Agroclimate Blog

Classification of Agricultural Crops in Sri Lanka

2010-12-30T14:33:00.000+09:00

Agriculture crops can be classified in many ways, but there is a standard classification initiated my Department of Agriculture (DOA) of Sri Lanka. Priority given to different types of crops change have change in last two decade. For example Minor export crops (සුලූ අ‍පනයන භෝග) slowly become a significant cash generating crop in expor market. Even though the land area under cultivation is relatively much low, contribution to the GDP is not much lower than major export crops (Tea, Rubber, Coconut). So now term Minor export crops have changed to Export agriculture crops (are not a minor crops any more) also Major export crops have changed to Plantation crops. Also new category of Forest trees are becoming a major industry now and extent under cultivation of Teak, Pinus like trees have increased up to 2% out of total land area in Sri Lanka.

Standard Classification of Agricultural

Crops of Sri Lanka

Plantation Crops

Export Agricultural Crops (Minor)

Timber Crops

Fruit Trees

Forest Trees

Medicinal Plants

Flower Plants

Foliage Plants

Fodder Plants

Field Crops (Food Crops)

Weeds of Sri Lanka

2010-11-25T17:55:00.001+09:00

Everybody talks about negative side of weeds always. Let me explain some possitives of weeds before moving to the negative side. Weeds Control soil erosion. Add nutrients to the soil after decomposition Has a medicinal value. Legumes fix atmospheric nitrogen provide animal and human food. use a mulches sometimes grown as anermental plant. sometimes produce chemical compounds, that prevent pests due to soil.

Now let's see bad side of weeds, which they are really famous for. Weed compete with crop for sun light,water,nutrients,air and decreases the final yield of the crop. Some secrete secretions that are determinist to crop. Eg: synoden dactylon The quality of the production reduces as seeds of weeds get mixed with those of crops. It creates a suitable atmosphere for micro organism by act as an alternative host. Sometimes weeds obstructs irrigation channels and blocks drainage. Weeds can get mechanical injuries to workrs. characters of weeds

life cycle is more or less or similar to plant of the crop or shorter than crop. Different with the type of crop. Weeds and crop plants have small height It is very difficult to separate weed seeds from crop seeds, so that reduce the quality Early maturing therefore ability for rapid vegetative propagation and regeneration Special in favorable condition have high output of seeds They are capable of producing at least a small amount of seeds in unfavorable conditions Seed dormancy and longevity No special environment requirement for germination Seedlings can tolerate adverse conditions Adaptation to long and short distance disposal Good power pf growth ability. they can grow under the adverse condition Strong competitive ability. self pollination. Grows fast and establishes fast. Became visible before molanty Under adverse conditions flower and set fruits Flowers and set fruits and seeds over a long period Seeds remain dormant and viable over a long period.

Taxonomic identification of Cashew Tree

2010-06-27T01:28:00.000+09:00

Familly Name: Anacardiaceae
Common Names:

Sinhala :Cadju (කජු)
Tamil :Mora Nudirihai
English :Cashew

Botnical Name: Anacardium occidentate

Leaf

Type:Petiolated
Shape:obovate
Base:Cuneate
Tip:obtuse
Venation :Reticulate
Margin:Entire
Arrangement:Spiral

Flower

Inflorescence:Terminal Panicle
Yellow, Pink, Short Stalked Flowers

Fruit
Kindney shaped nut on yellowish red juicy stalk.

Trunk

Bark: Smooth to fussed, light gray-brown.
Wood: Whitish-brown, exodates darkens on exposare.

Botanical Identification of Jak Tree

2010-01-12T01:24:00.000+09:00

Familly Name: Moracee

Common Names:

Sinhala :Kos (කොස්)
Tamil :Pala
English :Jak

Botnical Name: Artocarpus heterophyllus

Leaf

Type: Simple
Shape: Ellipic to obovate
Base: Cuneate
Tip: Obtuse
Venation: Lateral
Margin: Entire
Arrangement: Alternate

Flower

Inflorescence: Cauliflorus,Cylindrical

Fruit

Composite Fruit
Green, fleshy, Large

Trunk

Bark: Reddish Brown
Wood: Yellow

Thammanna Search

2009-12-12T00:39:00.000+09:00

Thammanna is a Sri Lankan Search engine. All fo my blogs have high ranking at thammanna search results. Today I add my 2 new blogs. I Love this thing. I rate it as the best Search Engine in Sri Lanka. It has a unique algorithm, search techniques, own way of displaying search results. Still the number of indexed sites are very much lower. Cool thing is it's crawler index sites at the moment of submission. There are lot of things to improve, but I don't know why my blog has a high ranking in thammanna.

Thammanna.com

Monerekudumbiya

2009-12-08T11:05:00.000+09:00

BOTANICAL NAME : Vernonia ceneria
FAMILY : Asteraceae
COMMON NAME : Monerekudumbiya
HABIT : Herb
LIFE CYCLE : Annual

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS :
Stem is 1.5 feet long. Errect growth & branched
seeds have hair. So that it can rapidly shaped by
wind. oval shaped leaves are attached to the stem.
By keeping little distance in each other. small
flowers are Bright Purple stalks.

AGRICULTURE IMPORTANCE :
valuable medicine. Compete with crops for
essential requirements.

PROPAGATION METHOD : By seeds

METHOD OF CONTROL :
By Hand weeding or herbicides.

Fruit Cultivation in Sri Lanka

2009-11-04T02:25:00.000+09:00

Classification of Fruit crops

Tropical - Mango, Rambutan, Banana, Durian, Mangustin, (sweet) oranges,

Sub tropical - Oranges, Mango

Temperate - Apples, Pearce, Peach, Strew berry,

50 fruit crops grown in Sri Lanka Also there are internal variations.
Production systems of fruits.

(i) Wild or uncultivated lands
Some fruits can be gathered from wild of uncultivated lands.
Longan (Mora), woodapple, Bale fruit, Dan, Himbutu
Uncultivated fruit crops contain lot of nutrients.

(ii) Home Garden level
Mango, Banana, Oranges, Guawa, Durian

(iii) commercial cultivation
Banana, Papaya, Mango, Pineapple

Distribution of Fruit cultivation in Sri Lanka

Home garden <0. 25 ha
Small scale 0.25-2 ha
Medium small 2-10 ha
Large scale >10 ha

Cropping patterns

1. Mono crops.
Ex: Banana, Papaya, Fashion fruit

2. Inter crops
Ex: pineapple, Banana, Papaya

3. Mixed crops.
Ex: Home home gardens.

Burn your Feed

2009-08-11T23:56:00.000+09:00

FeedBurner is the leading provider of media distribution and audience engagement services for blogs and RSS feeds.FeedBurner also offers the largest feed and blog advertising network.

FeedBurner

How to make compost

2009-05-12T16:00:00.000+09:00

Learn to make compost. Video from youtube

Meta Tags

2008-12-19T11:39:00.000+09:00

Meta elements provide information about a given webpage, most
often to help search engines categorize them correctly, and are
inserted into the HTML code in the format illustrated above, but are
not visible to a user looking at the site.

They have been the focus of a field of marketing research known as
search engine optimization (SEO), where different methods are explored
to provide a user's site with a higher ranking on search engines. In the
mid to late 90s, search engines were reliant on meta data to correctly
classify a web page and webmasters quickly learned the commercial
significance of having the right meta element, as it frequently led to
a high ranking in the search engines - and thus, high traffic to the web
site.

How to post HTML codes in a blog post

2008-12-19T02:52:00.000+09:00

How to post a HTML tag to your blog?

Use common characters to put the
less than and greater than sign.

This is the tag:

table tag

This is the source code of it:

<table&rt;

How do I capture a screenshot?

#press the PrtScrn or Print Screen key.

#Open Microsoft Paint

#Start ->Programs->Accessories->paint

#Edit->Paste.

#Save your image as image.jpg

2007-08-26T09:40:00.001+09:00

Five kingdoms

Robert Whittaker recognized an additional kingdom for the Fungi. The resulting five-kingdom system, proposed in 1968, has become a popular standard and with some refinement is still used in many works, or forms the basis for newer multi-kingdom systems. It is based mainly on differences in nutrition: his Plantae were mostly multicellular autotrophs, his Animalia multicellular heterotrophs, and his Fungi multicellular saprotrophs. The remaining two kingdoms, Protista and Monera, included unicellular and simple cellular colonies.

Six kingdoms

In the years around 1980 there was an emphasis on phylogeny and redefining the kingdoms to be monophyletic groups, groups made up of relatively closely related organisms. The Animalia, Plantae, and Fungi were generally reduced to core groups of closely related forms, and the others placed into the Protista. Based on rRNA studies Carl Woese divided the prokaryotes (Kingdom Monera) into two kingdoms, called Eubacteria and Archaebacteria. Carl Woese attempted to establish a Three Primary Kingdom (or Urkingdom) system in which Plants, Animals, Protista, and Fungi were lumped into one primary kingdom of all eukaryotes. The Eubacteria and Archaebacteria made up the other two urkingdoms. The initial use of "six Kingdom systems" represents a blending of the classic Five Kingdom system and Woese's Three Kingdom system. Such six Kingdom systems have become standard in many works.

Summery of all classifications, year introduced and number of kingdoms.

Linnaeus (1735) 2 kingdoms
Haeckel (1866) 3 kingdoms
Chatton (1937) 2 empires
Copeland (1956) 4 kingdoms
Whittaker (1969) 5 kingdoms

biological taxonomy

2007-08-26T09:16:00.000+09:00

In biological taxonomy, a kingdom or regnum is a taxon in either the highest rank, orthe rank below domain. Each kingdom is divided into smaller groups called phyla (or in some contexts these are called "divisions"). Currently in textbooks from the United States, a system of six kingdoms (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi,
Protoctista, Archaea and Prokaryota), while in British and Australian textbooks, five kingdoms (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protist, Bacteria) are used.

Carolus Linnaeus distinguished two kingdoms of living things: Animalia for animals and Vegetabilia for plants. Linnaeus divided each kingdom into classes, later grouped into phyla for animals and divisions for plants. When single-celled organisms were first discovered, they were split between the two kingdoms: mobile forms in the animal phylum Protozoa, and colored algae and bacteria in the plant division Thallophyta or Protophyta. However, a number of forms were hard to place, or were placed in different kingdoms by different authors: for example, the mobile alga Euglena and the amoeba-like slime moulds. As a result, Ernst Haeckel suggested creating a third kingdom Protista for them.

Length of the light period

2007-08-19T12:13:00.000+09:00

Certain plants flower only during certain times of the year. One of the reasons for this is that these plants are able to "measure" the length of the night. However, it was thought that it is the day length to which plants reacted and this phenomenon was termed photoperiodism. Photoperiodism can be defined as the relative lengths of daylight and darkness that effect the physiology and behaviour of an organism.

Short-day Plants
Long-day plants
Day-neutral plants

Blog Types

2007-08-19T02:27:00.001+09:00

If your blog is running just to update your friends,
it is a personal blog.If you are writing articles,It is
a public blog.If some friends write together at the
same place,It is a group blog.Coporate blogs are
run by companies.Celebrities have also gotten
into the act with thier fans.

These days everybody talks about blogs. Even

some create blogs for their pets. So you must

have one.

What are Blogs?

2007-08-19T02:21:00.000+09:00

A blog must contain a chronological order of posts
by auther's and should be updated regularly.A blog
is normally a single page of entries.Blogs and Websites
Normal website usually has a home page,with links
to lots of sub web pages.A blog is normally a single
page.There may be archives of older entries.There
may be archives of older entries,But the main page
of a blog is all anyone really cares about.Entries in
a blog usually come from a single author.Basically
a blog is lot like an online diary.

Defferant types of Affiliate Programs

2007-08-12T21:24:00.001+09:00

Affiliate Networks-Sign Up and track a number of
affiliate programs and earnings from one site.
PPC Search Engines-These are pay per click search
engines that pay you per clickthru.
Ad Networks-These networks allow you to add ads to
your site that pay you per click through, cpm, etc.
2-Tier Programs-Affiliate programs that pay you on two
levels of referrals.
Pay Per Sale-Sites that pay a percentage of a sale when
someone you refer buys something of their site.
Pay Per Click-Sites that offer affiliate programs where they
pay per click-through to their site.
Contextual Ads-Ads are displayed on your websites' pages,
based on the content of pages people are viewing.
Pay Per Lead-Programs that pay you for referring people to
their site that signs up for something.
Residual Income-Affiliate programs that pay you lifetime
commissions for your efforts.
Business Opps -Sites that offer business opportunities, work
from home opportunities, etc.
Popups & Banner Ads-Get paid for every 1000 popup, popunder
or banner ad impressions shown on your site.
Multi-Tiered Programs-Lists a number of affiliate programs that
pay you on three levels of referrals or more.
Datafeeds -Affiliate Programs that offers datafeeds. Insert large
amounts of products onto your site.
Articles-Lists a large amount of affiliate program and general
business related articles.

Blog Advertising Programs

2007-08-11T10:26:00.001+09:00

List of money making programes

AdBrite
Allows publishers to sell text ads on their sites

AdEngage
Allows you to sell text ads on your blog.

AdGenta
A kind of manual Adsense
Blog & Feed Ads.

Affiliate Sensor
Contextual affiliate text links

All Feeds
Varied offerings from contextual ads to search ads and affiliate links

Banner Boxes
Contextual looking Adsense like ads

BidClix
Allows publishers to sell text ads on a PPC basis

BidVertiser
Adsense looking ads where advertisers bid for placement by site

Blog Ads
Banners in all shapes and sizes where publishers join groups of similar publishers. Blog specific.
Both Blog & Feed Ads.

CB Pro Sense
Provides auto generation of ClickBank affiliate links

Click Ads Direct
Unclear what the exact model is, but they appear to be pitching the exclusivity angle

Chitika eMiniMalls
Contextually served interactive ads filled by Shopping.com and others. Allows readers to find reviews and more info on products aswell as purchase

Context Web
Description: Adsense look-a-like contextual ads

Info Grabber
Autogenerated contextual links to affilate sites advertising with Commission Junction / Share A Sale

IntelliTXT
Links words in the body of your text contextually to advertisers

Kanoodle BrightAds
Contextual Adsense like ads

Kontera
Very similar to IntelliTXT

Mirago Context Stream
Mirago is a third tier PPC engine, it can deliver contextual PPC results into content.

How to add your blog to search engines.

2007-08-08T10:09:00.001+09:00

Go to google/yahoo and do this search.

“Search engine submition”
You will find millions of Search engines and automated Search engine submition
Systems. Don forget to add meta tags to your blog. Because search engine spiders
can get an idea about your blog content using meta tags. You can copy bellow meta tags and paste them to your blog.

Sri Lankan Search engines

www.pooranee.lk
www.thammanna.com

go to google and find more.

Blog Search engines

www.blogsearch.google.com

Blog pingging services.

www.pingoat.com

Technorati Blog pingging services

Google Blog pingging services

Now I dont need to expose my credit card number to the merchant.

2007-02-04T23:12:00.000+09:00

Tody I open a Paypal Account. I open it to get payed by eBay.
Now I can use Visa Card. PayPal also Accept MasterCard, Discover, and American Express Cards. when I pay with PayPal, I dont need to expose my credit card number to the merchant.
It also help me to recive mony from Adster and eBay.

If you like to open an Account visit PayPay Sign up form here.

Hosting you blog

2006-12-31T03:02:00.000+09:00

You have 2 options.You can host your blog in a
blog site (eg :- blogger.com called as blogspot.com).
You can create a custom URL for your blog,
like www.yourblogname.blogspot.com.you can host
it in another website.Host your blog using FTP
You can chose where you want to publish your blog.
(eg:-yourdomain.com) Blogger uses FTP to send the
source code (HTML code) of your blog.

For better SEO, I recommend to host your blog

in a separate domain. But if you create good content

it doesn't matter where you host it.

How to create a post on your blog (Blogger)

2006-12-31T00:48:00.000+09:00

Creat a post(write articles or comments).Save it as
a Draft or You can Publish it.To publish your post
click the PUBLISH Tab.Then click the "View Blog"
Tab to view your blog.
Edit HTML
To view the source corde of your blog and To edit the
source corde of your blog,Click the "TEMPLATE"tab,
Then click the "Edit HTML" and then you can view
HTML source corde of your blog.

Blogger Beta
Blogging in Blogger new version is stillnot
easy for me.Create a new Incurance Advice
blog inmy blogger new account.

There is a tab called Add a Page Element in
Blogger new.It will make your work easy.

Creating Your Own Blog (with Blogger/Blogspot)

2006-12-30T02:45:00.000+09:00

How to create your blogspot(blogger)blog Step by Step
Creating Your Own "GOOGLE BLOG"(blogger)
Blog is now easy,because there are web based
tools that make the blogging easy and simple.
You can create blogs for Free.The simplicity
of blogging is one of the things that makes
blogging so popular.Bloging tools allow you to
post photos,video,audio files.

1.Go to Blogspot home page
(www.blogger.com/start)

2.Click “Create Your Blog Now” button

3.Give these details
User name : give your name or any name
Password :
Retype Password:
Display name :You can give your nick name
eg-:nano
E-mail :Your email address
eg-:nanopibia@yahoo.com
Select “Acceptance of terms” by checking the box

4. Give a title to your blog
eg-: Soccer,Software,Chemistry,Pets

5. Give a URL to your blog

eg-: yourblogname.blogspot.com
nanopibia.blogspot.com

6.Chose a Template
eg-: Scribe

Now your Blog has been created

Measurement of Agro-climatic factors.

2006-12-29T02:40:00.000+09:00

Measurement of Agro-climatic factors.

Climtic Factor	Units	Instruments used
Rain fall	mm	tipping bucket
Relative humidity	%	Psychrometer
Wind direction		Wind vane
Wind velocity	km/hr	Cup counter anemometer
Evaporation	mm	Evaporimeter
Solar radiation	hr/day	Campbell strokes

General Climatic Conditions of Sri Lanka.

Sunshine

Average sunshine hours per day in Sri Lanka

December-11.40hrs-shortest day
June-12.30hrs-longest day

difference between shortest day and longest day
is 50min.

East & North - 2900 sunshine hours/year

West & Southern lowland - 2500
sunshine hours/year

Highland - 1600 sunshine hours/year

Average Solar Radiation in Sri Lanka
300-500 calories/cm²/day.

In february to march - over 400 calories/cm²/day
In December - 300 calories/cm²/day.

Rain fall

There are four rain seasons in Sri Lanka.
Yala
March – Mid May – Intermonsoon
Mid May – September – South west Monsoon
Maha
Oct. – Nov. – Intermonsoon
Dec. – Feb. – North East monsoon

Monsoon – 7.5months (62.5%)
Intermonsoon – 4.5months (37.5%)

South west Monsoon

200 to >2000 rain fall to
Mid Elevation of South western and western slopes.

North East monsoon

300-1500 rain fall to Nuckless range.

Intermonsoon

March – May High intensity thunderstorms.
Oct. – Nov. More balanced evenly distributed
400-750mm.