tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-66748751762795119752012-03-14T07:02:40.596-07:00Clearly explains common terms relating to: | Business and Management | Computer and Technology |Education | Finance | Research Methodology|Journalnoreply@blogger.comBlogger40125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-73904216722608485372011-09-25T07:25:00.000-07:002011-09-25T07:25:57.961-07:00

Organization development is any process or activity, based on the behavioral sciences, that, either initially or over the long term, has the potential to develop in an organizational setting enhanced knowledge, expertise, productivity, satisfaction, income, interpersonal relationships, and other desired outcomes, whether for personal or group/team gain, or for the benefit of an organization,

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-63055427831645613912011-09-25T07:03:00.000-07:002011-09-25T07:04:08.305-07:00

Career development is the process of assessing, aligning and balancing organizational and individual needs, capabilities, opportunities and   challenges   through   multiple approaches and methods. It emphasizes the person as an individual who performs, configures and adapts vari¬ous work roles. Its major intervention is self-assessment and developmental processes that affect individual and

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-84101037018538626752011-09-25T06:22:00.000-07:002011-09-25T06:23:06.039-07:00

Performance appraisal is the process of evaluating individuals in terms of their job performance. [1]. Performance appraisals are used to assess an employee's performance and provide a platform for feedback about past, current, and future performance expectations. Performance appraisal is variously called employee ratings, employee evaluation, performance review, performance evaluation, or result

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-76053831025833976952011-09-25T05:00:00.000-07:002011-09-25T05:00:45.887-07:00

Performance management is a strategic and integrated process that delivers sustained success to organizations by improving the performance of the people who work in them and by developing the capabilities of individual contributors and teams.[1] Performance management is an ongoing communication process, undertaken in partnership, between an employee and his or her immediate supervisor that

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-34529119364080622232011-09-25T03:31:00.000-07:002011-09-25T03:33:37.678-07:00

Human resources are the main resource in the organization. Organizational success is dependent on this resource. Therefore, the human resources within the organization must be managed properly. Failure to manage human resources would cause serious harm to the organization's survival. Therefore organizations should run the human resources management, as well. Human resources are the people who

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-26558720741938552622011-09-25T02:55:00.001-07:002011-09-25T02:59:39.794-07:00

Human resource development, primarily the management of integrated activities undertaken in order to increase value-added employees to enhance organizational productivity and simultaneously in order to prepare employees to perform tasks on a higher level. Human resources development, is a planned effort of organizations to enhance knowledge, skills, and abilities of employees. Human resources

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-65929328203784859762011-09-25T02:45:00.000-07:002011-09-25T02:46:40.874-07:00

Strategies according to Pearce, J.A. and Robinson R.B. (2008:6) is a large-scale plan, aiming to the future, to interact with the conditions of competition in order to achieve company goals. RW Griffin, (2004:226) suggested strategy is a comprehensive plan to achieve organizational goals. The strategy consists of corporate strategy, business, and functional. Corporate strategy describes the

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-60523072896414771782011-09-25T02:34:00.001-07:002011-09-25T02:36:07.152-07:00

Strategic planning by Hunger J.D. and Wheelen T.L. (1996:12) is the development of long-term plan for effective management of environmental opportunities and threats, seen from the strengths and weaknesses of the company. Umar, H. (2008:18) considers strategic planning is more focused on how top management determines the vision, mission, philosophy, and corporate strategy to achieve long-term

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-33933148878945848742011-09-25T01:57:00.001-07:002011-09-25T01:59:06.412-07:00

RW Griffin, (2004:226) suggested strategic management is the process of a comprehensive and sustainable management aimed to formulate and implement effective strategies. Pearce J.A. and Robinson R.B. (2008:5) view strategic management as a set of decisions and actions that result in the formulation and implementation of plans designed to achieve the goals of a company. Bateman T.S. and Snell S.A.

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-4160755509193332862011-09-25T01:01:00.000-07:002011-09-25T01:29:55.578-07:00

Litwin and Stringer (Gunbayi, 2007) suggested school climate has been defined in various ways by authors as the perceived subjective effects of the formal system, the informal style of managers, and other important environmental factors that impact on the attitudes, beliefs, values and motivation of people who work in a particular organization. Gunbayi (2007) succeeded summarize the opinions of

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-81931971054781873412011-09-22T01:19:00.000-07:002011-09-22T01:19:48.274-07:00

The Supply Chain encompasses all organizations and activities associated with the flow and transformation of goods from the raw materials stage, through to the end user, as well as the associated information flows. Material and information flows both up and down the supply chain. Supply chain management (SCM) is the integration and management of supply chain organizations and activities through

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-44759788171274027652011-09-20T22:49:00.000-07:002011-09-20T22:52:21.865-07:00

Business leaders must realize that pursuing customer satisfaction is a critical and strategic decision. It's not something an organization docs simply to satisfy a standard or win an award. It's something an organization does to slay in business. Top management must embrace this reality by acknowledging, communicating, and acting upon three basic truths: (1) customer satisfaction is the ultimate

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-7288094855048651372011-09-20T21:42:00.000-07:002011-09-20T21:53:17.590-07:00

Knowledge management (KM) is a newly emerging, interdisciplinary business model that has knowledge within the framework of an organization as its focus. It is rooted in many disciplines, including business, economics, psychology, and information management. It is the ultimate competitive advantage for today's firm. Knowledge management involves people, technology, and processes in overlapping

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-37261103617460061632011-09-20T19:34:00.000-07:002011-09-20T19:34:56.937-07:00

Organizational effectiveness is a complex multi-dimensional construct. While there are some essential criteria (e.g. maintaining financial viability) for effectiveness, organizations will differ in their overall concept of "effectiveness". They will differ in terms of the emphasis they place on factors such as: internal levels of job satisfaction; pursuit of an ethical sales policy; contribution

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-44928382648083122932011-09-20T18:49:00.000-07:002011-09-20T19:07:53.431-07:00

There are a number of different definitions of job satisfaction. One comprehensive definition is that it is a generalized attitude, resulting from many specific attitudes in three areas: (i) Specific job factors, (ii) Individual adjustment, and (iii) Group relationships. Job satisfaction is the favourableness or unfavourableness with which employees view their work. It results when there is a

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-70748898759962471172011-09-20T18:13:00.000-07:002011-09-20T18:15:05.091-07:00

Organizational culture is the systems of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization or within its sub-units, and that guides the behavior of its members. [4] Organization culture is the informal set of values, norms, and beliefs the control the way people and groups in an organization interact with each other and with people outside the organization such as customers and

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-15496330627036157302011-09-19T20:49:00.000-07:002011-09-19T20:52:51.876-07:00

According to Kujala and Ullrank (2004:48), to understand the definition of "quality culture", should be understood first the roots of quality culture, namely organizational culture, because the "quality culture", is a subset of organizational culture. Quality culture is the organization's value system that produces an environment conducive to the establishment and continuous quality improvement.

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-86767864279532630822011-09-19T17:54:00.000-07:002011-09-19T18:03:00.809-07:00

Research and Development / R & D is research methods used to produce certain products, and test the effectiveness of the product. Methods of research and development have been widely used in the fields of Natural Sciences, Pharmacy, Medicine, Engineering, and others. Almost all technology products, such as electronic equipment, motor vehicles, aircraft, ships, weapons, equipment-style medicine,

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-35721400659968344022011-09-19T17:41:00.000-07:002011-09-19T17:44:12.596-07:00

Action research is research that aims to develop the most efficient working methods, so that production costs could be reduced and organizational productivity can be increased. The study involved researchers and employees to jointly assess the weaknesses and the good work procedures, work methods, and tools used during this work and then get a new working method that is deemed most efficient. The

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-53641519386784812312011-09-18T22:00:00.001-07:002011-09-18T22:14:34.664-07:00

What is a thesis?  How to write a thesis? Etymologically the word "thesis" comes from the Greek word "Thesis", literally: a discussion, argument, argument. In French called "these". Thesis can be described into the following two characteristics. (a) The thesis as a formal paper that serves to convey a logical argument supporting a view that specific, especially solving the problem. Thesis, as

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-20805967564356646802011-09-18T18:44:00.000-07:002011-09-18T22:25:22.522-07:00

Etymologically the word dissertation is derived from the Latin: (a) "disserto", literally: discuss, explain, elaborate, (b) "dissertio", literally: the destruction, conversation, problem solving, (c) "dissertatio ", literally: the treatise, themes, term papers, essays, dissertation.[1] The dissertation can be described into the following two characteristics. (a) the dissertation as a formal paper

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-90032404994002823102011-09-18T18:22:00.000-07:002011-09-18T18:24:20.146-07:00

Organizational behavior (OB) is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness. OB is concerned with the study of what people doing an organization and how that behavior affect the performance of the organizations. OB is concerned

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-8163657300709218392011-09-18T18:03:00.000-07:002011-09-18T18:05:00.732-07:00

Basically educational leadership is that everyone responsible in the process of quality improvement at all organizational levels and units of educational institutions.  The principal is the key person to bring schools into centers of excellence in developing human resources.  The key to the educational cookie is the principal. The principal is the motivational yeast: how high the students and

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-89326586660255687582011-09-18T17:57:00.000-07:002011-09-18T18:00:39.096-07:00

Trait theories of Leadership The earliest studies of leadership tried to identify those traits .which differentiated the great persons in history form the masses [3]. Traits theories of leadership consider personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from non leaders [2]. The search for leadership traits began in the 1930s, and after nearly 300 studies, the list was narrowed

Journalnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6674875176279511975.post-5985664873384288182011-09-18T17:45:00.000-07:002011-09-18T17:49:27.300-07:00

Leadership as the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of goals [3]. Leadership is the process of influencing and supporting others to work enthusiastically toward achieving objectives. It is critical factor that helps an individual or a group indentify their goals and then motivates and assists in achieving that stated goals. The three important elements in the definition are

Journalnoreply@blogger.com