0.6 tons of the Ninety.

127s were built on a special production line, and all started life as One Ten Station Wagon chassis (the model was initially marketed as the One Ten Crew Cab, before the more logical 127 name was adopted). These were then cut in two and the 17 inches (432 mm) of extra chassis length welded on before the two original halves were reunited. 127s did not receive their own dedicated badging like the other two models, instead they used the same metal grille badges as used on the Series III 109 V8 models, that simply said Land-Rover.

Although the standard body-style was popular, the 127 was a popular basis for conversion to specialist uses, such as mobile workshops, ambulances, fire engines or even flatbed transports. In South Africa, the Land Rover assembly plant there offered a 127 Station Wagon with seating for 15. Land Rover also offered the 127 as a bare chassis, with just front bodywork and bulkhead, for easy conversion.

Initially held back by the low power of the Land Rover engines (other than the thirsty V8 petrol engine), the 127 benefited from the improvements to the line-up, and by 1990 was only available with the two highest power engines, the 134 hp (100 kW) 3.5 litre V8 petrol, and the 85 hp (63 kW) 2.5 litre Diesel Turbo.

Defender 130

[edit]Engine development

The original One Ten of 1983 was available with the same engine line-up as the Series III vehicles it replaced, namely 2.25 litre petrol and diesel engines, and a 3.5 litre V8 petrol unit. The intention had always been to provide more powerful engines as soon as the new vehicles had found their feet and the Series III had ceased production. Indeed, in 1981 the 2.25 litre engines had been upgraded from 3- to 5-crankshaft bearings in preparation for the planned increases in capacity and power.

The 2.5 litre version of the diesel engine, producing 68 hp (51 kW), was introduced in both the One Ten and the newly-arrived Ninety. This was a long-stroke version of the venerable 2.25 litre unit (the new version displaced 2495 cc), fitted with updated fuel injection equipment and a revised cylinder head for quieter, smoother and more efficient running. A timing belt also replaced the older engine's chain.

In 1985 the petrol units were upgraded. An enlarged 4-cylinder engine was introduced. This 83 hp (62 kW) engine shared the same block and coolingsystem (as well as other ancillary components) as the diesel unit. Unlike the diesel engine, this new 2.5 litre petrol engine retained the chain-drivencamshaft of its 2.25 litre predecessor. At the same time, the 114 hp (85 kW) V8 was also made available in the Ninety- the first time a production short-wheelbase Land Rover had been given V8 power. The V8 on both models was now mated to an all-new 5-speed manual gearbox.

Diesel Turbo engine

1986 saw an important development. For many years Land Rovers had been criticised for their low-powered engines, which, despite the recent improvements, still lagged a long way behind much of the competition. Designed to be simple and durable, the engine had worked for decades, but the venerable engines began to feel old-fashioned and underpowered in an era of high horsepower motors. Drivers were less inclined to use the gearbox to compensate for the older motor's relative lack of power. The "Diesel Turbo" engine was introduced to make up for this long-standing shortfall. The engine was essentially a lightly-turbocharged version of the existing 2.5 litre diesel, with several changes to suit the higher power output, including a re-designed crankshaft, teflon-coated pistons and nimonic steel exhaust valves to cope with the higher internal temperatures. Similarly, an 8-blade cooling fan was fitted, together with an oil cooler. The 2.5 diesel, 2.5 petrol and Diesel Turbo engines all shared the same block castings and other components such as valvegear and cooling system parts, allowing them to be built on the same production line. The Diesel Turbo produced 85 hp (63 kW), a 13% increase over the naturally-aspirated unit, and a 31.5% increase in torque to 150 lb·ft (203 N·m) at 1800 rpm. This finally provided a powerful yet economical powerplant for the vehicle. Externally, turbodiesel vehicles differed from other models only by having an air intake grille in the left-hand wing to supply cool air to the turbo. The engine was only intended to be a short term solution to compete with more advanced Japanese competitors, but was quickly adopted as the standard engine for UK and European markets.

Early turbodiesel engines gained a reputation for poor reliability, with major failures to the bottom-end and cracked pistons. A revised block and improved big end bearings were introduced in 1988, and a re-designed breather system in 1989. These largely solved the engine's problems, but it remains (like many early turbodiesels) prone to failure if maintenance is neglected. Well-maintained engines are capable of long service lives in excess of 150,000 miles (240,000 km). Despite its early problems, the Diesel Turbo was a popular engine choice in its time, especially since it offered improved power, torque and economy over the 2.5 litre petrol engine. Contemporary road-testers compared the engine favourably to its Japanese competitors, despite the age of the basic design. Whilst not being able to match the performance of a V8-engined Land Rover, the Diesel Turbo provided adequate performance for most commercial and private buyers and was a key aspect in Land Rover's sales revival (see below).

At the same time that the Diesel Turbo was introduced, the V8 engine was upgraded. Power was increased to 134 hp (100 kW), and SU carburettors replaced the Zenith models used on earlier V8s

Defender

Land Rover Defender

Production	1990-present
Body style(s)	2-door station wagon 4-door station wagon 2-door Single Cab pickup 4-door Double Cab pickup 2-door Hardtop
Engine(s)	2.5 L 107 hp (80 kW) I4 turbo diesel (1990-1994) 2.5 L 111 hp (83 kW) I4 turbo diesel (1994-2007) 3.9L 182 hp (136 kW) V8 petrol 2.5 L 122 hp (91 kW) I5 turbo diesel 2.4 L 122 hp (91 kW) I4 turbo diesel
Transmission(s)	LT77 5 speed manual R380 5 speed manual ZF4-HP22 4 speed automatic 6-speed manual
Wheelbase	92.9 in (2360 mm) (1990s 90) 93 in (2362 mm) (2000s 90) 110 in (2794 mm) (110) 127 in (3226 mm) (130)
Length	144 in (3658 mm) (90 pickup) 153 in (3886 mm) (2000s 90) 172 in (4369 mm) (110 Pickup) 182.3 in (4630 mm) (2000s 110) 183 in (4648 mm) (110 Hardtop) 174.7 in (4437 mm) 157.1 in (3990 mm) (1997-2000s 90) 160.5 in (4077 mm) (1990-94 90) 181.1 in (4600 mm) (1990s 110) (130 Double Cab) 204 in (5182 mm) (130)
Width	70.5 in (1791 mm) (1990s) 70 in (1778 mm) (2000s 90)
Height	80 in (2032 mm) (2000s 90) 80.2 in (2037 mm) (1990s 90) 90.0 in (2286 mm) (110)
Related	Land Rover Wolf Santana PS-10 Iveco Massif

The biggest change to the Land Rover came in late 1990, when it became the Land Rover Defender, instead of the Land Rover Ninety or One Ten. This was because in 1989 the company had introduced the Discovery model, requiring the original Land Rover to acquire a name. The Discovery also had a new turbodiesel engine. This was also loosely based on the existing 2.5 litre turbo unit, and was built on the same production line, but had a modern alloy cylinder head, improved turbocharging, intercooling and direct injection. It retained the block, crankshaft, main bearings, cambelt system and other ancillaries as the Diesel Turbo. The breather system included an oil separator filter to remove oil from the air in the system, thus finally solving the Diesel Turbo's main weakness of re-breathing its own sump oil. The 200Tdi as the new engine was called produced 107 hp (80 kW) and 188 lb·ft (255 N·m) of torque, which was nearly a 25% improvement on the engine it replaced (although as installed in the Defender the engine was de-tuned slightly from its original Discovery specification (111 horsepower) to suit the prolonged periods of low speed, high revving operation that Land Rovers experienced in commercial use, such as when towing heavy loads).

This engine finally allowed the Defender to cruise comfortably at high speeds, as well as tow heavy loads speedily on hills while still being economical. In theory it only replaced the older Diesel Turbo engine in the range, with the other 4-cylinder engines (and the V8 petrol engine) still being available. However, the Tdi's combination of performance and economy meant that it took the vast majority of sales. Exceptions were the British Army and some commercial operators, who continued to buy vehicles with the 2.5 litre naturally-aspirated diesel engine (in the Army's case, this was because the Tdi was unable to be fitted with a 24 volt generator). Small numbers of V8-engined Defenders were sold to users in countries with low fuel costs or who required as much power as possible (such as in Defenders used as fire engines or ambulances).

Along with the 200Tdi engine, the 127's name was changed to the Land Rover Defender 130. The wheelbase remained the same; the new figure was simply a tidying up exercise. More importantly, 130s were no longer built from "cut-and-shut" 110s, but had dedicated chassis built from scratch.

1994 saw another development of the Tdi engine, the 300Tdi. This was the same capacity, and both the Defender and the Discovery had engines in the same state of tune, 111 bhp (83 kW), 195 ft·lbf (264 N·m), and had the same basic layout, but had over 200 changes to improve the refinement and on-road performance of the engine. However, in the process the economy of the engine was reduced slightly, as was the ability for it to be serviced by the owner.

Throughout the 1990s the vehicle attempted to climb more and more upmarket, while remaining true to its working roots. If ordered without any optional extras, the Defender was a basic working tool. If the owner so wished, any number of options and accessories could transform it into a vehicle that was perfectly acceptable as an everyday method of transport, while still retaining excellent off-road abilities. This was epitomised by limited edition vehicles, such as the SV90 in 1992 with roll-over protection cage, alloy wheels and metallic paint and the 50th Anniversary 90 in 1998 equipped with automatic transmission, air conditioning and Range Rover 4.0 litre V8 engine.

A new variant was the Defender 110 Double Cab, featuring a Station Wagon style seating area, with an open pick up back. Although prototypes had been built in the Series days, it was not until the late 1990s that this popular and adaptable vehicle finally reached production.

Military Defenders

Defender 110 patrol vehicles

Land Rover Defender vehicles have been used extensively by many of the world's military forces, including the US in some limited capacity, following experience with the vehicle during the first Gulf War, where US forces found the British Army's vehicles to be more capable and better suited to operation in urban areas and for air-lifting than the Humvee. The British Army has used Land Rovers since the 1950s, as have many countries in theCommonwealth of Nations. The British Army replaced its Series III fleet with One Tens in 1985, with a smaller fleet of Nineties following in 1986. Both used the 2.5 litre naturally-aspirated diesel engine. These older vehicles are reaching the end of their service lives, with many being sold onto the civilian market from the late 1990s.

In 1994 Land Rover created the Defender XD (XD= eXtra Duty) to replace and complement these vehicles. Powered by 300Tdi engines, the XD has a much stronger chassis, with fibre webbing around the welded joints in the chassis and around stress points to massively increase load capacity. The XD was available both in Defender 90 and 110 forms and known to the British Army as Land Rover Wolfs. Usually 110-inch (2,794 mm) Soft or Hard Tops, they are used for patrol, communications and supply duties. 90XDs are less common, but are generally ordered as Soft Top or Hard Top vehicles for light liaison and communications. Short-wheelbase vehicles lack the load capacity needed by modern armies, and the increased power of heavy-lift helicopters has made the larger 110s easily air-transportable- a historic advantage of the smaller, lighter 90.

Land Rover always offered its "Core" military Defenders with the 300Tdi engine rather than the more powerful but more complicated Td₅ engine offered in civilian vehicles. Before the 300Tdi engine was introduced, military Land Rovers were offered with 2.5 litre petrol and diesel engines, as well as the 3.5 litre V8 petrol. Although trials with the Td₅ engine proved it to be reliable in battlefield conditions, it was decided that servicing and repairing its electronic control systems should they fail was too complicated and reliant on having diagnostic computers available. Land Rover were also unable to guarantee they could make the Td₅ resistant to electro-magnetic interference. The Australian Army also tested the Td₅ and found it to be reliable, but was concerned that the extra performance and speed that the engine gave would result in more accidents and vehicle damage on rough tracks when driven by inexperienced drivers, so opted for the older engine as well.

The British police have used Land Rovers (including the Defender) in their service for many years, they are supplied with the entire range from Land Rover itself.

Sussex Police Land Rover

In 2004 a fleet of 12 Long wheelbase 110 Td₅ Land Rovers were produced for the central German Government, varying between 110 Vans, 110 Hi-capacity pick-ups and 110 Station wagons. The German Government did not renew the supply contract after 2006 instead turning to Mercedes for their logistics fleet.

Vehicles produced for the German Government order were produced in metallic grey with white roofs. The electrical installation on these vehicles was a special order and kept "luxury" fittings and fixtures to a bare minimum. Four FFR equipped vehicles were produced to facilitate the VHF radios in service at that time with the German Government and Police authorities. Following the change-over to the Mercedes contract, the German Central Government sold their Td₅ fleet.

With 300Tdi production stopping in 2006, Land Rover is currently gearing up production of a military version of the 4-cylinder DuraTorq engine that is also used as a replacement for the Td₅ in civilian vehicles.

The British Army's Land Rovers have been the subject of much criticism following recent operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. The majority of British Service Land Rovers carry no armour-plating and the composite armoured SNATCH Land Rover (originally designed to withstand small arms fire and hand-launched projectiles as experienced in Northern Ireland) is not immune to the larger roadside bomb and rocket attacks. Some have called for British troops to be equipped with Humvees, or other such vehicles. However, similar criticisms have been levelled at the American vehicle. Other proposals include the South African made RG-31 or similar larger and more heavily armoured trucks or armoured vehicles that provide greater protection.

There have been many rumours about a replacement vehicle type. This is most likely the larger, higher-capacity 4x4 or 6x6 Pinzgauer forward-control vehicle similar to the now disusedLand Rover 101 Forward Control, given that the current Land Rover design is also reaching its weight limits due to the increasing amounts of communications and weapons gear used by modern patrol forces.