<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><rss xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" version="2.0"><channel><title>ABAP REPORTS</title><description>Complete information about ABAP Reports with sample codes.</description><managingEditor>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</managingEditor><pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2025 18:46:59 -0800</pubDate><generator>Blogger http://www.blogger.com</generator><openSearch:totalResults xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/">165</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/">1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/">25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/</link><language>en-us</language><itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit><itunes:subtitle>Complete information about ABAP Reports with sample codes.</itunes:subtitle><itunes:owner><itunes:email>noreply@blogger.com</itunes:email></itunes:owner><item><title>SAP Full Form and Meaning of SPLIT Keyword in ABAP</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2011/05/sap-full-form-and-meaning-of-split.html</link><category>abap syntax</category><category>sap full form</category><category>sap meaning</category><category>Syntax Check</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Tue, 5 Aug 2014 02:13:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-6723244079602643131</guid><description>SAP has its own importance and here in this post we are going to talk about the full form of sap and its meaning and how the keyword SPLIT is used in ABAP programming.Variants1. SPLIT f AT g INTO h1 ... hn.2. SPLIT f AT g INTO TABLE itab.Variant 1SPLIT f AT g INTO h1 ... hn.EffectSplits the contents of the f according to the delimiter g and  places them in the fields h1 to hn ( n &amp;gt;= 2).g is </description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>SAP Basis Transport System continued</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2013/02/sap-basis-transport-system-continued.html</link><category>sap basis</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Tue, 5 Feb 2013 06:00:00 -0800</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-4679150239271973176</guid><description>
In the previous post we are discussing about&amp;nbsp; SAP Basis Change and Transport System Pre Requirements and here is the continuation for that.


Initializing the Transport Domain Controller&amp;nbsp;


To activate the TMS on an R/3 System, run Transaction STMS in client 000 with user&amp;nbsp; authorization S_CTS_ADMIN.If the R/3 System is already assigned to a transport&amp;nbsp; domain, the TMS initial </description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg395cOFlR4xte91Ek0DKLtpL5Z1z_fwy9MdcghCKQNhj5sha2EFQ4Vv9mfOqa3xJsLgT78sKlMhjVc-VnBaPA1FLARRNoH2pahMD75wYTtUbejtYXeQUrY-r1RVNakrAHRGCcOlT8zYSo/s72-c/SAP+Basis+Transport+System+continued.png" width="72"/><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>SAP Basis Change and Transport System Pre Requirements</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2012/10/sap-basis-change-and-transport-system.html</link><category>sap basis</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Sun, 28 Oct 2012 03:46:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-1422725011754786011</guid><description>
To set up your system landscape:&#159;

Install an R/3 System as a development system; the quality assurance and production R/3 Systems are not required at this stage. Create a transport directory at operating system level. This directory is required for the Transport Management System.If you have performed a database copy, initialize the Change and Transport Organizer (CTO) using Transaction SE06.</description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>SAP Basis Software Logistics Introduction</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2012/08/sap-basis-software-logistics.html</link><category>sap basis</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Fri, 31 Aug 2012 21:00:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-2190949227383253720</guid><description>Software logistics gives procedures for improvement and Customizing which enable you to keep order among all the R/three Systems and purchasers in your system landscape.Development and Customizing, quality assurance testing, and production work are performed in completely different clinets in one or more R/3 Systems. Three R/3 Techniques are really useful, to allow you to:Take a look at the </description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8BP0RRkv4vEef_K4IIiYJSsEql8IuJXCU8vZ3Unf1Li2chzRakNvWX0bKRtdVjwzfuHxKaKmqk1F3hOyPNW5lwuAs50pJ3RnoV_Kbwu30EdEZ-LRMpmpu3X6f2WjWzKnj-XeXuE2setk/s72-c/diagram+sap+basis+1.png" width="72"/><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>ERP SAP Installation Concepts for ABAP</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2011/12/erp-sap-installation-concepts-for-abap.html</link><category>sap abap</category><category>SAP Introduction</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Wed, 14 Dec 2011 04:28:00 -0800</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-6614020362904162146</guid><description>ERP SAP Installation Concepts for ABAP are basics that we are going to deal with basic options of installations.As a result of open know-how of R/3 and thus the variety of supported hardware platforms, working techniques,and databases, it is past the scope of this chapter to cowl all installation variants. For a single SAP system or group of related methods, customers don't often set up </description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>SAP Full Form,Meaning and Introduction to ABAP Syntax for START OF SELECTION</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2011/05/sap-full-form-meaning-introduction-to.html</link><category>sap full form</category><category>SAP Introduction</category><category>sap meaning</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Tue, 17 May 2011 23:14:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-5599659520658922533</guid><description>SAP has full form of syntax and programming language named as ABAP and here in this post we are going to see the introduction to sap syntax for the keyword START OF SELECTION in its programming language.Basic formSTART-OF-SELECTION.EffectThis is an event key word. Before the first logical database table access, it introduces any initial processing to be executed prior to the block specified under</description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>SAP Reporting Syntax for SET and Full Form</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2011/05/sap-reporting-syntax-for-set-and-full.html</link><category>sap definition</category><category>sap full form</category><category>sap reporting</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Sun, 8 May 2011 23:58:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-3850338500560773176</guid><description>SAP reporting has a programming language called ABAP and here in this post we are going to explore the keyword SET complete usage in the syntax.SET BLANK LINES ON.SET BLANKS LINES OFF.EffectThese statements allow you to specify whether you want to output blank lines or not. Use SET BLANK LINES ON to output blank lines or SET BLANK LINES OFF to suppress them. The  default setting is SET BLANK </description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>ABAP Reports Syntax for Select Options</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2011/03/abap-reports-syntax-for-select-options.html</link><category>abap syntax</category><category>Syntax Check</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Wed, 2 Mar 2011 08:15:00 -0800</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-727464971570169659</guid><description>Here in this post we are going to have a look at the abap programming language syntax for a key word select optoins.Basic form for this key word is SELECT-OPTIONS sel FOR f.EffectDeclares a variable selection option. This statement only makes sense in reports, i.e. in programs defined as type 1 in the attributes. You can execute reports with the SUBMIT statement. The statements SELECTOPTIONS and </description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>sap programming syntax for select options in abap</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2010/09/sap-programming-syntax-for-select.html</link><category>abap syntax</category><category>Syntax Check</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Sat, 18 Sep 2010 06:51:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-1978670124199078016</guid><description>abap programming use the word select options in its keyword usage to get the required output as shown below.EffectDeclares a variable selection option.This statement only makes sense in reports, i.e. in programs defined as type 1 in the attributes. You can execute reports with the SUBMIT statement. The statements SELECTOPTIONS and PARAMETERS determine the technical interface and the user </description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>abap programming syntax for Select</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2010/09/abap-programming-syntax-for-select.html</link><category>abap syntax</category><category>Syntax Check</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Wed, 1 Sep 2010 00:12:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-6148532307333042682</guid><description>Abap programming has some keywords and select is one of the important one among them.Here is the syntax check for that.Basic formELECT result [target] FROM source [where] [GROUP BY fields] [ORDER BY order].EffectRetrieves an extract and/or a set of data from a database table or view (see Relational database ). SELECT belongs to the OPEN SQL command set.Each SELECT command consists of a series of </description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>sap programming syntax for keyword search</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2010/06/sap-programming-syntax-for-keyword.html</link><category>sap programming</category><category>SEARCH</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Fri, 11 Jun 2010 04:33:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-4795638472981523725</guid><description>sap programming is done with a language called ABAP and it has some important keywords and search is one among them.Its usage is given as shown below.SEARCH f FOR g.Additions1. ... ABBREVIATED2. ... STARTING AT n13. ... ENDING AT n24. ... AND MARKEffectSearches the field f for the string in the field g . This string can have any of the following formats:'str' a character string (trailing blanks </description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>SAP ABAP Programming Syntax for Scroll Keyword</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2010/05/sap-abap-programming-syntax-for-scroll.html</link><category>abap reports revealed completely</category><category>abap syntax</category><category>sap abap</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Thu, 27 May 2010 22:54:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-4539901432502972944</guid><description>SAP ABAP programming language has some keywords and they have some rules to follow while using them during programming the ERP language.It is as given below.The return code value is set as follows:SY-SUBRC = 0 O.K.SY_SUBRC = 4 List limits have been reached - scrolling not possibleSY-SUBRC = 8 List does not exist - scrolling not possibleVariant 1SCROLL LIST TO FIRST PAGE.Additions1. ... INDEX idx2</description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>ABAP Programming Syntax for Scan keyword</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2010/04/abap-programming-syntax-for-scan.html</link><category>Syntax Check</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Wed, 21 Apr 2010 05:49:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-1891715056693301882</guid><description>ABAP programming language has some keywords and scan is one among them.The syntax for this programming word is as shown below.Basic formSCAN ABAP-SOURCE itab1 TOKENS INTO itab2STATEMENTS INTO itab3.EffectBreaks down the ABAP/4 source code in the source code table itab1 into tokens according to the rules of the ABAP/4 scanner. The tokens are written - one per line - to the token table itab2 . The </description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>SAP ABAP  Syntax for Report in Programming</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2010/03/sap-abap-syntax-for-report-in.html</link><category>Syntax Check</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Sat, 13 Mar 2010 20:08:00 -0800</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-4216831641243078877</guid><description>Report is the key word used in sap abap programming and here we are going to learn about the way it is used in writing the code for programming this abap language.EffectIntroduces the report. You can choose any name you like up to 8 characters long.ExampleREPORT ZREPNAME.Only standard SAP reports should begin with 'R'.Addition 1... NO STANDARD PAGE HEADINGEffectSuppresses output of the standard </description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>SAP ABAP Syntax for Refresh mysap programming</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2010/01/sap-abap-syntax-for-refresh-mysap.html</link><category>Syntax Check</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Tue, 26 Jan 2010 06:57:00 -0800</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-7787883814227049130</guid><description>Refresh is the key word used in sap abap programming to get the fresh and modified data from mysap server. The previous programming sap abap key word is regarding recieve.Basic formREFRESH CONTROL ctrl FROM SCREEN scr.EffectInitializes the control ctrl defined by a CONTROLS statement according to its description in the screen scr . The screen scr does not have to match the initial screen for the </description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>SAP ABAP Syntax for Receive Keyword</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2009/12/sap-abap-syntax-for-receive-keyword.html</link><category>Syntax Check</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Thu, 24 Dec 2009 21:23:00 -0800</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-4078072028119501132</guid><description>Receive is the keyword used in abap programming of sap erp and its syntax is explained Below.The previous post deals with read keyword of sap abap.Basic formREPLACE f WITH g INTO h.Addition... LENGTH len (length specification for field f )EffectReplaces the first occurrence of the contents of field f in field h with the contents of field g . All  fields are handled in their defined length; this </description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>ABAP Syntax for Read in SAP Programming</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2009/11/abap-syntax-for-read-in-sap-programming.html</link><category>Syntax Check</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 06:14:00 -0800</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-5849412538967832078</guid><description>ABAP programming is used for SAP is used to extract data from R/3 data base and here we are going to learn about syntax of key word READ.  Our previous discussion is regarding sap syntax for provide.READ  Determine calendar informationThe READ CALENDAR statement exists only in the R/2 System.In the R/3 System, the following function modules are substituted:· DATE_COMPUTE_DAY : Returns the day for</description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">1</thr:total></item><item><title>SAP Programming Syntax for Provide in ABAP</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2009/10/sap-programming-syntax-for-provide-in.html</link><category>Syntax Check</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Thu, 15 Oct 2009 09:58:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-3239995952233125740</guid><description>The sap programming language ABAP syntax for provide is discussed here in detail and we have done about print control in the previous post.Basic formPROVIDE f1 f2 ... FROM itab1g1 g2 ... FROM itab2...* FROM itabi...BETWEEN f AND g.EffectRetrieves the contents of the specified fields from the internal tables ( itab1 , itab2 , ...) and places them in the table header lines within the required range</description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>SAP programming Syntax Print Control ABAP</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2009/09/sap-programming-syntax-print-control.html</link><category>Syntax Check</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Sun, 27 Sep 2009 20:41:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-646712918080010298</guid><description>Syntax check for perform in sap programming is the previous topic of ABAP and now we are going to discuss deal with print control syntax of sap.EffectDetermines the desired print format for the subsequent characters, starting from the current output position.You define the output position either implicitly:· Line 1/column 1 before the first WRITE output on the current page.· Line and column of </description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>SAP Programming syntax Perform code</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2009/09/sap-programming-syntax-perform-code.html</link><category>Syntax Check</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2009 21:56:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-594812036033314733</guid><description>We are discussing regarding SAP programming language ABAP and its syntax for perform and it is the continuation of it.Variant 5PERFORM n ON COMMITAddition1. ... LEVEL levelEffectExecutes the specified subroutine when a COMMIT WORK occurs. This allows you to execute a subroutine only if the logical transaction has ended successfully. The subroutine is not executed until the key word COMMIT WORK is</description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>ABAP Syntax Code for Perform in  SAP Programming</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2009/09/abap-code-syntax-sap-programming.html</link><category>Syntax Check</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Thu, 3 Sep 2009 04:29:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-528058636106853946</guid><description>ABAP Code for programming SAP data retrieval has a key word perform and the previous post deals with syntax of perform and this is in continuation of that. Variant 3PERFORM form IN PROGRAM prog.Additions1. ... USING p1 p2 p3 ...2. ... CHANGING p1 p2 p3 ...3. ... TABLES itab1 itab2 ...4. ... IF FOUNDEffectSimilar to variation 2 (external PERFORM ), except that here you can specify both the </description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>SAP ABAP Syntax for Perform part two</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2009/07/sap-abap-syntax-for-perform-part-two.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2009 09:31:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-494730905324627578</guid><description>SAP ABAP Syntax for Perform is discussed in the previous post and it is in continuation with it.Addition 3... TABLES itab1 itab2 ...EffectYou use TABLES to pass internal tables to subroutines.ExampleDATA: BEGIN OF ITAB OCCURS 100,TEXT(50),NUMBER TYPE I,END OF ITAB.STRUC LIKE T005T....PERFORM DISPLAY TABLES ITABUSING STRUC.FORM DISPLAY TABLES PAR_ITAB STRUCTURE ITABUSING PAR STRUCTURE T005T.DATA </description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>SAP ABAP Syntax for Perform</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2009/07/sap-abap-syntax-for-perform.html</link><category>Syntax Check</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2009 08:57:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-8046115945510142804</guid><description>The sap abap syntax for perform has different variants an shown below.Variant 1PERFORM form.Additions1. ... USING p1 p2 p3 ...2. ... CHANGING p1 p2 p3 ...3. ... TABLES itab1 itab2 ...EffectCalls the subroutine form specified in the FORM statement. On completion, processing in the main program resumes.ExamplePERFORM HELP_ME....FORM HELP_ME....ENDFORM.The PERFORM statement calls the subroutine </description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>SAP ABAP Syntax for Parameters part five</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2009/06/sap-abap-syntax-for-parameters-part.html</link><category>Syntax Check</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Sat, 20 Jun 2009 22:12:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-1482978981764477946</guid><description>This post is in continuation with previous post about SAP ABAP syntax for parameters part four.Addition 15... VALUE-REQUESTEffectThis addition is only allowed for database-specific parameters in the INCLUDE DBldbSEL . It  permits self-programmed value help (for report-specific parameters, this is achieved by specifying the event key word AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR ... ). The </description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item><item><title>SAP ABAP Syntax for Parameters part Four</title><link>http://abapreports.blogspot.com/2009/05/sap-abap-syntax-for-parameters-part_14.html</link><category>INTERACTIVE REPORT SAMPLE CODE</category><category>SAMPLE CODES</category><category>Syntax Check</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)</author><pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2009 05:52:00 -0700</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-597665078531629140.post-3159044434031488051</guid><description>SAP ABAP Syntax for parameters  were previously discussed in part one, two and three and the present post is in continuation with it.Addition 13... FOR TABLE dbtabEffectAssigns the database-specific parameter p to the table dbtab . This addition only makes sense in a logical database access program.With database-specific parameters, you need this addition to ensure that the selection screen for a</description><thr:total xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0">0</thr:total></item></channel></rss>