Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)- A Better Solution

gmandler — Tue, 24 Feb 2026 00:15:37 +0000

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) does not have a single cause — and that’s one of the reasons it can be so frustrating to treat. In my clinical experience, IBS develops from a combination of factors rather than one isolated issue. Stress, anxiety, food sensitivities, disrupted digestion, and nervous system imbalance are among the most common contributors I see.

My approach to IBS focuses on identifying why your digestive system is reacting the way it is, and then restoring normal function using acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicine, and targeted nutritional support.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Has Many Causes — and They Often Overlap

IBS rarely exists in a vacuum. Most patients I see have more than one contributing factor at play, even if one symptom seems dominant. The most common patterns I treat include:

Food sensitivities and impaired digestion
Chronic stress or anxiety affecting gut function
Nervous system dysregulation
Recurring bloating, gas, or altered bowel habits
A history of restrictive diets or repeated antibiotic use

Understanding which combination applies to you is the key to lasting improvement.

Food Sensitivities: Often a Result, Not the Root Cause

Food sensitivities are extremely common in IBS, but they are often misunderstood. While certain foods may trigger symptoms, the deeper issue is often a digestive system that is no longer breaking down food properly or tolerating a normal variety.

In practice, I often find that food sensitivities improve when we:

Strengthen digestive function through Chinese Medicine and Nutraceuticals
Reduce inflammation and gut reactivity
Calm the nervous system
Restore normal digestive signaling

Simply removing more and more foods may provide temporary relief, but it rarely solves the underlying problem—and can sometimes weaken digestion over time.

SIBO: A Symptom, Not the Root Problem

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) has become a very popular diagnosis in recent years. While SIBO is real, it is important to understand that it is usually not the root cause — it is a result of underlying dysfunction.

SIBO is not new. Descriptions of digestive patterns that closely resemble what we now label as SIBO appear in Chinese herbal medicine texts written over 1,800 years ago. The difference today is the name — not the physiology.

Conventional treatment often relies on:

A low-FODMAP or highly restrictive diet
Antibiotics or antimicrobial protocols

Many people feel better initially. However, symptoms frequently return once antibiotics are stopped or dietary restrictions are loosened, because the reason the overgrowth developed was never addressed.

By using acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicine, and nutritional therapy, I focus on correcting the underlying issues — such as impaired motility, weakened digestion, and nervous system imbalance — so that IBS and SIBO symptoms resolve without constantly chasing them.

Stress, Anxiety, and the Nervous System’s Role in IBS

Stress and anxiety play a major role in IBS — not because symptoms are “in your head,” but because digestion is directly regulated by the nervous system.

When the nervous system is stuck in a stress response, digestion suffers. Motility changes, sensitivity increases, and normal digestive signaling breaks down. This is why many people notice IBS symptoms worsen during stressful periods, travel, or emotional strain — even when their diet stays the same.

I find acupuncture to be one of the most effective tools for regulating the nervous system and restoring proper gut–brain communication. As the nervous system calms, digestive symptoms often improve naturally.

Chinese Herbal Medicine for Digestive Patterns

Chinese herbal medicine has an exceptionally long and well-documented history in the treatment of digestive disorders. We have over 1,800 years of recorded case studies, formulas, and clinical refinements that specifically address patterns closely aligned with modern IBS.

Rather than treating IBS as one condition, Chinese medicine evaluates individual digestive patterns — allowing treatment to be precise, personalized, and effective. When appropriate, I incorporate herbal formulas to support digestion, regulate bowel function, and reduce hypersensitivity.

This pattern-based approach is one of the reasons Chinese medicine works so well for IBS when other methods fall short.

My Approach to IBS Care

When you work with me for IBS, I look at the whole picture — not just isolated symptoms. We consider:

Digestive patterns and symptom history
Food reactions and dietary stress
Nervous system health
Energy, sleep, and overall resilience
What you’ve already tried — and why it may not have worked

Treatment is individualized, practical, and designed to evolve as your digestion strengthens and becomes more stable.

IBS may be complex, but it is highly responsive when treated in a supportive, regulating fashion.

Take the Next Step

You do not have to manage IBS indefinitely by avoiding foods, planning your life around symptoms, or hoping flare-ups won’t happen. With the right support, digestion can become calmer, more predictable, and far less reactive.

If you’re ready to address IBS by treating the underlying causes — not just managing symptoms — I invite you to schedule an appointment.

Book an Appointment today.

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Acupuncture Should Be First Line Treament for Low Back Pain in Older Adults

gmandler — Sun, 12 Oct 2025 10:48:50 +0000

I have long known that Acupuncture is an effective treatment for low back pain. The Saam Acupuncture style I practice is very effective, using very few needles, as I often say, “every day I see miracles in the clinic.” Here is a study examining more conventional acupuncture treatments, which utilize ‘local’ treatments—treating the area near the site of the pain—and also incorporate some standard ‘distal’ acupuncture points.

This study randomly assigned 800 adults to three groups: the “Usual standard of care” (UMC), 265 participants received standard acupuncture over 12 weeks, and 269 received standard acupuncture plus electroacupuncture.

A disability scale used at 6 months measured pain levels, showing acupuncture to be far better than UMC. Additionally, the advantage of acupuncture over UMC on reducing disability persisted at 12 months without any additional treatments. This suggests that the acupuncture sessions successfully reduced pain, even though no one received acupuncture during those six months.

The authors concluded that “acupuncture needling provided greater improvements in back pain–related disability at 6 months and 12 months compared with UMC alone. These findings support acupuncture needling as an effective and safe treatment option for older adults with chronic low back pain.”

For those over 65, Medicare covers acupuncture for low back pain. As a dietitian, I am also eligible for Medicare and can provide covered acupuncture treatments to people over 65. Most acupuncturists are not covered by Medicare, which is a shortcoming of the government.

References

PMID: 40938602. [PubMed] [Read by QxMD]

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Acupuncture Effective for Senior Low Back Pain

gmandler — Sat, 20 Sep 2025 19:18:20 +0000

A recent study demonstrated that acupuncture is effective for low back pain in seniors. Medicare covers low back pain; however, the irony is that acupuncturists are not on Medicare. Fortunately, I am a dietitian as well, so I am a Medicare provider and can offer treatments for low back pain that are covered by Medicare, starting January 1, 2026.

The findings of this study concluded: “…acupuncture needling provided greater improvements in back pain–related disability at 6 months and at 12 months compared with usual medical care alone. These findings support acupuncture needling as an effective and safe treatment option for older adults with chronic low back pain.

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Comprehesive Acupuncture Review

gmandler — Sat, 20 Sep 2025 17:24:02 +0000

A recently published paper is the most comprehensive review of acupuncture to date. This review builds on the ‘Acupuncture Evidence Project’, which was published in 2016, with an additional 862 high-quality studies evaluated. I know acupuncture works in the clinic because the Saam style I practice allows me to see what I consider miracles every day. However, translating what happens in the clinic to acupuncture research is challenging because I can deliver 10 acupuncture treatments for the same disease or treat 10 different diseases with the same acupuncture approach. Therefore, demonstrating that acupuncture is effective in a research setting is even more impressive.

The review confirms evidence of acupuncture’s beneficial effects for the following conditions:

• Chronic pain

• Postoperative nausea

• Low back pain

• Knee osteoarthritis

• Migraine prophylaxis

• Tension-type headache

• Cancer-related fatigue

• Menopause

• Female infertility

• Chronic prostatitis

It also confirms acupuncture’s evidence of potential positive effect for EIGHTY-TWO other conditions, including:

• Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)

• Bell’s palsy

• Breech presentation

• Fibromyalgia

• Hormone therapy-related effects

• Hypertension

• Insomnia

• Postoperative pain

• Rheumatoid arthritis

• Sciatica

• Urinary incontinence

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Nuts for Fertile Nuts

gmandler — Mon, 18 Mar 2024 15:10:49 +0000

I treat at least a couple of ‘infertility’ cases per day in the clinic using both acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine to improve physiological health and thus increase success rates for fertility. However, it drives me nuts that 90% of the time, when there is a sperm-carrying partner, he does not come in for an appointment. All the onus of infertility is put on the woman when, 50% of the time, there is a male factor preventing a successful pregnancy. Even fertility clinics do not care much about sperm if there is a good semen analysis. A semen analysis does not tell us anything about the chromosomal health of the sperm, which can be measured with various types of DNA fragmentation tests. “Routine semen analysis does not assess all aspects of sperm quality. [Sperm DNA Fragmentation] is used to assess the integrity of sperm chromatin and may be a better predictor of male fertility and reproductive outcomes than conventional semen parameters.”

Sperm respond quicker to the environment than ova, both in a negative and positive way. On the positive side, it has been shown in the FERTINUTS study that diet changes can improve sperm DNA and overall semen analysis rather quickly. A 14-week study of 119 ‘healthy’ men ages 18-35 randomized into two groups. It takes about 72-75 days to go through the process of spermatogenesis to ejaculate. Fourteen weeks is 98 days. One group was fed the usual Western-style diet enriched with 60 g of a mixture of nuts/d (nut group), and the other was fed the typical Western-style diet avoiding nuts (control group). What they found was nuts. Compared with the control group, improvements in total sperm count, vitality, total motility, progressive motility, and sperm morphology were observed in the nut group. Participants in the nut group showed a significant reduction in sperm DNA fragmentation as well.

My Thoughts

There are many seedy journals with questionable studies, but this was not one of them. It was published in the well-respected American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. I think it is fantastic (or nuts) that the only change in diet was adding more nutrition. But by adding in the nuts, those participants increased total fat consumption, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, magnesium, vitamin E, α-linolenic acid, and total omega-3 (n–3). This also improved their ω-3:ω-6 ratio intake during the intervention. Those nutritional changes improved their semen quality in 14 weeks, which is impressive.

The one caveat is that these were younger men under 35 years old. It is known that older men, indeed over 40, carry way more inflammatory baggage and poorer sperm counts, as well as an increased risk of infertility. With that said, I bet changes could be made to older sperm. In addition, it is never too late to start eating a healthier diet.

Contact me for a Chinese Medicine fertility consultation. Also, please visit my other site for more information.

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Chinese Herbal Medicine Reduces Sjögren’s Risk

gmandler — Thu, 03 Sep 2020 15:02:50 +0000

There have been many publications recently on the benefit of Chinese Herbal medicine for Covid which doesn’t surprise any of us herbalists. We have all seen clinically how Chinese Herbal Medicine can correct imbalances and restore physiological function. Below is another example of a recent publication showing that it can help reduce the risk of Sjögren’s. Of course I have also had great success using acupuncture to treat the symptoms of Sjögren’s.

Relationship between the use of Chinese herbal medicines and Sjögren syndrome risk among women with menopause: a retrospective cohort study

Yu-Jung Chung¹, Chang-Kuo Wei^{2 3}, Hanoch Livneh⁴, Ning-Sheng Lai^{3 5}, Ming-Chi Lu^{3 5}, Hou-Hsun Liao^{1 6}, Tzung-Yi Tsai^{7 8 9}

Abstract

Objective: Menopausal women appear to report a higher risk of Sjögren syndrome (SS). Although Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) are proven to lower SS risk, the scientific evidence of whether it can lessen the occurrence of SS among menopausal women is limited. This longitudinal cohort study aimed to clarify the relationship between CHMs use and SS risk in menopausal women.

Methods: Using a nationwide claims data, we enrolled 31,917 women with first-time diagnosed menopause who simultaneously were free of SS between 2000 and 2007. Among them, we randomly selected 12,757 CHMs users and 12,757 non-CHMs users using propensity scores matching. All participants were followed until the end of 2012 to record SS incidence. The hazard ratio of SS with regard to CHMs use was estimated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results: In the follow-up period, 589 CHMs users and 644 non-CHMs users developed SS, representing incidence rates of 5.12 and 6.40, respectively, per 1,000 person-years. CHMs use was associated with a 21% lower subsequent risk of SS (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.71-0.89). Six commonly prescribed CHMs were discovered to be associated with lower SS risk: Ge-Gen-Tang, Zhi-Gan-Cao-Tag, Da-Huang, Ye-Jiao-Teng, Tian-Hua-Fen, and Bo-Zi-Ren.

Conclusions: A statistically significant association was found between CHMs use and lower risk of SS onset in menopausal women, suggesting that CHMs could be considered to integrate it into conventional therapy to reduce subsequent SS risk for menopausal women.

References

PMID: 32881834. [PubMed] [Read by QxMD]

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Acupuncture’s Immune Modulating Anti-Inflammatory Effect

gmandler — Sun, 16 Aug 2020 18:00:39 +0000

A recent study I saw on the Harvard Medical School website gave some kudos to the immune modulating effect of acupuncture and how it can quiet a cytokine storm in mice. The article provides detailed western neuroimmunological evidence on potential mechanisms of action. It is interesting for many to understand how acupuncture may modulate an immune response. However all I care about is using my Chinese Medicine diagnosis skills which have stood the test of time and see the results in my patients.

In this particular case they are looking at the cytokine storm which can be deadly in COVID. Reports for the field of doctors in China experienced vast improvement in their hospitalized COVID patients when they received acupuncture.

A team of researchers led by neuroscientists at Harvard Medical School has successfully used acupuncture to tame cytokine storms in mice with systemic inflammation.

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In the study, published Aug. 12 in Neuron, acupuncture activated different signaling pathways that triggered either a pro-inflammatory or an anti-inflammatory response in animals with bacterially induced systemic inflammation.

Get more HMS news here

Further, the team found that three factors determined how acupuncture affected response: site, intensity and timing of treatment. Where in the body the stimulation occurred, how strong it was and when the stimulation was administered yielded dramatically different effects on inflammatory markers and survival.

The team’s experiments represent a critical step toward defining the neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying acupuncture and offer a roadmap for harnessing the approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

The scientists caution, however, that before any therapeutic use, the observations must be confirmed in further research—in animals as well as in humans—and the optimal parameters for acupuncture stimulation must be carefully defined.

“Our findings represent an important step in ongoing efforts not only to understand the neuroanatomy of acupuncture but to identify ways to incorporate it into the treatment arsenal of inflammatory diseases, including sepsis,” said study principal investigator Qiufu Ma, professor of neurobiology in the Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School and a researcher at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.

In the study, acupuncture stimulation influenced how animals coped with cytokine storm—the rapid release of large amounts of cytokines, inflammation-fueling molecules.

The phenomenon has gained mainstream attention as a complication of severe COVID-19, but this aberrant immune reaction can occur in the setting of any infection and has been long known to physicians as a hallmark of sepsis, an organ-damaging, often-fatal inflammatory response to infection.

Sepsis is estimated to affect 1.7 million people in the United States and 30 million people worldwide each year.

Acupuncture, rooted in traditional Chinese medicine, has recently grown more integrated into Western medicine, particularly for the treatment of chronic pain and gastrointestinal disorders.

The approach involves mechanical stimulation of certain points on the body’s surface—known as acupoints. The stimulation purportedly triggers nerve signaling and remotely affects the function of internal organs corresponding to specific acupoints.

Yet, the basic mechanisms underlying acupuncture’s action and effect have not been fully elucidated.

The new study is an important step in mapping the neuroanatomy of acupuncture, the research team said.

As a neurobiologist who studies the fundamental mechanisms of pain, Ma has been curious about the biology of acupuncture for years.

He was intrigued by a 2014 paper which showed that using acupuncture in mice could alleviate systemic inflammation by stimulating the vagal-adrenal axis—a signaling pathway in which the vagus nerve carries signals to the adrenal glands—to trigger the glands to release dopamine.

Ma’s curiosity was further intensified by work published in 2016 showing that vagus-nerve stimulation tamed the activity of inflammatory molecules and lessened symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.

In the current study, researchers used electroacupuncture—a modern version of the traditional manual approach that involves the insertion of ultra-thin needles just under the skin in various areas of the body.

Instead of needles, electroacupuncture uses very thin electrodes inserted into the skin and into the connective tissue, offering better control of stimulation intensities.

Building on previous research pointing to neurotransmitters’ role in inflammation regulation, the researchers focused on two specific cell types known to secrete them—chromaffin cells that reside in the adrenal glands and noradrenergic neurons that are located in the peripheral nerve system and directly connected to the spleen through an abundance of nerve fibers.

Chromaffin cells are the body’s main producers of the stress hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline and of dopamine, while noradrenergic neurons release noradrenaline.

In addition to their well-established functions, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, the researchers said, appear to play a role in inflammation response—an observation that’s been borne out in previous research and is now reaffirmed in the experiments of the current study.

The team wanted to determine the precise role these nerve cells play in the inflammatory response. To do so, they used a novel genetic tool to ablate chromaffin cells or noradrenergic neurons.

This allowed them to compare the response to inflammation in mice with and without these cells to determine just whether and how they were involved in modulating inflammation. The markedly different response in mice with and without such cells conclusively pinpointed these nerve cells as key regulators of inflammation.

In one set of experiments, researchers applied low-intensity electroacupuncture (0.5 milliamperes) to a specific point on the hind legs of mice with cytokine storm caused by a bacterial toxin. This stimulation activated the vagus-adrenal axis, inducing secretion of dopamine from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal glands.

Animals treated this way had lower levels of three key types of inflammation-inducing cytokines and had greater survival than control mice—60 percent of acupuncture-treated animals survived, compared with 20 percent of untreated animals.

Intriguingly, the researchers observed, the vagus-adrenal axis could be activated through hindlimb electroacupuncture but not from abdominal acupoints—a finding that shows the importance of acupoint selectivity in driving specific anti-inflammatory pathways.

In another experiment, the team delivered high-intensity electroacupuncture (3 milliamperes) to the same hindleg acupoint as well as to an acupoint on the abdomen of mice with sepsis.

That stimulation activated noradrenergic nerve fibers in the spleen. The timing of treatment was critical, the researchers observed. High-intensity stimulation of the abdomen produced markedly different outcomes depending on when treatment occurred.

Animals treated with acupuncture immediately before they developed cytokine storm, experienced lower levels of inflammation during subsequent disease and fared better. This preventive measure of high-intensity stimulation increased survival from 20 to 80 percent. By contrast, animals that received acupuncture after disease onset and during the peak of cytokine storm experienced worse inflammation and more severe disease.

The findings demonstrate how the same stimulus could produce dramatically different results depending on location, timing and intensity.

“This observation underscores the idea that if practiced inappropriately, acupuncture could have detrimental results, which I don’t think is something people necessarily appreciate,” Ma said.

If borne out in further work, Ma added, the findings suggest the possibility that electroacupuncture could one day be used as a versatile treatment modality—from adjunct therapy for sepsis in the intensive care unit to more targeted treatment of site-specific inflammation, such as in inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Another possible use, Ma said, would be to help modulate inflammation resulting from cancer immune therapy, which while lifesaving can sometimes trigger cytokine storm due to overstimulation of the immune system. Acupuncture is already used as part of integrative cancer treatment to help patients cope with side effects of chemotherapy and other cancer treatments.

References

PMID: 32843234. [PubMed] [Read by QxMD]

PMID: 32791039. [PubMed] [Read by QxMD]

PMID: 18355649. [PubMed] [Read by QxMD]

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Chinese Medicine & Epidemics

gmandler — Wed, 15 Apr 2020 18:26:47 +0000

Traditionally practiced Chinese Medicine with diagnostic differentiation has been used for millennia to treat many of the same diseases we see today. it is frustrating to me that Chinese Medicine is not part of the conversation to help ameliorate Covid-19 severity.

I am certain 100% in my heart that Chinese Medicine can keep people out of hospitals and lessen the severity of symptoms. We have seen many examples of this from China and I have personally experienced it with my own patients and colleague’s patients. Chinese medicine does not act an anti-viral medicine, what it does is help restore function so the body can handle the viral insult. I see people hawking herbal products that are anti-viral but that puts the focus on the pathogen while Chinese Medicine focuses on the presentation of the person to choose an herbal formula.

In addition information about Chinese Medicine is being purposely suppressed. For example I run Google Adwords around my Stow office with keywords such as “acupuncture near me”. “find acupuncturist”, “Chinese Medicine herbalist”. However since March 10 Google is no longer displays any ads with ‘acupuncture’ ‘Chinese herbal’ . Google suppressed the ads! Why? Even more frustrating is that if one Googles “Acupuncture” “Chinese Herbal Medicine” a red Covid-19 warning box pops up.

In ancient China, over thousands of years, innumerable and valuable experiences have been recorded in the course of fighting epidemics. From 171 to 185 AD, there were several great pandemics in China. Thousands of people lost their lives. For this reason, Chinese medical practitioners in ancient China were already concerned with epidemics, which were described as ‘exogenous febrile diseases’ (EFD). Many Chinese medicine practitioners devoted their whole lives to the study of methods of prevention and treatment of pandemics. Since the Han Dynasty (206 BC to AD 220) nearly every medical book has emphasized the importance of the study of epidemics. There must be around 250 texts written on epidemics from ancient China.
– Int J Infect Dis. 2007 Jul;11(4):360-4. “What happened in China during the 1918 influenza pandemic?” Click here to access.

Since the Han Dynasty (206 BC – AD 220), especially since the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368 – 1911), China has accumulated rich experience in preventing and controlling contagious diseases. According to A History of Plague in China (Zhongguo Yibing Shijian), China has witnessed over 300 epidemics in the over two millenniums since the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC – AD 24). Thanks to TCM, throughout the history of China, there has never been a tragedy in which millions of people died like the 1918 flu pandemic, and the Black Death, which swept across Europe in the 14th century.
“TCM plays key role in containing epidemics in Chinese history.” Click here to access.

During this physical isolation I use tele-consults and detailed questions as well as tongue presentation to make a diagnosis. I have studied many Covid-19 cases and know I can dial in a custom formula. Ideally we want to get a patient taking a formula that day or the next as Covid19 symptoms can change daily. Understand that a person with similar symptoms may have completely different formulas based on their constitution and other symptoms.
Chinese Medicine should absolutely be a major part of the conversation to help mitigate the severity of Covid-19 symptoms. It is just as important in 2020 CE as it was in 200 CE in addressing epidemic illnesses.

Disclaimer – I am not a medical doctor. I have Master’s degree in Nutrition and Chinese Medicine. Please consult your physician before doing anything for prevention or treatment of COVID-19, and please seek the help of a physician immediately if you believe you may have COVID-19.

References

Yang Y1, Islam MS1, Wang J1, Li Y1, Chen X1. Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Patients Infected with 2019-New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A Review and Perspective. Int J Biol Sci. 2020 Mar 15;16(10):1708-1717. PMID: 32226288. [PubMed] [Read by QxMD]

Cheng KF1, Leung PC. What happened in China during the 1918 influenza pandemic? Int J Infect Dis. 2007 Jul;11(4):360-4. PMID: 17379558. [PubMed] [Read by QxMD]

Luo E#1, Zhang D#1, Luo H#1, Liu B1, Zhao K2,3, Zhao Y1, Bian Y1, Wang Y1. Treatment efficacy analysis of traditional Chinese medicine for novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): an empirical study from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Chin Med. 2020 Apr 15;15:34. PMID: 32308732. [PubMed] [Read by QxMD]

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Acupuncture for Chronic Pain

gmandler — Mon, 06 Jan 2020 02:29:37 +0000

A meta-analysis of previously published acupuncture research articles has concluded that acupuncture is effective for a number of chronic pain conditions. The new meta-analysis incorporated data from 20,827 patients over 39 acupuncture trials. In four of every five RCTs, patients underwent between six and fifteen acupuncture sessions. The majority of patients received acupuncture one to two times per week. For most the typical acupuncture session lasted less than 30 minutes.

[betterpullquote align=”full” cite=”” link=”” color=”” class=”” size=””]The results confirm and strengthen previous key findings that acupuncture has a clinically relevant effect compared with no acupuncture control,”[/betterpullquote]

Results indicated that the effects of acupuncture were persistent over time, and that the benefits could not be explained away by the placebo effect. They suggested that acupuncture would be “a reasonable option” to consider in patients with chronic pain

References

Vickers AJ1, Vertosick EA2, Lewith G3, MacPherson H4, Foster NE5, Sherman KJ6, Irnich D7, Witt CM8, Linde K9; Acupuncture Trialists’ Collaboration. Acupuncture for Chronic Pain: Update of an Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. J Pain. 2018 May;19(5):455-474. PMID: 29198932. [PubMed] [Read by QxMD]

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