agriculture exam preparation

2024-12-26T00:39:00.002+05:30

Age Calculator Tool

Age Calculator

Enter your birthdate:

2024-11-10T16:52:00.001+05:30

Plagiarism Checker Tool

Checking...

Image resizer

2024-11-10T16:15:00.002+05:30

Image Resizer Tool

VACANCY VIEW

2022-09-30T23:16:00.008+05:30

VACANCY

NSCL Various Vacancy Recruitment 2023 – Apply Online for 89 Vacancy

recruitment2022 https://youtu.be/1Gw0ZuZmJbA

RPSC REVENUE OFFICER OR EXECUTIVE OFFICER SYLLABUS https://youtu.be/4l84IPH6bLM

SSC CGL EXAM PATTERN https://youtu.be/1YrLMztkBb4

RPSC FOOD SAFETY OFFICER VACANCY https://youtu.be/IgzuUQk8hLo

SBI CBO VACANCY https://sbi.co.in/web/careers

CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA SO VACANCY https://youtu.be/ftBHaXYLE8M

AGRICULTURE TERMS

2022-09-30T23:08:00.003+05:30

https://youtu.be/biW11G3U1K4 MOST IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL TERMS FOR EXAMS

KUSUM Scheme ( कुसुम योजना )

2021-04-03T19:02:00.004+05:30

KUSUM - Kisan Urja Surksha evam Utthan Mahabhiyan

Farmer oriented solar power scheme ( किसान आधारित सोलर उर्जा योजना है )

Launch date- july 2019

Launched by - ministry of new and renewable energy (MNRE)

Target - old - 25750 MW up to 2022 from 27.5 lakh pump installation

new - 30.8 GW 2022 from 35 lakh pump installation

Budget - 34422 cr

Subsidy - 30% central govt / 30% state govt / 30% bank

Main point -

Setting up 10000MW of decentralised ground/ silt mounted grid connected solar or other renewable energy based power plants (विकेन्द्रीकृत जमीन / गाद सवार ग्रिड से जुड़े 10000MW सौर या अन्य नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा आधारित बिजली संयंत्रों की स्थापना)

installation of 17.5 lakh (new target - 20 lakh) off grid stand alone solar ag pumps (17.5 लाख की स्थापना (नया लक्ष्य - 20 लाख) अकेले ऑफ-ग्रिड सौर कृषि पंपों की स्थापना)

solarisation of 10 lakh ( new target - 15 lakh ) grid connected ag pumps 7.5 hp( 10 लाख का सोलराइजेशन (नया लक्ष्य - 15 लाख) ग्रिड से जुड़ा कृषि पंप 7.5 hp)

National policy on Bio-fuels ( जैव ईंधन पर राष्ट्रीय नीति )

2021-03-31T16:55:00.001+05:30

National policy on Bio-fuels ( जैव ईंधन पर राष्ट्रीय नीति )- 2018

biofuels are liquid or gaseous fuels produce from biomass resources and other in place of or in addition to diesal or other fossiles fuel for transport , stationary, portable and other application

जैव ईंधन तरल या गैसीय ईंधन हैं जो बायोमास संसाधनों और अन्य के स्थान पर या परिवहन, स्थिर, पोर्टेबल और अन्य अनुप्रयोग के लिए ईंधन या अन्य जीवाश्म ईंधन के अलावा अन्य से उत्पन्न होते हैं।

1. Bio-ethanol - produce from - sugarcane, Sugarbeet, sweet sorghum, and starch containing material ( corn, cassava, Damaged food grain )

( उत्पादन - गन्ना, चुकंदर, मीठा शर्बत, और स्टार्च युक्त सामग्री (मकई, कसावा, अनाज के टूटे हुऐ दाने )

2. Bio- diesal - a methyl or ethyl ester of fatty acid derive from cooking oil, animal fat , vegetable oil.

(वसा अम्ल का एक मिथाइल या एथिल एस्टर जो खाना पकाने के तेल, पशु वसा, वनस्पति तेल से प्राप्त होता है।)

Bio-fuels 1st Generation(1G) - Bio-ethanol and Bio-diesal and advance

2nd Generation (2G)- ethanol, muncipal solid waste to drop in fuels

3rd Generation (3G)-Bio-fuels and CNG

3. Advance biofules- 2G ethanol, drop in fuels, algae based 3G biofuel, Bio-CNG,Bioethanol,dimethyl ester derived from bio methyl, Bio hydeogen, drop in fuel produce from muncipal solid waste(MSW)

(2G इथेनॉल, ईंधन में गिरावट, शैवाल आधारित 3 जी जैव ईंधन, बायो-सीएनजी, बायोएथेनॉल, बायो मिथाइल से प्राप्त डाइमेथाइल एस्टर, जैव हाइड्रोजेन, मुनिस्पाल ठोस अपशिष्ट (MSW)

4. Drop in fuels - Derived from Biomass, agriresidues , msw , plastic wastes, industrial wastes.

(बायोमास, कृषि अवशेष, MSW, प्लास्टिक कचरे, औद्योगिक कचरे से व्युत्पन्न।)

5. Bio-CNG - These fuels are purified form of biogass produced from agriculture residues , animal dung, food waste, MSW and sewage waste but their composition and energy potential is comarable to fossil based natural gas.

(ये ईंधन कृषि अवशेषों, पशुओं के गोबर, खाद्य अपशिष्ट, MSW और सीवेज कचरे से उत्पादित बायोगैस के शुद्ध रूप हैं लेकिन उनकी संरचना और ऊर्जा क्षमता जीवाश्म आधारित प्राकृतिक गैस के लिए अनुकूल है)

Target -

Achieving 20% blending of biofuel with fossil based fuel by 2030

2030 तक जीवाश्म आधारित ईंधन के साथ जैव ईंधन का 20% सम्मिश्रण प्राप्त करना

Q.1 what is raw material for biofuel जैव ईंधन के लिए कच्चा माल क्या है ? ( UPSC 2020 )

Ans. Raw material - Sugar beet , Sugarcane, Sweet sorghum, other starch containing material ( corn cassava, damaged food grain like rice, wheat, and rotten potatoes

Q.2 Viability gap funding Scheme -

Ans. Viability gap funding scheme for 2G ethanol bio refineries of rs 5000 cr in 6 year.

6 साल में 5000 करोड़ रुपये की 2 जी इथेनॉल बायो रिफाइनरियों के लिए वायबिलिटी गैप फंडिंग स्कीम।

Agriclinic and agribusiness centers scheme

2021-03-31T11:06:00.006+05:30

Agriclinic and Agribusiness Centres Scheme (ACABC)

launch date - 2002

Implemented by - NABARD , SFAC , MANAGE

Website -http://www.agriclinics.net/

Online application form-

https://acabcmis.gov.in/ApplicantReg.aspx

This is a program for agriculture graduate

free training 45 days

Loan amount- for 5-10 yr maximum amount of project

20 lakh for individual project

100 lakh for group project

Subsidy - womens/sc/st - 44%, maximum - 8,80000 /-

Eastern state - 44 % maximum - 8,80000 /-

Gen/ obc - 36 % , maximum - 7,20000 /-

Elegibility - 12 in Agriculture with 55 % Marks or

B.sc in Agriculture , Zoology, Botany or

Diploma in agriculture

Activities under finance -

- Soil and water quality - tasting laboratories

- Micro propagation project - tissue culture lab

- Seed processing units and Seed production units

- Production of fish- fingerlings

- Vermiculture units,bio compost units bio control agents units, bio pesticide units production

- Agriservice centers

- Extention consultancy service

- Farm mashinery and implements- Mantenance , Hiring and Repair

- Setting up Cool Chain

- Rural Marketing leadership Pest surveillance , Diagnostic and Control service

- Setting up imformation Technology kiosk in rural areas.

- Floriculture , Landscaping , Nursery production

- Veterinary Clinic , cattle feed production

- Bee culture , Poultary , Seri culture

- Sorting ,Grading , Packaging , Storage units

Budget 2021 highlights for agriculture

2021-03-13T14:35:00.000+05:30

2021-22 Union Budget presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman

Highlights

6 PILLARS of the Budget

Health and Wellbeing

Physical & Financial Capital, and Infrastructure

Inclusive Development for Aspirational India

Reinvigorating Human Capital

Innovation and R&D

Minimum Government and Maximum Governance

64,180 crores over 6 years for PM AatmaNirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana

Rs 35,000 cr allocation for Covid vaccination

Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) 2.0 outlay of ₹1.41 lakh crore

PMFBY 16000 cr

MGNREGS 73000 cr

PM-KISAN 65000 cr

Green Revolution 13408 cr

PM-KSY- 11588 cr

Mid Day Meal Programme- 11500 cr

National Livelihood Mission - 14473 cr

National Education Mission - 34300 cr

Nation Health Mission - 37130 cr

Jal Jeevan Mission - 50011 cr

PMAY- 27500 cr

Women Walfare - 153326 cr

children walfare- 85713

Sc's - 126259

St's - 79942

The target for agricultural credit has been increased to Rs.16.5 lakh crores- animal husbandry, dairy, and fisheries to be the focus areas

Agricultural Produce Marketing Committees (APMCs) can now access the ₹1 lakh crore Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF).

Rural infrastructure development fund (RIDF)Rs.40,000 crore

Micro Irrigation Fund corpus has been increased to Rs.10,000 crore via NABARD.

Setting up a multi-purpose seaweed park in Tamil Nadu

Central University to come up in Leh, Ladakh.

₹50,000 crore earmarked over five years for the creation of a National Research Foundation (NRF)

Rs. 20,000 crores in 2021-22 to further consolidate the financial capacity of PSBs

Budget 2020 highlights for agriculture

2021-03-12T08:22:00.003+05:30

Budget allocation amount Budget for

2.83 lakh caror Agriculture , Irrigation and rural development
1.6 lakh caror for agriculture and irrigation
1.23 for rural development and Panchayati Raj

99300 caror Education
3000 cr Skill development

69000 cr Health
6400 cr PMJAY

12300 cr Swach bharat mission
11500 cr Jai jeevan mission

35600 Nutrition sector

28600 Women development

85000 SCs and OBCs community
53700 STs community
9500    senior Citizons and Divyang

2500 Tourism
4400 Environment and Climat change

30757    North East and J&K
5958 Union teritory Ladakh

1480 National taxtiles mission
6000 Bharat net scheam
8000 National mission on Qwantum Computing and technology

27300 Industry and commerce
20000 Renewable energy

Important   Income tax 2020
   Now   Old

   0 -2.5    Nil Nil
   2.5 - 5 Nil 5
   5 - 7.5 10 20
  7.5 - 10     15 20
   10- 12.5     20 30
   12.5 -15    25 30
   Above 15     30 30

RASTRIY GOKUL MISSION

2021-03-09T17:17:00.007+05:30

RGM

START- 2014 with 2025 cr budget

why start RGM ?

to Conserve and develop indigenous bovine breeds by government under the National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development (NPBBD).

main objectives of the mission-

Development and conservation of indigenous breeds.

breed improvement programme for indigenous cattle breeds and improve the genetic makeup and increase the stock.

increase milk production and productivity.

Upgrade nondescript cattle using elite indigenous breeds like Gir, Sahiwal, Rathi, Deoni, Tharparkar, Red Sindhi.

Distribute disease free high genetic merit bulls for natural service.

Implemented through the “State Implementing Agency (SIA viz Livestock Development Boards).

State Gauseva Ayogs will be given the mandate to sponsor proposals to the SIA’s (LDB’s) and monitor implementation of the sponsored proposal.

All Agencies having a role in indigenous cattle development will be the “Participating Agencies” like CFSPTI, CCBFs, ICAR, Universities, Colleges, NGO’s, Cooperative Societies and Gaushalas with best germplasm.

What are Gokul Grams?

Funds under the scheme will be allocated for the establishment of Integrated Indigenous Cattle Centres

Responsibilities-

Work as Centres for development of Indigenous Breeds and a dependable source for supply of high genetic breeding stock to the farmers in the breeding tract.

self sustaining and will generate economic resources from sale of A2 milk (A2 milkis cow’s milk that mostly lacks a form of β-casein proteins called A1 and instead has mostly the A2 form), organic manure, vermi-composting, urine distillates, and production of electricity from bio gas for in house consumption and sale of animal products.

Also function as state of the art in situ training centre for Farmers, Breeders and MAITRI’s.

The Gokul Gram will maintain milch and unproductive animals in the ratio of 60:40 and will have the capacity to maintain about 1000 animals. Nutritional requirements of the animals will be provided in the Gokul Gram through in house fodder production.

Gokul Gram will focus on genetic upgradation of urban cattle.

FARM BILL 2020

2021-03-07T17:17:00.002+05:30

Farmers Bill 2020 (Empowerment & Protection)

This Bill replaces the Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement of Price Assurance and Farm Services Ordinance, 2020. Therefore, please refer to our legislative brief on the Agriculture Ordinances, 2020.

Main provisions –

• The new legislation will empower farmers for engaging with processors, wholesalers, aggregators, wholesalers , large retailers, exporters etc., on a level playing field. Price assurance to farmers even before sowing of crops. In case of higher market price, farmers will be entitled to this price over and above the minimum price.

• It will transfer the risk of market unpredictability from the farmer to the sponsor. Due to prior price determination, farmers will be shielded from the rise and fall of market prices.

• It will also enable the farmer to access modern technology, better seed, and other inputs.

• It will reduce the cost of marketing and improve the income of farmers.

• An effective dispute resolution mechanism has been provided with clear timelines for redressal.

• The impetus to research and new technology in the agriculture sector.

Doubts –

• Under contract farming, farmers will be under pressure and they will not be able to determine

prices

• How will small farmers be able to practice contract farming, sponsors will shy away from them

• The new system will be a problem for farmers

• In case of dispute, big companies will be at an advantage

Clarification –

• The farmer will have full power in the contract to fix the sale price of his choice for the produce.

They will receive a payment within a maximum of 3 days.

• 10000 Farmer Producer organizations are being formed throughout the country. These FPOs will bring together small farmers and work to ensure remunerative pricing for farm produce

• After signing the contract, the farmer will not have to seek out traders. The purchasing consumer will pick up the product directly from the farm

• In case of dispute, there will be no need to go to court repeatedly. There will be a local dispute redressal mechanism.

Highlights of the Ordinance

• The Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Ordinance, 2020 allows intra-state and inter-state trade of farmers’ produce beyond the physical premises of APMC markets.

State governments are prohibited from levying any market fee, cess, or levy outside APMC areas.

• The Farmers Agreement Ordinance creates a framework for contract farming through an agreement between a farmer and a buyer prior to the production or rearing of any farm produce. It provides for a three -level dispute settlement mechanism: the conciliation board, Sub-Divisional Magistrate and Appellate Authority.

• The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Ordinance, 2020 allows the central government to regulate the supply of certain food items only under extraordinary circumstances (such as war and famine). Stock limits may be imposed on agricultural produce only if there is a steep price rise.

Key Issues and Analysis

• The three Ordinances aim to increase the availability of buyers for farmers’ produce, by allowing

them to trade freely without any license or stock limit, so that an increase in competition among them results in better prices for farmers. While the Ordinances aim to liberalize trade and increase the number of buyers, de-regulation alone may not be sufficient to attract more buyers.

• The Standing Committee on Agriculture (2018-19) noted that the availability of a transparent, easily accessible, and efficient marketing platform is a pre-requisite to ensure remunerative prices for farmers. Most farmers lack access to government procurement facilities and APMC markets. It noted that small rural markets can emerge as a viable alternative for agricultural marketing if they are provided with adequate infrastructure facilities.

• The Standing Committee also recommended that the Gramin Agricultural Markets scheme (which aims to improve infrastructure and civic facilities in 22,000 Gramin Haats across the country) should be made a fully funded central scheme and scaled to ensure the presence of a Haat in each panchayat of the country.

Key Features

The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Ordinance, 2020

• Farming agreement :- The Ordinance provides for a farming agreement between a farmer and a buyer prior to the production or rearing of any farm produce. The minimum period of an agreement will be one crop season or one production cycle of livestock. The maximum period is five years unless the production cycle is more than five years.

• Pricing of farming produces :- The price of farming produce should be mentioned in the agreement. For prices subjected to variation, a guaranteed price for the product, and a clear reference for any additional amount above the guaranteed price must be specified in the agreement. Further, the process of price determination must be mentioned in the agreement.

• Dispute Settlement :- A farming agreement must provide for a conciliation board as well as a conciliation process for settlement of disputes. The Board should have a fair and balanced representation of parties to the agreement. At first, all disputes must be referred to the board for resolution. If the dispute remains unresolved by the Board after thirty days, parties may approach the Sub-divisional Magistrate for resolution. Parties will have a right to appeal to an Appellate Authority (presided by collector or additional collector) against decisions of the Magistrate. Both the Magistrate and Appellate Authority will be required to dispose of a dispute within thirty days from the receipt of the application. The Magistrate or the Appellate Authority may impose certain penalties on the party contravening the agreement. However, no action can be taken against the agricultural land of the farmer for recovery of any dues.

KISAN CREDIT CARD (KCC)

2021-03-03T16:49:00.004+05:30

Main point :-

Short term credit scheme for kisan and this scheme was prepared by NABARD on R.V. Gupta committee

This scheme implemented by all co-operative banks , Regional Rural Banks ans public sector Banks

Launch- 1998

Initial interest rate - 9% per annum

RBI reduse interest rate at 2 % under interest subvention scheme so farmer pay 7 % interest rate

If farmer pay timely than farmer get 3 % more subvention

after this Effective interest rate - 4%

Maximum loan - 3 lakh for 3 yr

Collectoral free loan - 1.60 lakh

Insurance coverage- 50000/- in case of death ( permanent disability )

25000/- in case other risk

KCC credit for -Agriculture , Fisheries and animal husbandry

Document requred

Application form

Copy of Id like- Adhar card , PAN card Voter id , Driving lisence

Land document

Passport size photo

Questions :-

SOIL HEALTH CARD SCHEME

2021-03-03T14:16:00.003+05:30

SOIL HEALTH CARD

Launch - 19 Feb 2015 at Suratgarh Rajasthan

Theme -"Swasth Dharaa Khet Hara" (Healthy Earth Green Farm)

Languages-14 (soil health card application-23)

SHC contain 12 parameters ( N P K S Zn Fe Cu Mn Bo and PH OC EC )

Cost - 190/- per soil sample

MRIDA PRIKSHAK

Launch -18 Feb 2015

It contain 15 parameters (N P K S Zn Fe Cu Mn Bo PH OC EC gypsum lime and calcarious soil )

Total cost mridaprikshak lab 86000/-

Sample cost - 170/- per sample

Image-Mridaparikshak mini lab

eNAM

2020-06-15T10:31:00.001+05:30

eNAM-National Agriculture Marketing

14 apr 2016

eNAM is an online trading platform for agricultural commodities by integrating the

existing Agriculture Produce Market Committee (APMC) market.

1000 markets in 18 state + 3 UT (according to official data ) (38 mandies recentlly added)

144 market in rajasthan

1.66 crore farmers and 1,31000 traders are resistered under eNAM platform.

PM- kisan

2020-06-14T11:16:00.001+05:30

PM KISAN- Pradhan Mantry Kisan Samman Nidhi

Start date -1/12/2018

Main point :-

100% funding by central GOI.

6000 per year provide to all farmer families in 3 equa installment of 2000 per four month.

Enroment by approaching local patwari/nodal officer/revenue officer

Fund directy transderred to bank acounts of farmer.

Govt. provide sef registration throw the Farmer corner.

PM kisan database as per thair adhar card submit through the Farmer corner.

Current point :-

april 2020 GOI released 17793 cr for 8.89 cr farmer under pm kisan scheme.

Questions -

1. with reference to PM KISAN scheme , consider the following statements

1.It is a centrally sponsored scheme .

2.The fund is directly transferred to the bank accounts of the beneficiaries.

3. The entire responsibility of identification of beneficiary farmer families rests with the state/UT .

which of the following statement is correct ?

(A) 1 and 2
(B) 2 and 3
(C) 1 and 3
(D) 1,2 and 3

Right ans......1 and 2

AGRICULTURE SCHEMES- PMFBY

2020-06-13T11:37:00.006+05:30

1. PMFBY - Pradhan Mantry fasal bima yojna

launched- 18 feb 2016

This scheme mixed by two schemes National Agriculture Insurance Scheme(NAIS) and

Modified National Agriculture Insurance Scheme(MNAIS)

Main point - coverage of crop insurance

Rabi crop- 1.5%

Kharif crop- 2%

Commercial and Horticulture crop - 5%

( All these data asked in 2017 an 2018 afo exam)

Objectives:

To provide insurance coverage and financial support to the farmers in the event of failure of any of the notified crop as a result of natural calamities, pests & diseases.

- To stabilize the income of farmers to ensure their farming

- TO encourage farmers to adopt innovateve and modern agricultural practices.

To ensure the flow of credit to the agricullture sectore.

Eligiblity

All farmars age 18 to 70

compulsory for loanee farmars,crop loan /kcc account for corps

HISTORY OS CROP INSURANCE IN INDIA

A crop insurance scheme was suggested by Prof. Dandekar in 1976 and also say Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme (CCIS)was implemented from Kharif 1985 .

The objectives of the scheme are :

financial support to farmers in the event of crop failure - as a result of drought, floods.
credit eligibility of farmers after a crop failure for the next crop season.
CCIS was operated for almost one and a half decades, before being replaced by the National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) in 1999.
NAIS was conceptualized to address operational problems experienced during the implementation of CCIS.

Since NAIS brought forth its own problems, modified NAIS (MNAIS) was formulated and implemented on a pilot basis in 50 districts from the Rabi-Season of 2010–11. public-and private-sector insurance companies also launched weather based crop insurance products on a pilot basis, as part of GoI’s crop insurance programme in 2007–08.