all-my-shared

2017-12-31T16:14:00.001-08:00

Meet the nurse who will soon perform surgery on patients alone | Healthcare Professionals Network | The Guardian Skip to main content

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Nursing in focus

Meet the nurse who will soon perform surgery on patients alone

Unlike other nursing roles, a surgical care practitioner is involved with the patient every step of the way

Sara Dalby: this is an alternative career path to the management track, one that keeps me on the frontline providing care for patients Photograph: Royal College of Nursing

Healthcare Network

Nursing in focus

Meet the nurse who will soon perform surgery on patients alone

Unlike other nursing roles, a surgical care practitioner is involved with the patient every step of the way

Supported by

About this content

Laura Oliver

@lauraoliver

In the operating theatre, scalpel in hand, Sara Dalby is reminded of snow: “When you’re making the first incision, it’s like making a set of footprints in it. It’s never going to be the same.”
Patients may expect a surgeon to operate on them, but Dalby is one of a small group of nurses who have advanced to the role of surgical care practitioner (SCP).
Soon Dalby’s role will become even more special: come September, she will be able to carry out surgeries, such as facial skin cancer excisions, with possible skin grafts and flap reconstructions, without a consultant by her side.
Unlike other nursing roles in the surgical team, an SCP, as defined by the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS), is involved with the patient from the moment they set foot in the hospital until the moment they go home. Dalby’s nursing background has certainly helped her to this point. She says: “I have a wealth of knowledge from being a nurse that’s helped me take the next step into advanced practice.”
The new SCPs take part in everything from preoperative assessments – including taking histories and conducting physical exams – to assisting in theatre, training trainee surgeons, and postoperative care, such as wound assessment and discharging patients.
The NHS does not currently record an overall figure for how many SCPs are employed by the service, but a recent report from the RCS, which included studies of surgical teams in eight NHS hospitals, counted no SCPs at St George’s hospital in London, but as many as seven at University Hospital of North Tees.
Becoming an SCP requires a background as a registered healthcare professional, such as a nurse, a love of clinical practice and academic aptitude. Dalby had an MSc in advanced nursing and took on additional training and study for the post. Now the recommended training is a two-year master’s programme at university – a much higher barrier to entry than training for general nursing roles.
Having qualified as a nurse in 2003, Dalby’s interest in surgery has grown throughout her career – from observing a hip replacement as a student nurse to training as one of the hospital’s first surgical first assistants, tasked with camera holding for laparoscopic surgery when the service was introduced by a colorectal consultant.
Becoming an SCP was a chance to push herself professionally, develop her clinical skills and still work directly with patients. She is now Aintree University hospital’s only SCP and works across two specialities – the maxillofacial unit and upper limb orthopaedics.
Dalby says: “I feel a responsibility to ensure that I provide high standards of patient care in my capacity as an SCP and to evidence the role as a success, to prove non-medical practitioners are worth investment.” She adds: “Being in advanced roles give nurses with experience an alternative career path to management. It keeps them on the frontline providing clinical care for patients.”
Matthew van Loo, a senior lecturer at Teesside University’s school of health and social care and a former SCP, adds: “There hasn’t been a huge investment in careers on the clinical side of nursing, so this role is attractive to people. Not everyone wants to get a pay rise by going into management, so it does open up another door.”
Ian Eardley, vice president of the Royal College of Surgeons, says such non-traditional roles can help create a “flexible and permanent workforce” for hospitals. While junior doctors move between specialities for their training, for example, SCPs will remain in post.
The RCS report looked at changes to the surgical workforce, including the use of SCPs and other non-medical roles, and suggests that patient care and continuity of care has improved where such jobs have been introduced.
The nursing background of many SCPs is particularly beneficial. “Medical training is quite different from a nurse’s training, in the way that you approach things.” says Eardley.
“The nursing approach is often more holistic, often more caring than we are. The two styles are slightly complimentary, but it’s now becoming clearer that there are certain things that can be done for surgical patients by people with different training.”
Dalby adds: “My consultants and I may have different viewpoints about things and I think that’s to the benefit of the patient, because then all aspects of care are considered. Sometimes I know what the nurses are going through on the ward or what the theatre staff will be thinking.”
The role now shows signs of improving junior doctors’ surgical experience. SCPs may take on activities in theatre, allowing a consultant more time to focus on training or perform duties outside theatre that allow juniors to spend more time operating.
“We’ve moved from a situation where there were doctors and nurses doing very different things to functioning far more as a team with overlapping roles,” says Eardley.
But this is no fast-track to becoming a surgeon. While traditional roles may blur at a lower level – an SCP may lead ward rounds and carry out surgical procedures for very specific conditions and within certain limits, for example – a clear distinction between the responsibilities of consultants and SCPs remains. Consultants lead the surgical team, perform far more complicated surgeries and oversee the work and training of everyone on that team. They will also have medical training, qualifying first as doctors before undertaking extensive further training to specialise.

Andrea Thomas, deputy director of nursing and quality at Aintree University hospital says the introduction of SCPs is about the changing shape of surgical teams and, in addition to other advanced clinical roles, a response to broader hospital and patient needs. These posts can help the NHS face the future, explains Thomas, by helping services plan for anticipated shortages in junior doctors training for surgery and other specialities.
She says: “Who’s going to replace [junior doctors] in the clinics, in the theatres, in the wards? What will that look like and who will it be? Developing some of these roles in those areas is an absolute must do.”
Join the Healthcare Professionals Network to read more pieces like this. And follow us on Twitter (@GdnHealthcare) to keep up with the latest healthcare news and views.
If you’re looking for a healthcare job or need to recruit staff, visit Guardian Jobs.

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10 php ebooks collection free download

2014-08-11T12:13:00.000-07:00

- PHP 5 Object Orie by : Marcus Börger & James Cox

-The Underground PHP and Oracle Manual by : Christopher Jones &
Alison Holloway

-PHP 5 Power Programming by : Bruce Perens' Open Source
Series

- A Step-by-Step Guide to creating Dynamic by : Robin Nixon

Websites

-PHP Ajax Cookbook by : Rajesh Jeba anbiah & Roshan Bhattarai

( Quick ansewers to common problems ) & Milan Sedliak

-php|architect’s Guide to PHP Security by : Ilia Alshanetsky

(A Step-by-step Guide to Writing
Secure and Reliable PHP Applications)

-PHP - Hypertext Preprocessor                                          by : Yaron Benita

- THE PHP ANTHOLOGY                                                    by : sitepoint.com
( 101 ESSENTIAL TIPS, TRICKS
& HACKS )

-Create dynamic sites with PHP & MySQL                      by : developerWorks

- SQL | PHP Tutorial                          by : -

5 Simple Steps to Rock-Solid Outsourcing Deals

2014-02-20T04:01:00.000-08:00

Overview

In order to effectively outsource a part (or more) of your business, you will need to know the pros and the cons of the outsourcing process. A lot of these benefits and drawbacks will be common sense, but chances are that there will be at least one or two that you may have not thought of. We will begin with the pros, the good points, of outsourcing. Right off the bat, the obvious benefit is that outsourcing can help your company focus on the jobs that it is best at doing. Consider a software company, for example. This is a company that was built to design and sell software--but they also have to provide support for their products. Why should the employees at this company waste time and money providing support when the support can simply be outsourced?

Another major benefit of outsourcing is that it can provide your business with higher profits and lower costs over time. This is because your company will not be spending as much money on needless expenses for departments that do things which can be more cheaply done by other businesses.

Finally, outsourcing does not just have to cover business related tasks, as it can also alleviate divisions such as training and personnel management. A lot of money is spent every year on training new employees, and that money could be much better spent on improving other business divisions to help increase profits.

Table of Contents:

Step 1: Deciding Whether or Not Your Company Should Outsource

Step 2: Understanding the Pros and Cons of Outsourcing

Step 3: Finding the Right Company for Your Outsourcing Needs

Step 4: Negotiating the Outsourcing Deal - Going it alone

Step 5: Negotiating the Outsourcing Deal - With the Help of a Middle Man

All You Wanted To Know About The Raw Food Diet

2014-02-20T03:56:00.000-08:00

Overview

Raw food diets can be a great way to not only lose weight but also led a much healthier, natural lifestyle in general.

Most raw food diets are plant-based, with at least 75% of the diet composed of raw food.

Food examples include living and raw fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, rolled or flaked grains, and seaweeds. Some adherents may also eat cooked grains and legumes, fresh fish and poultry.
For the strict raw food diet, however, nothing should be heated over 116 degrees Fahrenheit.

Some raw food dieters can be classified as vegans as well. The following report is meant to give an introduction to raw food diets and provide some sample recipes that one can try.

his short report will give you a birds eye view about this all-natural diet plan!

You will learn:

- What is The Raw Food Diet Really Is!
- The Pros and Cons of the Raw Food Diet!
- Tools of the Trade!
- 7 Simple and Easy Raw Food Diet Meal Plans
- And MUCH MUCH MORE!

free traffic for broke marketers

2014-02-20T03:47:00.000-08:00

Overview

Drive Traffic To Your Sites By Using FREE Traffic Techniques - Turned Out That FREE Was Also BEST! The FREE traffic generation methods in this book work better than any paid marketing!

The truth of the matter is that FREE traffic does not have to mean POOR QUALITY traffic. In fact, quite the reverse is true in terms of this book. Your chance of online success increases greatly if you do not have the expense of paying for your traffic - it means that every cent you DO earn can be either put back into your business OR used to meet your living expenses if you decide you want to quit your 9-5 job.

Dear Reader,
Here’s how it goes with most new marketers – it happened to me exactly like this
– see if it rings a bell with you. It might even be that this is the stage you’re
currently at…..
I quickly realized the potential of internet marketing. Not least because I could see people around me making a lot of money, or at least making more than enough to quit work and go full-time.
The initial excitement I felt has never left me. I vividly remember working late into the night creating my first ebook, then once that was finished the REAL work
began – learning how to build a simple website, use a hosting account, register for Paypal and Clickbank, ftp my files to my hosting account, put a payment button (that actually worked) in the right place on my website and struggle to write a half decent sales page.
Once it was ALL done, my website went live and I waited to get rich.
…and waited
…and waited.
I didn’t make a SINGLE sale from my first attempt at product selling. I had neglected one of the most important parts of the whole process. Getting people to look at my website – TRAFFIC!
When I realized I needed traffic I got a BIG shock. The cost of paying for any sort of advertising was way out of my tiny budget’s reach, and the time spent on some of the traditional methods of traffic generation would have meant I had to quit my job to have time to do it!
So I had to find my own way. I had to find what worked for me. Which methods were most effective among the masses of conflicting advice I read about on the forums?
Well what I found was free traffic for broke marketers.
And while not everything you’re about to read is groundbreaking or new, I CAN tell you that it works for me, and best of all it’s FREE.
When newcomers to Internet Marketing first get involved in the entire process of creating their own products, designing sales or landing pages and trying to stimulate enough traffic to make sales, they often get lost.

Gas Saving Devices

2014-02-20T03:42:00.000-08:00

Overview

Gas Saving Devices - Fuel Saver or Consumer Scam?

There are plenty of products on the market for consumers to chose from. Most of the time they evolve based on the needs of society. When there is a trend taking place then you will see many different products emerge that can meet the new need people have.

Some of them have been around for many years but people just don’t notice them. They aren’t recognized until there is a significant need for them. Older products may change how they advertise and even change the name of the product in order to get a facelift in the public eye.

It is no secret to anyone that gas prices have continued to rise to unbelievable prices over the past couple of years. While there has been a steady increase all along, nothing has taken place like it has in the past six months. It sees like the prices at the pumps are increasing every couple of days.

That has many consumers scared to death and scrambling for a solution. They aren’t making more money but continue have more expenses to cover. The more your drive your vehicle they more you are affected by these increasing fuel prices. It can be a very scary time if you already have a thin budget to work with.

It may only be by a few cents but that quickly adds up to too much per gallon. The fact that the prices tend to go up every week isn’t helping. In the end you are likely paying more money when you fill up than ever before. This has also lead to an increase in the cost of everything else.

That is because it is taking more money for suppliers to get it delivered. All of that price increase is being passed on to the consumer. Trucking companies have to pay more for fuel to get supplies to lumber yards, groceries and supplies to stores, and even to transport fuel to the gas stations. They can’t stay in business if they don’t increase what they charge for such deliveries.

As a result the places they are delivering materials to have to increase what they charge in order to make a profit. This is a continuous cycle with the final consumer getting the short end of the stick. This has resulted in people traveling less and buying fewer items that aren’t essential.

With very little chance that gas prices are going to drop, people are looking for alternatives. That is why business entrepreneurs are offering a variety of gas saving devices. The controversy though is that some people believe they work while others are convinced they are nothing more than a scam.

There are hundreds of such products out there available and that is appealing to consumers. They are tired of paying high amounts for gas and they are willing to do all they can in order to find a way out of it. Advertisers of such products know this and they continue to appeal to the emotions of these consumers in order to sell more of their products.

Before you buy one of them you need to do your homework. You need to find out what other consumers have to say about it. You definitely don’t want to waste your time or money on something that isn’t going to be effective. There is no reason to hand over the cash until you know you are getting a legitimate product with a high level of credibility behind it.

The Federal Trade Commission has issued several warnings about the use of gas saving devices. Therefore it is very important for you to be sure you know what you are paying for. If it sounds too good to be true than more than likely it is. Don’t find out after you have paid for the product.

The Federal Trade Commission has tested more than 100 products on the market that claim a person can save 20% or more on their gas expenses. However, this agency wasn’t able to verify any of these products could offer those results or any significant benefit at all.

You may be familiar with particular fuel saving products that have been advertised. They all fall into particular categories depending on how you use them and what methods they incorporate. Keep reading to find out reliable information on each of these categories.

indoor gardening

2014-02-20T03:15:00.000-08:00

Overview

The plants will now require particular attention and a nice discrimination in the application of water: it may be comprehended by all persons interested in gardening operations, that when the soil on the surface of the pot looks damp it will not require water until it gets thoroughly dry at this season, and then it is to be given before the plant droops or flags for want of it. But when the plant droops and the soil on the surface appears damp, the cause is then to be discovered by turning the ball out of the pot, when it will be seen whether the whole or only a portion of the soil is wet; as it sometimes happens, when fresh potted with light soil, it shrinks from the sides of the pot when dry, and when water is given it runs down and moistens the outside, without penetrating the ball.

The evil is corrected by holding it for a short space of time in a tub of water of the same temperature as the house. If the soil of any plant is sodden with water it should be turned out of the pot, and the drainage examined, and no water to be given until it becomes thoroughly dry.

Showing the most successful treatment for all the plants cultivated in the

- Greenhouse
- Conservatory
- Stove
- Pit
- Orchid and forcing-house.

Dog Shock Collars

2014-02-20T03:07:00.000-08:00

Overview

This book will teach you everything you need to know about dog shock collars...

1) How To Use Dog Shock Collars

You can use dog shock collars to train your dog or put them on your dog when he is outside and you want to keep him in the yard. There are several different types of dog shock collars on the market today that can help you with every aspect of dog training and safety. This book will teach you what you need to know about training your dog and keeping him safe using dog shock collars.

2) How To Buy The Right Dog Shock Collar For Your Dog

The type of dog shock collar that you buy should be determined by the size dog that you have. This book will discuss the different types of dog shock collars and how they can affect your dog. This will teach you the right dog shock collar to get for your dog.

Here is what you will learn inside this guide....

What are dog shock collars?
How can dog shock collars be used to train a dog?
How can dog shock collars keep your dog safe?
What size dog collar should you get?
When should you not use dog shock collars
And a lot more!

Rainy Day Activities

2014-02-20T03:03:00.000-08:00

Overview

Planning for rainy day craft activities does not have to be complicated or even expensive. Children can do the most creative things with the most innocuous items and you can help them make things on the cheap. All it takes for you to be able to do this is a little ingenuity and some planning ahead.

Finger Painting
There‟s nothing more exciting to a child than getting themselves all dirty. As parents and caregivers we‟re always telling them to stay clean, to wash their hands and don‟t touch. Now you‟re going to give them the opportunity to touch and to get dirty and to play!
You‟ll need some water soluble finger paints. They come in all colors and they‟re so much fun! Whether from a squeeze bottle or a jar—dipping their little fingers into the wet muck gives them tactile sensations and a creative outlet.
You‟ll need paper and paints. Also, it would be a good idea to have the child wear old clothing or an apron to keep the paint from their clothing.
These are just a few ideas to get you started on making some exciting memories with your children—as well as keeping their little imaginations active during dull and rainy days...

Sock Puppets
Making a sock puppet:
Socks, all kinds and colors
Yarn
Glue gun
Googly eyes
Imagination
No one can resist a sock puppet. Use any kind of sock—the more colorful the better. Using a glue gun, attach yarn hair, maybe even a yarn moustache. Stick eyes on, wait till everything is dry and then have a puppet show! Recreate a scene from one of your favorite cartoons. Use a pink sock and make Patrick, a yellow sock to make Sponge Bob.
Using a cardboard box, you can create a stage where your sock puppets can put on plays. With a bit of creativity, you can have hours of fun!

The eBay Loophole: How to save 72% when selling on eBay!

2014-02-20T02:59:00.000-08:00

Overview

If you are truly serious about making good money on eBay than you must read this book. Are you tired of giving all your profits to eBay?
Find out the secrets top sellers know:
- How to save 72% when selling on eBay
- How to save 33% on Listing Fees
- How to save 85% on Subtitle Fees
- How to save 76% on ProPack Fees
- How to save 100% on Items Selling Fees
- How to save 100% on Final Value Fees

Web 2.0 Graphics

2014-02-19T12:39:00.000-08:00

Overview

Step-By-Step - A Guide to WEB 2.0 Graphics

Anyone who wants to understand Web 2.0 design must first be familiar with what Web 2.0 means. The phrase stands for the supposed second generation of the web that focuses on collaboration and sharing of information among users.

What used to be one-way highways of the old web is now replaced by a community-driven world
of Web 2.0.

The term Web 2.0 was first used in 2004 during the O’Reilly Media Web 2.0 conference. This suggested a change on how developers and users use the web.

Some of the things related to Web 2.0 include blogs, RSS (really simple syndication) feeds, social bookmarking websites and the like.

All of them share the common factors of having interactivity and communication between the website owner
and the visitors, as well as among the visitors themselves.

The so-called Web 2.0 encompasses the back and front end of websites. However, to the average users, the changes are most evident on what they actually see and use on the websites that they visit.

For example, for Ajax-based applications, what they see are the updating of data on the page without actually refreshing the entire page, which was the technique before.

Web 2.0 has made it possible to create a desktop environment to websites. For example, users of the past can only type their documents on their computers and were only able to share them to others by sending it through e-mail.

But with Web 2.0, users can now create their documents on websites which offer that service and are able to share them to others by merely adding the e-mail addresses of their friends. Such is the case with Google Documents, formerly known as Writely, until Google acquired the company.

All in all, Web 2.0 has further enriched the internet by letting people collaborate, making the web into a true
community.

Tools And much more of the basics
Read more at http://www.idplr.com/view-details/8-ebooks/web-20-graphics.html#yoXIzL4rvfZ5lwu4.99

Tired of not knowing Web 2.0 Graphics? Discover Web 2.0 Graphics In One Easy To Understand Guide!
Read more at http://www.idplr.com/view-details/8-ebooks/web-20-graphics.html#yoXIzL4rvfZ5lwu4.99

What? Me Procrastinate?

2014-02-19T10:44:00.000-08:00

Overview

Procrastination is putting something off until later, either due to carelessness or habitual
laziness. Everyone does it, including you.

We seek out what makes us feel good and attempt to avoid the things that annoy or bother us. Consciously determining why you procrastinate will go a long way in helping you change your behavior.

What is Procrastination?
Everyone does it, including you. You have things to do, important things or mundane things, and you put off doing them until the last minute. If Procrastination were an Olympic event you might be in the running for a gold medal, you’re that good at it. You make jokes about being a world class procrastinator with your friends, telling them that sure, you could finish that project right now if you wanted to but (yawn) you’re just going to do it tomorrow.
Procrastination is putting something off until later, either due to carelessness or habitual laziness. It’s putting off till tomorrow what you just as easily could have finished up today. A procrastinator postpones or needlessly delays accomplishing something –just because.
Students are notorious for engaging in this behavior. Papers need to be researched and written, tests must be studied for but none of this is done or even started until the very last minute. Students who procrastinate generally spend a great deal of time pulling all –nighters in order to catch up to where they need to be or to cram for the big test in the morning.
A person who is habitually late to everything, from weddings to dates, is someone who procrastinates getting ready to leave. Maybe they don’t start getting ready until it’s nearly time to leave or they move so slowly that by the time they should leave for the event, they’re still way behind schedule.
Why do we let things slide until we’re in a time crunch and the deadline is looming and we’re not even CLOSE to being finished? Why do we procrastinate?

Why Do You Do It?
The behavior of procrastination affects almost everyone at one time or another in their life. For some it is a continuous habit, part of who they are, a not-so-endearing character trait; for others it may be a situational thing and doesn’t affect too many events in their life. For whatever reason, people put off things they don’t want to do.
Because You Are Afraid. No one likes to admit that they fear something, but fear might just be the reason you put off doing what you know you should do. Whether it’s fear of failure or fear of success, it’s still fear. Fear is a paralyzing emotion. It has the ability to stop us in our tracks-literally. Some writers fear failure so they never write that epic novel they have churning around inside of them; some fear success and the result is the same. If you procrastinate compulsively, and who doesn’t enjoy doing that, then you may fear that once you’re successful at something you’ll suffer the compulsion to continually be successful. This will require you to work and finish what you’ve started and that will cut into your compulsion to procrastinate. It’s a never ending cycle. Fear can cause us to procrastinate.
Because You Don’t Think it’s Important Enough. You don’t place a high enough priority on the task at hand, it’s not vital and so it’s not worthy of you beginning it.
You know the task needs to be done and you may already have decided that you’re the one who must do it. However, there is always something else more important on your to-do list that keeps bumping that particular job back to the bottom. Let’s say you know that that the dishwasher needs to be unloaded. You’ll get to it later, after you go grocery shopping. Grocery shopping is more important because if you don’t have food you’ll starve to death. Besides, no one can see that the dishwasher is full of clean dishes. After grocery shopping you need to eat, because you’re hungry. Besides, you can just take a plate out of the dishwasher and use that. That’s sort of unloading it, isn’t it? Unloading the dishwasher isn’t a priority and that’s why you procrastinate doing it.
You Don’t Know Enough to do the Task. You may procrastinate beginning a project because you simply don’t know everything you need to know in order to complete the task. You may not have consciously admitted this to yourself, but deep down you know it and it’s coming out as an aversion to starting the project. You need to determine whether or not this is because you haven’t collected all the data on what you have to do, or simply because you want to stall for more time.
Because You’re Too Busy. Life is busy...

3rd pack : 29 flying ebook

2012-10-02T13:57:00.003-07:00

29 flying ebook :

-flight instruments
- flight manuals and other documents
-flight navigator handbook
-flight instruments 2nd ebook
-helicopter attitude instrument flying
-hilicopter instrument procedures
- hitler s flying saucers
-human factors
-human factors engineering and safety principles and practices
-information for banner tow operation
-instrument flight rules flight
-integrated system hazard analysis
-introuduction to the system safety handbook
-laser hazardsin navigable airspace
-medical certification question and answers
-medications and flying
-navigation systems
-navigation
-no waste method for making flying geese units
-obstructive Sleep Apnea
-of flying frogs and levitrons
-operational risk management
-operational safety in aviation
-pilot medical certification information for the aviation community
-plane sense
-post investment decision safety activities
-principales of system safety
-principles of flight
-rotorcraft flying handbook

2nd pack : 27 flying ebook

2012-10-02T12:59:00.001-07:00

27 flying ebook :

-safety analysis hazard analysis tasks
-safety assessments befor investment decision
-Spatial disorientation
-Spatial disorientation visual illusions
- staying within protected airspace
-student pilot guide
-sunglasses for pilots
- system improvement plans
-system safety analysis techniques
-system safety guidelines for contracting
-system safety policy and process
-system safety process steps
-system safety training
-system software safety
-take em flying
-takeoffs and departures
-test and evaluation safety
-the air traffic control system
-the application of system safety to the commercial launch industry
-the complete beginners guide to flying radio control
-the danger of towers to our aviation community
-the hidden costof flying
-the national airspace system
-towards a navigation system for autonomous indoor flying
-weather theory
-weight and balance
-when kids fly alone

1st pack : 28 flying ebook

2012-10-02T12:16:00.003-07:00

28 flying ebook

-a flying start maternity leave benefits and long run outcomes of children
-activ flying
-advanced avionics handbook
-aerodynamic factors
-aerodynamics of flight
-aeronautical decision making
-aeronautical information manual
-airborne navigation databases
-aircraft performance
-aircraft structure
-aircraft systems
-airplane attitude instrument flying
-airplane basic flight maneuvers
-airport operations
-airspace
-approach
-arrivals
-aviation weather services
-carbon monoxide a deadly menace
- emergency operations
-facilities system safety
-fatigue aviation
-fear of flying learn to fly comfortably
-flight controls
-flight instructor guide

addressing the challenges of functional safety in the automotive and industrial markets

2012-09-13T07:36:00.001-07:00

Quote from the book

" Building on the company’s safety heritage and expertise, Freescale’s SafeAssure functional safety
program enables system designers to develop with confidence and more efficiently achieve their
system-level design goals and compliance with the IEC 61508 and ISO 26262 requirements.
Freescale’s functional safety approach covers four key areas: Safety Process, Safety Hardware,
Safety Software and Safety Support.
Functional safety requirements begin with the way a company designs and implements a
functional safety solution—the Safety Process. Freescale has made functional safety an
integral part of its product development process to align to the rigorous requirements of IEC
61508 and ISO 26262. In addition, select Freescale products are being defined and designed
from the ground up to comply with the standards, with safety analysis done at each step of
the development process and additional confirmation measures taken to help ensure safety
requirements are fully met.
Freescale’s Safety Hardware concept focuses on detecting and mitigating random hardware
failures. This is achieved through built-in safety features, including self-testing, monitoring and
hardware-based redundancy in Freescale MCUs, analog and power management integrated
circuits (ICs) and sensors. Freescale’s analog automotive solutions provide additional functionality
(such as checking MCU timing, voltages and error management) that helps improve system
robustness and simplify electronic control unit designs. Freescale’s Qorivva 56xx automotive
MCUs and PXS family of industrial MCUs based on Power Architecture technology are designed
specifically to address the requirements of the IEC 61508 and ISO 26262 safety standards. A
number of devices in this family are already sampling, with some in full production. The lead
product in the automotive family, the MPC564xL MCU, targets steering and braking applications
and features a dual-core architecture that can be operated in lockstep mode. The PXS20 device
is leading the way in the industrial market, targeting various industrial functional safety applications
including industrial automation and motor control."

download addressing the challenges of functional safety in the automotive and industrial markets

advenced automotive technology visions of a super efficient family car

2012-09-12T12:13:00.000-07:00

Quote from the book

"Most manufacturers OTA interviewed had similar expectations for tire rolling resistance
reduction over the next decade. The expectation was that an overall reduction of 30 percent was
feasible by 2005, resulting in normal tires with an RRC of 0.0065 (if the current average is 0.009).
Most also believed the H-rated or V-rated tires would have similar percentage reductions in
rolling resistance so that they would have RRCs of 0.009 to 0.01 by 2005. Very similar
percentage reductions in RRC for light truck tires were also expected. A 30 percent reduction in
rolling resistance can translate to a 5 percent improvement in fuel economy, if the design is
optimized for the tire. Manufacturers were unwilling (or unable) to estimate additional RRC
reductions in the post-2005 time frame, possibly owing to their unfamiliarity with tire
technologies in the research stage at this time.
These 30 percent reductions are expected to be achieved with virtually no loss in handling
properties or in traction and braking. Manufacturers suggested that some loss in ride quality may
occur because of the higher tire pressure, but this could be offset by suspension improvements or
the use of semiactive suspension systems. However, manufacturers expected noise and tire life to
be somewhat worse than those for current tires. Both of these factors are highly important--noise
may represent a special problem because the improved aerodynamics and, possibly, electric
drivetrains of advanced vehicles will reduce other sources of noise."

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Automotive 2020

2012-09-12T07:38:00.002-07:00

Quote from the book
" To determine the needs and anticipated industry response to this changing ecosystem, IBM recently conducted
interviews with 125 executives in 15 countries from a broad representation of automotive OEMs, suppliers and
influential third parties:
• Our interviews were global and comprehensive, covering 85 percent of the top auto companies worldwide
based on revenue, including all of the top 10.
• 69 percent of the interviews were with traditional participants in the industry (OEMs and suppliers).
• Other interviews were completed with:
- Industry associations
- Government economic development groups
- Specialty companies outside the traditional industry
- Academic institutions
- Other organizations that provide a viewpoint on the future of the automotive industry.
Emerging nations, such as Brazil, Russia, India and China, accounted for 27 percent of the interviews. The
synthesis of this rich repository of individual views, consolidated in this paper, provides clarity beyond the
chaos dominant in the industry today "

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Automotive Air Conditioning Training Manual

2012-09-12T07:30:00.000-07:00

Quote from the book

" Understanding heat
What is heat?
To understand just how an air conditioning system works, we must first understand the
nature of heat.
For a simple definition we may say that heat is energy. The meshing of gears, the turning of
wheels cause friction which results in heat. Combustion (fire) gives off heat. The burning of
sun radiates heat to the earth's surface.
Heat in the correct amount will provide life and comfort. Heat in either extreme - extreme to
much or to little - will be uncomfortable.
The control of temperature means the control of comfort.
Air conditioning is a method of controlling heat.
When is heat hot?
When is heat cold?
All substances contain heat. Something "feels" hot when it is warmer than our body
temperature. When something contains less heat than our bodies, we say it feels cold!
Cold is merely the removal of some heat.
Science tells us that a measurement called "Absolute Zero" is the point at which all heat is
removed from an object (approximately -273 C). Any substance above this absolute zero
temperature retains some heat.
The burning of the sun radiates heat to the earth. "

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Automotive Airbags

2012-09-12T07:24:00.001-07:00

Quote from the book

"     What is driving the growth in airbags:
   Federal regulation – first and foremost
     Public awareness
   General increase in concerns for safety
                       Development of rollover and side impact systems
   Increased sophistication of systems
                     Competitive dynamics                                              "



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automotive sensors and instrumentation

2012-09-12T07:10:00.002-07:00

Quote from the book
"
Advanced NVH test methods and analytical simulation tools are
prerequisites in today’s fast paced automotive market to ensure frontend
optimization of lowered levels of sound and vibration and
enhanced design while still maintaining a balance with fuel efficiency,
driveabilility, and system & component performance. PCB Piezotronics,
Inc. offers a complete sensor and instrumentation solution for the
measurement of NVH attributes from concept through to post
production assessment. Due to shortened product development cycles,
many automotive manufacturers and their suppliers are choosing to
consolidate NVH testing with other development activities including:
road load data acquisition, powertrain performance testing, and
calibration development, to name a few. PCB® facilitates this trend
with diverse sensor offerings in acceleration, acoustic, pressure, force,
torque, load, and strain technologies allowing an efficient test and
instrumentation strategy to capture performance and attribute
measurements."



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Automotive Transmissions Efficiently Transferring Power from Engine to Wheels

2012-09-12T06:59:00.001-07:00

Quote from the book
" The most common transmission systems that have been used for the automotive industry are manual transmission, automatic transmission, semi-automatic transmission, and continuously-variable transmission (CVT).
The first transmission invented was the manual transmission system. The driver needs to disengage the clutch (see Fig-ure 4) to disconnect the power from the engine first, select the target gear, and engage the clutch again to perform the gear change. This will chal-lenge a new driver. It always takes time for a new driver to get used to this skill"

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Building an Electric Car

2012-09-12T06:51:00.003-07:00

Quote from the book
"
                            EVs compared

- 1 moving part                          - 1000 moving parts
-low maintenance                      - regular maintenance
-90% efficient                           - 15% efficient
- heavy                                      - light
- 50-150km range                     - 400km range
- clean                                       - dirty
-renewable fuel                        - nonrenewable                    "

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Emerging Automotive Electrical Technologies

2012-09-11T12:04:00.003-07:00

Quote from the book
"Automotive electrical systems continue to grow in complexity, size and quantity. This paper will examine just
some of the emerging technologies. These range from the communication protocol Bluetooth, through X-by-wire
and starter-generator systems to a complex diagnostic tool that costs almost nothing.
Bluetooth and the Automobile
Introduction
Bluetooth1 is a standard used to connect all types of appropriately designed devices in a ‘wire free’ network.
Harald Bluetooth was king of Denmark in the late 10th century. He united Denmark and part of Norway into a
single kingdom then introduced Christianity into Denmark. His name is used for the standard to indicate how
important companies from countries such as Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway are to the communications
industry. Bluetooth is a standard that works at two levels"

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Future of Automotive Design and Materials

2012-09-11T08:58:00.001-07:00

Quote from the book
"Aerodynamics have been very important in car design since the fifties. First as a gimmick, later as a serious means for fuel efficiency. The ideal aerodynamic shape is still that of droplet, but technology has found ways of making aerodynamic shapes of much more diverse nature. Aerodynamics no longer makes all cars look alike"

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addressing the challenges of functional safety in the automotive and industrial markets

advenced automotive technology visions of a super efficient family car

Automotive 2020

Automotive Air Conditioning Training Manual

Automotive Airbags

automotive sensors and instrumentation

Automotive Transmissions Efficiently Transferring Power from Engine to Wheels

Building an Electric Car

Emerging Automotive Electrical Technologies

Future of Automotive Design and Materials