AGA COLLECTION

Living English Tenses: Appendix 4

2011-01-02T18:41:00.005+07:00

Aga Collection

Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging, Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos ('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)

Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, Kode Pos 16437,

HP.: 081281821603, E-mail:

Produk-produk berkualitas kami terdiri dari berbagai macam kualitas sesuai pesanan Anda.

LIVING ENGLISH TENSES: APPENDIX 4. Verbs that cannot usually be used in Continuous or Progressive Forms
by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

Jika Anda merasa dan berpendapat tulisan ini bermanfaat dan berdayaguna untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan studi (pembelajaran dan perbandingan), namun di sisi lain perlu adanya revisi atau perbaikan isi dan penampilan.... Agar setiap catatan dan tulisan ini lebih bermakna untuk kepentingan khalayak, melalui pesan singkat ini Penulis berharap ada pembaca yang ikhlas dan siap menyisihkan untuk donasi via link PayPal di bawah ini. Dengan tidak mengurangi rasa keikhlasan dan hormat penulis kepada Anda, pengunjung yang budiman dan dermawan, terima kasih atas partisipasi yang telah diberikan. Salam sukses selalu.

Pendahuluan - untuk pelajar

Banyak sekali orang yang mempelajari Bahasa Inggris yang khawatir sekali berkenaan dengan tenses. Seandainya Anda menghentikan 100 (seratus) penutur asli Bahasa Inggris di jalanan dan menanyakan kepada mereka tentang tenses ini, salah satu dari mereka mungkin memberikan sebuah jawaban cerdas – itupun jika Anda beruntung. Sisanya yang 99 (Sembilan Puluh Sembilan) hanya mengetahui sedikit tentang istilah-istilah seperti "past perfect" atau "present continuous". Dan mereka tidak akan mengetahui hal yang berkenaan dengan aspek, kalimat atau rasa (mood). Tapi, mereka dapat berbicara Bahasa Inggris dengan lancar dan berkomunikasi dengan efektif. Tentu saja, untuk Bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa kedua (English as a Second Language – ESL) akan terasa membantu mengenal beragam tenses, namun hal tersebut jangan menghantui pikiran. Jadilah seperti para penutur tadi! Berbicaralah secara wajar dan alamiah!

Living English Tenses adalah sebuah tulisan, yang bukan saja sebagai dewi penolong, tetapi juga merupakan tulisan referensi dan latihan lengkap tentang Tenses Bahasa Inggris bagi para pelajar yang diracik untuk Anda yang ingin memperdalam banyak hal tentang kalimat satu dengan lainnya di dalam TENSES.

Tulisan ini dapat membantu dalam menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan Anda, seperti:

Unsur-unsur apa sajakah yang terdapat di dalam suatu kalimat sederhana?
Bagaimana penerapan jenis-jenis kata di dalam pola kalimat sederhana?
Bagaimana pembuatan pola kalimat setiap tenses?
Kapankah kita dapat menggunakan The Simple Present Tense, The Simple Past Tense, The Simple Future Tense, The Past Future Tense, The Past Future Tense, dan seterusnya?
Kata kerja apa sajakah yang secara umum tidak dapat digunakan dalam bentuk Continuous?

Pertanyaan-pertanyaan lainnya dapat dijawab oleh tulisan ini.

Tingkat

Tulisan ini ditujukan terutama untuk mereka yang sudah pernah mempelajari Bahasa Inggris tingkat dasar (elementary students) dan menengah (intermediate students): SLTP & SLTA. Namun, bagi Anda yang masih menemukan kesulitan dalam membedakan penggunaan setiap fungsi tenses dan pengecualian-pengecualiannya juga akan terasa menolong dengan membaca guru ini. Tulisan ini akan berhasil secara maksimal bagi mereka yang belum pernah mempelajari Bahasa Inggris (beginner) bila didampingi seorang tutor.

Susunan Materi

Pembahasan pertama diawali dengan Some Parts Of A Sentence (= bagian-bagian dari sebuah kalimat) dan kedua kalimat Eight Simple Sentence Patterns (= Sepuluh pola kalimat sederhana). Dii penghujung tulisan ini juga diberikan bagan kata kerja dalam kalimat Tenses pada Appendix (= Lampiran) 1, Appendix 2 berisi tentang daftar kata kerja tak beraturan dan artinya, dan Appendix 3 berisi tentang kata kerja yang lazimnya tidak dapat digunakan dalam bentuk sedang (continuous / progressive).

Cara penggunaan tulisan ini

Tulisan ini tidak dikhususkan untuk dipelajari berturut-turut dari bagian awal sampai akhir. Anda mungkin saja memiliki masalah tenses tertentu atau pembahasan tertentu dalam tulisan ini, sehingga Anda bisa langsung ke inti pembahasan dari masalah Anda tersebut. Untuk hal demikian Anda disarankan:

baca daftar isi yang memuat penjelasan berkenaan dengan pokok masalah Anda,
pelajari penjelasan dan conto-contoh secara seksama,
kerjakan latihan (jangan lupa membaca perintah soal untuk pemahaman terhadap apa yang sedang Anda kerjakan),
perikasa jawaban Anda dengan kunci jawaban,
bila jawaban Anda salah, kaji kembali penjelasan dan contoh-contohnya untuk mengetahui letak kesalahan tersebut.

Anda juga dapat menggunakan tulisan ini sebagai tulisan referensi bacaan tanpa perlu mengerjakan latihan-latihannya. Namun demikian, latihan-latihan akan sangat membantu di dalam mengukur pemahaman dan penguasaan Anda di dalam mempelajari materi-materi yang tersedia. Oleh karena itu, penulis menyarankan agar latihan-latihan tersebut dapat dikerjakan dengan sebaik-baiknya.

Kata-kata yang digunakan di dalam contoh dan latihan disajikan sesederhana mungkin, walaupun demikian Anda mungkin menjumpai kata-kata ’sulit’, Anda bisa merujuk ke suatu kamus.

Pegangan Guru

Living English Tenses terutama sebagai tulisan untuk Anda yang ingin belajar sendiri, meskipun demikian akan juga berguna bagi seorang guru Bahasa Inggris.

Suatu tenses yang Anda ajarkan kepada siswa Anda secara individu atau di dalam suatu kelas dapat merujuk ke topik pembahasan di waktu itu. Sebaiknya jadikanlah uraian pembahsan sebagai bahan kajian bersama siswa Anda secara aktif. Sehingga Anda dapat melakukan ‘role play’ bersamanya kemudian. Latihan-latihan yang tersedia dapat dikerjakan di kelas atau sebagai bahan pekerjaan rumah.

Ucapan terima kasih

Saya dengan kerendahan hati ingin mengucapkan rasa syukur yang mendalam kepada Allah SWT. yang telah melimpahkan rahmat-Nya dan kekuatan besar kepada saya; sehingga terselesaikannya tulisan ini. Ucapan terima kasih dan sembah-sujud kepada the Mashuds my mom’n dad, isteri dan belahan hati Nandya Hatpis Mosque my beloved Dea, Kemal Hatpis Masajad, dan Aga Surya Prayoga, siswa-siswi dan para guru yang telah menggunakan materi ini sehingga terciptalah tulisan ini. Secara khusus saya ucapkan terima kasih kepada rekan sejawat di English Language Institute (ELI), Depok, SMK Setia Negara, Depok, dan SMIP Dharma Bhakti, Depok, semua staf International English Institute (IEI For everyone) atas segala bantuan dan dorongan yang tak ternilai harganya. Juga tidak terlupakan kepada bapak-bapak di PPPGK, Sawangan, dan semua yang tidak disebutkan namanya satu persatu atas segala inspirasi dan motivasinya.

Akhirnya, the last but not the least, sejujurnya saya mengakui bahwa tulisan ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan.

Segala saran dan kritik membangun akan sangat diterima dan dihargai.

Depok, Oktober 2009

Penulis

berkirim e-mail, klik imaji di atas.

Appendix 4. Verbs that cannot usually be used in Continuous or Progressive Forms

Kata-kata kerja di bawah ini merupakan kata-kata yang relatif tidak dapat digunakan dalam bentuk kalimat sedang (continuous / progressive). Kalimat yang dimaksud tersebut baik dalam bentuk The Present Continuous Tense, The Present Perfect Continuous Tense, The Past Continuous Tense, The Past Perfect Continuous Tense, The Future Continuous Tense, The Future Perfect Continuous Tense, The Past Future Continuous Tense, maupun The Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense. Meskipun demikian Anda juga masih dapat menjumpainya di dalam kalimat tenses di atas dalam kondisi pengecualian.

Kata-kata kerja yang tidak digunakan dalam continuous / progressive terbagi atas:

A. Verbs of feelings and emotions: kata-kata yang melukiskan perasaan dan emosi.

adore	: memuja	fear	: takut, kuatir, mengira	love	: mencintai
appreciate	: menilai	hate	: membenci	mind	: mengingat-ingat, menghiraukan
care	: mau, suka	wish	: berharap, ingin	value	: menilai, menghargai
desire	: menginginkan	like	: menyukai	want	: ingin, mau
detest	: benci, jijik	loathe	: benci akan		:

B. Verbs of senses: kata-kata kerja yang melukiskan tindakan tanpa sengaja atau
di luar pengawasan atau kemauan seseorang - involuntary actions.

feel	: merasakan	see	: melihat	notice	: memperhatikan, melihat
hear	: mendengar	smell	: mencium bau	observe	: mengamati, melihat

C. Verbs of mental activity: kata-kata kerja yang melukiskan kegiatan berkenaan
dengan daya batin atau otak.

agree	: setuju, sependapat	know	: mengetahui	recollect	: mengingat kembali
appreciate	: menilai	mean	: bermaksud	remember	: (meng)ingat
believe	: mempercayai	perceive	: merasa	see	: mengerti
expect	: mengharapkan	realize	: menyadari	see thrugh s.o.	: mengatasi seseorang
feel	: merasa, mengira	recall	: mengingat	think	: berpendapat
feel sure / certain	: merasa yakin	recognize	: mengakui, mengenal	understand	: mengerti, memahami
forget	: (me)lupa(kan)

D. Verbs of possessions: kata-kata kerja yang melukiskan tentang kepunyaan.

have	: mempunyai, memiliki	own	: milik	owe	: berhutang
belong to	: milik	possess	: milik

E. Kata-kata kerja berikut:

appear	: nampak, muncul	hold	: mengandung (terjadi)	matter	: berarti
seem	: nampak, kelihatan	keep	: tetap, terus	signify	: berarti
consist	: terdiri dari, mencapai

F. Auxiliary Verbs: kata-kata kerja bantu, kecuali be dan have di dalam penggunaan tertentu.

This is the end of the Appendix 4. Good luck.

Referensi:
1. Thomson, A.J., & Martinet, A.V., A Practical English Grammar, Oxford University
    Press, third edition, Oxford, 1990
2. Murphy, Raymond, English Grammar In Use, Cambridge University Press, six
    printing, New York, 1988
3. Hornby, AS, Guide To Patterns And Usage In English, second edition, Oxford, 1975
4. Wishon, E., George, & Burks, M., Julia, Let’s Write English, American Book
    Company, revised edition, New York, 1988
5. English Alfa Books 1, 2, 3 and 4, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1980
6. Allen, W. Stannard, Living English Structure – A Practice Book For Foregin Students,
    P.T. Dian Rakyat – Longmans, second Dian Rakjat Impression, Djakarta, 1970
7. Dixson, Robeert J., Graded Exercises In English, Regents Publishing Company
Inc., a new revised edition, USA., 1971
8. Taylor, Grant, Mastering American English, McGraw – Hill Book Company, Inc.,
    New York, 1956
9. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Inggris-Indonesia, PT. Gramedia
    Jakarta, Jakarta, 2000
10. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Indonesia-Inggris Cetakan XXIV,
    PT. Gramedia Jakarta, Jakarta, 1990
11. Saefudin, A., Bunga Rampai EBTANAS Bahasa Inggris SMA, PT.Intan
     Pariwara, edisi kedua, Klaten, 1988
12. Simanjuntak, Herpinus, Bahasa Inggris Sistem 52 M Jilid 1, Kesaint Blanc,
     Jakarta, 1989
13. Sudrajat, M.T., & Besari, Ismail, Pembahasan Metoda 2000 Soal Bahasa Inggris,
      Penerbit M2S, Bandung, 1985
14. Wardiman, Artono, Drs., Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris SMA I, II, III, Ganeca
      Exact, Bandung, 1988
15. http://www.englishclub.com/reading/proverbs-meaning.htm
16. http://www.tolearnenglish.com
17. http://www.iei.uiuc.edu/structure/Structure1/fieldadjs.html
18. http://www.englishbaby.com
19. http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar
20. http://www.esl-library.com
21. www.english-portal.net

Tentang Penulis

Sementara pengalaman yang pernah dipetiknya sewaktu di Lembaga Pendidikan Yayasan “Setia Negara” yaitu Lokakarya Pemantapan Kurikulum 1994 Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (14-15 Januari 1995), Pusdiklat LPIA, Zero Defect Quality (9-12 Juni 2003) merupakan hal yang sangat membantu alur penulisan naskah yang mudah dipahami bagi pembacanya. Contoh-contoh kalimat yang diberikan juga cukup praktis yang merupakan petikan pengalaman karya komunikatif semasa masih sebagai Visa Section Staff, Embassy of Japan at Jakarta (1994-1995), Personnel & General Affairs Staff, Nissho Iwai Corporation in Jakarta Office (1995-2000), SMK Izzata, Wakasek Kesiswaan & Kurikulum, School Administration and Management, (2004-2007), dan Student Apprentice Coordinator, Practical English Course, English Instructor and Branch Manager / Vice Head of Depok Division (2005-2006).

Saat ini penulis aktif sebagai pimpinan manajemen di lembaga International English Instittute (IEI) for everyone beserta rekan-rekannya yang menangani pendidikan dan pelatihan Bahasa Inggris secara komunikatif bagi para pesertanya, di samping juga melayani permintaan penerjemahan teks atau buku berbahasa Inggris dari kliennya.

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Living English Tenses: Appendix 3

2011-01-02T18:39:00.002+07:00

Aga Collection

Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging, Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos ('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)

Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, Kode Pos 16437,

HP.: 081281821603, E-mail:

Produk-produk berkualitas kami terdiri dari berbagai macam kualitas sesuai pesanan Anda.

LIVING ENGLISH TENSES: APPENDIX 3. List of Irregular Verbs

by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

Pendahuluan - untuk pelajar

Tulisan ini dapat membantu dalam menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan Anda, seperti:

Unsur-unsur apa sajakah yang terdapat di dalam suatu kalimat sederhana?
Bagaimana penerapan jenis-jenis kata di dalam pola kalimat sederhana?
Bagaimana pembuatan pola kalimat setiap tenses?
Kapankah kita dapat menggunakan The Simple Present Tense, The Simple Past Tense, The Simple Future Tense, The Past Future Tense, The Past Future Tense, dan seterusnya?
Kata kerja apa sajakah yang secara umum tidak dapat digunakan dalam bentuk Continuous?

Pertanyaan-pertanyaan lainnya dapat dijawab oleh tulisan ini.

Tingkat

Susunan Materi

Cara penggunaan tulisan ini

baca daftar isi yang memuat penjelasan berkenaan dengan pokok masalah Anda,
pelajari penjelasan dan conto-contoh secara seksama,
kerjakan latihan (jangan lupa membaca perintah soal untuk pemahaman terhadap apa yang sedang Anda kerjakan),
perikasa jawaban Anda dengan kunci jawaban,
bila jawaban Anda salah, kaji kembali penjelasan dan contoh-contohnya untuk mengetahui letak kesalahan tersebut.

Kata-kata yang digunakan di dalam contoh dan latihan disajikan sesederhana mungkin, walaupun demikian Anda mungkin menjumpai kata-kata ’sulit’, Anda bisa merujuk ke suatu kamus.

Pegangan Guru

Living English Tenses terutama sebagai tulisan untuk Anda yang ingin belajar sendiri, meskipun demikian akan juga berguna bagi seorang guru Bahasa Inggris.

Ucapan terima kasih

Akhirnya, the last but not the least, sejujurnya saya mengakui bahwa tulisan ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan.

Segala saran dan kritik membangun akan sangat diterima dan dihargai.

Depok, Oktober 2009

Penulis

berkirim e-mail, klik imaji di atas.

Appendix 3. List of Irregular Verbs

	Infinitive	Past Simple	Past participle		Infinitive	Past Simple	Past participle
1.	be	was/were	been	55.	make	made	made
2.	beat	beat	beaten	56.	mean	meant	meant
3.	become	became	become	57.	meet	met	met
4.	begin	began	begun	58.	pay	paid	paid
5.	bend	bent	bent	59.	put	put	put
6.	bet	bet	bet	60.	read	read	read
7.	bite	bit	bitten	61.	ride	rode	ridden
8.	blow	blew	blown	62.	ring	rang	rung
9.	break	broke	broken	63.	rise	rose	risen
10.	bring	brought	brought	64.	run	ran	run
11.	build	built	built	65.	say	said	said
12.	burst	burst	burst	66.	see	saw	seen
13.	buy	bought	bought	67.	seek	sought	sought
14.	catch	caught	caught	68.	sell	sold	sold
15.	choose	chose	chosen	69.	send	sent	sent
16.	come	came	come	70.	set	set	set
17.	cost	cost	cost	71.	sew	sewed	sewn/sewed
18.	cut	cut	cut	72.	shake	shook	shaken
19.	deal	dealt	dealt	73.	shine	shone	shone
20.	dig	dug	dug	74.	shoot	shot	shot
21.	do	did	done	75.	show	showed	shown
22.	draw	drew	drawn	76.	shrink	shrank	shrunk
23.	drink	drank	drunk	77.	shut	shut	shut
24.	eat	ate	eaten	78.	sing	sang	sung
25.	fall	fell	fallen	79.	sink	sank	sunk
26.	feed	fed	fed	80.	sit	sat	sat
27.	feel	felt	felt	81.	sleep	slept	slept
28.	fight	fought	fought	82.	speak	spoke	spoken
29.	find	found	found	83.	spend	spent	spent
30.	fly	flew	flown	84.	split	split	split
31.	forbid	forbade	forbidden	85.	spread	spread	spread
32.	forget	forgot	forgotten	86.	spring	sprang	sprung
33.	freeze	froze	frozen	87.	stand	stood	stood
34.	get	got	got	88.	steal	stole	stolen
35.	give	gave	given	89.	stick	stuck	stuck
36.	go	went	gone	90.	sting	stung	stung
37.	grow	grew	grown	91.	stink	stank	stunk
38.	hang	hung	hung	92.	strike	struck	struck
39.	have	had	had	93.	swear	swore	sworn
40.	hear	heard	heard	94.	sweep	swept	swept
41.	hide	hid	hidden	95.	swim	swam	swum
42.	hit	hit	hit	96.	swing	swung	swung
43.	hold	held	held	97.	take	took	taken
44.	hurt	hurt	hurt	98.	teach	taught	taught
45.	keep	kept	kept	99.	tear	tore	torn
46.	know	knew	known	100.	tell	told	told
47.	lay	laid	laid	101.	think	thought	thought
48.	lead	led	led	102.	thrown	threw	thrown
49.	leave	left	left	103.	understand	understood	understood
50.	lend	lent	lent	104.	wake	woke	woken
51.	let	let	let	105.	wear	wore	worn
52.	lie	lay	lain	106.	win	won	won
53.	light	lit	lit	107.	write	wrote	written
54.	lose	lost	lost

This is the end of the Appendix 3. Good luck.

Living English Tenses: Appendix 2

2011-01-02T18:36:00.003+07:00

Aga Collection

Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging, Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos ('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)

Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, Kode Pos 16437,

HP.: 081281821603, E-mail:

Produk-produk berkualitas kami terdiri dari berbagai macam kualitas sesuai pesanan Anda.

LIVING ENGLISH TENSES: APPENDIX 2. Graphic Comparison
by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

Pendahuluan - untuk pelajar

Tulisan ini dapat membantu dalam menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan Anda, seperti:

Unsur-unsur apa sajakah yang terdapat di dalam suatu kalimat sederhana?
Bagaimana penerapan jenis-jenis kata di dalam pola kalimat sederhana?
Bagaimana pembuatan pola kalimat setiap tenses?
Kapankah kita dapat menggunakan The Simple Present Tense, The Simple Past Tense, The Simple Future Tense, The Past Future Tense, The Past Future Tense, dan seterusnya?
Kata kerja apa sajakah yang secara umum tidak dapat digunakan dalam bentuk Continuous?

Pertanyaan-pertanyaan lainnya dapat dijawab oleh tulisan ini.

Tingkat

Susunan Materi

Cara penggunaan tulisan ini

baca daftar isi yang memuat penjelasan berkenaan dengan pokok masalah Anda,
pelajari penjelasan dan conto-contoh secara seksama,
kerjakan latihan (jangan lupa membaca perintah soal untuk pemahaman terhadap apa yang sedang Anda kerjakan),
perikasa jawaban Anda dengan kunci jawaban,
bila jawaban Anda salah, kaji kembali penjelasan dan contoh-contohnya untuk mengetahui letak kesalahan tersebut.

Kata-kata yang digunakan di dalam contoh dan latihan disajikan sesederhana mungkin, walaupun demikian Anda mungkin menjumpai kata-kata ’sulit’, Anda bisa merujuk ke suatu kamus.

Pegangan Guru

Living English Tenses terutama sebagai tulisan untuk Anda yang ingin belajar sendiri, meskipun demikian akan juga berguna bagi seorang guru Bahasa Inggris.

Ucapan terima kasih

Akhirnya, the last but not the least, sejujurnya saya mengakui bahwa tulisan ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan.

Segala saran dan kritik membangun akan sangat diterima dan dihargai.

Depok, Oktober 2009

Penulis

berkirim e-mail, klik imaji di atas.

Appendix 2. Graphic Comparison

Apakah Anda masih menjumpai permasalahan dengan tenses Bahasa Inggris? Perhatikan deretan waktu yang mungkin akan mampu membantu Anda memahami tenses mana yang harus digunakan. Karena memang ada suatu kemiripan antara bentuk past, present dan future tenses, tidak banyak aturan yang Anda harus ingat.

Jika Anda mengetahui bagaimana caranya menggunakan the present progressive dengan tepat untuk mengungkapkan tindakan-tindakan pada saat sekarang, maka pada akhirnya Anda juga akan mampu menggunakan the past progressive tersebut dengan tepat untuk mengungkapkan tindakan-tindakan pada masa lampau dan seterusnya.

→ Legend 1

→ Legend 2

Catatan:
Legend is a brief description accompanying an illustration.
(Gambar tulisan merupakan suatu deskripsi ringkas yang menyertai suatu ilustrasi.)

This is the end of the Appendix 2. Good luck.

Living English Tenses: Appendix 1

2011-01-02T18:32:00.004+07:00

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LIVING ENGLISH TENSES: APPENDIX 1. Verb Tenses Chart

by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

Pendahuluan - untuk pelajar

Tulisan ini dapat membantu dalam menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan Anda, seperti:

Unsur-unsur apa sajakah yang terdapat di dalam suatu kalimat sederhana?
Bagaimana penerapan jenis-jenis kata di dalam pola kalimat sederhana?
Bagaimana pembuatan pola kalimat setiap tenses?
Kapankah kita dapat menggunakan The Simple Present Tense, The Simple Past Tense, The Simple Future Tense, The Past Future Tense, The Past Future Tense, dan seterusnya?
Kata kerja apa sajakah yang secara umum tidak dapat digunakan dalam bentuk Continuous?

Pertanyaan-pertanyaan lainnya dapat dijawab oleh tulisan ini.

Tingkat

Susunan Materi

Cara penggunaan tulisan ini

baca daftar isi yang memuat penjelasan berkenaan dengan pokok masalah Anda,
pelajari penjelasan dan conto-contoh secara seksama,
kerjakan latihan (jangan lupa membaca perintah soal untuk pemahaman terhadap apa yang sedang Anda kerjakan),
perikasa jawaban Anda dengan kunci jawaban,
bila jawaban Anda salah, kaji kembali penjelasan dan contoh-contohnya untuk mengetahui letak kesalahan tersebut.

Kata-kata yang digunakan di dalam contoh dan latihan disajikan sesederhana mungkin, walaupun demikian Anda mungkin menjumpai kata-kata ’sulit’, Anda bisa merujuk ke suatu kamus.

Pegangan Guru

Living English Tenses terutama sebagai tulisan untuk Anda yang ingin belajar sendiri, meskipun demikian akan juga berguna bagi seorang guru Bahasa Inggris.

Ucapan terima kasih

Akhirnya, the last but not the least, sejujurnya saya mengakui bahwa tulisan ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan.

Segala saran dan kritik membangun akan sangat diterima dan dihargai.

Depok, Oktober 2009

Penulis

berkirim e-mail, klik imaji di atas.

Appendix 1 Verb Tenses Chart

Bagan berikut ini mencoba menggambarkan hubungan waktu di antara beragam kata kerja dalam tenses. Waktu sekarang secara berubah-ubah ditempatkan dalam bulan Januari. Pelajari contoh-contohnya secara seksama.

November	December	January	February	March
		* George works in Chicago. * He is working in Chicago now.
	* He came to Chicago.
* He was working in New York in November. * He had worked in new York before he came to Chicago. * He had been working in New York before he came to Chicago.
			* He has worked in Chicago for two months. * He has worked in Chicago since December. * He has been working in Chicago for two months. * He has been working in Chicago since December (since last year).
	* He will work in Chicago until March. * He will work in Chicago for three months. * He will be working in Chicago until March. * By March, he will have worked in Chicago for three months. * By March, he will have been working in Chicago for three months.
* He would work in Chicago in January. * He was working in New York and that time next months he would be working in January. * It was November 29. He received a letter from the company. By November 30, he would have travelled to Chicago for a day. * By November 30, he would have been travelling to Chicago for a day.

This is the end of the Appendix 1. Good luck.

Referensi:
1. Thomson, A.J., & Martinet, A.V., A Practical English Grammar, Oxford University
    Press, third edition, Oxford, 1990
2. Murphy, Raymond, English Grammar In Use, Cambridge University Press, six
    printing, New York, 1988
3. Hornby, AS, Guide To Patterns And Usage In English, second edition, Oxford, 1975
4. Wishon, E., George, & Burks, M., Julia, Let’s Write English, American Book
    Company, revised edition, New York, 1988
5. English Alfa Books 1, 2, 3 and 4, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1980
6. Allen, W. Stannard, Living English Structure – A Practice Book For Foregin Students,
    P.T. Dian Rakyat – Longmans, second Dian Rakjat Impression, Djakarta, 1970
7. Dixson, Robeert J., Graded Exercises In English, Regents Publishing Company
Inc., a new revised edition, USA., 1971
8. Taylor, Grant, Mastering American English, McGraw – Hill Book Company, Inc.,
    New York, 1956
9. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Inggris-Indonesia, PT. Gramedia
    Jakarta, Jakarta, 2000
10. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Indonesia-Inggris Cetakan XXIV,
    PT. Gramedia Jakarta, Jakarta, 1990
11. Saefudin, A., Bunga Rampai EBTANAS Bahasa Inggris SMA, PT.Intan
     Pariwara, edisi kedua, Klaten, 1988
12. Simanjuntak, Herpinus, Bahasa Inggris Sistem 52 M Jilid 1, Kesaint Blanc,
     Jakarta, 1989
13. Sudrajat, M.T., & Besari, Ismail, Pembahasan Metoda 2000 Soal Bahasa Inggris,
      Penerbit M2S, Bandung, 1985
14. Wardiman, Artono, Drs., Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris SMA I, II, III, Ganeca
      Exact, Bandung, 1988
15. http://www.englishclub.com/reading/proverbs-meaning.htm
16. http://www.tolearnenglish.com
17. http://www.iei.uiuc.edu/structure/Structure1/fieldadjs.html
18. http://www.englishbaby.com
19. http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar
20. http://www.esl-library.com
21. www.english-portal.net

Tentang Penulis

The Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense by D.A. Satriadi

2011-01-01T23:44:00.001+07:00

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THE PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

16. The Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

The Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense tersusun atas kata kerja bantu would atau should setelah subyek, kemudian diikuti have, been, dan kata kerja pertama (present participle) diikuti -ing. Bentuk kalimat negatif dengan menambahkan not setelah kata kerja bantu (wouldn't / shouldn't) dan interogatifnya dengan menempatkan kata kerja bantu tersebut di depan subyek.

Tenses ini bisa dikatakan sebagai bentuk lampau dari The Future Perfect ContinuousTense. Dalam hal kata kerja bantu, The Future Perfect Continuous Tense menggunakan will atau shall (lihat penjelasan tentang The Future Perfect Continuous Tense) dan (ke)akan(an)nya murni di masa depan, sedangkan The Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense menggunakan kata kerja bantu would atau should dan (ke)akan(an)nya berada di masa lampau.

Dari uraian di atas kita dapat membuat kesimpulan bahwa kalimat The Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense mengungkapkan kegiatan atau tindakan yang akan berlangsung terus-menerus, tapi akan berakhir di masa lampau; atau melambangkan kegiatan yang akan tengah berlangsung terus-menerus selama periode waktu yang akan berakhir di masa lampau.

Pola Kalimat dengan:

(+) S + would/should + have + been + V1 + ing + O/Adv.
(-) S + would/should + not + have + been + V1 + ing + O/Adv.
(?) Would/Should + S + have + been + V1 + ing + O/Adv.

Fungsi dan Contoh:

i. The Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk
   menyatakan peristiwa yang sudah akan terjadi dan akan tetap
   berlangsung terus-menerus pada saat dibicarakan selama
   periode waktu yang akan berakhir di masa lampau.

George had been at the university already for three years. He would take his degree examinations ten months from that time. When George got his degree, he would have been studying for three years.
My grandfather would have been visiting her grandsons when I was in Hong Kong for business last month.
It is January 7, 1996. On January 6 Devi would have been playing with her cousin Nia for two hours.
By the end of December 1995 they would have been watching films while we were sleeping.

ii. menunjukkan tindakan yang akan berlangsung terus-menerus
selama periode waktu yang akan berakhir dan telah sempurna
sebelum tindakan / waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

I would have been doing the test for half an hour by the time you met me.
By the time the moon rose, the beautiful lady would have been changing into a dracula.
Jojo wouldn't have been playing Karate when the coach didn't come back to the gym.
The newscaster would have been reading news by 9 o'clock.

EXERCISES

I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it. (Pililah A,
   B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan memberi tanda silang.)

1. The driver had stopped so suddenly. The car behind would hit it.
       The accident ….. when the car behind hit it.
        A. would have happening                   D. would have be happening
        B. would been happening                   E. would have been happen
        C. would have been happening

   2. By the end of the first period the bell …. . It was the sign of the
       second period of lesson would start.
       A. would have been ringing                  D. would been have ringing
       B. have would been ringing                  E. would been ringing
       C. have been would ringing

    3. It was raining at the moment. I would swim in the swimming pool.
        When the rain stopped, I …. .
        A. swims     C. am swimming            E. would've been swimming
        B. swim         D. will be swimming

    4. My mother …. Him to have dinner by the time he came home.
        A. serves                                            E. have been would serving
        B. would have been serving             D. would serving have been
        C. will serve

    5. KLA Project ……. Their new songs by the time I arrived at the concert.
        A. would have singing been             D. would have been singing
        B. would been singing                      E. has been singing
        C. have would been singing

    6. They'd …. at the university by the end of last December.
        A. have been studying                    E. been studying
        B. has been studying                      D. would've been studying
        C. had been studying

    7. Would Semart Johnson have been justifying the high functionaries'
        action which people thought as corruption?
        A. Yes, he did.                 C. Yes, he has.            E. No, he wouldn't.
        B. Yes, he wouldn't.         D. No, he has not.

    8. The culprit would …. at his hiding place when the police searched him.
        A. hiding               C. 've been hiding           E. would have been hiding
        B. been hiding     D. have been hiding

    9. She ….. weaving her Sari after her husband bought her by yesterday.
        A. not would've been      C. wouldn't have been     E. wouldn't have be
        B. would haven't been    D. isn't

   10. The customer would …. All his money by the time the bank
        was bankrupt.
          A. not have been withdrawing          D. not have been withdraw
          B. haven't been withdrawing             E. not have been
          C. not been withdrawing

   11. Pandawa Lima would've been returning to Astina when Kurawa
         destroyed the empire.
         A. Would Pandawa Lima have been returning to Astina when
            Kurawa destroyed the empire?
         B. Where would have Pandawa Lima been returning when Kurawa
              destroyed the empire?
         C. Who has been returning to Astina when Kurawa destroyed
              the empire?
         D. When Pandawa Lima have been returning to Astina?
         E. Where would Pandawa Lima have been returning to Astina when
              Kurawa destroyed the empire?

   12. Petruck Murphy would've been sailing by the end of last week.
         A. Who would've been sailing by the end of last week?
         B. When would he have been sailing?
         C. Where would he have been sailing by the end of last week?
         D. What would he been doing by the end of last week?
         E. Why would he have been sailing by the end of last week?

   13. The correct negative form of The Past Future Perfect Continuous
        Tense below is …………..
          A. The students wouldn't have been copying the answers one
               another by the time their teacher fell asleep.
          B. The students would haven't been copying the answers one
               another by the time their teacher fell asleep.
          C. The students not would've been copying the answers one
               another by the time their teacher fell asleep.
          D. The students haven't been copying the answers one another
               by the time their teacher fell asleep.
          E. The students didn't would've been copying the answers one
               another by the time their teacher fell asleep.

   14. The correct interrogative form of the sentence No. 13 above is …..
          A. Have the students would been copying the answers one another
               by the time their teacher fell asleep?
          B. Would've the students been copying the answers one another
               by the time their teacher fell asleep?
          C. Would the students have been copying the answers one another
               by the time their teacher fell asleep?
          D. Would the students have been copying the answers one another
               by the time their teacher fell asleep?
          E. Have the students been copying the answers one another by the
               time their teacher fell asleep?

   15. The director would …. the new strategy of marketing for ten years
          by last year.
          A. 've been beginning              D. would've been beginning
          B. has been beginning             E. been beginning
          C. had been beginning


II. Change the sentences below into the Past Future Perfect
    Continuous Tense. Add your sentence with the expression
    given. You can use the expressions more than once.
    The expressions are as follows. (Rubahlah kalimat-kalimat
    di bawah ini menjadi The Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
    Tambahkan kalimat Anda dengan ungkapan yang diberikan.
    Anda dapat menggunakan ungkapan-ungkapan tersebut
    lebih dari satu kali. Ungkapan-ungkapannya sebagai berikut):

    by six o'clock two days ago            by August last year
    by the time he smiled                    when there was a thunder
    before they realized        as soon as mother finished doing the dishes

    Example:
    We discuss the new issue with the English native speaker.
    We would have been discussing the new issue with the English native
    speaker.

   1. Garenx Bradley slept soundly.
          ..........................................................................................................

    2. The car was moving slowly.
         ..........................................................................................................

    3. The children haven't watched the television.
       ..........................................................................................................

     4. She will talk to him about that matter.
          ..........................................................................................................

     5. Had you and I solved the difficult problems?
         ..........................................................................................................

     6. Mira was visiting her father in the village.
        ..........................................................................................................

    7. The man wouldn't have taken photographs.
        ..........................................................................................................

    8. Have Indonesia been making a close relationship with that country?
         ..........................................................................................................

    9. The employee would work very hard to run after the target.
        ..........................................................................................................

    10. A father and his son will be repairing their old car.
            ..........................................................................................................

This is the end of The Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense tutorial. Good luck.

The Past Future Perfect Tense by D.A. Satriadi

2011-01-01T21:04:00.001+07:00

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THE PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

15. The Past Future Perfect Tense

        The Past Future Perfect Tense tersusun atas formasi subyek diikuti dengan katakerja bantu would atau should dan perfect form. Sedangkan bentuk kalimat negatif dengan menambahkan kata not setelah kata kerja bantu (would not = wouldn't, should not = shouldn't) dan bentuk interogatif dengan menempatkan kata kerja bantunya di depan subyek.

        Coba mari kita lihat kembali penjelasan tentang The Future Perfect Tense yang tersusun atas subyek + will / shall dan perfect form. Ada kesamaan dalam pola kalimat di atas dengan tenses ini, namun yang membedakannya yaitu: will / shall merupakan kata kerja bantu yang mencirikan waktu di masa mendatang, dan bentuk lampau dari will / shall adalah would / should yang mencirikan (ke)akan(an) di waktu lampau.

        Jadi kita dapat membuat kesimpulan bahwa The Past Future Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan tindakan atau peristiwa yang akan sempurna dilakukan atau terjadi di waktu lampau; dan si penutur juga menekankan pada terselesaikannya suatu kegiatan dan hasilnya di waktu lampau tersebut.

Pola Kalimat dengan:

(+) S + would/should + have + V3 + O/Adv.
(-) S + would/should + not + have + V3 + O/Adv.
(?) Sould/Should + S + have + V3 + O/Adv.

Fungsi dan Contoh:

i. The Past Future Perfect Tense menyatakan kegiatan yang
mungkin akan terus berlanjut hingga ke suatu titik waktu
atau periode waktu di masa lampau.

It was the year 1800. A couple married in 1790. In the year 1805 they would have been married for fifteen years.
A boy was studying English. It would take an hour by that time the next hour he would have studied Geography.
Mr. Remington typed two articles that had been started since 8 o'clock. So by the time 9 o'clock he would have typed four articles.
Dono had been at SMU for two years. He would be promoted to the third year class another year. By that time next year he would have been in the third year class, (would have) studied Business English, (would've) gone to a historical place, (would've) done the final examination, and (would've) looked for information about qualified universities.

ii. menyatakan suatu asumsi (kemungkinan kecil, dugaan,
terkaan) atas sesuatu yang terjadi di waktu lampau.

You would have had the news. (Saya kira Anda dulu sudah tahu / Anda mungkin sudah tahu.)
She wouldn't have heard the news. (Hal yang tidak mungkin bahwa dia dulu sudah mendengar berita itu.)
They would've gone to the music concert with mother.
Mr. Iwan Kurniawan would've worked in that bank.
Would he have remembered the way home?

iii. menyatakan suatu kejadian yang seharusnya sudah selesai
    di waktu lampau, atau harapan yang kemungkinan kecil bisa
    terjadi atau keinginan yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena
    syaratnya tidak terpenuhi di waktu lampau.

I would have gone out if I hadn't been so tired.
I would have said hello if I had seen you when you passed me in the street.
I wished I had known that Ann was ill. I would have gone to see her.
He wouldn't have walked into the wall if he had been looking where he was going.
(Dari contoh terakhir bermakna bahwa ia membentur tembok karena ia tidak memperhatikan arah jalannya pada waktu itu.)

EXERCISES

I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it. (Pililah A,
   B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan memberi tanda silang.)

1. His friend Shinta would write him a letter. He was glad to hear from her.
    She …. him new things in her new place.
    A. would told           C. would have told         E. would have told
    B. have told             D. has would told

2. We …. Lunch for lunch time long before you came.
    A. would have eats       C. have would eaten       E. would eaten
    B. would have eaten     D. have eaten

3. By that week it ….. heavily. As the result, I would have to bring
    my umbrella.
    A. has rained        C. would have to rained      E. has would rained
    B. would rained    D. would have rained

4. By the end of that year she'd have …. Typing it.
      A. finished              C. finishing            E. had finished
    B. finishes              D. finishe

5. Asep would have …. in Bogor for twenty eight years.
    A. to live     B. living     C. lives     D. live     E. lived

6. By the end of these Lebaran days we should have ….. our new clothes.
    A. wore     B. worn     C. wear      D. wears    E. wearing

7. Didin would ….. the neighbor next door long befor.
    A. have seen              C. having seen            E. seen has
    B. has seen                D. had seen

8. They'd ….. each other as soon as I introduced them.
    A. would have know              C. have known            E. has known
    B. have knew                         D. had known

9. I'd ….. her to the airport because her mother longed for her.
    A. have picked up         C. picked have up    E. have been picked up
    B. have been pick up    D. had picked up

10. My friend Ego had his dinner an hour ago. You know, I'd have
       had my dinner …… .
       A. every day                        C. now                    E. yesterday
       B. at the moment                D. before

11. She …. have ….. the coat.
       A. 'd would - buy                                D. would have - bought
       B. would – have bought                    E. bought - would
       C. would - bought

12. The correct negative form of The Past Future Perfect Tense is …..
        A. The Robins would haven't been able to buy two cars.
        B. The Robins wouldn't have been able to buy two cars.
        C. Bushon would have known not the most modern television.
        D. The Meyers not would have stayed in that house anymore.
        E. The Meyers wouldn't not have stayed in that house anymore.

13. Would Rachma have called the man many times?
       A. No, Rachma hasn't.      C. Yes, she has.         E. Yes, she'd.
       B. No, she would.              D. Yes, she would.

14. You …… hungry if you had had breakfast.
        A. would've have be                       D. would have been
        B. wouldn't not been have              E. wouldn't have been
        C. would haven't been

15. …… he ….. if she hadn't reminded him?
       A. Would – have forgotten              D. Has – would forgotten
       B. Would – has forgotten                E. Forgotten – would have
       C. Would – forgotten have

II. Change the sentences below into The Past Future Perfect Tense.
    Add your sentences with one of the expressions. You may use
    the expression more than once. (Rubahlah kalimat-kalimat berikut
    ke dalam The Past Future Perfect Tense. Tambahkan kalimat
    tersebut dengan salah satu ungkapan. Anda boleh menggunakan-
    nya lebih dari satu kali.

    for six months            for thirty minutes            by the end of this month
    by the end of January            as soon as the tourists have arrived
    while you were cleaning the floor

    Example:
    I am in London.
    I would have been in London for six months.

   1. They live in that city.
          ………………………….

    2. Petruck Murphy is performing the traditional dances.
         ………………………….

    3. Semart Johnson has slept.
       ………………………….

     4. Garenx Bradley has been telephoning his brother.
          ………………………….

     5. We read this important book.
         ………………………….

     6. I was repairing my bicycle.
         ………………………….

    7. The girl had stayed in her friend's house.
        ………………………….

    8. A cat hadn't been giving a birth.
         ………………………….

    9. Will she drive her mother to the market?
        ………………………….

    10. Would you smoke two packets of cigarettes?
            ………………………….

This is the end of The Past Future Perfect Tense tutorial. Good luck.

The Past Future Continuous Tense by D.A. Satriadi

2011-01-01T20:52:00.002+07:00

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THE PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

14. The Past Future Continuous Tense

Di dalam The Past Future Continuous Tense terdapat kata past (= lampau), future (=masa mendatang), dan continuous (sedang/lagi). Hal ini dimaksudkan bukan untuk membingungkan Anda terhadap fungsi atau penggunaannya nanti. Dari kata-kata tersebut tenses ini untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang nanti sedang berlangsung dan waktu kejadiannya di masa lampau. Berbeda dengan rekannya The Future Continuous Tense yang situasinya tengah berlangsung di masa depan (lihat penjelasan No. 10), pada The Past Future Continuous Tense situasinya akan tengah berlangsung di masa lalu.

Formasi kalimat tenses ini tersusun atas subyek diikuti kata kerja bantu would atau should, be, dan kata kerja (present participle) plus ing. Bentuk kalimat negatifnya dengan menambahkan kata not setelah kata kerja bantu (would not = wouldn't, should not = shouldn't) dan interogatifnya dengan menempatkan kata kerja bantu tersebut di depan subyek, seperti terlihat di bawah ini.

Pola Kalimat dengan:

(+) S + would/should + be + V1 + ing + O/Adv.
(-) S + would/should + not + be + V1 + ing + O/Adv.
(?) Would/Should + S + be + V1 + ing + O/Adv.

Fungsi dan Contoh:

i. The Past Future Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan
suatu tindakan atau peristiwa yang telah direncanakan akan
dilakukan atau berlangsung di masa lalu.

It was 9:30 a.m. The students were sitting in their classroom at that moment. They were listening to a tape. That time the next day they would be sitting in the cinema. They would be watching a film. On Saturday there was no class. So on Saturday they would not be sitting in the cinema. They would be doing other things. Bill would be playing tennis. Ann would be shopping. George would still be having breakfast.
We should be going ti Dublin.
I would be giving you the test for these materials.
She would be living in a few days.

ii. menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan
sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau.

I should be taking an examination on Saturday last month.
You would be giving me lots of money in January last year.
Umar would be playing the piano at one o'clock yesterday.
My father would be working on Saturday last week.
Gerry would be doing his job at 8:30 last week.
McGyver would be chasing a bad guy on Friday a few days ago.

EXERCISES

I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it. (Pililah A,
   B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan memberi tanda silang.)

   1. It was bad weather here in Depok. I was playing with my daughter
       Dea at home. On Saturday yesterday I would be ……. with her too,
       but I couldn't.
       A. play        B. plays         C. played         D. to play          E. playing

   2. It would ……… when we came back.
       A. is boiling               C. be boiling            E. boiled
       B. was boiling           D. boiling

   3. John would be dancing with me at the party at 8 o'clock ……… .
       A. last night          C. tomorrow night            E. every day
       B. tonight              D. now

   4. Machoni …….. television before he went to bed.
       A. would be watching                C. be watching               E. watches
       B. would watching                     D. is watching

   5. Actually Miss Dessy …….. staying up again on Saturday last night,
       but she didn't do it.
       A. is      B. would be       C. was       D. will be        E. would

   6. Mr. Andreas would be …….. the students English at 8 o'clock that day.
       A. teacher           C. would be teach        E. be teaching
       B. teach               D. teaching

   7. We should ……. talking about her beahviour as soon as
       she arrived here.
       A. are      B. were       C. been       D. to be        E. be

   8. You'd be …… to me in March last year.
       A. write      B. writes       C. to write       D. writing        E. wrote

   9. She'd …….. rice for us until our parents came back yesterday.
       A. be cooking          C. cooking be            E. been cooking
       B. cooking                D. be cook

10. When I watched America's Funniest Home Video, I …….. at it.
        A. 'd would be laughing     C. be would laughing      E. 'd laughing
        B. 'd be laughing                D. would laughing be

11. The correct negative form of the sentence below is ……..
        A. I not would be joking with that problem because it was a
            very important matter.
        B. We should be not studying English at 3:30 last year.
        C. he wouldn't be speaking to her because she had hurt him so bad.
        D. You wouldn't not be doing the homework when they were there.
        E. She'dn't be laughing at you unless you were serious.

12. Would they be eating the cakes if I had been out?
        A. Yes, they would.      C. No, they would.            E. No, we wouldn't.
        B. Yes, they'd.              D. Yes, they wouldn't.

13. What would Anthony be doing at 10 o'clock five days ago?
        He ……. At 10 o'clock five days ago.
        A. would be             C. would be swimming       E. be would swimming
        B. 'd be doing         D. be swimming

14. ……….. for me when I wanted to come? John would.
        A. Who is waiting                            D. Who would be waiting
        B. What would you be waiting        E. Where would you be waiting
        C. Who waiting

15. My father would be working on Sunday last week.
        A. Why would he be working on Sunday last week?
        B. What would he be doing on Sunday last week?
        C. Whyere would he be working on Sunday last week?
        D. Who would be working on Sunday last week?
        E. When would he be working?

II. Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses into Past
    Future Continuous Tense.

    Example:
    We ….. (go) as soon as you were ready.
    We should be going as soon as you were ready.

   1. He …………………………. (sleep) when you got home.

    2. They …………………………. (walk) out of the room when the rain
        stopped.

    3.We …………………………. (run) before he counted ten.

     4. The house …………………………. (stay) empty in February
        six months ago.

     5. I ……………… (help) her look for it until she found it.

     6. You …………………………. (work) in that office at 10:30 three years ago.

    7. Mr. Amin …………………………. (teach) Geography at 7 o'clock last year.

    8. She …………………………. (watch) TV at 9 o'clock last night.

    9. I ……………… (believe) it when I saw it.

    10. The culprits …………………………. (strike) back when they released
            from the jail.

This is the end of The Past Future Continuous Tense tutorial. Good luck.

The Past Future Tense by D.A. Satriadi

2011-01-01T20:47:00.002+07:00

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Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging, Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos ('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)

Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia,

HP.: 081281821603, E-mail:

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THE PAST FUTURE TENSE

by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

13. The Past Future Tense

        The Past Future Tense adalah tenses yang terdiri dari kata past (= lampau) dan future (= masa mendatang). Jika kita menilik dari dua kata tersebut memang cukup bertentangan, bukan? Tetapi, hal itu mengandung pengertian bahwa suatu peristiwa akan terjadi atau berlangsung di waktu lampau, atau suatu tindakan yang akan dilakukan di waktu lalu. Tindakan atau peristiwanya bisa saja sudah terjadi atau dilakukan atau mungkin belum di waktu lampau. Kita juga dapat memfungsikan kalimat dalam tenses ini sebagai tindakan yang sudah terjadi (walaupun sebenarnya pada saat ini kita berkeinginan hal itu tidak terjadi) atau sebaliknya, tindakan yang terjadi (walupun sebenarnya pada saat ini kita berkeinginan hal itu terjadi) di waktu lampau.

        Pembuatan kalimat positif tersusun dari formasi subyek yang diikuti kata bantu kerja would atau should dan kata kerja pertama (present participle). Pembentukan kalimat negatifnya dengan menambahkan kata not setelah kata kerja bantu dan dengan meletakkan kata kerja bantu bantu di depan subyek terbentuklah kalimat interogatifnya.

        Bentuk penyingkatan (contracted form) yang acapkali kita temui, yaitu: I'd (I would), You'd (You'd), We'd (We would), They'd (They would), He'd (He would), She'd (She would), wouldn't (would not), dan shouldn't (should not),

Pola Kalimat:

(+) S + would / should + V1 + O/Adv.
(-) S + would / should + not + V1 O/Adv.
(?) Would / Should + S + V1 + O/Adv.

Fungsi dan Contoh:

i. The Past Future Tense digunakan untuk melihat kembali ke
masa lalu dan mengingat hal-hal yang dulu sering terjadi.

When we were children, we lived by the sea. In summer, if the weather was fine, we would all get up early and go for a swim.
Whenever Arthur was angry, he would just walk out of the room.
We all tried to stop him smoking in bed but he would do it.
When I saw your eyes, there would be sadness you couldn't hide from me. You would cry for your dead friend and (would) tell the things that had happened between you.
Everybody knew that he was a little tough boy. He would get things he wanted to. He would help weak boys wherever he met. He would challenge them to fight. And he would never say die for it.
It was about the school holiday. My classmates would be busy to prepare for a camping. They would ask their parents permission and (would) go camping on a foothill for a week.
I should just keep silent when we quarreled a thing.

ii. lazimnya dengan kata kerja bantu would, menyatakan bahwa
seseorang ingin sesuatu terjadi atau melakukan sesuatu.

I wish someone would answer the telephone. It's been ringing for about five minutes.
The music next door is very loud. I wish they would turn it down.
I wish she would say hello. But she often looks away when she meets me.
I wish you wouldn't drive so fast. It makes me nervous.
They wish they would speak English as fluently as their teacher.

iii. dengan kata kerja bantu would, menyatakan suatu
keinginan melakukan sesuatu di waktu lampau, namun
kondisinya tidak sesuai seperti kenyataan.

He would help her if he were there.
If you didn't come, you wouldn't help me yesterday.
You would ask me why if I were there.

iv. dengan kata kerja bantu should, menyatakan suatu hal itu
baik atau bagus dilakukan; atau meminta dan memberikan
pendapat tentang sesuatu.

You should go.
The government should do something about the economy.
You should stop smoking.
I don't think you should work so hard.
'Do you think I should apply for this job?' 'Yes, I think you should.'
She should be loyal to her husband.
Where should I meet you?
Should she let me suffer for what she's done?

EXERCISES

I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it. (Pililah A,
   B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan memberi tanda silang.)

   1. I felt a bit hungry. I thought I …. Get something to eat.
       A. will     B. shall      C. would      D. 'll would       E. would to

   2. Tom was late to telephone her, but he ….. tell her the next day.
       A. would     B. would to      C. will      D. shall       E. should

   3. He was in his office yesterday and he …… the work.
       A. would finish                C. would finishes           E. finish would
       B. would to finish            D. would finished

   4. You were on time this morning. You ….. the lesson to us carefully.
       A. will explain                C. will to explain            E. willed explain
       B. will explained            D. would explain

   5. She didn't write that letter, but she ….. it then.
       A. 'll would do         C. would to do            E. would done
       B. would do            D. would did

   6. They ……. their shirts unless they were careful.
       A. would torn         C. will tore            E. would tear
       B. would tore         D. will tear

   7. The people in that village …… about what she did.
       A. wouldn't cared          C. would care not          E. wouldn't not care
       B. wouldn't care            D. not would care

   8. You know, Mr. Eddy ….. his hometown early because he trapped in
       the traffic jam last month.
       A. won't get                     C. wouldn't not get            E. wouldn't get
       B. didn't would get            D. wouldn't

   9. …… he ……. The way to get the post office if I gave him the money?
       A. Would - tells             C. Would - tell                E. Told – will
       B. Would – to tell            D. Tell - would

10. You are not rich now. What ….. you …. If you were rich?
        A. would - do         C. will - did                    E. would – does
        B. will - do              D. would – to do

11. You are too flat. You …… eat more.
        A. will     B. would      C. shall      D. should       E. shouldn't

12. It's getting quite late. Your friends should …… now.
        A. leaves     B. to leave      C. leaving      D. left       E. leave

13. Wahyono said that he ….. there whatever it happened.
        A. would stays          C. would to stay            E. would stayed
        B. would stay            D. would staying

14. I wonder why Ann told Tom what I said.
        She promised she ….. Tom what I said.
        A. wouldn't tell         C. won't tell                    E. not to tell
        B. would tell             D. not would tell

15. …… you ….. the stone for me, please? It's very hard.
        A. Would - break         C. Would - broke            E. Would - broken
        B. Will - broke              D. Break - would

II. Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses into
    The Past Future Tense. (Masukkan bentuk kata kerja yang tepat
    di dalam kurung ke dalam bentuk The Past Future Tense.)

        Example:
        We ….. (go) as soon as you were ready.
        We should go as soon as you were ready.

   1. He ……………… (tell) you when you got home.

    2. We ……………… (go) out when the rain stopped.

    3. I ……………… (be) ready before you counted ten.

     4. He ……………… (eat) strawberries until he looked like them.

     5. I ……………… (help) her look for it until she found it.

     6. The house ……………… (stay) empty till we returned.

    7. He ……………… (tell) you when you asked him.

    8. I ……………… (tell) a secret as soon as my husband went out.

    9. I ……………… (believe) it when I saw it.

    10. I ……………… (give) it back as soon as he wanted it.

This is the end of The Past Future Tense tutorial. Good luck.

The Future Perfect Continuous Tense by D.A. Satriadi

2011-01-01T00:57:00.008+07:00

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Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging, Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos ('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)

Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia,

HP.: 081281821603, E-mail:

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THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

12. The Future Perfect Continuous Tense

       The Future Perfect Continuous Tense mengemban hubungan yang sama dengan The Future Perfect Tense, seperti halnya The Present Perfect Continuous Tense dengan The Present Perfect Tense. Baik The Future Perfect Tense maupun The Future Perfect Continuous Tense memperlihatkan kegiatan yang akan terjadi atau akan rampung sebelum kegiatan / waktu lain di masa depan dan penggunaan keterangan waktunya yang sama, yaitu by dan in: by then, by that time, by next year, by eight o’clock; in a week’s time, in two hours, in three years, in no time.

By this time next year George will have taken his university degree.
When George gets his degree, he will have been studying for four years.

        Dari dua Contoh kalimat di atas, The Future Perfect Continuous Tense (kalimat kedua) menekankan pada sifat dasar kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung (continuous / progressive) di masa depan, sedangkan The Future Perfect Tense pada hasil / akibatnya.

       Lebih jauh The Future Perfect Continuous Tense berfungsi untuk kegiatan yang akan berlangsung terus-menerus, tapi akan berakhir, atau melambangkan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung terus-menerus selama periode waktu yang akan berakhir di masa depan. Tenses ini dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti The Future Continuous Tense.

          Pembuatan kalimat positif tersusun dari kata bantu kerja will atau shall setelah subyek, selanjutnya diikuti have been dan kata kerja ( present participle ) –ing. Kalimat negatifnya dengan menambahkan kata not setelah will atau shall (won’t / shan’t) dan interogatifnya dengan menempatkan kata kerja bantu di depan subyek dan seterusnya.

Pola Kalimat:

(+) S + will/shall + have + been + V1 + ing + O/Adv.
(-) S + will/shall + not + have + been + V1 + ing + O/Adv.
(?) Will/Shall + S + have + been + V1 + ing + O/Adv.

Fungsi dan Contoh:

i. The Future Perfect Continuous Tense untuk menyatakan
   peristiwa yang sudah akan terjadi dan akan tetap berlangsung
   terus-menerus pada saat dibicarakan selama periode waktu
   yang akan berakhir di masa depan.

George has already been at the university for theree years. He will take his degree examination ten months from now. When George gets his degree, he will have been studying for four years.
On 23rd October 1999 they will have been living in Beverly Hill for three years.
By the end of the month he will have been living, working, and studying here for ten years.
By the end of the month he will have been training horses for twenty years.
You will have been studying English for five years by the day after tomorrow.

ii. menunjukkan tindakkan yang akan berlangsung terus-menerus
    selama periode waktu yang akan berakhir dan nanti telah
    sempurna dilakukan sebelum tindakan/waktu tertentu di masa
    depan.

We will have been attending English classes for four years by the time the examination given again.
I will have been doing the test (for half an hour) by the time you meet me.
By nightfall we will have been working for ten hours without a rest.
You and I will have been listening to music for two hours when the second plays.
I, Ricky, Andry, Nia, and Devi will have been watching the film on TV since 7.30 to 10.15 by tonight when the national news ends.

EXERCISES

I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it. (Pililah A,
   B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan memberi tanda silang.)

   1. She … two songs for fifteen minutes by the time the contest begins.
       A. Will have been                         C. Sings                             E. sang
       B. Will have ben singing               D. is singing

   2. Rick Price … me with his songs by the time I write some articles.
       A. Will have been accompanying     D. Has will been accompanying
       B. Will have accompanying been     E. Will have been
       C. Will been accompanying

    3. The on-lookers … for Michael Bolton to sing for hours because
        he gets traffic jam.
        A. have been will waiting          D. are waiting
        B. have will been waiting        E. will have been waiting
        C. were waiting

    4. My mother … him to have lunch by the time he comes home.
        A. have been serving           D. will have been serving
        B. servers                              E. will serving have been
        C. will serve

    5. Dea … tricycle by herself by the time she is four or five years old.
        A. been playing will have           D. will have been to play
        B. will have been play                E. ‘ll will have been playing to

C. will have been playing

    6. Their neighbour the Andyas will … a new house by the time the next
        summer comes.
        A. leave be building                D. have been building
        B. have building                      E. been have dealing
        C. be built

    7. The manager will … with that firm for two years by next year.
        A. deal                                                   D. dealing
        B. will have been dealing                    E. have been dealing

        C. will has been dealing

    8. A large military force … to the east by the time the enemy decides
        to conquer it.
        A. will be lying                          D. have lying been
        B. will have be lying                 E. lying been have

C. will been lying

    9. The weather is very bad. The ship will have been lying off-shore
        for two days … the time it fills in fuel.
        A. for        B. at         C. by         D. when       E. in

    10. The street workers will have been paving the road … three months by 2000.
        A. for         B. by          C. at        D. in         E. when

    11. A village-to-village seller will … been … clothes here by the middle
        of Ramadan month.
        A. have – peddling                      D. be – peddling
        B. has – peddling                        E. peddling – been

C. have – peddle

    12. By next semester I … have … teaching the third grade students
        English for two periods.
        A. ‘ll shall – been       C. ‘ll – be                      E. shall – will
        B. shall – been           D. been – shall

    13. People will … walking on this road by the time the street gangster
        is released from jail.
        A. haven’t been            C. not have been         E. not been
        B. have been not          D. not been have

    14. We … swaping the garden for two days by the time the
           rain falls down.
           A. have shan’t been                      D.shant’t have been
           B. ‘ll not shall have been               E. ‘ll shan’t have been

C. ‘ll haven’t been

    15. What will you have been doing for a year by the end of June this year?
        A. I am studying at IKIP Bandung.
        B. I’ve been studying at IKIP Bandung.
        C. I’ll study at IKIP Bandung.
        D. He’ll be studying at IKIP Bandung.

E. I’ll have been studying at IKIP Bandung.

    16. Where will Udin have been playing badminton for three hours
        by next month?
        A. He’ll have been playing it seriously for three month.
        B. He’ll have been playing it at indoor stadium for three month.
        C. He’ll have been playing it with his friend for three hours by
               next month.
        D. He’ll have been playing it for three hours by next month
               because he likes it.
        E. he’ll been have playing it outside the house for three hours
               by next month.

    17. Ricky, Andri, Nia, Devi and I will have been watching the film on TV
        since 7.30 to 10.15 by tonight when the national news ends.
        A. How shall we have been watching the film on TV?
        B. Why shall we have been watching the film on TV?
        C. Where shall we have been watching The film?
        D. What shall we have been watching on TV?
        E. Who will have been watching the film on TV?

    18. Will Rudy have been sleeping for a night long by the time
        he has to study?
        A. No, she won’t.        C. No, he won’t.            E. Yes, she will.

        B. No, he will.              D. Yes, he won’t.

    19. Will you have been talking good care of our daughter by the time
           I study in Bandung?
        A. Yes I do.                  C. Yes, I will.                E. No, I am not.

        B. Yes I have.            D. No, I haven’t.

    20. The correct negative form of the Future Perfect Continuous Tense is …
        A. I shall have been reading books by the time the TV is on.
        B. I shan’t have been reading books by the time the TV is on.
        C. I won’t be reading books by the time the TV is on.
        D. I haven’t been reading books by the time the TV is on.
        E. I wouldn’t read books by the time the TV is on.

II. Put the verbs between brackets into The Future Perfect
    Continuous Tense. (Letakkan kata kerja di antara kurung ke
    dalam The Future Perfect Continuous Tense.)

    Example:
    My brother (feed) the chickenfor half an hour.
    My brother will have been feeding the chicken for half an hour.

   1. The patient (wait) in the emergency room for almost two hour
     when a doctor treats her.
     ………………………………………….

   2. My uncle (work) hard for five minutes by the end of the film on TV.
     ………………………………………….

   3. She (keep) it a secret for a year before her master arrives.
     ………………………………………….

   4. He (smoke) cigars for ten months by the year 1999.
     ………………………………………….

   5. I (do) my homework by the time you are on your way to my house.
   ………………………………………….

   6. He (trim) the hedge for the whole morning by tomorrow.
     ………………………………………….

   7. Mr. Handi (teach) English for thirty years by the tome next month.
     ………………………………………….

   8. We (not live) in Semarang for three months by the time
       they get married.
     ………………………………………….

   9. She (try) to find it for the whole morning before she finds it
       by tomorrow.
     ………………………………………….

10. You (waste) your time for months by the time you talk with him.
    ………………………………………….

iii. Sellect the correct verb for each sentence. Use each verb only
     once. Use only the Future Perfect Continuous Tense of verb.
     (Pilih kata kerja yang tepat untuk masing-masing kalimat.
     Gunakan kata kerja satu kali saja. Gunakan saja kata kerja The
     Future Perfect Continuous Tense.)

Example:

He … for ten hours when his boss is out.

He will have been sleeping for ten hours when his boss is out.

spend read

speak leave

spread teach

stand tell

ride drive

1. I ………..… to work by bus for eight days by the time this week.

2. Mr. Harris ………..… that class by this semester.

3. We ………..… ten dollars over the weekend by the time you come.

4. The teacher ………..… the students the answer when the test is over.

5. Frank ………..… the car carefully by the time the street is busy.

     6. The men ………..… for Chicago by tonight.

    7. The students ………..… the story carefully by that time.

    8. He ………..… to his boss about that matter by the time they meet.

    9. The boy ………..… the butter on his bread by the time he has
        his breakfast.

   10. The teacher ………..… in front of the blackboard for two minutes
          by the time he explains about the sixteen English Tenses.

This is the end of The Future Perfect Continuous Tense tutorial. Good luck.

The Future Perfect Tense by D.A. Satriadi

2010-12-30T01:39:00.004+07:00

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Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging, Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos ('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)

Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia,

HP.: 081281821603, E-mail:

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THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

11. The Future Perfect Tense

The Future Perfect Tense memiliki dua kata pokok yang dapat diidentifikasi fungsi dan kegunaannya berdasarkan nama tenses ini. Kata-kata tersebut adalah future yang berarti di masa yang akan datang dan perfect disini berarti (sudah) sempurna terjadi. Jadi kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa tenses ini menyatakan tindakan yang sudah sempurna terjadi/dilakukan di masa depan. Dan si penutur dalam kalimatnya menekankan pada terselesaikannya suatu kegiatan dan akibatnya.

Formasi kalimat positif tersusun dari kata kerja bantu will atau shall setelah subyek, yang diikuti have dan kata kerja ketiga (past participle). Pembentukan kalimat negatif dangan menambahkan not setelah will atau shall (won’t / shan’t) dan interogatifnya dengan menempatkan kata kerja bantu tersebut di depan subyeknya.

Pola Kalimat:

(+) S + will/shall + have + V3 + O/Adv.
(-)  S + will/shall + not + have + V3 + O/Adv.
(?) Will/Shall + S + have + V3 + O/Adv.

Fungsi dan Contoh:

i. The Future Perfect Tense untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang
    mungkin akan terus berlanjut hingga ke suatu titik waktu atau
    periode waktu di masa depan.

It is the year 1980. A couple married in 1970. In the year 2000 they will have been married (for) thirty years.
A man is now setting out on a tour round the world. The journey will take nine or ten months. By this time next year I shall have crossed three oceans and (shall) have seen four or five continents.
George has already been at the university for three years. He will take his degree examination ten months from now. By this time next year George will have taken his unifersity degree.
I save $ 50 a month and I started in January. So by the end of the year I shall have saved $ 600.
Bill ( melihat gudang di bawah tanah milik Tom ): You’ve got over 400 bottles. How long will that last you? Two years?
Tom : Not a hope. I drink eight bottles a week. I’ll have drunk all these by the end of this year.
I shall have finished this work by five o’clock (and then be able to sit back and rest).
By the end of the year your new maid will have broken all your cups.

ii. menyatakan suatu tindakan pada waktu tertentu di masa depan
menjadi lampau atau baru saja selesai.

It is 3 December and David is very worried about an exam that he is taking on 13 December. We’d better wait till 14 December. David will have had his exam by then so he’ll be able to enjoy himself.
By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses.
The plane will have landed by now.

iii. menyatakan suatu asumsi (kemungkinan/dugaan/terkaan).

You will have had the news. ( Saya kira Anda sudah tahu / Anda mungkin sudah tahu. )
She won’t have heard the news. ( Hal yang tidak mungkin bahwa ia sudah mendengar berita itu. )
He will have posted the letter.
Mrs. Ismail will have recovered from her illness.
They will have been afraid to tell the true story to us.

EXERCISES

I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it. (Pilihlah A,
   B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan memberi tanda silang.)

    1. By 5:30 this afternoon, Bob … been at work for eight hours.
        A. is            B. has          C. will          D. have           E. will have

    2. Everyone will … lunch by 2:30.
        A. be     B. eat for    C. have had    D. had have   E. will have had

    3. The painters … finished their work by tomorrow.
        A. have      B. has    C. won’t be      D. were    E. are

    4. We shall … graduated by the end of May this year.
        A. have      B. has     C. had     D. having      E. have to

    5. Tomy will have … his homework by the time you get home.
        A. do     B. does     C. doing     D. did      E. done

    6. Don’t go home yet. You’ll … the football results ten more minutes.
        A. have                  C. has seen                       E. seen
        B. have seen          D. will have seen

    7. I’m sure he … a decision by this time tomorrow.
        A. makes           C. has made                    E. will has made
        B. made             D. will have made

    8. Mr. Hardi … you secretary in the middle of the day.
        A. ‘ll have appointed               D. will appointed
        B. ‘ll will have appointed         E. ‘ll to have appointed
        C. will has appointed

    9. You … translating it into German by the end of this year.
        A. won’t have finished                    D. won’t has finished
        B. won’t have finishing                   E. will haven’t finished
        C. won’t have finish

    10. I … a hole before a lunch time.
          A. won’t have dig                          D. won’t had dug
        B. shan’t have dug                        E. shall haven’t dig
        C. shan’t have dig

    11. The maid will have cleaned the room … 12 o’clock.
           A. in          B. on         C. by        D. at         E. for

    12. What will you have by 6:00 …?
           A. every day                  C. last week                    E. tomorrow
           B. yesterday                 D. an hour ago

    13. … they … ended the meeting before it rains ?
        A. Will – has                   C. Have – will                E. Will – had
          B. Will – have                  D. Do – have

    14. … the rumors … quickly by the time you tell the truth ?
        A. have – will      C. will – spread                E. have – will spread
        B. will – have       D. will – have spread

    15. Nia and Devi have just quarreled about a baby doll.
        They’ll have quarreled about it again by the time … .
           A. they wanted it                            D. they had wanted it
        B. they have needed it                  E. they need it
           C. they had needed it

    16. Which is the correct future perfect tense below?
          Jim always goes to bed at 11 o’clock. Tom is going to visit him
        at 11.30 this evening. When Tom arrives, ................................. .

         A. Jim will have already goes to bed.
        B. Jim will have already go to bed.
        C. Jim will has already gone to bed.
          D. Jim would have already gone to bed.
        E. Jim would has goes already to bed.

    17. Will the boys have finished playing football by the time I get there?
           A. Yes, they have.     C. Yes, they won’t.     E. Yes, they’ll.
        B. No, they will.          D. No, they won’t.

    18. The baby will have cried all morning before its mother comes home.
           A. What will the baby have done all morning before its mother
                comes home?
           B. When will the baby have cried all morning?
           C. How long will the baby have cried before its mother
                comes home?
           D. Who will have cried all morning before its mother
                comes home?
           E. Where will the baby have cried all morning before its mother
                comes home?

    19. … will he have worked in Chicago for three months? By March.
           A. What     B. Who     C. When     D. Where     E. Whom

    20. Find out correct negative form of future perfect tense below.
           A. They won’t reached have the destination before the rain
                starts to fall.
           B. They won’t reach the destination before the rain starts to fall.
           C. They won’t be reaching the destination before the rain starts
                to fall.
           D. They won’t have reached the destination before the rain starts
                to fall.
           E. They won’t have been reaching the destination before the rain
                starts to fall.

II. Put the bracketed verb into the Future Perfect Tense. (Masukkan
    kata kerja di dalam kurung ke dalam kalimat The Future Perfect
    Tense.)

        Example:
        They will have dug (dig) a well by this time tomorrow.

   1. The farmers (harvest) rice by the end of this month.
          ………………………………………….

    2. The two armies (stop) fighting a battle by the time a peace treaty
          is signed.
          ………………………………………….

    3. The rain (cease) by eleven this morning, so you had better stay
        here for a while.
          ………………………………………….

     4. Mr. Jones (leave) Indonesia by the end of April.
          ………………………………………….

     5. Little Tom (be) promoted to the second standard by the end of this
        quarter.
        ………………………………………….

     6. The students (understand) the lesson by the time their teacher
          finishes explaining it?
        ………………………………………….

    7. He (not finance) the scheme by the end of this month.
        ………………………………………….

    8. We (find) the pen you lost by the time you return from school.
        ………………………………………….

    9. The publisher (publish) your new book by the end of next month.
        ………………………………………….

    10. The gardener (water) the plants by the time I get home.
            ………………………………………….

iii. Complete the sentences according to Mr. Jackson’s schedule.
    What will he have done by…? Numbers 1 and and 2 are done
    for you. (Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat berikut sesuai dengan jadual
    Tn. Jackson di bawah ini. What will he have done by … ? Nomor 1
    dan 2 dikerjakan untuk Anda.)

        10:00       meet with supervisors
        11:00       check on old machinery
        11:30       talk to Pete
        12:00       lunch
         1: 30       fill out manufacturing schedule
        2:30       give schedule to Pete
        3:00       talk to new employee
        4:30       check the new machine
        5:00       call maintenance shop about machine number 6 ( broken )
        5:15       be on his way home
        5:30       take a bath and watch television
        6:00     do the sunset prayer

     1. # By 2:30 he will have had a meeting with his supervisors.

     2. # He will have checked on old machinery by 2:30.

     3. He will ………………….… to Pete … 2:30.

     4. … 5:00 ………………….… schedule to Pete.

    5. … 2:30 he ………………….… lunch.

     6. He ………………….… the manufacturing schedule … 2:30.

    7. ………………….… to new employee…5:00.

    8. … 5:00 he ………………….… the new machine.

    9. He………………….…number 6 (broken) …8:00.

    10. ………………….… on his way home… 8:00.

    11. He ………………….… a bayh and (will) … television … 8:00.

    12. …8:00 ………………….… the sunset prayer.

iv. Put the following sentences into the negative and interrogative
    forms. (Buat kalimat-kalimat berikut ini menjadi bentuk negatif
    dan interogatif.)

    1. She will have locked the door by the time we reach home.
        ……………………………………….
    2. Nita will have finished doing her homework before you leave.
        ………………………………………….
    3. Mother will have baked the cake before midday.
      ………………………………………….
    4. She will have taken my place before midday.
        ………………………………………….
    5. My father will have rasigned by the time he reaches the age of fifty-five.
        ………………………………………….
    6. She will have washed the dishes before you help her.
        ………………………………………….
    7. They will have made everything ready before we arrive there.
        ………………………………………….
    8. She will have done the second exercise by the time you get there.
        ………………………………………….
    9. I will have finished writing by the time you ring me up.
       ………………………………………….
    10. They will have returned from their office by the time
            you get to your house.
            ………………………………………….

This is the end of The Future Perfect Tense tutorial. Good luck.

The Future Continuous Tense by D.A. Satriadi

2010-12-30T01:23:00.002+07:00

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Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging, Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos ('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)

Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia,

HP.: 081281821603, E-mail:

Produk-produk berkualitas kami terdiri dari berbagai macam kualitas sesuai pesanan Anda.

THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

10. The Future Continuous Tense

The Future Continuous Tense terdapat dua kata penitng yaitu, future dan continuous. Future berarti aktifitas di masa depan dan continuous berarti sedang. Jadi kita gunakan tenses ini manakala suatu situasi yang nanti tengah sedang berlangsung di suatu waktu di masa depan. Perbuatannya belum terlaksana, bisa saja berupa angan-angan atau kemungkinan namun kalah kuat kemungkinan kejadiannya dibandingkan dengan will (lihat the simple future tense) atau am/is/are+V ing (lihat juga the present continuous tense) = future aspect.

Di dalam pembuatan kalimatnya, setelah kata kerja bantu will diikuti be dan kata kerja dengan -ing. Bentuk singkat dalam kalimat negatif: won’t be + V -ing dan kalimat interogatifnya will berada di depan subyek dan seterusnya.

Pola Kalimat dengan will / shall:

(+) S + will/shall + be + V1 ing + o/adv
(-) S + will/shall + not + be + V1 + ing + o/adv
(?) Will/shall + S + be + V1 + ing + o/adv

Pola Kalimat dengan be (am / is / are):

(+) S + am/is/are + going to be + V1 ing + o/adv
(-) S + am/is/are + not + going to be + be + V1 + ing + o/adv
(?) Am/Is/Are + S + going to be + V1 + ing + o/adv

Fungsi dan Contoh:

i. The future continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan
peristiwa di masa depan yang sudah direncanakan atau
diputuskan.

We shall be going to Dublin next week.
I’ll be giving you the test for these materials.
She will be leaving in a few days.
Arnold will be helping us.
He won’t be coming to my house tomorrow.
They will be painting the fence in half an hour.

ii. menyatakan suatu kegiatan atau keadaan yang sedang
dilakukan atau berlangsung di masa depan.

What will you be doing at this time tomorrow?
I’ll be studying in the library.
You’ll recognize her when you see her. She’ll be wearing a yellow hat.
This time next week I’ll be on holiday. I’ll probably be lying on a beautiful beach.
At 10 o’clock tomorrow he will be working.
We are going to be having fun in Acapulco.
They are going to be working very late tonight.

    Penggunaan kata kerja bantu (to) be going to selain will / shall bisa saja
    terjadi seperti pada dua contoh terakhir di atas.

iii. menyatakan suatu hal yang mungkin akan terjadi dalam
     waktu mendatang. Tetapi kemungkinan terjadinya kalah
     kuat oleh will atau the present continuous tense = future aspect.

I’ll be meeting him tomorrow. ( kalau mungkin terjadi )
You will be working here. ( kalau Anda mau )
Gerry will be doing his job next week.
They will be listening to music at the studio.
Will she be having a haircut this afternoon?

iv. menyatakan suatu angan-angan.

This time next month I will be touring in Bali.
By six o’clock next Sunday he will be seeing us.
Mc Gyver will be chasing a bad guy this time tomorrow.
The Donalds will be making a pair of shoes by 7 o’clock the day after tomorrow.
Lana will not be staying here with me again by this time tonight.

v. menanyakan tentang rencana seseorang melakukan sesuatu.

‘Will you be using your bicycle this evening?
‘No, you can take it.‘
‘Will you be passing the post office when you go out?’
‘Yes, why?'
Will you be going to school tomorrow afternoon?
Will she be swimming in the swimming pool with her friends next week?
Will they be paying attention to what I tell them the story later?

EXERCISES

I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it. (Pililah A,
   B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan memberi tanda silang.)

    1. It’ll be … when you come back.
        A. boil        B. boiling      C. boils     D. boiled     E. to boil

    2. She’ll … cooking all day long tomorrow.
        A. be          B. is      C. was       D. has      E. been

    3. Mr. Granger … be painting the fence next Sunday.
        A. does        B. did         C. will       D. will to      E. to

    4. Tom will be writing to you … .
        A. now       B. at this moment      C. yesterday     D. later     E. last week

    5. He will be … us tomorrow.
        A. see        B. sees        C. saw      D. seen      E. seeing

    6. Palupi will be … some pudding this time tomorrow.
        A. make    B. making    C. makes    D. made    E. to making

    7. I’ll … all day long tomorrow.
        A. be swimming           C. swimming            E. to be swimming
        B. swimming be             D. be swim

    8. We … spending our holiday in Lake Toba next year.
        A. ‘ll shall be    B. shall be    C. ‘ll be to   D. ‘ll will be    E. shall be to

    9. She … the washing after her husband leaves.
        A. will be                          C. will doing                        E. will be did
        B. will be doing                D. is will be doing

    10. You … television before you go to bed.
        A. will                        C. will watching       E. will be watching
           B. be watching         D. watching

    11. My parents …… be making a trip next week. (-)
        A. will                    C. won’t be                E. won’t be making
           B. won’t                D. will be not

    12. I …. staying up again tomorrow night.
        A. shan’t be               C. shan’t            E. shan’t not be
        B. shall be not           D. not be

    13. Dea …. You how to speak English When they get together.
        A. won’t telling            C. won’t telling be        E. won’t be telling
        B. be won’t telling       D. telling won’t be

    14. Will we be eating roasted chicken by twelve tonight?
        A. Yes, will we.           C. Yes, we won’t.            E. No, we will.
        B. Yes, we will.             D. No, you will.

    15. Will you be staying here long?
        A.Yes, I shan’t be staying here long.
        B. No. I shall be staying here long.
        C. No, I shan’t be staying here long.
        D. Yes, I won’t be staying here long.
        E. No, you won’t be staying here long.

    16. This time tomorrow they will be sitting in the cinema …..
        A. When the lecture begins
        B. When the lecture began
        C. When the lecture was beginning
          D. When the lecture had begun
        E. When the lecture had been beginning

    17. I’ll be writing to Mr. Pitt and …. him about Tom’s new house.
        A.I’ll tell                        C. I am now telling him                    E. tells
        B. I told                        D. I have told

    18. Which is the correct form of interrogative sentence below?
        A. Yetty won’t be talking about it by 12 o’clock tomorrow afternoon?
        B. Be Yetty will talking about it by 12 o’clock tomorrow afternoon?
        C. Yetty talking about it by 12 o’clock tomorrow afternoon?
        D. Yetty will Be talking about it by 12 o’clock tomorrow afternoon?
          E. Will Yetty Be talking about it by 12 o’clock tomorrow afternoon?

    19. Grace, Sandra, Dave, and Mike will be having dinner together
          at the restaurant by 8.15 p.m. next week.
        A. Who will be having dinner together at the restaurant
               by 8.15 p.m. next week?
        B. What will they be having dinner together at the restaurant
               by 8.15 p.m. next week?
        C. Where will they be having dinner together at the restaurant
               by 8.15 p.m. next week?
        D. What will they be doing dinner together at the restaurant
               by 8.15 p.m. next week?
        E. When will they be having dinner together at the restaurant
               by 8.15 p.m. next week?

    20. The band will be playing good music this time tonight.
        A. What will the band be doing this time tonight?
          B. When will be the band playing good music?
        C. When will the band be playing good music?
        D. What will the band be playing this time tonight?
        E. Who will be playing good music this time tonight?

II. Fill in the blanks with the Future Continues Tense form of the
    bracketed verbs. (Isi titik-titik dengan bentuk kata kerja The
    Future Continuous Tense di dalam kurung).

        Example:
        She … (leave) in a few days.
        She will be leaving in afew days.

   1. Arnold … (help) us
    2. The children … (play) badminton this afternoon.
    3. I …. (practice) playing the violin tomorrow.
     4. They …. (spend) their honeymoon in Puncak.
     5. My uncle and aunt … (stay) here long.
     6. She … (listen) to some music.
    7. Olivia … (get) back by taxi.
    8. … he … (come) tomorrow?
    9. We … (weed) the garden.
    10. Agus … (translate) this article into English.

iii. In this exercise you have to make sentences with will be-ing.
    ( Di dalam latihan ini Anda harus membuat kalimat dengan
    will be v –ing. )

        Example:
        I’m going to watch television from 9 until 10 o’clock this evening.
        So at 9.30 I will be watching television.

     1. Tomorrow afternoon I’m going to play tennis from 3 o’clock until 4.30.
          So at 4 o’clock tomorrow I ………………………………………………

     2. Jim is going to study from 7 o’clock until 10 o’clock this evening.
        So at 8.30 this evening he ………………………………………………

     3. We are going to clean the flat tomorrow. It will take from 9 until 11 o’clock.
        So at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning …………………………………………

     4. Ricky is going to give a speech in front of his six friends from Sunday
        until Tuesday next week. So on Monday next week …………………………

     5. It’s 2.45 now. My brother Pepeng is going to wash his bicycle.
        It will take from 3 o’clock until 3.30. So at 3.15 later ………………………

This is the end of The Future Continuous Tense tutorial. Good luck.

The Simple Future Tense by D.A. Satriadi

2010-12-28T22:59:00.006+07:00

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Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging, Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos ('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)

Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia,

HP.: 081281821603, E-mail:

Produk-produk berkualitas kami terdiri dari berbagai macam kualitas sesuai pesanan Anda.

THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

9. The Simple Future Tense

           The Simple Future Tense memiliki terdapat 2 ( dua ) kata utama, yaitu simple berarti sederhana dan future berarti di masa depan atau di masa mendatang. Penjelasan kata tenses sudah Anda ketahui pada pembahasan sebelumnya di awal buku ini. Dengan demikian kita dapat menarik kesimpulan bahwa penggunaan tenses ini untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang dilakukan di masa yang akan datang atau peristiwa yang akan terjadi nanti. Fungsi-fungsi lainnya juga dijelaskan di bawah ini.

    Will atau shall dan (to) be going to, yang berarti akan, adalah kata kerja bantu (kkb) yang digunakan dalam tenses ini. Will mengikuti semua subyek ( pelaku ) sedangkan shall terbatas pada I dan We. To be ( am, is, are ) going to dapat digunakan oleh semua subyek. Bentuk singkatan (contracted forms) subyek dan will / shall berturut-turut, seperti I’ll, You’ll, We’ll, They’ll, He’ll, She’ll dan It’ll. Pembentukan kalimat negative (will not = won’t, shall not = shan’t, dan am not / isn’t / aren’t going to) serta kalimat interogatif dengan menempatkan kata kerja bantu tersebut di depan subyek.

    Si pembicara acapkali menyebutkan keterangan waktu di dalam kalimatnya, seperti tomorrow (= besok), later (= nanti), tonight (= nanti malam), next … (= … depan), the day after tomorrow (= esok lusa), dan lain-lain.

Pola Kalimat:

(+) a. S + will/shall+V1+O/ adv.
    b. S+ am/is/are+going to+V1+O/adv

(-) a. S + will/shall+not+V1+O/ adv.
    b. S+ am/is/are+not+going to+V1+ O/adv

(?) a. Will/shall+S+V1+O/adv
    b. am/is/are+S+going to+V1+O/adv.

Fungsi dan Contoh:

i. The Simple Future Tense ( will/shall ) untuk menyatakan keinginan
melakukan sesuatu.

John will come tomorrow.
I will visit her tomorrow night.
She will not hurt me.
He’ll call you tonight.
They’ll see us in the evening.
You’ll learn a great deal in that course.
She’ll be our new teacher.

ii. menyatakan bahwa kita memutuskan atau melakukan sesuatu
pada saat berbicara. (will/shall)

Oh, I left the door open. I’ll go and shut it
What would you like to drink? I’ll have a lemonade, please
Did you phone Ann? Oh no, I forgot. I’ll do it now.
I’m too tired to walk home. I think I’ll get a taxi
I don’t think I’ll go out tonight. I’m too tired

iii. menyatakan suatu pengulangan yang biasanya terjadi.
(wiil/shall)

Spring will come soon. Birds will build nest. People will make plans
If I drop this glass, it will break
Every day I go to school. I’ll go to school tomorrow and the day after tomorrow I’ll go to school again
We will redo our jobs because there is a mistake
When the rain season comes, it’ll rain. The ground will be wet. Plants will bloom. Farmers will go to their rice fields and children will be happy.

iv. menawarkan melakukan sesuatu. (wiil/shall)

That boy looks heavy. I’ll help you with it.
‘I need some money.’ ‘Don’t worry. I’ll lend you some.‘
You look very sad. We’ll suggest you what to do.
They forget her name, but it’s all right. She’ll retell them her name.
The stranger looks confused on his way home. A person will show him.

v. menyetujui atau menolak melakukan sesuatu. (whill/shall)

A : You know that book I lent you ? Can I have it back?
B : Of course. I’ll bring it back this afternoon.
I’ve asked John to help me but he won’t.
The car won’t start.
She always insists on giving the gift. So I’ll take it.
Andy’s father wants him to be a soldier. He’ll go to army. .
My girlfriend doesn’t like my long hairstyle, but won’t cut it.

vi. menjanjikan melakukan sesuatu. (will/shall)

Thank you for lending me the money. I’ll pay you back on Friday.
I won’t tell Tom what you said. I promise.
I promise I’ll phone you as soon as I arrive.
A: Do you promise to phone me?
B: Yes, I promise I’ll phone you tonight.
A: Do you promise to repair the clock?
B: Okay, I promise I’ll repair it tomorrow.
A: Do you promise not to tell anyone?
B: Yes, I promise I won’t tell anyone.
A: Do you promise not to hurt me?
B: I promise I won’t hurt you.

vii. meminta seseorang melakukan sesuatu. (will)

Thank you for lending me the money. I’ll pay you back on Friday.
Will you shut the door
Will you please be quiet? I’m trying to concentrate.
Will you teach my class? I can’t do it, because I have to go for a meeting in Puncak.
Will you with for me a minute?

viii. menawarkan dan menyarankan sesuatu. (shall)

Shall I open the door?
I’ve got no money. What shall I do?
Where shall we go this evening
Shall I meet you at the garage or the office?
Shall we leave now? Yes, let’s.
Shall I come now or later?
Where shall I meet you?
Shall we drink some coffee?

ix. menyatakan sesuatu yang telah kita putuskan atau kita
lakukan dimasa depan. ( to be going to ).

‘There’s a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it ?’
‘No’ I’m too tired. I’m going to have an early night.
Tom: I hear Ann has won a lot of money. What is she going to do?
Kelly: I’ve heard she’s going to travel round the world.
Don: Have you made the coffee yet?
May: No but I’m going to make it.
A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping?
B: Yes I’m going to buy something for dinner.

x. menyatakan apa yang kita kira atau yakini akan terjadi.
( to be going to ).

Look as those black clouds! It’s going to rain.
Oh I fell terrible. I think I’m going to be sick.
This table is going to collapse one of these day; the legs are very weak.
I haven’t worked very hard this term. I’ m afraid I’ m Afraid I’m not going to pass my exams.
This ice is going to melt when the sun comes out.

EXERCISES
I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it. (Pililah A,
   B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan memberi tanda silang.)

    1. The students will … volleyball this afternoon.
        A. practise    B. practised    C. practising    D. practises    E. to practise

    2. They will … here tonight.
        A. coming       B. to come       C. came       D. come       E. comes

    3. I think he … read a novel tomorrow.
        A. going to      B. was going to     C. is going to    D. went to     E. to going is

    4. Mother … your shirt next week.
        A. sewed                  C. sews                        E. is going to sew
        B. are sewing           D. was sewing

    5. My family is going … in Bandung next month.
        A. to live        B. live        C. lives        D. lived        E. living

    6. My uncle … a new car soon.
        A. is going to buy       B. to buy     C. bought   to    D. to buy      E. buy

    7. Will they help me tomorrow?
        A. Yes, I shall.                 C. No, they won’t            E. Yes, they will not.
        B. Yes, we shall.             D. No, they aren’t.

    8. Will you come this afternoon?
        A. Yes, you will.    C. Yes, I am.         E. Yes, I do.
        B. Yes, I won’t.            D. Yes, I will.

    9. Will you come there tomorrow?
        A. Yes, she will.          C. Yes, I shall.                E. Yes, you will.
        B. Yes, I do.                D. Yes, you do.

    10. I’m going to work … .
          A. this morning            C. every day                E. a few days ago
        B. tomorrow                 D. last week

    11. I’m going to go to Bandung … .
          A. next week             C. yesterday             E. now
          B. last week              D. this morning

    12. She … tell you the secret tonight.
          A. doesn’t     B. won’t    C. shan’t   D. not will    E. not to

    13. Dora … to marry her boyfriend until next year.
          A. shall     B. will    C. isn’t going     D. won’t     E. not going

    14. … I … have the flu later? I feel dizzy now.
          A. Shall - I     B. Will - to    C. Going to - am      D. Am - going to    E. Do - will

    15. Dadi … tomorrow.
          A. is going make a kite                       D. is going to make a kite
          B. make a kite                                        E. made a kite
          C. was going to make a kite

    16. ................................................................ next July.
         A. I shall be seventeen years old
         B. I should be seventeen years old
         C. I was seventeen years old
         D. I have been seventeen years old
         E. I be shall seventeen years old

    17. … the day after tomorrow.
          A. Father was flying the kite                 D. Father has flown the kite
          B. Father is going to fly the kite           E. Father is to fly the kite
          C. Father flew the kite

    18. Won’t you … to the library this afternoon?
          A. going       B. gone       C. go        D. goes       E. went

    19. Won’t you … to my school tomorrow morning?
          A. come                 C. coming                                E. comes
          B. to come             D. are going to come

    20. ............................... ? They hope I am going to English tomorrow.
          A. What do they hope you are going to do tomorrow
          B. What do they hope I am goin to do tomorrow
          C. What did they hope you did yesterday
          D. What have they hoped I did yesterday
          E. What had they hoped I did yesterday

II. Complete the following sentences with the will future form of the
    verbs in parentheses. Use the contracted form only. (Lengkapi
    kalimat – kalimat berikut dengan bentuk kata kerja future will di
    dalam kurung. Gunakan bentuk singkatan saja.)

    1. He … (call) you tomorrow. ( He’ll call you tomorrow )
    2. They … (see) us in the morning.
    3. I … (give) you that money tomorrow.
    4. She … (help) you with that work.
    5. The stores … (close) early today.
    6. We … (remain) in Mexico about a month.

III. Change the sentences below to the future with will. (Rubah
     kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini menjadi future dengan will.)

   1. He is in the elementary class.
         ( He’ll be in the elementary class. )
    2. She is our new teacher.
            ………………………………………….
    3. They are both good students.
            ………………………………………….
      4. Business is very good.
            ………………………………………….
      5. There are two tables in the room.
            ………………………………………….
      6. There is no one in the office.
            ………………………………………….

Iv. Use the future tense of the verb in parentheses in each sentence.
     Use only the future tense with to be going to. Study the first four
     examples carefully. (Gunakan kata masing-masing kalimat.
     Gunakan bentuk future tense dengan to be going to saja. Pelajari
     empat contoh pertama dengan seksama. )

     1. I (finish) it next week.
            I am going to finish it next week.
     2. He (go) there tomorrow.
           He is going to go there tomorrow.
     3. We (be) at the meeting.
            We are going to be at the meeting.
     4. I (return) and (ask) him.
            I am going to return and and ask him.
     5. The teacher (explain) the next lesson to us tomorrow.
            ………………………………………………………..
     6. We (attend) that conference in St. Louis next month.
            ………………………………………………………..
     7. I (study) my English lesson with my friends tonight
            ………………………………………………………..
     8. Mr. Wilson and Mr. Johnson (be) in the office all afternoon.
            ………………………………………………………..
     9. We (go) to the movies with our friends tomorrow night.
            ………………………………………………………..
     10. Miss Anderson (invite) all of her friends to her party.
            ………………………………………………………..
     11. Mr. Harris (teach) a different English class next year.
            ………………………………………………………..
     12. My. Brother (go) to Baltimore with me next week.
            ………………………………………………………..
     13. The man (repair) the roof of the house the day after tomorrow.
            ………………………………………………………..
     14. There (be) an important meeting here next Thursday evening.
                ………………………………………………………..

v. In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form
    using will or going to.

        Examples:
     1. A. Why are you turning on the television?
     B. I’m going to watch (watch) the news.

     2. A. Oh, I’ve just realized, I haven’t got any money.
     B. Don’t worry, that’s no problem I’ll lend (lend) you some.

     3. Those clouds are very black, aren’t they? I think it is going to rain (rain).

     4. A. I’ve got a terrible headache.
         B. Have you? Wait there and I ………… (get) an aspirin for you.

     5. A. Look! There’s smoke coming out of that house it’s on fire!
         B. Good heavens! I ………… (call) the fire brigade immediately.

     6. A. Why are you filling that bucket with water?
         B. I ………… (wash) the car.

     7. A. Did you post that letter for me?
         B. Oh, I’m sorry. I completely forget. I ………… (do) it now.

    8. A. I’ve decided to re paint this room
        B. Oh, have you? What color ………… (you/paint) it?

This is the end of The Simple Future Tense tutorial. Good luck.

Referensi:
1. Thomson, A.J., & Martinet, A.V., A Practical English Grammar, Oxford University
    Press, third edition, Oxford, 1990
2. Murphy, Raymond, English Grammar In Use, Cambridge University Press, six
    printing, New York, 1988
3. Hornby, AS, Guide To Patterns And Usage In English, second edition, Oxford, 1975
4. Wishon, E., George, & Burks, M., Julia, Let’s Write English, American Book
    Company, revised edition, New York, 1988
5. English Alfa Books 1, 2, 3 and 4, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1980
6. Allen, W. Stannard, Living English Structure – A Practice Book For Foregin Students,
    P.T. Dian Rakyat – Longmans, second Dian Rakjat Impression, Djakarta, 1970
7. Dixson, Robeert J., Graded Exercises In English, Regents Publishing Company
Inc., a new revised edition, USA., 1971
8. Taylor, Grant, Mastering American English, McGraw – Hill Book Company, Inc.,
    New York, 1956
9. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Inggris-Indonesia, PT. Gramedia
    Jakarta, Jakarta, 2000
10. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Indonesia-Inggris Cetakan XXIV,
    PT. Gramedia Jakarta, Jakarta, 1990
11. Saefudin, A., Bunga Rampai EBTANAS Bahasa Inggris SMA, PT.Intan
     Pariwara, edisi kedua, Klaten, 1988
12. Simanjuntak, Herpinus, Bahasa Inggris Sistem 52 M Jilid 1, Kesaint Blanc,
     Jakarta, 1989
13. Sudrajat, M.T., & Besari, Ismail, Pembahasan Metoda 2000 Soal Bahasa Inggris,
      Penerbit M2S, Bandung, 1985
14. Wardiman, Artono, Drs., Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris SMA I, II, III, Ganeca
      Exact, Bandung, 1988
15. http://www.englishclub.com/reading/proverbs-meaning.htm
16. http://www.tolearnenglish.com
17. http://www.iei.uiuc.edu/structure/Structure1/fieldadjs.html
18. http://www.englishbaby.com
19. http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar
20. http://www.esl-library.com
21. www.english-portal.net

Tentang Penulis

The Past Perfect Continuous Tense by D.A. Satriadi

2010-12-27T00:03:00.001+07:00

Aga Collection

Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging, Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos ('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)

Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia,

HP.: 081281821603, E-mail:

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THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

8. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense

          Seperti halnya Past Perfect yang merupakan lampau dari Present Perfect, begitu juga The Past Perfect Continuous Tense yang merupakan lampau dari The Present Perfect Continuous Tense.

          Kejadian dalam kalimat tense ini untuk menyatakan sudah berapa lama prosesnya sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau sebelum kejadian lain terjadi.

           Formasi kalimatnya tersusun dari kata kerja bantu (kkb.) had + been dan kata kerja pertama dengan ing. Bentuk negatifnya (-) dengan menambahkan kata not setelah had (had not = hadn’t), sedangkan introgatifnya (?) had berada di depan subyek (S).

Pola Kalimat:

(+) S +had + been +V1 + ing + O/Adv.
(-) S + had + not + been + V1 + ing + O/Adv.
(?) Had + S + been + V1 + ing + O/Adv.

Fungsi dan Contoh:

i. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense menyatakan bahwa suatu
   peristiwa sudah dimulai pada saat diceritakan di waktu lampau
   dan masih berlanjut atau sudah berhenti pada saat dibicarakan
   tersebut.

It was now six and he was tired because he had been working since down.
They had been sawing; that was why they were in dust.
The football match had been stopped. They had been play for half an when there was a terrible storm.
The two boys came into the house. One had a black eye and the other had a cut lip. They had been fighting.
Tom was leaning against the wall, out of breath. He had been running.
I had been washing the car before he rang me up.
She had been doing the exercise before you got there.
Had he been having breakfast before I came?
Ken had been smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up.
It was very tired when I arrived home. I’d been working hard all day.

ii. menyatakan bahwa suatu peristiwa sudah berlangsung pada
saat peristiwa lain berlangsung juga pada waktu lampau.

They had been working for about an hour when it began to rain.
When we entered the class, Mr. Tan had been teaching English for about two minutes.
She had been washing the car before he rang me up.
I had been painting the door when he came in.
The owners of Eldrige Photographic Supply Company had been doing business in the same location for several years when they decided to move.
Had you been waiting for a long time when they arrived?

iii. menggantikan The Present Perfect Continuous Tense dalam
perubahan kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung.

The lecture said, “I have been studying the problem.“
The lecture said that he had been studying the problem for years.

EXERCISES

I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it. (Pililah A,
   B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan memberi tanda silang.)

   1. My wife … been teaching at that school before she decided to move
        to the company.
        A. is       B. was     C. has     D. had      E. will

   2. The writer had been … to the response when a letter came.
        A. forwarding   C. looked forward             E. looking forward
        B. looking         D. looking forwarding

    3.    We … watching television when a guest knocked on the door.
        A. hadn’t been   B. been hadn’t C. aren’t   D. hadn’t E. been not

    4. … Ardy … playing badminton in the competition for ten minutes
        when we saw?
        A. Had-been   B. Had-been   C. Will-be D. Are-and Alan E. Been-had

    5. The Gomez family … about moving for several months.
        A. thingking               C. had been thingking    E. thinks
        B. been thinking        D. have thought

    6. Otis … carefully when he had the accident.
        A. hadn’t been driving      C. hadn’t been     E. driving
        B. drives                             D. driving very

    7. We … several possibilities before we made the decision.
        A. had been         C. been considering     E. had been considering
        B. hadn’t been     D. had considering

    8. Before I finished my work, I … .
        A. had been telephoning my colleague
        B. been telephoning my colleague
        C. had telephoning my colleague
        D. was been telephoning my colleague
        E. been had telephoning my colleague

    9. They … when you arrived.
        A. had practicing a special song
        B. been practicing a special song
        C. had been practicing a special song
        D. have been practicing a special song
        E. are practicing a special song

    10. They hadn’t been … when you called.
        A. listen to music         C. been listening to music    E. music to listen
          B. listened to music     D. listened to music

    11. My brother was a singer. He was going to participate in a
          contest, so she … hard.
        A. practises           C. was practising             E. had been practising
          B. is practising      D. has been practising

    12. Mr. Koman was an English teacher. He … here since 1982.
          A. teaches               C. taught                       E. had been teaching
          B. was teaching      D. has been taching

    13. Before he died, he … from typhoid fever for two months.
          A. has suffered                 C. had been suffering   E. is suffering
          B. had been suffered       D. suffered

    14. The gardener … the grass for one hour when I asked him to help
          me open the gate.
          A. had feeding              C. had been mowing    E. had to been mowing
          B. had been feeding     D. had mowing

    15. He went to America two days ago. He … his business affairs
           before he went there.
          A. had been arranging   C. been arranging     E. had been to painting
          B. had been painting      D. been painting

    16. The negative form of the Past Perfect Continuous Tense is … .
          A. Not is had been raining when I looked out or the window
          B. When I looked out of the window, it had been not raining
          C. It not had been raining when I looked out of the window
          D. When I looked out of the window, it hadn’t been raining
          E. It had been raining not when I looked out of the window

    17. Had he been expecting the letter from the company when she met him?
          A. No, he had.                      C. Yes, he hadn’t            E. Yes, he had
          B. No, he had been not.      D. Yes, he had been

    18. The correct interrogative form of ‘Ken had been smoking for 30
           years when he finally gave it up is …
          A. Did Ken had been smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up?
          B. Been had Ken smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up?
          C. Been Ken had smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up?
          D. Ken had been smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up?
          E. Had Ken been smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up?

    19. I had been washing the car before he rang me up.
          A. What had you been washing before he rang me up?
          B. Who had been washing the car before he rang me up?
          C. When had he been washing the car before he rang me up?
          D. Where had been washing the car before he rang me up?
          E. Why had he been washing the car before he rang me up?

    20. “Indra has been eating for an hour,“ she said.
          She said that Indra … for an hour.
          A. has been eating          C. was eating                   E. eats
          B. is eating                       D. had been eating

II. Put the verbs between brackets into The Past Perfect Continuous
    Tense. (Masukkan kata kerja di antara kurung ke dalam kalimat
    The Past Perfect Continuous Tense.)

    Example:
    She ( read ) the novel for a quarter of an hour before I came home.
    She had been reading the novel for a quarter of an hour before I came home.

    1. The police ( look ) for the criminal for two years before they caught him.
        ………………………………………….
    2. The patient ( wait ) in the emergency room for almost two hours before a
        doctor finally treated her.
        ………………………………………….
    3. He finally came at nine o’clock. I (wait) for him since seven o’clock.
        ………………………………………….
    4. Her skin was sunburned because she (lie) on the beach all day long.
        ………………………………………….
    5. All came at last. We (look) forward to his arrival because we wanted to
        start the match.
        ………………………………………….
    6. The robbers were finally caught because the police ( chase ) them
        night and day.
        ………………………………………….
    7. The boys ( swim ) for twenty minutes before it began to rain.
        ………………………………………….
    8. Before he was sent abroad, he ( study ) English since he was twelve.
        ………………………………………….
    9. I told him that he ( behave ) very rudely.
        ………………………………………….
    10. He asked me why I ( live ) in the country.
          ………………………………………….


III. In this exercise you have to read a situation and then write a
    sentence. (Pada latihan ini Anda harus membaca situasinya,
    kemudian tulislah kalimat.)

    Example:
    When I arrived, everyone was sitting round the table and talking.
    Their mouths were empty but their stomachs were full. ( they / eat )
    They had been eating.

    1. Tom was watching television. He was feeling very tired.
        (he/ study/ hard all day)
        ………………………………………….

    2. When I walked into the room, it was empty. But there was a smell of
        a cigarette. (somebody / smoke / in the room )
        ………………………………………….

    3. When Mary came back from the beach, she looked very red
        from the sun. (she / lie / in the sun too long)
        ………………………………………….

    4. The two boys came into the house. They had a football and they
        were both very tired. (they / play football)
        ………………………………………….

    5. Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and
        she didn’t know where she was. (she / dream)
        ………………………………………….

This is the end of The Past Perfect Continuous Tense tutorial. Good luck.

The Past Perfect Tense by D.A. Satriadi

2010-12-26T23:33:00.001+07:00

Aga Collection

Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging, Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos ('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)

Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia,

HP.: 081281821603, E-mail:

Produk-produk berkualitas kami terdiri dari berbagai macam kualitas sesuai pesanan Anda.

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

7. The Past Perfect Tense

The Past Perfect Tense terbentuk dari kata bantu had dan kata kerja ketiga (past participle). Pembuatan kalimat negatifnya (= menyangkal) dengan menambahkan not (had not = hadn’t), sedangkan interogatif (=bertanya) dengan menempatkan had di depan subyek.

Dalam tenses ini, kejadiannya sudah sempurna dilakukan atau sudah sempurna terjadi di waktu lampau, sebelum peristiwa lain terjadi di waktu lampau juga. Kalimat yang digarisbawahi di atas, yang berbentuk simple past atau past continuous merupakan penambah informasi kapan dilakukan atau terjadinya isi kalimat Past Perfect. Dengan demikian, The Past Perfect Tense tidak bisa berdiri sendiri begitu saja.

Pola Kalimat dengan linking verbs (be):

(+) S + had + V3 + O/Adv.
(-) S + had + not + V3 + O/Adv.
(?) Had + S + V3 + O/Adv.

Fungsi dan Contoh:

i. menyatakan bahwa sesuatu sudah sempurna terjadi sebelum
peristiwa lain terjadi pada waktu lampau.

When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home.
When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had stolen my fur coat.
George didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because he had seen the film twice.
The lecture did not begin until every one had arrived.
It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadn’t flown before.
I left as soon as the meeting had ended.
When she got there, everyone had gone home.

ii. menyatakan terjadinya sesuatu dalam kurun waktu tertentu
dan sudah terlaksana.

He had been in the army for twenty years.
Tom was then 23. His father had died five years before.
Bill was in uniform when I met him. He had been a soldier for ten years (since seventeen), and planned to stay in trhe army till he was thirty.
Ann had lived in a cottage for sixty years (ever since she was born, and had no wish to move to a tower block.
The old oak tree, which had stood in the churchyard for 300 years (since before the church was built), suddenly crashed to the ground.
Peter, who had waited for an hour (since ten o’clock), was very angry with his sister when she eventually turned up.
He had served in the army for ten years; then he had retired and married. His children were now at school.

iii. menggantikan The Present Perfect Tense atau The Simple Past
Tense ketika terjadi perubahan kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat
tidak langsung.

The lecture said, “I have studied the problem for years.“
The lecture said that he had studied the problem for years.
“I haven’t seen Bill for a while, “Charlie said. Charlie said that he hadn’t seen Bill for a while.
“Tom had an accident last week but he wasn’t injured,” Charlie said.
Charlie said that Tom had had an accident last week but he hadn’t been ijured.
You’ve overcooked the steak again, Mary,‘ he said.
He told Mary that she had overcooked the steak again.

iv. Menyatakan keinginan yang tak tercapai atau keadaan yang
    bertentangan dengan fakta karena sesuatu di masa lampau
    berbeda. Fungsi ke-4 ini tidak menekankan pada bentuk kalimat
    pengandaiannya (conditional sentence), tetapi pada pemakaian
    tenses ini sendiri.

If only you had told me. (= but you didn’t tell me.)
I wish you had come with us.
If Cleon had know the facts, he would have told you.
If Mr. Sutejo had studied hard, he would have passed his examinations.
Had I seen you, would have said hello..

EXERCISES

I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it. (Pililah A,
   B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan memberi tanda silang.)

   1. Oscar … already left when you arrived.
        A. he                  B. just    C. had            D. was         E. for

    2. The landlord … just rented the apartment when I got there.
        A. almost    B. have          C. has to            D. had           E. for

    3. … They rented it before you called. ?
        A. how              B. who      C. did              D. had          E. for

    4. Rani … not gone to sleep when the television was on.
        A. had        B. has         C. have             D. has to             E. is

    5. … had lived here when the world war began.
        A. A book          B. They          C. bring            D. will       E. had

    6. She hadn’t … anything to me since she came here.
        A. spoke    B. spoken    C. speak    D. speaks   E. speaking

    7. Rio … just …. Home when you left yesterday.
        A. has-go           C. had-brought            E. had-came
        B. had-gone      D. has-looked for

    8. You … better than me before I told you the story.
        A. had know     B. had knew   C. know    D. knows    E. are knowing

    9. There was nobody at school when you were there.
         Everybody … out of it      already.
        A. goes    B. go    C. had gone    D. has gone    E. to go

    10. Jack and brown arrived at the railway station late. The rain …
           already …
          A. had-leaved        C. was-arrived     E. had-left
          B. is-leaving           D. had-arrived

    11. The Surya family had watched television … four and a half hours.
          A. in            B. had          C. since          D. for                E. with

    12. I graduated my university well in 1991.my father had expected it …
          A. three years ago           C. yesterday        E. tomorrow
          B. three years before      D. now

    13. We hadn’t woken up … when you knocked on the door.
          A. just                B. already         C. yet           D. for            E. before

    14. Had Rini studied her lessons when her friend Eti visited her?
          A. Yes, she does.    C. Yes, she had.    E. Yes, she hadn’t
          B. No, she didn’t.     D. No, he had.

    15. The correct negative form of the past perfect tense is … .
          A. tom didn’t go home last night while it was happening
          B. she doesn’t know him because she always stays at home
          C. I am not listening to the radio right now
          D. the show didn’t go on until the crowd hadn’t thrown anything
               one another
          E. We haven’t made a cake yet since last month

    16. The negative form of the Past Perfect Tense is … .
          A. The snake didn’t bitten people when they came closer to it.
          B. The snake had not bitten people when they come closer to it.
          C. The snake had not bitten people when they came closer to it.
          D. The snake had not bit people when they came closer to it.
          E. The people had not bite the snake when they came closer to it.

    17. The interrogative form of the Past Perfect Tense is …
          A. Have you arrived there since I wanted to go?
          B. Had you arrived there when I was on my way?
          C. Did you arrived there yesterday morning?
          D. Do you arrive on time?
          E. Have you arrived there since 7 o’clock?

    18. The correct interrogative form of the Past Perfect Tense is …
          A. Had she already arranged to had done anything else when
               I invited her to dinner last night?
          B. Had she already arrange to do anything else when I invited
               her to dinner last night?
          C. Had she already arrange to do anything else when I invite
               her to dinner last night?
          D. Had she already arranged to go anything else while I invited
               her to dinner last night?
          E. Had she already arranged to do anything else when I invited
               her to dinner last night?

    19. I wanted to be an actor, but I didn’t go to IKJ. If I … to IKJ, I would
          have been a movie star.
          A. had gone      B. have gone      C. went    D. go    E. am going

    20. People know that she was poor two years ago. Does she wish she …
           rich two years ago?
          A. is        B. was        C. had been        D. were      E. be

II. Complete these sentences using the verbs in brackets. You
    went back to your home town after many years and you found
    that many things were different. (Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat berikut
    dengan menggunakan kata kerja dalam kurung. Kamu pulang
    kampung setelah beberapa tahun dan sadar bahwa banyak yang
    telah berubah.)

       Example:
                        Most of my friends were no longer there.
                        They had left ( leave ).

    1. My best friend, Kevin, was no longer there. He … (go) away.
    2. The local cinema was no longer open. It … (close) down.
    3. Mr. Johnson was no longer alive. He … (die).
    4. I didn’t recognise Mrs. Johnson. She … (change) a lot.
    5. Bill no longer had his car. He … (sell) it.

III. Change the sentence below into the Past Perfect Tense and add
     your answer with … when Dea was born. (Rubahlah kalimat-kalimat
    di bawah ini menjadi The Past Perfect Tense dan tambahkan jawaban
    Anda dengan … when Dea was born )

    1. Patrick is there.
        ………………………………………….

    2. Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
        ………………………………………….

    3. The doorbell is ringing.
        ………………………………………….

    4. People are waiting for the Living English Tenses.
        ………………………………………….

    5. We didn’t know the train accident.
        ………………………………………….

    6. When did you meet him?
        ………………………………………….

    7. I’ve heard John married to Jane.
        ………………………………………….

    8. His father has already finished the publication.
        ………………………………………….

    9. Donny and Derry weren’t enjoying the programs on TV.
        ………………………………………….

    10. I have been waiting for Didi since ten.
           ………………………………………….

This is the end of The Past Perfect Tense tutorial. Good luck.

The Past Continuous Tense by D.A. Satriadi

2010-12-26T23:04:00.001+07:00

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Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging, Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos ('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)

Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia,

HP.: 081281821603, E-mail:

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THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

6. The Past Continuous Tense

Pada intinya The Past Continuous Tense mengandung suatu pengertian dari 2 bentuk kata past (= waktu lampau) dan continuous (= sedang berlangsung/ terjadi). Jadi tenses ini menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau. Lebih dari itu, di dalam praktek penggunaanya sehari-hari ternyata belum cukup menyampaikan informasi jika tidak diikuti kalimat lain, baik dalam bentuk Simple Past atau Past Continuous itu sendiri. Dengan kata lain, adanya suatu kegiatan atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau ketika kegiatan atau peristiwa lain menyusul.

Catatan:
Setelah when biasanya diikuti The Simple Past Tense, sedangkan while diikuti The Past Continuous Tense.

Pola Kalimat dengan linking verbs (be):

(+) S + be (was/were) + V1 + ing + O/Adv.
(-) S + be + not + V1 + ing + O/Adv.
(?) Be + S + V1 + ing + O/Adv.

Fungsi dan Contoh:

i. The Past Continuous Tense untuk melukiskan suatu
peristiwa sedang berlaku pada masa lampau.

We were watching televisison the whole night.
He was always a little mad. He. was always trying to to prove that the earth was flat.
What were you doing at 10.00 last night?
I was studying.
The storm was getting worse and worse.
The rain was falling down heavily in Depok.

ii. menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedang dan terus
berlangsung bersamaan dengan terjadinya peristiwa
lain pada waktu lampau.

I was sleeping when the phone rang.
When the telephone rang, I was taking a shower.
While I was studying, I fell asleep.
When I first met him, he was working in a bar.
They were eating in the restaurant on the corner when.
He was just ordering breakfast when I went to his hotel.
While John was talking his English lesson, his friend arrived.

iii. menyatakan bahwa dua kegiatan sedang berlangsung
pada saat yang sama.

I was studying while he was reading.
While they were coming toward us, we were eating intently.
My mother was cooking rice in the kitchen while my father was trimming the grasses in the garden.
Were you watching television while your parents were doing the houseworks?
We weren’t staying at home while the burglars were breaking into our house.

iv. menyatakan kalimat tidak langsung.

He said he was living in London.
You told me that they were playing tennis.
Charlie said that Nora and Jim were getting married next month.
Charlie said that he was thinking of going to live in Canada.
Tom said (that) he was going away for a few days and would phone me when he got back.
My friend Samsudin asked me if I was still teaching at school and the English course.

v. menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung
antara dua titik waktu pada masa lampau.

Between June 1965 and December 1966, he was writing a novel.
I was studying at IKIP Bandung between June 1988 and 1991.
Between one and two I was doing the shopping and walking the dog.

vi. menyatakan rencana pada saat mendatang di waktu lampau.

He was busy packing, for he was leaving that night.
The people were crowded at the terminal. The bus was arriving at 11:30
Her birthday was coming soon. She had invited her friends to come.
She was having the party on Saturday. That was why her father had bought a present for her.

EXERCISES

I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it. (Pililah A,
   B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan memberi tanda silang.)

   1. I … home when it started to rain.
       A. walking        B. walks      C. was walking      D. walk     E. am walking

    2. Devie’s mother wasn’t at home, when she come home from school yesterday
        morning.
        She … to the market.
        A. was going       B. is going      C. has gone      D. had gone     E. goes

    3. When I talked to hom last, he … English.
        A. studies       B. study     C. was studying    D. studied    E. was studied

    4. I … when the doorbell rang.
        A. was slepping     B. sleep      C. slept      D. sleeps     E. to sleep

    5. The phone … when he stepped into my room.
        A. rings      B. is ringing      C. is rung      D. was ringing     E. has rung

    6. All … home when I got there.
        A. goes     B. are going     C. has gone    D. were going    E. have gone

    7. What were you … about?
        A. to talking      B. talked     C. talks    D. to talk    E. talking

    8. I thought he … us while we were doing the job.
    A. is expecting        C. has been expecting      E. expecting
    B. was expecting    D. expects

    9. Was he … a new house when you lived there?
        A. building   B. to build    C. was building   D. builds   E. built

    10. I … when he came in.
         A. is talking   B. was talking   C. are talking   D. am talking   E. talk

    11. … when it started to rain .
        A. I have worked in the garden       D. I begun worked in the garden
        B. I was working in the garden        E. I am worked in the garden
          C. I begins work in the garden

    12. What was Riky doing … Rinie was studying?
          A. if                 B. when           C. while           D. and            E. or

    13. Mr. Rachmat (the late) was sitting with her … I saw.
        A. if       B. and      C. or       D. when       E. while

    14. Who was eating when you came?
        A. Tini is.    B. Tini was.    C. Tini will.    D. Tini has.   E. Tini does.

    15. Was not he … his father when you visited him?
          A. help    B. helping    C. helped     D. helps    E. to help

    16. We … books while the postman was coming.
          A. are reading                 C. were reading                     E. reading
          B. was reading                D. is reading

    17. … wasn’t … television when her mother slept.
          A. They - watched   C. Roy and Marten - turning on    E. he - to came
          B. Michael - sell       D. Nia - watching

    18. I was reading a book when … .
          A. he come               C. he comes                    E. he to came
        B. he came               D. he is coming

    19. When it … they were sitting under the big tree.
          A. to rain    B. rain    C. raining    D. rains    E. rained

    20. Did you … the television while father was sitting in the living?
          A. watch    B. watches   C. watching    D. watched   E. was watching

II. Make sentences. Use The Past Progressive Tense. What were
   they doing when Kathy arrived? (Buat kalimat dengan The Past
   Progressive Tense. What were they doing when Kathy arrived?)

   1. Margie, take, pictures
       ………………………………………….

    2. Ann, tie, rope
        ………………………………………….

    3. Lisa, lie, down
        ………………………………………….

    4. Gina, write, diary
        ………………………………………….

    5. Irene, not, feel, well
        ………………………………………….

    6. She, heat, water
        ………………………………………….

    7. She, talk, friend
        ………………………………………….

    8. They, listen, to radio
        ………………………………………….

    9. Irene, Lisa, look, at, snow
        ………………………………………….

    10. Judy, read, map
           ………………………………………….

III. Supply the correct Past Continuous Tense form of the verb in
     the parenthesis. (Berikan bentuk Past Continuous Tense yang
     tepat dari kata kerja di dalam kurung.)

    1. It … (rain) when I left home.
    2. When you telephone, I … (have) dinner.
    3. The baby … (sleep) soundly when I went to wake him.
    4. I got sick while we … (drive) to mexico.
    5. The accident happened while they … (travel) in mexico.
    6. She … (talk) with Mr. Smith when I saw her in the hall.
    7. When I got up this morning, the sun … (shine) brightly.
    8. She fell as she … (get) into a taxi.
    9. While I … (come) to work this morning, I met an old friend.
    10. At seven o’clock, when you telephoned, I … (read) the newspaper.

This is the end of The Simple Past Tense tutorial. Good luck.

The Simple Past Tense by D.A. Satriadi

2010-12-26T01:53:00.000+07:00

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Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging, Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos ('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)

Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, Kode Pos 16437,

HP.: 081281821603, E-mail:

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THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

4. The Simple Past Tense

The Simple Past Tense secara umum dapat Anda gunakan untuk kegiatan yang dilakukan di waktu lampau atau peristiwa yang selesai di waktu lalu dan tidak ada hubungan dengan waktu sekarang. Dalam tenses ini juga terdapat dua struktur kalimat seperti halnya The Simple Present Tense, pertama menggunakan linking verb atau verb be (kata kerja penghubung), yaitu was dan were. Kata kerja ini dapat berarti ada, berada, adalah, tapi padanannya tersebut sering kali tidak diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia sama sekali. Bentuk negative (peniadaan) dibuat dengan menambahkan kata not setelah kata kerja tersebut: was not, dan were not. Sedangkan bentuk interrogative (pertanyaan) dibuat dengan menempatkan kata kerja sebelum subyek: was I….?, was he…..?, was she….?, was it….?, were you….?, were we…..?, were they……?, dan seterusnya.

Di dalam kalimat linking verb menghubungkan subyek dengan noun, adjective, adverb atau prepositionial phrase of place sebagai complement (pelengkap penderita, penyerta, pelaku). Perhatikan perbedaannya di bawah ini:

I was a student. (a student adalah jenis kata benda)
She was not stupid. (stupid adalah jenis kata sifat)
Were you still there? (there adalah jenis kata keterangan)
They were in the living room. (in the living room adalah frase kata kata depan menerangkan tempat)

Struktur kalimat lainnya menggunakan kata kerja utama kedua (Verb 2 atau Simple Past) yang memiliki arti masing-masing, seperti: ate (makan), went (pergi), played (bermain / memainkan), spoke (berbicara), dan sebagainya. Dalam kalimat positive setelah subyek I, you, we, they, he, she, dan it diikuti kata kerja kedua tersebut: I ate, you ate, we ate, they ate, Toni and Teni ate, the teachers ate, he ate, she ate, it ate, Jane ate, the rabbit ate, dan seterusnya.

Kata bantu did berlaku untuk semua subyek: I, you, we, they, he, she, dan it dalam kalimat negative atau interrogative. Namun, kata kerja kedua (Simple Past) berubah menjadi kata kerja kesatu (infinitive). Contracted forms (= bentuk-bentuk penyingkatan) did not adalah didn't. Di dalam kalimat tertulis seperti berikut: I didn't, you didn't, we didn't, they didn't, he didn't, she didn't, it didn't, did I ….?, did you ….?, did we ….?, did they ….?, did Dony and Kemal …..?, did Ita and her friends …..?, did he ….?, did she ….?, did it….?, did Devi …..?, did the crocodile ……?, dan seterusnya.

Dalam tenses ini seringkali digunakan kata keterangan waktu, seperti: last week/year/night/etc.* (= minggu/tahun/malam lalu/dan seterusnya), yesterday (= kemarin), two minutes/three days/four weeks/five years ago (= dua menit/tiga hari/empat minggu/lima tahun lalu), in 1987 (= pada tahun 1987), when I was a child (= ketika aku kecil), yang acapkali terdapat kalimat ini.

Pola Kalimat dengan linking verbs (be):

(+)    S + linking verb (be: was / were) + O/Adv.
(-)    S + linking verb (be: was / were) + not + O/Adv.
(?)    Be (was / were) + S + O/Adv.

Pola Kalimat dengan main verbs (kata kerja utama):

(+)    S + V2 + O/Adv.
(-)    S + did + not + V1 + O/Adv.
(?)    Did + S + V1 + O/Adv.

              Penggunaan kata bantu (have / has) terhadap subyeknya dan contracted forms dapat Anda lihat penjelasannya pada The Present Perfect Tense.

Fungsi dan Contoh:

i. The Simple Past Tense untuk menyatakan perbuatan selesai di waktu
   lampau yang tidak ada hubungannya dengan saat ini.

She made a cake yesterday.
He did not watch television last night.
Did you get up so late?
Michael Jackson was a great singer
John did his homework after dinner.
I was in California. I am in Jakarta now.

ii. untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan lama yang sudah lewat.

I used to swim in that river.
He used to smoke three packs of cigarettes a day.
She always took care of me when I was very young.

EXERCISES

I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it. (Pililah A,
   B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan memberi tanda silang.)

    1. Was the weather nice on Monday? No, it … .
        A. isn’t      B. were      C. was      D. weren’t     E. wasn’t

    2. We … on vacation last week.
        A. are              B. were            C. wasn’t      D. is                   E. be

    3. … you and Yukiko home last night?
        A. Are             B. Were           C. Wasn’t     D. Is                   E. Was

    4. I … in Montreal last night?
        A. was             B. am               C. were         D. are                 E. do

    5. Yesterday I … lunch with a friend.
        A. eat               B. have            C. ate            D. take               E. do

    6. I … to my sister on the telephone last   night .
        A. talking        B. to talk         C. talk           D. talk                  E. talked

    7. I … a good time yesterday.
        A. have           B. takes           C. had            D. were                  E. spend

    8. They … two books at the bookstore.
        A. bought        B. went            C. has            D. ate                  E. drank

    9. We … in class yesterday.
        A. be               B. wasn’t        C. was          D. are                     E. weren’t

    10. I … sick last week.
        A. am             B. are             C. was           D. were                   E. weren’t

    11. Yesterday we … lunch at a restaurant.
           A. ate             B. have          C. eat             D. has                   E. were

    12. I … a new dress yesterday.
        A. have          B. buy            C. bought       D. has                   E. buying

    13. We … for an hour on the phone.
           A. talked        B. have           C. talking       D. is                   E. were

    14. … you at home last night ?
           A. Were         B. Are            C. Is                D. Was                  E. Did

    15. What time did the movie ….?
           A. begun      B. began    C. beginning     D. begins      E. begin

    16. I drove my car to work … .
        A. now      B. at the moment     C. tomorrow     D. tonight     E. a few days ago

    17. My friend … not order any more coffe last hour.
           A. did               B. done             C. do              D. does                 E. was

    18. Dody gave you a present for your birthday.
           A. Who gave you a present for your birthday?
           B. What did Dody give you for your birthday?
           C. How did Dody give you a present for your birthday?
           D. Whom did Dody give you a present for?
           E. Where did Dody give you a present for your birthday?

    19. The correct sentence is …
           A. Did she watched television yesterday morning?
           B. Did you tell me the truth last night?
           C. Did they play chess now?
           D. Does he notice nouncement a few months ago?
           E. Does we knew the accident at this moment?

    20. The correct sentence is …
           A. Pierce Brosnan didn’t came up in this world a few years ago.
           B. Broke Shields wasn’t come up in this world a few years ago.
           C. Dea didn’t do any terrible mistakes yesterday.
           D. Debie doesn’t did any terrible mistakes yesterday.
           E. Richard Gere didn’t does any terrible mistakes a few years ago.

II. Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses into The Simple Past
    Tense. (Berikan bentuk The Simple Past Tense yang tepat dari kata kerja
    di dalam kurung.)

    1. Where ….. you yesterday, Joan? (go) I ……… to a big outdoor market. (go)

    2. What …… you ……there? (do) I ……. to a lot of people. (talk)

    3. Who …… with you? (go) Charles …….. with me? (go)

    4. ………. you ………. to a lot of peple? ((talk) Yes, we …….. (do).

    5. …… you ….. some good food? (eat) Yes, we .... . (do) We..... some fruit. (eat)

    6. When ……… you …….? (return) We …….. at 9:30.

    7. What …….. you ……..? (buy) I ……… a lamp and a dresser.

    8. ………. You ……… fun? (have) Yes, I ………. a great time.

III. Change the sentences below into The Simple Past Tense by substituting
     the words marked. (Rubahlah kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini ke dalam The
     Simple Past Tense dengan mengganti kata-kata yang telah diberi tanda.)

    1. They are on the way to the office.
        ……………………………………………… .
    2.They go to the offices by car.
        ……………………………………………… .
    3. We are officers of the firm.
        ……………………………………………… .
    4. He types letters at full speed.
        ……………………………………………… .
    5. She is an interesting girl.
        ……………………………………………… .
    6. My sisters take a bath every day.
        ……………………………………………… .
    7. I am twenty years old.
        ……………………………………………… .
    8. The girl sends a package to her friend.
        ……………………………………………… .
    9. It is the calculator you are looking for.
        ……………………………………………… .
    10. You eat rice three times a day.
           ……………………………………………… .

IV. Rewrite the paragraph below into the The Simple Past Tense. (Tulis
     kembali paragraf di bawah ini ke dalam The Simple Past Tense.)

               Raoul goes to college. He studies government. He learns about different
        kinds of governments and about the machinery of government. His classes are
        interesting. They give him insights into politics. They make him critical. He may
        work in government. He may enter politics. He may only be a better voter. He
        will surely be a better citizen.

                    ………………………………………………………………………………
            ……………………………………………………………………………………
            ……………………………………………………………………………………
            ……………………………………………………………………………………
            ……………………………………………………………………………………
            ……………………………………………………………………………………
            ……………………………………………………………………………………
            ……………………………………………………………………………………
            ……………………………………………………………………………………
            ……………………………………………………………………………………

            (Catatan: bentuk lampau may = might, will = would)

This is the end of The Simple Past Tense tutorial. Good luck.

Referensi:
1. Thomson, A.J., & Martinet, A.V., A Practical English Grammar, Oxford University Press, third edition,
    Oxford, 1990
2. Murphy, Raymond, English Grammar In Use, Cambridge University Press, six printing, New York, 1988
3. Hornby, AS, Guide To Patterns And Usage In English, second edition, Oxford, 1975
4. Wishon, E., George, & Burks, M., Julia, Let’s Write English, American Book Company, revised edition,
    New York, 1988
5. English Alfa Books 1, 2, 3 and 4, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1980
6. Allen, W. Stannard, Living English Structure – A Practice Book For Foregin Students, P.T. Dian
    Rakyat – Longmans, second Dian Rakjat Impression, Djakarta, 1970
7. Dixson, Robeert J., Graded Exercises In English, Regents Publishing Company Inc., a new revised
    edition, USA., 1971
8. Taylor, Grant, Mastering American English, McGraw – Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1956
9. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Inggris-Indonesia, PT. Gramedia Jakarta, Jakarta, 2000
10. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Indonesia-Inggris Cetakan XXIV, PT. Gramedia Jakarta,
      Jakarta, 1990
11. Saefudin, A., Bunga Rampai EBTANAS Bahasa Inggris SMA, PT.Intan Pariwara, edisi kedua,
     Klaten, 1988
12. Simanjuntak, Herpinus, Bahasa Inggris Sistem 52 M Jilid 1, Kesaint Blanc, Jakarta, 1989
13. Sudrajat, M.T., & Besari, Ismail, Pembahasan Metoda 2000 Soal Bahasa Inggris, Penerbit
      M2S, Bandung, 1985
14. Wardiman, Artono, Drs., Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris SMA I, II, III, Ganeca Exact, Bandung,
     1988
15. http://www.englishclub.com/reading/proverbs-meaning.htm
16. http://www.tolearnenglish.com
17. http://www.iei.uiuc.edu/structure/Structure1/fieldadjs.html
18. http://www.englishbaby.com
19. http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar
20. http://www.esl-library.com
21. www.english-portal.net

Tentang Penulis

Banyak selebaran, flash card, ringkasan, buku kecil maupun buku-buku lainnya yang memuat tatabahasa Bahasa Inggris yang menjelaskan tenses sebatas pada uraian singkat, bahkan mungkin tanpa penjelasan apalagi fungsi-fungsi, contoh-contoh dan evaluasinya. Oleh karena itu, tak pelak lagi tulisan Living English Tenses ini merupakan salah satu sumber referensi lengkap bagi mereka yang ingin menguasai dan memperdalam keenam belas tenses Bahasa Inggris. Penulis yang berlatar belakang dari SMA Negeri 1 Depok (1988) Jurusan Bahasa dan Budaya (A4) dan IKIP Bandung (sekarang UPI Bandung) Jurusan Bahasa Inggris (1991) menuangkan materi-materinya berdasarkan pengalaman-pengalaman menelaah dan belajar-mengajar sebagai praktisi Bahasa Inggris di beberapa sekolah baik SLTP, SLTA atau perguruan tinggi maupun lembaga-lembaga informal kebahasaan.

Sementara pengalaman yang pernah dipetiknya sewaktu di Lembaga Pendidikan Yayasan “Setia Negara” yaitu Lokakarya Pemantapan Kurikulum 1994 Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (14-15 Januari 1995), Pusdiklat LPIA, Zero Defect Quality (9-12 Juni 2003) merupakan hal yang sangat membantu alur penulisan naskah yang mudah dipahami bagi pembacanya. Contoh-contoh kalimat yang diberikan juga cukup praktis yang merupakan petikan pengalaman karya komunikatif semasa masih sebagai Visa Section Staff, Embassy of Japan at Jakarta (1994-1995), Personnel & General Affairs Staff, Nissho Iwai Corporation in Jakarta Office (1995-2000), SMK Izzata, Wakasek Kesiswaan & Kurikulum, School Administration and Management, (2004-2007), dan Student Apprentice Coordinator, Practical English Course, English Instructor and Branch Manager / Vice Head of Depok Division (2005-2006).

Saat ini penulis aktif sebagai pimpinan manajemen di lembaga International English Instittute (IEI) for everyone beserta rekan-rekannya yang menangani pendidikan dan pelatihan Bahasa Inggris secara komunikatif bagi para pesertanya, di samping juga melayani permintaan penerjemahan teks atau buku berbahasa Ingris dari kliennya dan mengajar di salah satu SMU suasta di Jakarta.

The Present Perfect Continuous Tense by D.A. Satriadi

2010-12-24T14:38:00.005+07:00

Aga Collection

Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging, Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos ('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)

Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, Kode Pos 16437,

HP.: 081281821603, E-mail:

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THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

by D. A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

4. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense

The Present Perfect Continuous Tense terdapat unsur-unsur dari formasi perfect (have / has) dan continuous ( V1 + ing ) dengan kata been di antara keduanya.

Tenses ini digunakan biasanya untuk menyatakan proses kegiatan dilakukan di waktu yang lalu hinga sekarang masih berlanjut. Hal ini berbeda dengan The Present Perfect Tense yang lebih menekankan pada hasil atau akibat.

Pola Kalimat:

(+) S + have/has + been + V1 + ing + O/Adv.
(-) S + have/has + not + been + V1 + ing + O/Adv.
(?) Have/has + S + been + V1 + ing + O/Adv.

       Penggunaan kata bantu (have / has) terhadap subyeknya dan contracted forms dapat Anda lihat penjelasannya pada The Present Perfect Tense.

Fungsi dan Contoh:

i. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk membicarakan
   kegiatan (tindakan yang cukup lama) yang telah dimulai di waktu lampau
   dan belum lama selesai atau baru saja berhenti.

You’re out of breath. Have you been running?
That man over there is bright red. I think he’s been sunbathing.
Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
I’ve been talking to Tom and he thinks ….
There is foodstuff in the kitchen. I’m sure someone has been going shopping.
Dad: I don’t want to go outside. It’s wet on the grasses.
Mom: I see. Well, how long has the rain been falling down anyway?

ii. menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sudah berlangsung sampai saat
dibicarakan dan masih akan berlanjut terus.

I have been waiting for Dodo since ten.
My baby has been sleeping for seven hours.
How long have you been learning English.
George hasn’t been feeling very well recently.
She has been living in the same house since she was born.
The speaker has been talking for over two hours.
What has he been doing since eight o’clock? He has been working in the Johnsons’ living room.
Robert is fixing his car. He has been fixing it since 9:00 this morning.
She’s been working here since April. (= from April until now )

iii. menyatakan kebiasaan yang terjadi akhir-akhir ini.

You have been smoking, heh!
He has been drinking whiskey nowadays.
How long has Mike been playing chess?
I’ve been collecting stamps since I was a child.

iv. menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang belum lama terjadi.

The children have been flying kites all afternoon.
She has been reading novels all day today.
DAVID: Dad, I’m tired. We’ve been painting since eight o’clock this morning, and my arm is aching.
Now it’s 11 oclock. How long have the Johnsons been busy? David has been studying since nine-thirty. Ann has been telephoning since ten to eleven. Mike has been painting the chair since ten-thirty. And Alice has been standing in the line since a quarter to eleven.

v. menyatakan tindakan yang tidak putus-putus atau henti-hentinya.

I’ve been knocking. I don’t think anybody’s in.
I’ve been writing letters since breakfast.
We’ve been painting all weekend!
Ann has been writing letters all day.
It’s been raining since I got up this morning.
We’ve been having a lot of rain lately.
She has been waiting to see you since two o’clock (and is still waiting).
The baby has been crying all morning.

EXERCISES

I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it. (Pililah
   A, B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan memberi tanda
   silang.)

    1. All day long I … been waiting for the telegram.
        A. am                B. was                C. has                D. had             E.have

    2. She has been watering the flowers … an hour.
        A. in                B. for                C. since              D. at              E. on

    3. He has been working for the same company … 25 years.
        A. for                B. since           C. in                   D. on             E. at

    4. She has been teaching English for 20 years.
        A. What has she been teaching for 20 years?
        B. Why has she been teaching English for 20 years?
        C. Who has she been teaching English for 20 years?
        D. How long has she been teaching English?
        E. Where has she been teaching English for 20 years?

    5. They have been studying math since they were six.
        A. Who have been studying math?
        B. What have they been studying since they were six?
        C. How long have they been studying math?
        D. Where have they been studying math?
        E. Why have they been studying math?

    6. Arrange the following words in a good and correct sentence! ( no. 6 – 8 )
        been/teaching/since/they/have/1970/chemistry

        A. They been have teaching chemistry since 1970.
        B. They have teaching been chemistry since 1970.
        C. They have been teaching chemistry since 1970.
        D. They have been chemistry teaching since 1970.
        E. They have been since 1970 teaching chemistry.

    7. Waiting/the bus/Susan/been/for/how long/has/?

        A. How long has Susan waiting for been the bus?
        B. How long has Susan for been waiting the bus?
        C. How long has Susan waiting the bus for been?
        D. How long has Susan been waiting for the bus?
        E. How long has been Susan waiting for the bus?

    8. been / the poem / has / who / writing / ? / since / morning / this

        A. Who has writing been the poem since this morning?
        B. Who has writing the poem been since this morning?
        C. Who has been writing the poem since this morning?
        D. Who has been writing the poem this morning since?
        E. Who has been writing this morning since the poem?

    9. … have you been waiting for me? (2 hours)
        A. Where       B. What      C. How long       D. Who       E. How

    10. … has she been watching? ( TV )
           A. What    B. Who       C. Where            D. When     E. How

    11. We have been … here for three months.
           A. to live    B. live        C. lived               D. lives        E. living

    12. They … working here for six months. They like it.
           A. have been     B. been      C. has       D. was      E. has been

    13. He has … English for three years.
           A. been studying    B. studies   C. study   D. studying   E. has been studying

    14. … has been snowing.
           A. I         B. You      C. We       D. They       E. It

    15. The negative form of “Andrie and Riky have been playing football for their country”.
           A. Andrie and Riky have been not playing football for their country.
           B. Andrie and Riky not have been playing football for their country.
           C. They have been playing not football for their country.
           D. They not have been playing football for their country.
           E. Andrie and Riky have not been playing for their country.

II. In this exercise you have to read the situation and then write a sentence
    with the present perfect continuous (I have been doing). (Dalam latihan
    ini Anda harus membaca situasinya, kemudian tulis kalimat dengan the
    present continuous (I have been doing).

    Example: Tom is out of breath. ( he / run)
                   He has been running.

    1. Ann is very tired. ( she / work / hard )
        …………………………………………..

    2. Bob has a black eye and Bill has a cut lip. ( Bob and Bill / fight )
        …………………………………………..

    3. George has just come back from the beach. He is very red. ( he / lie / in the sun )
        …………………………………………..

    4. Janet is hot and tired. ( she / play / tennis )
        …………………………………………..

    5. Aga is sleeping. (he / watch / Naruto cartoon film)
        …………………………………………..

III. In this exercise you have to put in since atau for. (Dalam latihan ini
     Anda harus memasukkan since atau for.)

    1. Tom and I have been talking …………… an hour.
    2. It’s been raining …………… I got up this morning.
    3. Have you been learning English …………… a long time?
    4. Mary has been working in London …………… 18 January.
    5. I’ve been watching television …………… 2 o’clock.

IV. This time you have to ask a guestion for each situation. (Sekarang
     Anda harus membuat pertanyaan dari setiap pernyataan.)

    Example: Your friend’s hands are covered in oil. (you / work / on the car?)
                      Have you been working on the car?

        1. You see a little boy. His eyes are red and watery. (you / cry?)
            ………………………………………….

        2. You have just arrived to meet your friend who is waiting for you. (you / wait / long?)
            ………………………………………….

        3. Your friend comes in. His face and hands are dirty. (what / you / do?)
            ………………………………………….

        4. Mrs. Mashud is in the kitchen. She is cutting cabbage and cauliflower. (she / cook /
            dinner?)
            ………………………………………….

        5. The Koran is in Dea’s hands. Her father is sitting with the legs crossed next to her.
            (she / read / the Koran?)
            ………………………………………….

This is the end of The Present Perfect Continuous Tense tutorial. Good luck.

Referensi:
1. Thomson, A.J., & Martinet, A.V., A Practical English Grammar, Oxford University Press,
    third edition, Oxford, 1990
2. Murphy, Raymond, English Grammar In Use, Cambridge University Press, six printing, New
    York, 1988
3. Hornby, AS, Guide To Patterns And Usage In English, second edition, Oxford, 1975
4. Wishon, E., George, & Burks, M., Julia, Let’s Write English, American Book Company,
    revised edition, New York, 1988
5. English Alfa Books 1, 2, 3 and 4, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1980
6. Allen, W. Stannard, Living English Structure – A Practice Book For Foregin Students,
    P.T. Dian Rakyat – Longmans, second Dian Rakjat Impression, Djakarta, 1970
7. Dixson, Robeert J., Graded Exercises In English, Regents Publishing Company Inc., a new
    revised edition, USA., 1971
8. Taylor, Grant, Mastering American English, McGraw – Hill Book Company, Inc., New York,
    1956
9. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Inggris-Indonesia, PT. Gramedia Jakarta, Jakarta,
      2000
10. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Indonesia-Inggris Cetakan XXIV, PT. Gramedia
      Jakarta, Jakarta, 1990
11. Saefudin, A., Bunga Rampai EBTANAS Bahasa Inggris SMA, PT.Intan Pariwara, edisi
      kedua, Klaten, 1988
12. Simanjuntak, Herpinus, Bahasa Inggris Sistem 52 M Jilid 1, Kesaint Blanc, Jakarta, 1989
13. Sudrajat, M.T., & Besari, Ismail, Pembahasan Metoda 2000 Soal Bahasa Inggris,
      Penerbit M2S, Bandung, 1985
14. Wardiman, Artono, Drs., Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris SMA I, II, III, Ganeca Exact, Bandung,
      1988
15. http://www.englishclub.com/reading/proverbs-meaning.htm
16. http://www.tolearnenglish.com
17. http://www.iei.uiuc.edu/structure/Structure1/fieldadjs.html
18. http://www.englishbaby.com
19. http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar
20. http://www.esl-library.com
21. www.english-portal.net

Tentang Penulis

Banyak selebaran, flash card, ringkasan, buku kecil maupun buku-buku lainnya yang memuat tatabahasa Bahasa Inggris yang menjelaskan tenses sebatas pada uraian singkat, bahkan mungkin tanpa penjelasan apalagi fungsi-fungsi, contoh-contoh dan evaluasinya. Oleh karena itu, tak pelak lagi tulisan Living English Tenses ini merupakan salah satu sumber referensi lengkap bagi mereka yang ingin menguasai dan memperdalam keenam belas tenses Bahasa Inggris. Penulis yang berlatar belakang dari SMA Negeri 1 Depok (1988) Jurusan Bahasa dan Budaya (A4) dan IKIP Bandung (sekarang UPI Bandung) Jurusan Bahasa Inggris (1991) menuangkan materi-materinya berdasarkan pengalaman-pengalaman menelaah dan belajar-mengajar sebagai praktisi Bahasa Inggris di beberapa sekolah baik SLTP, SLTA atau perguruan tinggi maupun lembaga-lembaga informal kebahasaan.

Sementara pengalaman yang pernah dipetiknya sewaktu di Lembaga Pendidikan Yayasan “Setia Negara” yaitu Lokakarya Pemantapan Kurikulum 1994 Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (14-15 Januari 1995), Pusdiklat LPIA, Zero Defect Quality (9-12 Juni 2003) merupakan hal yang sangat membantu alur penulisan naskah yang mudah dipahami bagi pembacanya. Contoh-contoh kalimat yang diberikan juga cukup praktis yang merupakan petikan pengalaman karya komunikatif semasa masih sebagai Visa Section Staff, Embassy of Japan at Jakarta (1994-1995), Personnel & General Affairs Staff, Nissho Iwai Corporation in Jakarta Office (1995-2000), SMK Izzata, Wakasek Kesiswaan & Kurikulum, School Administration and Management, (2004-2007), dan Student Apprentice CoordinatorPractical English Course, English Instructor and Branch Manager/Vice Head of Depok Division (2005-2006).

The Present Perfect Tense by D.A. Satriadi

2010-12-24T14:23:00.005+07:00

Aga Collection

Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging, Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos ('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)

Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, Kode Pos 16437,

HP.: 081281821603, E-mail:

Produk-produk berkualitas kami terdiri dari berbagai macam kualitas sesuai pesanan Anda.

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

by D. A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

3. The Present Perfect Tense

          The Present Perfect Tense secara umum dapat Anda gunakan bila Anda telah rampung melakukan sesuatu sehingga terdapat hasil dari kegiatan tadi. Begitu juga bila Anda ingin mengungkapkan peristwa yang telah sempurna terjadi dan terasa hasil dan akibatnya. Dalam tenses ini terdapat kata keterangan already (= sesuatu terjadi lebih cepat dari dugaan semula), just (= baru saja), yet / already (= sudah), since (= sejak / semenjak), for (= selama) yang acapkali terdapat kalimat ini.

Kata bantu have digunakan untuk subyek: I, you, we, they atau bersubyek kata benda jamak. Sedangkan has untuk subyek: he, she, it atau bersubyek kata benda tunggal.

Bentuk contracted (= penyingkatan ) I have = I’ve, you have = you’ve, we have = we’ve, they have = they’ve, he has = he’s, she has = she’s, it has = it’s atau have not = haven’t, has not = hasn’t sering kita temukan di dalam kalimat.

Pola Kalimat:

(+) S + have/has + V3 + O/Adv.
(-) S + have/has + not +V3 + O/Adv.
(?) Have/ Has + S + V3 + O/Adv.

Fungsi dan Contoh:

i. The Present Perfect Tense untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang telah / belum
sempurna dilakukan pada saat diucapkan, tanpa menyebutkan waktu
kejadiannya.

She has cleaned has floor.
I’ve heard John married to Jane.
You haven’t done your homework yet.
Have we met her before?
MR. LEWIS: Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. Marcos is going to answer your He always has a lot of interesting information for sports writers.

          MR. ERIE: Mr. Marcos, you have played soccer in many countries, but have
                             you ever played in Iceland?
        MR. MARCOS: I’ve been there several times, but I’ve never played soccer
                                     there.
          MS. JONES: Have you ever thought of starting a new soccer club?
          MR. MARCOS: No, I haven’t. I’ve never wanted to do that.
          MS. HANNA: You’ve been to many countries with your team. Have you ever
                                  been to China?
          MR. MARCOS: Yes, I have. I went there last year.
        MS. HANNA: Did you enjoy it?
          MR. MARCOS: Yes, I did. I enjoyed it very much.
          MR. AHMAD: Have you ever heard of our community’s new soccer club?
                                  You my find some good players there.
          MR. MARCOS: Yes, I have. In fact, I watched them practice last week.
          MR. AHMAD: Have they found a new coach?
          MR. MARCOS: Yes, they have. He’s a good coach, too. I’ve know him for
                                      many years.
          MR. RICARDS: Have you ever broken an arm or leg in competition?
          MR. MARCOS: No, I never have. However, I’ve had a few other injuries.
          MS. MIKUYU: Mr. Marcos, you’ve been a member of the national soccer
                                   team for many years. Have you ever wanted to try a new job?
          MR. MARCOS: No, I haven’t because I’ve always really enjoyed my work.

ii. memberikan informasi baru atau mengumumkan peristiwa yang
    baru saja terjadi.

I’ve lost my key. Can you help my look for it.
Do you know about Jim? He’s gone to Canada.
Ouch! I’ve burnt my self. They have made up their mind to stay here much longer.
LUIS: Have you seen Yuri this week, Charlie?

          CHARLIE: No, I haven’t. He hasn’t come to any…
          LUIS: What’s wrong? Has he been sick?
          CHARLIE: Yes, he’s had the flu.
          LUIS: Has he gone to the doctor?
          CHARLIE: No, he hasn’t gone to the doctor, and he hasn’t taken any
                             medicine. He’s getting better, I think.
          LUIS: Well, I’m glad. We really need him for the team. He’s already broken
                     two records in competition this year! He’s really a fast swimmer.

iii. menyatakan perbuatan yang belum atau belum pernah dilakukan
     selama sesuatu periode atau hingga sekarang.

I have never smoked.
I haven’t smoked for three years.
I haven’t smoked since September.
He hasn’t been here for two years.
Jill hasn’t written to me for nearly a month.
Jill has never driven a car.
Riri has never heard that music.

iv. menyatakan sesuatu hasil kegiatan atau pengalaman di masa lampau.

I’ve ever left a restaurant without paying the bill.
Have you ever ridden a camel?
Have you (ever) read ‘David Copperfield‘?
Have you ever lost a new hat?
Has Nurhayati ever gone to school late?
Has your partner ever made mistake?

EXERCISES

I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it. (Pililah
   A, B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan memberi tanda
   silang.)

   1. They (are) in the classroom since three hours ago.
        A. They are in the classroom since three hours ago.
        B. They were in the classroom since three hours ago.
        C. They has been in the classroom since three ago.
        D. They have been in the classroom since three hours ago.
        E. They had been in the classroom since three hours ago.

    2. Tom has had lunch since three minutes ago.
        A. Who has had lunch since three minutes ago?
        B. When has he had lunch?
        C. Where has he had lunch since three minutes ago?
        D. What has he had since three minutes ago?
        E. How has he had lunch since three minutes ago?

    3. How long … Thomas?
        A. you know                         C. have you know              E. have you knew
        B. has you know                    D. you known

    4. She … already put her magazine in the drawer?
        A. is                 B. was            C. will              D. can             E. has

    5. They … just told me about study tour.
        A. have              B. are              C. were             D. may          E. would

    6. Where have you …?
        A. were               B. go              C. been            D. be             E. are

    7. We have worked here … 1979.
        A. ever              B. since      C. for                D. ago           E. in

    8. I have been in my office … twenty minutes.
        A. before          B. always        C. since        D. for        E. ever

    9. I have known these people … a long time.
        A. before               B. since                 C. for                 D. ever           E. at

    10. Carlos hasn’t gone to the restaurant…
            A. just                  B. yet             C. almost           D. never         E. already

    11. Where’s Linda? She’s…to the restauarant.
           A. gone         B. went        C. be        D. been       E. have lived

    12. The johns…to Australia already.
           A. has gone   B. have worked   C. has lived   D. have gone   E. have lived

    13. Manager…the tax already.
        A. has pay   B. have paid C. has celebrated D. have done   E. has paid

    14. My family…just…to other city.
        A. has-moved      B. have-talked     C. has-lived    D. has-tried    E. has-known

    15. Has she seen music show?
        A. Yes, she has.                     C. No, she has.                    E. Yes, he has.
        B. Yes, she hasn’t.                 D. No, she doesn’t.

    16. Have you played volley ball around the beach? No, ……..
        A. I haven’t played it there.   C. I didn’t play it there.    E. You haven’t played
          B. I have played it there.       D. I played it there.               it there.

    17. …Gerry already…coffe in the cafeteria?
        A. Has-drunk    B. Drunk-has    C. Have-drunk    D. Has-drank   E. Has-drinked

    18. My sister has already worked for this company….twenty years.
        A. on                B. in                 C. for                 D. at            E. since

    19. He in the worst student she…ever… .
        A. has-have      B. have-had    C. has-had    D. is-had    E. was-have

    20. Who has already written a poem?
           A. John is    B. John has    C. John does    D. John did    E. John was

II. You are writing a letter to a friend and giving news about people you
    both know. Use the words given to make sentences and put
    the verb into the correct form. (Anda sedang menulis surat untuk
    seorang teman dan memberikan kabar orang-orang yang Anda
    berdua kenal. Gunakan kata-kata yang diberikan dan masukkan
    bentuk kata kerja yang tepat.)

    Example:
    Phil/find a new job
    Phil has found a new job.

    1. Charles/go/Brazil
        …………………………………………..

    2. Jack and Jill/decide/to get married
        …………………………………………..

    3. Suzanne/have/a baby
        …………………………………………..

    4. Monica/give up/smoking
        …………………………………………..

    5. George/pass/his driving test
        …………………………………………..


III. Use the correct form of the verb. (Gunakan bentuk kata kerja yang tepat.)

    1. I’ve …….. (take) the bus to school every day this week.
    2. Have you……. (have) the flu yet?
    3. Luis has…….. (do) his homework.
    4. She has……. (be) sick, but she hasn’t taken any medicine.
    5. Luis has just……. (break) a record.

IV. Complete the sentences. Use for or since. (Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat.
      Gunakan for atau since.)

     1. I’ve lived in this town………March.
     2. My friends have lived here……….many years.
     3. The exhibition has been open…..…nine o’clock.
     4. Paul hasn’t called me….…….last week.
     5. The students have studied Spanish…………two years.


V. Make the following sentences according to the given mark! (Buat
     kalimat-kalimat berikut ini sesuai dengan tanda yang diberikan.)

    Example:
               Tom has called me several times. (-)
               Tom hasn’t called me several times.

    1. All the students have discussed the problem. (?)
        ………………………………………………………
    2. My brother has just paid the radio tax. (-)
        ………………………………………………………
    3. Everyone has heard the news before. (?)

    4. He has withdrawn his money from the bank . (-)
        ………………………………………………………
    5. We have seen her standing under the tree.
        ………………………………………………………
    6. The old man has just stopped smoking. (?)
        ………………………………………………………
    7. They have taken part in the game. (-)
        ………………………………………………………
    8. The breeder has just fed his cattle. (?)
        ………………………………………………………
    9. The woman has lived in this city since 1977. (?)
        ………………………………………………………
    10. Mrs. Hasan has been here for ten years. (-)
        ………………………………………………………

This is the end of The Present Perfect Tense tutorial. Good luck.

Referensi:
1. Thomson, A.J., & Martinet, A.V., A Practical English Grammar, Oxford University Press,
    third edition, Oxford, 1990
2. Murphy, Raymond, English Grammar In Use, Cambridge University Press, six printing, New
    York, 1988
3. Hornby, AS, Guide To Patterns And Usage In English, second edition, Oxford, 1975
4. Wishon, E., George, & Burks, M., Julia, Let’s Write English, American Book Company,
    revised edition, New York, 1988
5. English Alfa Books 1, 2, 3 and 4, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1980
6. Allen, W. Stannard, Living English Structure – A Practice Book For Foregin Students,
    P.T. Dian Rakyat – Longmans, second Dian Rakjat Impression, Djakarta, 1970
7. Dixson, Robeert J., Graded Exercises In English, Regents Publishing Company Inc., a new
    revised edition, USA., 1971
8. Taylor, Grant, Mastering American English, McGraw – Hill Book Company, Inc., New York,
    1956
9. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Inggris-Indonesia, PT. Gramedia Jakarta, Jakarta,
      2000
10. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Indonesia-Inggris Cetakan XXIV, PT. Gramedia
      Jakarta, Jakarta, 1990
11. Saefudin, A., Bunga Rampai EBTANAS Bahasa Inggris SMA, PT.Intan Pariwara, edisi
      kedua, Klaten, 1988
12. Simanjuntak, Herpinus, Bahasa Inggris Sistem 52 M Jilid 1, Kesaint Blanc, Jakarta, 1989
13. Sudrajat, M.T., & Besari, Ismail, Pembahasan Metoda 2000 Soal Bahasa Inggris,
      Penerbit M2S, Bandung, 1985
14. Wardiman, Artono, Drs., Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris SMA I, II, III, Ganeca Exact, Bandung,
      1988
15. http://www.englishclub.com/reading/proverbs-meaning.htm
16. http://www.tolearnenglish.com
17. http://www.iei.uiuc.edu/structure/Structure1/fieldadjs.html
18. http://www.englishbaby.com
19. http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar
20. http://www.esl-library.com
21. www.english-portal.net

Tentang Penulis

Sementara pengalaman yang pernah dipetiknya sewaktu di Lembaga Pendidikan Yayasan “Setia Negara” yaitu Lokakarya Pemantapan Kurikulum 1994 Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (14-15 Januari 1995), Pusdiklat LPIA, Zero Defect Quality (9-12 Juni 2003) merupakan hal yang sangat membantu alur penulisan naskah yang mudah dipahami bagi pembacanya. Contoh-contoh kalimat yang diberikan juga cukup praktis yang merupakan petikan pengalaman karya komunikatif semasa masih sebagai Visa Section Staff, Embassy of Japan at Jakarta (1994-1995), Personnel & General Affairs Staff, Nissho Iwai Corporation in Jakarta Office (1995-2000), SMK Izzata, Wakasek Kesiswaan & Kurikulum, School Administration and Management, (2004-2007), dan Student Apprentice CoordinatorPractical English Course, English Instructor and Branch Manager/Vice Head of Depok Division (2005-2006).

The Present Continuous Tense by D.A. Satriadi

2010-12-24T14:15:00.005+07:00

Aga Collection

Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging, Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos ('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)

Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, Kode Pos 16437,

HP.: 081281821603, E-mail:

Produk-produk berkualitas kami terdiri dari berbagai macam kualitas sesuai pesanan Anda.

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

2. The Present Continuous Tense

Kita sering mengungkapkan sesuatu yang sedang kita lakukan atau sesuatu itu sedang terjadi, baik ada hubungannya dengan kita ataupun tidak dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Keberlangsungan peristiwa atau kegiatan SEDANG itu kita nyatakan dalam tense ini. Bukan hanya itu, penggunaan tense tersebut dalam konteks lain pun disajikan di bawah ini.

Pola Kalimat:

(+) S + be (am/is/are) + V1 + ing + O/Adv.
(-) S + be + not + V1 + ing + O/Adv.
(?) Be + S +V1 + ing + O/Adv.

Fungsi dan Contoh:

i. The Present Continous Tense untuk mengungkapkan kegiatan atau
keadaan yang sedang berlangsung pada saat sekarang.

The doorbell is ringing.
It is raining now.
Why are you sitting at my desk?
I am not wearing a coat as it isn’t cold.
She is typing two letters now.
Betty is sick. She’s lying in bed. She is not sleeping. Helen is looking out the window.

        BETTY   : What are you looking at?
        HELEN : I’m looking at yourfather. He is cooking hamburgers in the yard.
          BETTY   : Is Peter in the yard, too?
          HELEN : Yes, he is. He’s playing with Alan.
        BETTY   : Can you see Elena?
          HELEN : No, I can’t. Oh, wait a minute! Yes, I can. She‘s standing behind the bush.
          BETTY   : What’s she doing?
        HELEN : She‘s laughing at the dog.
          BETTY   : What’s the dog doing?
          HELEN : He’s barking at Tom. Tom has the dog’s stick.
          BETTY   : Where’s Luis? Is he playing, too?
          HELEN : Oh, no. Lying under the tree. He’s reading!

ii. untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang sedang terjadi di sekitar waktu
    sekarang.

        Tom and Ann are talking and drinking in a café.

Tom say : ‘I’m reading an interesting book at the moment. I’II lend it to you when I’ve finished it.’
Silvia is learning English at the moment. The boy is painting the house at the moment.

iii. untuk membicarakan tentang keadaan yang berubah-ubah.

The population of the world is rising very fast.
Is your English getting better?
The stocks are falling down rapidly at the stock market.

iv. untuk menyatakan pengulangan suatu tindakan yang sama.

The economic situation is already very bad and it is becoming worse.
'You’re working hard today.’ ’Yes, I have a lot to do.’
I’m seeing my boss all these days.
John is always making trouble.

v. untuk menyatakan tindakan yang akan atau terpaksa dilakukan
( FUTURE meaning ).

They are leaving from Bali next week. She is going to have a difficult year.
A : Are you doing anything tomorrow afternoon?
B : Yes, I’m playing tennis with Ann.

The boy is calling her at eight tomorrow night.
A : Are you playing football tomorrow?

B : Yes, but Tom isn’t playing. He has hurt his leg.

A : Ann is coming tomorrow.

B : Oh, is she ? What time is she arriving?

A : At 10.15.

B : Are you meeting her at the station?

A : I can’t. I’m working tomorrow morning. Alex is getting married next month.

Are you ready to perform the test to see what you have got? Click down below.

HERE

EXERCISES

I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it.
   (Pililah A, B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan
   memberi tanda silang.)

1. She …. at a very luxurious hotel now.
    A. stays    B. is staying    C. stayed     D. has stayed     E. had stayed

2. … we going to the movies tonight?
    A. Are               B. Does           C. Do          D. Did        E. Is

3. “What are you doing here?” “I am … a magazine.”
    A. read         B. reads       C. reading          D. is reading        E. have read

4. The negative of “Rina is reading now“is …..
    A. Rina doesn’t reading now.         D. Rina wasn’t reading now.
    B. Rina reading not now.                 E. Rina aren’t reading now.
    C. Rina isn’t reading now.

5. Helen …… playing volley ball.
    A. are            B. can           C. isn’t            D. has            E. am

6. The girl …..
    A. can’t sleeping.    C. has sleeping.        E. is sleeps
    B. sleeping.              D. Isn’t sleeping

7. What ….. Linda and Tom doing?
    A. are       B. can        C. is        D. have       E. will

8. …. reading a book?
    A. Is she      B. He has        C. She         D. You       E. Does

9. X: ….?
    Y: We are studying English now.

    A. What do you do     C. What are we doing         E. Are you studying English
    B. What do we do      D. What are you studying

10. We are awake. We … sleeping.
       A. aren’t          B. isn’t          C. no           D. don’t          E. not

11. The machines … working today.
       A. don’t         B. no         C. is          D. aren’t         E. not are

12. They … swimming. They’re walking home.
       A. no          B. want         C. aren’t        D. don’t        E. isn’t

13. We are unhappy. We … smiling.
       A. don’t           B. aren’t        C. do         D. no          E. isn’t

14. The train … at 6:00.
       A. arrive       B. are arriving     C. is arriving     D. arriving     E. to arrive

15. Yukiko … shopping on Monday.
       A. is thinking       B. going      C. is going      D. go     E. think

16. They … lunch tomorrow.
       A. having         B. are having          C. eating         D. eats        E. needs

17. …. Betty reading a book
       A. Has          B. Am         C. Is          D. have        E. Are

18. Is she …?
    A. is sitting         B. sit      C. sitting       D. from      E. sits

19. ….. running?
    A. He is            B. Is          C. He         D. Is he         E. does he

20. Is ….. standing?
    A. they          B. he is         C. she is         D. I am        E. he

II. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form of the Present Continuous
    Tense. (Masukkan kata kerja di dalam kurung menjadi bentuk
    yang tepat dari Present Continuous Tense).

               Tom and his friends are busy this afternoon. Roland … (play) records in his room. Helen … (play) tennis with Alan. Tom and Linda … (take) pictures in the park. Betty is at the store. She … (buy) some new clothes. She wants to wear them today. Where are Mr. and Mrs. Cooper? They … (travel).

       …………………………………...…………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………..

III. Change the verbs underlined in the paragraph below into the
     Present Continuous Tense. (Rubah kata-kata kerja yang digaris
     bawah pada paragraf di bawah ini menjadi The Present Continuous).

               He eats his breakfast, opens his store, talks to and fixes watches in the morning. He eats his lunch and cleans a lot of watches in the afternoon. He closes his shop and goes home in the evening. What time does the clock say?

........……………………...………………………………………………………..…
........……………………...………………………………………………………..………………..
…………………………..……………………………………………………….…………………
……………………..……………………………………………………….....................................
………………………………………..……………………………………………………….……
…………………………………..……………………………………………………….................

This is the end of The Present Continuous Tense tutorial. Good luck.

Referensi:
1. Thomson, A.J., & Martinet, A.V., A Practical English Grammar, Oxford University Press,
    third edition, Oxford, 1990
2. Murphy, Raymond, English Grammar In Use, Cambridge University Press, six printing, New
    York, 1988
3. Hornby, AS, Guide To Patterns And Usage In English, second edition, Oxford, 1975
4. Wishon, E., George, & Burks, M., Julia, Let’s Write English, American Book Company,
    revised edition, New York, 1988
5. English Alfa Books 1, 2, 3 and 4, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1980
6. Allen, W. Stannard, Living English Structure – A Practice Book For Foregin Students,
    P.T. Dian Rakyat – Longmans, second Dian Rakjat Impression, Djakarta, 1970
7. Dixson, Robeert J., Graded Exercises In English, Regents Publishing Company Inc., a new
    revised edition, USA., 1971
8. Taylor, Grant, Mastering American English, McGraw – Hill Book Company, Inc., New York,
    1956
9. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Inggris-Indonesia, PT. Gramedia Jakarta, Jakarta,
      2000
10. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Indonesia-Inggris Cetakan XXIV, PT. Gramedia
      Jakarta, Jakarta, 1990
11. Saefudin, A., Bunga Rampai EBTANAS Bahasa Inggris SMA, PT.Intan Pariwara, edisi
      kedua, Klaten, 1988
12. Simanjuntak, Herpinus, Bahasa Inggris Sistem 52 M Jilid 1, Kesaint Blanc, Jakarta, 1989
13. Sudrajat, M.T., & Besari, Ismail, Pembahasan Metoda 2000 Soal Bahasa Inggris,
      Penerbit M2S, Bandung, 1985
14. Wardiman, Artono, Drs., Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris SMA I, II, III, Ganeca Exact, Bandung,
      1988
15. http://www.englishclub.com/reading/proverbs-meaning.htm
16. http://www.tolearnenglish.com
17. http://www.iei.uiuc.edu/structure/Structure1/fieldadjs.html
18. http://www.englishbaby.com
19. http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar
20. http://www.esl-library.com
21. www.english-portal.net

Tentang Penulis

Sementara pengalaman yang pernah dipetiknya sewaktu di Lembaga Pendidikan Yayasan “Setia Negara” yaitu Lokakarya Pemantapan Kurikulum 1994 Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (14-15 Januari 1995), Pusdiklat LPIA, Zero Defect Quality (9-12 Juni 2003) merupakan hal yang sangat membantu alur penulisan naskah yang mudah dipahami bagi pembacanya. Contoh-contoh kalimat yang diberikan juga cukup praktis yang merupakan petikan pengalaman karya komunikatif semasa masih sebagai Visa Section Staff, Embassy of Japan at Jakarta (1994-1995), Personnel & General Affairs Staff, Nissho Iwai Corporation in Jakarta Office (1995-2000), SMK Izzata, Wakasek Kesiswaan & Kurikulum, School Administration and Management, (2004-2007), dan Student Apprentice CoordinatorPractical English Course, English Instructor and Branch Manager/Vice Head of Depok Division (2005-2006).

16 TENSES: Introduction by D.A. Satriadi

2010-12-24T14:00:00.006+07:00

Aga Collection

Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging, Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos ('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)

Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, Kode Pos 16437,

HP.: 081281821603, E-mail:

Produk-produk berkualitas kami terdiri dari berbagai macam kualitas sesuai pesanan Anda.

LIVING ENGLISH TENSES
by D.A. Satriadi

Apa yang akan Anda jumpai pada tulisan ini?

Pendahuluan - untuk pelajar

Tulisan ini dapat membantu dalam menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan Anda, seperti:

Unsur-unsur apa sajakah yang terdapat di dalam suatu kalimat sederhana?
Bagaimana penerapan jenis-jenis kata di dalam pola kalimat sederhana?
Bagaimana pembuatan pola kalimat setiap tenses?
Kapankah kita dapat menggunakan The Simple Present Tense, The Simple Past Tense, The Simple Future Tense, The Past Future Tense, The Past Future Tense, dan seterusnya?
Kata kerja apa sajakah yang secara umum tidak dapat digunakan dalam bentuk Continuous?

Pertanyaan-pertanyaan lainnya dapat dijawab oleh tulisan ini.

Tingkat

Susunan Materi

Cara penggunaan tulisan ini

baca daftar isi yang memuat penjelasan berkenaan dengan pokok masalah Anda,
pelajari penjelasan dan conto-contoh secara seksama,
kerjakan latihan (jangan lupa membaca perintah soal untuk pemahaman terhadap apa yang sedang Anda kerjakan),
perikasa jawaban Anda dengan kunci jawaban,
bila jawaban Anda salah, kaji kembali penjelasan dan contoh-contohnya untuk mengetahui letak kesalahan tersebut.

Kata-kata yang digunakan di dalam contoh dan latihan disajikan sesederhana mungkin, walaupun demikian Anda mungkin menjumpai kata-kata ’sulit’, Anda bisa merujuk ke suatu kamus.

Pegangan Guru

Living English Tenses terutama sebagai tulisan untuk Anda yang ingin belajar sendiri, meskipun demikian akan juga berguna bagi seorang guru Bahasa Inggris.

Ucapan terima kasih

Akhirnya, the last but not the least, sejujurnya saya mengakui bahwa tulisan ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan.

Segala saran dan kritik membangun akan sangat diterima dan dihargai.

Depok, Oktober 2009

Penulis

berkirim e-mail, klik imaji di atas.

Some Parts Of A Sentence (Beberapa Bagian Sebuah Kalimat)

1. Subject ( Pokok Kalimat)

I	:	Kata ganti orang pertama tunggal
		My name is Evi. I am a girl.
You	:	Kata ganti orang kedua tunggal/jamak
		Your name is Brandon. You are a boy. (tunggal) Your names are Titi and Lani. You are students. (jamak)
We	:	Kata ganti orang pertama jamak
		Nur, Nisa, Lola and I are girls. We like English.
They	:	Kata ganti orang ketiga benda atau hewan jamak.
		Dodi and Dodo are here. They are studying English. The books are mine. They are all over the floor.
He	:	Kata ganti orang ketiga tunggal laki-laki
		Fajar has a book. He always reads it.
She	:	Kata ganti orang ketiga tunggal perempuan.
		Pipit will buy an English dictionary. She wants to learn English.
It	:	Kata ganti benda/hewan
		My cat is black. It is in the cage. This is a spoon. It is dirty.

2. Verb (kata kerja)

                        Infinitive: Kata kerja dasar
V                                     (dance, do)
                        To Infinitive: Kata kerja dasar dengan to
                                             (to dance, to do)

I often dance Kecak with my friends at the studio.
The students do their homework seriously.
Ika wanted to do the job at home last night.

                        V1            : dance/do
                        V1 (S)      : dances
                        V1 (es)    : does
V                     V2            : danced (regular verb/v.r)
                        V2            : did (irregular verb/v.i)
                        V3            : danced (v.r)
                        V3            : done (v.i)

Catatan:
Regular verb (Kata kerja beraturan)
Irregular verb (Kata kerja tak beraturan)

Contoh bentuk kata-kata kerja di atas di dalam kalimat dapat Anda simak pada penjelasan setiap tenses.

3. Object (obyek)
    Obyek kalimat dapat berasal dari kata-kata berikut, di antaranya adalah:

a. Personal pronoun: me, you, us, them, him, her, it.
    You hate me.
    Don’t blame us for what you have done.
    I have a car, take it if you want to.

b. Names of things: table, chair, chalk, soup, book, etc.
    Wiwik bought a table for her family two days ago.
    They didn’t have soup for dinner last night.

c. Names of persons: John, Jane, John and Jane, the Johns, etc.
    We need John to solve these problems.
    Can you pick the Johns up?

d. Names of animals: cat, buffalo, cow, cat and cow, etc.
    I have a cat and cow at home.

e. Names of tress: coconut tree, papaya tree, coconut and mango trees, etc.
    The farmers plant coconut trees to strengthen dikes in rice fields.

f. Names of places: Jakarta, Bandung, California, Indonesia, USA, Ciliwung,
   Mississippi, etc.
   Factory has polluted Ciliwung river.

4. Adverb (kata keterangan)

Di dalam Bahasa Inggris ada 8 jenis kata keterangan (adverb), yaitu: adverb of manner, adverb of place, adverb of certainty, adverb of degree, adverb of time, adverb of frequency, interrogative, dan relative. Di sini penulis membatasi pembahasan hanya pada adverb of time dan adverb of frequency.

          Adverb of time (kata keterangan waktu): every, today, now, at this moment, by now, yesterday, this, last, ago, since, for.

Every week we go to swim in the swimming pool.
People are reading this book now.
Did you realize what you did to me yesterday?

Adverb of Frequency (tingkat keseringan)
- berkonotasi positif: always, usually, often, sometimes
- berkonotasi negatif: never, hardly ever, rarely, seldom

    Students should always obey their parents.
    Mr. Awaludin often helps his colleagues, doesn’t he?
    I have never gone to America.
    You hardly ever say hello to him, do you?

The 8 English Parts of Speech (8 Jenis Kata Bahasa Inggris)

Inilah kata-kata yang Anda akan pergunakan untuk dirangkai menjadi sebuah kalimat. Hanya ada 8 jenis kata – dan kata yang sangat penting yaitu Kata kerja!

English Parts of Speech (Jenis Kata Bahasa Inggris)

Tip

Beberapa buku-buku tatabahasa mengkategori-kan Bahasa Ingris menjadi 9 atau 10 jenis kata. Di sini, kita menggunakan kategori tradisionil dari 8 jenis kata (perhatikan Tabel untuk lebih jelas-nya).

Ada ribuan kata pada bahasa apapun. Tapi, tidak semua kata memiliki tugas yang sama. Misalnya, beberapa kata mengungkapkan "tindakan". Kata-katayang lain menyatakan suatu "hal". Kata-kata lainnya "menghubungkan" satu kata dengan kata lain. Hal ini merupakan "balok-balok bangunan" dari bahasa. Bayangkan hal tersebut seperti bagian-bagian sebuah rumah. Ketika kita ingin membangun sebuah rumah, kita akan menggunakan beton untuk membuat pondasi atau landasan. Kita menggunakan batu-batu untuk membuat dinding-dinding. Kita menggunakan kusen-kusen untuk membuat jendela-jendela, dan kerangka-kerangka pintu untuk membuat jalan masuk. Dan kita menggunakan semen untuk menyatukannya bersama-sama. Setiap bagian memiliki tugasnya masing-masing. Dan ketika kita ingin membangun sebuah kalimat, kita akan menggunakan jenis-jenis kata yang berbeda. Setiap jenis kata memiliki tugasnya masing-masing. Kita dapat mengkategorikan kata-kata Bahasa Inggris ke dalam 8 kelompok atau jenis dasar. Kelompok-kelompok ini disebut "jenis-jenis kata". Mengenali jenis-jenis kata cukup penting. Hal ini membantu Anda menganalisa kalimat-kalimat dan memahaminya. Hal itu juga akan terasa membantu Anda membangun kalimat-kalimat yang baik. Di bawah ini Anda dapat menjumpai gambaran ikhtisar atas delapan jenis kata.

Parts of Speech Table (Tabel Jenis Kata)
Ini merupakan sebuah ringkasan 8 jenis kata.*.

jenis kata	fungsi atau "tugas"	contoh kata	contoh kalimat
Verb	tindakan atau keadaan	(to) be, have, do, like, work, sing, can, must	EnglishClub.com is a web site. I like EnglishClub.com.
Noun	benda atau orang	pen, dog, work, music, town, London, teacher, John	This is my dog. He lives in my house. We live in London.
Adjective	menggambarkan sebuah benda	a/an, the, 69, some, good, big, red, well, interesting	My dog is big. I like big dogs.
Adverb	menggambarkan sebuah kata kerja, kata sifat atau kata keterangan	quickly, silently, well, badly, very, really	My dog eats quickly. When he is very hungry, he eats really quickly.
Pronoun	menggantikan sebuah kata benda	I, you, he, she, some	Tara is Indian. She is beautiful.
Preposition	menghubungkan sebuah kata benda kepada kata lain	to, at, after, on, but	We went to school on Monday.
Conjunction	menghubungkan klausa-klausa, kalimat-kalimat atau kata-kata	and, but, when	I like dogs and I like cats. I like cats and dogs. I like dogs but I don't like cats.
Interjection	kata seru singkat, kadang-kadang yang disisipkan ke dalam sebuah kalimat	oh!, ouch!, hi!, well	Ouch! That hurts! Hi! How are you? Well, I don't know.

* Beberapa sumber tatabahasa mengkategorikan Bahasa Inggris menjadi 9

atau 10 bagian jenis kata. Di sini, kita menggunakan kategori tradisionil dari

8 parts of speech. Contoh-contoh kategori lainnya adalah:
    •    Kata kerja dapat dikelompokkan menjadi dua jenis kata yang berbeda:
            o    Lexical Verbs (Kata kerja): work, like, run, dan sebagainya.
            o    Auxiliary Verbs (Kata bantu kata kerja): be, have, must, dan sebagainya.
    •    Determiners (= salah satu kelompok kata benda terbatas yang menentukan

sifat suatu frase kata benda yang dirujuknya) dapat dikelompokkan sebagai

sebuah jenis kata yang terpisah, daripada masuk kategori di dalam kata sifat.

Parts of Speech Examples (Contoh-contoh Jenis Kata)
Beberapa kalimat berikut yang tersusun atas jenis-jenis kata yang berbeda:

verb

Stop!

noun	verb
John	works.

noun	verb	verb
John	is	working

pronoun	verb	noun
She	loves	animals.

noun	verb	adjective	noun
Animals	like	kind	people.

noun	verb	noun	adverb
Tara	speaks	English	well.

noun	verb	adjective	noun
Tara	speaks	good	English.

pronoun	verb	preposition	adjective	noun	adverb
She	ran	to	the	station	quickly.

pron.	verb	adj.	noun	conjunction	pron.	verb	pron.
She	likes	big	snakes	but	I	hate	them.

Kalimat di bawah ini mengandung setiap jenis kata:

interjection	pron.	conj.	adj.	noun	verb	prep.	noun	adverb
Well,	she	and	young	John	walk	to	school	slowly.

Words with More than One Job (Kata dengan Lebih dari Satu Tugas)

Banyak kata dalam Bahasa Inggris dapat memiliki lebih dari satu tugas, atau menjadi lebih dari satu jenis kata. Misalnya, "work" bisa menjadi sebuah kata kerja dan sebuah kata benda; "but" bisa menjadi sebuah kata penghubung (konjugasi) dan sebuah kata depan (preposisi); "well" bisa menjadi sebuah kata sifat, sebuah kata keterangan dan sebuah kata seru (interjeksi). Sebagai tambahan, banyak kata benda bisa bertindak sebagai kata sifat.

Untuk menganalisa jenis kata, tanyakan kepada diri Anda sendiri: "Apakah tugas dan fungsi kata ini dalam kalimat tersebut?"

Pada tabel di bawah ini, Anda bisa menjumpai beberapa contoh. Tentu saja, ada lebih banyak kata lagi bahkan untuk beberapa kata di dalam tabel ini. Pada kenyataannya, jika Anda melihat artinya pada sebuah kamus yang baik Anda akan menjumpai kata tersebut memiliki enam tugas yang berfungsi sebagai:

•    verb (kata kerja), noun (kata benda), adverb (kata keterangan), pronoun
      (Kata ganti orang / benda), preposition (kata depan) dan conjunction
      (kata penghubung).

word (kata)	part of speech (jenis kata)	Example (contoh)
work	noun (N)	My work is easy.
work	verb (V)	I work in London.
but	conjunction (Conj)	John came but Mary didn't come.
but	preposition (Prep)	Everyone came but Mary.
well	adjective (Adj)	Are you well?
	adverb (Adv)	She speaks well.
	interjection (Interj)	Well! That's expensive!
afternoon	noun (N)	We ate in the afternoon.
afternoon	noun acting as adjective (kata benda bertindak sebagai kata sifat)	We had afternoon tea.

Catatan:

noun (kata benda), verb (kata kerja), conjunction (kata penghubung), preposition (kata depan), adjective (kata sifat), adverb (kata keterangan), interjection (kata seru), noun (kata benda), noun acting as adjective (kata benda bertindak sebagai kata sifat).

8 (Eight) Simple Sentence Patterns (8 Pola Kalimat Sederhana)

1. S + V
    I study. (Saya belajar.)
    The moon rose. (Bulan bersinar.)
    The car won’t start. (Mobil itu tidak akan hidup.)

2. V
    Study ! (Belajarlah!)
    Go. (Pergi.)

3. V + O
    Study English. (Belajar Bahasa Inggris.)
    Look at me! (Lihat diriku!)
    Help the needy. (Bantu orang yang membutuhkan pertolongan.)

4. S + V + O
    I study English. (Saya belajar Bahasa Inggris.)
    She needed me. (Ia membutuhkan saya.)
    He nodded (his) approval. (Ia mengangguk setuju.)

5. S + v + Adv. of time
    I study every day. (Saya belajar setiap hari.)
    We get up every morning. (Kami/kita bangun tidur tiap hari.)
    The boy slept last night. (Anak laki-laki itu tidur kemarin malam.)

6. S + Adv . of frequency + V + O
    I always study English. (Saya selalu belajar Bahasa Inggris.)
    You’ll never leave me. (Kau tak akan pernah meninggalkan diriku.)
    He sometimes misses you. (Ia terkadang merindukanmu.)

7. S + V + O + Adv. of time
    I study English every week. (Saya Belajar Bahasa Inggis tiap minggu.)
    We all had a good time in 1988. (Kita mengalami masa indah di tahun 1988.)
    They aren’t making a joke now. (Mereka tidak sedang bercanda sekarang.)
    Will you please call me later? (Sudikah Anda meneleponku nanti?)

8. S + Adv. of frequency + V + O + Adv. of time
    I always study English every day. (Saya selalu belajar Bahasa Inggris setiap hari.)
    Dea often helps her parents every Sunday and Friday. (Dea sering membantu
         orang tuanya tiap hari Minggu dan Jumat.)
    He usually doesn’t want it afterwards.
          (Ia biasanya tidak menginginkannya setelah itu.)

16 (Sixteen) Tenses of the Verb

Di dalam tulisan ini terdapat dua puluh satu materi pembahasan, enam belas di antaranya mengenai tenses. Dalam setiap pelajaran kami melihat dua aspek dari tersebut:

Struktur: Bagaimanakah kita membuat itu?
Penggunaan: Kapan dan mengapa kita menggunakan tenses tersebut?

Beberapa pelajaran melihat pada aspek-aspek tambahan, dan pemabahasannya diselesaikan dengan evaluasi berupa latihan-latihan untuk memeriksa pemahaman Anda.

Tata Bahasa Inggris memiliki 16 (enam belas) bentuk tenses, yaitu:

1. The Simple Present Tense

2. The Present Continuous Tense
3. The Present Perfect Tense
4. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
5. The Simple Past Tense
6. The Past Continuous Tense
7. The Past Perfect Tense
8. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
9. The Simple Future Tense
10. The Future Continuous Tense
11. The Future Perfect Tense
12. The Future Perfect Continuous Tense
13. The Past Future Tense
14. The Past Future Continuous Tense
15. The Past Future Perfect Tense
16. The Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense.

Keenam belas bentuk tenses tersebut di atas memiliki keunikan fungsi masing-masing.

Berbeda dengan Bahasa Inggris, Bahasa Indonesia tidak mengenal tenses. Jadi, wajarlah banyak tulisan-tulisan Tata Bahasa Inggris yang menerangkan secara berbeda terjemahan arti kata dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Dalam hal ini, penulis lebih setuju dengan arti tenses sebagai penanda atau pembatas suatu gerakan / aktifitas yang dilaksanakan atau terlaksanakan di waktu lampau, sekarang atau di masa depan.

This is the end of the Introduction. Good luck.

Referensi:
1. Thomson, A.J., & Martinet, A.V., A Practical English Grammar, Oxford University Press,

    third edition, Oxford, 1990
2. Murphy, Raymond, English Grammar In Use, Cambridge University Press, six printing,
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3. Hornby, AS, Guide To Patterns And Usage In English, second edition, Oxford, 1975
4. Wishon, E., George, & Burks, M., Julia, Let’s Write English, American Book Company,
    revised edition, New York, 1988
5. English Alfa Books 1, 2, 3 and 4, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1980
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      Klaten, 1988
12. Simanjuntak, Herpinus, Bahasa Inggris Sistem 52 M Jilid 1, Kesaint Blanc, Jakarta, 1989
13. Sudrajat, M.T., & Besari, Ismail, Pembahasan Metoda 2000 Soal Bahasa Inggris,
      Penerbit M2S, Bandung, 1985
14. Wardiman, Artono, Drs., Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris SMA I, II, III, Ganeca Exact,
      Bandung, 1988
15. http://www.englishclub.com/reading/proverbs-meaning.htm
16. http://www.tolearnenglish.com
17. http://www.iei.uiuc.edu/structure/Structure1/fieldadjs.html
18. http://www.englishbaby.com
19. http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar
20. http://www.esl-library.com
21. www.english-portal.net

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