All about pharaohs

The face of king tut

noreply@blogger.com (shaberga) — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 01:47:00 +0000

More nonsense about Cleopatra's 'black' ancestry-video

noreply@blogger.com (shaberga) — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 01:09:00 +0000

The truth about Cleopatra's lethal drugs cocktail

noreply@blogger.com (shaberga) — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 01:08:00 +0000

Cleopatra expires languidly in the painting Cleopatra's Last Moments (1892) by the little-known artist D Pauvert

Cleopatra did not kill herself in 30BC by letting an asp sink its poison-laced fangs into her delicate flesh, as everyone thought. Instead she swallowed alethal of drugs — opium, hemlock and aconitum. At least, that is what Professor Christoph Schaefer of the university of Trier says. He tells a German television programme, “Back then this was a well-known mixture that led to a painless death within just a few hours, whereas the snake death could have taken days and been agonising.”
Mind you, of those three poisons, I am not sure that either aconitum or hemlock would be bring about an easeful death. Opium just sends you to sleep — into the arms of Morpheus — and in high doses shuts down respiration; that’s how you die. The other two, though, could feel extremely nasty.
Aconitum, aka wolfsbane, stimulates the heart and can kill as a result. You’d feel terrible, with palpitations, fever probably, terrible nausea and angor animi — that’s the feeling of acute anxiety and fear of death that presages actual death. Aconitum is a flower from the ranunculales (buttercup) family, and an ancient medicine. Medea used it when she attempted to murder Theseus. She mixed it in a bowl of wine. It appealed to the Romantics, or the idea of it did anyway. Keats refers to it in his Ode on Melancholy:

No, no! go not to Lethe, neither twist
Wolf’s-bane, tight-rooted, for its poisonous wine;
Nor suffer thy pale forehead to be kiss’d
By nightshade, ruby grape of Proserpine;
Make not your rosary of yew-berries,
Nor let the beetle, nor the death-moth be
Your mournful Psyche, nor the downy owl
A partner in your sorrow’s mysteries;
For shade to shade will come too drowsily,
And drown the wakeful anguish of the soul.

It’s a common misconception, which the Romantics may have encouraged inadvertently, that all these toxins kill you by sending you into a nice sleep. They don’t, usually. Most poisons that kill you do not cause you to doze pleasantly as you expire. You are likely to be wide awake, and suffering. People make this mistake today, I’m afraid to say. They take paracetamol thinking it’ll put them to sleep and instead three days later they find themselves lying in hospital in agony, dying of liver damage.
As for hemlock, this is Conium maculatum, a leafy shrub containing the neurotoxin coniine. It works similarly to curare. When Socrates took it after being condemned to death, he slowly lost sensation in his body as he died, with numbness starting in his feet and moving upwards through his legs. So Plato describes it in the Phaedo. It doesn’t sound quite as bad as aconitum, but still hardly instantaneous: plenty of time to work oneself up into a state of high anxiety.
Any one of those drugs on its would be enough to kill, in the right doses. So perhaps the Queen of the Nile was applying a “belt and braces” principle. In the same way executioners in the USA employ a barbiturate to knock out the victim, then follow up with other drugs such as potassium to stop the heart dead, even though the barbiturate would be enough to kill the patient on its own.
It’s certainly no surprise that Cleopatra was familiar with mind-bending substances. The Egyptians were keen on altering their moods with chemicals. Many cultures used chemicals extracted from plants, which I wouldn’t recommend because they’re nearly all horribly toxic and produce little discernible benefit.
Egypt, however, was in the early wave of alcohol producers, perhaps 4,000 years or more before Christ. It may have been that grapes stored in jars started fermenting by accident, someone decided to drink the juice and found themselves feeling unaccountably more cheerful than before. The ancient Egyptians also developed techniques of brewing beer by malting barley, making a mush with it, boiling it and then fermenting it. They also had a goddess of beer called Menquet, and Hathor the bull, god of wine, had his own day of devotion, a Day of Intoxication.

Printable Map of Egypt about 1450 BC + a reference map of the Nile delta.

noreply@blogger.com (shaberga) — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 01:01:00 +0000

Printable Map of Egypt about 1450 BC + a reference map of the Nile delta.

This map of ancient Egypt shows the major cities of the Dynastic period (3150 BC to 30 BC):

Here's another ancient Egypt map, this one is of the Nile river valley as seen by Piri Reis. Piri Reiss was a Turkish admiral, geographer and cartographer who lived from 1465 to 1555.

about Queen Nefertiti

noreply@blogger.com (shaberga) — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 01:00:00 +0000

Little info on Queen Nefertiti and her early life is known. There is some speculation as to her parentage. When Nefertiti married a pharaoh, akhnaton she became Queen Nefertiti Akhenaton. Although her husband also had several other wives, it is apparent from the autobiography of Queen Nefertiti found in ancient depictions that the pharaoh was completely enamored of her. It is not hard to imagine why, when even in modern times, Nefertiti is celebrated for her incomparable beauty. The couple is known to have had six daughters, although none of the daughters inherited the throne of Egypt. That role was reserved for a son born to the Pharaoh by a minor wife.

It is widely believed that Nefertiti was influential in her husband's attempts to convert the nation of Egypt from a polytheistic religion to a monotheistic religion, dedicated to the worship of the deity Aten. The number of reliefs and artwork that were eventually found bearing the likeness and info on Queen Nefertiti indicate that she was much beloved by the people of Egypt.
When a small bust of Queen Nefertiti, absent the now infamous and modern Nefertiti costume, was finally discovered in almost perfect condition the world rejoiced. The queen had long been celebrated for her beauty and now lovers of Egyptian history would be able to personally view the features of the queen up close. The statue was placed on display in Berlin and quickly became one of the most easily recognized and famous pieces of Egyptian art. For several decades the bust was enjoyed by visitors from around the world; however it would eventually become the subject of much outrage and controversy, when a Nefertiti costume was added to the bust.
The almost perfectly preserved bust reveals an extremely beautiful woman wearing a tall headdress and ornate jewelry. There is no clothing of Nefertiti traditionally included on the bust and it actually ends with the jewelry. The Egyptian public became outraged when the bust was lowered onto a supposed Nefertiti costume that consisted of little more than low cut sheer fabric. The new Nefertiti costume was considered to be vulgar by most Egyptians, who are quite conservative, and dangerous to the antique bust by many historians who were concerned for the safety of the precious artifact. There was so much controversy over the Nefertiti costume that the bust was almost immediately removed. Today the Nefertiti costume that is most remembered is the regal headdress that adorned the most beautiful woman in the world.

Queen Cleopatra of Egypt

noreply@blogger.com (shaberga) — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 00:58:00 +0000

History of Cleopatra

Queen Cleopatra of Egypt is the most well known of all the ancient egyptian queens. Cleopatra was born in Alexandria in 69 B.C. during the reign of the Ptolemy family to Ptolemy XII. Cleopatra appears to have been a popular name in the family, as her mother bore the name as well as an older sister, making the new daughter Cleopatra the Seventh, although she is rarely referred to as such. Cleopatra and her family were not Egyptian, but rather Macedonian, descended through a general of Alexander the Great. Cleopatra would become the first ruler of her family who could actually speak the Egyptian language.

Queen Cleopatra of Egypt

In keeping with ancient Egyptian tradition, Queen Cleopatra of Egypt married her then 12 year old brother. The marriage was not truly legitimate, however and considering the young age of her new husband and co-inheritor of the throne, Cleopatra rule Egypt independently and as she wished. This lasted for only three short years before Cleopatra received the same fate as her father and was exiled, along with another younger sister. Her 15 year old brother and husband remained to rule Egypt. Cleopatra escaped to Syria, however she did not intend to give up without a fight.
The events that soon followed are quite legendary. Cleopatra's brother, Ptolemy, became involved with a bitter war between Julius Caesar, and a former friend, Pompey. Ptolemy took sides with Caesar and had Pompey killed, hoping to curry favor with the Roman leader. The plan backfired on him. Julius Caesar was so enraged by the murder of Pompey; he immediately took control of the Egyptian palace and ordered Queen Cleopatra of Egypt and Ptolemy to present themselves to him.
The history of Cleopatra is one that has been the subject of novels and movies and is filled with deception, intrigue and romance. The historical biography of Cleopatra suggests she obtained the throne of Egypt through some rather violent means. When her father was briefly exiled following a rebellion, an older sister took the throne. Following their father's return and reclaim of the throne, the sister was put to death. The second of the three women in the family to carry the same name, Cleopatra VI, died around the same time as well; although the cause remains a mystery. This left Cleopatra the Seventh as the oldest child in her family, with a brother who was several years younger. About four years later, their father died and Cleopatra took control of the throne. She was only about 17 years old at the time.

Cleopatra on the terraces of Philae

Queen Cleopatra had been encamped just on the other side of the Egyptian and Syrian border. When she received the news that she was to enter Egypt and report to Caesar, she astutely realized she would be easy prey for supporters of her brother's regime. In a scene that has been replayed in countless movies, Cleopatra allowed herself to be smuggled into Egypt in a rug. The affair between Queen Cleopatra of Egypt and Caesar is thought to have begun when she was presented to him, wrapped in the rug. For more than 3 years the couple enjoyed a scandalous affair and Cleopatra gave birth to a son. Following the birth of the child, she joined Julius Caesar in Rome, but quickly departed when he was killed, fearing for her own life.
Absolute chaos ensued in theroman Empire following the assassination. One of the three men poised to take the throne of Rome, Mark Anthony ordered Cleopatra back to Rome for questioning. Once again displaying her political savvy and intelligence, Queen Cleopatra of Egypt made plans to seduce Mark Anthony. She donned the garb of Venus, the Goddess of Love and was completely successful in her attempt to seduce her would be inquisitor. Of all the costumes Egyptian Cleopatra has been portrayed in, this is the most famous. The full costume of Cleopatra, dressed as Venus, is vividly remembered when Elizabeth Taylor wore a reproduction in her famous portrayal of the queen. The film was so successful in memorializing the queen and her seductive costume, that historical Cleopatra costumes have remained popular ever since.

TUT

noreply@blogger.com (shaberga) — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 00:56:00 +0000

Image of King Tutankhamun's mask at www.argonet.co.uk/users/harts/egypt/4a_plan.htm from Mike Owen, harts@argonet.co.uk, March 2000. Email message.

King Tut’s original name was not Tut. They just called him that for short. His real name is Tutankhamun or Tutankhaten. King Tut is probably the most well known king because his tomb hadn’t been robbed like most Egyptian tombs and pyramids had when it was discovered in 1922.
Howard Carter discovered Tut’s tomb about 600 years after Tut died. Howard was on the search for Tut for ten years. Howard was going to stop searching for Tut’s tomb until one of his workers found a new door that lead to Tut’s tomb. Tut’s tomb was buried behind a layer of rubble and chips. After Tut died they had forgotten about his tomb. Cleopatra removed his name from the royal lists. That is why his tomb was not robbed as much as other tombs were.
When Tutankhaten became king he was 9 years old. He became king when his father died because he was the oldest boy. He was king for 9 years then unexpectedly died from a head injury. None of Tut’s children were still alive after Tut died, so they could not take his place in being king. Instead, Tut’s brother became king after Tuts’ death.
King Tutankhaten had 4 coffins. They were all made of wood, which was then heavily decorated on the outside with both paint and gold leaf. One of Tut’s coffins was made partly of gold. That was the coffin that they put Tut in when he died. The head of that coffin was made of pure gold decorated with stones and colored glass.
Some things that were in the tomb were foods and drinks that Tut ate and drank. There were also models of servants and guards. There were models of them because the Egyptians thought that the point of an Egyptian’s burial is to have somebody help the dead person live again for millions and millions of years. The Egyptians thought that if you carefully preserved a dead body you would also preserve their spirit (Ba & Ka) and give them everlasting life. Another thing that was in Tut’s tomb is a chest that was painted on one side. It was in his tomb because it showed Tut stepping on his enemies. A statue of the goddess Hathor was also in Tut’s tomb to watch over Tut’s body.
Tut’s tomb was not fit for a king. It was more for an official. But since Tut died at an early age he had have that tomb. The rooms were changed to make it more fit for a king, but he didn’t have a pyramid like most Egyptian rulers. Some items for Tut’s afterlife were just thrown into rooms of his tomb.
When they opened the coffin that Tut was in they found 15 rings of all sizes on his mummy fingers. He had 15 rings because that is how many times it took to wrap his hands. Tut also had 13 bracelets. They also found 415 statues of servants complete with baskets and tools.
Howard Carter was disappointed when he found out that somebody was there before him. In Tut’s tomb tomb they found a hole that lead to a room that had some things in it that represented Tut. Some of those things were tools and painted boxes. Howard soon found out that someone had robbed that room. He knew someone had robbed that room because some things were stolen. Now Howard was more mad because now he really knew that someone was already there.
They found another room that was filled with chariots. A chariot is something like a carriage that horses pull. The chariot was used for racing and in battles.

Image of Canopic Jars at http://www.dia.org/, William Peck, DIAPO.wpeck@mail.ci.detroit.mi.us, March 2000. Email message.

Howard still did not find Tut until they went back and cut a hole in the door. In the hole through the door they saw a gold door. Surely it was fit for a king. The room that they entered was painted with colorful pictures and strong letters. On the other side of the room there was another door. As Howard entered the room he was sure that no person had been there before, not even robbers. The room was Tut’s family burial room, but Tut was not there either. After looking around for a while Howard discovered another door that lead to a room with chests of solid gold that held Tut’s brain, liver, stomach, intestines, and lungs. The chests, or canopic jars, had 4 figures of the goddesses Isis, Nemphthys, Neit, and Selket.
Howard Carter finally found Tut. It was not easy, but he did it. The last coffin that they looked in was Tut’s. Dr. Doudlas Derry, another scientist, carefully unwrapped the layers of cloth that were hiding Tut. Each layer of cloth had been covered with gold and jewelry. The body was now all unwrapped.
They believe Tut was known as a mean and harsh ruler. They knew this because they saw pictures showing Tut kicking people.
The reason why archeologists know more about King Tut than they know about other kings of Egypt is because Tut’s tomb had not of been robbed when it was discovered. This lets us know a lot of information about the Ancient Egyptians.

Hatshepsut

noreply@blogger.com (shaberga) — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 00:55:00 +0000

Queen Hatshepsut was the Queen of Egypt from 1472-1458BC. She was the first female pharaoh.
Hatshepsut was the daughter of Thutmose I. She was married to her half brother Thutmose II with whom she ruled Egypt until his death in 1504BC. Hatshepsut’s husband was king for only three to four years before he died.
Hatshepsut became the person who governed the kingdom for Thutmose II’s son Thutmose III, the son of a young woman of the harem. Queen Hatshepsut made herself the young king’s assistant who would govern the kingdom. She then ordered herself crowned pharaoh and adopted a royal name limited only to kings. She also wore a fake beard because it went with the name. Traditionally kings only wore the beard.
Hatshepsut built a temple in the Vally of the Kings near Thebes. She said that she restored the damage caused by the Hyksos during their ruling of Egypt. In the temple of Thebes (Karnak) she re-designed her father's hall. At Beni- Hasan that is in middle Egypt she built a rock-cut temple known as Speos Artemidos.
Her most splendid temple was Dayr Al- Bahri that she built near the town of Thebes. It was built in about 1478 B.C. It was designed by the royal architect Senemut for Hatshepsut. The temple had three terraces connected by ramps. The landscaping had planted trees and flowers. The temple was used for a burial for Hatshepsut and her father. Hatshepsut cut another temple just for her when she was the ruler. The temple's burial chamber was built behind her old temple. She also planned to move her father’s mummy into her own tomb.
They say that when Hatshepsut was the ruler of Egypt she brought 22 years of peace of Egypt. After Hatshepsut died, Thutmose III caused her name to be erased from anyplace it could be found.

about Cleopatra - Queen of Egypt

noreply@blogger.com (shaberga) — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 00:54:00 +0000

Much of what we know about Cleopatra was written after her death when it was politically expedient to portray her as a threat to Rome and its stability. Thus, some of what we know about Cleopatra may have been exaggerated or misrepresented by those sources. Cassius Dio, one of the ancient sources that tell her story, summarizes her story as "She captivated the two greatest Romans of her day, and because of the third she destroyed herself."

Early Years

During Cleopatra's early years, her father tried to maintain his failing power in Egypt by bribing powerful Romans. Ptolemy XII was reportedly the son of a concubine instead of a royal wife.
When Ptolemy XII went to Rome in 58 BCE, his wife, Cleopatra VI Tryphaina, and his eldest daughter, Berenice IV, assumed the rulership jointly. When he returned, apparently Cleopatra VI had died, and with the help of Roman forces, Ptolemy XII regained his throne and executed Berenice. Ptolemy then married his son, about 9 years old, to his remaining daughter, Cleopatra, who was by time about eighteen.

Early Rule

Cleopatra apparently attempted to rule alone, or at least not equally with her much-younger brother. In 48 BCE, Cleopatra was pushed out of power by ministers. At the same time, Pompey -- with whom Ptolemy XII had allied himself -- appeared in Egypt, chased by forces of Julius Caesar. Pompey was assassinated by Ptolemy XIII's supporters. A sister of Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIII declared herself ruler as Arsinoe IV.

Cleopatra and Julius Caesar

Cleopatra, according to the stories, had herself delivered to Julius Caesar's presence in a rug and won his support. Ptolemy XIII died in a battle with Caesar, and Caesar restored Cleopatra to power in Egypt, along with her brother Ptolemy XIV as co-ruler.
In 46 BCE, Cleopatra named her newborn son Ptolemy Caesarion, emphasizing that this was the son of Julius Caesar. Caesar never formally accepted paternity, but he did take Cleopatra to Rome that year, also taking her sister, Arsinoe, and displaying her in Rome as a war captive. That he was already married (to Calpurnia) yet Cleopatra claimed to be his wife added to a climate in Rome that ended with Caesar's assassination in 44 BCE.
After Caesar's death, Cleopatra returned to Egypt, where her brother and co-ruler Ptolemy XIV died, probably assassinated by Cleopatra. She established her son as her co-ruler Ptolemy XV Caesarion.

Cleopatra and Marc Antony

When the next Roman military governor of the region, Marc Antony, demanded her presence -- along with that of other rulers who were controlled by Rome -- she arrived dramatically in 41 BCE, and managed to convince him of her innocence of charges about her support of Caesar's supporters in Rome, captivated his interest, and gained his support.
Antony spent a winter in Alexandria with Cleopatra (41-40 BCE), and then left. Cleopatra bore twins to Antony. He, meanwhile, went to Athens and, his wife Fulvia having died in 40 BCE, agreed to marry Octavia, the sister of his rival Octavius. They had a daughter in 39 BCE. In 37 BCE Antony returned to Antioch, Cleopatra joined him, and they went through a sort of marriage ceremony in 36 BCE. That same year, another son was born to them, Ptolemy Philadelphus.
Marc Antony formally restored to Egypt -- and Cleopatra -- territory which the Ptolemy's had lost control of, including Cyprus and part of what is now Lebanon. Cleopatra returned to Alexandria and Antony joined her in 34 BCE after military victory. He affirmed the joint rulership of Cleopatra and her son, Caesarion, recognizing Caesarion as the son of Julius Caesar.
Antony's relationship with Cleopatra -- his supposed marriage and their children, and his granting of territory to her -- was used by Octavian to raise Roman concerns over his loyalties. Antony was able to use Cleopatra's financial support to oppose Octavian in the Battle of Actium (31 BCE), but missteps -- probably attributable to Cleopatra -- led to defeat.
Cleopatra tried to get Octavian's support for her children's succession to power, but was unable to come to an agreement with him. In 30 BCE, Marc Antony killed himself, reportedly because he'd been told that Cleopatra had been killed, and when yet another attempt to keep power failed, Cleopatra killed herself.

Egypt and Cleopatra's Children After Cleopatra's Death

Egypt became a province of Rome, ending the rule of the Ptolemies. Cleopatra's children were taken to Rome. Caligula later executed Ptolemy Caesarion, and Cleopatra's other sons simply disappear from history and are assumed to have died. Cleopatra's daughter, Cleopatra Selene, married Juba, king of Numidia and Mauretania.

There were seven queens known as Cleopatra. The most well known one was the last one.
If you lived with Cleopatra, legends say she was very attractive and her personality was amazing. Cleopatra had two older sisters and one younger sister. She also had two younger brothers, Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV. In the spring in 51 B.C., Ptolemy Auletes died and left his kingdom to his 18-year-old daughter, Cleopatra, and her brother, Ptolemy XIII.
Cleopatra’s marriage was a little bit confusing and a little unusual. Cleopatra was forced to have a consort. A consort is when a girl has to marry a brother or a son, no matter what age they are. Cleopatra married her younger brother Ptolemy XIII when she was 11 years old. During Cleopatra’s marriage, Ptolemy drowned trying to escape from either a war or some people who were trying to kill him. When Ptolemy XIII died, it was the happiest time in Cleopatra’s life because she could control the entire country by herself.
After Ptolemy XIII’s death, Cleopatra married her younger brother, Ptolemy XIV. Cleopatra’s marriage with Ptolemy XIV didn’t last long because he possibly died of disease.
Cleopatra’s marriage with Mark Anthony was pretty good because she could get almost anything she wanted from him, and legends say he was very romantic. Later in Cleopatra’s life with Mark Anthony, Mark Anthony was told that Cleopatra was dead. Later a message said she was still alive. Before Mark Anthony heard the second message, he fell on top of his sword on purpose because he thought without Cleopatra there was no reason to live. He died instantly. According to Cleopatra and Mark Anthony’s wishes, they were buried together.
Not very much is known about Cleopatra’s marriage to Julius Caesar. One thing is in March of 44 B.C., Julius Caesar was outside of the Senate building in Rome when senators killed him. They thought he was a disgrace to Egypt.
When Cleopatra was the queen of Egypt she started calling herself the new Isis is the devoted mother and wife goddess. This was very disrespectful to Egypt’s goddess and was the subject of a lot of talk among Cleopatra’s fans.
When Cleopatra died in 30 B.C., it was like a new way of life in Egypt because Cleopatra was dead. Cleopatra was born in 69 B.C. and died in 30 B.C. Legends say she died because she put a cobra by her and died of poison when it bit her. Cleopatra died at the age of 39. We know so much about Cleopatra because people go down to the Mediterranean Sea and find ancient parts of Egypt that teach us about Cleopatra.

There are still a lot of things we do not know about Cleopatra, but maybe someday you’ll make a new discovery about Cleopatra or Egypt!

download The mummy 1999 movie

noreply@blogger.com (shaberga) — Sun, 14 Aug 2011 19:47:00 +0000

information about the movie

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120616/

this movie
action,comedy,horror,romanticthis movie was banned from showing in egypt

size:400mb

Download.Horror. mediafire -

download links

part1
part2
part3
part4
part5

Sakkara pyramids

noreply@blogger.com (shaberga) — Tue, 09 Aug 2011 02:14:00 +0000

Saqqara is one of the most extensive archaeological sites in Egypt! It was the cemetery for Memphis, the capital of Ancient Egypt, yet it is still one of the virgin archaeological sites, despite the fact that so much has already been found here!

The site is dominated by the Step Pyramid of King Zoser, which goes back to 2700 BC. It is one of the oldest stone structures in the world!
Sakkara is also the site of many tombs from the 1st and 2nd Dynasties. Most are made out of mud bricks, but some tombs are made of limestone, decorated with daily life scenes. When you are at Sakkara, you will notice that it is divided into:
-
Southern Sakkara, which is dominated by the step Pyramid.
-Northern Sakkara, which is dominated by the Pyramid of King Titi, and Mastaba tombs of the old kingdom.

When conducting a visit to Sakkara don't miss the following sites:
The Step Pyramid of King Zoser, and it surrounding complex:
The Pyramid of King Titi
The tomb of Mereruka and the tomb of Kagimni
The Mastaba tomb of Ti, and the tomb of Ptah-Hotep
The step pyramid
Please Note: The Pyramid has been closed to visitors for a long time, as it is deemed not safe to enter it!
It was built for King Zoser, one of the greatest Kings of the third dynasty (2721-2780 BC). Originally meant as a tomb, this Pyramid was designed and built by his great architect Imhotep. The Pyramid is built as a step Pyramid, 60m high, and consisting of 6 steps; each one built on top of each other and smaller than the one below.

Today it is considered as one of the oldest stone structures built by man, and the first time the Ancient Egyptians would attempt to use limestone. Zoser's Pyramid is entirely built of limestone, small bricks of limestone, and not of the best quality, and yet it has remained for more than 4700 years!
The Pyramid's four sides are very nearly aligned to the four cardinal points. On the northern side is the original entrance of the Pyramid.
On the north-western side you will notice a little room that is built with a gradient angle, similar to the Pyramid itself. In there was found a beautiful statue of King Zoser made of limestone, it was moved to the Egyptian museum in Cairo and replaced by a replica
The northern entrance is not used anymore, as it is very dangerous! Any people, who are allowed into the Pyramid, use another entrance that was made in the 26th Dynasty, on the southern side of the Pyramid. I have frequently been admitted, into the Pyramid, with TV crews that I have led around Sakkara but I needed special permission to do this.
When you go underneath the Pyramid, there is strange feeling that haunts you, especially when you remember that you are exploring 4,700 years of time. Down there it is a maze of little corridors and tunnels! Found in some of these tunnels more than 30, 000 jars, which were made out of several types of stone, alabaster, marble, diorite and slate.
To the southern side of the Pyramid, you will find a burial shaft, almost 28 meter deep, which is believed to be a symbolic tomb for the King, as Kings of the first three Dynasties used to build two tombs for themselves; one a real tomb and the other, a cenotaph.
The Pyramid is surrounded by a rectangular enclosure wall that measure 277m by 544m, mostly ruined today, but it was originally 10m high. You can see parts of it today.
In the southeastern part of the wall you will find the entrance to the complex, and most of what you are going to see, when you get through this door, is recently restored! You will notice at the end of the little hall that the door leads you to; there is an imitation of two doors, swung open. The entrance leads you to a colonnade that has 40 columns. Each column is attached to the wall behind, the style is called engaged columns, and they were built to ensure that they would be able to endure the heavy weight of the ceiling.

You will notice that in-between the columns a large numbers of little rooms were created; they once contained statues representing King Zoser as ruler of Upper and Lower Egypt. The long hypostyle hall leads to an open courtyard, which was used by the King, performing the rituals of the jubilee feast, called the Hep-Sed festival. One of the rituals performed by the Kings of Ancient Egypt to ensure that they are able to rule the country for the next 30 years.
To the right of this open courtyard, Imhotep built a Temple known as the Hep-Sed Temple, so that the King would be able to practice the ritual in the after life.
Behind the Temple, and further north, you will notice two buildings behind each other; they are called the northern and southern houses, where the King is supposed to host the dignitaries who have come to attend the King's ritual in the Temple, and his recognition as a King of Upper and Lower Egypt.
Next to the Step Pyramid complex, on the southern side, you will see the ruined Pyramid of King Unas, which dates back to the end of the 5th Dynasty. It was the first Pyramid that had inscriptions decorating the walls of the burial chamber! There are more than 700 incantations, which are supposed to help the dead King throughout the afterlife, and they are known as the Pyramid texts. Unfortunately the Pyramid has been closed for more than 6 years now

about King Mina or king meena

noreply@blogger.com (shaberga) — Tue, 09 Aug 2011 02:11:00 +0000

King Mina

the second king of the First Dynasty

King, "Mina" consolidated the two countries of the First Dynasty in Thebes (Luxor), He was able to unite the two countries (the two kingdoms north and south) in about 3200 BC. M, and the title of this great bounty several titles such as (the king of the Two Lands, the Thrones, South Eagle, snake north). The King, "Mina," the founder of the First Dynasty pharaohs.

origin of the name Mina
His name was mentioned in some writings of ancient Egyptian name of (Mini), name to "Meena", the name "Mina"is Christian was nicknamed by some of the saints in the past. It is strange that the word (Mini) means in ancient Egyptian, "based" or "praises", as though the Egyptians wanted to Abjloa done in his name. Some historians assert that the (Mini) act or title, not name. The language in the Coptic (Egyptian) The very name "Mina" has many synonyms including (a fixed or firm or McCain or a permanent or lasting)
creating a wall white castle.
King Mina chose a site so he could rule Egypt from this place.it is agood place surrounded by beautiful and nice trees

The first pharaoh of a unified Egypt was Mena from the Southern Egyptian city of Thinis. After conquering Northern Egypt, he is thought to have reigned for 62 years and he started the first golden age in the land - the Old Kingdom Period. Egypt, during this age, was a Negro society and there are portraits of the king with very handsome African features.
Herodotus, the excellent Greek historian of antiquity, collected other information on this king during his visit to the country: "The [Egyptian] priests said that Mên [i.e. Mena] was the first king of Egypt, and that it was he who raised the dyke which protects Memphis from the inundations of the Nile. Before his time the river flowed entirely through the sandy range of hills which skirts Egypt on the side of Libya. He, however, by banking up the river at the bend which it forms about a hundred furlongs south of Memphis, laid the ancient channel dry, while he dug a new course for the stream half-way between the two lines of hills … Besides these works, he also, the priests said, built the temple of Vulcan [i.e. Ptah] which stands within the city [i.e. in Herodotus' time], a vast edifice, very worthy of mention."
There is a famous palette associated with an Egyptian king called Narmer. Most historians believe that he is the same person as Mena. This document, exquisitely carved, shows the king wearing the White Crown of Upper Egypt and he stands with his arm raised holding a mace just about to strike an enemy. On the other side of the palette the king is seen wearing the Red Crown of Lower Egypt. He is in procession with the company of high officials. This document shows that the king has defeated the rulers of Lower Egypt. On the palette are lions with serpent-like heads intertwined symbolising unification. From this date onwards, the kings of Egypt wore the Double Crown - the White and the Red Crown combined. He was thus the first king to take the title of the "Two Ladies" referring to the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet. Finally, Mena led expeditions southeast to the mountain regions where the stone quarries stood. From here, building materials were obtained.
here are some photoes

King Menes united the two countries

Place the events of this story in the Old Testament, which he called the name of the scholars of history (Archaic period). It includes first and second families of the history of ancient Egypt. King Menes and the hero of this story is the first king in the history of the First Dynasty

By King Menes, the era of dynasties around 3200 BC, where the united Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt, and subjected the country to the rule of the common.Mina was able to Governor King of the Kingdom of the south, unification of Upper with tribal around 3200 BC. M, and the fact that Egypt's strong central government. And the title of this bounty several titles such as (the king of the Two Lands, the Thrones, South Eagle, Snake north).
And thus became the King, "Mina" founder of the first dynasty in the history of Pharaonic Egypt, but in the history of the world, wore the double crown of the kingdoms of the north and south. The reign of King Mena Egypt for sixty-two years

The name of Mina in some writings of the ancient Egyptian name) Mini (, then it is the Egyptians the name to Mena, and the name of Mina Christian name was nicknamed by some of the saints in the past. It is curious that the word (Mini) means in ancient Egyptian, "based" or "praises ", as though the Egyptians wanted to Ibgeloa done in his name. Some historians assert that) Mini (act or title, not name. The language in the Coptic (Christian) name like enamel has many synonyms, including (a fixed or firm or McCain or a permanent or lasting (
King knows "Mina" the need to build the city of medium site, can including overseeing the Upper and Lower Egypt, so he founded a new city on the western shore of the Nile place village "dead hostage to the current" in Giza Governorate, was initially castle warfare is surrounded by a fence white, sought to the owner has to protect and safeguard the Kingdom of strikes those on the left, was "Mina" has called it "a group" any beautiful harbor, and later named "Memphis" time of Greece, and then he called the Arabs, "Memphis", has become a city of "executing" the capital of the whole of Egypt in the era of the old until the end of the Sixth Dynasty.
Was recorded victories of King Mena on the Kingdom of the North and the unification of the country, in the face of the panel known as the "Panel Narmer", which was discovered in 1897, and is likely to historians that the "Narmer" is a "Mina", has found the painting in the city of "Cape", which are currentlyEgyptian Museum in Cairo, and the panel are two sides, the first side depicts King"Mina," which caught on a prisoner of the people of the north, and the crown on his headWhite, while the other side depicts the King, "Mina," which celebrates theVictory over the Kingdom of the North, wearing a red crown.

This was followed by victory by Meena, a huge development in the Egyptian civilization and the emergence of the principles of the central government, and this unit was an important factor in the rise of Pharaonic Egypt in the various aspects of life.

who was king zoser? and what have he done?.

noreply@blogger.com (shaberga) — Tue, 09 Aug 2011 01:20:00 +0000

King Zoser who was he? What time frame did he live in? What was his place in history? This is what this page will answer and give you a in site into his life

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ing Zoser lived in the Third Dynasty which lasted from 2686 BC to 2613 BC. This was the beginning of the Old Kingdom. He was born in 2667 BC and died in 2648 BC.

King Zoser's Step Pyramid of Saqqara is thought to be the first pyramid ever built in Egypt and the oldest stone building still standing in Egypt. His pyramid was built and designed by the architect Imhotep whose image is depicted on the background of this page. Before this most tombs were made of sun- dried bricks.

King Zosers large Step Pyramid showed the pharaoh's power and started the pyramid as the pre-eminent Pharaonic burial structure.

The pyramid was built in six stages or steps, it rises to a height of 204 feet. The original limestone facing is gone. Zoser's burial chamber is at the bottom of a shaft more than ninety feet under the base of the pyramid. Even in this initial form the pyramid reaches out to link man with eternity. A thirty-five acre mortuary complex contains the pyramid, a small temple, courtyards, a palace, shrines, altars, storehouses, and tombs. The complex is surrounded by an enclosing or perimeter wall. There is one entrance, a simple doorway.The beautiful form is introduced in Zoser's complex and lasts in variations throughout Egyptian architecture. This is the first true pyramid. It standardizes the shape of all pyramids to come.

photoes about king zoser

The king Zoser statue 3rd dynasty OLd Kingdom (painted lime stone 2700 B.C)

king zoser of dynasty 3

step pyramid of zoser

and you can get alot of photoes of saqqara here

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The Mortuary Complex Of King Zoser

Around 2680 BC, a precedence was set for future Egyptian architecture, as well as over all architectural design. Only a short distance to the south of the previous burial mastabas of the first and second Egyptian dynasties, the Mortuary Complex of King Zoser was constructed. Lying atop a stretch of high ground at Saqqara overlooking the city of Memphis, this complex is believed to be the first of its time to utilize new techniques in Egyptian construction, and was by far the largest and most elaborate of any tombs built before it.
Just as the burial sites before, King Zoser’s complex was built facing the Nile River to the east. A large rock wall surrounded the complex, measuring 550 by 275 meters, with the only noticeable entrance being at the southern part of the east face. When one enters the complex they then head north through the entry corridor. This hyperstyle hall is lined with two rows of half columns engaged to spur walls. These columns carry a stone ceiling cut to resemble rounded logs. After passing through a doubled number of columns at the end of the hall, one comes into a large court. This court is known as the Heb-sed court, and was presumably used for ceremonies. At the southwest corner of this court is a building of solid masonry, and to the north, in another separate court, is two temple buildings with columns carved to imitate the lotus and the papyrus plants. Just to the west of this court lay the stepped pyramid under which King Zoser’s body lay in a granite sarcophagus. This sarcophagus was originally topped with a simple stone mastaba, but was then enlarged three times. This stepped pyramid was then enlarged to the north and the west, making its final size consisting of six stages standing at 204 feet tall. The stepped pyramid concealing the burial chamber was consistent with previous burial sites however, none before had been as extravagant and contained as many additional structures as King Zoser’s complex.
The man regarded with designing this structure, Imhotep, is also considered the first known architect. The evidence found at Zoser’s complex suggests that architects held a higher place in society among the wealthy and educated Egyptians. This differed from early Mesopotamian society where the kings took credit for their burial site constructions, hence the reason for no evidence of who designed the previous structures. Along with being regarded as a magician, an astronomer, and the father of medicine by the Egyptian people, Imhotep was the first to utilize new techniques in architecture that have no apparent predecessors.
The main noticeable difference of Zoser’s complex is the fact that it was made of stone, while previous tombs utilized only mud bricks. While Zoser’s actual burial place was topped with a stepped pyramid constructed of mud brick, the rest of the buildings in the complex were constructed of local stone covered with polished limestone. This presents the idea that at this time the ancient Egyptians had begun the art of stone work, at least on a small scale. These stones were cut and carved to form flat faces and shaped like large bricks. When placed together in straight fashion, this rockwork gave the temple an exceptionally clean look, which had been seen never before.
The first known case of clerestory lighting can be found in the entry hall as well. These openings, that extended from the ceiling down the walls a few feet, were facing east towards the Nile River. In the early morning, sunlight would pour in through these windows and shafts of light would fall presumably on statues of King Zoser or possibly those of deities, creating an almost holy mood in the hall.
All of the rockwork in the complex is carved to simulate something that was previously used in construction of buildings. For instance, the roof in the entry hall was carved stone in the shape of round logs. Traces of red paint on the columns in the entry hall suggest they were to represent something made of wood, since...

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Restoration of the step pyramid of Zoser at Saqqara

The project of restoration and consolidation of the pyramid of Zoser at Saqqara is considered of the utmost importance by the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities and has been underway for several years. The network of galleries and corridors inside have been cleaned, while the sarcophagus of the king has been excavated after being buried under tons of stones fallen from the ceiling, and now a massive scaffolding enables the consolidation of the collapsed vault. Meanwhile, outside a complex work of cleaning from the sand and fixing the stones will make the structure safer.

check out here

Saving the Step Pyramid