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SMART FARMING TECHNOLOGY

2020-06-09T10:29:00.000+05:30

Smart Farming Technology

Introduction

Traditionally farming as a practice has been in the past and will continue in the future to be a manual and labor-intensive industry. With technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Big data & Analytics, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) touching almost all the listed industry sectors know. How can it no be the case for Agriculture and modern Internet and Communication Technology (ICT) to interact?

A small initiative in the 1990’s by John Deere Co. of using a GPS system in tractors linked to the satellite for automated steering the crop map reducing errors and hence increasing crop yield by reduction in wastage seeds, optimum utilization of fertilizers & manures, fuel and time made the way for a full-fledged industry.

According to a report published by Food and Agriculture Organization (FOA) of the United Nations, there are going to be 8.5 billion human beings on planet earth by 2030 and 9.6 billion inhabitants on earth by the year 2050. It is estimated that to feed this population, food production must increase by 70% considering limited agriculture land, scarcity of fresh water, and ever-changing climate conditions.

To address this challenge, efforts are in place to improve the quality and quantity of agriculture products by making them ‘Intelligent’ and ‘connected’ through “smart farming” also referred to as “precision farming”. Precision agriculture as an industry is poised to grow to 43.4 billion USD by end of 2025.

What Exactly is Smart Farming?

Smart farming can be referred to as the 4.0 green revolution in the field of agriculture combining agriculture methodologies with technology – Sensors & Actuators, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Internet of Things (IoT), Robotics and Drones to achieve desired efficiencies of production with managed cost.

According to a survey, 80% of farmers in US and 24% farmers in UK have already started using Smart Farming Tool (SFT). These numbers are cognizant of the fact that SFTs are adding value to the farming ecosystem. As far as scale of operations is considered, Smart farming tools and techniques can be applied to large scale distributed conventional farming and can be applied to focused small farming set of organic farms.

Technology behind Smart Farming:
The structure of IoT is based on three layers

The perception layer (sensing)
The network layer (data transfer)
The application layer (data storage and manipulation)

Layer 1: The perception layer

At the perception layer, we meet technologies such as WSN, RFID and, recently, Near Field communications (NFC). There is some overlap between WSN and RFID technologies, since semi-passive and active RFID tags can also be regarded as wireless nodes with lower computational and storage capacity. Typically, a wireless sensor node consists of a processing module, usually a low-power microcontroller unit (MCU), one or more sensor modules (embedded or external analogue or digital sensing devices) and an RF module, supporting a low-power wireless technology.

WSNs are often met in several works related to monitoring and climate control of storage and logistics facilities. RFID tags contain data in the form of the Electronic Product Code (EPC), and the RFID Readers are triggering, reading and manipulating many tags. Offering object identification, tracking and data storage on active or passive (without the need for embedded power supply) tags, RFID and NFC technologies play an important role in the agricultural domain. Typical user scenarios include products or livestock monitoring, supply chain and quality control tracking and lifecycle assessment of agriculture products.

Layer 2: The network layer

At the second layer of IoT, wireless sensor nodes interacting with physical objects and/or their environment, communicate with their neighboring nodes or a gateway, building networks through which the data are usually forwarded towards a remote infrastructure for storage, further analysis, processing and dissemination of the valuable knowledge that can be extracted.

Communication protocols built over wireless standards, facilitate the device networking and bridge the gap between the internet-enabled gateways and the end-nodes. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), LoRa/LoRaWAN, DASH7 and low-power WiFi have also appeared in several deployments recently.

Layer 3: The application layer

The application layer is the third layer of the IoT. It is of high importance and, in many ways, it is this that facilitates the realization of the IoT. The application layer faces several issues which must be resolved, such as the identification of the devices as unique entities.

Finally, for the sensed data to have a real value for the end-user or another system (in case of M2M scenarios) they must be stored, analyzed, synthesized and presented in an understandable and intuitive manner. Big Data is one side effect of the continuous data flow coming from billions of geo-distributed devices and has three dimensions, namely volume, variety and velocity.

WSAN (Wireless Sensor-Actor Network) paradigm, i.e. distributed smart devices sensing and transferring data to a sink and/or driving one or more actuators, moves one step further towards interoperability of devices and objects. Other aspects of IoT include technologies that support the intercommunication among devices and/or end-users, as well as the platforms, the software, the hardware abstractions and the programming tools, over which developers and providers can build new applications and services.

The Benefits of Smart Farming: How IoT Is Shaping Agriculture
There are five ways IoT can improve agriculture:

1.Data, tons of data, collected by smart agriculture sensors

weather conditions, soil quality, crop’s growth progress or cattle health. This data can be used to track the state of your business in general, as well as staff performance, equipment efficiency, etc.

2.Better control over the internal processes and, as a result, lower production risks.
The ability to foresee the output of your production allows you to plan for better product distribution. If you know exactly how much crops you are going to harvest, you can make sure your product won’t lie around unsold.

3.Cost management and waste reduction to the increased control over production.
Being able to see any anomalies in the crop growth or livestock health, you will be able to mitigate the risks of losing your yield.

4.Increased business efficiency through process automation.
By using smart devices, you can automate multiple processes across your production cycle, e.g. irrigation, fertilizing, or pest control.

5.Enhanced product quality and volumes.
Achieve better control over the production process and maintain higher standards of crop quality and growth capacity through automation.

IoT Use in Agriculture

There are many types of IoT sensors and IoT applications that can be used in agriculture:

Monitoring of Climate Conditions

Probably the most popular smart agriculture gadgets are weather stations, combining various smart farming sensors. Located across the field, they collect various data from the environment and send it to the cloud. The provided measurements can be used to map the climate conditions, choose the appropriate crops, and take the required measures to improve their capacity (i.e. precision farming).

Some examples of such agriculture IoT devices are allMETEO, Smart Elements, and Pycno.

Greenhouse Automation

In addition to sourcing environmental data, weather stations can automatically adjust the conditions to match the given parameters. Specifically, greenhouse automation systems use a similar principle.

For instance, Farmapp and Growlink are also IoT agriculture products offering such capabilities among others.

GreenIQ is also an interesting product that uses smart agriculture sensors. It is a smart sprinklers controller that allows you to manage your irrigation and lighting systems remotely.

Crop Management

One more type of IoT product in agriculture and another element of precision farming is crop management devices. Just like weather stations, they should be placed in the field to collect data specific to crop farming; from temperature and precipitation to leaf water potential and overall crop health, these can all be used to readily collect data and information for improved farming practices.

Thus, you can monitor your crop growth and any anomalies to effectively prevent diseases or infestations that could harm your yield. Arable and Semios can serve as good representations of how this use case can be applied in real life.

Cattle Monitoring and Management

Just like crop monitoring, there are IoT agriculture sensors that can be attached to the animals on a farm to monitor their health and log performance. This works similarly to IoT devices for pet care.

For example, SCR by Allflex and Cowlar use smart agriculture sensors (collar tags) to deliver temperature, health, activity, and nutrition insights on each individual cow, as well as collective information about the herd.

End-to-End Farm Management System

A more complex approach to IoT products in agriculture can be represented by the so-called farm productivity management systems. They usually include a number of agriculture IoT devices and sensors, installed on the premises as well as a powerful dashboard with analytical capabilities and in-built accounting/reporting features.

This offers remote farm monitoring capabilities and allows you to streamline most of the business operations. Similar solutions are represented by FarmLogs and Cropio.

In addition to the listed IoT agriculture use cases, some prominent opportunities include vehicle tracking (or even automation), storage management, logistics, etc.

Conclusion:

After knowing about some IoT applications in agriculture, we can say that it is definitely revolutionize the agriculture industry in a few years. IoT has been applied in several areas of agriculture. A lot of research is underway to ensure more IoT devices are used to make the managing of farms easier and increase productivity. IoT is allowing farmers to easily obtain data that is useful in many ways such as decision making. With the increasing demand for food due to the rapid population increase, we expect more IoT applications in the next few years.

SMART FARMING COMPANY

2020-06-09T10:28:00.000+05:30

Detail About Smart farming company

Farming is poised to be at the leading edge of new technology with the help of these companies:

1.RoboticsPlus – Fruit Picking Robots

Robotics Plus, a startup with 10 million USD in funding from Yamaha motor company is ready to push its Aporo bruise-free robotic packers into commercial production. The apple packer can identify and position apples in display trays and can carefully handle up to 120 pieces of fruit every minute, a function that takes the place of 2 to 3 migrant workers. Robotics Plus is also working on other autonomous agtech vehicles, like their robotic pollinator, a robotic crop-size estimator, and a robotic kiwifruit harvester.

2.Ecorobotix – Weed Zapping Robots

Founded in 2011, Swiss startup ecoRobotix with a funding of 13.6 million USD from two rounds. Their most recent funding, a $7.6 million Series B round which closed in May of 2018, attracted European agrifood tech investor Cap Agro and the largest chemical producer in the world, Germany’s BASF.

ecoRobotix’s produces an autonomous robot weeder, run on solar energy, that can accurately detect weeds from crops using camera and sensors. Robotic arms are then used to apply a microdose of herbicide to the weeds it detects. Clearly, this reduces the amount of chemicals needed.

3.WaterBit – Smart Farming Irrigation Systems

Founded in 2015, Milpitas, California startup WaterBit with a funding of 11.4 million USD is in the process to build an Autonomous Irrigation Solution (AIS) to assist produce and nut farmers. The company’s product suite is composed of parts. The first, WaterBit Carbon, is a tiny solar-powered tool that connects the sensors and probes in your field to address water delivery at the micro level instead of a spray-and-pray approach. The second device is the WaterBit Block Value Controller which turns the irrigation system on and off based on input from the WaterBit Carbon device.

4.Trace Genomics

Launched in 2016, Trace Genomics is a highly scalable software and analytics platform that uses gene sequencing, artificial intelligence, and a growing database of microbial species to identify and profile the soil microbiome. It then provides actionable insights like how to achieve more efficient nutrient use, how to reduce input costs, how to reduce crop disease risk, and which seeds, rotations, or biological agents will work best. The company recently closed a $13 million Series A round, which is its first significant round of venture capital financing.

LIST OF AGRICULTURE RESEARCH INSTITUTE

2020-06-09T10:07:00.000+05:30

Agriculture Research Institute

S.No.	Name of Research Institute	Location
1.	Central Agricultural Research Institute	Port Blair
2.	Central Fertilizer Quality Control and Training Institute	Faridabad
3.	Central Fodder Seed Production Farm	Hessarghatta, Bangalore
4.	Central Inland Capture Fisheries Research Institute	Barrackpore
5.	Central Institute for Cotton Research	Nagpur
6.	Central Institute for Subject-Tropical Horticulture	Lucknow
7.	Central Institute for Agricultural Engineering	Bhopal
8.	Central Institute of Brackish water Aquaculture	Chennai
9.	Central Institute of fisheries Education	Mumbai
10.	Central institute of Fisheries Technology	Cochin
11.	Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture	Bhubaneshwar
12.	Cental Marine Fisheries Research Institute	Cochin
13.	Central Rice Research Institute	Cuttack
14.	Central Soil Salinity Research Institute	Karnal
15.	Indian Agriculture Research Institute	New Delhi
16.	Locust Control and Research Institute	Jodhpur
17.	Central Institute of Fisheries, Nautical and Engineering Training	Kochi
18.	Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhanshala	Almora
19.	Arid forestry Research Institute	Jodhpur
20.	Central Pollution Control Board	New Delhi
21.	Central Zoo Authority	New Delhi
22.	Centre for Forestry Research and Human Resource Development	Chhindwara
23.	Centre for Social Forestry and Eco-Habitation	Allahabad
24.	Forest Research Institute	Dehradun
25.	G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development	Almora
26.	Himalayan forest Research Institute	Shimla
27.	Indian Council of forestry Research and Education	Dehradun
28.	Indian Institute of Forest Management	Bhopal
29.	Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute	Bangalore
30.	Institute of forest Productivity	Ranchi
31.	Institute of forest Genetics and tree Breeding	Coimbatore
32.	Institute of Rain and Moist Deciduous Forest Research	Jorhat
33.	Institute of Wood Science and Technology	Bangalore
34.	National Biodiversity Authority	Chennai
35.	National Institute of Animal Welfare	Faridabad
36.	Rain forest Research Institute	Jorhat
37.	Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History	Coimbatore
38	Temperate Research Institute	Shimla
39.	The Botanical Survey of India	Kolkata
40.	The forest Survey of India	Dehradun
41.	The Zoological Survey of India	Kolkata
42.	Tropical forestry Research Institute	Jabalpur
43.	Wildlife Institute of India	Dehradun
44.	Central Health Education Bureau	New Delhi
45.	The National Academy of Medical Science	New Delhi
46.	National Institute of Ayurveda	Jaipur
47.	National Institute of Siddha	Chennai
48.	National Institute of Unani Medicines	Bangalore
49.	Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga	New Delhi
50.	National Institute of Naturopathy	Pune
51.	National institute of Homeopathy	Kolkata
52.	The Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidhyapeeth	New Delhi
53.	Central Drug Research Institute	Lucknow
54.	Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants	Lucknow
55.	Central Food Technological Research Institute	Mysore
56.	National Botanical Research Institute	Lucknow
57.	National Biological laboratory	Palampur
58.	National Environmental Engineering Research Institute	Nagpur
59.	National Institute of Oceanography	Panaji
60	Central Scientific Instrument Organisation	Chandigarh
61	Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany	Lucknow
62.	Central for Cellular and Molecular Biology	Hyderabad
63.	Central Coconut Research Station	Kasaragod
64.	Central Jute Technological Research Institute	Kolkata
65.	Central Rice Research Institute	Cuttack
66.	Central State Farm	Suratgarh
67.	Central Tobacco Research Station	Rajahmundry
68.	Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics	Hyderabad
69.	High Altitude Research Station	Gulmarg
70	Indian Cancer Research Centre	Mumbai
71.	Indian Institute of Sugar Technology	Kanpur
72.	Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology	Pune
73.	Indian Lac Research Institute	Ranchi
74.	Indian Science Congress Association	Kolkata
75.	Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences	Kolkata
76.	Institute of Bio Resources and Sustainable Development	Imphal
77.	Institute of Life Science	Bhubaneswar
78.	Institute of Microbial Technology	Hyderabad

SCIENTISTS & THEIR DISCOVERIES

2020-06-08T15:22:00.000+05:30

SCIENTISTS & THEIR DISCOVERIES

S.No	Field	Scientist
1.	2,4-D as growth regulator	Zimmerman and Hitchcock
2.	2,4-D as herbicide	Marth and Mitchell
3.	2,4-D discovered by	Hammer and Turkey
4.	3 row sugarcane planter	Krishnen Singh
5.	ABA	Waring
6.	Absolute growth rate	West et al
7.	ADCO process of composting	Hutchinson and Richards
8.	Aggressivity	Gilchrist
9.	Agricultural chemist (First)	J.W Leather
10.	Allelopathy	Hans Molisch
11.	Apomixis	Hans Winkler
12.	Apoplast and Symplast	Munch
13	Area harvest equivalency ratio	Balasubhramanium & Sekayange
14.	Area Time Equivalency ratio	Heibisch and Maccollum
15.	Auxin	Frits Warmolt Went
16.	Available N in soil	Subbiah and Asija
17.	Available water :	Veihmeyer and hendrickson
18.	Bajra hybrid HB1	Athwal
19.	BGA in rice field	P.K De
20.	Biodiversity Hotspots	Meyer
21	Biodynamic farming	Rudolf steiner
22	Biogas	Desai and Biswas
23	Biological yield term	Nichiporovich
24	Bt cotton in India	C.D Mayee
25	Capillary potential concept was given by	Buckingham
26	Capillary theory	Bohem
27	Cardinal temperature concept	Sachs
28	Caterpiller tractor	Benjamin Halt
29	Cation Exchange Capacity	Thompson and Way
30	Coefficient of Effectivenes	Nichiporovich
31	Coefficient of sustainability	Lal
32	Competition index	Donald
33	Competitive exclusion principle	Gause
34	Contact exchange theory	Jenny and Overstreet
35	Competition ratio	Willey and Rao
36	Controlled droplet application	E.J Bals
37	CRI in wheat	Bharadwaj
38	Critical Soil Test Level Approach	Cate and Nelson
39	. Crop Equivalent Yield	Verma and modgel
40	Crop Growth Rate	Watson
41	Crop Ideotype for Brassicas (Rapeseed & Mustard)	Turling
42	Crop Ideotype for Gram	Pande and Suxena
43	Crop Ideotype for Maize	Mock and Pea
44	Crop Ideotype for Rice	Jennings/Yoshida
45	Crop Ideotype for Rainfed wheat	Asana
46	Crop Ideotype for Wheat	Donald rce
47	Cropping Intensity index	Menegay
48	Cultivated Land Utilization index	Chuang
49	Cytokinin	Gottlied Haberlandt
50	Denitrification a respiratory process	Weissenberg
51	Diversity Index	Strout and Wang Yu
52	DRIS	Beaufils
53	Drum culture technique	Dastane
54	Dry farming in India	T.K Basu
55	DTPA test	Lindsay
56	Ecology term coined by	Earnst Haeckel
57	Effective Land Equivalent ratio	Mead and Willey
58	Effective rainfall	Dastane
59	Electrical Resistance Block	Boyoucous and Mick
60	Electrochemical theory of Ion uptake	Lundegardh
61	Father of ‘conservation tillage’	Faulkner
62	Father of Aerobic rice	Boumen
63	Father of low volume spray	E.J Bals
64	Father of modern soil conservation	Wollny
65	Father of Safeners	Otto L Hoffman
66	Father of Soil testing	Trough
67	Father of zero tillage	Jethro Tull/ Triplett
68	Fertilizer gradient Approach	Ramamoorthy
69	Field capacity	Israelsen and West
70	Flowering responses of plants to temperature	Vernalization
71	Foliar Fertilization	Rajat De
72	Foliar fertilization of plant nutrients	E.Gris
73	Forage breeder	Burton
74	FYM by trench Method	C.N Acharya
75	FYM trench method	C.N Acharya
76	Growing Degree Days concept	Vittum et al
77	Gypsum blocks	Boyoucous and Mick
78	Gypsum requirement	Schoonover
79	Harvest Plus Organization	Howarth Bouis
80	Herbicide Efficiency Index	Krishnamurthy
81	Humus is the basic principle	Wallerius
82	Humus is the principle of vegetation	Wallerius
83	Hydrophonic	Sachs and Knoop
84	Importance value index	Philips
85	Indole acetic acid – Isolation and Characterization	Charles and Francis
86	Inductive Approach	Ramamoorthy
87	Influence of temperature on plant growth and development is termed as	^{Thermomorphogenesis}
88	Integrated farming System	M.S.Swaminathan
89	Integrated Soil Test Level Approach	Calwell
90	Intercropping	Aiyer
91	Intercropping concept	Aiyer
92	Interference	Harper
93	Irrigation agronomy	Dastane
94	IW/CPE	Parihar
95	Karnal Bunt of heat	Mitra
96	Land Equivalent Coefficient	Adetiloye and Ezedinma
97	Land Equivalent ratio	Willey
98	Law of maximization	Wallace
99	Law of restitution	Leibig
100	Leaf Colour Chart	Balasubramanium
101	Leaching requirement	Rhoades
102	Leaf Area Duration	Watson
103	Leaf Area Index	Watson
104	LEISA Concept	Swaminatha
105	Light transmission ratio	Monsi and Saeki
106	Lignin theory	Waksman
107	Lignin theory of humus formation	Waksman
108	Lime potential	Schofield
109	Lime requirement	Shoemaker
110	Macro and Micro nutrient grouping	Loomis and Shull
111	Maize	Bosisen
112	Mass flow	Munch
113	MCPA developed by	Templeman and Sexton
114	Missing Plot Technique	Yats
115	Mixed cropping	La Flitz
116	Mixed cropping	La flitz
117	Moisture equivalent	Briggs and Mclane
118	Mr Rice	S.K De Datta
119	Multiple cropping Index	Dalrymple
120	Mycorrhyza	Frank
121	N₂_{fixation by legumes}	_{Hellriegel and Wilfarth}
122	Natural farming	Fukuoka
123	Neighbourhood Approach (weed research	Goldberg and Werner
124	Net Assimilation Rate	Gregory
125	Nitrate reductase activity	Evans and Nason
126	Nitrification is a 2 step process	Warrington
127	Nutrient Index	Parker
128	Nitrification was caused by bacteria	Theodore Schloessing and Alfred Muntz
129	Nutrient Mobility Concept	Bray
130	Nutrient Supplementation Index	Wahua
131	Oilseed	Dharampal
132	One man Straw revolution	Fukuoka
133	Organic farming	Northbourne
134	Osmosis	Abbe Nollel
135	Parallel cropping	Suxena / Sher Singh Bains
136	Partial Factor Productivity	Layman and Herdt
137	pE concept	Silen
138	Permanent Wilting Point	Briggs and Shantz
139	pF scale	Schofield
140	Phosphate fixation	Thomas Way
141	Photoperiodism	Gardner and Allard
142	Photophosphorylation	Arnon
143	Photorespiration	Decker
144	Phyllosphere	Ruinen
145	Ploughman’s folly	Ruinen
146	Polyphenol theory of O.M	Stevenson
147	Potato tuber from seed	A.Killam
148	Poverty adjustment law	Macy
149	Prescription approach	Trough
150	Pressure membrane apparatus	Richards
151	Pusa Jaikisan	V.L Chopra
152	Q/I relationship	Beckett
153	QPM developed by	S.K Vasal and Villegas
154	Reclammation of Saline and Alkaline soil	Bhumbla
155	Relative Growth Rate	Blackman
156	Relative Yield Total	De Wit
157	Relay cropping S.S	Bains / Balwant Raj
158	Replacement Series	Osiru and Kibira
159	Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC)	Eaton
160	Respiration and temperature have relationship	Exponential Q₁₀_{= 3}
161	Response and yield) curve (Relation between plant population	^Holliday
162	Response farming	Stewart
163	Rhizosphere	Hiltner
164	Rice Agronomy	Ambika Singh
165	Role of algae in supplying oxygen o roots of submerged rice	^{Harrison and Aiyer}
166	Root Interception	Barber
167	Salt Index	Puri
168	SCAR (Sodium Calcium Activity Ratio)	I.C Gupta
169	Simultaneous cropping Index	Strout
170	Slow Release Nitrogen fertilizer	Rajendra Prasad
171	Sodium Adsorption Ratio	Richards
172	Soil Plant Atmosphere Continuum	Huber
173	Soil Resource Economic and Plant Parameter	^Yadav
174	Soil solarization	Yaduraju
175	Solar heat treatment against Loose smut :	Sattar and Luthra
176	Sorghum breeder	N.G.P Rao
177	Southern Oscillation Index	Gilbart Walker
178	Specific leaf weight	Hayashi
179	Staple land Equivalent ratio	Reddy and Chetty
180	Stress Day Index	Dorrenbos and Pruth
181	Sugarcane Agronomy	H.K Pande
182	Sunflower Oil Improvement	Pustovit
183	Sunken Screen Evaporimeter	Dastane and Sharma
184	Surge irrigation	Stringham and kellar
185	Surge irrigation	Stringham and kellar
186	Sustainable Yield Index	*Singh et al. /Yadav*
187	Target Yield Concept	Ramamoorthy
188	Tensiometer	Richards and Gardner
189	Thermoperiodism	Went
190	Tift 23 A Bajra	Burton
191	Time Domain Reflectometry	Topp and Davis
192	TMO under leadership of	P.V Shenoi
193	Total Factor Productivity	Herdt
194	Total Factor Productivity	Christensen
195	Transplannting in Pearlmillet	R.C Gautam
196	True and functional allelopathy	Aldrich
197	Ultramicronutrient concept	Nicholas
198	Water footprint	Prof Arjen Y. Hoekstra
199	Water potential	Buckingham
200	Water Requirement Satisfaction Index	Doorenbos and Pruitt
201	Waterman of India	Rajendra Singh
202	Weed Control Efficiency	Mani et. Al
203	Weed Control Index	Mishra and Tosh
204	Weed Index	Gill and Vijaykumar
205	Weed resistance (Senecio vulgaris) first reported by	Ryan
206	Wheat	B.P Pal

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LIST OF DIFFERENT BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY AND THEIR FATHERS

2020-05-12T17:07:00.000+05:30

List of different branches of Biology and their Fathers

List of different branches of Biology and their Fathers

Biology is the study of life, living things and evolution of life. Living things like animals, plants, fungi, microorganisms, etc.

Or we can say that biology is life science which is derived from the Greek word 'bios' meaning life and ‘logy’ meaning study. That is, it is a science of nature which deals with life and living organisms, the structure of life, function, evolution, growth, distribution, and taxonomy. The term biology was first used by scientists Lamarck and Triviranus in 1801.

The study of living beings for improved understanding or prediction of natural or other phenomena is called Pure Biology or Basic Research or Fundamental Research. They are driven by curiosity, innovations in science. Whereas the study of living beings to develop various technologies or techniques to alter natural or other phenomena is called Applied Biology or Applied Research.

Which technique helps to grow an artificial ear in the Human Body?
Development as a sequential knowledge of biology took place in the era of the famous Greek philosopher Aristotle (384- 322 B.C.). He revealed his thoughts about various aspects of the life of plants and animals. Therefore, Aristotle is called as the Father of Biology. Let us study the list of Fathers of different branches of biology through this article.

List of different branches of Biology and their Fathers

No.	Branches of Biology	Father
1.	Biology	Aristotle
2.	Botany	Theophrastus
3.	Paleontology	Leonardo di Vinci
4.	Eugenics	Francis Galton
5.	Modern Botany	Linnaeus
6.	Immunology	Edward Jenner's
7.	Genetics	Gregor Mendel
8.	Modern Genetics	Thomas Hunt Morgan
9.	Cytology	Robert Hooke
10.	Botanical Illustrations	Krateuas
11.	Plant Anatomy	Nehemiah Grew
12.	Zoology	Aristotle
13.	Taxonomy	Carl Linnaeus
14.	Medicine	Hippocrates
15.	Histology	Marie François Xavier Bichat
16.	virology	Martineaus Beijerink
17.	Mutation Theory	Hugo de Vries
18.	Comparative Anatomy	Georges Cuvier
19.	Plant Physiology	Stephen Hales
20.	Bacteriology	Louis Pasteur
21.	Microbiology	Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
22.	Indian Mycology	Edwin John Butler
23.	Indian Bryology	Shiv Ram Kashyap
24.	Indian Ecology	Ramdeo misra
25.	Indian Phycology	Parthasarthy Iyengar
26.	Modern Embryology	Karl Ernst von Baer

One of the three major branches of natural science is biology. This branch of science is related to the study of life and its processes. There are several branches and are invented by various scientists which we have studied above through this article.

FRUITS CATEGORIES AND CLASSIFICATION

2020-05-12T16:09:00.000+05:30

Fruits Categories & Classification

Here are several fruit categorization system

1. Berries

Small, juicy fruits with thin skins
Highly perishable
Some berries include: blackberries, cranberries, blueberries, red and black raspberries, strawberries, and grapes.

2. Pits

Outer skin covering a soft, fleshy fruit
The fruit surrounds a single, hard stone, or pit, which contains the seed
Some pits include: cherries, apricots, nectarines, peaches, and plums

3. Core

Central, seed containing core surrounded by athick layer of flesh
Some cores include: apples and pears

4. Citrus Fruits

Thick outer rind
A thin membrane separates the flesh into segments
Some citrus fruits include: oranges, tangerines, grapefruits, kumquats, lemons, and limes

5. Melons

Large, juicy fruits with thick skins and many seeds
Some melons include: cantaloupe, casaba ,honeydew, and watermelon

6. Tropical Fruits

Grown in warm climatesand are considered tobe somewhat exotic
Available throughout the world
Some tropical fruits include: avocados, coconut, bananas, figs, dates, guavas, mangoes, papayas, pineapples, pomegranates, and kiwi

CLASSIFICATION OF FRUITS BASED ON CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS

2020-05-05T16:17:00.000+05:30

CLASSIFICATION OF FRUITS BASED ON CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS

Agro-climatic zones of India

Agro ecological zone is defined as a land unit in terms of major climates, suitable for certain range of crops and cultivars. Fruits are broadly classified on the basis of their temperature requirement such as, temperate, subtropical and tropical. However, some fruits may be grown under more than one climate. For example, mango is grown under both tropical and subtropical climates. Grape and peach can be grown in both temperate and subtropical regions. The agro climatic zones of India are as follows.
Zones

Temperate Subtropical Tropical
North western North eastern
Central southern coastal

Characteristics of different zones

1.Temperate zone:
Vegetative and flower buds of most of the temperate zone fruits enter into dormancy in late summer or autumn and require a substantial amount of winter cold before they can resume growth in the following spring.
i. these fruit plants are frost - hardy and even tolerant to snowfall and ice,
ii. the soil is mainly shallow and acidic in nature, and
iii. rainfall is adequate.
In India, temperate zone climatic environment occurs at sufficiently high elevations.

Subtropical zone:
i. Temperature is of intermediate in nature,
ii. chilling temperature, if occurs, is for a brief spell and beneficial for many fruits,
iii. the fruits grown have no distinct rest period,
iv. light frost may occur in this zone,
v. rainfall varies widely from low to high,
vi. soil reaction is generally neutral,
vii. soil fertility status is not satisfactory,
viii. the majority areas have sandy loam and alluvial soil,and
ix. the fruits have no marked photoperiodic requirement.

Tropical zone:
i. Chilling temperature is practically absent,
ii. high temperature occurs during most part of the year,
iii. day and night temperature variation is narrow,
iv. photoperiodic requirement in very insignificant,
v. rainfall varies widely,
vi. soil type varies greatly (clay loam, alluvial, saline, sandy, laterite etc.,) Besides, the arid region of India which occupies nearly 12 percent of the total land area is of immense importance for fruit growing because of the development of highly efficient irrigation management methods.

In India, the hot, arid zone covers over 3.2 lakh.Sq.km.in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Karnataka and Maharastra. There is about 70,300 sq. km area under the cold arid zone of Ladadh in Jammu & Kashmir.

Fruits for different climates

Tropical Climate.	Sub-Tropical Climate	Temperate Climate
Mango, Banana, Papaya, Pineapple, Guava, Sapota, Aonla, Custard apple, Carambola, Mangosteen, Jack fruit, Grape, Citrus (mandarin, Sweet orange, Lime)etc.	Mango, Citrus (mandarin, Sweet orange, Lime, Lemon, Grape fruit ), Grape, litchi, Avocado, Passion fruit, Ber, Bael, Aonla, Phalsa, Karonda, Pomegranate, Date palm, Strawberry, Loquat, Fig, Kair etc.	Apple, Almond, Walnut, Pear, Peach, Plum, Apricot, strawberry, Cherry, Kiwi fruit, Pecan nut, Pistachio nut and Hazel nut etc.

Leading tropical fruit producing states in India

Fruits	States
Mango	Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa, West Bengal and Kerala.
Banana	Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal.
Citrus	Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, West Bengal, Gujarat, Assam and North Eastern region.
Papaya	Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Orissa and Tamil Nadu.
Pineapple	West Bengal, Assam, Kerala, Karnataka, Bihar and Orissa
Sapota	Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal.
Grapes	Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab and Tamil Nadu.

CHALLANGES WITH SMART FARMING

2020-05-04T10:36:00.000+05:30

Challanges With Smart Farming

From a technical perspective

ICT technologies and IoT are rapidly changing smart farming and the overall food industry. They have the potential to bring in the future, through large scale deployments, huge benefits in the form of a more sustainable agriculture, ensuring food security with a lower environmental impact and guaranteed healthy food production.

However, reaping the full benefits will require overcoming certain IoT related challenges and barriers, both from technical and non-technical perspective. At the same time, these difficulties bring new opportunities for technological development and value creation considering different type of stakeholders.

1.Interoperability and Standardization

Proprietary architectures, platforms and standards represent a barrier for the wide adoption of IoT in the agri-food sector due to the risks associated to vendor lock-in, incompatibility with other systems, etc. One of the challenges in the agri-food sector is to properly capture its particularities in the definition of new global, open standards and the alignment with existing standardization initiatives from different stakeholders, stemming either from ICT or from agri-food that need to be continuously aligned. In farming and food applications, one must consider farm management and traceability systems, agricultural machinery information exchange (including fleet management), and in general the specific data lifecycle (generation, collection, aggregation, visualization).

2.Enabling IoT devices

Many of the benefits promised by IoT, including continuous and fine-monitoring of parameters and variables, will only come through technological breakthroughs such as the increase of computational power enabling edge computing/analytics, together with the drastic decrease of energy consumption in sensors and actuators to become (almost) energy-autonomous devices. The large-scale scope of farming applications also claims for more intelligence in the devices deployed in the field, including self-configuration and self-management capabilities. In traceability and food safety scenarios there is a clear challenge in developing new and cost-effective sensors communication technologies, as for instance current biosensors, as well RFID and NFC tags are not always viable (compared to the cost of food product), in particular when targeting fine granularity, possibly at the individual product level. Further attention needs to be dedicated to the device characteristics, since food is considered as a commodity with low profit margin and short lifetimes. Compared to tangible products from other sectors (e.g. clothing, furniture, multimedia), direct pairing of IoT with fresh produce is rather impossible often-requiring additional packaging. IoT potentials are not necessarily directly transferrable to food and farm, asking for additional efforts and costs, assuring that enabling IoT devices will neither be harmful to environment, nor the consumers.

3.Enabling Network, Cloud and Communications

Connectivity is essential for making the best out of the IoT. However, IoT intensive precision farming applications take place at food production (farms, aquaculture facility) which are in rural areas where broadband coverage is still far low. At the same time, agri-food is asking for IoT devices with a low power communication profile, even if this reduces bandwidth and communication frequency.

4.Information Services

Generation and collection of data is just the beginning in IoT applications. Extracting value from the data, in the form of meaningful and actionable information for the users, is the final goal. In this regard, although there are already good application examples, information services in the agri-food domain are still in an incipient stage. Short-term developments are mostly aimed at decision support systems, based usually on rules engines. More advanced data planning based on the demand (thus enabling demand-driven farming), are still a challenge in most agri-food applications. At this, object data has to be combined with a wealth of (3 party) archives such as historical and forecasted meteorological data, satellite data, soil, water and air-analyses, logistic systems, and data on prices, logistics, retail, food service, and consumers, diets, etc. In this context. the usability of the information services is also of high interest: farm management systems should be easily adaptable to holdings of different sizes, and with a low learning curve for the user, while facilitating interoperability for horizontal and vertical collaboration of business partners in the agri-food chain.

5.Data Security

Farming and food chain are becoming more and more data-driven, so data here becomes a precious asset. Indeed, the data captured by farming machinery potentially conveys a large amount of information, which is critical to the farmers, such as soil fertility and crop yield, so farmers must have strong guarantees on the protection of their data, in particular in cases where such data is stored (and possibly processed) in cloud-based services. Therefore, many users are currently concerned with data ownership, privacy and security, which too often results in a lack of confidence and a ‘wait-and-see’ attitude. On the other hand, aggregation of data from different farms has the potential for generating huge added value. However, farmers must understand clearly the benefits they will get from such aggregation, as well as having the guarantee that their individual data is properly protected. In other words, Digital Rights Management solutions must be brought to the farming domain, for scenarios of data aggregation and data sharing. This will also facilitate a promotion of data initiatives for agri-food purposes as well as enabling an inter-sectorial collaboration. From a technical security perspective, there are additional challenges to be considered in the domain of trusted data: the integrity and authenticity of the data generated and stored must be guaranteed. In traceability/safety applications, this is relevant to the origin of the product as well as the processing in farming it is for in insurance-related issues. Trustworthiness requirements demand challenging solutions, such as low-cost authentication mechanisms for devices/machines. At the consumer side, security issues must do more with personal data, thus bringing privacy at stake. For instance, IoT applications related to personalized nutrition imply privacy challenges because of personal and behavioral data captured from wearables, smartphones, etc.

6.IoT Platforms

There are numerous IoT platforms, stemming from open source initiatives as well as representing commercial IOT platforms. Besides the challenges with respect to governance, connectivity, fragmentation, interoperability, and stakeholders, it is emphasized that the need for decision support at the application level to capitalize on the IOT, requires a loosely coupled, modular software environment based on APIs to enable endpoint data collection and interaction. This is specifically true for small and medium sized companies representing the majority in farming as well as parts in the food chain. IoT empowered application might be enough to help solving a very particular problem. Applications could help process and interpret data and make suggestions

or give advice. For example: Sensors in the field are measuring the conditions of the soil and consolidate this data in an app that is also predicting rain. Therefore, the farmer is advised against spraying his field that day.

From a non-technical perspective

It is worth to mention other non-technical issues, which are crucial towards development of IoT agriculture application:

Business model

Data driven value chainsopens the door for new disruptive business models in traditional sectors such as farming and food industries. However, the sustainability of IoT-based businesses, both for the supply side (providers of IoT technology) and demand (agri-food users) stakeholders must be investigated, specifically in the context of large-scale deployments. From an end user perspective, the quantifiable benefit and profitability must compensate for the cost of acquiring, operating and maintaining the IoT solutions. Upfront cost of acquiring the IoT platforms and services are currently a real barrier preventing wider adoption, by small-sized farms.

Social aspect

IoT based solutions for the agri-food sector must prove their value massively to the users. IoT technologies enable to capture large amount of data nearly in real time. However, data must be beneficial to and useable for farmers and all the stakeholders across the food chain. The benefits of the technology must be brought to real farming scenarios; thus, dissemination and awareness are essential. An added difficulty in this regard is the heterogeneity of the agri-food value chain. In addition, to get the full benefits of IoT in farming applications it is essential that the users have certain digital skills.

Policy and regulations

Policies play an important role in the widespread deployment of IoT-based innovations in farming and food chains. Such as:

3.1 Formulating clear security/privacy policies for protecting the farmer’s data from unauthorized disclosure and for controlled and secure access to the authorized third parties.

3.2 Supporting faster roll out of broadband internet access in rural areas.

3.3 Enhancing digital skills and inclusions.

Stakeholder involvement

We observe the changing roles of old and new software suppliers in relation to IoT, big data and agri-food. The stakeholder network exhibits a high degree of dynamics with new players taking over the roles played by other players and the incumbents assuming new roles in relation to the agriculture data, information and knowledge. IoT also entails organizational issues of farming and the supply chain. Further technological development may likely result in two supply chain scenarios from a stakeholder perspective. One with further integration of the linear supply chain in which farmers become franchiser. Another scenario in which farmers are empowered by IoT and open collaboration. The latter would enable also small stakeholder to easily switch between suppliers, share data with government and participate in short supply chains rather than integrated long supply chains.

Thing Should Be Consider Before Developing Smart Farming Solution

2020-05-02T23:27:00.001+05:30

Five Things Should Be Consider Before Developing Smart Farming Solution

As we can see, the use cases for IoT in agriculture are endless. There are many ways smart devices can help you increase your farm’s performance and revenue. However, agriculture IoT apps development is no easy task. There are certain challenges you need to be aware of if you are considering investing in smart farming.

1. Hardware

To build an IoT solution for agriculture, you need to choose the sensors for your device (or create a custom one). Your choice will depend on the types of information you want to collect and the purpose of your solution. In any case, the quality of your sensors is crucial to the success of your product— it will depend on the accuracy of the collected data and its reliability.

2. The Brain

Data analytics should be at the core of every smart agriculture solution. The collected data itself will be of little help if you cannot make sense of it. Thus, you need to have powerful data analytics capabilities and apply predictive algorithms and machine learning in order to obtain actionable insights based on the collected data.

3. Maintenance

Maintenance of your hardware is a challenge that is of primary importance for IoT products in agriculture, as the sensors are typically used in the field and can be easily damaged. Thus, you need to make sure your hardware is durable and easy to maintain. Otherwise, you will need to replace your sensors more often than you would like.

4. Mobility

Smart farming applications should be tailored for use in the field. A business owner or farm manager should be able to access the information on site or remotely via a smartphone or desktop computer.

Plus, each connected device should be autonomous and have enough wireless range to communicate with the other devices and send data to the central server.

5. Infrastructure

To ensure that your smart farming application performs well (and to make sure it can handle the data load), you need a solid internal infrastructure.

Furthermore, your internal systems have to be secure. Failing to properly secure your system only increases the likeliness of someone breaking into it, stealing your data, or even taking control of your autonomous tractors.

The Future of Agriculture

2020-04-30T17:00:00.000+05:30

The Future of Agriculture

Agriculture will face many challenges in the future and the growing population will require a drastic increase in food

supply.Every sector of man’s activities continues to experience advancement, especially with the advent of technology. With this understanding, it is important that everyone gets to understand what the future of the sectors look like? So we look into what the future holds for the agricultural sector.

The key feature to the future of agriculture is known to be Smart Farming. Smart farming entails the use of modern technology to improve existing farm practices in order to increase the efficiency and ultimately the quality and quantity of farm products. The major technological tools that’ll facilitate smart farming include:

1.Artificial Intelligence (A.I)

The use of A.I – powered mobile applications such as Plantheus, Agrivi, and Plantix will help to.

Diagnose crop diseases.
Suggest solutions.
Aid communication with local farmers.
Improve and increase crop yield.

2.Drones and Rovers

By equipping aerial vehicles (drones) with surveillance technology and through the use of little A.I.

Farmers will be able to monitor hundreds of acres of farm land from one place
This technology help them to address land and crop issues in real-time.

3.Internet of Things (IoT) and Sensors

IoT connects and integrates objects, people, information and systems for intelligent production and services, and will be used to advance precision, broad reach and efficiency in agriculture.

All these tools will generally help to improve; seeding and planting, harvesting, weed control and crop maintenance, watering and irrigation.

4.Precision farming

Precision farming technologies can help eliminate uncertainty or at least further reduce risks.
Precision farming involves gathering data via connected hardware like GPS-equipped tractors or sensors.
Using technology, the information collected can be analyzed to gather relevant agronomic analysis.
Farmers can then make field-zone-specific decisions in their daily operations.
In a country like India with 11 agro-climatic zones and varying cultivation practices, this can really help farmers increase farm productivity.

5.Continued digitalization

People get excited about driverless cars, but this technology will likely be even more quickly adopted in agriculture.
Self-driving tractors, drones and robots guided by a farmer’s phone or tablet will enable 24/7 farming during critical times of the season.
The integration of artificial intelligence, satellite imagery and sophisticated predictive software will help farmers make key decisions in real time, saving time, money and maybe even a crop from the devastating impact of pests or extreme weather.

6. Focus on soil health

Soil health could very well be the next frontier in farming.
The benefits of reduced tillage in preserving soils and preventing erosion and moisture loss, we are still in our infancy regarding the complexities of the soil biome.
Bayer’s new global partnership with Ginkgo Bioworks is just one example of the many ways Bayer is approaching this new frontier. This new company will look to improve plant-associated microbes and will focus on nitrogen fixation and utilization, which is a crucial need in most crops. If successful, this research could reduce the cost of crop fertilization, while driving down greenhouse gas emissions and the potential for runoff into waterways.

7.Drip irrigation

Agriculture accounts for 70% of all water usage.
The agriculture industry needs to focus on improving water quality and also address water scarcity.
On the water scarcity topic, Bayer implemented the DripByDrip program in partnership with irrigation pioneers Netafim to deliver targeted crop protection via drip irrigation. This method uses sensors and technology to precisely deliver water and targeted crop protection treatments based on specific geographic needs, pest and disease pressures as well as plant life cycle requirements. This water conscious solution also translates into economic savings for farmers.

8. Enhanced hybridization

The use of hybrid seeds enables better heterosis in unfavourable soil and climatic conditions such as saline soils and rainfed ecosystems.
Better water stress tolerance in hybrids ensures good yields even in case of low rainfall as witnessed over the last few years.
Short duration hybrids produce more in less duration and thus consume less water.
Hybrid seeds with inbuilt traits can provide additional disease tolerance. This saves two to three sprays, reduces chemical use on plant and minimizes residue level of chemicals in soil and water.
In hybrid rice, extra root area oxidizes more thus reducing methane emissions by 10-15%, which helps reduce global warming.

Government Jobs After B.Sc Ag

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Govt Jobs After B.Sc Ag

S.No	Organization	Post	Eligibility	Website
1	Union Public Service Commission [UPSC]	Indian Forest Service[IFS]	B.Sc Ag	www.upsc.gov.in
2	Agriculture Scientist Recruitment Board [ASRB]	Agriculture Research Scientist [ARS]	Ph.D Ag	www.asrb.org.in
3	Jayashankar University [PJTSAU]	Assistant Professor/Scientist	M.Sc Ag With NET	www.pjtsau.edu.in
4	Konda Laxman Horticulture University [SKLTSHU]	Assistant Professor/Scientist	M.Sc Ag With NET	www.skltshu.ac.in
5	Forest College & Research Institute [FCRI]	Assistant Professor	M.Sc Ag ,PATH, SST, With NET	www.skltshu.ac.in
6	Department Of Agriculture	Agriculture Officer	B.Sc Ag	www.tspsc.gov.in
6	Department Of Agriculture	Agriculture Extension Officer	Agri Diploma	www.tspsc.gov.in
7	Telangana State Seed & Organic Certification Authority [TSSOCA]	Seed Certification Officer[SCO]	M.Sc Ag	www.tssoca.telangana.gov.in
		Organic Inspector[OI]	Agri Diploma
		Field Assistance [FA]	B.Sc Ag
8	Telangana State Seed Development Corporation[TSSDC]	Seed Officer	B.Sc Ag	www.tssdcl.org
8	Telangana State Seed Development Corporation[TSSDC]	Field Assistance	Agri Diploma	www.tssdcl.org
9	Central Silk Board [CSB]	Scientist B	M.Sc Ag	www.csb.gov.in
9	Central Silk Board [CSB]	Technical Assistant	B.Sc Ag	www.csb.gov.in
10	Directorate of Plant Protection Quarantine Storage [DPPQS]	Technical Officer	M.Sc Ag ,Agro ,Patho Ento	www.ppqs.gov.in
		Senior Technical Officer	Ph.D Ag,,Agro ,Patho Ento
		Plant Protection Officer	M.Sc Ag,,Agro ,Patho Ento
		Assistant Plant Protection Officer	M.Sc Ag,,Agro ,Patho Ento
		Technical Assistant	B.Sc Ag
11	National Seed Corporation[NSC]	Agriculture Trainee	B.Sc Ag	www.Indiaseeds.com
		Technical Assistant	M.Sc Ag
		Management Trainee	M.Sc Ag,,Agro,Seed Tech
		Senior Trainee	M.Sc Ag,,Agro,Seed Tech.
12	Food Corporation of India [FCI]	Assistant Grade-3	B.Sc Ag	www.fci.gov.in
		Management Trainee	M.Sc Ag
		AGM [QC/Technical]	B.Sc Ag
		AGM (general)	M.Sc Ag
13	Central Warehouse Corporation [CWC]	Junior Technical Assistant	B.Sc Ag	www.cewacor.nic.in
		Junior Superintendent	B.Sc Ag
		Management Trainee	M.Sc Ag,Ento &Micro
		Superintendent	M.Sc Ag
14	State Warehouse Corporation [SWC]	Procuring Inspector	B.Sc Ag	www.civilsupplies.telangana.gov.in
		Marketing Inspector	B.Sc Ag
		Assistant Supply Officer	B.Sc Ag
15	Telangana State Marketing Federation [MARKFED]	Marketing Executive	B.Sc Ag	www.tsmarkfed.com
15	Telangana State Marketing Federation [MARKFED]	Field Officer	B.Sc Ag	www.tsmarkfed.com
16	Fertilizers & Chemicals Travancore Ltd [FACT]	Sales Officer	B.Sc Ag	www.fact.co.in
16	Fertilizers & Chemicals Travancore Ltd [FACT]	Management Trainee	M.Sc Ag	www.fact.co.in
17	National Fertilizers Ltd[NFL]	Marketing Representative	B.Sc Ag	www.nationalfertilizers.com
17	National Fertilizers Ltd[NFL]	Management Trainee	M.Sc Ag	www.nationalfertilizers.com
18	Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative Ltd.[IFFCO]	Sales Officer	B.Sc Ag	www.iffco.in
18	Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative Ltd.[IFFCO]	Field Officer	B.Sc Ag	www.iffco.in
19	Krishak Bharati Cooperative Limited[KRIBHCO]	Sales Representative	B.Sc Ag	www.kribhco.net
19	Krishak Bharati Cooperative Limited[KRIBHCO]	Field Officer	B.Sc Ag	www.kribhco.net
20	National Agriculture Cooperative Marketing Federation [NAFED]	Junior Field Representative	B.Sc Ag	www.nafed.india.com
		Marketing Exceutive	M.Sc Ag
		Field Officer	B.Sc Ag
21	Tobacco Board	Field Officer	B.Sc Ag	www.indiatobacco.com
22	Coffee Board	Field Officer	B.Sc Ag	www.indiacoffee.org
		Junior Technical Officer	B.Sc Ag
		Project Assistant	Agri Diploma
23	Telangana State oil Seed Federation Ltd	Deputy Manager	M.Sc Ag With 3 Yr Exp.	www.tsoilfed.com
24	National Bank for Agriculture &Rural Development[NABARD]	Assistant Manager	B.Sc Ag	www.nabard.org
24	National Bank for Agriculture &Rural Development[NABARD]	Manager	B.Sc Ag	www.nabard.org
25	National Institute Of Nutrition[NIN]	Technical Assistant	B.Sc Ag	www.nin.res.in
26	Food Safety & standards Authority of India[FSSAI]	Food Inspector	B.Sc Ag	www.fssai.gov.in
27	Bhabha Atomic Research Centre [BARC]	Technical Assistant	B.Sc Ag	www.baec.gov.in
28	Forest Department	Section Officer	B.Sc Ag	Www.tspsc.gov.in
28	Forest Department	Forest Range Officer	B.Sc Ag	Www.tspsc.gov.in

B.Sc.Agriculture Jobs

2020-04-21T15:37:00.001+05:30

B.Sc.Agriculture Jobs Details

Jobs is destination of every students after study.Placement opportunities for [B.Sc] Agriculture graduates are immense and vast.The area of employment for graduates B.Sc Agri students are:

Colleges & Universities
Agriculture Sector
Agriculture
Directorate of Agriculture - Manipur

B.Sc Job opportunity Details

The job types for graduates of Bachelor of Science [B.Sc] Agriculture are:

Actuarial Analyst
Sales Officer
Agriculture Portfolio Manager
Program Manager
Agriculture Officer
Research/Fundamental Analyst
Primary Production Manager
Farming Consultant/Agronomist
Associate Manager
Agricultural Lecturer
Subject Matter Specialist
Management Executive
Marketing Executive
Project Manager

We can set up own business in the primary economic sector such as farming, plantations, fisheries, mining, cattle rearing, poultry farming,gardening etc. The average minimum salary for a B.Sc Agriculture graduate is around INR 5,00,000 to INR 9,00,000. Government banks also recruit graduates to fill up Officer level posts (generally dealing with loans).

B.Sc.Agriculture Freshers jobs

The wide spectrum of job opportunities available to freshers graduating from [B.Sc] Agriculture course is listed below:

Actuarial Analyst
Sales Officer
Agriculture Officer
Research/Fundamental Analyst
Management Executive
Marketing Executive

B.Sc.Agriculture Private jobs

The wide scope of employability for a graduate in [B.Sc] Agriculture course in the private sector. Here you need personality,good communication and diligence. The job sector is enlisted as below:

ASM
Sales Officer
Program Manager
Research/Fundamental Analyst
Primary Production Manager
Associate Manager
Agricultural Lecturer
Subject Matter Specialist
Management Executive
Marketing Executive
Project Manager

B.Sc.Agriculture Government jobs

The wide scope of employability for a graduate in [B.Sc] Agriculture course in the government sector.They can be hired as Agriculture Development Officers (ADO) and Block Development Officers (BDO). Employment opportunities are available as:

Actuarial Analyst
Sales Officer
Agriculture Portfolio Manager
Program Manager
Agriculture Officer
Agriculture Research Scientist Subject Matter Specialist in different Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs)
Primary Production Manager
Farming Consultant/Agronomist
Associate Manager
Agricultural Lecturer
Subject Matter Specialist
Management Executive
Marketing Executive
Project Manager
Extension Officer Field Officer
AgriPreneurship Seed Technologies Firm
Plantation Manager Research Officer
Officer in Quality Assurance in Related Fields Agriculture Loan Officer in Banks
Production Manager Operations Manager in Fertilizer Units
Business Development Manager Food Processing Units in Government

Salary scale for B.Sc.Agriculture Course

The average course salary offered to [B.Sc] Agriculture course ranges from INR 5 lakhs to 9 lakhs. However, the salary package depends on the sector of employment of the aspirant, their diligence at workplace, seniority, and experience.

B.Sc Agriculture Course , Syllabus And Subjects Lists

2020-04-20T23:07:00.000+05:30

B.Sc. Agriculture Course

Course Level – Undergraduate

Duration – 4 years

Examination Type – Annual

Eligibility – 10+2 in Science stream from a recognized educational board

Admission Process – Entrance exam based

Job Option – Agriculture officer, Assistant Plantation Manager, Agricultural Research Scientist, Agriculture Development Officers, Agriculture Technician, Agriculturists, Business Development Executive, Marketing Executive, etc.

:::::The subjects of B.Sc. Agriculture course are designed in such a way that students grasp all the knowledge related to agriculture and environmental science. The course has specialization like majoring in animal science, plant protection, soil science or agricultural engineering.It is a 4-year professional degree course pursued by aspirants willing to make a career in agriculture science and related disciplines.

The curriculum of B.Sc Agriculture is very broad and interdisciplinary consisting of courses in

Agronomy,

Horticulture,

Plant Pathology,

Entomology,

Agricultural Economics,

Extension education,

Genetics and Plant Breeding,

Soil Science,

Food technology,

Animal Husbandry

The program also includes a compulsory 1 semester Internship (Rural Agricultural Work Experience).

B.Sc.Agriculture Syllabus

Topic	Description
Basic science &Humanities	Comprehension and communication skills in English Fundamental of science and humanities Rural sociology and the constitution
Agriculture Economics	Ø Principle of Agriculture economics Ø Agriculture finance and cooperation Ø Entrepreneurship development Ø Fundamental of agribusiness management
Agriculture engineering	Ø Farm power and machinery Ø Renewable energy Ø Post harvest technology Ø Fundamental of soil water conservation and engineering
Plant Pathology	Ø Introductory nematology Ø Principles of plant pathology Ø Diseases of field & horticultural crops and their management
Agriculture Entomology	Ø Insect morphology Ø Insect ecology & IPM Ø Crop pest and stored grain pests & their management
Plant Breeding & Genetics	Ø Principles of genetics Ø Principles of seed technology Ø Principles of plant breeding Ø Principles of plant biotechnology Ø Fundamental of Biochemistry
Microbiology	Ø Agriculture microbiology Ø Crop physiology
Agriculture Extension	Ø Dimensions of agriculture extension Ø Extension methodologies for transfer of agriculture technology
Soil Science &Agricultural chemistry	Ø Introduction to soil science Ø Soil chemistry, Soil fertility & Nutrient management Ø Manures, fertilizers & Agrochemicals
Agronomy	Ø Principles of agronomy & Meteorology Ø Introductory agriculture Ø Water managements Ø Practical crop production I & II Ø Field crops I Ø Field crops II Ø Field crops III Ø Weed management
Horticulture	Ø Production technology of fruit crops Ø Production technology of vegetables & flowers Ø Production technology of spices, Aromatics , Medicinal & Plantation crops Ø Post harvest Management & value addition of fruits & vegetables

B.Sc.Agriculture Subjects Lists

The subjects pursued in the Bachelor of Science[B.Sc] Agriculture course are enlisted below:

Principles of Analytical Chemistry
Principles of Environmental Sciences
Introduction to Computer Applications
Educational Psychology
Production Economics and Farm Management
Agricultural Marketing, Trade and Prices
Sericulture
Crop Pests and their Management
Principles of Plant Biotechnology
Breeding of Field and Horticulture Crops
Irrigation
Water Management
Plant Biochemistry
Fundamentals of Information Technology
Applied Mathematics etc.

B.Sc. Agriculture Employment Areas

FMCG Companies
Colleges & Universities
Agriculture Sector
Food Processing Companies
Dairy Farms
Fertilizers Companies

B.Sc. Agriculture Job Types

Portfolio Manager Program Manager
Agriculture Officer Research
Fundamental Analyst Farming Consultant
Agronomist Agricultural Lecturer
Actuarial Analyst Agriculture

Advance Courses in B.Sc. Agriculture

M.Sc. (Agriculture)
Ph.D. (Agriculture)

7 Reasons Agriculture Courses Are Trending Right Now

2020-04-20T02:10:00.001+05:30

Reasons are given below

If you’re hoping to become an agricultural development and take over the family farming business, or if you’d like to work in food supply, then you might consider studying agriculture at university. The subject has been gaining momentum over recent years, with enrolment in agriculture courses continuing to rise and a growing demand worldwide for new blood to regenerate the sector from within.

1. Agriculture is the past, present, and the future

The beginning of time, agriculture is among the primary sources of livelihood and it still is up to now. In fact more and more agri courses are being established. The #GoOrganic trend nowadays is another good reason to consider. People are looking for more natural and healthier food and lifestyle alternatives. With a degree in agriculture, you will not only be able to earn but more importantly, become a part in the creation of an environmentally sustainable community.

2.Agriculture involves new technologies

When someone mentions agriculture, it is common to think of an image of a farmer working with a Axe ,Spade plough in a field. But recent advancements in science and technology have brought new machineries and equipment to help people. These innovations have contributed greatly in ensuring the quality of crops, creating new plant strains that are more immune to diseases, and producing more products under varied weather conditions.

3.Wanted: new generation of Agricultrists

There will be a growing number of vacancies to fill over the next few decades, with potentially high wages for young people with ambition and vision. The agricultural sector is in desperate need of new entrants to replace a generation of baby boomers currently a few years before retirement. So, if you’re an aspiring agronomist, horticulturalist, landscape architect or fishery manager, you’re in luck. Your expertise is scarce in the world and vital to modern farming wherever you hope to settle.But agriculture is an essential part of the economy that cannot be neglected. In the coming years, there will be a growing need for farmers, horticulturists, agronomists and other related careers where you can settle.

4.Career advancements

As part of the government’s strategies in addressing the gap concerns, there are plenty of agricultural scholarships that are made available for the youth to help them in pursuing degrees in agriculture. Employees who are working in the Department of Agriculture and in related jobs are encouraged to further their education through MA and Doctorate scholarship programs, research fundings, trainings, and study abroad opportunities. Whether you want to work in the field, inside a lab, or any other environment, agriculture can be a great opportunity for you to explore and grow!

5. Population growth is driving demand for improved efficiency and innovation

By 2050, the global population is on course to reach nine billion people, and they’ll all need to be fed. This population growth will bring real business opportunities in the years to come for young farmers to come in and augment productivity through research, technology and improved methods. Think you’ve got what it takes?

6. Changing attitudes toward animal welfare and the environment are affecting how farmers work

Strains on the environment and farm animals have created a worldwide demand for more research and expertise on compassionate eco-friendly farming practices and solutions. If you’re keen to learn more about animal welfare, the production of food and the preservation of the countryside, agriculture courses will introduce you to the fundamentals and the new techniques being used to sustain production.

7. There is some potential for overseas travel within agricultural development.

Some 75% of the world’s poor depend on agriculture for their livelihoods – but very few have access to advanced training, education and technologies to enable them to live sustainably. If you’re interested in making a real impact and travelling, a degree in agricultural development will prepare you to make a contribution to sustainable farming, forestry and food production in developing countries.

Why student should consider studying agriculture.

2020-04-19T23:14:00.001+05:30

Why student should consider studying Agriculture.

Some people know exactly who they are and what they want to be from the moment they start studying and making job decisions.

Agriculture is no longer viewed simply as growing of crops or animal husbandry. In the modern world, this discipline touches on areas such as business, geography, sociology and conservation.

Studies in Agriculture focus on a combination of factors, from environmental challenges faced by farmers, to the pressure caused by overpopulation and food shortages that concern governments and global corporations.

REASONS ARE GIVEN BELOW FOR CONSIDERING STUDYING AGRICULTURE

1. Student is getting more intrest in agriculture

The trend is growing. Support for the agriculture sector is increasing. The list of reasons is endless. Young people or student are also speaking up for themselves on why they choose agriculture.

2. Agricultural research needs young brainpower

Today, more than before, climate change and a growing demand for nutritious food are for fresh ideas and renewed knowledge to explore ICT in agriculture, foster climate-smart agriculture and innovate in the sector to power future growth.

3. It is now a field vibrant with effective innovations

Agriculture in the developing world has become a field vibrant with effective innovations, thanks to a growing number of young techie minds that make it happen.

4. There are a lot of opportunities for young entrepreneurs

In india there are enough land resources, the young entrepreneur should be encouraged to agriculture as an untapped resource of development.

5. Agriculture has the power to develop the world

When it comes to fighting poverty, agriculture is more effective than other sectors. Agriculture is up to four times more effective than other sectors in reducing poverty.

6. Agriculture is a rapid avenue for employment

Apart from economic benefit, agriculture would contribute to GDP of most African states economy and the rest of the world.

7. Availability mobile applications to make farming easier

Nowadays, most young people in all countries over the world know how to use a mobile phone without training. Interested in practicing right?

8. No Farmer No Food No Future!

Agriculture has enormous potential for eradicating poverty, needs youthful energy and passionate team players.

9.Help the world’s population

The Agriculture industry and its success is vital for the well-being of the people of the world – specifically those in poverty-stricken areas. If your dream is to help alleviate world hunger, then a degree in this sector is a great start. It is also an excellent platform to help create work opportunities for the rural poor in less economically developed countries.

10.Help the environment

Similarly, without individuals working in Agriculture preventing the environment from falling out of shape would be a struggle. Individuals who work in conservation and sustainability are essential!

11. Combine several different academic areas

Whether you are interested in the scientific side, or conversely the active and practical, there is something to suit many different types of learners. The Agriculture industries need it all, from logical statistics interpreters, to people physically planting crops or taking measurements in the field.

12.Postgraduate opportunities are fruitful

The amount of specializations postgraduates can choose during study is substantial. From coastal change to natural resource economics, the list is diverse and fascinating.

13. Jobs are abundantly available

The range of different professions required for the positive development of Agriculture around the globe is vast and dynamic. A career can go down a multitude of different routes, from business management, farming journalism, data analyzing, agricultural sales and marketing, environmental conservation, public recreation, social research and many, many more.

14.Chance to work in a wide range of environments

Whether you work on the other side of the world or stay in the UK, a job within the Agriculture sector allows your office to be indoors, outdoors, or a mixture of both. From practical work to working with data on a computer, the options are endless.

15.Population is increasing

Population is increasing so as the feeding mouth.we have to touched the figure of approx 7 billion globally. The green revolution is an old story for feeding the increasing population. Now we need a new revolution in food nutrition and balanced diet. Agriculture adopt the fast growing sector like plant breeding ,biotechnology, genetics and food technology.

16.Less awareness about agriculture as a carrier

Not only in Pakistan, but in many other world countries, there is always room for more Agricultrists to come in and fill the room the job spaces.But it doesn't means that you will