<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4833260916268839313</id><updated>2026-10-11T23:48:06.616+01:00</updated><category term="all"/><category term="أدب وفن"/><category term="اختراعات غيرت العالم"/><category term="المجتمعات و تطورها"/><category term="التغييرات الاجتماعية"/><category term="بيولوجيا وجينات"/><category term="فلسفة و فكر"/><category term="قصص ملهمة"/><category term="لغات وثقافات"/><category term="أبحاث وتطورات في الطب"/><category term="استكشاف الكون"/><category term="التطور النفسي و المعرفي"/><category term="التغذية الصحية"/><category term="التغير المناخي وحماية البيئة"/><category term="التنوع البيولوجي و الحياة البرية"/><category term="الذكاء الاصطناعي و الالة"/><category term="الزراعة المستدامة"/><category term="الصحة البدنية و العقلية"/><category term="الصحة النفسية و العقلية"/><category term="الفيزياء و الفضاء"/><category term="تاريخ الحضارات القديمة"/><category term="تطورات التقنية"/><category term="دراسة السلوك البشري و الاجتماعي"/><category term="قضايا المواطنة والهوية"/><title type='text'>اينيوريانيس | inioryanis</title><subtitle type='html'>اكتشف عالماً من الثقافة والمعرفة في مدونتنا، حيث نقدم لك مقالات ممتعة وغنية في مجالات متعددة مثل العلوم، والتاريخ، والصحة، والأدب. نسعى لتوسيع آفاقك من خلال تقديم محتوى متنوع يغذي الفضول ويحفز التفكير. سواء كنت تبحث عن حقائق علمية مشوقة، أو ترغب في استكشاف جوانب من تاريخ الحضارات، أو تبحث عن نصائح صحية مبنية على أسس علمية، ستجد هنا كل ما يشبع شغفك للمعرفة.&#xa;&#xa;</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4833260916268839313/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4833260916268839313/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>Admin </name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15763739130616251359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPWAk3e6CVhLbaBpb10PCEd6meSj_zEAs43BTxJ6wm5VBX0nVVOLxB7mzGovWEZJOQ8x3m8MRFq0p4vcZgH_ucljbT1H5FnJzpSYmAKwcDWAR1-UeLPtyV9poD5dnsONCfz-YJGf-Bdkgt4PktNZ3CXW6hafFy183sVnoEzYps7RRe8SU/s220/%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89.png'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>33</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4833260916268839313.post-3865895980848683919</id><published>2026-02-12T22:05:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2026-02-12T22:05:16.693+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="الزراعة المستدامة"/><title type='text'>تقييم مخزون الكربون العضوي في التربة ومعايرته </title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;img src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwfcxIie3ErwJog5tU2TsV2z7PiIY3XaJsZV9qEzp9X0AJU92ssT5PHW3oV3OONoeliuoDLvGW9E-OohrEyn7SecuphwvsDDgttugFz9nHHVjrNURovY6S_6S1X4IWTgJkRilL6nOhfWSoMcWfroyr0vNOVqxA-3Hh9dWxholEuXR3JlGExEnPzNYIb3K5/s1920/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%88%D9%8A%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%87%20.jpg&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h1 data-path-to-node=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;بروتوكول الشامل لتقييم ومعايرة مخزون الكربون العضوي في التربة: المنهجيات المتقدمة للمراقبة والتحقق والإدارة البيئية المستدامة&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;1&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-38&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;1,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تعد التربة الركيزة الأساسية للحياة على كوكب الأرض، وهي تمثل أكبر خزان بري نشط للكربون، حيث تحتوي على كميات هائلة من المواد العضوية التي تتجاوز في مجموعها الكربون الموجود في الغلاف الجوي والغطاء النباتي مجتمعين.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;1,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;1,2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; إن الفهم العميق لمخزون الكربون العضوي في التربة (Soil Organic Carbon - SOC) ليس مجرد ضرورة علمية لدراسة خصوبة الأرض، بل هو ركيزة استراتيجية في الجهود العالمية للتخفيف من آثار تغير المناخ وتحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة، لا سيما الهدف الخامس عشر المتعلق بحماية النظم البيئية البرية ومكافحة التصحر.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;1,3&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;1,4&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; يتناول هذا التقرير التفصيلي بناء بروتوكول متكامل لتقييم ومعايرة مخزون الكربون، بدءاً من الأهداف البيئية وصولاً إلى الممارسات الإدارية القائمة على النتائج الدقيقة، مع التركيز على المعايير الدولية المعتمدة من قبل منظمة الأغذية والزراعة (FAO) والهيئة الحكومية الدولية المعنية بتغير المناخ (IPCC).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;1,5&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 data-path-to-node=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الأهمية الاستراتيجية لمخزون الكربون العضوي في النظم البيئية والمناخ&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;3&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-39&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;3,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;يمثل الكربون العضوي في التربة المكون الرئيسي للمادة العضوية، وهو يلعب دوراً مزدوجاً في النظام البيئي؛ فهو من جهة يحدد القدرة الإنتاجية للتربة، ومن جهة أخرى يعمل كمخزن حيوي يقلل من تركيز ثاني أكسيد الكربون في الغلاف الجوي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;3,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;3,2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; إن دورة الكربون في التربة هي عملية ديناميكية معقدة تتأثر بالتوازن بين مدخلات الكربون من البقايا النباتية والمخرجات الناجمة عن التحلل الميكروبي والتعرية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;3,3&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;4&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-40&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;4,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تتجلى أهمية مخزون الكربون العضوي في قدرته على تحسين الخصائص الفيزيائية للتربة، مثل تكوين التجمعات الأرضية (Aggregates) التي تزيد من مسامية التربة وقدرتها على الاحتفاظ بالمياه، مما يعزز صمود النظم الزراعية في مواجهة الجفاف.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;4,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;4,2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; من الناحية الكيميائية، يساهم الكربون العضوي في زيادة السعة التبادلية الكاتيونية (CEC)، مما يحسن من توافر العناصر الغذائية للنباتات ويقلل من غسل الأسمدة إلى المياه الجوفية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;4,3&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;4,4&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; أما من الناحية البيئية، فإن التربة التي تفتقر إلى الكربون العضوي تصبح مصدراً صافياً لانبعاثات غازات الاحتباس الحراري، مما يسرع من وتيرة الاحترار العالمي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;4,5&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;5&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-41&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;5,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;جدول 1: توزيع مخزونات الكربون العالمية ودور التربة في الدورة الحيوية &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;5,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table data-path-to-node=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(240, 244, 249); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;thead style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-header-group; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;خزان الكربون&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الكمية التقديرية (بليون طن كربون - Pg C)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الأهمية النسبية&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row-group; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;6,1,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الغلاف الجوي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;6,1,1,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;800&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;6,1,2,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تنظيم المناخ قصير الأمد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;6,2,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الغطاء النباتي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;6,2,1,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;550&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;6,2,2,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;التمثيل الضوئي وتخزين الكربون الحيوي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;6,3,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;التربة (0-100 سم)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;6,3,1,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;2822&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;6,3,2,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;أكبر خزان كربوني بري مستقر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;6,4,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;المحيطات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;6,4,1,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;38,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;6,4,2,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;خزان كربوني عميق طويل الأمد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;7&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-42&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;7,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;إن الحفاظ على مخزونات الكربون الحالية ومنع تدهورها يعد أكثر كفاءة من محاولة استعادتها بعد فقدانها، حيث أن فقدان الكربون من التربة نتيجة الممارسات غير المستدامة، مثل الحرث الجائر أو تحويل الغابات إلى أراضٍ زراعية، يحدث بسرعة كبيرة، بينما تتطلب عملية بناء مخزون جديد سنوات أو عقوداً من الزمن.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;7,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;7,2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; ولذلك، فإن أهداف التقييم يجب أن تركز على تحديد خطوط الأساس (Baselines) بدقة عالية لرصد أي تغيرات زمنية ناتجة عن التغير المناخي أو الإدارة البشرية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;7,3&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 data-path-to-node=&quot;8&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;استراتيجيات أخذ عينات التربة والتمثيل المكاني والزماني&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;9&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-43&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;9,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تعد عملية اختيار مواقع جمع العينات الخطوة الأكثر حرجاً في بروتوكول التقييم، حيث أن التربة بطبيعتها تتسم بتباين مكاني وعمودي كبير.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;9,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;13&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;9,2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; إن تصميم شبكة أخذ العينات يجب أن يضمن تمثيل التنوع في أنواع التربة، والمناخ، واستخدامات الأراضي، والممارسات الإدارية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;9,3&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;التصميم الإحصائي واختيار المواقع&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;11&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-44&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;11,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;توصي البروتوكولات المتقدمة مثل (NRCS CEMA 221) و (FAO GSOC) باستخدام استراتيجيتين أساسيتين لأخذ العينات بناءً على تجانس المنطقة &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;11,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;11,2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol data-path-to-node=&quot;12&quot; start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding-inline-start: 32px; padding: 0px 28px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;12,0,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-45&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;12,0,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;12,0,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;أخذ العينات الموحد (Uniform Sampling)&lt;/b&gt;: يتم تطبيقه في الحقول التي يسود فيها نوع واحد من التربة وتاريخ إداري متماثل. في هذه الحالة، يتم تحديد 6 مواقع عشوائية على الأقل لجمع العينات لضمان التمثيل الإحصائي للمنطقة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;12,0,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;12,1,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-46&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;12,1,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;12,1,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;أخذ العينات الطبقي (Stratified Sampling)&lt;/b&gt;: يستخدم عندما تظهر المنطقة تبياناً واضحاً في التضاريس أو أنواع التربة. يتم تقسيم المنطقة إلى طبقات (Strata) بناءً على خرائط التربة أو صور الأقمار الصناعية، ومن ثم تؤخذ عينات عشوائية من كل طبقة. على سبيل المثال، إذا كانت المنطقة تضم منحدرات وسهول، يجب معاملة كل منهما كطبقة منفصلة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;12,1,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;13&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الطبقات العمودية والأعماق الزمنية&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;14&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-47&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;14,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;نظراً لأن الكربون العضوي يتركز في الطبقات السطحية ويتناقص تدريجياً مع العمق، فإن الاكتفاء بالطبقة السطحية (0-15 سم) يعطي صورة منقوصة عن المخزون الكلي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;14,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;14,2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; البروتوكولات الدولية المعتمدة تفرض جمع العينات من أربع طبقات عمق لضمان مراقبة الكربون طويل الأمد في الطبقات التحتية &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;14,3&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;14,4&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul data-path-to-node=&quot;15&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding-inline-start: 32px; padding: 0px 27px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;15,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;15,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;0-15 سم&lt;/b&gt;: الطبقة الأكثر تأثراً بالممارسات الزراعية والتحلل الميكروبي.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;15,1,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;15,1,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;15-30 سم&lt;/b&gt;: الطبقة التي تمثل الحد الفاصل بين النشاط السطحي والتربة التحتية.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;15,2,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;15,2,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;30-60 سم&lt;/b&gt;: طبقة هامة لتخزين الكربون المستقر.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;15,3,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-48&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;15,3,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;15,3,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;60-100 سم&lt;/b&gt;: ضرورية لحساب المخزون الكلي حتى عمق متر واحد، وهو المعيار الدولي للمقارنات العالمية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;15,3,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;16&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;التوقيت والRepeatability&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;17&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-49&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;17,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;لضمان إمكانية تكرار القياسات (Repeatability)، يجب تسجيل إحداثيات المواقع بدقة باستخدام تقنية (GPS). من الناحية الزمنية، يجب جمع العينات في أوقات استقرار الرطوبة والحرارة، ويفضل أن يكون ذلك قبل الزراعة أو بعد الحصاد، مع تجنب التربة المشبعة بالمياه أو المتجمدة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;17,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;17,2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; في مشاريع مراقبة الكربون، يجب إعادة أخذ العينات من نفس المواقع الجغرافية بعد فترة لا تقل عن 5 سنوات للكشف عن التغيرات الجوهرية في المخزون.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;17,3&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 data-path-to-node=&quot;18&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;المنهجيات المخبرية المتقدمة لتقدير الكربون العضوي&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;19&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تتنوع الطرق المخبرية لتقدير الكربون العضوي، وتتراوح بين الطرق الكيميائية التقليدية والتقنيات الآلية الحديثة. إن اختيار الطريقة المناسبة يعتمد على مستوى الدقة المطلوب وحجم العينات المتوفرة.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;طريقة الحرق الجاف (Dry Combustion - Dumas Method)&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;21&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-50&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;21,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تعتبر طريقة الحرق الجاف هي &quot;المعيار الذهبي&quot; لتقدير الكربون الكلي في التربة نظراً لدقتها العالية وتكراريتها الممتازة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;21,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;15&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;21,2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; تعتمد هذه التقنية على تسخين عينة التربة (المجففة والمطحونة) في درجات حرارة تتراوح بين 900 إلى 1050 درجة مئوية في وجود أكسجين نقي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;21,3&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;15&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;21,4&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; يتم تحويل كل الكربون الموجود في العينة إلى ثاني أكسيد الكربون (&lt;span class=&quot;math-inline&quot; data-index-in-node=&quot;64&quot; data-math=&quot;CO_2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;$CO_2$&lt;/span&gt;)، الذي يتم قياسه بواسطة كاشف الأشعة تحت الحمراء غير المشتت (NDIR) أو كاشف التوصيل الحراري (TCD).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;21,5&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;16&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;22&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-51&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;22,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;في حالات التربة التي تحتوي على كربونات (مثل التربة الكلسية ذات الأس الهيدروجيني &amp;gt; 7.3)، يجب إزالة الكربون غير العضوي أولاً باستخدام عملية التحميض بحمض الهيدروكلوريك (HCl) لضمان أن النتائج تعبر فقط عن الكربون العضوي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;22,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;16&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;23&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;طريقة الأكسدة الرطبة (Walkley-Black Method)&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;24&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-52&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;24,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تعتمد هذه الطريقة التقليدية على أكسدة الكربون العضوي باستخدام ثنائي كرومات البوتاسيوم (&lt;span class=&quot;math-inline&quot; data-index-in-node=&quot;87&quot; data-math=&quot;K_2Cr_2O_7&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;$K_2Cr_2O_7$&lt;/span&gt;) في وسط حمضي قوي (&lt;span class=&quot;math-inline&quot; data-index-in-node=&quot;116&quot; data-math=&quot;H_2SO_4&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;$H_2SO_4$&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;24,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;24,2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; يتم استغلال حرارة التفاعل لأكسدة المادة العضوية، ثم يتم تقدير كمية ثنائي الكروم المتبقية عن طريق المعايرة بملح مور (Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;24,3&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;25&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-53&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;25,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;على الرغم من شيوع هذه الطريقة لرخص تكلفتها، إلا أنها تعاني من عيوب جوهرية، منها التقدير الناقص للكربون (حيث تؤكسد حوالي 60-86% فقط من الكربون العضوي الكلي)، مما يستدعي استخدام عامل تصحيح تجريبي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;25,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;25,2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; بالإضافة إلى ذلك، فإن هذه الطريقة تنتج نفايات كيميائية سامة (الكروم السداسي)، مما يجعلها أقل استدامة بيئياً مقارنة بالحرق الجاف.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;25,3&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;16&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;26&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;التحليل الطيفي بالأشعة تحت الحمراء (NIR and MIR Spectroscopy)&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;27&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-54&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;27,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تمثل تقنيات التحليل الطيفي القريب (NIR) والمتوسط (MIR) ثورة في تقييم التربة، حيث تسمح بتقدير الكربون العضوي وخصائص أخرى بسرعة كبيرة ودون الحاجة لمواد كيميائية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;27,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;22&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;27,2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; تعتمد هذه التقنيات على استجابة الروابط الكيميائية للمادة العضوية (مثل C-H و O-H) للإشعاع الكهرومغناطيسي، مما ينتج بصمة طيفية فريدة لكل عينة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;27,3&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;25&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;28&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-55&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;28,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تتطلب هذه الطرق بناء نماذج معايرة رياضية تربط البيانات الطيفية بالبيانات المرجعية التي تم الحصول عليها بطرق الحرق الجاف. تعد تقنية (MIR) أكثر دقة من (NIR) في تقدير الكربون لأنها تلتقط الاهتزازات الأساسية للروابط الكيميائية بشكل أوضح.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;28,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;23&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;29&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-56&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;29,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;جدول 2: مقارنة تقنية بين طرق تقدير الكربون العضوي في المختبر &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;29,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table data-path-to-node=&quot;30&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(240, 244, 249); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;thead style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-header-group; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الطريقة&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;المبدأ العلمي&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الدقة&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;المميزات&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;العيوب&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row-group; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,1,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الحرق الجاف (Dumas)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,1,1,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;أكسدة حرارية كاملة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,1,2,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;عالية جداً&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,1,3,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;أتمتة كاملة، سرعة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,1,4,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تكلفة الجهاز عالية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,2,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الأكسدة الرطبة (W&amp;amp;B)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,2,1,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;أكسدة كيميائية بالكروم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,2,2,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;متوسطة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,2,3,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;منخفضة التكلفة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,2,4,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;نفايات سامة، تقدير ناقص&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,3,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;التحليل الطيفي (MIR)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,3,1,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;استجابة طيفية للروابط&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,3,2,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;عالية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,3,3,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;سريعة، غير مدمرة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,3,4,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تتطلب مكتبة طيفية ضخمة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,4,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;فقد الوزن عند الاشتعال&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,4,1,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;احتراق المادة العضوية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,4,2,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;منخفضة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,4,3,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;سهولة التنفيذ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,4,4,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تتأثر بمعادن الطين&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;h2 data-path-to-node=&quot;31&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;معايرة المعدات وإجراءات ضبط الأجهزة لضمان الدقة&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;32&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تعد معايرة الأجهزة الركيزة الأساسية لموثوقية النتائج في أي مختبر تربة متقدم. يتطلب بروتوكول المعايرة إجراءات دورية صارمة للتأكد من أن الأجهزة تعمل ضمن حدود الخطأ المسموح بها.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;33&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;معايرة محللات الكربون والنيتروجين (CN Analyzers)&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;34&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-57&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;34,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;لضمان دقة أجهزة الحرق الجاف، يجب اتباع سلسلة من الخطوات المنهجية &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;34,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;34,2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol data-path-to-node=&quot;35&quot; start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding-inline-start: 32px; padding: 0px 28px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;35,0,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-58&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;35,0,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;35,0,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;المواد القياسية المرجعية&lt;/b&gt;: يتم استخدام مواد كيميائية نقية ذات محتوى كربوني ونتروجيني معلوم بدقة، مثل الأسيتانيليد (Acetanilide %C=71.09) أو حمض الأسبارتيك أو سلفانيلاميد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;35,0,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;35,1,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-59&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;35,1,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;35,1,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;بناء منحنى المعايرة&lt;/b&gt;: يتم حرق أوزان مختلفة من المادة القياسية لإنشاء علاقة خطية أو تربيعية بين الوزن واستجابة الكاشف. يجب أن يغطي النطاق كافة التراكيز المتوقعة في عينات التربة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;35,1,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;35,2,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-60&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;35,2,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;35,2,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تصحيح الانجراف (Drift Correction)&lt;/b&gt;: أثناء التشغيل المتواصل، قد تتأثر استجابة الكاشف بتراكم الرماد أو تغير درجة الحرارة. يجب إدراج &quot;عينات مرجعية داخلية&quot; كل 10-15 عينة لمراقبة أي انزياح في النتائج وتصحيحه برمجياً.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;35,2,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;18&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;35,3,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-61&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;35,3,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;35,3,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الغازات الحاملة والأكسجين&lt;/b&gt;: يجب ضمان نقاء الغازات (الهيليوم كغاز حامل والأكسجين كغاز حرق) ومراقبة معدلات التدفق بدقة، حيث أن أي تذبذب يؤثر على كفاءة الاحتراق والقياس.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;35,3,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;36&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;معايرة الموازين التحليلية&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;37&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-62&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;37,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;بما أن تحاليل الكربون تعتمد على أوزان صغيرة جداً (غالباً 15-50 ملجم)، فإن أي خطأ في الوزن يؤدي إلى خطأ جسيم في النتيجة النهائية. يجب استخدام موازين دقيقة (Microbalances) قادرة على القراءة حتى 0.001 ملجم، ومعايرتها دورياً باستخدام أوزان قياسية معتمدة من قبل مختبرات وطنية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;37,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;19&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 data-path-to-node=&quot;38&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;معالجة وتحليل البيانات: منهجية حساب المخزون والنماذج الإحصائية&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;39&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-63&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;39,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;لا يقتصر تقييم الكربون على معرفة التركيز المئوي (%)، بل يجب تحويل هذه النسبة إلى &quot;مخزون&quot; يعبر عن كتلة الكربون في وحدة المساحة حتى عمق معين.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;39,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;29&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;40&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;المعادلات الحسابية وتصحيح الصخور&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;41&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-64&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;41,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;لحساب مخزون الكربون العضوي (&lt;span class=&quot;math-inline&quot; data-index-in-node=&quot;28&quot; data-math=&quot;SOC_{stock}&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;$SOC_{stock}$&lt;/span&gt;) بوحدة (طن/هكتار أو مجم كربون/سم²)، تستخدم المعادلة التالية &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;41,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;41,2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;:
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div data-path-to-node=&quot;42&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;math-block&quot; data-math=&quot;SOC_{stock} = SOC_{conc} \times BD \times Depth \times (1 - \delta)&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;$$SOC_{stock} = SOC_{conc} \times BD \times Depth \times (1 - \delta)$$&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;43&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;حيث:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul data-path-to-node=&quot;44&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding-inline-start: 32px; padding: 0px 27px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;44,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;math-inline&quot; data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-math=&quot;SOC_{conc}&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;$SOC_{conc}$&lt;/span&gt;: تركيز الكربون العضوي (جم كربون / كجم تربة ناعمة).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;44,1,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;math-inline&quot; data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-math=&quot;BD&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;$BD$&lt;/span&gt;: الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة (جم / سم³).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;44,2,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;math-inline&quot; data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-math=&quot;Depth&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;$Depth$&lt;/span&gt;: عمق الطبقة المقاسة (سم).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;44,3,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-65&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;44,3,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;math-inline&quot; data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-math=&quot;\delta&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;$\delta$&lt;/span&gt;: كسر حجم الشظايا الصخرية (&amp;gt; 2 ملم)، وهي نسبة مئوية تعبر عن الفراغ الذي تشغله الصخور والذي لا يحتوي على كربون عضوي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;44,3,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;29&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;45&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-66&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;45,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;من الناحية العلمية الدقيقة، يجب الانتباه إلى أن العديد من المختبرات تخطئ في حساب الكثافة الظاهرية عند وجود صخور. الطريقة الصحيحة (التي يشار إليها بالمنهجية الرابعة M4) تتطلب حساب كثافة &quot;التربة الناعمة&quot; فقط واستبعاد حجم وكتلة الصخور من الحساب لضمان عدم المبالغة في تقدير المخزون.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;45,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;29&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;46&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;النمذجة الإحصائية والخرائط الرقمية&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;47&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-67&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;47,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;بعد الحصول على البيانات النقطية، يتم استخدام الإحصاء الجغرافي (Geostatistics) لإنشاء خرائط توزيع الكربون. تبرز عدة نماذج في هذا المجال &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;47,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;32&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;47,2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul data-path-to-node=&quot;48&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding-inline-start: 32px; padding: 0px 27px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;48,0,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-68&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;48,0,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;48,0,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الكريجينج العادي (Ordinary Kriging)&lt;/b&gt;: يعتمد على الارتباط المكاني بين العينات لتقدير القيم في المناطق غير المقاسة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;48,0,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;32&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;48,1,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-69&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;48,1,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;48,1,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الغابات العشوائية (Random Forest)&lt;/b&gt;: نموذج تعلم آلة متقدم يستخدم لربط الكربون بمتغيرات مساعدة مثل الارتفاع، الانحدار، المناخ، والغطاء النباتي. أثبتت هذه الطريقة كفاءة عالية في التعامل مع البيانات غير الخطية والظروف الطبوغرافية المعقدة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;48,1,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;32&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;48,2,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-70&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;48,2,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;48,2,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;النماذج الهجينة (Hybrid Models)&lt;/b&gt;: مثل (Random Forest Regression Kriging - RFRK)، الذي يجمع بين قدرة الغابات العشوائية على التنبؤ ودقة الكريجينج في معالجة بواقي الخطأ، مما يعطي أدق الخرائط الرقمية للتربة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;48,2,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;34&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h2 data-path-to-node=&quot;49&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;معايير الجودة والرقابة المخبرية لضمان مصداقية التقييم&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;50&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-71&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;50,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;لضمان أن البيانات المنتجة قابلة للمقارنة دولياً وصالحة للاستخدام في أسواق الكربون أو الأبحاث العلمية، يجب اتباع نظام صارم لضبط الجودة (Quality Assurance/Quality Control) يتماشى مع معايير شبكة (GLOSOLAN).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;50,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;51&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الرقابة الداخلية (Internal QC)&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;52&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تتضمن الإجراءات اليومية داخل المختبر لضمان استقرار الأداء:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul data-path-to-node=&quot;53&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding-inline-start: 32px; padding: 0px 27px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;53,0,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-72&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;53,0,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;53,0,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;العينات المكررة (Replicates)&lt;/b&gt;: يجب تحليل 10% على الأقل من العينات بشكل مزدوج لتقييم مدى دقة الطريقة وتكراريتها. يجب أن يكون معامل الاختلاف (CV%) ضمن حدود مقبولة (غالباً &amp;lt; 5%).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;53,0,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;27&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;53,1,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-73&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;53,1,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;53,1,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;عينات التحكم الداخلية (Internal Standards)&lt;/b&gt;: عينات تربة محلية ذات قيم معلومة يتم تحليلها مع كل دفعة عينات (Batch). يتم رصد نتائجها على &quot;مخططات التحكم&quot; (Control Charts) لتحديد حدود العمل (Action Limits) وحدود التحذير (Warning Limits).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;53,1,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;27&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;54&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الرقابة الخارجية (External QC)&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul data-path-to-node=&quot;55&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding-inline-start: 32px; padding: 0px 27px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;55,0,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-74&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;55,0,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;55,0,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;اختبارات الكفاءة (Proficiency Testing)&lt;/b&gt;: المشاركة في برامج دولية حيث يتم تحليل نفس العينات في مئات المختبرات حول العالم لمقارنة النتائج وكشف أي أخطاء نظامية (Bias) في المختبر.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;55,0,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;22&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;55,1,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-75&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;55,1,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;55,1,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;التوثيق والشفافية&lt;/b&gt;: يجب أن يتضمن التقرير النهائي تفاصيل حول طرق التحضير (التجفيف، الطحن، النخل)، وطريقة التحليل، ونظام المعايرة المستخدم، لضمان إمكانية تتبع البيانات (Traceability).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;55,1,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h2 data-path-to-node=&quot;56&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تفسير النتائج والتوصيات الإدارية لتحسين مخزون الكربون&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;57&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تعد مرحلة تفسير النتائج هي الثمرة العملية لبروتوكول التقييم، حيث يتم تحويل الأرقام إلى قرارات إدارية تهدف إلى تحسين صحة التربة وزيادة تخزين الكربون.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;58&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;معايير تقييم جودة التربة بناءً على الكربون&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul data-path-to-node=&quot;59&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding-inline-start: 32px; padding: 0px 27px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;59,0,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-76&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;59,0,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;59,0,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;عتبة الـ 2%&lt;/b&gt;: تشير الدراسات الزراعية العالمية إلى أن مستويات الكربون العضوي التي تقل عن 2% في الطبقة السطحية ترتبط بتدهور بنية التربة وانخفاض كفاءة استخدام الأسمدة وانخفاض الإنتاجية في محاصيل الحبوب مثل القمح والذرة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;59,0,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;9&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;59,1,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-77&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;59,1,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;59,1,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;نسبة الكربون إلى الطين (SOC/Clay Ratio)&lt;/b&gt;: تعتبر مؤشراً قوياً على الاستقرار الهيكلي للتربة. النسبة المثالية هي 0.13 أو أعلى، بينما تشير النسبة الأقل من 0.08 إلى تربة متدهورة فيزيائياً ومعرضة للانضغاط والتعرية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;59,1,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;39&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;59,2,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-78&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;59,2,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;59,2,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;مؤشرات التدهور&lt;/b&gt;: في المراعي، يعد انخفاض مخزون الكربون تحت مستويات مرجعية (Baseline) دليلاً على الرعي الجائر أو تدهور الغطاء النباتي، مما يستدعي تدخلات فورية لإعادة التأهيل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;59,2,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;40&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;60&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;توصيات الإدارة المستدامة للتربة (SSM)&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;61&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-79&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;61,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;بناءً على التقييم، يمكن اقتراح استراتيجيات &quot;إعادة كربنة&quot; التربة (Recarbonization) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;61,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;61,2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol data-path-to-node=&quot;62&quot; start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding-inline-start: 32px; padding: 0px 28px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;62,0,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-80&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;62,0,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;62,0,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الزراعة الحافظة&lt;/b&gt;: تشمل تقليل الحرث (No-till) أو انعدامه، مما يحمي المادة العضوية من الأكسدة السريعة ويحافظ على تجمعات التربة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;62,0,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;62,1,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-81&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;62,1,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;62,1,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تغطية التربة&lt;/b&gt;: استخدام البقايا النباتية والمحاصيل الغطائية (Cover crops) لزيادة مدخلات الكربون العضوي وحماية السطح من التعرية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;62,1,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;62,2,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-82&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;62,2,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;62,2,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الإدارة المتكاملة للمغذيات&lt;/b&gt;: إضافة الأسمدة العضوية (الكمبوست والسماد الحيواني) يعزز الكتلة الحيوية الميكروبية ويزيد من استقرار الكربون في التربة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;62,2,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;62,3,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-83&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;62,3,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;62,3,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;النظم الحراجية والزراعية&lt;/b&gt;: دمج الأشجار في النظم الزراعية يزيد من تخزين الكربون في الكتلة الحيوية فوق الأرض وفي الجذور العميقة التي تصل إلى طبقات التربة التحتية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;62,3,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: list-item; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;62,4,0&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-84&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;62,4,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node=&quot;0&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;62,4,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;إدارة المراعي&lt;/b&gt;: تطبيق الرعي الدوري المنظم يسمح للغطاء النباتي بالتعافي ويزيد من إفرازات الجذور الكربونية في التربة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;62,4,0,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;63&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-85&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;63,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;جدول 3: ممارسات الإدارة وتأثيرها المتوقع على مخزون الكربون العضوي &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;63,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table data-path-to-node=&quot;64&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(240, 244, 249); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;thead style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-header-group; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الممارسة الإدارية&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;آلية التأثير&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;معدل الزيادة المتوقع&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row-group; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;64,1,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الزراعة بدون حرث&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;64,1,1,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تقليل الأكسدة، حماية التجمعات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;64,1,2,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;متوسط&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;64,2,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;إضافة الأسمدة العضوية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;64,2,1,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;مدخلات كربونية مباشرة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;64,2,2,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;مرتفع&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;64,3,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;المحاصيل الغطائية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;64,3,1,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;زيادة البقايا النباتية، حماية التربة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;64,3,2,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;متوسط إلى مرتفع&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;64,4,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;التحريج الزراعي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;64,4,1,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تخزين كربوني عميق (الجذور)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;64,4,2,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;مرتفع جداً&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;64,5,0,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الرعي المنظم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;64,5,1,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تعزيز نمو الجذور والكتلة الحيوية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;64,5,2,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;متوسط&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;65&quot; id=&quot;p-c_78991c7456818a2a_5a7508a2-4c19-47d5-8639-96d857409a5d-86&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;65,0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;في الختام، يمثل هذا البروتوكول منهجية علمية متكاملة تضمن الحصول على نتائج دقيقة وموثوقة لمخزون الكربون العضوي. إن التحول نحو ممارسات الإدارة المستدامة القائمة على التقييم الدقيق ليس فقط وسيلة لتحسين الإنتاج الزراعي، بل هو مساهمة حقيقية في الجهود الدولية لحماية الكوكب من التغيرات المناخية المتسارعة، مما يضمن استدامة الموارد للأجيال القادمة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;65,1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important; font-size: 16px !important; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15 !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) none 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;

تسرنا زيارتك و تهمنا مشاركتك 

لا تنسى زيارتنا هنا 
https://jil22.yoo7.com/&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/feeds/3865895980848683919/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/2026/02/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4833260916268839313/posts/default/3865895980848683919'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4833260916268839313/posts/default/3865895980848683919'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/2026/02/blog-post.html' title='تقييم مخزون الكربون العضوي في التربة ومعايرته '/><author><name>Admin </name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15763739130616251359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPWAk3e6CVhLbaBpb10PCEd6meSj_zEAs43BTxJ6wm5VBX0nVVOLxB7mzGovWEZJOQ8x3m8MRFq0p4vcZgH_ucljbT1H5FnJzpSYmAKwcDWAR1-UeLPtyV9poD5dnsONCfz-YJGf-Bdkgt4PktNZ3CXW6hafFy183sVnoEzYps7RRe8SU/s220/%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwfcxIie3ErwJog5tU2TsV2z7PiIY3XaJsZV9qEzp9X0AJU92ssT5PHW3oV3OONoeliuoDLvGW9E-OohrEyn7SecuphwvsDDgttugFz9nHHVjrNURovY6S_6S1X4IWTgJkRilL6nOhfWSoMcWfroyr0vNOVqxA-3Hh9dWxholEuXR3JlGExEnPzNYIb3K5/s72-c/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%88%D9%8A%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%87%20.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4833260916268839313.post-150833161405761888</id><published>2026-02-12T21:20:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2026-02-12T21:20:05.908+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="التنوع البيولوجي و الحياة البرية"/><title type='text'>تقييم فعالية اتفاقية التنوع البيولوجي لـ CBD في تحقيق الأهداف العالمية</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;img src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwdwt5CcR2SJOfSvqS-rhMnDhNUzkU4eVa-c_QXI6rfGLz_RmRqnnUnmwe9czahqDQut3W7JpXKsufBvfIwFEPDYveJ_ra7of36M-fIWEk9shFu81WfAOS6J8oDIReyNDUv1Iz9UVYcyJfvcuvOWdNhcsf38FrvGuRs4oxFvM0qnPKC-mJoNB2SjsEXFHq/s1920/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%20%D9%84%D9%80%20CBD%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9%20.jpg&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h1 data-path-to-node=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;h1 data-path-to-node=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;فعالية اتفاقية التنوع البيولوجي (CBD) في ميزان التقييم العالمي: من أهداف أيشي إلى إطار كونمينغ-مونتريال&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;1&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-16&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;1,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;يمثل التنوع البيولوجي الركيزة الأساسية للحياة على كوكب الأرض، حيث يوفر الخدمات البيئية الضرورية التي يعتمد عليها الاستقرار الاقتصادي والاجتماعي العالمي. ومع ذلك، تشير التقارير العلمية الصادرة عن المنبر الحكومي الدولي للعلوم والسياسات في مجال التنوع البيولوجي وخدمات النظم البيئية (IPBES) إلى أن النشاط البشري قد أدى إلى تدهور 75% من البيئة البرية وحوالي 66% من البيئة البحرية، مما يضع مليون نوع من الكائنات الحية تحت تهديد الانقراض.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;1,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;1,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; وفي هذا السياق، تبرز اتفاقية التنوع البيولوجي (CBD) كأهم صك قانوني دولي يسعى لتحقيق توازن مستدام بين الحفاظ على الطبيعة واحتياجات التنمية البشرية. إن الانتقال التاريخي من &quot;أهداف أيشي&quot; التي شهدت تعثراً في التنفيذ، إلى &quot;إطار كونمينغ-مونتريال العالمي للتنوع البيولوجي&quot; (KMGBF) الذي اعتمد في ديسمبر 2022، يمثل محاولة طموحة لإعادة صياغة العلاقة بين الإنسان والطبيعة عبر أهداف &quot;SMART&quot; (محددة، قابلة للقياس، طموحة، ذات صلة، ومحددة زمنياً).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;1,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 data-path-to-node=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تحليل الأهداف العالمية لاتفاقية التنوع البيولوجي: الركائز والآليات&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;3&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-17&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;3,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تستند اتفاقية التنوع البيولوجي إلى ثلاث ركائز أساسية تشكل مجتمعة إطار عمل التنمية المستدامة والعدالة البيئية. الركيزة الأولى هي الحفاظ على التنوع البيولوجي، والثانية هي الاستخدام المستدام لمكوناته، والثالثة هي التقاسم العادل والمنصف للمنافع الناشئة عن استخدام الموارد الجينية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;3,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;3,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; وقد تم تطوير هذه الأهداف في إطار كونمينغ-مونتريال لتشمل 23 هدفاً إجرائياً لعام 2030 وأربعة أهداف غائية لعام 2050.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;3,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;ركيزة الحفاظ على النظم البيئية والأنواع&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;5&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-18&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;5,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;يركز الهدف الثالث من الإطار العالمي (KMGBF)، المعروف بمبادرة &quot;30x30&quot;، على ضمان حماية 30% على الأقل من اليابسة والمياه الداخلية والمناطق الساحلية والبحرية بحلول عام 2030.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;5,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;5,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; هذا الهدف لا يتوقف عند المساحة الجغرافية فقط، بل يشترط أن تكون هذه المناطق محمية بفعالية وممثلة إيكولوجياً ومتصلة جيداً.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;5,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;5,4&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; ويهدف الهدف الأول إلى ضمان أن تكون جميع المناطق تحت تخطيط مكاني شامل وشامل للتنوع البيولوجي لمعالجة تغير استخدام الأراضي والبحار، بينما يطالب الهدف الثاني باستعادة 30% على الأقل من النظم البيئية المتدهورة بحلول عام 2030 لتعزيز الوظائف البيئية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;5,5&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;ركيزة الاستخدام المستدام للموارد الطبيعية&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;7&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-19&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;7,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تدرك الاتفاقية أن البشر جزء من الطبيعة وأن استخدام الموارد ضروري للبقاء، ولذلك يسعى الهدف الخامس إلى ضمان أن يكون حصاد الأنواع البرية وتجارتها مستداماً وآمناً وقانونياً، مع منع الاستغلال المفرط وتقليل مخاطر انتقال الأمراض الحيوانية المنشأ.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;7,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;7,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; كما يركز الهدف العاشر على ضمان إدارة المناطق المخصصة للزراعة وتربية الأحياء المائية والغابات بشكل مستدام، مع زيادة تطبيق الممارسات الصديقة للتنوع البيولوجي مثل التكثيف المستدام والنهج الإيكولوجية الزراعية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;7,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;8&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;ركيزة تقاسم المنافع والعدالة الجينية&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;9&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-20&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;9,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تعد هذه الركيزة الأكثر تعقيداً، حيث تتعامل مع كيفية توزيع الأرباح والمنافع العلمية الناتجة عن الموارد الجينية، وخاصة مع ظهور &quot;المعلومات الرقمية المتعلقة بالتسلسلات&quot; (DSI).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;9,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;15&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;9,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; وقد شهد مؤتمر الأطراف السادس عشر (COP16) في كالي، كولومبيا، قراراً تاريخياً بتفعيل &quot;صندوق كالي&quot; (Cali Fund)، وهو آلية دولية تهدف إلى جمع المساهمات من الشركات التي تستفيد تجارياً من DSI وتوزيعها بشكل عادل على الدول النامية والمجتمعات المحلية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;9,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;9&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;horizontal-scroll-wrapper&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-21&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;table data-path-to-node=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(240, 244, 249); border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 32px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;thead style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-header-group; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الهدف العالمي (KMGBF)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;المكون الأساسي&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;المستهدف لعام 2030&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;المرجعية&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row-group; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,1,0,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الهدف 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,1,1,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الاستعادة البيئية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,1,2,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;استعادة 30% من النظم المتدهورة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,1,3,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,2,0,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الهدف 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,2,1,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الحماية المكانية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,2,2,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;حماية 30% من اليابسة والبحار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,2,3,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,3,0,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الهدف 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,3,1,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;حماية الأنواع&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,3,2,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;وقف الانقراض الناجم عن البشر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,3,3,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,4,0,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الهدف 7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,4,1,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;التلوث&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,4,2,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;خفض مخاطر التلوث وفائض المغذيات بنسبة 50%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,4,3,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,5,0,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الهدف 15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,5,1,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;دور الشركات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,5,2,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الإفصاح عن المخاطر والتأثيرات على الطبيعة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,5,3,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,6,0,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الهدف 19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,6,1,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;التمويل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,6,2,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;حشد 200 مليار دولار سنوياً&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;10,6,3,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 data-path-to-node=&quot;11&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;مدى التقدم المحرز: تقييم المنجزات من المستوى العالمي إلى المحلي&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;12&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-22&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;12,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;منذ اعتماد الاتفاقية في عام 1992، تحقق تقدم متباين في تنفيذ التزاماتها. وبينما نجحت الدول في توسيع شبكة المناطق المحمية، إلا أن حالة التنوع البيولوجي العامة لا تزال في تدهور مستمر.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;12,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;13&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;التقدم على المستوى العالمي والإقليمي&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;14&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-23&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;14,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;يشير التقرير العالمي الخامس للتوقعات بشأن التنوع البيولوجي (GBO-5) إلى أن أياً من أهداف أيشي العشرين لم يتحقق بالكامل بحلول عام 2020، مما أدى إلى تبني إطار كونمينغ-مونتريال كخارطة طريق أكثر صرامة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;14,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;14,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; ومع ذلك، هناك مؤشرات إيجابية؛ فاعتباراً من عام 2024، التزمت 620 منظمة مالية بإبلاغ تأثيراتها على الطبيعة وفق معايير TNFD.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;14,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;22&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;14,4&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; وفي منطقة شمال أفريقيا، أظهرت التقييمات أن المنطقة تواجه ضغوطاً هائلة بسبب النمو السكاني السريع والتوسع الحضري، حيث أن 10% من الأنواع التي تم تقييمها في المنطقة (حوالي 340 نوعاً من أصل 3613) مهددة بالانقراض.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;14,5&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;24&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;15&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الحالة الوطنية: الجزائر كدراسة حالة للتقدم والتحديات البيئية&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;16&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-24&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;16,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تعد الجزائر من الدول الرائدة في منطقة المغرب العربي في الالتزام باتفاقية التنوع البيولوجي، حيث وضعت استراتيجيتها الوطنية الأولى (SPAN) في عام 1997 وعززتها لاحقاً.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;16,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;25&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;16,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; وقد حققت الجزائر إنجازات كمية في مجال الحماية، حيث تم الإبلاغ عن تغطية مناطق محمية تصل إلى 36.5% من الإقليم الوطني، متجاوزة أهداف أيشي السابقة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;16,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;25&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;16,4&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; وتضم الشبكة الوطنية عشر حظائر وطنية، وأربع محميات طبيعية، و50 موقعاً مصنفاً ضمن اتفاقية &quot;رامسار&quot; للأراضي الرطبة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;16,5&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;25&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;17&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-25&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;17,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;ومع ذلك، يواجه التنوع البيولوجي الجزائري تهديدات حادة؛ حيث تراجع الغطاء الغابي إلى 0.8% فقط من مساحة اليابسة، وشهدت الفترة بين 2001 و2019 فقدان 13% من الغطاء الشجري.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;17,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;26&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;17,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; كما أن الأنواع الرمزية مثل شجرة &quot;سرو التاسيلي&quot; (Tassili cypress) وفهد الصحراء والأيل البربري تواجه خطر الانقراض الوشيك.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;17,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;25&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;horizontal-scroll-wrapper&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-26&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;table data-path-to-node=&quot;18&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(240, 244, 249); border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 32px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;thead style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-header-group; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;إحصاءات التنوع البيولوجي في الجزائر&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;القيمة / الحالة&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;المرجعية&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row-group; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;18,1,0,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;عدد الأنواع المهددة (قائمة CITES)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;18,1,1,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;75 نوعاً&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;18,1,2,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;25&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;18,2,0,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;المساحة المحمية البرية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;18,2,1,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;4.64% (2021) / 36.5% (تاريخياً)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;18,2,2,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;25&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;18,3,0,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;المساحة المحمية البحرية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;18,3,1,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;0.07% (2021) / 1% (تاريخياً)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;18,3,2,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;26&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;18,4,0,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;مؤشر التنوع البيولوجي الزراعي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;18,4,1,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;49.5 (متوسط)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;18,4,2,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;26&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-row; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;18,5,0,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تراجع مساحة السهوب الطبيعية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;18,5,1,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;50% منذ عام 1989&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: rgb(248, 250, 253); border: 1px solid; clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: table-cell; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;18,5,2,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;25&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 data-path-to-node=&quot;19&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;التحديات والعقبات: العوائق الهيكلية والمالية والتقنية&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;رغم الطموح العالي لاتفاقية التنوع البيولوجي، إلا أن التنفيذ يواجه عقبات جسيمة تجعل الوصول إلى أهداف 2030 سباقاً مع الزمن.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;فجوة التمويل والاستثمارات السلبية&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;22&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-27&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;22,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تظل الفجوة التمويلية هي التحدي الأبرز، حيث تقدر الاحتياجات المالية السنوية لحماية الطبيعة بحوالي 700 مليار دولار سنوياً.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;22,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;22,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; والواقع الصادم هو أن العالم ينفق 7.3 تريليون دولار سنوياً في أنشطة تضر بالتنوع البيولوجي (مثل دعم الوقود الأحفوري والزراعة الكثيفة)، وهو ما يمثل 30 ضعف المبالغ المخصصة للحماية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;22,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;28&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;22,4&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; ورغم التزام الدول المتقدمة بتقديم 20 مليار دولار سنوياً للدول النامية بحلول عام 2025، إلا أن البيانات تشير إلى أن التدفقات الحالية بلغت 16.8 مليار دولار في عام 2023، مما يثير القلق بشأن الوفاء بالالتزامات في موعدها.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;22,5&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;22&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;23&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;ضعف القدرات التقنية وفجوات البيانات في الجنوب العالمي&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;24&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-28&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;24,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تعاني دول الجنوب من &quot;فجوة بيانات&quot; كبيرة؛ حيث أن معظم التقنيات المتقدمة لرصد التنوع البيولوجي تتركز في أمريكا الشمالية وأوروبا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;24,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;30&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;24,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; وتفتقر العديد من الدول إلى البنية التحتية لتسلسل الحمض النووي (Sequencing) والقدرة على تحليل البيانات الضخمة الناتجة عن الاستشعار عن بعد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;24,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;31&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;24,4&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; هذا الضعف التقني يعيق القدرة على تقديم تقارير وطنية دقيقة ومتابعة التقدم المحرز نحو الأهداف العالمية في الوقت الفعلي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;24,5&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;30&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;25&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;غياب التنسيق السياسي والقطاعي&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;26&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-29&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;26,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;غالباً ما يتم التعامل مع قضايا التنوع البيولوجي كشأن بيئي بحت، بينما تكمن المحركات الحقيقية لفقدانه في قطاعات المالية والزراعة والطاقة والتجارة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;26,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;26,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; إن غياب التنسيق بين السياسات الاقتصادية والبيئية يؤدي إلى &quot;سياسات متضاربة&quot;؛ حيث تمنح الحكومات حوافز لتوسيع الأراضي الزراعية على حساب الغابات المحمية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;26,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;26,4&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; كما أن التنسيق بين اتفاقيات ريو الثلاث (التنوع البيولوجي، المناخ، والتصحر) لا يزال ضعيفاً على المستوى العملي، مما يضيع فرصاً كبيرة لتحقيق مكاسب مشتركة عبر &quot;الحلول القائمة على الطبيعة&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;26,5&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;35&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 data-path-to-node=&quot;27&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;دور الأطراف المعنية: نهج المجتمع بأسره في حماية الطبيعة&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;28&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;يتطلب إطار كونمينغ-مونتريال انخراط كافة الفاعلين لتجاوز العقبات التنفيذية.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;29&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الحكومات والمنظمات الدولية&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;30&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-30&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تتحمل الحكومات المسؤولية الأولى في دمج التنوع البيولوجي في صلب التخطيط الاقتصادي الوطني وتحديث الاستراتيجيات الوطنية (NBSAPs) لتتوافق مع إطار 2030.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; وتلعب المنظمات الدولية مثل برنامج الأمم المتحدة الإنمائي (UNDP) دوراً حيوياً عبر مبادرات مثل &quot;BIOFIN&quot; التي تساعد الدول على تصميم خطط تمويل مستدامة للطبيعة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;23&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,4&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; في الجزائر، أطلقت الأمم المتحدة &quot;استراتيجية المغرب العربي 2025-2030&quot; لتعزيز المرونة الإيكولوجية ومكافحة التصحر، مع التركيز على مشروع &quot;السد الأخضر&quot; كأداة لحماية التنوع البيولوجي وتوفير سبل العيش.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;30,5&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;39&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;31&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;القطاع الخاص والمؤسسات المالية&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;32&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-31&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;32,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;أصبح التنوع البيولوجي يمثل خطراً &quot;نظامياً&quot; على الاقتصاد العالمي، حيث تعتمد 40% من قيمة الاقتصاد العالمي بشكل مباشر على خدمات الطبيعة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;32,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;32,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; وتبرز الفرص أمام الشركات في تبني سلاسل توريد مستدامة والمساهمة في &quot;صندوق كالي&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;32,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;18&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;32,4&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; ومع ذلك، لا تزال استجابة الشركات الكبرى بطيئة؛ فرغم إطلاق صندوق كالي في أوائل عام 2025، إلا أن المساهمات الفعلية لا تزال خجولة، حيث كانت شركة &quot;TierraViva AI&quot; البريطانية أول من بادر بمساهمة رمزية لتشجيع الآخرين.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;32,5&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;41&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;33&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الشعوب الأصيلة والمجتمعات المحلية&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;34&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-32&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;34,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تعد هذه المجتمعات &quot;حراس الطبيعة&quot; الفعليين، حيث أن التنوع البيولوجي في المناطق التي تديرها المجتمعات المحلية يكون في حالة أفضل بكثير مقارنة بالمناطق الأخرى.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;34,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;16&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;34,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; وقد شهد مؤتمر COP16 في كالي اعترافاً تاريخياً بدورهم من خلال إنشاء هيئة فرعية دائمة للمادة 8 (ي) لضمان إشراكهم في صنع القرار وضمان وصول التمويل إليهم مباشرة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;34,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;15&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 data-path-to-node=&quot;35&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;التوصيات لتحسين الفعالية: نحو رؤية 2050 للعيش في وئام مع الطبيعة&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;36&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;لتحويل إطار كونمينغ-مونتريال من مجرد وثيقة سياسية إلى واقع ملموس، يجب اتباع حزمة من التوصيات الاستراتيجية.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;37&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;الابتكار التكنولوجي والتحول الرقمي&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;38&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-33&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;38,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;يجب استغلال الذكاء الاصطناعي (AI) والاستشعار عن بعد لسد ثغرات البيانات في الدول النامية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;38,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;30&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;38,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; تتيح تقنيات مثل الحمض النووي البيئي (eDNA) والمراقبة الصوتية الحيوية رصد الأنواع بشكل غير جراحي وبدقة عالية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;38,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;30&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;38,4&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; ويجب على المجتمع الدولي دعم نقل هذه التقنيات إلى مراكز التميز في أفريقيا والمنطقة العربية لتمكينها من مراقبة أهداف &quot;30x30&quot; بفعالية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;38,5&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;31&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;39&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;إصلاح الحوافز والتمويل المبتكر&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;40&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-34&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;40,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;من الضروري تفعيل الهدف 18 من الإطار العالمي الذي يطالب بخفض الحوافز الضارة بنحو 500 مليار دولار سنوياً وإعادة توجيهها لدعم الزراعة المستدامة والطاقة النظيفة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;40,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;40,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; كما يجب التوسع في آليات التمويل المبتكرة مثل &quot;مقايضة الديون بالطبيعة&quot; و&quot;سندات التنوع البيولوجي&quot; التي تسمح للدول النامية بتخفيف أعباء ديونها مقابل التزامات حماية النظم البيئية الحيوية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;40,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;21&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;41&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تعزيز التكامل بين التنوع البيولوجي والمناخ&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;42&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-35&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;42,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;لا يمكن حل أزمة المناخ دون حماية الطبيعة، ولا يمكن حماية الطبيعة دون استقرار المناخ.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;42,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;47&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;42,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; يجب على الدول دمج أهداف التنوع البيولوجي في &quot;المساهمات المحددة وطنياً&quot; (NDCs) لاتفاقية باريس، واستخدام &quot;الحلول القائمة على الطبيعة&quot; (NbS) كأدوات للتكيف والتخفيف من آثار التغير المناخي.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;42,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;16&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node=&quot;43&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;بناء القدرات والتعاون الإقليمي&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;44&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-36&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;44,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;تحتاج منطقة شمال أفريقيا، والجزائر خصوصاً، إلى تعزيز التعاون الإقليمي عبر &quot;مركز دعم التعاون التقني والعلمي&quot; لمواجهة التحديات العابرة للحدود مثل الأنواع الغازية وتغير المناخ.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;44,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;39&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;44,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; ويجب التركيز على تمكين الشباب والنساء في مشاريع الحماية المحلية لضمان استدامة الجهود.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;44,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;51&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;45&quot; id=&quot;p-c_622c75e1b7d8e502_3315403d-5696-452b-8d4a-8c94358b12e5-37&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: block; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 16px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;45,0&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;في الختام، تمثل اتفاقية التنوع البيولوجي والنتائج الأخيرة لمؤتمر COP16 فرصة تاريخية وأخيرة ربما لوقف تدمير كوكبنا. إن النجاح في تحقيق أهداف 2030 يتطلب تحولاً جذرياً في كيفية تقييمنا للطبيعة في أنظمتنا الاقتصادية، والانتقال من منطق الاستغلال إلى منطق الاستعادة والوئام.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;45,1&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;45,2&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt; الجزائر، بميراثها البيئي الغني والتزامها السياسي، قادرة على لعب دور قيادي في هذا التحول إذا ما نجحت في مواءمة سياساتها التنموية مع الأهداف العالمية الجديدة، وتأمين التمويل والتقنيات اللازمة لحماية ثرواتها الطبيعية للأجيال القادمة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node=&quot;45,3&quot; face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif !important&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background: none; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c72396507=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;25&quot; style=&quot;animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; background: transparent; border: 0px rgb(68, 71, 70); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #444746; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: rtl; display: inline-flex; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: -10px 2px 10px -2px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-right: -6px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px -6px; marker: none; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; orphans: 2; outline: rgb(68, 71, 70) 0px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; widows: 2; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;

تسرنا زيارتك و تهمنا مشاركتك 

لا تنسى زيارتنا هنا 
https://jil22.yoo7.com/&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/feeds/150833161405761888/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/2026/02/cbd.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4833260916268839313/posts/default/150833161405761888'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4833260916268839313/posts/default/150833161405761888'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/2026/02/cbd.html' title='تقييم فعالية اتفاقية التنوع البيولوجي لـ CBD في تحقيق الأهداف العالمية'/><author><name>Admin </name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15763739130616251359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPWAk3e6CVhLbaBpb10PCEd6meSj_zEAs43BTxJ6wm5VBX0nVVOLxB7mzGovWEZJOQ8x3m8MRFq0p4vcZgH_ucljbT1H5FnJzpSYmAKwcDWAR1-UeLPtyV9poD5dnsONCfz-YJGf-Bdkgt4PktNZ3CXW6hafFy183sVnoEzYps7RRe8SU/s220/%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwdwt5CcR2SJOfSvqS-rhMnDhNUzkU4eVa-c_QXI6rfGLz_RmRqnnUnmwe9czahqDQut3W7JpXKsufBvfIwFEPDYveJ_ra7of36M-fIWEk9shFu81WfAOS6J8oDIReyNDUv1Iz9UVYcyJfvcuvOWdNhcsf38FrvGuRs4oxFvM0qnPKC-mJoNB2SjsEXFHq/s72-c/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%20%D9%84%D9%80%20CBD%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9%20.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4833260916268839313.post-7754816079150945486</id><published>2025-08-22T22:19:00.008+01:00</published><updated>2025-08-22T22:34:27.834+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="التغير المناخي وحماية البيئة"/><title type='text'>تطوير تشريعات الحد من انبعاثات الكربون</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;img src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqyd2jRCukrGSO6ZeaHKN_JIb1pG14PQVKZYLzT23Po_mEf-k8A00rn_sFVPc6HCPJYyZ_YwHQbHmq-0dgdt5LlR00rqvsxwL-ROVtpcjwaxh1sx00EGiZYlTf0WGiDjfQCZ9bdO3YTjylyItd1MY18BjqZRlHBjGAxxqXikYTyxOUF7HCJp_RZ0ymxoBf/s1920/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%20(2).jpg&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;h1&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-NJek1g-VhU_WGB-9jRxrLcA719GtrxayLOWsghPqj0W14CSXTAR33fHXgMJtepHFta6tzIY8RlFlEc3tbALbmoAI8gDHNIIqi_Y36qcEQStIgz3NHhyJIA-RA8GchFx_FG_2PVY0csVzO92i07cqvwzROPs1rDEOoDcmWK9Cz6XQfYm0i5T6M6Sa3m3w/s1920/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%20(2).jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;1080&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1920&quot; height=&quot;180&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-NJek1g-VhU_WGB-9jRxrLcA719GtrxayLOWsghPqj0W14CSXTAR33fHXgMJtepHFta6tzIY8RlFlEc3tbALbmoAI8gDHNIIqi_Y36qcEQStIgz3NHhyJIA-RA8GchFx_FG_2PVY0csVzO92i07cqvwzROPs1rDEOoDcmWK9Cz6XQfYm0i5T6M6Sa3m3w/s320/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%20(2).jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;إطار تشريعي متكامل لخفض الانبعاثات الكربونية في الجزائر: رؤية استراتيجية للوفاء بالالتزامات الدولية وتحقيق التنمية المستدامة&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;مقدمة تنفيذية&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;يمثل تغير المناخ أحد أبرز التحديات العالمية التي تتطلب استجابة منسقة وفعالة على كافة الأصعدة. وفي هذا السياق، تكتسب جهود&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; خفض الانبعاثات الكربونية أهمية استراتيجية قصوى، ليس فقط كالتزام أخلاقي تجاه البيئة، بل كضرورة اقتصادية لتحقيق التنمية المستدامة وتنويع مصادر الدخل. لقد تبنت الجزائر، إدراكًا منها لهذا البعد الحيوي، مسارًا للتحول البيئي كخيار استراتيجي يتناغم مع التزاماتها الدولية، وعلى رأسها اتفاق باريس للمناخ.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يهدف هذا التقرير إلى تقديم إطار تشريعي متكامل وفعال، يستند إلى تحليل دقيق للوضع الراهن ويقترح آليات مبتكرة، لتمكين الجزائر من تحقيق أهدافها المناخية. يجمع الإطار المقترح بين المبادئ القانونية، والأدوات الاقتصادية، والآليات التكنولوجية، مع التأكيد على أهمية الشراكة والتعاون على المستويين الوطني والدولي.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;الجزء الأول: مراجعة وتحليل التشريعات البيئية القائمة&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;1.1. الإطار القانوني الحالي وتطوره&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;يستند الإطار التشريعي البيئي في الجزائر إلى تاريخ من التطور المستمر، الذي بدأ مع إصدار أول قانون لحماية البيئة في عام 1983 (القانون 83-03).&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; وقد شكّل هذا القانون الأساس الذي تطورت منه التشريعات اللاحقة، ليتم إلغاؤه واستبداله لاحقًا بالقانون رقم 03-10 المؤرخ في 19 يوليو 2003، المتعلق بحماية البيئة في إطار التنمية المستدامة.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يمثل هذا القانون الركيزة الأساسية للإطار البيئي الحالي، حيث يتبنى مقاربة وقائية، من خلال إخضاع المشاريع لدراسات تقييم الأثر البيئي &lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;، كما ينص على آليات مثل نظام التراخيص للمنشآت المصنفة التي تعتبر مصادر ثابتة للتلوث.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; وقد شهد هذا الإطار تطورات تكميلية، مثل القانون رقم 01-19 المتعلق بتسيير النفايات، والذي تم تعديله مؤخرًا بهدف تعزيز الاقتصاد الدائري.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;1.2. تحليل نقاط القوة والقصور&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;يتمتع الإطار القانوني الجزائري بعدة نقاط قوة أساسية، تتمثل في وجود قاعدة تشريعية عامة تحمي البيئة ومكوناتها.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; كما يقر هذا الإطار بمسؤولية المخالفين المدنية والجنائية، ويضمن إمكانية التقاضي ضد الأضرار البيئية.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; وتمنح التشريعات دورًا قانونيًا للمجتمع المدني، بما في ذلك إبداء الرأي والمشاركة في القضايا البيئية.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;13&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; علاوة على ذلك، يظهر التزام متزايد بمواءمة القوانين الوطنية مع المعايير الدولية.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;10&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;ومع ذلك، تواجه هذه التشريعات عدة تحديات جوهرية، أبرزها قصورها في التعامل مع قضية الانبعاثات الكربونية بشكل محدد ومباشر. فالقوانين الحالية هي قوانين &quot;حماية عامة&quot; للبيئة، تنظم حماية الهواء والماء والتربة &lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;، لكنها لا توفر الأدوات المخصصة والمركزة اللازمة لمواجهة تحدي الانبعاثات الكربونية، مثل آليات تسعير الكربون أو الأهداف القطاعية المحددة. هذا يمثل تحولاً جوهرياً في طبيعة التحدي، حيث يتطلب الانتقال من الحماية العامة إلى التخصيص والتركيز على مشكلة محددة جداً.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;تتمثل الفجوة الأكثر وضوحًا في الإطار التشريعي في معوقات التطبيق والرقابة. فالمصادر تشير إلى أن آليات مثل تقييم الأثر البيئي تعاني من تحديات في التنفيذ الفعال نتيجة لنقص الخبرات والأشخاص المتخصصين في الإدارة والقضاء.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; وعلى الرغم من وجود دور قانوني للجمعيات، إلا أن مشاركتها الفعلية تظل محدودة بسبب معوقات قانونية، إدارية ومالية.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;15&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا التباين بين قوة النص القانوني وضعف آليات تنفيذه يقلل من فعالية السياسات البيئية ويبرز أن التحدي ليس في غياب القوانين، بل في غياب &quot;نظام&quot; متكامل لتطبيقها يتضمن بناء القدرات الفنية والرقابة الفعالة.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;horizontal-scroll-wrapper&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;table-block-component&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;table-block _nghost-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-block has-export-button&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-content not-end-of-paragraph&quot; not-end-of-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;المجال التشريعي&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;النصوص القانونية ذات الصلة&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;نقاط القوة&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;نقاط الضعف&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;التوصيات الأولية للتحديث&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;الوقاية&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;القانون 03-10، المرسوم التنفيذي 07-145 (دراسة الأثر البيئي)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;وجود مبدأ الوقاية كقاعدة أساسية&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;عدم وجود تركيز خاص على الانبعاثات الكربونية&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;إصدار تشريع متخصص يحدد الانبعاثات كهدف وقائي رئيسي.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;المسؤولية&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;القانون 03-10، المرسوم التنفيذي 06-194 (المنشآت المصنفة)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;إقرار المسؤولية المدنية والجنائية&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;لا توجد آليات اقتصادية محفزة (مثل تسعير الكربون)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;إدراج أدوات اقتصادية لمعاملة الانبعاثات كـ&quot;تكلفة&quot;.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;المشاركة&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;القانون 03-10، القانون 90-31 (إنشاء الجمعيات)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;يمنح الجمعيات دوراً استشارياً وحق التقاضي&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;المشاركة الفعلية محدودة بسبب معوقات قانونية ومالية&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;وضع آليات تمويل ودعم للجمعيات وتفعيل دورها التشاركي.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-footer hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;mdc-button mat-mdc-button-base mat-mdc-button mat-unthemed&quot; jslog=&quot;184701;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_e7bd760d16ed4fc8&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_589f0c47dde3daa8&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,null,null,null,1]]&quot; mat-button=&quot;&quot; mat-ripple-loader-class-name=&quot;mat-mdc-button-ripple&quot; mat-ripple-loader-uninitialized=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-mdc-button-persistent-ripple mdc-button__ripple&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mdc-button__label&quot;&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;export-sheets-button&quot;&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;export-sheets-icon&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;drive_spreadsheet&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;drive_spreadsheet&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot;&gt;التصدير إلى &quot;جداول بيانات Google&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-focus-indicator&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-mdc-button-touch-target&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/table-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;الجدول 1: تقييم الإطار التشريعي البيئي الجزائري الحالي (القانون 03-10) في سياق مكافحة الانبعاثات.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;الجزء الثاني: صياغة أهداف تشريعية واضحة وقابلة للقياس&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;2.1. الالتزامات الدولية كمرتكز&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;تعتبر الالتزامات الدولية حجر الزاوية في أي إطار تشريعي وطني يهدف إلى مكافحة التغير المناخي. فالجزائر طرف في اتفاق باريس للمناخ، الذي يهدف إلى الحد من ارتفاع درجة حرارة الأرض وإبقاء الزيادة دون درجتين مئويتين مع السعي لحصرها عند 1.5 درجة مئوية.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;17&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; بموجب هذا الاتفاق، تلتزم الدول بتقديم المساهمات المحددة وطنياً (NDCs)، التي تمثل خطط عمل وطنية لخفض انبعاثات الغازات الدفيئة.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;تغطي المساهمة المبدئية للجزائر (INDC)، التي تم تقديمها عام 2015، الفترة 2021-2030 وتستهدف قطاعات حيوية مثل الطاقة، الصناعة، النقل، والزراعة.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;20&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; ومع اقتراب موعد الجولة القادمة من المساهمات المحددة وطنياً (NDC 3.0)، المقرر تقديمها في أوائل عام 2025 &lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;19&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;، تتاح للجزائر فرصة استراتيجية لتحديث إطارها التشريعي بما ينسجم مع أهداف أكثر طموحًا. هذا التوقيت يعد حاسماً، خاصة في ظل تنفيذ مشاريع مثل &quot;الحوكمة المناخية 2&quot; المدعوم من الاتحاد الأوروبي وألمانيا، والذي يهدف إلى تعزيز القدرات الوطنية في هذا المجال.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;2.2. الأهداف الكمية والقطاعية المقترحة&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;لتحويل الالتزامات إلى واقع، يجب أن يتضمن الإطار التشريعي أهدافاً واضحة وقابلة للقياس (KPIs)، على أن تُحدد بأطر زمنية محددة. ينبغي أن يتم ذلك بالتركيز على القطاعات ذات الانبعاثات الأكبر، مع الأخذ في الاعتبار تجارب الدول الأخرى. فعلى سبيل المثال، تظهر التجربة الألمانية تقدماً ملحوظاً في خفض انبعاثات قطاع الطاقة بفضل زيادة حصة الطاقة المتجددة التي شكلت 54% من استهلاك الكهرباء.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;22&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; لكن في المقابل، واجهت ألمانيا تحديات في قطاعي النقل والبناء، اللذين لم يحققا الأهداف المحددة.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;23&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا يوضح ضرورة وجود أهداف تشريعية &quot;قطاعية&quot; محددة، بدلاً من الأهداف الوطنية العامة، لضمان معالجة الفجوات المحتملة في الأداء.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;لذلك، يُقترح أن يحدد التشريع الجديد أهدافاً قطاعية على النحو التالي:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;قطاع الطاقة:&lt;/b&gt; تحديد هدف لزيادة حصة الطاقات المتجددة في مزيج الطاقة الوطني، مع وضع خطة واضحة للتوقف التدريجي عن الاعتماد على الوقود الأحفوري في توليد الكهرباء.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;22&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;قطاع النقل:&lt;/b&gt; وضع أهداف لخفض انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون من النقل، التي غالبًا ما تتأخر عن القطاعات الأخرى. يمكن تحقيق ذلك من خلال تشريعات تدعم استخدام المركبات الكهربائية وتطوير البنية التحتية للنقل العام المستدام.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;24&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;قطاع الصناعة:&lt;/b&gt; استهداف الصناعات كثيفة الانبعاثات مثل الصلب والكيماويات &lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;25&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;، عبر تشريعات تحفز على تبني تقنيات الإنتاج منخفض الانبعاثات.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;الزراعة والغابات:&lt;/b&gt; وضع آليات تشريعية لتعزيز الزراعة المستدامة وزيادة الرقعة الغابية، لما لها من دور في تعزيز مصارف الكربون الطبيعية.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;24&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;horizontal-scroll-wrapper&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;table-block-component&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;table-block _nghost-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-block has-export-button&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-content not-end-of-paragraph&quot; not-end-of-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;القطاع&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;الانبعاثات الحالية (تقديري)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;هدف الخفض لعام 2030&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;هدف الخفض لعام 2050&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;الإجراءات التشريعية المقترحة&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;الطاقة&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;(بيانات تقديرية)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;خفض &lt;span class=&quot;math-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;katex&quot;&gt;&lt;span aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;katex-html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;base&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;strut&quot; style=&quot;height: 0.8056em; vertical-align: -0.0556em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.0785em;&quot;&gt;X&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord&quot;&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; من الانبعاثات&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;الوصول إلى الحياد الكربوني&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;تشريعات داعمة للطاقة المتجددة، تسعير الكربون، إنهاء دعم الوقود الأحفوري.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;النقل&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;(بيانات تقديرية)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;خفض &lt;span class=&quot;math-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;katex&quot;&gt;&lt;span aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;katex-html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;base&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;strut&quot; style=&quot;height: 0.8056em; vertical-align: -0.0556em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.2222em;&quot;&gt;Y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord&quot;&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; من الانبعاثات&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;خفض &lt;span class=&quot;math-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;katex&quot;&gt;&lt;span aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;katex-html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;base&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;strut&quot; style=&quot;height: 0.8056em; vertical-align: -0.0556em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.0715em;&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord&quot;&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; من الانبعاثات&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;وضع معايير لانبعاثات المركبات، حوافز للمركبات الكهربائية، استثمارات في النقل العام.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;الصناعة&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;(بيانات تقديرية)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;خفض &lt;span class=&quot;math-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;katex&quot;&gt;&lt;span aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;katex-html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;base&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;strut&quot; style=&quot;height: 0.8056em; vertical-align: -0.0556em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord&quot;&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; من الانبعاثات&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;الوصول إلى الحياد الكربوني&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;عقود الفروقات الكربونية، دعم التحول نحو تقنيات نظيفة، آليات تسعير الكربون.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;الزراعة والغابات&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;(بيانات تقديرية)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;زيادة المصارف الكربونية بـ &lt;span class=&quot;math-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;katex&quot;&gt;&lt;span aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;katex-html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;base&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;strut&quot; style=&quot;height: 0.8056em; vertical-align: -0.0556em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.0502em;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord&quot;&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;زيادة المصارف الكربونية بـ &lt;span class=&quot;math-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;katex&quot;&gt;&lt;span aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;katex-html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;base&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;strut&quot; style=&quot;height: 0.8056em; vertical-align: -0.0556em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.0715em;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord&quot;&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;حوافز مالية للمزارعين، تشريعات لإدارة الأراضي، دعم برامج التشجير.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-footer hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;mdc-button mat-mdc-button-base mat-mdc-button mat-unthemed&quot; jslog=&quot;184701;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_e7bd760d16ed4fc8&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_589f0c47dde3daa8&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,null,null,null,1]]&quot; mat-button=&quot;&quot; mat-ripple-loader-class-name=&quot;mat-mdc-button-ripple&quot; mat-ripple-loader-uninitialized=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-mdc-button-persistent-ripple mdc-button__ripple&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mdc-button__label&quot;&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;export-sheets-button&quot;&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;export-sheets-icon&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;drive_spreadsheet&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;drive_spreadsheet&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot;&gt;التصدير إلى &quot;جداول بيانات Google&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-focus-indicator&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-mdc-button-touch-target&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/table-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;الجدول 2: أهداف مقترحة لخفض الانبعاثات الكربونية في الجزائر بحلول 2030 و 2050 (حسب القطاع).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;الجزء الثالث: آليات التنفيذ والرقابة&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;3.1. الأدوات الاقتصادية المبتكرة&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;يجب أن تتجاوز التشريعات المقترحة المقاربة التقليدية القائمة على العقوبة، وأن تتبنى أدوات اقتصادية مبتكرة توفر حوافز مالية للتحول. تشير المصادر إلى أن آليات تسعير الكربون، مثل ضريبة الكربون أو نظام تداول الانبعاثات (ETS)، تُعتبر من أهم الأدوات الفعالة في هذا المجال.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;28&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;ضريبة الكربون:&lt;/b&gt; تفرض رسومًا محددة على كل طن من ثاني أكسيد الكربون المنبعث، مما يرفع تكلفة الانبعاثات ويشجع الشركات على خفضها.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;29&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;نظام تداول الانبعاثات (ETS):&lt;/b&gt; يضع سقفًا إجماليًا للانبعاثات المسموح بها ويمنح الشركات تصاريح قابلة للتداول، مما يسمح للسوق بتحديد سعر الكربون بناءً على العرض والطلب.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;28&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; الصين لديها أكبر نظام تداول للانبعاثات في العالم، وقد أظهرت دراسات فعاليته في خفض انبعاثات الشركات، على الرغم من أن أسعار الكربون لا تزال منخفضة نسبياً.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;30&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;إن الانتقال من التعامل مع التلوث كـ&quot;ضرر&quot; بيئي يستوجب عقوبة، إلى التعامل معه كـ&quot;تكلفة&quot; اقتصادية يجب على الملوث تحملها، يمثل تحولاً جوهرياً في الفلسفة التشريعية. هذه المقاربة توفر حافزًا مستمرًا للشركات لخفض الانبعاثات بشكل مستقل عن الإعانات الحكومية، وتسرع من التحول نحو الطاقة النظيفة.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;ومع ذلك، يجب التعامل بحذر مع التحديات الاجتماعية لهذه الآليات. فضرائب الكربون وأسواقها قد تؤثر بشكل غير متناسب على الفئات الفقيرة، مما يستلزم إقرار برامج حماية اجتماعية مصاحبة للإصلاح التشريعي.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;28&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;3.2. الحوافز والمحفزات&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;تعتبر الحوافز المالية أداة استراتيجية فعالة لتحفيز القطاع الخاص على الاستثمار في خفض الانبعاثات.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;27&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يمكن للتشريعات أن تتضمن:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;إعانات مباشرة وتمويل ميسر:&lt;/b&gt; لتمويل مشاريع الطاقة المتجددة وتقنيات كفاءة الطاقة.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;إعفاءات ضريبية وجمركية:&lt;/b&gt; على المعدات والتجهيزات الخاصة بالتقنيات النظيفة.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;عقود الفروقات الكربونية (Carbon Contracts for Difference):&lt;/b&gt; وهي أداة مبتكرة تستخدمها ألمانيا لتعويض الصناعات كثيفة الاستهلاك للطاقة عن التكلفة الإضافية للتحول إلى الإنتاج النظيف.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;23&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;3.3. العقوبات الرادعة&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;لضمان الالتزام، يجب تطوير الإطار العقابي القائم. يُقترح وضع عقوبات مالية وإدارية تصاعدية، مرتبطة بمستوى الانبعاثات وتجاوز الأهداف المحددة، لتعمل كعامل ردع فعال.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;3.4. إطار الرقابة والتحقق (MRV)&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;لا يمكن لأي سياسة أن تكون فعالة دون وجود نظام قوي للقياس والإبلاغ والتحقق (MRV).&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;26&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يجب أن ينص الإطار التشريعي على إنشاء هيئة أو آلية مستقلة مسؤولة عن جمع البيانات، تحليلها، والإبلاغ عن التقدم المحرز بشكل دوري، مع ربط هذا النظام بآليات تسعير الكربون لضمان الشفافية والمصداقية.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;horizontal-scroll-wrapper&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;table-block-component&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;table-block _nghost-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-block has-export-button&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-content not-end-of-paragraph&quot; not-end-of-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;الآلية&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;المبدأ&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;المزايا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;التحديات&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ملاءمتها للسوق الجزائرية&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;ضريبة الكربون&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;فرض رسوم على كل طن من الكربون المنبعث.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;بساطة التطبيق، إيرادات حكومية إضافية يمكن إعادة استثمارها.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;قد تؤثر على الفئات الفقيرة، تحتاج إلى دعم سياسي قوي.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;مناسبة كمرحلة أولى، مع ضرورة وضع برامج حماية اجتماعية.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;نظام تداول الانبعاثات (ETS)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;تحديد سقف للانبعاثات وترك السوق يحدد السعر.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;يضمن تحقيق هدف خفض الانبعاثات، يحفز الابتكار بشكل مستمر.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;تعقيد تقني وإداري، تذبذب الأسعار، يتطلب نظاماً قوياً للرقابة.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;تتطلب بناء قدرات وتجربة في الأسواق المالية، يمكن تطبيقها تدريجياً.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-footer hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;mdc-button mat-mdc-button-base mat-mdc-button mat-unthemed&quot; jslog=&quot;184701;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_e7bd760d16ed4fc8&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_589f0c47dde3daa8&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,null,null,null,1]]&quot; mat-button=&quot;&quot; mat-ripple-loader-class-name=&quot;mat-mdc-button-ripple&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-mdc-button-persistent-ripple mdc-button__ripple&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mdc-button__label&quot;&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;export-sheets-button&quot;&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;export-sheets-icon&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;drive_spreadsheet&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;drive_spreadsheet&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c201601228=&quot;&quot;&gt;التصدير إلى &quot;جداول بيانات Google&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-focus-indicator&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-mdc-button-touch-target&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-ripple mat-mdc-button-ripple&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/table-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;الجدول 3: تحليل مقارن لآليات تسعير الكربون.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;الجزء الرابع: دمج التكنولوجيا والابتكار&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;4.1. الإطار التشريعي للطاقة المتجددة&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;تعتبر الطاقة المتجددة ركيزة أساسية لخفض الانبعاثات، ويجب أن يدعمها إطار تشريعي محكم. يمكن للجزائر الاستفادة من تجارب دولية ناجحة في هذا المجال. على سبيل المثال، توضح القوانين الأردنية ضرورة وجود آليات مثل &quot;قانون الطاقة المتجددة وترشيد الطاقة&quot; الذي يشمل قواعد لربط أنظمة الطاقة المتجددة بالشبكة الكهربائية باستخدام &quot;عدادات صافي القياس&quot;.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;34&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذه القواعد تضمن للمنتجين الصغار والخاصين إمكانية دمج فائض الطاقة في الشبكة، مما يشجع الاستثمار الخاص ويسرع من التحول الطاقي.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;4.2. دعم الابتكار الأخضر والشركات الناشئة&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;يجب أن تتجاوز التشريعات مجرد التنظيم لتشجيع الابتكار في التقنيات النظيفة. يمكن أن يستلهم الإطار التشريعي الجزائري من الاستراتيجية الوطنية للابتكار في الإمارات العربية المتحدة، والتي تركز على دعم حاضنات الابتكار وبناء القدرات الوطنية في مجالات العلوم والتكنولوجيا.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;36&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; كما ينبغي أن يقدم التشريع الجديد حوافز للشركات الناشئة في مجال &quot;التكنولوجيا الخضراء&quot; التي أظهرت قدرة على تقديم حلول مبتكرة.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;إن التحول التشريعي من مجرد التنظيم إلى خلق بيئة حاضنة للابتكار يحفز الاستثمار الخاص ويخلق وظائف خضراء جديدة.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا لا يساهم فقط في خفض الانبعاثات، بل يدعم أيضاً تنويع الاقتصاد وتقليل الاعتماد على الوقود الأحفوري.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;horizontal-scroll-wrapper&quot;&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;المبادرة التشريعية&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;الهدف&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;الجهة المسؤولة&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;نموذج دولي للاقتداء به&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;تحديث قانون الطاقة المتجددة&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;تسهيل دمج الطاقة المتجددة في الشبكة وتفعيل عدادات صافي القياس.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;وزارة الطاقة، هيئة تنظيم الكهرباء.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;الأردن &lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;35&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;قانون الشركات الناشئة الخضراء&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;تقديم حوافز ضريبية ومالية للشركات الناشئة في مجال التقنيات النظيفة.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;وزارة اقتصاد المعرفة والمؤسسات الناشئة، وزارة المالية.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;الإمارات العربية المتحدة &lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;36&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;صندوق تمويل الابتكار الأخضر&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;إنشاء صندوق لتمويل مشاريع الأبحاث التطبيقية في مجال الطاقة النظيفة.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي، الصندوق الجزائري لتمويل المؤسسات الناشئة.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;(ألمانيا، عقود الفروقات) &lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;23&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;الجدول 4: مبادرات تشريعية مقترحة لدعم الابتكار والتقنيات النظيفة.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;الجزء الخامس: التنسيق والتعاون الدولي&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;5.1. تعزيز دور الجزائر في الساحة الدولية&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;تلتزم الجزائر بتعزيز قدراتها الوطنية للحد من انبعاثات الغازات الدفيئة وتطوير آليات التكيف مع آثار تغير المناخ.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; ويُعد مشروع &quot;الحوكمة المناخية 2&quot; نموذجًا رائدًا للتعاون الدولي، حيث يترجم الالتزامات العامة إلى شراكات ملموسة مع جهات مثل الاتحاد الأوروبي وألمانيا.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;21&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يركز هذا المشروع على محاور أساسية مثل التمويل المناخي، التخفيف من الانبعاثات، وتعزيز دور المجتمع المدني والبحث العلمي.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; إن هذا الانتقال من الالتزام العام إلى الشراكة الملموسة يوفر الدعم المالي والخبرة الفنية اللازمة لتجاوز التحديات التي تعيق تنفيذ القوانين، ويجعل التعاون الدولي رافعة أساسية لتطبيق السياسات على أرض الواقع.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;5.2. التمويل المناخي&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;يجب أن يدمج الإطار التشريعي الجديد آليات لاستقطاب التمويل المناخي من الجهات الدولية، مثل صندوق المناخ الأخضر ومرفق البيئة العالمي.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;40&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; فالتمويل المناخي ضروري لتمكين الدول النامية من تنفيذ مشاريع التخفيف والتكيف.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يمكن للتشريعات أن تسهل شروط تلقي هذه الأموال، ووضع أطر لضمان شفافية استخدامها وفعاليتها.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;الجزء السادس: المشاركة المجتمعية والشراكة مع القطاع الخاص&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;6.1. تمكين القطاع الخاص&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;يعد القطاع الخاص شريكًا أساسيًا وفاعلاً في عملية التحول البيئي.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; تشير الأدلة إلى أن استثماراته في الخدمات البيئية تتزايد بشكل ملحوظ.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;42&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يجب أن ينص الإطار التشريعي على آليات واضحة لتشجيع الشراكة بين القطاعين العام والخاص في المشاريع البيئية الكبرى، مثل مشاريع الطاقة المتجددة وإدارة النفايات.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;6.2. تفعيل دور المجتمع المدني&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;على الرغم من أن القانون 03-10 يمنح الجمعيات البيئية أدواراً استشارية، إعلامية، وحق التقاضي &lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;13&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;، إلا أن فعاليتها الفعلية لا تزال محدودة.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يجب أن يهدف التشريع الجديد إلى تجاوز الدور التقليدي للجمعيات كـ&quot;جهة رقابية&quot; إلى &quot;شريك فعلي&quot; في التخطيط والتنفيذ.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;43&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يمكن تحقيق ذلك من خلال:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;مراجعة القوانين المنظمة لعمل الجمعيات لتبسيط الإجراءات الإدارية والمالية.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;وضع برامج دعم مالي وتدريبي لتعزيز قدرات الجمعيات.&lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;15&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;إلزام الجهات الحكومية باستشارة الجمعيات في صياغة السياسات والمشاريع البيئية.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;إن دمج الأهداف الاجتماعية مثل تمكين المرأة والشباب في مبادرات الاقتصاد الأخضر، كما هو الحال في مشروع &quot;الحوكمة المناخية 2&quot; &lt;response-element ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c1640815433=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;، يضمن أن التحول البيئي ليس مجرد عملية فنية، بل عملية تنموية شاملة تحظى بقبول مجتمعي أوسع وتساهم في تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة بشكل متكامل.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;خاتمة وتوصيات استراتيجية&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;يُظهر التحليل أن الإطار التشريعي البيئي في الجزائر، على الرغم من صلابته في مبادئه العامة، يحتاج إلى تحديث جذري ليصبح أداة فعالة في مواجهة التحديات النوعية للانبعاثات الكربونية. هناك فرصة استراتيجية للبناء على الالتزامات الدولية والمشاريع القائمة لإحداث نقلة نوعية.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;بناءً على ما تقدم، يوصى بالآتي:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;المراجعة الشاملة للإطار التشريعي:&lt;/b&gt; إصدار &quot;قانون إطار&quot; مخصص لخفض الانبعاثات الكربونية، يدمج الأدوات الاقتصادية وآليات التكنولوجيا والابتكار.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;إقرار آلية تسعير الكربون:&lt;/b&gt; البدء بدراسة جدوى تفصيلية لتبني نظام تداول الانبعاثات أو ضريبة الكربون، مع وضع خطة لبرامج حماية اجتماعية مصاحبة.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;دعم الابتكار والتحول الطاقي:&lt;/b&gt; وضع حوافز واضحة للاستثمار في الطاقات المتجددة والشركات الناشئة، مع تحديث قواعد توصيل الشبكة الوطنية لضمان التكامل الفعال.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;تعزيز الحوكمة التشاركية:&lt;/b&gt; مراجعة القوانين المنظمة لعمل القطاع الخاص والمجتمع المدني لتعزيز دورهما من مجرد &quot;رقابة&quot; إلى &quot;شراكة&quot; حقيقية في التخطيط والتنفيذ.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;تطوير منظومة الرقابة:&lt;/b&gt; الاستثمار في بناء القدرات التقنية والمؤسسية لإنشاء نظام قوي للقياس والإبلاغ والتحقق (MRV)، بما يضمن الشفافية والمصداقية.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;إن التحول نحو اقتصاد منخفض الكربون في الجزائر يجب أن يكون عملية متكاملة، لا تقتصر على الجانب البيئي فقط، بل تشمل الأبعاد الاقتصادية، الاجتماعية، والحوكمة، بما يضمن تحقيق التنمية المستدامة للأجيال القادمة.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;

تسرنا زيارتك و تهمنا مشاركتك 

لا تنسى زيارتنا هنا 
https://jil22.yoo7.com/&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/feeds/7754816079150945486/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/2025/08/blog-post_22.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4833260916268839313/posts/default/7754816079150945486'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4833260916268839313/posts/default/7754816079150945486'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/2025/08/blog-post_22.html' title='تطوير تشريعات الحد من انبعاثات الكربون'/><author><name>Admin </name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15763739130616251359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPWAk3e6CVhLbaBpb10PCEd6meSj_zEAs43BTxJ6wm5VBX0nVVOLxB7mzGovWEZJOQ8x3m8MRFq0p4vcZgH_ucljbT1H5FnJzpSYmAKwcDWAR1-UeLPtyV9poD5dnsONCfz-YJGf-Bdkgt4PktNZ3CXW6hafFy183sVnoEzYps7RRe8SU/s220/%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqyd2jRCukrGSO6ZeaHKN_JIb1pG14PQVKZYLzT23Po_mEf-k8A00rn_sFVPc6HCPJYyZ_YwHQbHmq-0dgdt5LlR00rqvsxwL-ROVtpcjwaxh1sx00EGiZYlTf0WGiDjfQCZ9bdO3YTjylyItd1MY18BjqZRlHBjGAxxqXikYTyxOUF7HCJp_RZ0ymxoBf/s72-c/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%20(2).jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4833260916268839313.post-6856860557217314365</id><published>2025-08-16T23:05:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2025-08-16T23:05:34.358+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="لغات وثقافات"/><title type='text'>كيف تشكّل اللهجات المحلية الهويات الفرعية</title><content type='html'>
&lt;div style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;img src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg86cVzlg0ncK5RYDOEzPJ3v_q32SVUoQRaHH1Rsoq1G-k8sbuWd66gs9_GjF81gHvMOOUx843Q-UGk0KJ9JgcGqd2oPuIb8DoVMjY0Ga2A8L86-MTglCiJl687O8c6k-2sBlAlt13vnnmociHz1okEC2oIBhbgGQl14fg5C8K8r2pZg9l0BLGwnUSDXqwh/s1920/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%20%281%29.jpg&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;تحليل تشكّل اللهجات المحلية وتأثيرها
في بناء الهويات الفرعية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. المقدمة&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تتجاوز
اللغة وظيفتها الأساسية كأداة للتواصل، لتصبح مكوناً جوهرياً في تشكيل الهوية
البشرية، فهي تؤثر بعمق في نظرتنا للعالم، وقيمنا الثقافية، وإحساسنا بالذات. من
خلال اللغة، يعبر الأفراد عن أفكارهم ومشاعرهم وهويتهم الجوهرية. علاوة على ذلك،
تعمل اللغة كمرآة ديناميكية تعكس التحولات الجارية داخل المجتمع، وفي الوقت نفسه،
كقوة فاعلة تشكل هذه التغيرات ذاتها.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تُعدّ
اللهجات، التي تُفهم على أنها تنويعات مميزة للغة أوسع، مرتبطة ارتباطاً وثيقاً
بالهوية. إنها تعمل كمؤشرات رئيسية للخلفيات الإقليمية والاجتماعية والثقافية.
تتجاوز اللهجات خصائصها اللغوية البحتة، فهي تحمل ثقلاً تاريخياً وثقافياً
واجتماعياً كبيراً ، وتجسد التراث الفريد لمتحدثيها.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;إن الفهم
العميق للهجات يقدم رؤى لا تقدر بثمن حول السياقات الثقافية المحددة،
والديناميكيات المعقدة للتفاعلات الاجتماعية، والمسار التطوري الأوسع للغة نفسها.
هذا الفهم حيوي لتقدير النسيج الغني للتنوع اللغوي على مستوى العالم وللمساهمة
بفعالية في الحفاظ على التراث الثقافي. يُعنى علم اللغة الاجتماعي، كتخصص متخصص،
بدراسة العلاقة التبادلية بين اللغة والمجتمع. فهو يبحث في كيفية تباين اللغة بين
المجموعات الاجتماعية المتميزة وكيف تساهم هذه الاختلافات في تغير اللغة والعملية
المعقدة لتشكيل الهوية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يهدف هذا
التقرير إلى تقديم تحليل علمي دقيق وشامل لكيفية تشكّل اللهجات المحلية وتأثيرها
العميق في بناء الهويات الفرعية. سيتناول التقرير ستة محاور تحليلية رئيسية:
أولاً، تحديد مفهوم اللهجات المحلية وأهميتها اللغوية؛ ثانياً، استكشاف العلاقة
المعقدة بين اللغة واللهجة والهوية؛ ثالثاً، تحليل العوامل الاجتماعية والاقتصادية
والتاريخية المتعددة التي تدفع ظهور اللهجات وتمايزها؛ رابعاً، دراسة كيفية عمل
اللهجات كعلامات للتمييز الاجتماعي والثقافي؛ خامساً، مناقشة التأثيرات
الديناميكية للتغيرات الثقافية والهجرة والتقنيات الحديثة على تطور اللهجات
واستمراريتها؛ وأخيراً، تقديم دراسات حالة تطبيقية لتأصيل المناقشات النظرية
بأمثلة واقعية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;II&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. تعريف اللهجات المحلية وأهميتها في التمييز
اللغوي&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تُعرف
اللهجة، في جوهرها، بأنها شكل مميز من أشكال اللغة، خاص بمناطق جغرافية معينة أو
مجتمعات اجتماعية محددة. تتميز هذه الأشكال بتنوعات فريدة في المفردات، والتراكيب
النحوية، وأنماط النطق. إنها تمثل طريقة معينة للتحدث بلغة ما، تكون مميزة لمكان
أو مجموعة اجتماعية معينة. من منظور لساني، تُصوّر اللهجة كنظام من الدلائل
الصوتية والقواعد التأليفية التي تفرعت عن لغة رئيسية. ومن الأهمية بمكان الإشارة
إلى أنها لم تكتسب بعد الوضعية الثقافية والاجتماعية التي ارتقيت إليها اللغة
الأم، وغالباً ما تظل غير مكتوبة وغير رسمية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تُستخدم
مصطلحات محددة للدلالة على أنواع مختلفة من اللهجات:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;اللهجة المحلية (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Patois&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; تشير إلى لهجة مقتصرة على بيئة ضيقة، غالباً ما تكون
     قروية، وتُستخدم داخل مجموعة محددة. تنشأ عادةً من لهجات جهوية أوسع أو نتيجة
     لتغيرات تحدث في اللغة الرسمية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;الرطانة (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Argot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; تدل على لهجة متخصصة (أو مصطلحات خاصة) تُستخدم حصرياً
     داخل طبقة اجتماعية أو مجموعة مهنية معينة، وغالباً ما تكون لأغراض السرية أو
     التواصل الداخلي للمجموعة.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;اللهجة الإقليمية (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Geographical Dialect&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; تُعرّف بتداولها في مناطق أو أقاليم محدودة ضمن بلد أو
     عدة بلدان.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;اللهجة الفردية (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Idiolect&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; تمثل الطريقة الفريدة والخاصة التي يتحدث بها الفرد لغة
     ما. إنها مجموع التعبيرات والأنماط اللغوية التي ينتجها شخص واحد في فترة
     معينة، وتشكل نظاماً لغوياً شخصياً مميزاً.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;اللهجة السوقية (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Slang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; تشير إلى لهجة غير رسمية، وغالباً ما تكون عابرة،
     وأحياناً مبتذلة، ومقتصرة على فئة اجتماعية محدودة.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;من الضروري
التمييز بين اللهجة واللكنة، حيث غالباً ما يتم الخلط بين هذين المصطلحين. تتعلق &lt;b&gt;اللكنة&lt;/b&gt;
حصراً بطريقة نطق الشخص المميزة للكلمات، والتي يمكن أن تشير إلى خلفيته الإقليمية
أو الاجتماعية. على النقيض من ذلك، فإن &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;اللهجة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; مفهوم لغوي أوسع بكثير. فهي لا تشمل
النطق فحسب، بل تتضمن أيضاً مفردات وتراكيب نحوية مميزة. على سبيل المثال، يمثل
الاختلاف في نطق كلمة &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;either&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot; (إما) كـ &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;eether&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;
أو &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;iyther&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;
تبايناً في اللكنة. أما استخدام كلمتي &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;dustbin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;
(سلة مهملات) أو &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;garbage
can&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot; (صندوق
قمامة) للإشارة إلى نفس الشيء، أو استخدام أنماط جمل مختلفة، فيدل على اختلاف
لهجي.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تلعب
اللهجات دوراً أساسياً في التمايز اللغوي، مما يتيح تحديد هوية الأفراد بناءً على
أصولهم الجغرافية، ووضعهم الاجتماعي والاقتصادي، وخلفيتهم العرقية. إن دراسة
اللهجات أساسية لفهم التطور التاريخي لمعاني الكلمات عبر السياقات البيئية
المتنوعة، وللتمييز بين الطرق المختلفة التي استخدمت بها القبائل العربية
المفردات. علاوة على ذلك، تساعد دراسة اللهجات اللغويين في تتبع أصول اللهجات
الحديثة إلى جذورها القديمة وفي بناء خرائط لغوية توضح التوزيع التاريخي وأنماط
هجرة المجتمعات. في نهاية المطاف، تقدم اللهجات نافذة عميقة على تاريخ وثقافة
وهويات المتحدثين في جميع أنحاء العالم. إنها ليست مجرد اختلافات سطحية، بل غالباً
ما تُعتبر كيانات منفصلة، لكل منها تاريخها الغني وأهميتها الثقافية، مما يؤكد
التعقيد والتنوع المتأصل في التعبير اللغوي البشري.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;إن التركيز
المستمر في العديد من المصادر على الخصائص الفريدة للهجات وارتباطها بمناطق أو
مجموعات محددة يشير إلى أن التباينات اللغوية الدقيقة المتأصلة في اللهجة ليست
اعتباطية، بل هي مظاهر مباشرة وقابلة للملاحظة لهياكل مجتمعية أعمق وحركات تاريخية
أقل وضوحاً. إذا كانت اللهجات تتشكل بفعل عوامل مثل العزلة الجغرافية أو الطبقة
الاجتماعية، فإن وجودها وخصائصها اللغوية المحددة تعمل كبصمة لغوية فريدة لأنماط
الاستيطان التاريخية، والطبقات الاجتماعية، والممارسات الثقافية السائدة. إن
الطريقة الخاصة التي تُنطق بها كلمة، أو تُبنى بها عبارة، أو تُستخدم بها مفردة
معينة (وجميعها سمات لهجية) يمكن أن تكشف عن أصل المتحدث الدقيق، أو مكانته
الاجتماعية، أو حتى مسارات هجرة أسلافه. هذا يعني أنه من خلال الدراسة الدقيقة
للهجات، يمكن لعلماء اللغة الاجتماعيين الكشف عن وفك رموز الديناميكيات المجتمعية
الكامنة والسرديات التاريخية التي قد لا تكون واضحة على الفور من خلال المؤشرات
الاجتماعية التقليدية الأخرى. وبهذا المعنى، يصبح علم اللهجات شكلاً من أشكال
الآثار اللغوية، مقدماً رؤى عميقة في الأنماط المعقدة للتفاعل البشري وعمليات
تشكيل المجتمع.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;جدول: أنواع اللهجات الرئيسية وخصائصها&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;thead&gt;
  &lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;&quot;&gt;
   &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;نوع
   اللهجة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تعريف
   موجز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;خصائص
   لغوية مميزة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;أمثلة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/thead&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 1;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لهجة
  محلية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (Patois)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لهجة
  مقتصرة على محيط ضيق ومجموعة محددة، غالباً قروية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;وقائع
  صوتية وقواعد تأليف خاصة، تنتج عن لهجة جهوية أو تغيرات في اللغة الرسمية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لهجة
  قروية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 2;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لهجة
  اجتماعية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (Sociolect)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لهجة
  تنشعب تبعاً لاختلاف طبقات الناس وفئاتهم الاجتماعية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;فروق في
  المفردات، أساليب التعبير، تكوين الجمل، ودلالة الألفاظ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لهجة
  الطبقة الأرستقراطية، لهجة الجنود، لهجة اللصوص والمجرمين&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 3;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لهجة
  إقليمية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (Regional
  Dialect)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لهجة يتم
  تداولها في منطقة أو مناطق محدودة من بلاد أو بلدان معينة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;نطق،
  مفردات، وقواعد نحوية مميزة لمنطقة جغرافية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لهجة
  الأوزارك، لهجة الأبالاش في الولايات المتحدة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 4;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لهجة
  فردية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (Idiolect)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;الطريقة
  الخاصة التي يتكلم بها الفرد لغة ما&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;مجموع
  التعابير التي ينتجها شخص واحد في فترة معينة، كنوع من الأنساق الخاصة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;طريقة
  كلام فرد معين&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 5;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;رطانة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (Argot)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لهجة
  محصورة في طائفة معينة من المجتمع، غالباً لغرض خاص أو سري&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;مفردات
  ومصطلحات خاصة بفئة معينة (مثل التجار أو العمال&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لهجة
  التجار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لهجة
  سوقية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (Slang)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لهجة
  مبتذلة محصورة في فئة اجتماعية محدودة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;مفردات
  وتعبيرات غير رسمية أو عامية، قد تكون مؤقتة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لهجة فئة
  اجتماعية محدودة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;III&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. العلاقة بين اللغة واللهجة والهوية&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تترابط
اللغة والهوية بشكل لا ينفصم؛ فاللغة التي يتحدث بها الفرد تشكل بعمق نظرته
للعالم، وقيمه الثقافية، وإحساسه الأساسي بالذات. إنها الوسيلة الأساسية التي يعبر
من خلالها الأفراد عن أفكارهم ومشاعرهم وهويتهم الجوهرية. كما أنها جانب محوري من
جوانب الهوية الثقافية، حيث تعمل كناقل رئيسي للقيم والمعايير والممارسات
الثقافية. وكما عبر أوليفر ويندل هولمز ببلاغة، &quot;اللغة هي دم الروح الذي تجري
فيه الأفكار ومنه تنمو&quot;، مما يؤكد تشابكها العميق مع الهوية الفردية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تعمل اللغة
كـ &quot;ذاكرة حية للمجتمع والحضارة&quot;، فهي تحفظ السرديات التاريخية والقيم
المجتمعية، وتعمل كوعاء لنقل الثقافة عبر الأجيال. إنها مكون أساسي للهوية، تعمل
كمرآة تعكس الهويات القائمة، وفي الوقت نفسه، كأداة نشطة لبناء هذه الهويات
وأدائها. بالإضافة إلى دورها الرمزي، تحمل اللغة أهمية أداتية هائلة في حياة
البشر. فهي ليست مجرد أداة للتواصل وتبادل المعلومات، بل هي أيضاً حاسمة لفهم
الواقع الذي نعيشه وتشكيله بفاعلية. إن مرونتها وثراءها يسمحان بالتواصل المعقد
بشكل لا مثيل له بين الكائنات الأخرى. كما أن اللغة هي الوسيلة الرئيسية للتهيئة
الاجتماعية للأطفال، وتستخدم لتمييز مجموعة من المتحدثين عن غيرهم. على سبيل
المثال، عندما يُوصف شخص بأنه &quot;ألماني&quot;، فإن ذلك يعني انتماءه إلى الأمة
الألمانية الناطقة باللغة الألمانية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تُعدّ
اللهجات مؤشرات حاسمة للهوية الجماعية، فهي تدل على الانتماء إلى مجموعة اجتماعية
أو ثقافية أو عرقية أوسع. وتعمل على ربط الأفراد ببعضهم البعض، مما يعزز تراثاً
لغوياً وثقافياً مشتركاً. منذ الطفولة المبكرة، تصبح اللغة أو اللهجة التي يتعلمها
الفرد جزءاً لا يتجزأ من هويته. ومن الملاحظ أن هذا الارتباط بين اللغة أو اللهجة
وهوية المتحدث غالباً ما يشتد ويصبح أقوى إذا تعرضت هذه اللغة أو اللهجة لضغوط
خارجية تحاول تغييرها.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;إن لهجات
المجموعات الفرعية، التي تتفرع عن مجموعة عرقية أو ثقافية رئيسية، تعمل أيضاً
كعلامات لهذه الهويات الفرعية الناشئة، حيث تشكل كل مجموعة فرعية هويتها المميزة
الخاصة بها. توجد علاقة قوية ومباشرة بين نمو وتطور هوية المجموعة ونمو وتطور
لهجتها. يعكس مفهوم &quot;حيوية اللغة&quot; القوة الداخلية لوجود اللهجة بين
أفراد المجموعة، والتي بدورها تعكس قوة تماسك المجموعة العرقية وتضامنها. إن
استخدام لكنة أو لهجة معينة يمكن أن يشير بوضوح إلى الانتماء إلى مجموعة اجتماعية
أو منطقة محددة. علاوة على ذلك، يمكن أن تعكس التغيرات الملحوظة في اللغة أو أسلوب
الكلام تحولات أعمق في الهوية، غالباً ما تكون ناجمة عن عوامل مثل الهجرة أو
العولمة. يستخدم الأفراد اللغة بشكل استراتيجي للإشارة إلى انتمائهم إلى مجموعة أو
مجتمع معين ، مما يعزز شعورهم بالانتماء. تعمل اللهجات بطبيعتها على تعزيز الشعور
بالانتماء، وتخلق روابط قوية بين المتحدثين، وتمكن الأفراد من التواصل بعمق مع تراثهم
الثقافي.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;إن الإشارة
إلى أن الضغوط الخارجية على اللغة أو اللهجة تؤدي إلى تكثيف ارتباطها بالهوية،
تشير إلى وجود آلية تفاعلية وتكيفية. في هذا السيناريو، يتحول التميز اللغوي إلى
أداة واعية أو غير واعية للتضامن الجماعي ووسيلة لمقاومة الاندماج في مجال لغوي أو
ثقافي مهيمن. وبالتالي، فإن &quot;حيوية اللغة&quot; في لهجة ما ليست مجرد مقياس
لتكرار استخدامها، بل هي مؤشر عميق على الإرادة الجماعية والتصميم على الحفاظ على
شكلها اللغوي الفريد كرمز قوي لهويتها المميزة. هذا يعني أن اللهجات تلعب دوراً
حيوياً ونشطاً في المرونة الاجتماعية والثقافية، مما يمكّن المجموعات الفرعية من
تأكيد وجودها، وتعزيز حدودها، وتمييز نفسها عن المجموعات الأخرى، بدلاً من مجرد
عكس الانقسامات الموجودة مسبقاً. هذا التفسير يسلط الضوء على فاعلية مستخدمي اللغة
في تشكيل هويتهم والتعبير عنها بفاعلية من خلال خياراتهم اللغوية المحددة، خاصة في
سياقات الديناميكيات بين المجموعات والتفاوض الثقافي.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تعمل اللغة
كمرآة تعكس التحولات التي تحدث داخل المجتمع، ولكنها أيضاً مشكل نشط لهذه التغيرات
الجارية. إنها تمكن البشر من الانخراط في التخيل الجماعي والتعاون على نطاق واسع
من خلال السرديات المشتركة والأساطير والذاكرة التاريخية، وكلها تنتقل لغوياً.
يعتمد الاختيار الاستراتيجي للغة أو اللهجة، وهي عملية تُعرف بـ
&quot;الترميز&quot;، بشكل كبير على السياق الاجتماعي. على سبيل المثال، يمكن
للمتحدثين ثنائيي اللغة التبديل بين اللغات بناءً على الموقف أو المحاور، مما يسمح
لهم بالتكيف وتعزيز هويتهم ضمن مجموعات اجتماعية مختلفة. إن &quot;التبديل
اللغوي&quot;، وهو ممارسة التناوب بين لغتين أو أكثر أو لهجتين أو أكثر ضمن محادثة
واحدة، غالباً ما يعكس تفاوض المتحدث على هويته. تتيح هذه المرونة اللغوية للأفراد
الإشارة إلى جوانب مختلفة من هويتهم حسب السياق، مثل استخدام لغة واحدة في المنزل
للتعبير عن الهوية العائلية ولغة أخرى في العمل لتناسب بيئة مهنية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;IV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. العوامل الاجتماعية، الاقتصادية،
والتاريخية المؤثرة في نشأة وتمايز اللهجات&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تتأثر نشأة
وتمايز اللهجات بمجموعة معقدة من العوامل الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والتاريخية، التي
تتفاعل لتشكل المشهد اللغوي للمجتمعات.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;العزلة الجغرافية&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تلعب
الحواجز الطبيعية، مثل السلاسل الجبلية، والأنهار، أو الصحاري الشاسعة، دوراً
مهماً في فصل المجتمعات اللغوية. تؤدي هذه العزلة إلى التطور المستقل لخصائص لغوية
مميزة وتشكيل لهجات فريدة. إن العزلة تقلل بطبيعتها من التبادل اللغوي بين
المجموعات، مما يزيد بدوره من احتمالية فقدان المفردات العشوائي داخل اللهجة ويدفع
بقوة تطورها المعجمي. تاريخياً، ساهمت الكثافة السكانية المنخفضة وأنماط الحياة
البدوية أيضاً في انقسام اللهجات عن طريق تقليل الاتصال المستمر بين المجموعات
المختلفة ضمن مجتمع لغوي أوسع.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;إن التأكيد
المتكرر والمكثف في العديد من المصادر على الحواجز الجغرافية كعامل أساسي في تشكيل
اللهجات يشير إلى أن الفصل المادي ليس مجرد عامل مساهم، بل هو محفز جوهري للتنوع
اللغوي. عندما تُعزل المجتمعات عن بعضها البعض مادياً، تضطر لغتها إلى التطور بشكل
مستقل، مما يؤدي إلى ظهور مفردات فريدة، وأنماط نطق مميزة، وتراكيب نحوية خاصة.
هذا التباين اللغوي، بدوره، يعزز ويصلب الهويات الثقافية المتميزة، حيث تصبح
اللهجة المشتركة والفريدة رمزاً قوياً بشكل استثنائي لذات المجموعة المعزولة
الجماعية. تُفهم هذه العملية على أفضل وجه كشكل من أشكال التطور الثقافي التراكمي،
حيث تؤثر القيود البيئية (مثل العزلة) بشكل مباشر في تشكيل الأنماط اللغوية. ثم
تصبح هذه الأنماط متأصلة بعمق في النسيج الثقافي للمجتمع، مما يجعل الفروق اللهجية
الناتجة مقاومة للغاية للتغيير ويصعب عكسها على مدى فترات طويلة، غالباً ما تمتد
لقرون.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;الطبقات الاجتماعية&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تساهم
الاختلافات الناجمة عن الطبقة الاجتماعية، والمهن المحددة، والخلفيات العرقية،
والفئات العمرية، والجنس، بشكل كبير في ظهور &quot;اللهجات الاجتماعية&quot;.
تتجذر هذه التمايزات في تباينات المعايير الثقافية، والتربية، وأنماط التفكير، والتعبير
العاطفي، ومستوى المعيشة، والحياة الأسرية، والبيئة الاجتماعية، والتقاليد
السائدة. علاوة على ذلك، تلعب المهام والوظائف المحددة المرتبطة بكل مجموعة
اجتماعية أو مهنة دوراً حاسماً في تشكيل تعبيراتهم اللغوية الفريدة. تترك المهن
والوظائف المحددة بصمات عميقة على الأنماط المعرفية واللغوية للمشتغلين بها، مما
يستلزم غالباً إنشاء مصطلحات متخصصة للأمور التي تتكرر في حياتهم اليومية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تُظهر
الفئات العمرية اختلافات جيلية واضحة في المفردات والخصائص اللغوية، حيث غالباً ما
يقود المتحدثون الأصغر سناً تبني مصطلحات عامية جديدة وابتكارات لغوية. تؤثر
العرقية في اللهجة من خلال التراث الثقافي المشترك والتواصل اللغوي التاريخي، مما
يؤدي إلى أشكال لغوية فريدة. تشكل الطبقة الاجتماعية استخدام اللغة بشكل مباشر من
خلال ارتباطها بمستوى التعليم، والمهنة، والدخل. كما أن البيئات المتناقضة بين
المناطق الحضرية والريفية تشكل اللهجات، متأثرة بالتعرض لمدخلات لغوية متنوعة
ومعدلات مختلفة لتغير اللغة.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;إن ظهور
واستمرار اللهجات الاجتماعية ليس مجرد تباينات في الكلام؛ بل هي مظاهر عميقة
للطبقات الاجتماعية الكامنة وديناميكيات القوة داخل المجتمع. عندما تصبح لهجة
مجموعة ما شديدة التميز أو حتى غير مفهومة تقريباً للغرباء، فإنها تعمل بفعالية
كحاجز لغوي يعزز الحدود الاجتماعية القائمة. يمكن أن يكون هذا عملاً واعياً
للتحديد الجماعي والتضامن (كما يتضح من المصطلحات المتخصصة أو اللغات السرية التي
تتبناها المجموعات المهمشة مثل المجرمين أو الرهبان، ) أو نتيجة غير واعية للتجارب
المشتركة والممارسات المشتركة داخل طبقة اجتماعية معينة. غالباً ما يتناسب مدى
الانحراف اللغوي عن اللغة &quot;العامة&quot; أو المهيمنة بشكل مباشر مع المسافة
الاجتماعية أو عزلة المجموعة. هذا يؤكد كيف أن التباين اللغوي يتشابك بعمق مع
الحفاظ على التسلسلات الهرمية الاجتماعية وتأكيد الهويات الجماعية المتميزة داخل
تلك التسلسلات الهرمية. وبالتالي، يمكن أن تكون الفروق اللهجية سبباً ونتيجة
للتلاحم الاجتماعي أو الانقسام، مما يشكل ويعكس المشهد الاجتماعي بفاعلية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;الأحداث التاريخية، الهجرات، والاتصال الثقافي&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تؤثر
الأحداث التاريخية الكبرى، بما في ذلك الغزوات، والهجرات واسعة النطاق، وشبكات
التجارة الواسعة، والاستعمار، والتحولات السياسية، تأثيراً عميقاً في تطور وتمايز
اللهجات. تُعرف الهجرة، على وجه الخصوص، بأنها عامل خارجي رئيسي يدفع التغير
اللغوي الناجم عن الاتصال، مما يؤدي حتماً إلى اتصال لغوي أو لهجي بين المجتمعات
المختلفة. تؤدي حركة الناس هذه إلى تغيير التوازنات الديموغرافية ويمكن أن تسفر عن
تفاعلات لغوية جديدة، واختلاط لغوي، وتطور لاحق لأنواع لغوية جديدة. يُلاحظ أن
المهاجرين الشباب يلعبون دوراً حاسماً في إدخال مصطلحات عامية ومفردات جديدة إلى
اللهجات المحلية القائمة، مما يساهم في تطورها.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ساهمت
أحداث تاريخية مثل تجارة الرقيق عبر الأطلسي بشكل مباشر في تشكيل لهجات مميزة،
أبرزها الإنجليزية العامية الأمريكية الأفريقية (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;AAVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;).
يوضح انتشار اللغات، مثل العربية من خلال الهجرات العربية إلى بلاد الشام وشمال
أفريقيا، كيف تؤدي الحركات التاريخية إلى الانتشار اللغوي. كما أثر تفاعل غير
العرب الذين تعلموا وتحدثوا العربية بشكل كبير في اللهجات العربية المختلفة. يؤدي
الاتصال بلغات أخرى (مثل تأثير الأمازيغية والفرنسية في اللهجة المغربية، والقبطية
والإيطالية واليونانية في اللهجة المصرية) إلى اكتساب كلمات وتعبيرات جديدة، مما
يثري وينوع اللهجات المحلية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;إن الهجرة،
على الرغم من كونها محركاً قوياً للتغير اللغوي، تعمل كقوة مزدوجة، قادرة على
تنويع اللهجات وتجانسها في آن واحد. في البداية، يمكن أن تؤدي إلى التنوع من خلال
إدخال عناصر لغوية جديدة (مفردات، تراكيب نحوية) من لهجة المهاجر الأصلية أو لغته
إلى اللغة المضيفة، أو من خلال تعزيز إنشاء أشكال لغوية هجينة (مثل &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;calques&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;
في الإسبانية في ميامي ؛ التأثيرات على اللهجات المغربية والمصرية ؛ تطور اللغات
البيدجينية والكريولية ). غالباً ما يكون هذا التنوع الأولي أكثر وضوحاً بين
المهاجرين الشباب الذين يكتسبون أشكالاً جديدة بسهولة أكبر. ومع ذلك، على المدى
الطويل ومع زيادة التفاعل والتكامل المستمر، غالباً ما تدفع الهجرة إلى تقارب
اللهجات. قد يكيف المهاجرون كلامهم ليتوافق مع اللهجة المحلية لوجهتهم (تكيف لغوي
)، أو قد تتراجع لهجتهم الأصلية في الاستخدام، خاصة إذا كانت تمثل لغة أقلية تواجه
ضغطاً من لغة مهيمنة. تساهم هذه العملية في &quot;دمج اللهجات&quot; ويمكن أن تؤدي
في النهاية إلى اختفاء اللهجات التي يتحدث بها عدد قليل نسبياً من الناس. تعتمد
النتيجة النهائية - سواء كانت تنوعاً أو تقارباً/فقداناً - على تفاعل معقد من
العوامل، بما في ذلك طبيعة وكثافة الاتصال اللغوي، وأنواع المجتمعات المعنية،
وديناميكيات القوة بين اللغات المتصلة، ومدة وحجم حركات الهجرة.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;الظروف الاقتصادية&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يمكن
للعوامل الاقتصادية والتحولات الكبيرة في المشهد الاقتصادي أن تؤدي إلى هجرات
وتغيرات جوهرية في التنظيم الاجتماعي، والتي بدورها تؤثر بشكل مباشر في استخدام
اللغة وتطور اللهجات. غالباً ما تواجه المجتمعات التي تعاني من الفقر أو التهميش
الاجتماعي تحديات كبيرة في الحفاظ على لغاتها ولهجاتها المميزة. على سبيل المثال،
أدت العمليات التاريخية مثل التصنيع إلى تحولات كبيرة في اللهجات بسبب أنماط
الهجرة الواسعة النطاق من الريف إلى المدن. يمكن أن تؤدي تركزات القوة الاقتصادية
والسياسية في أيدي قلة، بالإضافة إلى ظواهر مثل نزوح السكان، إلى توزيعات
ديموغرافية غير متوازنة واكتساب سريع وواسع النطاق للغة من قبل البالغين، مما يؤدي
غالباً إلى تغير لغوي سريع.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ومن المثير
للاهتمام أن الاختلافات اللهجية نفسها يمكن أن تعمل كحواجز مهمة أمام التبادل الاقتصادي،
مما يقلل من الهجرة الثنائية، والتجارة، وانتشار المعرفة. يعود ذلك إلى أن الناس
غالباً ما يظهرون تفضيلاً للسكن والتفاعل مع الأفراد من البيئات المألوفة لغوياً.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تؤثر
الظروف الاقتصادية تأثيراً قوياً وذا اتجاهين على اللهجات. من ناحية، تعمل الفرص
الاقتصادية (مثل التصنيع الذي يؤدي إلى الهجرة من الريف إلى الحضر ) أو الصعوبات
الاقتصادية (مثل الفقر الذي يؤدي إلى تحديات في الحفاظ على اللغة ) كمحركات رئيسية
للتغير اللهجي. وتتحقق هذه التأثيرات من خلال تغيير توزيع السكان، وإعادة تشكيل
أنماط التفاعل الاجتماعي، والتأثير في المكانة المرتبطة بأشكال لغوية معينة. من
ناحية أخرى، تصبح الاختلافات اللهجية الناتجة عوامل اقتصادية مهمة بحد ذاتها. فهي
تعمل كـ &quot;حواجز&quot; أمام الهجرة الداخلية، والتجارة، وانتشار المعرفة، حيث
يميل الأفراد إلى التمييز ضد اللهجات غير المألوفة ويظهرون تفضيلاً قوياً للبيئات
المألوفة لغوياً. هذا يعني أنه بينما تلعب القوى الاقتصادية دوراً أساسياً في
تشكيل اللهجات، فإن اللهجات، بدورها، يمكن أن تعيق أو تسهل التكامل الاقتصادي
الأوسع والحراك الاجتماعي. هذه الديناميكية تخلق حلقة تغذية راجعة معقدة بين
الجوانب الاجتماعية والاقتصادية واللغوية، مما يوضح كيف يمكن للتنوع اللغوي، الذي
يتشكل بعمق بفعل القوى التاريخية والاقتصادية، أن يكون له عواقب اقتصادية ملموسة
وبعيدة المدى على الأفراد والمجتمعات.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. اللهجات كعلامات للتمييز الاجتماعي
والثقافي وتعزيز الانتماء&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تُعدّ اللهجات
أكثر من مجرد تنويعات لغوية؛ إنها أشكال مميزة للغة تعكس بعمق تاريخ المجتمع
الفريد، وتقاليده المتأصلة، وتجاربه المشتركة. إنها تعمل كمؤشرات لغوية معقدة تكشف
وتعزز الهياكل والديناميكيات المجتمعية. يمكن للطريقة التي يتحدث بها الفرد أن
تقدم دلائل مهمة حول طبقته الاجتماعية، أو مجموعته العرقية، أو حتى خلفيته
المهنية. علاوة على ذلك، تنقل اللهجات معلومات حول خلفية المتحدث الأوسع، ومستوى
تعليمه، ووضعه الاجتماعي والاقتصادي. من خلال استخدام أو حذف خيارات لغوية محددة،
يشير الأفراد إلى عضويتهم في مجموعات معينة تُعرف بمكان نشأة مشترك، أو وضع
اجتماعي مماثل، أو مهنة مشتركة، أو انتماءات أخرى. تصبح اللغة، في هذا السياق،
جانباً متعدد الأبعاد لتكوين الهوية والتعبير عنها.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تتجاوز
وظيفة اللهجات الأساسية في الإشارة إلى خلفية المتحدث، فهي تعمل كشكل قوي من
&quot;رأس المال الاجتماعي المتجسد&quot;. يمكن أن يمنح التحدث بلهجة معينة مزايا
كبيرة - بما في ذلك القبول الاجتماعي، وتعزيز الثقة، وحتى الفوائد الاقتصادية -
ضمن &quot;المجموعة الداخلية&quot;. وعلى العكس من ذلك، فإن التحدث بلهجة تُعتبر
&quot;مختلفة&quot; أو &quot;غير معيارية&quot; يمكن أن يثير تحيزات لا واعية
ويؤدي إلى تصورات سلبية، أو إقصاء اجتماعي، أو حتى تمييز صريح. تشير هذه
الديناميكية إلى أن التباين اللهجي ليس مجرد ظاهرة لغوية محايدة، بل هو جزء لا
يتجزأ من هياكل القوة الاجتماعية، والتسلسلات الهرمية للمكانة، وآليات الإدماج
والإقصاء داخل المجتمع. يُظهر &quot;تحيز اللكنة&quot; والظاهرة الأوسع للتمييز
اللغوي كيف تُستخدم اللهجات بفاعلية لتصنيف الأفراد والحكم عليهم وتمييزهم،
وبالتالي تعزيز التسلسلات الهرمية الاجتماعية القائمة وحدود المجموعات. ونتيجة
لذلك، تُعدّ اللهجات أدوات قوية، وغالباً ما تكون غير واعية، في التفاوض على
الهوية الاجتماعية وتوزيع فرص الوصول إلى الموارد.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تعمل
اللهجات كمصدر عميق للفخر لدى متحدثيها، مما يخلق روابط عميقة بجذورهم ويغرس
شعوراً قوياً بالانتماء داخل مجتمعهم. إنها تعمل بنشاط كـ &quot;علامات للفخر
الإقليمي&quot;، مما يسمح للأفراد بالتعبير عن انتماءاتهم الجغرافية والثقافية.
يميل الأفراد بطبيعة الحال إلى تبني لهجة المجموعة التي ينتمون إليها، مستخدمين
إياها كإشارة قوية لعضويتهم وتضامنهم مع تلك المجموعة. علاوة على ذلك، يُعدّ
الشعور القوي بـ &quot;الولاء اللغوي&quot; للهجة الفرد آلية شائعة للحفاظ على
الهوية الاجتماعية وتمييز الذات عن المجموعات الأخرى. يمكن أن يؤدي الاستخدام
المستمر للهجة معينة، حتى بعد الانتقال إلى منطقة مختلفة، كطريقة خفية ولكنها قوية
للتعبير عن الفخر بالمسقط الرأس والحفاظ على الارتباط بالأصول.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يُعدّ
التمييز اللغوي قضية منتشرة حيث يُعامل الأفراد بشكل غير عادل بناءً على استخدامهم
للغة، أو لهجتهم، أو لكنتهم. يمكن أن يؤدي هذا الشكل من التحيز إلى عواقب وخيمة،
بما في ذلك الإقصاء الاجتماعي، وتدني احترام الذات، وعدم تكافؤ الفرص في مجالات
حيوية مثل التعليم والتوظيف. غالباً ما ترتبط الصور النمطية السلبية بلهجات أو
لكنات معينة، مما يؤدي إلى تحيز متأصل. على سبيل المثال، قد يُنظر إلى بعض اللهجات
خطأً على أنها تدل على &quot;ذكاء أقل&quot; أو &quot;احترافية أقل&quot;. في
البيئات التعليمية، يمكن أن يؤدي هذا التحيز إلى توقعات أقل من المعلمين تجاه
الطلاب الذين يتحدثون لهجات غير معيارية، مما يؤثر لاحقاً في الأداء الأكاديمي
لهؤلاء الطلاب وثقتهم بأنفسهم.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تتشكل
المواقف المجتمعية تجاه اللهجات بشكل كبير من خلال مكانة اللغة المعيارية وسلطتها.
ترتبط اللغات المعيارية عادةً بالتعليم الرسمي، والمؤسسات الحكومية، ووسائل
الإعلام الرئيسية، مما يمنحها مكانة مهيمنة في الحياة العامة. ظاهرة شائعة هي
&quot;تحيز اللكنة&quot;، حيث يميل الأفراد إلى إصدار أحكام أكثر إيجابية على
أولئك الذين يستخدمون نفس لكنتهم. قد يكون هذا التفضيل قد تطور كإشارة تطورية
لتحديد أفراد المجموعة الداخلية. تشير الأبحاث إلى أنه كلما ابتعد الصوت عن
&quot;متوسط&quot; أو &quot;نموذج&quot; اللهجة المتصور، زاد احتمال تصنيفه على
أنه أقل جاذبية أو أكثر غرابة. يمكن أن يتجلى التمييز اللغوي في أشكال صريحة (مثل
سياسات الاستيعاب اللغوي القسري) وأشكال ضمنية (مثل التحيزات اللاواعية ضد خصائص
لغوية معينة أو أشكال التواصل).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;إن مفهوم
&quot;اللغة المعيارية&quot; ليس مجرد تصنيف لغوي محايد؛ بل هو بناء اجتماعي سياسي
قوي يمنح بطبيعته المكانة والسلطة، وغالباً ما يمنح وضعاً مميزاً. غالباً ما يصبح
هذا &quot;المعيار&quot; المعيار الضمني أو الصريح الذي تُحكم على أساسه جميع
اللهجات الأخرى، مما يؤدي إلى وصمها بأنها &quot;دون المستوى&quot;، أو &quot;غير
صحيحة&quot;، أو &quot;غير مهنية&quot;. هذه العملية، التي تدفعها السياسات
الصريحة والمواقف السلبية الضمنية ، تنمي شعوراً بعدم الأمان اللغوي بين متحدثي
اللهجات غير المعيارية، مما يؤثر بعمق في احترامهم لذاتهم، وأدائهم الأكاديمي،
وفرصهم المهنية. وبالتالي، فإن وجود اللغة المعيارية وتعزيزها النشط، بينما يسهل
ظاهرياً التواصل الأوسع والتلاحم الوطني، يعمل في الوقت نفسه كأداة للهيمنة
اللغوية. إنه يعزز التسلسلات الهرمية الاجتماعية القائمة ويمكن أن يؤدي بفعالية
إلى تهميش وإقصاء المجموعات التي تنحرف لهجاتها عن المعيار المتصور. ولهذا آثار
عميقة على العدالة الاجتماعية، والتنوع الثقافي، والاعتراف بالحقوق اللغوية داخل
المجتمع.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;VI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. الديناميكيات الثقافية واللغوية: تأثير
التغيرات الثقافية، الهجرة، والتقنيات الحديثة&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تتأثر
اللهجات المحلية وتطورها بشكل كبير بالديناميكيات الثقافية واللغوية المعاصرة،
والتي تشمل التغيرات الثقافية، أنماط الهجرة، وتأثير التقنيات الحديثة.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تأثير التغيرات الثقافية على اللهجات&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ترتبط
اللغة والثقافة بعلاقة تبادلية عميقة؛ فقدرة الفرد على تعلم وإتقان لغة ما تعتمد
بشكل كبير على فهمه وإدراكه لثقافتها المرتبطة بها، وعلى العكس، تجسد اللغة
بطبيعتها وتنقل الصفات الثقافية. تؤثر الاختلافات الثقافية بشكل مباشر في جوانب
مختلفة من تعلم اللغة واستخدامها، بما في ذلك أنماط النطق، واختيارات المفردات،
والاستخدام المناسب للتعبيرات. يمكن أن تؤثر التغيرات الكبيرة في أنماط استخدام
الأراضي والسلوك البشري تأثيراً ملموساً في اللهجات الإقليمية والملامح الثقافية
الأوسع للمنطقة. كما أن القيم الثقافية، مثل التركيز على احترام السلطة أو
الالتزام بالتقاليد، بالإضافة إلى الممارسات الثقافية مثل سرد القصص أو اللغة
الطقسية، تشكل بنشاط التباين اللهجي داخل المجتمع. ويُعدّ ظهور وانتشار الظواهر
الصناعية والثقافية، إلى جانب العلاقات السياسية والاقتصادية والثقافية المتطورة،
محركات رئيسية لتطور اللغة وتغيرها.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;إن
التغيرات الثقافية، سواء كانت نابعة من التطور المجتمعي الداخلي أو مدفوعة
بتأثيرات خارجية (مثل العولمة أو التصنيع )، تؤثر بشكل مباشر في البيئة التي
تُتعلم فيها اللهجة، وتُمارس، وتُنقل. إذا تراجعت الممارسات الثقافية التقليدية
التي تعزز اللهجة (مثل سرد القصص، أو الطقوس المحددة ) أو توقفت، أو إذا تحول
السياق الثقافي لمفردات وتعبيرات معينة بشكل كبير ، فإن اللهجة نفسها إما أن تتكيف
مع هذه الحقائق الجديدة، مما قد يؤدي إلى فقدان خصائص مميزة، أو أن تواجه تراجعاً
في الاستخدام. يُعدّ &quot;نقص الانتقال بين الأجيال&quot; نقطة محورية: فإذا لم
تُنقل القيم والمعايير والممارسات الثقافية التي تدعم وتحافظ على اللهجة بفعالية
من الأجيال الأكبر سناً إلى الأجيال الأصغر، فإن اللهجة تفقد سياقها الحي وبيئتها
الطبيعية للاكتساب والاستخدام. هذا يعني أن استمرارية اللهجة وحيويتها تعتمدان
بشكل عميق على الممارسات الثقافية النشطة والمتسقة لمتحدثيها، مما يجعلها شديدة
التأثر بالتحولات الثقافية السريعة، خاصة تلك التي تعطل بيئات التعلم الاجتماعي
التقليدية وأنماط التواصل بين الأجيال.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تأثير الهجرة على استمرارية وتطور اللهجات&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تُعرف
الهجرة بأنها عامل خارجي رئيسي يؤدي مباشرة إلى التغير اللغوي الناجم عن الاتصال،
مما يسفر حتماً عن اتصال لغوي أو لهجي بين المجتمعات المختلفة. إنها تبدأ تفاعلات
لغوية جديدة، وتعزز الاختلاط اللغوي، وتساهم في تطور أنواع لغوية جديدة. يلعب
المهاجرون الشباب، على وجه الخصوص، دوراً مهماً في إدخال مصطلحات عامية ومفردات
جديدة إلى اللهجات المحلية القائمة، مما يساهم في تطورها المستمر. ومن المفارقات،
أن الظواهر الحديثة مثل السفر الجماعي، وزيادة التحضر، وتعزيز الحراك الاجتماعي
تميل نحو دمج اللهجات والاختفاء التدريجي لتلك التي يتحدث بها عدد قليل نسبياً من
الناس. تاريخياً، حدث انتشار عائلات لغوية رئيسية، مثل اللغات الهندية الأوروبية،
غالباً من خلال فرض هذه اللغات على السكان الأصليين بدلاً من مجرد استبدال السكان.
وبالمثل، حلت اللاتينية محل اللغات الكلتية السابقة في أجزاء من أوروبا من خلال
تخلي السكان عن الأخيرة على مر الأجيال، حيث قدمت اللاتينية فائدة أكبر. تشير
الأبحاث إلى أن معدلات الهجرة تميل إلى الزيادة مع التقارب اللغوي، مما يوحي بأن
الناس يفضلون الاستقرار في البيئات التي تكون فيها اللغة أو اللهجة المحلية
مألوفة. وعلى العكس، تميل الوجهات التي تتميز بتنوع لغوي واستقطاب عالٍ إلى جذب
عدد أقل من المهاجرين، مما يشير إلى حاجز محتمل أمام الاندماج.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;بينما
تُدخل الهجرة عناصر لغوية جديدة وتعزز التهجين (مثل &quot;الكبابنورسك&quot;
المثير للجدل في النرويج، وهو مزيج من العربية والتركية والبنجابية والنرويجية ؛
وتأثير الأمازيغية والفرنسية والقبطية والإيطالية واليونانية في اللهجات المغربية
والمصرية ؛ وتطور اللغات البيدجينية والكريولية )، فإن التأثير طويل المدى في عالم
يتسم بالعولمة والترابط المتزايد غالباً ما يميل نحو دمج اللهجات وتراجع اللهجات الأصغر
والأكثر محلية. ويعود ذلك إلى أن زيادة الاتصال المستمر تقلل من العزلة الجغرافية
والاجتماعية التي كانت تعزز تقليدياً تطور اللهجات الفريدة. تكمن المفارقة في أنه
بينما قد يخلق الاتصال الأولي أشكالاً هجينة وتنوعات لغوية جديدة، فإن الاتصال
الواسع والمستمر، إلى جانب عوامل مثل التحضر ووسائل الإعلام الجماهيرية، يمكن أن
يؤدي إلى تأثير تسوية. في هذه العملية، غالباً ما تُمتص الخصائص المميزة للهجات
الأقل هيمنة في أشكال أكثر انتشاراً أو تُفقد ببساطة لصالح تنويعات لغوية أكثر
فهماً أو مرموقة. هذا يشير إلى تفاعل ديناميكي حيث يمكن أن يؤدي التنوع الأولي،
المدفوع بالاتصال، في النهاية إلى تجانس لغوي أوسع، خاصة بالنسبة للهجات التي
تفتقر إلى دعم مؤسسي قوي أو قاعدة متحدثين كبيرة ومتماسكة.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تأثير التقنيات الحديثة&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لقد أثرت
التكنولوجيا بعمق في اللغة، مما جعل التواصل أسرع وأكثر كفاءة بشكل ملحوظ. وقد أدى
ذلك إلى التطور السريع لأشكال لغوية جديدة، مثل الرموز التعبيرية (الإيموجي)
والاختصارات. تسهل شبكة الإنترنت ومنصات التواصل الاجتماعي التواصل الأسرع والأسهل
بين الأفراد من خلفيات لغوية متنوعة، بما في ذلك أولئك الذين ينتمون إلى بلدان عربية
مختلفة. وقد أسفر هذا الترابط عن ظهور مفردات وتعبيرات مشتركة تتجاوز الحدود
اللهجية التقليدية. يعزز التواصل الاجتماعي والرسائل النصية تحديداً أسلوب كتابة
أكثر غير رسمية، يتميز بالاختصارات واللغة العامية، مما يؤثر بدوره في اللغة
المنطوقة.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;إن
الانتشار المتزايد لواجهات الذكاء الاصطناعي التخاطبية، المدفوعة بالتطورات في
تقنيات الكلام واللغة، يحمل إمكانية التأثير بشكل كبير في أنماط التواصل البشري،
بما في ذلك اللكنة، والتنغيم، وأسلوب الكلام العام. وقد لوحظ أن المستخدمين يكيفون
كلامهم ليتوافق مع المحاورين الاصطناعيين، وهي ظاهرة تُعرف بـ &quot;التكيف
اللغوي&quot;. يمكن لهذا &quot;التكيف اللغوي&quot; الملاحظ في تفاعلات الإنسان
بالذكاء الاصطناعي، بمرور الوقت، أن يؤدي إلى تغيرات طويلة المدى على المستويين
الفردي والمجتمعي، وبالتالي يساهم في تشكيل اللهجات وتغير اللغة على نطاق أوسع.
والأهم من ذلك، يمكن أن تُمتص أنماط الكلام المتأثرة بالذكاء الاصطناعي في اللغة
اليومية العامة، مما يشكل أساليب الكلام المعتادة للأفراد، ومعها تعبيرهم عن
الهوية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تاريخياً،
تأثر تشكيل اللهجات وتمايزها بشكل كبير بالعزلة الجغرافية وديناميكيات الشبكات
الاجتماعية وجهاً لوجه. ومع ذلك، تُدخل التقنيات الحديثة نواقل جديدة تماماً وغير
جغرافية للانتشار اللغوي. فوسائل التواصل الاجتماعي، على سبيل المثال، تخلق
&quot;مجتمعات افتراضية&quot; حيث يمكن للمصطلحات العامية، والمستحدثات اللغوية،
والابتكارات اللغوية أن تنتشر بسرعة غير مسبوقة عبر مسافات شاسعة، متجاوزة بفعالية
الحدود الإقليمية والمادية التقليدية. علاوة على ذلك، تُقدم أنظمة الذكاء
الاصطناعي التفاعلية شكلاً جديداً وقوياً من المدخلات اللغوية التي يمكن أن تؤدي
إلى &quot;التكيف اللغوي&quot;، حيث يكيف المستخدمون أنماط كلامهم دون وعي ليتوافقوا
مع محاوري الذكاء الاصطناعي. تحمل هذه الظاهرة إمكانية تشكيل أساليب الكلام
المعتادة للمستخدمين، وبالتالي تعبيرهم عن الهوية. هذا يعني أن التطورات
التكنولوجية لا تغير فقط &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;كيف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; نتواصل، بل تغير بشكل أساسي &lt;i&gt;ماذا&lt;/i&gt;
نتواصل و&lt;i&gt;كيف&lt;/i&gt; تتطور لهجاتنا. يمكن أن يؤدي هذا إلى تجانس بعض الخصائص
اللغوية عبر مناطق جغرافية أوسع وغير متجاورة، بينما يعزز في الوقت نفسه إنشاء
تنوعات لغوية جديدة، رقمية الأصل. هذا الديناميكية الناشئة تتحدى الفهم التقليدي
لجغرافية اللهجات وتؤكد الأهمية المتزايدة للشبكات الاجتماعية الافتراضية وتفاعل
الإنسان بالذكاء الاصطناعي في دفع التغير اللغوي المعاصر.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;دور العولمة في التحول اللغوي والتنوع&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تعمل
العولمة كمسرّع قوي للتغير اللغوي، مما يؤدي إلى ظهور سريع لمشاهد لغوية جديدة عبر
العالم. إنها تكثف الاتصال اللغوي ويمكن أن تسفر عن انتشار واسع للغات العالمية
(مثل الإنجليزية والصينية الماندرين)، وظهور أنواع لغوية جديدة وأشكال هجينة،
وبشكل حاسم، تسريع التحول اللغوي أو حتى فقدان اللغة. يؤدي الترابط الذي تعززه
العولمة إلى زيادة التعددية اللغوية، مع انتقال اللغات بين المجتمعات والثقافات
والاقتصادات بوتيرة متزايدة السرعة.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تصبح
اللغات العالمية المهيمنة، ولا سيما الإنجليزية، أكثر انتشاراً في التجارة
الدولية، ووسائل الإعلام، والتكنولوجيا، مما يمارس ضغطاً كبيراً على اللهجات
المحلية للتوافق مع هذه الأشكال المهيمنة أو للتراجع في الاستخدام. يحدث
&quot;التحول اللغوي&quot; عندما يتبنى مجتمع ما لغة جديدة تدريجياً، غالباً ما
يكون ذلك مدفوعاً بعوامل اجتماعية أو اقتصادية أو سياسية قاهرة. يمكن أن تؤدي هذه
العملية إلى تراجع اللغة الأصلية وفقدانها في نهاية المطاف. يمثل &quot;موت
اللغة&quot; النتيجة النهائية، ويحدث عندما تفقد اللغة جميع متحدثيها الأصليين.
تهدد هذه الظاهرة المعرفة الثقافية الفريدة، والهوية، والتراث التاريخي المرتبط
بتلك اللغة.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تخلق
العولمة، مدفوعة بشكل أساسي بالترابط الاقتصادي والتكنولوجي، ضغطاً قوياً، وغالباً
ما لا يقاوم، نحو التوحيد اللغوي. هذه الظاهرة تفضل بشكل خاص اللغات
&quot;المركزية الفائقة&quot; مثل الإنجليزية ، والتي تكتسب مكانة وفائدة هائلتين
في السياقات الدولية. غالباً ما تؤدي هيمنة هذه اللغات في التجارة العالمية،
ووسائل الإعلام، والتكنولوجيا إلى تهميش وتقليل قيمة اللهجات المحلية ولغات
الأقليات. إن المزايا الاقتصادية والاجتماعية الكبيرة المرتبطة بإتقان لغة عالمية
تحفز بنشاط التحول اللغوي، مما يجبر المجتمعات على التخلي تدريجياً عن لهجاتها أو
لغاتها الأصلية لصالح اللغات الأكثر هيمنة. تهدد هذه العملية، إذا تُركت دون رادع،
النسيج الغني للتنوع اللغوي في جميع أنحاء العالم والتراث الثقافي القيم المتأصل
في هذه الأشكال الفريدة من التعبير. وبالتالي، فإن العولمة ليست مجرد عامل مساعد
للاتصال اللغوي؛ بل هي قوة عميقة تشكل بنشاط تسلسلاً هرمياً لغوياً عالمياً يمكن
أن يؤدي إلى تآكل، وفي نهاية المطاف، فقدان الهويات اللهجية المتميزة.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;VII&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. أمثلة تطبيقية ودراسات حالة&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لتوضيح
المفاهيم النظرية التي نوقشت سابقاً، تُقدم الأمثلة التالية دراسات حالة حية
لكيفية تشكيل اللهجات المحلية للهويات الفرعية في مجتمعات محددة.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;الإنجليزية العامية الأمريكية الأفريقية (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;AAVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تُعدّ
الإنجليزية العامية الأمريكية الأفريقية (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;AAVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) لهجة معقدة ومتعددة الأوجه يتحدث بها بشكل
أساسي الأمريكيون السود. تتميز بقواعدها النحوية وأنماط نطقها الفريدة التي تختلف
بوضوح عن الإنجليزية الأمريكية المعيارية (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;SAE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). على الرغم من قواعدها اللغوية المنظمة
واستخدامها الواسع، واجهت &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;AAVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; تاريخياً وصماً كبيراً، وغالباً ما وُصفت
خطأً بأنها &quot;لغة عامية&quot; أو &quot;إنجليزية مكسورة&quot;. يؤدي هذا
التصور السلبي في كثير من الأحيان إلى نتائج سلبية لمتحدثي &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;AAVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
في البيئات التعليمية والمهنية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تتجاوز &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;AAVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
وظيفتها التواصلية؛ فهي تعمل كأداة قوية للمقاومة، وعلامة عميقة للهوية الثقافية،
وأداة رئيسية في السعي لتحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية. تاريخياً، خلال عصر العبودية،
استخدم الأفارقة المستعبدون &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;AAVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; ببراعة للتواصل سراً، والتخطيط للتمردات،
ونقل الرسائل المشفرة، مما يدل على دورها كلغة للبقاء والمقاومة. في حركات العدالة
الاجتماعية المعاصرة، مثل حركة &quot;حياة السود مهمة&quot; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Black Lives Matter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)، استخدم النشطاء &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;AAVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
بفعالية لتعبئة وتنظيم الاحتجاجات والتجمعات وحملات وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي.
وتُستخدم لتحدي وحشية الشرطة، والعنصرية المنهجية، وعدم المساواة الاقتصادية،
ولإنشاء روايات مضادة تتحدى الخطابات المهيمنة.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تلعب &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;AAVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
دوراً حاسماً في تشكيل الهوية والثقافة الأمريكية الأفريقية. إنها تعمل كإشارة
واضحة للانتماء إلى المجتمع الأمريكي الأفريقي، وتعزز الشعور بالتضامن، وتنقل
قيماً ومعايير وممارسات ثقافية فريدة، وتسمح بالتعبير الأصيل عن الذات.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;إن استمرار
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;AAVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
على الرغم من الوصمة التاريخية والمستمرة التي تعرضت لها يوضح مرونة اللغة المذهلة
وقدرتها على التكيف كحامل للهوية الثقافية. فعلى الرغم من الضغوط الخارجية التي
سعت إلى تهميشها أو تصنيفها على أنها &quot;غير صحيحة&quot;، فإن &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;AAVE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
لم تختفِ، بل استمرت في التطور، وأصبحت رمزاً قوياً للمقاومة الثقافية. إنها ليست
مجرد لهجة تعكس هوية جماعية؛ بل هي أداة نشطة تُستخدم لتحدي الروايات المهيمنة،
وتأكيد التميز الثقافي، والتعبير عن تجارب فريدة. هذا التحول للتمييز اللغوي إلى
مصدر للقوة والتمكين يوضح كيف يمكن للغة أن تتجاوز وظيفتها التواصلية لتصبح عنصراً
حيوياً في النضال من أجل العدالة الاجتماعية والاعتراف بالهوية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لهجة الكوكني (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cockney&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;الكوكني هي
لهجة من اللغة الإنجليزية، يتحدث بها بشكل رئيسي في لندن وضواحيها، وخاصة من قبل
سكان لندن ذوي الأصول من الطبقة العاملة والطبقة المتوسطة الدنيا. يرتبط المصطلح
تقليدياً بمن وُلدوا على مسافة سماع أجراس كنيسة &quot;بو بيلز&quot; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bow Bells&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;).
تاريخياً، كان المصطلح &quot;كوكني&quot; يُستخدم بشكل ازدرائي من قبل سكان الريف
للإشارة إلى سكان المدن &quot;المتأنقين&quot;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تتميز لهجة
الكوكني بخصائص لغوية مميزة، مثل استخدام &quot;الوقفة الحنجرية&quot; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;glottal stop&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)،
والنفي المزدوج، وتحويل حرف اللام الغامق (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;dark
L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) إلى صوت علة،
بالإضافة إلى &quot;عامية القافية&quot; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;rhyming
slang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) الشهيرة. تعمل
الكوكني كعلامة قوية للطبقة الاجتماعية والهوية الإقليمية في المملكة المتحدة.
فعلى سبيل المثال، يختلف نطق حرف &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot; في كلمات مثل &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;car&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;
بين اللكنات غير الروتكية (مثل الإنجليزية البريطانية القياسية ولهجة بوسطن)
واللكنات الروتكية (مثل الإنجليزية الأمريكية العامة)، مما يسلط الضوء على هذه
الفروق.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تُظهر لهجة
الكوكني كيف يمكن للهجة اجتماعية أن تتجذر بعمق في هوية الطبقة العاملة الحضرية.
إن استمرارها وتأثيرها في أشكال لغوية أحدث، مثل الإنجليزية اللندنية متعددة
الثقافات (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Multicultural London English - MLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)، يوضح قدرة اللهجات على التطور والتكيف
استجابة للتغيرات الاجتماعية والديموغرافية. على الرغم من أن بعض سماتها قد تندمج
أو تتأثر بأشكال لغوية أخرى، إلا أنها تحافظ على جوهرها كعلامة مميزة للانتماء إلى
مجتمع محدد. هذا التطور لا يمثل فقداناً للهوية، بل هو تحول ديناميكي يسمح للهجة
بالبقاء ذات صلة وتأكيد وجودها ضمن مشهد لغوي متغير، مع الاستمرار في الإشارة إلى
الخلفية الاجتماعية والثقافية لمتحدثيها.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;اللهجة البحرانية&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;اللهجة البحرانية
(المعروفة أيضاً باسم لهجة البحرانيين أو لهجة البحارنة) هي تنويعة من اللغة
العربية يتحدث بها البحارنة في شرق الجزيرة العربية وعمان. في البحرين، يتحدث بها
بشكل أساسي في القرى الشيعية وبعض أجزاء المنامة. تأثرت اللهجة البحرانية بشكل
كبير باللغات الآرامية القديمة، والسريانية، والأكدية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;من السمات
الاجتماعية اللغوية المثيرة للاهتمام في البحرين وجود لهجتين رئيسيتين: اللهجة
البحرانية واللهجة السنية. يتحدث البحرينيون السنة لهجة تشبه إلى حد كبير اللهجة
الحضرية المتحدث بها في قطر. يُعدّ التأثير اللغوي الفارسي الأجنبي الأكثر جدلاً
على جميع اللهجات البحرينية. تشير الاختلافات بين اللهجة البحرانية واللهجات
البحرينية الأخرى إلى أصول تاريخية مختلفة. تتجلى الاختلافات الرئيسية بين اللهجة
البحرانية واللهجات غير البحرانية في بعض الأشكال النحوية والنطق. ومع ذلك، فإن
معظم المفردات مشتركة بين اللهجات، أو هي بحرينية بامتياز، ناشئة عن تاريخ حديث
مشترك.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تُظهر
اللهجة البحرانية، وخاصة ارتباطها بمجتمع البحارنة والقرى الشيعية، كيف تتفاعل
عوامل الاستيطان التاريخي، والانتماء الديني، والطبقات الاجتماعية لتشكيل التمايز
اللهجي. إن وجود لهجتين رئيسيتين في البحرين، لكل منهما خصائصها وأصولها التاريخية
المميزة، يسلط الضوء على أن اللهجات ليست مجرد اختلافات جغرافية، بل هي علامات
لغوية معقدة تعكس الانقسامات الاجتماعية والثقافية وحتى الطائفية داخل المجتمع.
تعمل اللهجة البحرانية كعلامة لغوية لهوية فرعية عرقية دينية محددة، مما يبرز كيف
يمكن للهجات أن ترمّز طبقات معقدة من الانتماء الجماعي، وأن تكون مرآة تعكس التطور
الحضري وديناميكيات تشكيل القرى في البحرين.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;VIII&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. الخلاصة&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يُظهر هذا
التحليل أن اللهجات المحلية ليست مجرد تنويعات لغوية عابرة، بل هي مكونات أساسية
وفاعلة في بناء الهويات الفردية والجمعية الفرعية. لقد تبين أن العلاقة بين اللغة
واللهجة والهوية متشابكة ومعقدة، حيث تشكل اللهجات جزءاً لا يتجزأ من الإحساس
بالذات والانتماء إلى مجموعة محددة. تعمل اللهجات كبصمات لغوية تعكس بعمق الخلفيات
الجغرافية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والتاريخية للمتحدثين، وتكشف عن الديناميكيات
المجتمعية الكامنة.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لقد أوضحت
الدراسة أن العزلة الجغرافية هي محفز رئيسي للتنوع اللغوي، حيث تؤدي إلى تطور
لهجات فريدة تعزز الهويات الثقافية المتميزة. كما أن الطبقات الاجتماعية،
بتبايناتها الثقافية والمهنية، تُسهم في ظهور لهجات اجتماعية تعمل كحواجز لغوية
تعزز الحدود الاجتماعية القائمة. وتُعدّ الأحداث التاريخية والهجرات والاتصال
الثقافي قوى مزدوجة، قادرة على إحداث تنوع وتهجين في اللهجات، وفي الوقت نفسه،
دفعها نحو التجانس أو التراجع في الاستخدام، اعتماداً على طبيعة التفاعلات. أما
العوامل الاقتصادية، فهي لا تدفع التغير اللهجي فحسب، بل يمكن أن تعمل الاختلافات
اللهجية نفسها كحواجز أمام التكامل الاقتصادي والحراك الاجتماعي.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;في العصر
الحديث، تُظهر التقنيات الحديثة والعولمة تأثيرات عميقة في اللهجات. فبينما تسهل
التكنولوجيا انتشار المفردات والأنماط اللغوية عبر الحدود الجغرافية التقليدية،
مما يؤدي إلى تهجين لغوي جديد، فإن العولمة تمارس ضغطاً نحو التجانس اللغوي، مما
يهدد استمرارية اللهجات الأقل هيمنة. إن الأمثلة التطبيقية، مثل الإنجليزية
العامية الأمريكية الأفريقية، ولهجة الكوكني، واللهجة البحرانية، تؤكد الدور
المحوري للهجات كرموز للمرونة الثقافية، ووسائل لتأكيد الهوية في مواجهة التهميش،
ومؤشرات على التمايز الاجتماعي والثقافي العميق.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;بناءً على
هذا التحليل الشامل، يمكن تقديم التوصيات التالية:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تعزيز التنوع اللغوي:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; يجب الاعتراف بقيمة جميع
     اللهجات واحترامها كجزء لا يتجزأ من التراث الثقافي البشري، بدلاً من وصمها
     أو تهميشها.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;دعم السياسات التعليمية الشاملة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; ينبغي للمؤسسات التعليمية أن
     تتبنى سياسات تعترف باللغات واللهجات غير المعيارية وتقدرها، مما يعزز ثقة
     الطلاب بأنفسهم ويضمن تكافؤ الفرص.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تشجيع البحث متعدد التخصصات:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; هناك حاجة ماسة لمزيد من الأبحاث
     التي تستكشف التقاطعات المعقدة بين اللغويات، وعلم الاجتماع، والاقتصاد،
     والتكنولوجيا لفهم الآثار الكاملة للتغيرات اللهجية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;التوعية بالتمييز اللغوي:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; يجب زيادة الوعي العام حول
     ظاهرة التمييز اللغوي وعواقبها السلبية على الأفراد والمجتمعات، والعمل على
     مكافحة التحيزات اللغوية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;حماية اللهجات المهددة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; ينبغي دعم المبادرات التي تهدف
     إلى توثيق وحفظ اللهجات المهددة بالانقراض، لضمان استمرارية التنوع اللغوي
     والثقافي للأجيال القادمة.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;

تسرنا زيارتك و تهمنا مشاركتك 

لا تنسى زيارتنا هنا 
https://jil22.yoo7.com/&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/feeds/6856860557217314365/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/2025/08/blog-post_16.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4833260916268839313/posts/default/6856860557217314365'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4833260916268839313/posts/default/6856860557217314365'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/2025/08/blog-post_16.html' title='كيف تشكّل اللهجات المحلية الهويات الفرعية'/><author><name>Admin </name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15763739130616251359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPWAk3e6CVhLbaBpb10PCEd6meSj_zEAs43BTxJ6wm5VBX0nVVOLxB7mzGovWEZJOQ8x3m8MRFq0p4vcZgH_ucljbT1H5FnJzpSYmAKwcDWAR1-UeLPtyV9poD5dnsONCfz-YJGf-Bdkgt4PktNZ3CXW6hafFy183sVnoEzYps7RRe8SU/s220/%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg86cVzlg0ncK5RYDOEzPJ3v_q32SVUoQRaHH1Rsoq1G-k8sbuWd66gs9_GjF81gHvMOOUx843Q-UGk0KJ9JgcGqd2oPuIb8DoVMjY0Ga2A8L86-MTglCiJl687O8c6k-2sBlAlt13vnnmociHz1okEC2oIBhbgGQl14fg5C8K8r2pZg9l0BLGwnUSDXqwh/s72-c/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%20%281%29.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4833260916268839313.post-1113054377655624954</id><published>2025-08-11T22:52:00.004+01:00</published><updated>2025-08-11T22:52:50.006+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="فلسفة و فكر"/><title type='text'>أرسطو: المنطق والميتافيزيقا الأولى</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1&gt;تحليل شامل ومتقدم لأفكار أرسطو في المنطق والميتافيزيقا&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;1. مقدمة: أرسطو والأسس الفلسفية للمنطق والميتافيزيقا&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;يُعد أرسطو، أحد أبرز الفلاسفة في تاريخ الفكر الغربي، شخصية محورية في تأسيس كل من المنطق والميتافيزيقا كفروع أساسية للمعرفة الفلسفية. تُعرف أعماله المنطقية، التي جُمِعت لاحقًا تحت اسم &quot;الأورغانون&quot; (الأداة)، بأنها أول نظام رسمي للاستدلال في الغرب، وقد هيمنت على الفكر المنطقي لأكثر من ألفي عام.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; لم يستخدم أرسطو نفسه مصطلحي &quot;المنطق&quot; أو &quot;الأورغانون&quot; للإشارة إلى هذا الفرع من المعرفة، بل أطلق عليه اسم &quot;التحليلات&quot;، مما يعكس فهمه العميق لوظيفته كأداة تحليلية للكشف عن بنية الحقيقة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا الاختيار للمصطلح يشير إلى أن المنطق ليس غاية في حد ذاته، بل هو وسيلة ضرورية وأساسية للوصول إلى المعرفة العلمية والفهم الميتافيزيقي. هذا الفهم يضع المنطق في قلب نظام أرسطو الفلسفي المتكامل، حيث لا يمكن فصله عن البحث عن الحقيقة في أي مجال، سواء كان طبيعيًا أو ميتافيزيقيًا.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;في مجال الميتافيزيقا، أو ما أسماه أرسطو &quot;الفلسفة الأولى&quot;، يتعمق في دراسة الوجود &quot;بما هو وجود&quot;، متناولًا مواضيع مجردة مثل نظرية الجوهر، وأنواع السببية المختلفة، والصورة والمادة، ووجود الكائنات الرياضية، والكون.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يرى أرسطو أنه لا بد من وجود كائن منفصل وغير متغير، هو مصدر جميع الكائنات الأخرى.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; إن هذا الترابط المنهجي بين المنطق والميتافيزيقا هو سمة مميزة لفلسفة أرسطو، حيث لم يكن المنطق بالنسبة له علمًا منفصلاً، بل كان شرطًا مسبقًا للعلم نفسه، الأداة التي يميز بها المرء الحقيقة من الزيف، والوضوح من الارتباك.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا يربط المنطق مباشرة بالبحث عن المعرفة (الإبستمولوجيا) وفهم الوجود (الأنطولوجيا). منطق أرسطو متجذر بعمق في الوجود (الأنطولوجيا)، حيث حوّل نظره إلى العالم الطبيعي، مطورًا منطقًا متجذرًا في الكينونة، على عكس تركيز أفلاطون على الأشكال المتعالية.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;2. المنطق الأرسطي: بناء القياس المنطقي وقواعد المنطق الصوري&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;يُعد القياس المنطقي (Syllogism) حجر الزاوية في المنطق الأرسطي، وهو أول نظام رسمي للاستدلال في الفكر الغربي.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يُعرف القياس بأنه استنتاج يتكون من ثلاث جمل: مقدمتين ونتيجة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; صاغ أرسطو تعريفه الشهير للقياس قائلاً: &quot;القياس هو قول إذا وُضِعت فيه أشياء معينة، لزم عنها بالضرورة شيء مختلف عما وُضِع، لكون تلك الأشياء كذلك&quot;.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;تتكون الجمل القياسية من موضوع ومحمول متصلين برابط (فعل).&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يحدد أرسطو ثلاثة مصطلحات في القياس: الحد الأكبر، والحد الأصغر، والحد الأوسط.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يلعب الحد الأوسط دورًا حاسمًا في ربط المقدمتين معًا، مما يؤدي إلى النتيجة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; تُقسم الجمل في المنطق الأرسطي إلى أربع فئات رئيسية بناءً على كميتها (كلية أو جزئية) وكيفيتها (موجبة أو سالبة) &lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;كلية موجبة (A):&lt;/b&gt; &quot;كل س هي ص&quot; (مثال: &quot;كل الرجال فانون&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;كلية سالبة (E):&lt;/b&gt; &quot;لا يوجد س هو ص&quot; (مثال: &quot;لا يوجد رجل خالد&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;جزئية موجبة (I):&lt;/b&gt; &quot;بعض س هي ص&quot; (مثال: &quot;بعض الرجال ضعفاء&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;جزئية سالبة (O):&lt;/b&gt; &quot;بعض س ليست ص&quot; (مثال: &quot;بعض الرجال ليسوا أخلاقيين&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;يمكن دمج هذه المصطلحات والجمل بطرق مختلفة لتشكيل ما يسميه أرسطو &quot;الأشكال&quot; (Figures).&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هناك ثلاثة أشكال رئيسية للقياس:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;الشكل الأول:&lt;/b&gt; الحد الأوسط هو موضوع المقدمة الكبرى ومحمول المقدمة الصغرى (أ – ب، ب – ج، إذن أ – ج).&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;الشكل الثاني:&lt;/b&gt; الحد الأوسط هو محمول في كلتا المقدمتين (ب – أ، ب – ج، إذن أ – ج).&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;الشكل الثالث:&lt;/b&gt; الحد الأوسط هو موضوع في كلتا المقدمتين (أ – ب، ج – ب، إذن أ – ج).&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;عند تطبيق أنواع الجمل الأربع على هذه الأشكال، ينتج أرسطو 14 مزاجًا (Moods) صالحًا، وهي التوليفات التي تضمن استنتاجًا صحيحًا بالضرورة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;أمثلة على الأشكال والمزاجات القياسية&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;horizontal-scroll-wrapper&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;table-block-component&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;table-block _nghost-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-block has-export-button&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-content not-end-of-paragraph&quot; not-end-of-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;الشكل&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;المزاج الصالح (الاسم التذكيري)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;البنية الرمزية (الحد الأكبر: A، الأوسط: B، الأصغر: C)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;مثال توضيحي&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;الأول&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Barbara (AaB, BaC, إذن AaC)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;كل ب هي أ، كل ج هي ب، إذن كل ج هي أ&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;كل الرجال فانون، كل الإغريق رجال، إذن كل الإغريق فانون.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;الأول&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Celarent (AeB, BaC, إذن AeC)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;لا يوجد ب هو أ، كل ج هي ب، إذن لا يوجد ج هو أ&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;لا يوجد حيوان مفترس نباتي، كل الأسود حيوانات مفترسة، إذن لا يوجد أسد نباتي.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;الأول&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Darii (AaB, BiC, إذن AiC)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;كل ب هي أ، بعض ج هي ب، إذن بعض ج هي أ&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;كل الفلاسفة حكماء، بعض الطلاب فلاسفة، إذن بعض الطلاب حكماء.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;الأول&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ferio (AeB, BiC, إذن AoC)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;لا يوجد ب هو أ، بعض ج هي ب، إذن بعض ج ليست أ&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;لا يوجد إنسان مخلد، بعض الكائنات حية إنسان، إذن بعض الكائنات حية ليست مخلدة.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-footer hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;mdc-button mat-mdc-button-base mat-mdc-button mat-unthemed&quot; jslog=&quot;184701;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_f25a29f0206289af&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_8a2d3965c72d21b3&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]]&quot; mat-button=&quot;&quot; mat-ripple-loader-class-name=&quot;mat-mdc-button-ripple&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-mdc-button-persistent-ripple mdc-button__ripple&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mdc-button__label&quot;&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;export-sheets-button&quot;&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;export-sheets-icon&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;drive_spreadsheet&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;drive_spreadsheet&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot;&gt;التصدير إلى &quot;جداول بيانات Google&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-focus-indicator&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-mdc-button-touch-target&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-ripple mat-mdc-button-ripple&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/table-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;تأسيس قواعد المنطق الصوري:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;يكمن إسهام أرسطو الأبرز في تأسيس المنطق الصوري في ملاحظته الجوهرية بأن الصلاحية الاستنتاجية لأي حجة تتحدد من خلال بنيتها أو شكلها، وليس من خلال محتواها.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا يعني أن القياس المنطقي يظل صالحًا بغض النظر عن محتواه المحدد؛ فما دامت المقدمات صحيحة، فإن النتيجة يجب أن تكون صحيحة بالضرورة بسبب البنية المنطقية للحجة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا التركيز على &quot;الصلاحية البنيوية&quot; هو حجر الزاوية في المنطق الصوري، حيث يفصل شكل الحجة عن معناها المادي. هذا الفصل هو جوهر المنطق الصوري، ويسمح للمنطق بأن يصبح نظامًا مجردًا، حيث يمكن استبدال المصطلحات بمتغيرات رمزية (مثل أ، ب، ج) &lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;، مما يتيح تحليل الاستدلالات بناءً على شكلها البحت. هذه القدرة على التجريد هي ما جعل منطق أرسطو مهيمنًا لأكثر من ألفي عام، لأنه يوفر إطارًا عالميًا للتفكير السليم بغض النظر عن الموضوع، ومهد الطريق للمنطق الرياضي الحديث والمنطق المحمول، على الرغم من أن هذه التطورات جاءت بعد قرون طويلة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;ميز أرسطو بين القياسات &quot;الكاملة&quot; (التي تكون واضحة بذاتها ولا تحتاج إلى برهان إضافي) و&quot;غير الكاملة&quot; (التي تتطلب مصطلحات إضافية أو افتراضات لتصبح واضحة).&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا التمييز يمنح الشكل الأول طابعًا بديهيًا، حيث يتم إثبات القياسات غير الكاملة في الأشكال الأخرى بشكل أساسي من خلال الاختزال إلى القياسات الكاملة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; ولإثبات القياسات غير الكاملة، استخدم أرسطو طريقتين رئيسيتين: الاختزال إلى المستحيل (reductio ad impossibile) والإخراج (ekthesis).&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; كما وضع أرسطو قواعد صارمة لتحويل الجمل المقولية، مثل التحويل البسيط للجمل الكلية السالبة والجزئية الموجبة، والتحويل الجزئي للجمل الكلية الموجبة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;3. نظرية الجوهر والعرض: تحليل مفهوم الأوسيا (Ousia) وتطبيقاته الميتافيزيقية&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;تُعد نظرية الجوهر (Ousia) والأعراض (Accidents) محورية في ميتافيزيقا أرسطو، حيث توفر إطارًا لفهم طبيعة الوجود وتصنيف كل ما هو موجود. الجوهر هو الواقع الأساسي لشيء ما، وهو ما لا يوجد في موضوع آخر بل يوجد بذاته، أي بحقه الخاص، ولا يحتاج إلى شيء آخر للوجود.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; إنه المعنى &quot;المميز&quot; و&quot;البؤري&quot; للوجود، حيث تُعرّف جميع الكائنات في الفئات الأخرى (الأعراض) بعلاقتها بالجوهر.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; الجوهر يستمر خلال التغير مع الحفاظ على هويته الأساسية.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;يميز أرسطو بين نوعين من الجوهر:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;الجوهر الأولي (Primary Substance):&lt;/b&gt; يشير إلى الكائنات الفردية الملموسة والخاصة، مثل &quot;سقراط&quot;، &quot;هذه الشجرة المحددة&quot;.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; كل جوهر أولي هو &quot;هذا النوع&quot; (this-such)، فرد محدد ينتمي إلى نوع طبيعي، ووحدة غير قابلة للتجزئة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هو الموضوع النهائي للمحمولات والأعراض، ولكنه لا يوجد هو نفسه في أي موضوع آخر.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يؤكد أرسطو أنه لو لم توجد جواهر أولية، لما وجدت أعراض، مما يبرز دورها التأسيسي.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;الجوهر الثانوي (Secondary Substance):&lt;/b&gt; يشير إلى الطبيعة أو النوع الطبيعي أو جوهر الجوهر الأولي، مثل &quot;الإنسان&quot;، &quot;الشجرة&quot;.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذه الكليات &quot;تقال عن موضوع ولكنها لا توجد في موضوع&quot;.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; إنها تشكل الجوهر الأولي كعضو في نوع معين، وتقدم &quot;ما هو عليه هذا الشيء&quot;.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; تعتبر الأنواع (species) &quot;أكثر جوهرية من الجنس (genus)&quot; لأنها &quot;أقرب&quot; إلى الجوهر الأولي الذي تُقال عنه.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;تمييز الجوهر عن الأعراض:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;على النقيض من الجوهر، الأعراض هي خصائص غير أساسية أو سمات للجوهر.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; لا يمكن للأعراض أن توجد بشكل مستقل، بل تتطلب جوهرًا كموضوع لها.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; إنها لا تحدد جوهر الجوهر، بل تعدله أو تؤهله، ويمكن أن تتغير دون تغيير الطبيعة الأساسية للجوهر.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; حدد أرسطو تسع فئات من الأعراض، بالإضافة إلى الجوهر، لتصنيف جميع جوانب الواقع &lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;مقولات أرسطو العشرة&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;horizontal-scroll-wrapper&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;table-block-component&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;table-block _nghost-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-block has-export-button&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-content not-end-of-paragraph&quot; not-end-of-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;المقولة&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;التعريف/السؤال&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;مثال&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;1. الجوهر (Substance)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ما هو؟ الكيان الأساسي الذي لا يوجد في موضوع آخر.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;سقراط، شجرة، حصان&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;2. الكمية (Quantity)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;كم هو؟ المقدار أو الحجم.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;طوله متران، وزنه 70 كجم&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;3. الكيفية (Quality)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;كيف هو؟ الصفات والخصائص.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;حكيم، أزرق، ساخن&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;4. الإضافة (Relation)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;كيف يتصل بشيء آخر؟ العلاقة مع كيانات أخرى.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;أب لـ، أكبر من، نصف&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;5. المكان (Place)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;أين هو؟ الموقع المكاني.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;في السوق، في أثينا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;6. الزمان (Time)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;متى هو؟ الموقع الزماني.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;أمس، الآن، في القرن الرابع قبل الميلاد&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;7. الوضع (Position)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;كيف هو متموضع؟ ترتيب أجزائه.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;جالس، واقف، مستلقٍ&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;8. الملك (State/Having)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ماذا يملك؟ ما يرتديه أو يحمله.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;يرتدي عباءة، مسلح&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;9. الفعل (Action)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ماذا يفعل؟ النشاط الذي يقوم به.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;يكتب، يركض، يعلم&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;10. الانفعال (Affection)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ماذا يحدث له؟ ما يتلقاه أو يتأثر به.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;يُعلّم، يُحرق، يُقطع&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-footer hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;mdc-button mat-mdc-button-base mat-mdc-button mat-unthemed&quot; jslog=&quot;184701;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_f25a29f0206289af&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_8a2d3965c72d21b3&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]]&quot; mat-button=&quot;&quot; mat-ripple-loader-class-name=&quot;mat-mdc-button-ripple&quot; mat-ripple-loader-uninitialized=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-mdc-button-persistent-ripple mdc-button__ripple&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mdc-button__label&quot;&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;export-sheets-button&quot;&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;export-sheets-icon&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;drive_spreadsheet&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;drive_spreadsheet&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot;&gt;التصدير إلى &quot;جداول بيانات Google&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-focus-indicator&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-mdc-button-touch-target&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/table-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;تطبيقات مفهوم الجوهر والعرض في الميتافيزيقا:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;يوفر هذا الإطار نظامًا شاملاً لتصنيف جميع جوانب الواقع، ويساعد في تحليل وفهم بنية الوجود، ويشكل أساسًا لبحوث أرسطو المنطقية والميتافيزيقية.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يتجلى هذا الفهم في نظريته عن الهيلومورفية (Hylomorphism)، التي تقترح أن جميع الأشياء المادية تتكون من الصورة والمادة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; الصورة هي المبدأ المنظم أو بنية الشيء، وتعطي الشكل والغرض والوظيفة للمادة، بينما المادة هي الركيزة الأساسية وتمتلك القدرة على اتخاذ أشكال مختلفة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; الصورة والمادة لا ينفصلان في الأشياء الملموسة، وهذا يشرح كيف يمكن للأشياء أن تتغير مع الحفاظ على هويتها.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;في تحليل التغير، يفسر أرسطو الظواهر من خلال تحديد ثلاثة مبادئ: المادة، الصورة، والحرمان.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; في التغير العرضي، تكون المادة هي الجوهر الأولي والصورة هي عرض.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; أما في التغير الجوهري (النشوء والفساد)، تكون المادة هي &quot;المادة الأولى&quot; التي هي بالقوة لشكل جوهري.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;إن مفهوم الجوهر الأولي كـ &quot;هذا النوع&quot; (this-such) &lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; الذي هو الموضوع النهائي للمحمولات والأعراض، ولكنه لا يوجد هو نفسه في أي موضوع، يمثل نقدًا ضمنيًا لمفهوم أفلاطون للمثل ككيانات منفصلة. هذا التصور يؤسس لواقعية أرسطو التجريبية، حيث تبدأ المعرفة من الأفراد الملموسين، وليس من الكليات المجردة. على عكس أفلاطون الذي يرى أن الكليات (المثل) هي الواقع الأساسي وأن الأفراد يشاركون فيها &lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;، يرى أرسطو أن الأفراد الملموسين (الجواهر الأولية) هم الأساس الأنطولوجي. الكليات (الجواهر الثانوية) هي مجرد مفاهيم مشتركة بين هذه الأفراد.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا التحول الجذري في المنظور الأنطولوجي يضع الأساس لفلسفة أرسطو التجريبية والعلمية، حيث يمكن اكتساب المعرفة من خلال ملاحظة العالم المادي ودراسة الجواهر الفردية. هذا النهج يبرر تركيز أرسطو على العلوم الطبيعية والبيولوجيا، حيث يمكن فهم الواقع من خلال دراسة الأشياء كما هي موجودة في العالم.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;4. نظرية الأسباب الأربعة: فهم الطبيعة والوجود من منظور أرسطو&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;لتحقيق فهم شامل للوجود والتغير في الطبيعة، قدم أرسطو نظرية الأسباب الأربعة، والتي تُعد إطارًا تفسيريًا أساسيًا في ميتافيزيقاه.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; لم تكن هذه الأسباب مجرد تفسيرات خطية، بل كانت فئات من الأسئلة التي تهدف إلى فهم &quot;لماذا&quot; الشيء موجود أو يتغير.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; اعتقد أرسطو أن فهم هذه الأسباب ضروري لاكتساب المعرفة الحقيقية، وأن التفسير يكون كافيًا فقط إذا ذكر جميع الأسباب الأربعة بشكل صحيح.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذه الأسباب ليست حصرية بشكل متبادل، بل هي متكاملة وتوفر منظورًا متعدد الأبعاد للسببية.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;13&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;الأسباب الأربعة هي:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;السبب المادي (Material Cause):&lt;/b&gt; هو المادة الخام أو المكونات التي يتكون منها الشيء.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يجيب على السؤال &quot;مما يتكون؟&quot;.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; على سبيل المثال، السبب المادي لتمثال برونزي هو البرونز، ولل كرسي خشبي هو الخشب.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;السبب الصوري (Formal Cause):&lt;/b&gt; هو الشكل أو النمط أو البنية التي تأخذها الظاهرة، والتي تحدد جوهرها وهويتها.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; إنه ما يجعل الشيء ما هو عليه. على سبيل المثال، السبب الصوري لتمثال برونزي هو الشكل المحدد الذي يجعله تمثالاً، وليس مجرد كتلة من البرونز.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; السبب الصوري للأوكتاف في الموسيقى هو نسبة 2:1.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;13&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;السبب الفاعل (Efficient Cause):&lt;/b&gt; هو ما يبدأ التغيير أو الحركة ويحرك الحركة العابرة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; إنه ببساطة الشيء الذي يحدث شيئًا ما.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; على سبيل المثال، النحات هو السبب الفاعل للتمثال، والنجار هو السبب الفاعل للكرسي.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; الوالد هو السبب الفاعل للطفل.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;السبب الغائي (Final Cause):&lt;/b&gt; هو الغاية النهائية أو الغرض الذي من أجله يوجد الشيء أو يتم القيام به.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; إنه &quot;ما من أجله&quot; يوجد الشيء. على سبيل المثال، السبب الغائي لتمثال برونزي قد يكون تكريم شخصية أو حدث، وللكرسي هو دعم الإنسان للجلوس.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; بالنسبة للبذرة، السبب الغائي هو النبات البالغ الذي من المفترض أن تصبح عليه في الظروف الطبيعية.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;13&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;الأسباب الأربعة لأرسطو مع أمثلة توضيحية&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;horizontal-scroll-wrapper&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;table-block-component&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;table-block _nghost-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-block has-export-button&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-content not-end-of-paragraph&quot; not-end-of-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;السبب&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;التعريف&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;السؤال الذي يجيب عليه&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;مثال 1: تمثال برونزي&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;مثال 2: كرسي خشبي&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;مثال 3: بذرة نبات&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;المادي&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;المادة التي يتكون منها الشيء&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;مما يتكون؟&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;البرونز&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;الخشب&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;الكربوهيدرات والماء&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;الصوري&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;الشكل أو البنية التي تحدد جوهر الشيء&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ما هو شكله/بنيته؟&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;شكل التمثال المحدد&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;شكل الكرسي (مقعد، أرجل)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;البنية الجينية للبذرة&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;الفاعل&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ما يبدأ التغيير أو الحركة&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;كيف حدث؟&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;النحات وعملية النحت&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;النجار وعملية النجارة&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;عملية النمو (الماء، الشمس، التربة)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;الغائي&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;الغرض النهائي أو الهدف&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;لماذا يوجد؟&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;لتكريم شخصية أو حدث&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;للجلوس&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;لتصبح نباتًا بالغًا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-footer hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;mdc-button mat-mdc-button-base mat-mdc-button mat-unthemed&quot; jslog=&quot;184701;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_f25a29f0206289af&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_8a2d3965c72d21b3&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]]&quot; mat-button=&quot;&quot; mat-ripple-loader-class-name=&quot;mat-mdc-button-ripple&quot; mat-ripple-loader-uninitialized=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-mdc-button-persistent-ripple mdc-button__ripple&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mdc-button__label&quot;&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;export-sheets-button&quot;&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;export-sheets-icon&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;drive_spreadsheet&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;drive_spreadsheet&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot;&gt;التصدير إلى &quot;جداول بيانات Google&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-focus-indicator&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-mdc-button-touch-target&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/table-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;دورها في فهم الطبيعة والوجود:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;إن تأكيد أرسطو على أن الأسباب الأربعة ضرورية مجتمعة لتفسير كامل للواقع &lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يكشف عن نظرة شاملة للسببية تتجاوز الفهم الخطي البسيط الذي غالبًا ما يركز فقط على السبب الفاعل في المفاهيم الحديثة. هذا الإطار متعدد الأبعاد يسمح بفهم أعمق للظواهر الطبيعية، خاصة الكائنات الحية، حيث يكون الغرض (السبب الغائي) جوهريًا لطبيعتها.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا التفكير الغائي هو ما يميز فلسفة أرسطو عن الميكانيكية الحديثة.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;يمتد مفهوم أرسطو للسبب الغائي إلى الطبيعة بأكملها، حيث يرى أن كل شيء في الطبيعة له غرض نهائي أو &lt;i&gt;تيلوس&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا الغرض ليس بالضرورة مرتبطًا بالنية الواعية، بل هو موجود بشكل طبيعي في شكل الظاهرة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; وقد أشار أرسطو إلى أن السبب الغائي هو &quot;سبب الأسباب&quot; أو &quot;ملكة الأسباب&quot; &lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;13&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;، لأنه هو الذي يحقق الظاهرة. بمجرد تحديد السبب الغائي، تتبع الأسباب المادية والصورية والفاعلة بالضرورة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;13&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا النهج الشامل للسببية كان له تأثير هائل على الفكر في العصور الوسطى &lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;14&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; ولا يزال يثير النقاش في الفلسفة الحديثة والعلم.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;15&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;5. العلاقة بين المنطق والميتافيزيقا: المنطق كأداة للفهم الميتافيزيقي&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;تُظهر دراسة أعمال أرسطو أن المنطق والميتافيزيقا ليسا فرعين منفصلين في فلسفته، بل هما مترابطان بشكل عميق ومتكاملان. يُعد &quot;الأورغانون&quot; (المنطق) أداة أو وسيلة لاكتساب كل المعرفة، وليس علمًا منفصلاً.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا يؤكد على دور المنطق كشرط مسبق لأي تحقيق علمي أو فلسفي، بما في ذلك الميتافيزيقا. منطق أرسطو متجذر في الوجود (الأنطولوجيا) &lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;، مما يعني أن قواعد المنطق ليست مجرد اصطلاحات عقلية، بل تعكس بنية الواقع نفسه.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;المنطق وأسس المعرفة العلمية (Episteme):&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;في كتابه &quot;التحليلات الثانية&quot; (&lt;i&gt;Posterior Analytics&lt;/i&gt;)، يطور أرسطو مفهوم &quot;المعرفة العلمية&quot; (&lt;i&gt;episteme&lt;/i&gt;)، والتي تنشأ من البرهان (demonstration) وليس من الرأي أو الإدراك.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; المعرفة العلمية الحقيقية، وفقًا لأرسطو، هي معرفة الأسباب و&quot;لماذا&quot; الأشياء.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; لتحقيق هذه المعرفة، يجب أن نعرف &quot;السبب الذي من أجله يوجد الشيء، وأنه هو سبب ذلك، وأنه لا يمكن أن يكون بخلاف ذلك&quot;.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا يتطلب أن تكون المقدمات التي يبنى عليها البرهان حقيقية، أولية، مباشرة (أي لا تحتاج إلى برهان آخر)، معروفة بشكل أفضل، سابقة للنتيجة، و&quot;أسباب&quot; للنتيجة نفسها.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;واجه أرسطو مشكلة التراجع اللانهائي في البرهان، حيث قد يتطلب كل برهان مقدمات بدورها تحتاج إلى برهان. حله لهذه المشكلة هو وجود شكل آخر من المعرفة للمقدمات الأولى غير القابلة للبرهان، وهو &quot;الحدس&quot; (&lt;i&gt;nous&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا الحدس يسمح للعقل بإدراك نقاط البداية للعلوم من خلال الخبرة، مما يؤدي إلى معرفة المبادئ الأولى التي لا يمكن برهنتها.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;تطبيقات منطقية في &quot;ما بعد الطبيعة&quot;:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;إن ربط أرسطو للمعرفة العلمية (episteme) بمعرفة &quot;الأسباب&quot; و&quot;الضرورة&quot; &lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يربط المنطق مباشرة بالبحث الميتافيزيقي عن الأسباب الأولى (الأسباب الأربعة، المحرك الأول). هذا يعني أن المنطق ليس مجرد أداة شكلية، بل هو المنهجية الجوهرية التي تمكن الفيلسوف من اختراق الظواهر والوصول إلى الحقائق الميتافيزيقية الكامنة. هذا يوضح أن المنطق بالنسبة لأرسطو ليس مجرد قواعد شكلية للحجة، بل هو انعكاس لبنية الواقع نفسه. فالمبادئ المنطقية (مثل عدم التناقض) هي أيضًا مبادئ ميتافيزيقية &lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;، والقدرة على البرهنة منطقيًا (القياس) هي الوسيلة التي نكشف بها عن الأسباب الجوهرية والضرورية للوجود. وبالتالي، فإن المنطق هو الجسر الذي يربط بين الملاحظة الحسية والفهم الميتافيزيقي للوجود.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;تتجلى هذه العلاقة العميقة في عدة جوانب من كتاب &quot;الميتافيزيقا&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;مبدأ عدم التناقض (Principle of Non-Contradiction):&lt;/b&gt; يناقش أرسطو هذا المبدأ في الكتاب الرابع من &quot;الميتافيزيقا&quot;، ويصفه بأنه &quot;أكثر المبادئ أمانًا&quot;.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; وينص على أنه &quot;من المستحيل أن ينتمي الشيء نفسه ولا ينتمي في نفس الوقت إلى نفس الشيء بنفس الاعتبار&quot;.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا المبدأ أساسي للميتافيزيقا، ولا يمكن أن يكون المرء مخطئًا بشأنه.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يقدم أرسطو &quot;برهانًا داحضًا&quot; (refutative demonstration) لهذا المبدأ &lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;، مما يدل على كيفية استخدام الأدوات المنطقية للدفاع عن البديهيات الميتافيزيقية.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;الجوهر والمقولات:&lt;/b&gt; من وجهة نظر منطقية، تشمل &quot;المقولات&quot; طرق تفكيرنا في الأشياء (مثل إسناد الصفات إلى الجواهر)، ولكنها في الوقت نفسه هي طرق وجود الأشياء بالفعل.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;10&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا يوضح العلاقة العميقة بين المنطق والميتافيزيقا، حيث أن الفئات التي نستخدمها للتفكير في الواقع هي نفسها فئات الوجود في الواقع.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;المحرك الذي لا يتحرك (Unmoved Mover):&lt;/b&gt; في &quot;الميتافيزيقا&quot; (الكتاب الثاني عشر، Lambda)، يصف أرسطو &quot;المحرك الذي لا يتحرك&quot;، وهو كائن أبدي وغير متغير يبدأ الحركة دون أن يتحرك هو نفسه.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا المفهوم هو نتيجة لتطبيق المنطق على فهم السببية والحركة في الكون، حيث يرى أرسطو أن سلسلة السببية لا يمكن أن تكون لانهائية، مما يستلزم وجود سبب أول غير متحرك.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;هذا الفهم المتكامل للمنطق والميتافيزيقا هو ما جعل نظام أرسطو الفكري متماسكًا وذا تأثير هائل على الفلسفة اللاحقة، خاصة في العصور الوسطى.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;6. نقد أرسطو لأفلاطون: تباين المفاهيم الجوهرية&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;كانت العلاقة بين أرسطو وأستاذه أفلاطون معقدة، حيث تأثر أرسطو بأفلاطون ولكنه في الوقت نفسه قدم نقدًا جوهريًا لنظرياته، خاصة نظرية المثل.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;نظرية أفلاطون للمثل:&lt;/b&gt;
تفترض نظرية المثل الأفلاطونية أن جميع الأشياء المادية تستند إلى مفاهيم عالمية وثابتة تسمى &quot;المثل&quot; أو &quot;الأشكال&quot; (Forms).&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; لكي يوجد شيء ما، يجب أن يشارك في هذه المثل.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; وفقًا لأفلاطون، لا يمكن اشتقاق المعرفة الحقيقية من إدراكنا للأشياء الحسية المتغيرة، بل فقط من خلال تأمل هذه المثل المجردة والثابتة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يعتقد الأفلاطونيون أن كل كائن مادي له مثله المقابل، والذي لا يتجسد في الكائن نفسه، بل هو منفصل عنه في عالم المثل.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; على سبيل المثال، يقال إن الأشياء جميلة بقدر ما تشارك في مثل الجمال، والذي هو منفصل عن العالم الحسي.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;نقد أرسطو لنظرية المثل الأفلاطونية:&lt;/b&gt;
رفض أرسطو، بصفته مفكرًا تجريبيًا ومنهجيًا، نظرية أفلاطون للمثل، وكان نقده يتركز على عدم انفصال الكليات عن الجزئيات.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; يرى أرسطو أن المفاهيم الكلية ليست منفصلة عن الأشياء الجزئية، بل هي مجرد قواسم مشتركة تتشاركها الأشياء.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;مقارنة بين مفهوم المثل الأفلاطونية ونظرية الجوهر الأرسطية&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;horizontal-scroll-wrapper&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;table-block-component&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;table-block _nghost-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-block has-export-button&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-content not-end-of-paragraph&quot; not-end-of-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;الميزة&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;نظرية المثل الأفلاطونية&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;نظرية الجوهر الأرسطية&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;طبيعة الواقع الأساسي&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;المثل (Forms) - كيانات عالمية، مجردة، ثابتة، منفصلة عن العالم المادي.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;الجواهر الأولية (Primary Substances) - أفراد ملموسون، موجودون بذاتهم في العالم المادي.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;مكان الكليات (Universals)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;منفصلة عن الجزئيات (transcendent)؛ الجزئيات &quot;تشارك&quot; فيها.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;متأصلة في الجزئيات (immanent)؛ هي &quot;قواسم مشتركة&quot; بين الأفراد.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;مصدر المعرفة&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;تأمل المثل عقليًا؛ الحواس غير موثوقة.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;الملاحظة التجريبية للأفراد الماديين؛ الحواس هي نقطة البداية.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;تفسير الوجود والسببية&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;المثل هي سبب وجود الأشياء، لكنها تفشل في تفسير الأسباب المادية والفاعلة.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;الجواهر الأولية هي أساس الوجود؛ الأسباب الأربعة (بما في ذلك المادية والفاعلة) تفسر الوجود والتغير.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;طبيعة التغير&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;تدهور أو تشوه للأشياء الجزئية التي لا تستطيع محاكاة المثل بشكل كامل.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;عملية تحقيق للإمكانات الكامنة (actualization of potential)؛ حركة نحو غاية أو كمال.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;الوصول إلى المعرفة&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;متاح بشكل رئيسي للفلاسفة من خلال الجدل والرياضيات.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;متاح لجميع الناس من خلال ملاحظة وفهم الأشياء الجزئية.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;table-footer hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;mdc-button mat-mdc-button-base mat-mdc-button mat-unthemed&quot; jslog=&quot;184701;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_f25a29f0206289af&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_8a2d3965c72d21b3&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1]]&quot; mat-button=&quot;&quot; mat-ripple-loader-class-name=&quot;mat-mdc-button-ripple&quot; mat-ripple-loader-uninitialized=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-mdc-button-persistent-ripple mdc-button__ripple&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mdc-button__label&quot;&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;export-sheets-button&quot;&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;export-sheets-icon&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;drive_spreadsheet&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;drive_spreadsheet&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c2348683480=&quot;&quot;&gt;التصدير إلى &quot;جداول بيانات Google&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-focus-indicator&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mat-mdc-button-touch-target&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/table-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;يُعد جوهر نقد أرسطو لأفلاطون في رفضه لفصل المثل عن الجزئيات.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا ليس مجرد خلاف نظري، بل هو نقطة تحول حاسمة في الفلسفة الغربية، حيث يوجه أرسطو الفلسفة نحو التجريبية والواقعية، بعيدًا عن المثالية المتعالية لأفلاطون. على عكس أفلاطون الذي يرى أن الكليات (المثل) هي الأساس الأنطولوجي للمعرفة &lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;، يرفض أرسطو هذا الفصل. هذا الخلاف يؤدي إلى اختلاف جذري في كيفية فهم الواقع وكيفية اكتساب المعرفة.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;إن نقد أرسطو لأفلاطون ليس مجرد تفنيد لوجهة نظر، بل هو تأسيس لمنهج فلسفي جديد. من خلال رفض انفصال المثل، يضع أرسطو الجزئيات المادية (الجواهر الأولية) في مركز الأنطولوجيا. هذا يفتح الباب أمام منهجية تعتمد على الملاحظة التجريبية للعالم المادي كطريق أساسي للمعرفة، بدلاً من التأمل العقلي للمثل المجردة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا التحول هو ما سمح بتطور العلوم الطبيعية والبيولوجيا في الفكر الأرسطي. كما أن أرسطو يرى أن المثل الأفلاطونية تفشل في تفسير السبب المادي والسبب الفاعل &lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;، بينما نظريته عن الأسباب الأربعة توفر تفسيرًا أكثر شمولاً للوجود والتغير.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;7. تأثير أفكار أرسطو: إرث المنطق والميتافيزيقا عبر العصور&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;كان لأفكار أرسطو في المنطق والميتافيزيقا تأثير لا مثيل له على تاريخ الفكر الغربي، وامتد هذا التأثير ليشمل الفلسفة الإسلامية والفلسفة المدرسية في العصور الوسطى، وصولاً إلى الفلسفة الحديثة.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;هيمنة منطق أرسطو في العصور القديمة والوسطى:&lt;/b&gt;
هيمن منطق أرسطو، وخاصة نظرية القياس المنطقي، على الفكر الغربي لأكثر من ألفي عام.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; على الرغم من بروز المنطق الرواقي في الفترة الهلنستية، أصبح منطق أرسطو مهيمنًا في العصور القديمة المتأخرة بعد عمل المعلقين الأرسطيين.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; تم نقل هذا المنطق الأرسطي إلى التقاليد العربية واللاتينية في العصور الوسطى، على عكس أعمال الفلاسفة الرواقيين التي لم تصل إلينا.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;الفلسفة الإسلامية:&lt;/b&gt; لعبت أعمال الفلاسفة المسلمين المتأثرين بالهلنستية دورًا حاسمًا في استقبال المنطق الأرسطي في أوروبا في العصور الوسطى، خاصة من خلال تعليقات ابن رشد على الأورغانون.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;21&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; ألف الكندي أول كتابات عربية أصلية عن المنطق.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;21&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; أدخل الفارابي عناصر غير أرسطية في المنطق.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;21&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; طور ابن سينا نظامه الخاص في المنطق، المعروف باسم &quot;المنطق السينوي&quot;، كبديل للمنطق الأرسطي، وأصبح مهيمنًا في العالم الإسلامي بحلول القرن الثاني عشر.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;21&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; أثر الغزالي بشكل كبير على استخدام المنطق في علم الكلام.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;21&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; وكان ابن رشد آخر منطقي رئيسي من الأندلس، وله تعليقات مستفيضة على المنطق الأرسطي.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;21&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;الفلسفة المدرسية:&lt;/b&gt; أثرت أعمال أرسطو الفلسفية، وخاصة تلك المتعلقة بالمنطق والميتافيزيقا والأخلاق، بشكل عميق على الفلسفة المدرسية، حيث قدمت إطارًا شاملاً لفهم العالم الطبيعي والمجتمع البشري.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;14&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; أصبحت أعمال أرسطو جزءًا أساسيًا من المناهج الجامعية بحلول القرن الثالث عشر.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;14&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; قام توما الأكويني، أحد أبرز فلاسفة العصور الوسطى، بدمج الفلسفة الأرسطية مع اللاهوت المسيحي، مما يمثل تركيبًا فلسفيًا لاهوتيًا هائلاً.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;14&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;التأثير على الفلسفة الحديثة:&lt;/b&gt;
مع ظهور المنطق الصوري الحديث، خاصة مع فلاسفة مثل فريجه وراسل، تم الاعتراف بالعديد من القيود الخطيرة في منطق أرسطو.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; ومع ذلك، طور العلماء المدربون على التقنيات الصورية الحديثة احترامًا جديدًا لأرسطو، ليس في المقام الأول لصحته المطلقة، ولكن للتشابه الملحوظ في الروح بين الكثير من أعماله والمنطق الحديث، خاصة اهتمامه بـ &quot;الميتافيزيقا&quot; (دراسة خصائص الأنظمة الاستنتاجية نفسها).&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;إن استمرارية تأثير أرسطو، ليس فقط من خلال التبني ولكن أيضًا من خلال النقد والتطوير، تظهر أن فلسفته ليست مجرد قطعة أثرية تاريخية، بل هي إطار حي ومصدر دائم للنقاش الفلسفي. هذا يشير إلى مرونة وقوة مفاهيمه الأساسية. فحتى عندما تم &quot;تجاوز&quot; منطقه الصوري بواسطة المنطق الحديث، فإن اهتمامه بـ &quot;الميتافيزيقا&quot; (دراسة خصائص الأنظمة الاستنتاجية نفسها) لا يزال يتردد صداه لدى المنطقيين المعاصرين.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا يوضح أن إرث أرسطو لا يكمن في كونه &quot;نهاية&quot; التفكير المنطقي أو الميتافيزيقي، بل في كونه &quot;بداية&quot; تأسيسية لا تزال تشكل أساسًا للنقاش والتطور.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;استمر الفلاسفة الحديثون في التفاعل مع أفكاره والبناء عليها:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;فلاسفة التنوير مثل كانط وهيغل استجابوا لأفكاره.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;15&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; بل اعتقد كانط أن أرسطو قد اكتشف كل ما يمكن معرفته عن المنطق.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;برتراند راسل، فيلسوف القرن العشرين البارز، وسع أفكار أرسطو بأساليب ومفاهيم رسمية، مما دفع المنطق إلى ما هو عليه اليوم.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;ألاسدير ماكنتاير استلهم من أخلاق الفضيلة الأرسطية، وبنى عليها في نقده للفلسفة الأخلاقية الحديثة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;إرنست ماير، عالم الأحياء التطوري، ربط الغائية الأرسطية بمفهوم الانتخاب الطبيعي.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;ديفيد ويغينز، فيلسوف الميتافيزيقا المعاصر، تناول أفكار أرسطو في الميتافيزيقا في عمله &quot;التماثل والجوهر المتجدد&quot; (Sameness and Substance Renewed)، مستخدمًا إياها كأساس لاستكشافاته في الهوية والجوهر والتفرد، مما جلب المفاهيم الميتافيزيقية الكلاسيكية إلى حوار مع الفلسفة الحديثة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3546466798=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;هذا يؤكد على أهمية دراسة أرسطو ليس فقط لفهم تاريخ الفلسفة، بل لفهم الجذور المفاهيمية للعديد من التخصصات الحديثة، من المنطق والعلوم إلى الأخلاق والميتافيزيقا.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;8. الخاتمة: تكامل النظام الفكري الأرسطي وأهميته الدائمة&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;يُظهر التحليل الشامل لأفكار أرسطو في المنطق والميتافيزيقا أن هذين المجالين ليسا منفصلين، بل هما مترابطان بشكل عميق ومتكاملان في نظامه الفكري. المنطق، كـ &quot;أداة&quot; أو &quot;تحليلات&quot;، يوفر المنهجية الصارمة اللازمة لاستكشاف الحقائق الميتافيزيقية. إن تركيزه على الصلاحية البنيوية في القياس، وتمييزه بين الجوهر والأعراض، وتفسيره الشامل للسببية من خلال الأسباب الأربعة، كلها تعكس سعيًا منهجيًا لفهم بنية الوجود وكيفية عمله.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;لقد أثرت أفكار أرسطو بشكل لا يمحى على الفكر الفلسفي الغربي والإسلامي لأكثر من ألفي عام، من خلال هيمنة منطقه، وتأثيره على الفلسفة المدرسية، واستمرارية النقاش حول مفاهيمه الميتافيزيقية في العصر الحديث. على الرغم من التحديات والانتقادات التي واجهتها بعض جوانب فلسفته (مثل الغائية المطلقة أو قيود منطقه الصوري)، فإن منهجه في التفكير النقدي والبحث عن الأسباب الأساسية لا يزال ذا أهمية بالغة. في عالم يتسم بالتقدم العلمي السريع والفلسفات المتطورة، تظل ميتافيزيقا أرسطو بمثابة بوصلة توجهنا في تفسير وفهم عالمنا، وتستمر أصداء حكمته في تشكيل سعينا للمعرفة والحقيقة. إن نظام أرسطو الفكري المتكامل، الذي يربط بين المنطق الصوري والبحث الميتافيزيقي عن الأسباب والجوهر، لا يزال يقدم إطارًا غنيًا للتحليل الفلسفي، ويؤكد على أهميته الدائمة في فهم أسس الفكر البشري والواقع.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;img src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNIhBVWobK58OOje_FKL202P7CJSaC5BvphNTzNy9vsMCKS0AsfyTkYkFvjKf5NTNTYlShNgf4fienAsfyrglCuQyGaCnyvS_inKmpqdbogbf2r3N1yB_P6PXT-1fD1X5wLNYsJvnQjcxqD1fLVoZOKzbm57ZTbf3kETD6Gs-SaNj3IDWuLD2if7nJKxoN/s1920/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1.jpg&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;

تسرنا زيارتك و تهمنا مشاركتك 

لا تنسى زيارتنا هنا 
https://jil22.yoo7.com/&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/feeds/1113054377655624954/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/2025/08/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4833260916268839313/posts/default/1113054377655624954'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4833260916268839313/posts/default/1113054377655624954'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/2025/08/blog-post.html' title='أرسطو: المنطق والميتافيزيقا الأولى'/><author><name>Admin </name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15763739130616251359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPWAk3e6CVhLbaBpb10PCEd6meSj_zEAs43BTxJ6wm5VBX0nVVOLxB7mzGovWEZJOQ8x3m8MRFq0p4vcZgH_ucljbT1H5FnJzpSYmAKwcDWAR1-UeLPtyV9poD5dnsONCfz-YJGf-Bdkgt4PktNZ3CXW6hafFy183sVnoEzYps7RRe8SU/s220/%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNIhBVWobK58OOje_FKL202P7CJSaC5BvphNTzNy9vsMCKS0AsfyTkYkFvjKf5NTNTYlShNgf4fienAsfyrglCuQyGaCnyvS_inKmpqdbogbf2r3N1yB_P6PXT-1fD1X5wLNYsJvnQjcxqD1fLVoZOKzbm57ZTbf3kETD6Gs-SaNj3IDWuLD2if7nJKxoN/s72-c/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4833260916268839313.post-4324500752482064546</id><published>2025-07-25T19:38:00.004+01:00</published><updated>2025-07-25T19:38:51.403+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="أدب وفن"/><title type='text'>تأثير الأدب في بناء الوعي السياسي والاجتماعي </title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;img src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBqKO0OXrXn-g9Nbhw0-Q48T6Ms8xpSAQeoJNgAwQ6V-np7hcqBNRvcP46Ql6ZLkTQQJsrawphc2SG1v3e08RGcoFx8Uw2qTZP_jKYS5PWvU5Zx6ml-VSO5GNVTLt0TJsuMda-efUnD4bQS2YvueRCedwaf0ki2rqHmeqy_xyFXj3BaoKIG1avl7rdO_PH/s1920/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1.jpg&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;تأثير الأدب في بناء الوعي السياسي
والاجتماعي: تحليل شامل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يُعد
الأدب، بفنونه المتعددة من روايات وقصص وشعر ومسرح، عنصراً محورياً في تشكيل الوعي
الجمعي ودفع عجلة التغيير في المجتمعات. إنه ليس مجرد مرآة تعكس الواقع، بل هو قوة
فاعلة تمنح الأفكار والمفاهيم قوامها وتحدد وجهتها. يساهم الأدب في تحقيق التوازن
النفسي للأفراد والمجتمعات، ويكسب الفرد القدرة على النقد والحكم والتقييم، ويهذب
الذوق وينمي المواهب ويوسع الخيال. العلاقة بين الأديب ومجتمعه هي علاقة تفاعلية
عميقة، يتأثر فيها الأديب بالأحداث المحيطة به ويتفاعل معها، مما يعزز انتماءه
وإحساسه بالمسؤولية. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;سيتناول
هذا التقرير تحليلاً شاملاً ومتعمقاً لتأثير الأدب في بناء الوعي السياسي
والاجتماعي، مستكشفاً أبعاده المختلفة عبر التاريخ وفي العصر الحديث. سيبحث
التقرير في كيفية استخدام الأدب كأداة للتغيير الاجتماعي والسياسي، ودوره في صياغة
الهوية الفردية والجماعية، ومناقشة إمكانياته في التوعية والتضليل، وتقييم تأثير
العصر الرقمي عليه، بالإضافة إلى تقديم دراسات حالة لأعمال أدبية مؤثرة، واختتاماً
بتوصيات لتعزيز هذا الدور الحيوي.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1. الأدب كأداة للتغيير الاجتماعي&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تُسهم
النصوص الأدبية بأنواعها المختلفة في تسليط الضوء على القضايا الاجتماعية الملحة
مثل العدالة، والفقر، والتمييز، وتلعب دوراً حاسماً في تشكيل الرأي العام وتحفيز
الحراك الاجتماعي.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تحليل كيفية تسليط النصوص الأدبية الضوء على القضايا
الاجتماعية&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تُعد
الرواية من أكثر الأجناس الأدبية حساسية تجاه المجتمع، فهي تصور الحياة والأقدار
البشرية والمحيط الاجتماعي والطبيعي الذي تحدث فيه هذه الأقدار. إن عالم النص
الروائي ينبع من المجتمع ويوجه إليه في آن واحد، مما يجعله عاملاً حقيقياً في فهم
الواقع. على سبيل المثال، كشفت الرواية الغربية بصدق الواقع الاجتماعي الأوروبي
عبر مراحل زمنية مختلفة، حيث صور روائيون مثل تولستوي ودوستويفسكي وغوركي معاناة
الفلاحين والعمال من الاستغلال والإقصاء على يد الإقطاعيين وأصحاب رأس المال. في
الأدب المعاصر، يعكس الكتاب والأدباء التحولات الاجتماعية المعقدة من خلال تجاربهم
ومشاعرهم تجاه الواقع، مستلهمين الأحداث السياسية لطرح قضايا الحرية والعدالة.
روايات مثل &quot;لن تنام الليلة&quot; لدروسيلا سيمونز تتناول قضايا التمييز
العنصري والطبقي في المجتمع الأمريكي. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;المسرح،
بدوره، تطورت وظيفته عبر العصور. فبعد أن كان في المرحلة الإغريقية يهدف إلى
&quot;إثارة الشفقة والخوف مما يؤدي إلى التطهير&quot; ، تحول بعد الثورة الصناعية
إلى منصة للوظائف التوعوية والنقدية والتحريضية، معبراً عن معاناة الطبقة العمالية
وموجهاً نحو &quot;تغيير العالم وتغيير وعي الإنسان به&quot;. أعمال شكسبير، مثل
&quot;هاملت&quot; و&quot;روميو وجولييت&quot;، تناولت قضايا إنسانية واجتماعية
عميقة كصراعات النفس البشرية والحب والصراعات الاجتماعية. كما عالج تشيخوف في
&quot;بستان الكرز&quot; و&quot;الخال فانيا&quot; التغيرات الاجتماعية
والاقتصادية وصراع الطبقات والفقر في روسيا القيصرية. وفي السياق العربي، تناولت
مسرحيات مثل &quot;الأرض&quot; في مصر قضايا الفلاحين وحقوقهم. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;الشعر
الاجتماعي، من جانبه، يتخصص في الدعوة إلى الثورة على الاستبداد والظلم ومحاربة
الفقر والحاجة. يتميز بلغته الواضحة والمباشرة، ويخاطب العواطف ويدعمها بالحجة.
قصيدة مايا أنجيلو &quot;مازلت أصعد&quot; تُعد نشيداً قوياً للمرونة والقوة، وقد
ألهمت حركات العدالة الاجتماعية. كما استكشف لانجستون هيوز قضايا الفقر في
&quot;هارلم&quot; ، وأبرز حافظ إبراهيم في شعره أوجاع وقضايا الشعب وجهلهم
بحقوقهم. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;أما القصة
القصيرة، فتتميز بالإيجاز والتركيز على إحداث تأثير عاطفي أو فكري عميق. تساهم هذه
الفنون في &quot;نشر الوعي بالقضايا الاجتماعية والثقافية، وتعزز الحوار والتفاعل
بين أفراد المجتمع&quot;. يمكن أن تكون القصة القصيرة واقعية، خيالية، أو رمزية،
مما يتيح لها معالجة القضايا من زوايا متعددة. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;دور الأدب في تشكيل الرأي العام وتحفيز الحراك الاجتماعي&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يُسهم
الأدب في تعميق المعاني وترتيب الأفكار، ويقدم فهماً لفلسفة الحياة والقدرة على
بلورة رأي نابع من الداخل. إن التصوير الصادق للعلاقات الاجتماعية في الرواية، على
سبيل المثال، لا يكتفي بعرض الواقع، بل يشير إلى الهدف الذي تتضمنه الرواية، ويقدم
رؤية للحركة الإنسانية في اتجاه تطورها، مما يمثل امتلاكاً معرفياً للواقع
وإلماماً شاملاً به. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يذهب
التحليل إلى أن الأدب يعمل بمثابة &quot;وعي مسبق&quot; للتغيير. فعندما يصور
الأدب معاناة الطبقات المهمشة أو يكشف عن أوجه الشر في المجتمع، فإنه لا يقدم مجرد
تقرير عن الوضع الراهن، بل يزرع بذور السخط والتساؤل في الوعي الجمعي. هذه البذور،
بمرور الوقت، تنمو لتشكل وعياً جديداً يدفع نحو التغيير. يمكن اعتبار الأدب
&quot;مختبراً اجتماعياً&quot; أو &quot;محاكاة للواقع&quot;، حيث يتم اختبار
الأفكار والمشاعر المتعلقة بالظلم والصراع في بيئة آمنة هي النص الأدبي. هذا
الاختبار الافتراضي يهيئ الأذهان لتقبل فكرة التغيير في الواقع، بل ويحفز عليها.
الأدب لا ينتظر التغيير ليصفه، بل يساهم في تهيئة التربة الفكرية والنفسية له. هذا
يعني أن الأدب قد يكون مؤشراً مبكراً على التحولات الاجتماعية الكبرى، وأن دراسة
الأدب السائد في فترة معينة يمكن أن تكشف عن التوترات الكامنة التي قد تنفجر
لاحقاً في حركات اجتماعية أو سياسية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2. الأدب وبناء الوعي السياسي&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يتمتع
الأدب بقدرة فريدة على كشف أنماط السلطة، ونقد الأنظمة السياسية أو حتى دعمها، وقد
كان له تأثير مباشر في حركات التغيير السياسي عبر التاريخ.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;دراسة قدرة الأدب على كشف أنماط السلطة ونقد الأنظمة السياسية
أو دعمها&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تُعد
السياسة نسقاً اجتماعياً ذا هيمنة شاملة على مناحي الحياة المختلفة، ولذلك، فإن
الأدب حين يعكس رؤيته للواقع، فإنه يُعتبر ممارسة سياسية بشكل من الأشكال. الأدب
الجيد، بطبيعته، يميل إلى الالتزام، وهذا الالتزام يدفعه بالضرورة إلى الاصطفاف مع
المعارضة. الأدب هو الوسيلة الأولى للتعبير عن إرادة الحرية والتغيير، والرواية
السياسية هي تلك التي تمثل فيها القضايا والموضوعات السياسية الدور الغالب، سواء
بشكل صريح أو رمزي. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لقد استخدم
أدباء مثل فولتير ومونتسكيو المسرح والشعر لتمرير أفكارهما المنتقدة لسياسة
السلطة. كما جاءت رواية تشارلز ديكنز الشهيرة &quot;قصة مدينتين&quot; تعبيراً عن
التحدي بين باريس ولندن إبان الثورة الفرنسية. الأدباء السياسيون هم غالباً أبناء
الطبقة الوسطى، القريبون من جميع فئات مجتمعهم، والقادرون على التعبير عن هموم
الناس بصورة أدبية تتميز بالعمق والزخم. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;على الجانب
الآخر، لطالما كان الأدب موضع اهتمام أصحاب السلطة من ملوك وأمراء وجنرالات.
الإمبراطور اليوناني هادريان ونابليون، على سبيل المثال، سخروا الأدب لخدمة
مصالحهم السياسية. يمكن للسلطة السياسية أن تفسر الأدب وفق مصالحها لضمان بقائها
وترسيخ هيمنتها، مما قد يحول الأديب إلى بوق إعلامي ويفقده هامش حريته. في العصر
الأموي، استمال معاوية بن أبي سفيان الشعراء بالأموال ليشيدوا بمآثره ويدافعوا عن
دولته. وفي روسيا، ثمن النظام السوفييتي قصائد الشاعر العظيم بوشكين الوطنية التي
تمجد روسيا القيصرية، وزعم أن قصائده المناهضة للسلطة كتبت تحت ضغط الرقابة. وفي
عهد فلاديمير بوتين، تم تقييم قصائد بوشكين الوطنية كإنجازات حقيقية، بينما اعتبرت
دعواته للحرية &quot;من طيش الشباب&quot;. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تُظهر هذه
العلاقة جدلية معقدة بين الحرية والإبداع في الأدب السياسي. يرى نجيب محفوظ أن
غزارة الإبداع في الستينات، حيث كان هامش الحرية أضيق، كانت أشد منها في
السبعينات، حيث كان هامش الحرية أوسع. هذا يشير إلى أن التحديات التي فرضها غياب
الحرية في الستينات دفعت المبدعين إلى إنجاز أعمال إبداعية غنية بالرموز
والإسقاطات للتعبير عما يريدونه. هذا الطرح يدحض المقولة الشائعة التي تجعل من
الحرية السياسية شرطاً لا غنى عنه للإبداع الأدبي. الأدب في ظل غياب الحرية
السياسية يتحول إلى نوع من المقاومة بالحيلة ومجال للتنفيس عما يكنه الأديب في
نفسه تجاه السلطة، دون أن يستطيع الإفصاح عنه صراحة خوفاً من المساءلة. هذا يعني
أن القمع لا يقتل الإبداع بالضرورة، بل قد يغير من أساليبه ويجعله أكثر رمزية
وعمقاً، مما قد يزيد من تأثيره على المدى الطويل من خلال تحفيز القارئ على فك رموز
الرسالة. هذا يشير إلى أن الأدب المقاوم يمكن أن يكون أكثر فعالية في البيئات
القمعية، حيث يصبح الفن الملاذ الأخير للتعبير عن الرفض، ويتحول النص إلى لغز
يشارك القارئ في حله، مما يعمق العلاقة بين النص والمتلقي ويزيد من تأثير الرسالة.
&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;أمثلة لنصوص أدبية كان لها تأثير مباشر في حركات التغيير
السياسي&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لقد أدت
&quot;جملة أدبية&quot; من كلمتين تلفظ بها رجل السياسة الشهير مارتن لوثر كينغ،
وهي &quot;لديّ حلم&quot;، إلى تغيير تاريخ السود في أمريكا. كما أذكت رواية
&quot;كوخ العم توم&quot; للكاتبة الأمريكية هارييت بيتشر ستو شرارة الحرب الأهلية
في الولايات المتحدة، لأنها سلطت الأنظار على معاناة السود في أمريكا. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;في أمريكا
اللاتينية، قاد العداء للقوى الاستعمارية إلى &quot;حروب الاستقلال&quot;، وألهم
الشعراء والأدباء لنظم القصائد وكتابة القصص التي انتقدت بشكل لاذع القوى
الاستعمارية، مثل رواية &quot;الببغاء الغاضب&quot;. ودافع كتاب مثل غابرييل
غارسيا ماركيز عن حرية وسعادة شعوب أمريكا اللاتينية وعبروا عن طموحاتهم في
التغيير، وصوروا قسوة الاستعمار وشخصية الديكتاتور المرعبة. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;في العالم
العربي، قاوم شعراء مثل أمل دنقل ومظفر النواب وأحمد مطر السلطة المستبدة بقصائد
مباشرة. ومثلت ثورة 23 يوليو 1952 في مصر نقطة تحول فاصلة، حيث واكب الأدب المصري
التحولات وساهم في التعبير عن آمال المجتمع وتناقضاته، وصعد التيار الواقعي الذي
تناول حياة الفقراء والعمال والفلاحين. رواية &quot;الأرض&quot; لعبد الرحمن
الشرقاوي، على سبيل المثال، حملت بداخلها &quot;صرخة ضد بعض أشكال القهر
الاجتماعي&quot;. وفي السودان، لعب الأدب والثقافة الشعبية أدواراً مهمة في صياغة
الروح الوطنية ومقاومة الاحتلال الاستعماري عبر الأغنيات والقصائد الوطنية. &amp;nbsp;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3. التفاعل بين الأدب والهوية الاجتماعية&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يساهم
الأدب بشكل كبير في صياغة الهوية الفردية والجماعية، ويعزز الانتماء أو حتى يتحدى
المفاهيم التقليدية للمجتمع.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;كيف يساهم الأدب في صياغة الهوية الفردية والجماعية&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يُعد الأدب
وسيلة أساسية للحفاظ على التراث الثقافي ونقله من جيل إلى جيل. من خلال القصص
والروايات، يتم توثيق تجارب الشعوب وتاريخها وقيمها ومعتقداتها، مما يعزز الهوية
الثقافية والانتماء للمجتمع. كما يساعد الأدب الفرد على تشكيل صورته الذاتية
وهويته الثقافية. فمن خلال التعرض للشخصيات والقصص الأدبية، يمكن للفرد أن يرى
نماذج مختلفة للهويات ويعيش تجاربها افتراضياً، مما يعزز الوعي الذاتي والانتماء
لثقافته الأصلية. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يعزز الأدب
الشعور بالانتماء الثقافي ويعمق إحساسنا بالهوية الفردية والجماعية. من خلال
القراءة عن تجارب الثقافات الأخرى، يمكن للمتلقي اكتشاف أوجه التشابه والاختلاف
بينه وبين الآخرين، مما يعمق فهمه لذاته وللآخرين. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يذهب
التحليل إلى أن الأدب يوفر &quot;مساحة آمنة&quot; لاستكشاف الهوية المتغيرة.
فالمجتمعات تتغير بسرعة مذهلة تحت وطأة تحولات اجتماعية معقدة، ويعكس الأدب
المعاصر هذه التحولات بما في ذلك قضايا الهجرة والتعددية الثقافية والتحولات
الدينية. الأدب، بتقديمه &quot;نماذج للهويات المختلفة&quot; ، يوفر مساحة آمنة
للأفراد والجماعات لاستكشاف هوياتهم في سياق هذه التغيرات المعقدة. من خلال
الشخصيات الأدبية، يمكن للقارئ أن يتعاطف مع تجارب مختلفة وأن يختبر
&quot;افتراضياً&quot; تحديات الهوية دون الحاجة لخوضها في الواقع. هذا يساعد في
&quot;تجاوز الحواجز وبناء جسور التواصل بين الثقافات&quot; ويساهم في صياغة هوية
أكثر مرونة وتكيفاً مع التحولات. في عالم يتسم بالهجرة والتنوع المتزايد، يصبح
الأدب أداة حيوية ليس فقط للحفاظ على الهويات التقليدية، بل أيضاً لتسهيل دمج
الهويات الجديدة وتشكيل هويات هجينة، مما يقلل من الصراعات الثقافية ويعزز التفاهم
المشترك. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;دوره في تعزيز الانتماء أو تحدي المفاهيم التقليدية للمجتمع&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يمكن للأدب
أن يكون &quot;وسيلة للمقاومة والتعبير عن الهوية الثقافية المهمشة&quot;. يساهم
الأدب في &quot;تحدي المعايير السائدة وتجاوز الحدود&quot;. الأدب الساخر، على
سبيل المثال، يكسر &quot;التابوهات&quot; الاجتماعية والسياسية والدينية، ويتطلب
من الأديب &quot;الحرية في الوصول إلى كل المناطق التي يريد&quot;. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يذهب
التحليل إلى أن الأدب يعمل كـ &quot;مُحفّز للتمرد الفكري&quot;. فالأدب، خاصة
الذي يتناول &quot;المسكوت عنه&quot; ويكسر التابوهات ، لا يكتفي بتصوير الأعراف
الاجتماعية، بل يدفع القارئ إلى التساؤل عنها وتحديها. هذا التحدي قد يكون تعبيراً
عن &quot;الأصالة الشخصية&quot; أو حافزاً &quot;للتغيير الثقافي&quot;. الأدب
يقدم &quot;إمكانيات جديدة بدلاً عن تلك الموجودة في الواقع&quot;. إنه لا يدعو
بالضرورة إلى الثورة المسلحة، بل يثير &quot;النزعة البروميثية&quot; (الرغبة في
التغيير والتحكم بالمصير) داخل الفرد، محولاً المتفرج السلبي إلى &quot;كائن واع
يسعى إلى تحديد مصيره&quot;. هذا الدور للأدب يساهم في ديناميكية المجتمع ويمنع
الجمود الفكري والثقافي. إنه يغذي القدرة على النقد الذاتي والمجتمعي، ويشجع على
التفكير المستقل، مما يجعله عنصراً أساسياً في بناء مجتمعات مرنة وقادرة على
التطور المستمر. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4. الأدب بين التوعية والتضليل&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يمتلك
الأدب قدرة هائلة على تشكيل الوعي، مما يجعله أداة قوية يمكن استخدامها للتوعية
أو، في المقابل، للتضليل والترويج لأجندات معينة.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;مناقشة إمكانية استخدام الأدب كأداة للتضليل أو الترويج
لأجندات معينة&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لطالما
دأبت السلطة السياسية على تفسير الأدب وفق مصالحها، بهدف ضمان بقائها وتنفيذ
برامجها السياسية وترسيخ هيمنتها. في هذا السياق، يمكن أن يتحول الأديب إلى
&quot;بوق إعلامي&quot; ويفقد هامش حريته. البروباغندا الأدبية هي شكل من أشكال
نشر المعلومات بطريقة موجهة وأحادية المنظور، تتضمن مجموعة مركزة من الرسائل بهدف
التأثير في آراء أكبر عدد من الأشخاص وسلوكهم. تستغل هذه البروباغندا التقنيات
الحديثة للتأثير في الرأي العام، وتوجيه الأفكار والقرارات السياسية والاقتصادية
والاجتماعية، وحتى الدينية، وذلك باستخدام تقنيات سيكولوجية مثل القولبة،
والتكرار، وإثارة الغرائز، وادعاء الموضوعية، وحجب الحقائق. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تُصنف
أعمال مثل &quot;مزرعة الحيوان&quot; و&quot;1984&quot; لجورج أورويل، و&quot;عالم
جديد شجاع&quot; لألدوس هكسلي، و&quot;سيد الذباب&quot; لويليام جولدينج، ضمن
الأدب الذي يعرض آليات البروباغندا. هذه الأعمال، وإن كانت نقدية في جوهرها، إلا
أنها تستخدم آليات التضليل في تصويرها للعوالم الشمولية، مما يكشف عن طبيعة
التلاعب بالوعي. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يذهب
التحليل إلى أن الأدب يعمل كـ &quot;سلاح ذو حدين&quot; في صراع الوعي. فالأدب
يمتلك &quot;سلطة رمزية تمارس على النفوس والعقول&quot;. هذه السلطة يمكن أن
تُستخدم &quot;لتأديب السياسة&quot; (أي الدفع نحو التغيير الإيجابي) أو
&quot;لتسييس الأدب&quot; (أي توظيفه لخدمة مصالح السلطة). هذا التناقض الجوهري
يجعله أداة قوية للتوعية أو للتضليل. الأدب ليس محايداً بطبيعته؛ فقدرته على
التأثير العاطفي والفكري تجعله هدفاً لكل من القوى الثورية والأنظمة القائمة.
عندما تتبنى السلطة الأدب، فإنها تحاول &quot;تدجين الأديب&quot; وتحويله إلى
&quot;أدب سلطة&quot; ، مما يقوض دوره النقدي. هذا يكشف عن أن الأدب ليس مجرد فن،
بل هو ميدان صراع أيديولوجي حيث تتنافس الرؤى على تشكيل الوعي الجمعي. هذه الجدلية
تتطلب وعياً مستمراً من القارئ والمجتمع، وتؤكد على ضرورة وجود نقد أدبي قوي
ومستقل قادر على كشف آليات التضليل وتعرية &quot;أدب السلطة&quot; للحفاظ على
الدور الحيوي للأدب كقوة تحررية. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;كيف يمكن للقارئ النقدي تمييز ذلك&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لتمييز
الأدب المضلل، يجب على القارئ النقدي أن يبحث عن &quot;الحجة والبرهان&quot; بدلاً
من &quot;الشتم والتهويل&quot;. النقد المضلل غالباً ما يستند إلى &quot;اقتباس
مبتور&quot; أو &quot;إحاطة ضعيفة&quot; أو يكون مدفوعاً بـ &quot;تعصب&quot; أو
&quot;هوى&quot;. يجب على القارئ أن يركز على المحتوى لا الشخصنة، وأن &quot;يحترم
مساحة النقد بلا بغي&quot; و&quot;يربي الناس على الحق&quot;. النقد المضلل يتسم
بـ&quot;الشخصنة والعصبية&quot; وإهمال الحق إذا كان قائله &quot;لا يعجبنا&quot;.
&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يجب أن
يكون القارئ واعياً بالهدف من النص. فالنقد المضلل قد يكون &quot;لمجرد النقد بدون
وجهة&quot; أو لتفريغ &quot;شحنات البغض&quot;. الأدب الهادف &quot;يسائل الهوية
الجديدة ويؤسس لها، ويرسمها ويطرح كل الأسئلة ويعمّق بيننا الحوار الحضاري
البَناء، ولا نحتاج أدباً دعائياً رخيصاً يسيء إلى القضية أكثر مما يخدمها&quot;.
&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يذهب
التحليل إلى أن القارئ النقدي يعمل كـ &quot;خط دفاع أول&quot; ضد التضليل. مع
تزايد استخدام الأدب للبروباغندا، يصبح دور القارئ أكثر أهمية. تمييز الأدب المضلل
يتطلب تجاوز السطح (الكلمات المشحونة عاطفياً) إلى تحليل البنية العميقة للنص
ومقاصد المؤلف. القارئ النقدي ليس مجرد متلقٍ سلبي، بل هو شريك في &quot;إخراج
العمل الأدبي إلى حيز الوجود&quot;. من خلال &quot;الصرامة الفكرية
والمنهجية&quot; ، يمكنه &quot;تمييز الأدب المضلل&quot; عن الأدب الأصيل. هذا
يعزز فكرة أن &quot;الأدب السياسي أو الاجتماعي في حاجة إلى قراء مثقفين أحرار
الفكر بقدر حاجته إلى أدباء واعين&quot;. بناء جيل من القراء النقديين هو استثمار
في المناعة المجتمعية ضد التلاعب بالوعي. هذا يتطلب تعزيز التعليم النقدي، وتشجيع
التفكير المستقل، وتوفير مساحات للحوار المفتوح حول النصوص الأدبية. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;5. الأدب في العصر الرقمي&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لقد أحدث
العصر الرقمي تحولات جذرية في طريقة إنتاج الأدب وتلقيه وانتشاره، مما أثر بشكل
كبير على الأدب السياسي والاجتماعي.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تقييم تأثير المنصات الرقمية على انتشار الأدب السياسي
والاجتماعي&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تُعد
المنصات الرقمية بيئة حيوية لتطور الإبداع الأدبي، حيث &quot;توسع الحدود
الإبداعية&quot; وتتيح للكتاب &quot;الوصول إلى جمهور عالمي بسهولة، دون الحاجة
إلى نشر تقليدي&quot;. يساهم الإعلام الرقمي، وخاصة شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي، في
&quot;خلق وعي جديد يعمل على تعزيز دور المجتمع المدني ومساهمته في المسار
الديمقراطي&quot;. كما أدت هذه المنصات إلى &quot;توسيع المشاركة الشعبية في صناعة
الإعلام، مما أدى إلى ظهور ما يسمى بـ &quot;المواطن الصحفي&quot;&quot;. وقد ساهم
الإعلام الرقمي في &quot;تآكل قدرة السلطة المهيمنة (المستبدة) عن حصاره وتقويضه
وكذا إسكات صوته&quot;. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يذهب التحليل
إلى أن التحول الرقمي أحدث &quot;ديمقراطية النشر&quot; وتحدياً للسرديات
المهيمنة. في الماضي، كان النشر والوصول إلى الجمهور حكراً على المؤسسات التقليدية
التي قد تخضع لسيطرة السلطة. المنصات الرقمية كسرت هذه الحواجز، مما سمح للأصوات
المهمشة بالوصول إلى جمهور واسع. هذه الديمقراطية في النشر تضعف قدرة الأنظمة على
احتكار السرديات وتوجيه الرأي العام، مما يزيد من فرص الأدب في إحداث التغيير. هذا
التغيير الجذري في بنية النشر يفرض تحديات جديدة على الرقابة التقليدية ويجعل من
الصعب قمع الأصوات المعارضة، مما يفتح آفاقاً أوسع للأدب في المساهمة في الحوار
العام وتشكيل الوعي. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;هل وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي تعزز تأثيره أم تقلل من قيمته؟&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تُقدم
وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي فرصاً لتعزيز تأثير الأدب. فهي &quot;تفتح فضاءات كثيرة
للعمل ولأخذ المعلومات من كل مكان&quot;. المحتوى المقدم، سواء كان مكتوباً أو
مرئياً أو مسموعاً، يُعد &quot;أحد أقوى وسائل التأثير الشخصي والإعلامي&quot;.
هذا يشير إلى قدرة هذه المنصات على ترويج الأدب ووصوله إلى جماهير أوسع. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ومع ذلك،
هناك تحديات قد تقلل من قيمة الأدب وعمقه في العصر الرقمي. فقد أدى العصر الرقمي
إلى &quot;طريقة الإيجاز وانتشار الاختصارات وتغير قواعد اللغة التقليدية&quot;.
كما أن استخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي في كتابة النصوص الأدبية قد يؤثر سلباً على جودة
لغتها، لافتقاره إلى &quot;القدرة على مجاراة التفاعل البشري الحقيقي مع النصوص
الأدبية&quot;. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، &quot;تسيطر ثقافة الصور على الأدب الرقمي&quot;
، مما قد يقلل من عمق النصوص التي تعتمد بشكل أساسي على الكلمة المكتوبة والتفكير
المتأنق. كما أن الإفراط في استخدام وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي يؤدي إلى
&quot;الإحباط واليأس&quot; و&quot;الابتعاد عن الواقع&quot; ، و&quot;يؤثر سلباً
على جوانب أخرى من الحياة&quot; ويسبب &quot;تشتت التفكير&quot;. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يذهب
التحليل إلى أن العصر الرقمي يحمل مفارقة: انتشار مقابل عمق. فالمنصات الرقمية
تتيح انتشاراً غير مسبوق للأدب ، مما يجعله يصل إلى جماهير أوسع. ومع ذلك، فإن
طبيعة هذه المنصات – التي تفضل الإيجاز، وتعتمد على ثقافة الصور، وتساهم في تشتت
الانتباه – قد تؤثر على جودة اللغة وعمق التفكير الذي يتطلبه الأدب الجاد. هذا
يخلق تحدياً للأدباء للحفاظ على القيمة الفنية والعمق الفكري لأعمالهم مع التكيف
مع متطلبات المنصات الرقمية. هذه المفارقة تتطلب من الكتاب والمؤسسات الثقافية
تطوير استراتيجيات جديدة لتقديم الأدب الرقمي، ربما من خلال أشكال أدبية تفاعلية
جديدة تستفيد من التقنية دون التضحية بالجوهر، وتشجيع القراءة المتأنية والنقدية
في بيئة رقمية سريعة. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;6. دراسات حالة لأدباء ونصوص مؤثرة&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لقد ترك
العديد من الأدباء بصمات واضحة في الوعي السياسي والاجتماعي من خلال أعمالهم
الخالدة.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تحليل أعمال مختارة لأدباء كان لهم تأثير واضح في الوعي
السياسي أو الاجتماعي&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;جورج أورويل (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;George Orwell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul type=&quot;circle&quot;&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;العملان الرئيسيان:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; رواية &quot;1984&quot;
      و&quot;مزرعة الحيوان&quot;. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;القضية المحورية:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; التحذير من غياب العدالة
      الاجتماعية ومعارضة الحكم الشمولي. تُعد أعماله سرديات رعب وهزيمة أمام
      الاستبداد والدكتاتورية. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;نوع التأثير:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; سياسي واجتماعي.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ملاحظات:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; صورت رواية &quot;1984&quot;
      عالماً مرعباً من القهر للمجتمع وتشويه الإنسان، حيث تختفي الناس وتُلغى
      ذكرياتهم. أصبح مصطلح &quot;أورويلية&quot; يصف ممارسات الحكم الاستبدادي
      والشمولي. كانت أعماله تهدف إلى التنبيه بأن الرعب ممكن وأن له وجوهاً
      وأقنعة مختلفة. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;نجيب محفوظ (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Naguib Mahfouz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul type=&quot;circle&quot;&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;الأعمال الرئيسية:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &quot;الثلاثية&quot; (بين
      القصرين، قصر الشوق، السكرية)، &quot;أولاد حارتنا&quot;،
      &quot;ميرامار&quot;، &quot;الكرنك&quot;. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;القضية المحورية:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; استدعاء التراث الثقافي
      الإسلامي والعربي باستخدام النظرية الروائية الأوروبية. تناول الواقع السيئ
      الذي يعيشه المواطن العربي ، وقضايا العدالة الاجتماعية، والتغيير الثوري،
      والطبقات المهمشة. كما ركز على الاستبداد ومصادرة حقوق الإنسان. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;نوع التأثير:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; اجتماعي وسياسي.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ملاحظات:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; تناولت أعماله صراع القيم
      الاجتماعية التقليدية بالحديثة، وتأثير التصنيع والتعليم والإعلام على
      المجتمع. في رواية &quot;ميرامار&quot;، تحولت الشخصيات إلى رموز سياسية.
      ناقشت رواية &quot;الكرنك&quot; تعذيب الشباب في السجون المصرية وقمع
      الحريات. حصل على جائزة نوبل في الأدب عام 1988. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;غسان كنفاني (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ghassan Kanafani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul type=&quot;circle&quot;&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;العمل الرئيسي:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &quot;رجال في الشمس&quot;.
      &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;القضية المحورية:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; أهمية الأدب في مقاومة المحتل.
      تناول مأساة الشخصيات الذين تكبدوا مشاق الرحيل، معبراً عن الألم والشغف في
      البحث عن وطن. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;نوع التأثير:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; سياسي واجتماعي (أدب مقاومة).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ملاحظات:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; أطلق مصطلح &quot;أدب
      المقاومة&quot; على شعراء فلسطين، وأدرك أن فعل المقاومة بالقلم له أثره
      أمام الرصاص. روايته &quot;رجال في الشمس&quot; تثير التساؤل حول مصير
      النازحين وضرورة مواجهة الآخر. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;طه حسين (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Taha Hussein&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul type=&quot;circle&quot;&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;العمل الرئيسي:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &quot;الأيام&quot;. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;القضية المحورية:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; تأثير التعليم في تشكيل
      الشخصية، والصعوبات التي واجهها كمعاق، والجدل بين الثقافة العربية
      والغربية، وقضايا الهوية والانتماء والمعاناة. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;نوع التأثير:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; اجتماعي وثقافي.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ملاحظات:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; تعكس الرواية الطفولة
      والمراهقة والصراع الداخلي للكاتب، وتجسد قدرة الفرد على تجاوز التحديات.
      &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;عبد الرحمن منيف (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Abdul Rahman Munif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul type=&quot;circle&quot;&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;العمل الرئيسي:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &quot;زاد المسافر&quot;.
      &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;القضية المحورية:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; يركز على الأحداث السياسية
      التي تؤثر في المجتمعات العربية وتأثيرها على حياة الأفراد. يقدم شخصيات
      نضالية تدخل في صراعات وجودية، مما يتمثل في قضايا الهوية والانتماء. &amp;nbsp;
      &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;نوع التأثير:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; سياسي واجتماعي.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ملاحظات:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; تتطرق الرواية إلى التحولات
      الاجتماعية والسياسية وتأثيرها على الأفراد. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;أمثلة أخرى متنوعة:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul type=&quot;circle&quot;&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;هاريت بيتشر ستو (&quot;كوخ
      العم توم&quot;):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
      أذكت شرارة الحرب الأهلية الأمريكية بتسليط الضوء على معاناة السود. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;فولتير ومونتسكيو:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; مررا أفكارهما المنتقدة للسلطة
      عبر المسرح والشعر، مما ساهم في قيام الثورة الفرنسية. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;كتاب أمريكا اللاتينية (مثل
      غابرييل غارسيا ماركيز):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
      دافعوا عن حرية وسعادة شعوب أمريكا اللاتينية وعبروا عن طموحاتهم في
      التغيير. صوروا قسوة الاستعمار وشخصية الديكتاتور المرعبة. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;جدول: أبرز الأعمال الأدبية المؤثرة وتأثيرها في الوعي السياسي
والاجتماعي&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
 &lt;thead&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;المؤلف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;العمل
   الأدبي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;القضية
   المحورية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;نوع
   التأثير&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ملاحظات
   حول التأثير&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
   &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/thead&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;جورج
  أورويل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&quot;1984&quot; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;و&quot;مزرعة الحيوان&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;التحذير
  من الشمولية والاستبداد، غياب العدالة الاجتماعية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;سياسي،
  اجتماعي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;صور
  عالماً مرعباً من القهر وتشويه الإنسان؛ مصطلح &quot;أورويلية&quot; يصف الحكم
  الشمولي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;نجيب
  محفوظ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;الثلاثية&quot;، &quot;ميرامار&quot;، &quot;الكرنك&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;صراع
  القيم الاجتماعية، تأثير التحديث، قضايا العدالة، نقد الاستبداد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;اجتماعي،
  سياسي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;أعماله
  تعكس تحولات المجتمع المصري وتناقضاته؛ شخصيات &quot;ميرامار&quot; تحولت لرموز
  سياسية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;غسان
  كنفاني&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;رجال في الشمس&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;مأساة
  التهجير والبحث عن وطن، مقاومة المحتل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;سياسي،
  اجتماعي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;أطلق
  مصطلح &quot;أدب المقاومة&quot;؛ تثير الرواية تساؤلات حول مصير النازحين وضرورة
  المواجهة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;طه حسين&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;الأيام&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تأثير
  التعليم، صراع الهوية الثقافية (عربي/غربي)، تحديات الإعاقة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;اجتماعي،
  ثقافي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تعكس
  رحلة الكاتب في الحياة والتعليم وتجاوز التحديات؛ تجسيد للجدل الثقافي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;عبد
  الرحمن منيف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;زاد المسافر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;تأثير
  الأحداث السياسية على الأفراد، قضايا الهوية والانتماء، صراعات وجودية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;سياسي،
  اجتماعي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يتطرق
  للتحولات الاجتماعية والسياسية وتأثيرها على حياة الأفراد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;هارييت
  بيتشر ستو&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;كوخ العم توم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;معاناة
  العبيد والتمييز العنصري&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;اجتماعي،
  سياسي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;أذكت
  شرارة الحرب الأهلية الأمريكية بتسليط الضوء على الظلم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;فولتير
  ومونتسكيو&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;مسرحيات
  وقصائد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;نقد
  السلطة، الدعوة للحرية والتسامح، محاربة التعصب&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;سياسي،
  اجتماعي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ساهمت
  كتاباتهما في تهيئة المناخ للثورة الفرنسية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;غابرييل
  غارسيا ماركيز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;روايات
  (مثل &quot;خريف البطريرك&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;نقد
  الدكتاتورية، الدفاع عن حرية الشعوب، تصوير قسوة الاستعمار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;سياسي،
  اجتماعي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;أعماله
  تمثل تيار الواقعية السحرية وتكشف عن شخصية الديكتاتور المرعبة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;تُقدم
الجداول تلخيصاً للمعلومات المعقدة في شكل سهل الفهم، مما يتيح للمستخدم مسحها
بسرعة للحصول على النقاط الرئيسية. كما أن وضع الأعمال جنباً إلى جنب يسهل رؤية
الأنماط المشتركة أو الاختلافات في القضايا التي تناولها الأدباء المختلفون وأنواع
التأثيرات التي أحدثوها، مما يدعم التحليل الشامل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;7. توصيات لتعزيز دور الأدب في التوعية&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;لتعزيز
الدور الحيوي للأدب في التوعية الاجتماعية والسياسية، يتطلب الأمر جهوداً متضافرة
من الكتّاب والنقاد والمؤسسات الثقافية.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;مقترحات للكتّاب والنقاد والمؤسسات الثقافية لتعزيز فعالية
الأدب&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;للأدباء:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; يجب على الأديب أن &quot;يعي دوره في
المجتمع ويضطلع بالمسؤولية الملقاة على كاهله لأنه لا يكتب لنفسه&quot;. ينبغي أن
يكون الأدب &quot;مرتبطاً بوعي العصر ومشكلاته المحددة بما فيها القضايا
السياسية&quot;. على الأدباء أن يتحلوا بالجرأة في كسر التابوهات، وأن يتناولوا
&quot;المسكوت عنه&quot; ، وأن يكونوا &quot;أحراراً في الوصول إلى كل المناطق
التي يريدون&quot; ، مع مراعاة الأسلوب الفني الذي يضمن وصول الرسالة إلى أوسع
جمهور. من الضروري أيضاً الحفاظ على الجودة الفنية؛ فلا يجب أن تغفل الرواية
السياسية &quot;جماليات اللغة والأسلوب والبناء&quot; ، وألا تتحول إلى
&quot;رواية تقريرية، ثقيلة الظل&quot;. وأخيراً، على الكتاب التكيف مع العصر
الرقمي واستغلال المنصات الرقمية للوصول إلى جمهور أوسع ، مع الحفاظ على عمق
النصوص وجودتها اللغوية، وابتكار أشكال أدبية رقمية تفاعلية. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;للنقاد:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; يُعد النقد &quot;من أهم الحوافز
الدافعة إلى ازدهار الإبداع الأدبي&quot;. لذا، يجب على النقاد تعزيز النقد
البنّاء والموضوعي، القائم على &quot;الكفاءة النقدية&quot; و&quot;احترام مساحة
النقد بلا بغي&quot; و&quot;التواضع للحق&quot;. من أهم أدوارهم أيضاً كشف
التضليل، بأن يكونوا &quot;خط الدفاع الأول&quot; ضد الأدب المضلل، من خلال تحليل
منهجي يكشف آليات البروباغندا. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;للمؤسسات
الثقافية:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; يجب على الأمة أن &quot;تشجع الأدباء
وتعطيهم المكانة اللائقة&quot;. كما ينبغي على المجتمعات والأفراد &quot;الاستثمار
في دعم الأدب وتعزيز قراءته وانتشاره وترجمته&quot;. يتوجب على هذه المؤسسات توفير
منصات للنقاش، وتشجيع &quot;الحوار والتفاعل بين أفراد المجتمع&quot; حول القضايا
التي يطرحها الأدب. والاستثمار في التعليم النقدي لبناء جيل من القراء النقديين
القادرين على تمييز الرسائل الأدبية وتحليلها بعمق. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;يذهب
التحليل إلى أن تعزيز دور الأدب في التوعية يتطلب بناء &quot;منظومة بيئية&quot;
متكاملة. فتأثير الأدب لا يعتمد فقط على جودة النص، بل على تفاعل منظومة كاملة
تشمل الكاتب، الناقد، القارئ، والمؤسسات الثقافية. إذا كان الأدب &quot;مرآة
للواقع&quot; ، فإن جودة هذه المرآة وقدرتها على عكس الواقع بصدق وتحفيز التغيير تتطلب
دعماً من كل هذه الأطراف. لتعزيز دور الأدب في التوعية الاجتماعية والسياسية، يجب
بناء &quot;منظومة بيئية&quot; متكاملة تدعم الإبداع الحر والمسؤول، وتشجع النقد
البنّاء، وتنمي القراءة النقدية، وتوفر قنوات فعالة لانتشار الأدب الهادف. هذه
المنظومة تضمن أن الأدب لا يظل مجرد عمل فردي، بل يتحول إلى قوة جماعية دافعة
للتغيير. هذا النهج الشامل يضمن استدامة تأثير الأدب، ويحميه من محاولات التسييس
أو التهميش، ويجعله جزءاً لا يتجزأ من عملية التنمية المجتمعية الشاملة، وليس مجرد
ترف ثقافي. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;خاتمة: الأدب كقوة دافعة للمستقبل&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;في الختام،
يتضح أن الأدب ليس مجرد شكل من أشكال التعبير الفني، بل هو قوة دافعة حيوية في
تشكيل الوعي السياسي والاجتماعي للمجتمعات. إنه يتجاوز كونه مجرد انعكاس للواقع
ليصبح &quot;امتلاكاً معرفياً للواقع&quot; و&quot;رؤية للحركة الإنسانية&quot;.
الأدب &quot;شاهد حي وصوت فني ينطق بلغة العواطف والفلسفة في وجه التحديات
الاجتماعية&quot;. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;في ظل
التحولات المتسارعة التي يشهدها العالم، يظل الأدب &quot;شريكاً لا غنى عنه في
رحلتنا لفهم تعقيدات المجتمعات اليوم&quot;. إن قدرته على مساءلة الهوية الجديدة
وتأسيسها، ورسمها وطرح كل الأسئلة وتعميق الحوار الحضاري البناء ، تؤكد على دوره
المستمر. مستقبل الأدب يكمن في قدرته على التكيف مع التقنيات الجديدة مع الحفاظ
على جوهره الإنساني والفكري، ليظل &quot;قوة دافعة&quot; نحو مجتمعات أكثر وعياً
وعدلاً وإنسانية. &amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;message-content _ngcontent-ng-c3738053021=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2591437382=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;message-content ng-tns-c3738053021-25 message-content-readonly ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;message-content&quot; id=&quot;extended-response-message-content&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c689632979=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c689632979=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/message-content&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c3738053021=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;end-of-report-marker ng-tns-c3738053021-25 ng-star-inserted&quot; jslog=&quot;261107;track:impression&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;

تسرنا زيارتك و تهمنا مشاركتك 

لا تنسى زيارتنا هنا 
https://jil22.yoo7.com/&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/feeds/4324500752482064546/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/2025/07/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4833260916268839313/posts/default/4324500752482064546'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4833260916268839313/posts/default/4324500752482064546'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/2025/07/blog-post.html' title='تأثير الأدب في بناء الوعي السياسي والاجتماعي '/><author><name>Admin </name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15763739130616251359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPWAk3e6CVhLbaBpb10PCEd6meSj_zEAs43BTxJ6wm5VBX0nVVOLxB7mzGovWEZJOQ8x3m8MRFq0p4vcZgH_ucljbT1H5FnJzpSYmAKwcDWAR1-UeLPtyV9poD5dnsONCfz-YJGf-Bdkgt4PktNZ3CXW6hafFy183sVnoEzYps7RRe8SU/s220/%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBqKO0OXrXn-g9Nbhw0-Q48T6Ms8xpSAQeoJNgAwQ6V-np7hcqBNRvcP46Ql6ZLkTQQJsrawphc2SG1v3e08RGcoFx8Uw2qTZP_jKYS5PWvU5Zx6ml-VSO5GNVTLt0TJsuMda-efUnD4bQS2YvueRCedwaf0ki2rqHmeqy_xyFXj3BaoKIG1avl7rdO_PH/s72-c/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4833260916268839313.post-2750562131471732231</id><published>2025-06-20T15:34:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2025-06-20T15:34:31.276+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="اختراعات غيرت العالم"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="قصص ملهمة"/><title type='text'>قصة المحراث: النصل الذي حفر مجرى الحضارة</title><content type='html'>
&lt;div style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;img src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4S5nvPoKufYWfJ9kr1EZN-wzpsJOWlXb4UUBMJv7oNOO1wYVveUrEn8WZAYXniuUdogUHzXgXaWyo_EJF4YsMhud_tCcf4vWqS5U1ZTbjgM3npalR0WxMKlLIyCU5aYjuyqScDT4hJTm-O4oJT8AF7ieJHafHYLqbQh414vhOXP1pg3xhO-zlGoou1Ejv/s1920/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1.jpg&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;


&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h1&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;قصة المحراث: النصل الذي حفر مجرى الحضارة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;مقدمة: النصل الذي حفر مجرى الحضارة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;في قلب السردية العظيمة للتقدم البشري، لا تكمن قصة اختراع عظيم كالعجلة أو اكتشاف مهيب كالنار فحسب، بل تقبع أداة أكثر تواضعًا في مظهرها، لكنها أعمق أثرًا في جوهرها: &lt;b&gt;المحراث&lt;/b&gt;. إنها ليست مجرد قطعة من الخشب أو المعدن تُشق بها الأرض، بل هي النصل الذي حفر مجرى الحضارة، والرافعة التي رفعت البشرية من حياة الترحال والصراع اليومي من أجل البقاء إلى فجر الاستقرار وبناء الإمبراطوريات. لقد كانت الزراعة على الدوام العمود الفقري للحضارة الإنسانية، فهي التي قدمت الغذاء وأتاحت سبل التطور والنمو عبر التاريخ، وفي قلب هذا التطور الزراعي، يقف &lt;b&gt;المحراث&lt;/b&gt; كبطل صامت.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-22 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-22 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-22&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-22&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-22 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-22 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;إن قصة &lt;b&gt;اختراع المحراث&lt;/b&gt; هي قصة الابتكار البشري في أنقى صوره. إنها رحلة ملحمية تمتد لآلاف السنين، بدأت بغصن شجرة بسيط استخدمه &lt;b&gt;المزارع القديم&lt;/b&gt; لخدش التربة، وانتهت بآلات ذكية فائقة الدقة توجهها الأقمار الصناعية لترسم خطوطًا مثالية في حقول تمتد إلى الأفق.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا المقال ليس مجرد سرد لتاريخ &lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-24 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-24 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-24&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-24&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-24 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-24 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;الأدوات الزراعية&lt;/b&gt;، بل هو غوص في أعماق &lt;b&gt;تاريخ الزراعة&lt;/b&gt; نفسه، لنكتشف كيف أن هذا الاختراع البسيط لم يغير فقط طرق &lt;b&gt;الفلاحة التقليدية&lt;/b&gt;، بل أعاد تشكيل علاقة الإنسان بالأرض، وأطلق شرارة &lt;b&gt;الثورة الزراعية&lt;/b&gt; التي أنارت الطريق لكل ما تلاها من إنجازات.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;الفصل الأول: عالم ما قبل المحراث.. جذور الزراعة الأولى&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;قبل أن يشق المحراث الأول خطوطه في تربة التاريخ، كان العالم مكانًا مختلفًا تمامًا. كانت البشرية تعيش في جماعات صغيرة متنقلة، تعتمد في بقائها على ما تجود به الطبيعة من ثمار وما يقع في شباكها من طرائد. كانت حياة الصيد والجمع حياة ترحال دائم، حيث كان الشغل الشاغل هو البحث عن الغذاء.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; ومع أن الإنسان بدأ في جمع الحبوب البرية وتناولها منذ ما لا يقل عن 105,000 عام، إلا أن فكرة زراعتها عمدًا لم تتبلور إلا بعد ذلك بآلاف السنين، في قفزة معرفية هائلة تُعرف بالثورة النيوليتية أو &lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-25 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-25 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-25&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-25&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-25 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;الثورة الزراعية&lt;/b&gt; الأولى.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-26 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-26 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-26&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-26&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-26 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-26 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;بدأت أولى خطوات &lt;b&gt;الزراعة القديمة&lt;/b&gt; بشكل بطيء وتدريجي حوالي 9000 قبل الميلاد.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; ربما لاحظ الإنسان البدائي أن البذور التي تسقط على الأرض تنبت من جديد، فبدأ بجمع أكثرها فائدة وغرسها بنفسه. كانت هذه البدايات متواضعة، واعتمدت بالكامل على القوة العضلية البشرية وأدوات بدائية. كانت &lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-27 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-27 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-27&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-27&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-27 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;أدوات ما قبل التاريخ&lt;/b&gt; المستخدمة في &lt;b&gt;الزراعة اليدوية&lt;/b&gt; امتدادًا مباشرًا ليد الفلاح: عصي الحفر المدببة، والمعاول الحجرية البسيطة، والفؤوس المصنوعة من الصوان لقطع الأشجار وتطهير الأرض، والمناجل الحجرية لجني الحبوب.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; كانت كل ضربة فأس وكل حفرة معول تتطلب جهدًا بشريًا مباشرًا، مما جعل العملية شاقة للغاية ومحدودة النطاق.&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-28 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-28 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[4,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-28&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-28&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-28 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-28 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-28 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-28 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;هذه القيود فرضت ما يمكن تسميته بـ &quot;عنق الزجاجة الطاقوي&quot;. كان &lt;b&gt;الإنتاج الزراعي&lt;/b&gt; مرتبطًا بشكل مباشر بكمية الطاقة البشرية المتاحة. لزراعة المزيد من الطعام، كان لا بد من استصلاح المزيد من الأراضي، وهو ما يتطلب المزيد من العمال، الذين بدورهم يحتاجون إلى المزيد من الطعام. هذه الحلقة المفرغة ذات السقف المنخفض أبقت المجتمعات صغيرة، تعيش على الكفاف. لم تكن هناك وسيلة لمضاعفة القوة، مما حد من حجم الحقول المزروعة، وبالتالي حجم السكان والاستقرار. ولهذا السبب، كانت &lt;b&gt;الفلاحة التقليدية&lt;/b&gt; في تلك الحقبة تعتمد على نظام الزراعة المتنقلة؛ حيث يزرع الناس قطعة أرض حتى تستنفد خصوبتها، ثم ينتقلون إلى منطقة جديدة، تاركين الأرض القديمة لتستريح لسنوات طويلة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-29 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-29 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-29&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-29&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-29 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;إن الفجوة الزمنية الهائلة بين &quot;جمع&quot; الحبوب و&quot;زراعتها&quot; تكشف أن &lt;b&gt;التحول الزراعي&lt;/b&gt; لم يكن مجرد ابتكار تقني، بل كان ثورة فكرية في المقام الأول. لقد تطلب الأمر آلاف السنين من الملاحظة والتجربة والتفكير التجريدي لفهم دورات حياة النبات، والربط بين البذرة والمحصول، والالتزام بالبقاء في مكان واحد لرعاية هذا المحصول. لقد كان تحولًا جذريًا في نمط الحياة البشري، من الاستغلال السلبي للطبيعة إلى الإنتاج النشط والتخطيط طويل الأمد، وهي قفزة إدراكية هائلة مهدت الطريق للاختراع الذي سيحطم كل تلك القيود.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;الفصل الثاني: فجر الاختراع.. المحراث الأول في بلاد الرافدين ومصر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;في حوالي عام 3500 قبل الميلاد، وفي الأراضي الخصبة التي احتضنت أولى &lt;b&gt;حضارات قديمة&lt;/b&gt; عظيمة، وُلد اختراع بسيط المظهر، لكنه كان سيغير مصير البشرية إلى الأبد. في سهول &lt;b&gt;بلاد الرافدين&lt;/b&gt; أو على ضفاف النيل في &lt;b&gt;الحضارة المصرية&lt;/b&gt;، ظهرت النسخة الأولى من &lt;b&gt;المحراث&lt;/b&gt;، وهي أداة بدائية تُعرف اليوم باسم &quot;الأرد&quot; (Ard) أو محراث الخدش (Scratch Plough).&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; كان هذا الاختراع هو الشرارة التي أشعلت نار &lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-30 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-30 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[3,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-30&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-30&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-30 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-30 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-30 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;تطور الزراعة&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;كان تصميم المحراث الأول بسيطًا بشكل مذهل، وغالبًا ما كان يُصنع من فرع شجرة متشعب على شكل حرف Y. كان يتم نحت الفرع السفلي ليصبح رأسًا مدببًا يخترق التربة، بينما يُستخدم الفرعان العلويان كمقبضين يوجه بهما المزارع مسار الأداة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;7&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; على عكس المحاريث الحديثة، لم يكن &quot;الأرد&quot; يقلب التربة رأسًا على عقب، بل كان يكتفي بخدش سطحها، تاركًا وراءه أثلامًا أو أخاديد ضحلة. كانت هذه &lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-31 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-31 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-31&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-31&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-31 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-31 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;تقنية الحراثة&lt;/b&gt; البسيطة كافية تمامًا للتربة الرملية الخفيفة والخصبة في مصر وغرب آسيا، والتي كانت تتجدد سنويًا بفيضانات الأنهار.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-32 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-32 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-32&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-32&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-32 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-32 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&quot;استخدم المزارعون الأوائل عصي أو معاول حفر بسيطة لحفر الأراضي الزراعية وزراعتها... كانت المحاريث المبكرة مصنوعة من مقاطع خشبية على شكل حرف Y، حيث تم نحت الفرع السفلي في رأس مدبب والفرعين العلويين في مقبضين. عندما يتم ربط المحراث بحبل وسحبه بواسطة ثور، فإن طرف المحراث يحفر ثلمًا ضيقًا ضحلًا في التراب.&quot; &lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-33 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-33 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-33&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-33&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-33 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;لكن القوة الحقيقية لهذا الاختراع لم تكن في تصميمه الخشبي، بل في &quot;الحزمة الثورية&quot; التي جاء ضمنها. ارتبط &lt;b&gt;اختراع المحراث&lt;/b&gt; ارتباطًا وثيقًا بتدجين الثيران واستخدامها كقوة جر، وهو ما شكل أول استخدام واسع النطاق للطاقة غير البشرية في &lt;b&gt;الزراعة القديمة&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; لقد كان المحراث أثقل من أن يجره إنسان لمسافات طويلة، والثيران وحدها لا تستطيع حرث الأرض. هذا التزاوج العبقري بين الأداة (المحراث) ومصدر الطاقة الجديد (الحيوان) هو ما حطم &quot;عنق الزجاجة الطاقوي&quot; الذي قيد &lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-34 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-34 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[3,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-34&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-34&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-34 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-34 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-34 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;الزراعة اليدوية&lt;/b&gt; لآلاف السنين. فجأة، أصبح بإمكان مزارع واحد أن يوجه طاقة تعادل قوة عدة رجال، مما ضاعف كفاءة العمل بشكل لا يمكن تصوره.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;[صورة 1: نموذج لمحراث مصري قديم تجره الثيران، مستوحى من النقوش الأثرية في مقبرة سننجم.]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;الأدلة الأثرية على هذا التحول وفيرة. تظهر لنا رسومات صورية من مدينة الوركاء السومرية، تعود إلى حوالي 3000 قبل الميلاد، أولى صور المحاريث في التاريخ.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; كما تُظهر نقوش المقابر المصرية، مثل تلك التي تعود إلى حوالي 970 قبل الميلاد، تصميمًا مشابهًا لم يتغير كثيرًا على مدى ألفي عام.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-35 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-35 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[3,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-35&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-35&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-35 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-35 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-35 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;ولم يتوقف الابتكار عند هذا الحد. ففي &lt;b&gt;بلاد الرافدين&lt;/b&gt;، أخذ السومريون المفهوم خطوة أبعد، حيث طوروا ما يمكن اعتباره أول آلة زراعية دقيقة في التاريخ: &lt;b&gt;المحراث&lt;/b&gt; الباذر. كان هذا المحراث يحتوي على قمع يُثبت فوق جسم المحراث، يمتد منه أنبوب إلى أسفل لينثر البذور مباشرة في الثلم الذي يتم حفره.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;14&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا الابتكار المذهل يعيد تعريف الغرض الأصلي للمحراث. فربما لم يكن الهدف الأولي هو مجرد &quot;الحرث&quot; العشوائي، بل كان تحقيق عملية زراعية أكثر دقة: وضع البذور في عمق مناسب ومحمٍ بعيدًا عن الطيور والشمس، لضمان أفضل فرصة للإنبات.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; لقد كان تحولًا من استخدام القوة الغاشمة إلى تطبيق الدقة الزراعية، وهي قفزة هائلة في الكفاءة قللت من هدر البذور وزادت من موثوقية المحصول.&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-36 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-36 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[5,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-36&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-36&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-36 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-36 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-36 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-36 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-36 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;الفصل الثالث: بذور الحضارة.. الأثر الاجتماعي والاقتصادي للمحراث&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;لم يكن &lt;b&gt;اختراع المحراث&lt;/b&gt; مجرد تحسين في &lt;b&gt;تقنيات الحرث&lt;/b&gt;، بل كان بمثابة الزلزال الذي هز أسس المجتمع البشري وأعاد بناءها من جديد. إن &lt;b&gt;أثر المحراث على الزراعة&lt;/b&gt; كان فوريًا وعميقًا، حيث أطلق سلسلة من التغيرات المترابطة التي أدت في النهاية إلى ولادة الحضارة كما نعرفها.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;كانت النتيجة المباشرة لاستخدام المحراث هي حدوث طفرة هائلة في &lt;b&gt;الإنتاج الزراعي&lt;/b&gt;. فبفضل قوة الحيوانات، أصبح بإمكان المزارعين زراعة مساحات شاسعة من الأراضي بكفاءة لم تكن ممكنة من قبل.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذه الزيادة في الإنتاج أدت إلى ظهور مفهوم جديد تمامًا في تاريخ البشرية: الفائض الغذائي (Food Surplus). لأول مرة، أصبح بإمكان مجتمع ما أن ينتج طعامًا أكثر من حاجته الاستهلاكية الفورية، وأن يخزنه بشكل موثوق.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;19&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-37 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-37 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[5,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-37&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-37&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-37 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-37 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-37 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-37 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-37 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;هذا الفائض الغذائي كان المحرك الذي غيّر كل شيء. أولاً، دعم نموًا سكانيًا كبيرًا ومستدامًا، فالطعام الوفير يعني القدرة على إعالة المزيد من الأفراد.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;19&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; ثانيًا، سمح بالاستقرار الدائم؛ فلم يعد الناس بحاجة إلى التنقل بحثًا عن الطعام، فنمت القرى الصغيرة وتطورت لتصبح أولى المدن في التاريخ، خاصة في &lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-38 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-38 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-38&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-38&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-38 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-38 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;بلاد الرافدين&lt;/b&gt; ومصر.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-39 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-39 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-39&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-39&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-39 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-39 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&quot;استطاعت دويلات مدن العراق القديم وإمبراطورياته العظيمة النهوض بفضل الزراعة ووفرة الحبوب. إذ صار من الممكن دعمُ سكان المدن بعددهم الكبير وتقسيم العمل إلى اختصاصات محددة، بواسطة الانتقال من زراعة الكفاف إلى نظام زراعي مؤسَّس وفّر فائضًا كافيًا لإطعام مجتمع كبير من غير المزارعين. وبهذا وضعت الزراعةُ أُسس الحضارة.&quot; &lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-40 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-40 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-40&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-40&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-40 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;ربما كان الأثر الاجتماعي الأعمق للفائض الغذائي هو أنه حرر جزءًا كبيرًا من السكان من ضرورة العمل في الحقول. لم يعد الجميع مضطرًا لأن يكون مزارعًا. هذا التحرر أدى إلى &quot;تقسيم العمل&quot; وظهور التخصص المهني. أصبح هناك حرفيون يصنعون الفخار والأدوات، وكهنة يديرون الطقوس الدينية، وجنود يدافعون عن المدينة، وبناة يشيدون المعابد والأسوار، وحكام ينظمون شؤون المجتمع.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;20&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-41 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-41 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[3,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-41&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-41&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-41 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-41 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-41 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;ولكن هذا المحرك كان ذا وجهين. فمن ناحية، كان الفائض الغذائي &quot;محررًا&quot; فتح الباب أمام الفن والعلوم والكتابة والحكومة المنظمة. ومن ناحية أخرى، كان هو &quot;المُقسِّم&quot; الأول للمجتمع. فمع ظهور التخصص، والسيطرة على الموارد الحيوية كالأرض والماء والغذاء، نشأ لأول مرة تسلسل هرمي اجتماعي واضح. ظهرت طبقة حاكمة من الكهنة والملوك تسيطر على تخزين وتوزيع الفائض (غالبًا عن طريق الضرائب)، وطبقات أخرى من العمال والحرفيين والفلاحين.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;23&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; لقد أسس الفائض الغذائي لأول أشكال عدم المساواة الاجتماعية المنظمة.&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-42 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-42 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[3,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-42&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-42&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-42 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-42 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-42 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;بالإضافة إلى ذلك، غيّر &lt;b&gt;المحراث&lt;/b&gt; مفهوم الأرض نفسها. لم تعد الأرض مجرد &quot;مكان&quot; مؤقت للزراعة، بل تحولت إلى &quot;رأس مال&quot;؛ أصل ثمين يمكن استثماره بالعمل والبذور لتحقيق عائد مستمر وهو المحصول. هذا التحول المفاهيمي هو أساس الاقتصاد الزراعي، وقد أدى مباشرة إلى ظهور مفاهيم الملكية الخاصة للأرض، وقوانين الميراث، والنزاعات والحروب من أجل السيطرة على الأراضي الأكثر خصوبة، والتي كان لا بد من تحديدها وتحصينها.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;26&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-43 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-43 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-43&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-43&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-43 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-43 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;جدول 1: مقارنة بين الزراعة اليدوية والزراعة المعتمدة على المحراث البدائي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;السمة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;الزراعة اليدوية (ما قبل المحراث)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;الزراعة بالمحراث البدائي (الأرد)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;مصدر الطاقة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;القوة العضلية البشرية فقط.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-44 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-44 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-44&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-44&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-44 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;القوة الحيوانية (الثيران) موجهة بقوة بشرية.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-45 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-45 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-45&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-45&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-45 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;الأدوات الرئيسية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;عصي الحفر، المعاول الحجرية، الفؤوس.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;7&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-46 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-46 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-46&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-46&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-46 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-46 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;المحراث الخشبي (الأرد).&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-47 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-47 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-47&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-47&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-47 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;كفاءة العمل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;منخفضة جدًا، تتطلب جهدًا كبيرًا ومستمرًا.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;28&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-48 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-48 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-48&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-48&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-48 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;عالية نسبيًا، مزارع واحد ينجز عمل عدة أشخاص.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;29&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-49 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-49 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-49&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-49&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-49 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;حجم الإنتاج&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;إنتاج كفاف، بالكاد يكفي لإطعام الأسرة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-50 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-50 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-50&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-50&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-50 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;إنتاج فائض غذائي لأول مرة في التاريخ.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;20&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-51 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-51 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-51&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-51&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-51 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;حجم الأراضي&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;قطع أراضٍ صغيرة ومحدودة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;30&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-52 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-52 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-52&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-52&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-52 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;حقول أوسع وأكبر حجمًا.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;31&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-53 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-53 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-53&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-53&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-53 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;نمط الاستيطان&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;شبه رحل، تنقل مستمر بعد استنفاد التربة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-54 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-54 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-54&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-54&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-54 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;استقرار دائم، نشوء القرى ثم المدن.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-55 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-55 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-55&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-55&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-55 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;البنية الاجتماعية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;مجتمعات قبلية صغيرة ومتساوية نسبيًا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;مجتمعات أكبر حجمًا، ظهور تقسيم العمل والطبقات الاجتماعية.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;23&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-56 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-56 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-56&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-56&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-56 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;وهكذا، فإن تلك الأداة البسيطة لم تحرث الأرض فحسب، بل حرثت أيضًا بنية المجتمع، وزرعت بذور الحضارة التي لا نزال نحصد ثمارها حتى اليوم.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;الفصل الرابع: ثورة الحديد.. المحراث الثقيل وتغير وجه أوروبا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;لم تتوقف رحلة &lt;b&gt;تطور الزراعة&lt;/b&gt; عند المحراث الخشبي البسيط. فمع بزوغ فجر العصر الحديدي، بدأت المعادن تدخل في صناعة &lt;b&gt;الأدوات الزراعية&lt;/b&gt;، مما منحها قوة ومتانة لم تكن ممكنة من قبل.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; لكن القفزة النوعية التالية في قصة المحراث لم تحدث في الشرق الأوسط، بل في القارة الأوروبية خلال &lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-57 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-57 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-57&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-57&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-57 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-57 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;الزراعة في العصور الوسطى&lt;/b&gt;، حيث أدى ابتكار جديد إلى إطلاق &lt;b&gt;ثورة زراعية&lt;/b&gt; ثانية غيرت وجه القارة. هذا الابتكار كان &lt;b&gt;المحراث الحديدي&lt;/b&gt; الثقيل ذو اللوح القالِب (Mouldboard Plough).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;كان محراث &quot;الأرد&quot; القديم فعالاً في التربة الرملية الخفيفة في حوض البحر المتوسط، لكنه كان شبه عديم الفائدة في التربة الطينية الثقيلة والرطبة التي تغطي مساحات شاسعة من شمال أوروبا.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; كانت هذه الأراضي خصبة للغاية، لكنها كانت عصية على الاختراق والزراعة. جاء المحراث الثقيل ليحل هذه المعضلة. تميز هذا المحراث بتصميم مركب ومتطور يتكون من ثلاثة أجزاء رئيسية تعمل معًا:&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-58 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-58 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-58&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-58&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-58 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-58 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;سِكَّة (Coulter):&lt;/b&gt; نصل حديدي رأسي يشق التربة عموديًا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;شفرة (Share):&lt;/b&gt; نصل حديدي أفقي يقطع شريحة التربة من الأسفل.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;لوح قالِب (Mouldboard):&lt;/b&gt; لوح خشبي أو حديدي مقوس يقع خلف الشفرة، يقوم برفع شريحة التربة المقطوعة وقلبها رأسًا على عقب في الثلم المجاور.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-59 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-59 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[3,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-59&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-59&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-59 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-59 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-59 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;كان &lt;b&gt;أثر المحراث&lt;/b&gt; الجديد ثوريًا. فعملية قلب التربة أدت إلى &lt;b&gt;تحسين التربة&lt;/b&gt; بشكل جذري؛ حيث تم دفن الأعشاب الضارة وبقايا المحاصيل في العمق لتتحلل وتتحول إلى مادة عضوية، وتحسنت تهوية التربة بشكل كبير، وزادت قدرتها على تصريف المياه الزائدة، مما منع تعفن الجذور في المناخ الأوروبي الرطب.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; فجأة، تحولت الأراضي الطينية &quot;الصعبة&quot; في شمال أوروبا إلى أكثر الأراضي الزراعية إنتاجية في العالم، مما أطلق العنان لطفرة هائلة في &lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-60 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-60 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-60&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-60&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-60 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-60 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;الإنتاج الزراعي&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;يقول المؤرخ لين وايت جونيور (Lynn White, Jr.) إن المحراث الثقيل &quot;فتح وديان الأنهار الغنية، وحوّل الأراضي المستصلحة من الغابات والبحر إلى حقول خصبة، وباختصار، فعل العجائب حيثما قاومت التربة الطينية الثقيلة محراث الخدش الخشبي الروماني القديم.&quot; &lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-61 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-61 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-61&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-61&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-61 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-61 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;هذا النجاح لم يكن مجرد نجاح تقني، بل كان ثورة جغرافية-تقنية. إنه يوضح كيف أن قوة التكنولوجيا لا تكمن في ذاتها، بل في قدرتها على التوافق مع بيئة معينة وحل مشكلاتها. المحراث الثقيل لم يكن ليكون بنفس الأهمية في صحاري مصر، تمامًا كما كان محراث الخدش محدود الفائدة في غابات ألمانيا. هذا التوافق المثالي بين التكنولوجيا والبيئة أدى إلى ما يسميه المؤرخون &quot;التباعد الصغير&quot; (Little Divergence)، حيث بدأ مركز الثقل الاقتصادي والسكاني في أوروبا بالانتقال من الجنوب المتوسطي إلى الشمال، في المناطق التي أتاح المحراث الثقيل استغلالها.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;32&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-62 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-62 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[3,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-62&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-62&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-62 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-62 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-62 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;[صورة 2: رسم من مخطوطة أوروبية من العصور الوسطى يصور فلاحين يستخدمون المحراث الثقيل ذا العجلات الذي تجره الثيران لحرث حقل.]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;كما كان لهذه التكنولوجيا الجديدة أثر عميق في إعادة هندسة المجتمع. كان &lt;b&gt;المحراث الحديدي&lt;/b&gt; الثقيل أداة ضخمة ومكلفة، ويتطلب قوة جر هائلة تصل أحيانًا إلى ثمانية ثيران، وهو ما يفوق بكثير قدرة أسرة فلاحية واحدة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذا الواقع فرض نمطًا جديدًا من العمل الزراعي. اضطر فلاحو القرى إلى التعاون، وجمع ثيرانهم معًا لحرث الحقول بشكل جماعي. هذا النظام التعاوني المنظم شكل أحد أسس النظام الإقطاعي أو المانوري الذي ساد في &lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-63 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-63 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-63&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-63&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-63 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-63 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;الزراعة في العصور الوسطى&lt;/b&gt;. حتى شكل الحقول تغير ليتناسب مع الأداة الجديدة؛ حيث أصبحت الحقول طويلة وضيقة لتجنب صعوبة الدوران بالمحراث الثقيل في نهاية كل ثلم. وهكذا، لم يغير المحراث المحصول فحسب، بل أعاد رسم شكل الحقول وهيكلة حياة الناس اليومية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;الفصل الخامس: محرك التقدم.. من الثورة الصناعية إلى الحقول الحديثة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;مع بزوغ شمس القرن الثامن عشر، كانت أوروبا على موعد مع تحولين عظيمين سيغيران العالم: &lt;b&gt;الثورة الزراعية&lt;/b&gt; البريطانية، وتلتها مباشرة الثورة الصناعية. لم يكن هذان التحولان منفصلين، بل كانا وجهين لعملة واحدة، وكان &lt;b&gt;المحراث&lt;/b&gt; يلعب دورًا محوريًا في هذه العلاقة الديناميكية.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;بدأت القصة بتحسينات مستمرة في &lt;b&gt;تقنية الحراثة&lt;/b&gt;. ففي بريطانيا، ظهرت تصميمات جديدة أكثر كفاءة، مثل محراث روثرهام الذي صممه جوزيف فولجامب عام 1730، والذي كان أخف وزنًا وأكثر فعالية بفضل استخدام الحديد في أجزائه الرئيسية.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;36&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; ثم جاءت ابتكارات المهندس الإنجليزي روبرت رانسوم الذي اخترع شفرات الحراثة المصنوعة من حديد الزهر عام 1785، والتي كانت أكثر صلابة ومتانة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;37&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; هذه التحسينات، إلى جانب ممارسات زراعية جديدة مثل الدورة الزراعية الرباعية، شكلت جوهر الثورة الزراعية البريطانية التي زادت من &lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-64 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-64 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-64&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-64&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-64 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-64 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;الإنتاج الزراعي&lt;/b&gt; بشكل غير مسبوق.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-65 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-65 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-65&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-65&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-65 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;هذه الزيادة في إنتاج الغذاء كانت الشرارة التي أشعلت محرك الثورة الصناعية. فقد وفرت الطعام اللازم لإعالة سكان المدن المتزايدين، وحررت أعدادًا كبيرة من العمالة الريفية التي هاجرت إلى المراكز الصناعية الجديدة للعمل في المصانع.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; وهنا، بدأت حلقة تغذية راجعة مذهلة بين الزراعة والصناعة. فبينما كانت الزراعة تغذي الصناعة بالعمال والطعام، كانت الصناعة ترد الجميل بتزويد الزراعة بأدوات وقوة جديدة.&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-66 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-66 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-66&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-66&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-66 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-66 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;أتاحت تقنيات صناعة الحديد والفولاذ الجديدة، التي كانت من أبرز منجزات الثورة الصناعية، إنتاج محاريث حديدية بالكامل وبكميات تجارية ضخمة. برز اسم الصانع الأمريكي جون دير، الذي بدأ في عام 1839 بإنتاج محاريث فولاذية مصقولة لا تلتصق بها التربة اللزجة في السهول الأمريكية، مما فتح الباب أمام زراعة مساحات شاسعة لم تكن مستغلة من قبل.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;37&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-67 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-67 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-67&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-67&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-67 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;ثم جاءت القفزة الأكبر مع تسخير قوة البخار. بحلول ستينيات القرن التاسع عشر، كانت الجرارات البخارية الضخمة تجوب الحقول في أوروبا وأمريكا، تجر خلفها محاريث متعددة الشفرات، وتقوم بعمل عشرات الثيران في جزء صغير من الوقت.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;37&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt; كانت هذه الآلات تمثل القوة الصناعية في أوجها، لكنها كانت بطيئة وغير عملية في بعض الأحيان.&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-68 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-68 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-68&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-68&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-68 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-68 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;[صورة 3: صورة فوتوغرافية تاريخية لجرار بخاري ضخم يجر محراثاً متعدد الشفرات، مما يظهر القفزة الهائلة في القوة والكفاءة خلال الثورة الصناعية.]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;كانت الضربة القاضية التي أنهت عصر الجر الحيواني هي اختراع محرك الاحتراق الداخلي. مع ظهور الجرار الحديث الذي يعمل بالوقود في أوائل القرن العشرين، تغيرت الزراعة إلى الأبد. أصبح الجرار هو مصدر القوة الرئيسي في المزارع حول العالم، وحل محل الخيول والثيران بشكل شبه كامل، مما أدى إلى زيادة هائلة في الكفاءة والإنتاجية.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-69 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-69 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-69&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-69&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-69 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;هذه العلاقة المتبادلة تظهر أن &lt;b&gt;التحول الزراعي&lt;/b&gt; الحديث لم يكن مجرد نتيجة للابتكار في الحقل، بل كان نتاج تكامل بين عبقرية المزارع وقوة المصنع. الزراعة المحسنة مهدت الطريق للصناعة، والصناعة بدورها أعطت الزراعة الأدوات اللازمة للوصول إلى آفاق جديدة من الإنتاجية، في دورة مستمرة من التقدم لا تزال قائمة حتى يومنا هذا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;الفصل السادس: نصل ذو حدين.. التأثير البيئي لتقنيات الحرث&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;على الرغم من الدور الحاسم الذي لعبه &lt;b&gt;المحراث&lt;/b&gt; في &lt;b&gt;تطور الزراعة&lt;/b&gt; وزيادة &lt;b&gt;الإنتاج الزراعي&lt;/b&gt; على مر آلاف السنين، إلا أن قصته تحمل جانبًا آخر أقل إشراقًا. فمع مرور الوقت وتكثيف استخدام &lt;b&gt;تقنيات الحرث&lt;/b&gt;، بدأت تظهر الآثار البيئية السلبية لهذه العملية، ليكشف المحراث عن وجهه كنصل ذي حدين: أحدهما يبني الحضارة، والآخر يستنزف المورد الذي قامت عليه وهو التربة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;لا شك أن لعملية الحرث فوائد مباشرة ومهمة لـ &lt;b&gt;تحسين التربة&lt;/b&gt; على المدى القصير. فالحرث يعمل على:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;تفكيك التربة:&lt;/b&gt; يكسر الطبقات المتراصة والمتصلبة، مما يسهل على جذور النباتات التعمق والانتشار بحثًا عن الماء والمغذيات.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;41&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-70 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-70 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-70&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-70&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-70 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-70 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;تحسين التهوية:&lt;/b&gt; يسمح بدخول الهواء إلى التربة، وهو أمر ضروري لتنفس الجذور ونشاط الكائنات الحية الدقيقة المفيدة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;42&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-71 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-71 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-71&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-71&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-71 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-71 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;زيادة نفاذية المياه:&lt;/b&gt; يساعد التربة على امتصاص مياه الأمطار والري بشكل أفضل، ويقلل من الجريان السطحي.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;42&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-72 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-72 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-72&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-72&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-72 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-72 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;مكافحة الحشائش والآفات:&lt;/b&gt; يقوم المحراث القلاب بدفن بذور الحشائش وبقايا المحاصيل في أعماق التربة، مما يمنع نموها ويعرض الآفات والحشرات المختبئة للشمس والطيور.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;41&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-73 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-73 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-73&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-73&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-73 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-73 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;خلط الأسمدة:&lt;/b&gt; يساعد على دمج الأسمدة العضوية والكيميائية بشكل متجانس في التربة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;41&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-74 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-74 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-74&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-74&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-74 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;لكن هذه الفوائد تأتي بتكلفة بيئية باهظة على المدى الطويل. فالعمليات ذاتها التي جعلت المحراث أداة ثورية، هي نفسها التي تسبب أكبر الأضرار:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;تآكل التربة:&lt;/b&gt; تعتبر هذه المشكلة الأخطر. فالحرث التقليدي، وخاصة باستخدام المحراث القلاب، يترك سطح التربة عاريًا ومفككًا، مما يجعله عرضة للانجراف الشديد بفعل الرياح والمياه. ومع كل موسم، تُفقد طبقات ثمينة من التربة السطحية الغنية بالمواد العضوية.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-75 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-75 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[3,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-75&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-75&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-75 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-75 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-75 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;فقدان المادة العضوية:&lt;/b&gt; إن قلب التربة وتعريضها للهواء يسرّع بشكل كبير من عملية أكسدة وتحلل المادة العضوية (الكربون العضوي). هذا يؤدي إلى استنزاف خصوبة التربة الطبيعية مع مرور الزمن، ويقلل من قدرتها على التماسك والاحتفاظ بالرطوبة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-76 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-76 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-76&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-76&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-76 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-76 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;انضغاط التربة (الطبقة الصماء):&lt;/b&gt; الاستخدام المتكرر للمحاريث الثقيلة على نفس العمق عامًا بعد عام يمكن أن يخلق طبقة سفلية شديدة الانضغاط تُعرف بـ &quot;الطبقة الصماء&quot; (Hardpan). هذه الطبقة تعيق نمو الجذور وتمنع تصريف المياه، مما يؤدي إلى مشاكل في نمو النباتات وتراكم الأملاح.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;42&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-77 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-77 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[3,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-77&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-77&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-77 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-77 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-77 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;الإضرار بالحياة في التربة:&lt;/b&gt; يمثل الحرث اضطرابًا عنيفًا للنظام البيئي الدقيق الموجود في التربة، حيث يقتل أو يعطل شبكات الفطريات والبكتيريا وديدان الأرض التي تلعب دورًا حيويًا في صحة التربة وخصوبتها.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-78 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-78 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-78&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-78&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-78 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-78 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;هنا تكمن مفارقة المحراث الكبرى: لقد كانت البشرية، لآلاف السنين، تقايض صحة التربة واستدامتها على المدى الطويل بزيادة إنتاجية المحاصيل على المدى القصير. كان كل حرث بمثابة اقتراض من رصيد خصوبة الأرض الطبيعي. هذا الصراع بين الإنتاجية والاستدامة هو الذي يشكل اليوم أكبر تحدٍ للزراعة الحديثة، وهو الذي يدفع الابتكار نحو إيجاد طرق جديدة للحصول على فوائد الحرث دون تكبد أضراره.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;الفصل السابع: أثر في المستقبل.. المحاريث الذكية والزراعة المستدامة&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;في مواجهة التحديات البيئية المتزايدة والحاجة الملحة لإطعام عدد سكان عالمي متنامٍ، تدخل قصة &lt;b&gt;المحراث&lt;/b&gt; فصلاً جديدًا ومثيرًا. لم يعد &lt;b&gt;تطور الزراعة&lt;/b&gt; يركز فقط على زيادة القوة والسرعة، بل تحول التركيز نحو الدقة والكفاءة والاستدامة. إن &lt;b&gt;تقنيات الحرث&lt;/b&gt; الحديثة هي نتاج هذا التحول، حيث تسعى إلى تحقيق التوازن الصعب بين الإنتاجية العالية والحفاظ على صحة الكوكب.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;لم يعد هناك &quot;محراث&quot; واحد يناسب الجميع. فاليوم، يمتلك المزارعون ترسانة من &lt;b&gt;الأدوات الزراعية&lt;/b&gt; المتخصصة، كل منها مصمم لهدف معين ونوع تربة محدد. من بين هذه الأدوات:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;المحراث القلاب (Moldboard Plow):&lt;/b&gt; لا يزال يستخدم لقلب التربة بالكامل ودفن بقايا المحاصيل، خاصة في الأراضي الجديدة أو الموبوءة بالأعشاب.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-79 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-79 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-79&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-79&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-79 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-79 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;المحراث الحفار (Chisel Plow):&lt;/b&gt; يقوم بتفكيك التربة بعمق دون قلبها، مما يترك معظم بقايا المحاصيل على السطح للمساعدة في مكافحة التآكل.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-80 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-80 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-80&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-80&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-80 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-80 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;المحراث القرصي (Disc Plow):&lt;/b&gt; يستخدم أقراصًا فولاذية مقعرة لقطع التربة، وهو فعال بشكل خاص في الأراضي الصلبة أو اللزجة أو التي تحتوي على جذور كثيفة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-81 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-81 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-81&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-81&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-81 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-81 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;المحراث الدوار (Rotary Tiller):&lt;/b&gt; يستخدم شفرات دوارة لتفتيت التربة وتنعيمها، وهو مثالي لتحضير مهد البذور في البساتين والحقول الصغيرة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-82 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-82 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-82&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-82&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-82 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-82 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;لكن الابتكار الأكبر يكمن في كيفية استخدام هذه الأدوات. لقد دخلت الزراعة عصر &quot;الزراعة الدقيقة&quot; (Precision Agriculture)، التي تحول عملية الحرث من عمل يعتمد على القوة الغاشمة إلى عملية تشبه الجراحة الدقيقة. باستخدام تقنيات مثل نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي (GPS) وأجهزة الاستشعار المتقدمة، يمكن للجرارات الحديثة أن توجه المحاريث بدقة تصل إلى سنتيمترات. هذا يسمح بتجنب تداخل الحرث، وتوفير الوقود، وتقليل انضغاط التربة، وتطبيق &lt;b&gt;تقنيات الحرث&lt;/b&gt; المختلفة على أجزاء مختلفة من الحقل نفسه بناءً على خرائط التربة الرقمية.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-83 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-83 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-83&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-83&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-83 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;ربما يكون الاتجاه الأكثر ثورية في مستقبل المحراث هو السعي للتخلص منه قدر الإمكان. إدراكًا للأضرار البيئية الناجمة عن الحرث التقليدي، يتجه المزيد من المزارعين حول العالم نحو أنظمة &quot;الزراعة الحافظة&quot; (Conservation Tillage) أو &quot;الزراعة بدون حرث&quot; (No-Till). تعتمد هذه الأنظمة على ترك بقايا المحصول السابق على سطح التربة كغطاء واقٍ، واستخدام باذرات متخصصة يمكنها قطع هذا الغطاء وزرع البذور مباشرة في التربة غير المحروثة.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;40&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-84 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-84 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[3,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-84&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-84&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-84 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-84 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-84 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;يمثل هذا النهج تحولًا نموذجيًا كاملاً. فبعد آلاف السنين من الاعتقاد بأن &lt;b&gt;تحسين التربة&lt;/b&gt; يتطلب تدمير بنيتها الطبيعية وإعادة بنائها كل عام، أصبح الهدف الآن هو الحفاظ على هذه البنية وتعزيزها. إنه اعتراف بأن أعظم ابتكار زراعي في التاريخ قد يكون له آثار جانبية خطيرة، وأن الابتكار الحقيقي التالي يكمن في كيفية تحقيق فوائده دون الحاجة إلى عملية الحرث العنيفة نفسها. إن مستقبل المحراث قد يكون في النهاية هو &quot;اللاحرث&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;خاتمة: إرث محفور في الأرض&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;من غصن شجرة بسيط في يد &lt;b&gt;مزارع قديم&lt;/b&gt; على ضفاف الفرات، إلى آلة فولاذية عملاقة تجرها قوة البخار في سهول أمريكا، وصولًا إلى أداة ذكية موجهة بالأقمار الصناعية في حقول اليوم، كانت قصة &lt;b&gt;المحراث&lt;/b&gt; هي قصة البشرية نفسها: قصة صراع وابتكار، قصة بناء وتحدٍ.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;لقد كان المحراث هو الأداة التي حررت أسلافنا من قيود &lt;b&gt;الزراعة اليدوية&lt;/b&gt; وحياة الكفاف، وأتاحت لهم إنتاج فائض غذائي لأول مرة، وهو الفائض الذي بنى القرى والمدن، وأطعم الجيوش، وموّل بناء المعابد والأهرامات. كان النصل الذي رسم حدود الحقول، وأسس لمفاهيم الملكية والثروة، ومهد الطريق لنشوء الطبقات الاجتماعية والدول المنظمة. لقد كان بحق المحرك الصامت وراء &lt;b&gt;الثورة الزراعية&lt;/b&gt; التي شكلت عالمنا.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;ومع كل قفزة في &lt;b&gt;تطور الزراعة&lt;/b&gt;، كان المحراث يتطور معه. فمن الخشب إلى &lt;b&gt;المحراث الحديدي&lt;/b&gt; الذي فتح أراضي أوروبا الطينية، إلى المحراث الفولاذي الذي روّض الغرب الأمريكي، وصولًا إلى &lt;b&gt;الأدوات الزراعية&lt;/b&gt; الدقيقة التي تواجه اليوم تحديات الاستدامة.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;تُظهر لنا هذه الرحلة الطويلة أن المحراث ليس مجرد أداة جامدة، بل هو انعكاس لعبقرية الإنسان وقدرته على التكيف. واليوم، بينما نواجه تحديات عالمية غير مسبوقة مثل تغير المناخ والنمو السكاني، يستمر دور المحراث في التطور. إن تكامله مع الممارسات المستدامة و&lt;b&gt;تقنيات الحرث&lt;/b&gt; الذكية سيكون حاسمًا في تأمين مستقبل الزراعة والغذاء للأجيال القادمة. فالمحراث ليس مجرد أداة؛ إنه شهادة على الابتكار البشري، وعنصر أساسي في القصة المستمرة للحضارة، وإرث عظيم محفور في تراب الأرض.&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-85 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-85 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-85&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-85&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-85 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;المراجع والإحالات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-86 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-86 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-86&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-86&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-86 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://alnabtah-alkhadra.com/ar/blog/The-Fundamental-Agricultural-Tool/a-2067161690&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://alnabtah-alkhadra.com/ar/blog/The-Fundamental-Agricultural-Tool/a-2067161690&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;7&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-87 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-87 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-87&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-87&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-87 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://ar.rotarytiller-factory.com/news/the-origin-of-the-invention-of-the-disc-plough/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://ar.rotarytiller-factory.com/news/the-origin-of-the-invention-of-the-disc-plough/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-88 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-88 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-88&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-88&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-88 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://bellaredj01.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_24.html&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://bellaredj01.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_24.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-89 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-89 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-89&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-89&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-89 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://mawdoo3.com/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://mawdoo3.com/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;50&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-90 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-90 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-90&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-90&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-90 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.alanba.com.kw/ar/variety-news/entertainment/938695/04-12-2019-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2585%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A9/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.alanba.com.kw/ar/variety-news/entertainment/938695/04-12-2019-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%A9/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-91 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-91 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-91&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-91&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-91 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.minitractorcn.com/info/the-origin-of-the-invention-of-the-plow-90345057.html&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.minitractorcn.com/info/the-origin-of-the-invention-of-the-plow-90345057.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-92 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-92 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-92&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-92&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-92 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://mawdoo3.com/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%8B&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://mawdoo3.com/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%8B&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;52&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-93 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-93 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-93&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-93&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-93 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/6/22/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7/6219554&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/6/22/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7/6219554&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;53&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-94 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-94 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-94&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-94&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-94 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://mawdoo3.com/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B7&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://mawdoo3.com/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-95 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-95 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-95&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-95&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-95 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-96 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-96 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-96&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-96&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-96 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://hadaarah.com/u/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://hadaarah.com/u/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;54&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-97 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-97 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-97&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-97&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-97 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;28&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-98 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-98 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-98&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-98&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-98 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://morocco22.com/?p=1340&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://morocco22.com/?p=1340&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;55&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-99 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-99 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-99&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-99&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-99 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://misrelzraea.com/%D8%AF-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B5/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://misrelzraea.com/%D8%AF-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B5/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;30&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-100 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-100 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-100&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-100&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-100 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://mawdoo3.com/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://mawdoo3.com/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;56&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-101 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-101 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-101&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-101&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-101 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.aalaf.net/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%A7/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.aalaf.net/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%A7/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;57&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-102 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-102 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-102&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-102&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-102 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.eip.gov.eg/IDSC/StaticContent/View.aspx?ID=15&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.eip.gov.eg/IDSC/StaticContent/View.aspx?ID=15&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;58&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-103 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-103 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-103&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-103&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-103 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://journals.ekb.eg/article_31812_6f06335f603456408fca2aeae2a097bd.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://journals.ekb.eg/article_31812_6f06335f603456408fca2aeae2a097bd.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;59&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-104 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-104 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-104&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-104&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-104 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.bayut.com/mybayut/ar/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.bayut.com/mybayut/ar/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;60&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-105 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-105 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-105&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-105&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-105 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://cropsaegypt.com/deerco-a-new-look-about-startupin-product-manufacture-field/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://cropsaegypt.com/deerco-a-new-look-about-startupin-product-manufacture-field/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;61&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-106 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-106 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-106&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-106&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-106 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://tajagri.sa/blogs/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://tajagri.sa/blogs/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;62&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-107 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-107 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-107&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-107&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-107 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://mawdoo3.com/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%8B&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://mawdoo3.com/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%8B&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;63&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-108 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-108 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-108&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-108&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-108 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://sigmaearth.com/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AB%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AB%D9%81%D8%A9/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://sigmaearth.com/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AB%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AB%D9%81%D8%A9/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;64&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-109 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-109 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-109&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-109&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-109 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AB%D9%81%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AB%D9%81%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;13&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-110 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-110 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-110&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-110&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-110 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.wikiwand.com/ar/articles/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.wikiwand.com/ar/articles/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-111 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-111 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-111&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-111&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-111 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5fGIBDJ7wI&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5fGIBDJ7wI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;65&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-112 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-112 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-112&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-112&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-112 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://al-aleem.science/%D8%A3%D9%83%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-2411152&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://al-aleem.science/%D8%A3%D9%83%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-2411152&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;66&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-113 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-113 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-113&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-113&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-113 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://moodle.univ-dbkm.dz/mod/assign/view.php?id=6259&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://moodle.univ-dbkm.dz/mod/assign/view.php?id=6259&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-114 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-114 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-114&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-114&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-114 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%87&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%87&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;67&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-115 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-115 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-115&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-115&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-115 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://esseeds.com/ar/blog/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://esseeds.com/ar/blog/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-116 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-116 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-116&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-116&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-116 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://alnabtah-alkhadra.com/ar/blog/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9/a-2067161690&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://alnabtah-alkhadra.com/ar/blog/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9/a-2067161690&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;37&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-117 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-117 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-117&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-117&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-117 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.aspdkw.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.aspdkw.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;68&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-118 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-118 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-118&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-118&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-118 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.minitractorcn.com/info/plow-development-history-90345067.html&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.minitractorcn.com/info/plow-development-history-90345067.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;10&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-119 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-119 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-119&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-119&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-119 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://mustabsher.com/plow/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://mustabsher.com/plow/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;7&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-120 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-120 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-120&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-120&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-120 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://ar.rotarytiller-factory.com/news/the-origin-of-the-invention-of-the-disc-plough/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://ar.rotarytiller-factory.com/news/the-origin-of-the-invention-of-the-disc-plough/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;40&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-121 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-121 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-121&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-121&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-121 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.independentarabia.com/node/526216/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.independentarabia.com/node/526216/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;69&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-122 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-122 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-122&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-122&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-122 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://arabic.alibaba.com/g/iron-plough.html&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://arabic.alibaba.com/g/iron-plough.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;26&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-123 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-123 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-123&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-123&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-123 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://hadaarah.com/u/%D9%83%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%85%D9%83-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://hadaarah.com/u/%D9%83%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%85%D9%83-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;70&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-124 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-124 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-124&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-124&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-124 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-125 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-125 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-125&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-125&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-125 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;71&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-126 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-126 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-126&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-126&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-126 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.iloencyclopaedia.org/ar/part-x-96841/agriculture-and-natural-resources-based-industries&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.iloencyclopaedia.org/ar/part-x-96841/agriculture-and-natural-resources-based-industries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;72&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-127 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-127 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-127&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-127&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-127 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.scribd.com/document/859484613/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.scribd.com/document/859484613/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;27&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-128 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-128 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-128&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-128&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-128 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://dennyfarmlandmuseum.org.uk/the-development-of-the-plough-in-britain-stone-age-to-iron-age/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://dennyfarmlandmuseum.org.uk/the-development-of-the-plough-in-britain-stone-age-to-iron-age/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-129 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-129 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-129&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-129&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-129 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard_(plough)&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard_(plough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;73&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-130 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-130 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-130&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-130&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-130 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.bucksas.org.uk/obj3ploughshare.html&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.bucksas.org.uk/obj3ploughshare.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;74&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-131 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-131 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-131&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-131&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-131 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://brigantesnation.com/the-guide-the-ard-early-ploughing-in-english-brigantia&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://brigantesnation.com/the-guide-the-ard-early-ploughing-in-english-brigantia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;75&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-132 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-132 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-132&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-132&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-132 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.archaeologs.com/w/ard/en&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.archaeologs.com/w/ard/en&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;17&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-133 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-133 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-133&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-133&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-133 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.fergusmurraysculpture.com/other-writing/god-speed-the-plough/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.fergusmurraysculpture.com/other-writing/god-speed-the-plough/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;76&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-134 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-134 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-134&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-134&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-134 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://archeologie.culture.gouv.fr/villa/en/glossary/scratch-plough&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://archeologie.culture.gouv.fr/villa/en/glossary/scratch-plough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;36&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-135 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-135 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-135&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-135&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-135 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://rewind4044.weebly.com/history-of-the-plough.html&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://rewind4044.weebly.com/history-of-the-plough.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;77&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-136 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-136 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-136&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-136&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-136 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.wordwebonline.com/en/SCRATCHPLOUGH&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.wordwebonline.com/en/SCRATCHPLOUGH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;78&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-137 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-137 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-137&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-137&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-137 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.oed.com/dictionary/scratch-plough_v&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.oed.com/dictionary/scratch-plough_v&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;79&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-138 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-138 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-138&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-138&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-138 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scratch_plough&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scratch_plough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;80&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-139 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-139 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-139&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-139&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-139 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFq9ZyrLG7I&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFq9ZyrLG7I&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;41&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-140 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-140 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-140&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-140&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-140 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://uomosul.edu.iq/agriculture/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2023/09/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://uomosul.edu.iq/agriculture/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2023/09/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-141 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-141 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-141&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-141&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-141 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://wikifarmer.com/library/ar/article/%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%AB-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%B6-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://wikifarmer.com/library/ar/article/%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%AB-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%B6-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;81&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-142 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-142 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-142&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-142&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-142 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.lipco.com/ar/implements/plough&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.lipco.com/ar/implements/plough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-143 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-143 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-143&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-143&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-143 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://alnabtah-alkhadra.com/ar/blog/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9/a-2067161690&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://alnabtah-alkhadra.com/ar/blog/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9/a-2067161690&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;82&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-144 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-144 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-144&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-144&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-144 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Murad-Aburas/publication/378208532_athr_anzmt_alhratht_altqlydyt_w_almkhfdt_ly_bd_khsays_altrbt_alfyzyayyt_w_antajytha_bmnhdrat_alhnyt/links/65cd4f4b1bed776ae35f4e49/athr-anzmt-alhratht-altqlydyt-w-almkhfdt-ly-bd-khsays-altrbt-alfyzyayyt-w-antajytha-bmnhdrat-alhnyt.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Murad-Aburas/publication/378208532_athr_anzmt_alhratht_altqlydyt_w_almkhfdt_ly_bd_khsays_altrbt_alfyzyayyt_w_antajytha_bmnhdrat_alhnyt/links/65cd4f4b1bed776ae35f4e49/athr-anzmt-alhratht-altqlydyt-w-almkhfdt-ly-bd-khsays-altrbt-alfyzyayyt-w-antajytha-bmnhdrat-alhnyt.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;83&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-145 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-145 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-145&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-145&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-145 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://dashboard.tartous-univ.edu.sy/api/assets?src=contents/February2021/rJdABoUbRDNS0mkWis53.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://dashboard.tartous-univ.edu.sy/api/assets?src=contents/February2021/rJdABoUbRDNS0mkWis53.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;42&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-146 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-146 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-146&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-146&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-146 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://almerja.com/more.php?idm=241088&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://almerja.com/more.php?idm=241088&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;84&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-147 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-147 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-147&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-147&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-147 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://belt-guard.com/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://belt-guard.com/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;46&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-148 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-148 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-148&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-148&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-148 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVxmXLFhA_U&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVxmXLFhA_U&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;45&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-149 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-149 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-149&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-149&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-149 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://jihadbinaa.org.lb/post/14705/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://jihadbinaa.org.lb/post/14705/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;85&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-150 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-150 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-150&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-150&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-150 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://arabic.news.cn/2022-04/06/c_1310546353.htm&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://arabic.news.cn/2022-04/06/c_1310546353.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;86&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-151 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-151 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-151&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-151&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-151 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://repo.uodiyala.edu.iq/bitstream/xmlui/7379/1/THE%20EFFECT%20OF%20TILLAGE%20SYSTEMS%20ON%20SOME%20MACHINARY%20UNIT%20PERFORMANCE%20INDICATARS%20AND%20OIL%20CORN%20YIELD.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://repo.uodiyala.edu.iq/bitstream/xmlui/7379/1/THE%20EFFECT%20OF%20TILLAGE%20SYSTEMS%20ON%20SOME%20MACHINARY%20UNIT%20PERFORMANCE%20INDICATARS%20AND%20OIL%20CORN%20YIELD.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-152 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-152 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-152&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-152&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-152 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/ar/2-9/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/ar/2-9/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;10&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-153 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-153 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-153&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-153&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-153 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://mustabsher.com/plow/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://mustabsher.com/plow/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-154 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-154 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-154&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-154&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-154 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;40&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-155 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-155 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-155&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-155&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-155 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.independentarabia.com/node/526216/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.independentarabia.com/node/526216/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;38&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-156 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-156 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-156&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-156&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-156 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;14&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-157 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-157 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-157&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-157&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-157 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://iraqhistory.org/blog/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://iraqhistory.org/blog/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-158 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-158 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-158&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-158&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-158 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.cropilots.com/disc-plough/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.cropilots.com/disc-plough/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;48&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-159 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-159 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-159&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-159&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-159 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://desertstudiescenter.uoanbar.edu.iq/News_Print.php?ID=112&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://desertstudiescenter.uoanbar.edu.iq/News_Print.php?ID=112&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;43&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-160 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-160 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-160&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-160&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-160 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://almerja.com/reading.php?idm=241088&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://almerja.com/reading.php?idm=241088&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;88&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-161 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-161 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-161&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-161&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-161 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://agri-research-journal.net/sjar/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/v8n2p9.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://agri-research-journal.net/sjar/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/v8n2p9.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;89&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-162 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-162 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-162&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-162&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-162 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://agr.mu.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%87%D8%AC-_compressed.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://agr.mu.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%87%D8%AC-_compressed.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;90&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-163 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-163 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-163&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-163&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-163 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://faculty.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/publications/1650304316.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://faculty.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/publications/1650304316.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;35&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-164 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-164 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-164&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-164&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-164 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sdu.dk/-/media/files/om_sdu/institutter/ivoe/disc_papers/disc_2013/dpbe6_2013b.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.sdu.dk/-/media/files/om_sdu/institutter/ivoe/disc_papers/disc_2013/dpbe6_2013b.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-165 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-165 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-165&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-165&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-165 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ehes.org/wp/EHES_70.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ehes.org/wp/EHES_70.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-166 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-166 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-166&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-166&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-166 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plough&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;32&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-167 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-167 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-167&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-167&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-167 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencenordic.com/agriculture-agriculture--fisheries-anthropology/how-the-heavy-plough-changed-the-world/1381548&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.sciencenordic.com/agriculture-agriculture--fisheries-anthropology/how-the-heavy-plough-changed-the-world/1381548&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;34&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-168 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-168 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-168&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-168&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-168 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://journals.librarypublishing.arizona.edu/uahistjrnl/article/586/galley/573/download/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://journals.librarypublishing.arizona.edu/uahistjrnl/article/586/galley/573/download/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-169 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-169 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-169&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-169&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-169 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://archiviostorico.sdfgroup.com/en/stories/two-big-revolutions-the-birth-of-agriculture-and-the-invention-of-the-plough/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://archiviostorico.sdfgroup.com/en/stories/two-big-revolutions-the-birth-of-agriculture-and-the-invention-of-the-plough/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;92&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-170 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-170 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-170&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-170&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-170 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.cfkc.gov.sa/Documents/The_Knowledge_Economy.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.cfkc.gov.sa/Documents/The_Knowledge_Economy.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;93&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-171 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-171 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-171&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-171&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-171 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/4292dcee-b4ec-4be6-b8a4-0ff366898490/content&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/4292dcee-b4ec-4be6-b8a4-0ff366898490/content&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;70&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-172 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-172 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-172&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-172&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-172 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;40&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-173 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-173 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-173&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-173&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-173 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.independentarabia.com/node/526216/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.independentarabia.com/node/526216/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-174 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-174 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-174&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-174&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-174 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;94&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-175 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-175 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-175&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-175&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-175 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.hindawi.org/books/71741496/3/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.hindawi.org/books/71741496/3/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;22&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-176 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-176 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-176&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-176&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-176 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://alnabtah-alkhadra.com/ar/blog/The-Fundamental-Agricultural-Tool/a-2067161690#:~:text=%D9%85%D8%B9%20%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%8C%20%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AB,%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85%20%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%20%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%20%D9%85%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://alnabtah-alkhadra.com/ar/blog/The-Fundamental-Agricultural-Tool/a-2067161690#:~:text=%D9%85%D8%B9%20%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%8C%20%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AB,%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85%20%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%20%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%20%D9%85%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-177 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-177 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-177&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-177&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-177 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://alnabtah-alkhadra.com/ar/blog/The-Fundamental-Agricultural-Tool/a-2067161690&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://alnabtah-alkhadra.com/ar/blog/The-Fundamental-Agricultural-Tool/a-2067161690&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;10&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-178 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-178 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-178&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-178&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-178 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://mustabsher.com/plow/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://mustabsher.com/plow/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-179 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-179 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-179&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-179&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-179 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/ar/2-9/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/ar/2-9/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-180 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-180 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-180&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-180&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-180 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://mawdoo3.com/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://mawdoo3.com/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;95&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-181 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-181 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-181&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-181&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-181 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://archive.org/download/nccal-001FP/nccal-001.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://archive.org/download/nccal-001FP/nccal-001.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;19&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-182 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-182 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-182&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-182&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-182 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://pa01001022.schoolwires.net/cms/lib/PA01001022/Centricity/Domain/803/Chapter%201%20Section%203.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://pa01001022.schoolwires.net/cms/lib/PA01001022/Centricity/Domain/803/Chapter%201%20Section%203.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;20&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-183 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-183 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-183&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-183&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-183 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world-history-beginnings/birth-agriculture-neolithic-revolution/a/introduction-what-is-civilization&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world-history-beginnings/birth-agriculture-neolithic-revolution/a/introduction-what-is-civilization&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;25&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-184 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-184 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-184&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-184&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-184 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://library.fiveable.me/key-terms/united-states-history-1865/food-surplus&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://library.fiveable.me/key-terms/united-states-history-1865/food-surplus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;21&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-185 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-185 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-185&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-185&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-185 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world-history-beginnings/birth-agriculture-neolithic-revolution/a/why-did-human-societies-get-more-complex&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world-history-beginnings/birth-agriculture-neolithic-revolution/a/why-did-human-societies-get-more-complex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;23&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-186 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-186 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-186&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-186&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-186 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldcivilization/chapter/the-neolithic-revolution/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldcivilization/chapter/the-neolithic-revolution/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;19&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-187 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-187 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-187&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-187&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-187 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://pa01001022.schoolwires.net/cms/lib/PA01001022/Centricity/Domain/803/Chapter%201%20Section%203.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://pa01001022.schoolwires.net/cms/lib/PA01001022/Centricity/Domain/803/Chapter%201%20Section%203.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-188 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-188 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-188&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-188&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-188 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.numberanalytics.com/blog/agricultural-revolution-historical-trends#:~:text=The%20Agricultural%20Revolution%20led%20to%20a%20significant%20increase%20in%20food,and%20services%20beyond%20basic%20necessities&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.numberanalytics.com/blog/agricultural-revolution-historical-trends#:~:text=The%20Agricultural%20Revolution%20led%20to%20a%20significant%20increase%20in%20food,and%20services%20beyond%20basic%20necessities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;39&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-189 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-189 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-189&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-189&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-189 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory2/chapter/effects-of-the-agricultural-revolution/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory2/chapter/effects-of-the-agricultural-revolution/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;97&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-190 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-190 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-190&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-190&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-190 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://oercommons.org/courseware/lesson/87910/student/?section=8&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://oercommons.org/courseware/lesson/87910/student/?section=8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;24&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-191 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-191 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-191&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-191&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-191 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.numberanalytics.com/blog/agricultural-revolution-historical-trends&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.numberanalytics.com/blog/agricultural-revolution-historical-trends&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;98&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-192 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-192 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-192&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-192&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-192 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.numberanalytics.com/blog/agricultural-revolution-catalyst-for-change&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.numberanalytics.com/blog/agricultural-revolution-catalyst-for-change&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;99&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-193 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-193 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-193&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-193&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-193 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://library.fiveable.me/the-modern-period/unit-1/agricultural-revolution/study-guide/YBoI5TtOLc0U9MQ8&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://library.fiveable.me/the-modern-period/unit-1/agricultural-revolution/study-guide/YBoI5TtOLc0U9MQ8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;100&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-194 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-194 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-194&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-194&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-194 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://bgreensa.com/blog/%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9/a-1070956877&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://bgreensa.com/blog/%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9/a-1070956877&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;101&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-195 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-195 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-195&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-195&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-195 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://almerja.com/reading.php?idm=166299&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://almerja.com/reading.php?idm=166299&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;102&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-196 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-196 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-196&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-196&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-196 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://iloencyclopaedia.org/ar/part-xvi-62216/construction/tools-equipment-and-materials?sa=u&#39;%20&amp;amp;start=700&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://iloencyclopaedia.org/ar/part-xvi-62216/construction/tools-equipment-and-materials?sa=u&#39;%20&amp;amp;start=700&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;31&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-197 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-197 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-197&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-197&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-197 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.rhinogardening.com/info/what-is-the-differences-between-garden-tools-a-94081543.html&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.rhinogardening.com/info/what-is-the-differences-between-garden-tools-a-94081543.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;103&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-198 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-198 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-198&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-198&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-198 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://mawdoo3.com/%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%8A_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://mawdoo3.com/%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%8A_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-199 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-199 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-199&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-199&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-199 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://alnabtah-alkhadra.com/ar/blog/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9/a-2067161690&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://alnabtah-alkhadra.com/ar/blog/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9/a-2067161690&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;41&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-200 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-200 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-200&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-200&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-200 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://uomosul.edu.iq/agriculture/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2023/09/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://uomosul.edu.iq/agriculture/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2023/09/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-201 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-201 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-201&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-201&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-201 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://reads.alibaba.com/ar/hand-tiller-unveiling-the-tool-that-transforms-your-garden/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://reads.alibaba.com/ar/hand-tiller-unveiling-the-tool-that-transforms-your-garden/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;105&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-202 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-202 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-202&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-202&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-202 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.minitractorcn.com/farm-implements/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.minitractorcn.com/farm-implements/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;106&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-203 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-203 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-203&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-203&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-203 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.cropilots.com/7-advantages-of-using-farm-tractors/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.cropilots.com/7-advantages-of-using-farm-tractors/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;29&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-204 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-204 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-204&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-204&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-204 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.iloencyclopaedia.org/ar/part-x-96841/agriculture-and-natural-resources-based-industries/farming-systems/item/538-manual-operations-in-farming&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.iloencyclopaedia.org/ar/part-x-96841/agriculture-and-natural-resources-based-industries/farming-systems/item/538-manual-operations-in-farming&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;107&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-205 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-205 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-205&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-205&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-205 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://arabic.alibaba.com/g/petrol-hand-plough.html&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://arabic.alibaba.com/g/petrol-hand-plough.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;108&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-206 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-206 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-206&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-206&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-206 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.najdagtech.com/post/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%82-%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.najdagtech.com/post/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%82-%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-207 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-207 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-207&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-207&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-207 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;110&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-208 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-208 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-208&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-208&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-208 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://acsad.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82-2024-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://acsad.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82-2024-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;111&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-209 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-209 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-209&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-209&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-209 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://fac.umc.edu.dz/snv/bibliotheque/biblio/mma/2024/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://fac.umc.edu.dz/snv/bibliotheque/biblio/mma/2024/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-210 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-210 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-210&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-210&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-210 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://mawdoo3.com/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%8B&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://mawdoo3.com/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%8B&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;112&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-211 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-211 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-211&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-211&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-211 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354193065_drast_ajtmayt_mqarnt_lasalyb_alzrat_altqlydyt_alnhryt_walmtryt_walhdytht_almhmyt_wathrha_fy_nmw_alantaj_alzray_bbd_qry_mhafzat_msr&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354193065_drast_ajtmayt_mqarnt_lasalyb_alzrat_altqlydyt_alnhryt_walmtryt_walhdytht_almhmyt_wathrha_fy_nmw_alantaj_alzray_bbd_qry_mhafzat_msr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-212 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-212 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-212&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-212&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-212 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.iloencyclopaedia.org/ar/part-x-96841/agriculture-and-natural-resources-based-industries/farming-systems/item/538-manual-operations-in-farming&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.iloencyclopaedia.org/ar/part-x-96841/agriculture-and-natural-resources-based-industries/farming-systems/item/538-manual-operations-in-farming&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;114&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-213 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-213 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-213&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-213&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-213 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.careervillage.org/questions/674558/does-agriculture-require-only-basic-manual-labor&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.careervillage.org/questions/674558/does-agriculture-require-only-basic-manual-labor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;115&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-214 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-214 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-214&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-214&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-214 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.patelagroindustries.com/blog/exploring-various-ploughing-methods-for-better-crop-yield&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.patelagroindustries.com/blog/exploring-various-ploughing-methods-for-better-crop-yield&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;116&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-215 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-215 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-215&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-215&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-215 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.aaem.pl/pdf-71942-9169?filename=9169.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.aaem.pl/pdf-71942-9169?filename=9169.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;117&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-216 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-216 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-216&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-216&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-216 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/sites/default/files/2024-07/tillage-tools-and-practices-in-organic-farming-systems-nrcs-ofrf-guide.pdf&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/sites/default/files/2024-07/tillage-tools-and-practices-in-organic-farming-systems-nrcs-ofrf-guide.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;118&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-217 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-217 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-217&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-217&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-217 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.holtags.com/blog/types-of-farm-equipment-and-their-uses/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.holtags.com/blog/types-of-farm-equipment-and-their-uses/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;119&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-218 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-218 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-218&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-218&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-218 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/full_html/2020/11/bioconf_fies-20_00103/bioconf_fies-20_00103.html&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/full_html/2020/11/bioconf_fies-20_00103/bioconf_fies-20_00103.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-219 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-219 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-219&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-219&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-219 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plough&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-220 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-220 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-220&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-220&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-220 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.forigo.it/en/news/what-is-plowing&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.forigo.it/en/news/what-is-plowing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;120&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-221 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-221 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-221&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-221&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-221 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjSGzLMarZk&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjSGzLMarZk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;121&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-222 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-222 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-222&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-222&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-222 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20230380030&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20230380030&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;122&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-223 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-223 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-223&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-223&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-223 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/download/7603/4035/39495&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/download/7603/4035/39495&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-224 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-224 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-224&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-224&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-224 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=https://alnabtah-alkhadra.com/ar/blog/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B2%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B9%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9/a-2067161690&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://alnabtah-alkhadra.com/ar/blog/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9/a-2067161690&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-225 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-225 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-225&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-225&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-225 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.cropilots.com/disc-plough/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.cropilots.com/disc-plough/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;10&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-226 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-226 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-226&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-226&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-226 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://mustabsher.com/plow/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://mustabsher.com/plow/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;68&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-227 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-227 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-227&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-227&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-227 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.minitractorcn.com/info/plow-development-history-90345067.html&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.minitractorcn.com/info/plow-development-history-90345067.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;123&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-228 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-228 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-228&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-228&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-228 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://almerja.com/reading.php?idm=180942&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://almerja.com/reading.php?idm=180942&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;15&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-229 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-229 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-229&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-229&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-229 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.lebarmy.gov.lb/ar/content/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.lebarmy.gov.lb/ar/content/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;124&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-230 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-230 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-230&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-230&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-230 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://folkculturebh.org/ar/?issue=32&amp;amp;page=article&amp;amp;id=602&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://folkculturebh.org/ar/?issue=32&amp;amp;page=article&amp;amp;id=602&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;125&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-231 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-231 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-231&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-231&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-231 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.alquds.co.uk/%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.alquds.co.uk/%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;126&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-232 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-232 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-232&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-232&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-232 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://st-takla.org/Full-Free-Coptic-Books/FreeCopticBooks-002-Holy-Arabic-Bible-Dictionary/11_Z/Z_32.html&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://st-takla.org/Full-Free-Coptic-Books/FreeCopticBooks-002-Holy-Arabic-Bible-Dictionary/11_Z/Z_32.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;127&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-233 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-233 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-233&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-233&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-233 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://arrafid.ae/Article-Preview?I=7vgy8J1Acc0%3D&amp;amp;m=5U3QQE93T%2F0%3D&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://arrafid.ae/Article-Preview?I=7vgy8J1Acc0%3D&amp;amp;m=5U3QQE93T%2F0%3D&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;128&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-234 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-234 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-234&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-234&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-234 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://kitabat.com/cultural/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-11-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://kitabat.com/cultural/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-11-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;129&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-235 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-235 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-235&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-235&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-235 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://islamicbooks.info/H-24-Arabic/Ridha%20Al-Attar-6-Somer.htm&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://islamicbooks.info/H-24-Arabic/Ridha%20Al-Attar-6-Somer.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;130&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-236 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-236 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-236&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-236&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-236 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.alkhaleej.ae/2020-11-13/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.alkhaleej.ae/2020-11-13/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;131&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-237 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-237 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-237&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-237&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-237 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.aspdkw.com/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%91%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.aspdkw.com/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%91%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;132&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-238 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-238 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-238&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-238&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-238 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;7&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-239 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-239 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-239&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-239&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-239 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://ar.rotarytiller-factory.com/news/the-origin-of-the-invention-of-the-disc-plough/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://ar.rotarytiller-factory.com/news/the-origin-of-the-invention-of-the-disc-plough/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;133&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-240 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-240 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-240&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-240&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-240 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.skynewsarabia.com/varieties/1392144-10-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.skynewsarabia.com/varieties/1392144-10-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;134&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-241 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-241 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-241&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-241&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-241 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.babmsr.com/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A3%D8%B3-%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.babmsr.com/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A3%D8%B3-%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;135&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-242 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-242 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-242&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-242&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-242 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://nfa-eg.org/Search/pic_Details.aspx?PID=69000154&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://nfa-eg.org/Search/pic_Details.aspx?PID=69000154&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;136&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-243 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-243 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-243&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-243&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-243 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/6736285&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/6736285&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;137&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-244 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-244 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-244&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-244&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-244 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/6002620&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/6002620&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;138&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-245 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-245 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-245&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-245&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-245 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;139&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-246 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-246 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-246&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-246&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-246 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://aawsat.com/home/article/3230816/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://aawsat.com/home/article/3230816/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;140&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-247 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-247 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-247&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-247&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-247 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;141&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-248 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-248 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-248&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-248&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-248 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.mozaweb.com/ar/lexikon.php?cmd=extra_full&amp;amp;extraid=148085&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.mozaweb.com/ar/lexikon.php?cmd=extra_full&amp;amp;extraid=148085&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;142&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-249 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-249 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-249&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-249&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-249 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344683090_alalat_waladwat_alzrayt_fy_blad_alrafdyn&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344683090_alalat_waladwat_alzrayt_fy_blad_alrafdyn&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;143&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-250 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-250 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-250&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-250&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-250 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.abualsoof.com/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9/2017-05-13-16-31-26&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.abualsoof.com/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9/2017-05-13-16-31-26&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-251 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-251 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-251&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-251&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-251 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/ar/2-9/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/ar/2-9/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-252 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-252 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-252&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-252&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-252 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;144&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-253 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-253 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-253&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-253&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-253 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ar.minitractorcn.com/plough/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ar.minitractorcn.com/plough/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;145&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-254 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-254 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-254&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-254&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-254 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://roshdyebrahim.blogspot.com/2014/07/blog-post.html&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://roshdyebrahim.blogspot.com/2014/07/blog-post.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;146&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-255 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-255 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-255&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-255&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-255 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2023/11/4/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2023/11/4/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;147&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-256 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-256 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-256&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-256&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-256 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://mawdoo3.com/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%89&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://mawdoo3.com/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%89&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;148&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-257 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-257 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-257&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-257&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-257 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://ribatalkoutoub.com/?p=4393&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://ribatalkoutoub.com/?p=4393&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;149&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-258 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-258 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-258&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-258&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-258 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://almerja.com/reading.php?idm=241078&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://almerja.com/reading.php?idm=241078&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;150&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-259 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-259 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-259&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-259&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-259 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://almerja.com/more.php?idm=180942&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://almerja.com/more.php?idm=180942&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;151&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-260 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-260 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-260&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-260&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-260 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://arabic.alibaba.com/g/modern-plow.html&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://arabic.alibaba.com/g/modern-plow.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;152&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-261 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-261 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-261&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-261&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-261 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://arabic.news.cn/2015-09/14/c_134623409.htm&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://arabic.news.cn/2015-09/14/c_134623409.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;84&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-262 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-262 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-262&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-262&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-262 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://belt-guard.com/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9/&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://belt-guard.com/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c3968411416=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;superscript&quot; data-turn-source-index=&quot;153&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;sources-carousel-inline _nghost-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;span _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;button-container hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;button _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-controls=&quot;sources&quot; aria-expanded=&quot;false&quot; aria-label=&quot;مزيد من المعلومات&quot; class=&quot;mat-mdc-tooltip-trigger button image-fade-on hide-from-message-actions&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; jslog=&quot;220646;track:generic_click,impression&quot;&gt;&lt;mat-icon _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mat-icon notranslate symbol google-symbols mat-ligature-font mat-icon-no-color&quot; data-mat-icon-name=&quot;expand_more&quot; data-mat-icon-type=&quot;font&quot; fonticon=&quot;expand_more&quot; role=&quot;img&quot;&gt;&lt;/mat-icon&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;sources-carousel _ngcontent-ng-c267853883=&quot;&quot; _nghost-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-tns-c2625021192-263 hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted&quot; hide-from-message-actions=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;sources&quot; style=&quot;display: flex; visibility: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel&gt;&lt;/sources-carousel-inline&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;container ng-tns-c2625021192-263 hide&quot; jslog=&quot;220997;BardVeMetadataKey:[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1,null,1]]&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-container ng-tns-c2625021192-263&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;carousel-content ng-tns-c2625021192-263&quot;&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2625021192=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;sources-carousel-source ng-tns-c2625021192-263 hide ng-star-inserted&quot; data-test-id=&quot;sources-carousel-source&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;response-element class=&quot;&quot; ng-version=&quot;0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;link-block class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot;&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;a _nghost-ng-c2020424491=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;ng-star-inserted&quot; externallink=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;https://mawdoo3.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A9&quot; jslog=&quot;197247;track:generic_click,impression;BardVeMetadataKey:[[&amp;quot;r_aa1742eab8c761e5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602&amp;quot;,null,&amp;quot;c_f5458b827deb3602_9cd6e4c7-9379-469d-858a-f092ace6588b&amp;quot;,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1]]&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://mawdoo3.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/link-block&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/response-element&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;الكلمات الرئيسية&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;اختراع المحراث، المحراث، تطور الزراعة، الزراعة القديمة، الأدوات الزراعية، أثر المحراث على الزراعة، الثورة الزراعية، تاريخ الزراعة، الفلاحة التقليدية، المحراث الحديدي، الإنتاج الزراعي، تحسين التربة، تقنيات الحرث، المزارع القديم، أدوات الفلاح، الزراعة اليدوية، حضارات قديمة، بلاد الرافدين، الحضارة المصرية، الزراعة في العصور الوسطى، تقنية الحراثة، التحول الزراعي، أدوات ما قبل التاريخ.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;

تسرنا زيارتك و تهمنا مشاركتك 

لا تنسى زيارتنا هنا 
https://jil22.yoo7.com/&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/feeds/2750562131471732231/comments/default' title='تعليقات الرسالة'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/2025/06/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 تعليقات'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4833260916268839313/posts/default/2750562131471732231'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4833260916268839313/posts/default/2750562131471732231'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://algazir.blogspot.com/2025/06/blog-post.html' title='قصة المحراث: النصل الذي حفر مجرى الحضارة'/><author><name>Admin </name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15763739130616251359</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPWAk3e6CVhLbaBpb10PCEd6meSj_zEAs43BTxJ6wm5VBX0nVVOLxB7mzGovWEZJOQ8x3m8MRFq0p4vcZgH_ucljbT1H5FnJzpSYmAKwcDWAR1-UeLPtyV9poD5dnsONCfz-YJGf-Bdkgt4PktNZ3CXW6hafFy183sVnoEzYps7RRe8SU/s220/%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4S5nvPoKufYWfJ9kr1EZN-wzpsJOWlXb4UUBMJv7oNOO1wYVveUrEn8WZAYXniuUdogUHzXgXaWyo_EJF4YsMhud_tCcf4vWqS5U1ZTbjgM3npalR0WxMKlLIyCU5aYjuyqScDT4hJTm-O4oJT8AF7ieJHafHYLqbQh414vhOXP1pg3xhO-zlGoou1Ejv/s72-c/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>