They have both been aquitted,and their other child has been returned to them.

But what is “Rickets”,and why the couple were accused of “Shaken-Baby Syndrom”

Rickets is a softening of bones in children due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, magnesium, phosphorus or calcium, potentially leading to fractures and deformity. Rickets is among the most frequent childhood diseases in many developing countries.

The predominant cause is a vitamin D deficiency, but lack of adequate calcium in the diet may also lead to rickets (cases of severe diarrhea and vomiting may be the cause of the deficiency).

Although it can occur in adults, the majority of cases occur in children suffering from severe malnutrition, usually resulting from famine or starvation during the early stages of childhood. Osteomalacia is the term used to describe a similar condition occurring in adults, generally due to a deficiency of vitamin D.

The origin of the word “rickets” is probably from the Old English dialect word ‘wrickken’, to twist. The Greek derived word “rachitis” meaning “inflammation of the spine” was later adopted as the scientific term for rickets, due chiefly to the words’ similarity in sound.

Signs and symptoms

Bone pain or tenderness
Dental problems
Muscle weakness (rickety myopathy or “floppy baby syndrome” or “slinky baby” (such that the baby is floppy or slinky-like)
Increased tendency for fractures (easily broken bones), especially greenstick fractures
Skeletal deformity
Toddlers: Bowed legs (genu varum)
Older children: Knock-knees (genu valgum) or “windswept knees”
Cranial, pelvic, and spinal deformities (such as lumbar lordosis)
Growth disturbance
Wrist X ray Showing Changes in Rickets, mainly cupping is seen here.

Chest X ray showing changes consistent with rickets, this changed is usually referred to as Rosary beads of rickets

 
Hypocalcemia (low level of calcium in the blood)
Tetany (uncontrolled muscle spasms all over the body)
Craniotabes (soft skull)
Costochondral swelling (aka “rickety rosary” or “rachitic rosary”)
Harrison’s groove
Double malleoli sign due to metaphyseal hyperplasia

Widening of wrist

Widening of wrist raises early suspicion, it is due to metaphysial cartilage hyperplasia.

An X-ray or radiograph of an advanced sufferer from rickets tends to present in a classic way: bow legs (outward curve of long bone of the legs) and a deformed chest. Changes in the skull also occur causing a distinctive “square headed” appearance. These deformities persist into adult life if not treated. Long-term consequences include permanent bends or disfiguration of the long bones, and a curved back.

The primary cause of rickets is a vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D is required for proper calcium absorption from the gut. Sunlight, especially ultraviolet light, lets human skin cells convert Vitamin D from an inactive to active state. In the absence of vitamin D, dietary calcium is not properly absorbed, resulting in hypocalcaemia, leading to skeletal and dental deformities and neuromuscular symptoms, e.g. hyperexcitability.

Foods that contain vitamin D include butter, eggs, fish liver oils, margarine, fortified milk and juice, and oily fishes such as tuna, herring, and salmon. A rare X-linked dominant form exists called Vitamin D resistant rickets.

Cases have been reported in Britain in recent years of rickets in children of many social backgrounds caused by inability to make vitamin D because the sun’s ultraviolet light was not reaching the skin because of persistent use of strong sunblock, or too much “covering up” in sunlight, or spending too much time indoors.

Other cases have been reported among the children of some ethnic groups in which mothers avoid exposure to the sun for religious or cultural reasons, leading to a maternal shortage of vitamin D. The British Medical Journal reported in 2010 that doctors in Newcastle on Tyne saw 20 cases of rickets per year

Diet and sunlight
Cholecalciferol (D3)
Ergocalciferol (D2)

Treatment involves increasing dietary intake of calcium, phosphates and vitamin D. Exposure to ultraviolet B light (sunshine when the sun is highest in the sky), cod liver oil, halibut-liver oil, and viosterol are all sources of vitamin D.

A sufficient amount of ultraviolet B light in sunlight each day and adequate supplies of calcium and phosphorus in the diet can prevent rickets. Darker-skinned babies need to be exposed longer to the ultraviolet rays. The replacement of vitamin D has been proven to correct rickets using these methods of ultraviolet light therapy and medicine.

Recommendations are for 400 international units (IU) of vitamin D a day for infants and children. Children who do not get adequate amounts of vitamin D are at increased risk of rickets. Vitamin D is essential for allowing the body to uptake calcium for use in proper bone calcification and maintenance.

Sufficient vitamin D levels can also be achieved through dietary supplementation and/or exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is the preferred form since it is more readily absorbed than vitamin D2. Most dermatologists recommend vitamin D supplementation as an alternative to unprotected ultraviolet exposure due to the increased risk of skin cancer associated with sun exposure. Endogenous production with full body exposure to sunlight is approximately 250 µg (10,000 IU) per day.

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), all infants, including those who are exclusively breast-fed, may need Vitamin D supplementation until they start drinking at least 17 US fluid ounces (500 ml) of vitamin D-fortified milk or formula a day.

Infants with rickets often suffer bone fractures. This sometimes leads to child abuse allegations. This issue appears to be more common for solely nursing infants of black mothers, in winter in temperate climates, suffering poor nutrition and no vitamin D supplementation.  People with darker skin produce less vitamin D than those with lighter skin, for the same amount of sunlight.

Homemade Baby Food - Carrots (Photo credit: Cascadian Farm)

Broccoli and its cross section isolated on a white background. Français : Un Brocoli vu entier et coupé sur un fond blanc. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Once your Baby is past 6 months old, milk alone is just not enough. Your Baby needs solid food. In fact, between the ages of 4 to 6 months, babies should start getting used to eating solid foods.
Start with a taste of baby food. Just 1 teaspoon in the beginning. Some babies might Love these new tastes while other babies may hate it.
Don’t fret if your baby refuses these new foods. You could coax baby by adding a little milk to the baby food, so that baby is assured by the familiar taste. For a breastfed baby, add a little breast milk. For a formula fed baby, add a little formula milk to the baby food.
What you feed baby at this tender age makes a difference to his or her future tastes. Give baby greens at this young age so he or she would grow to love veggies.
Sounds far fetched?
With my Kids, that is exactly what happened.
Years ago, I was on a Health food craze and bought plenty of brocolli baby food for them when they were babies. I practically weaned them onto broccoli.
Fast forward to today. Both kids aged 6 and 7 years old, insist that every meal we have at home must include a plate of broccoli.  They love broccoli and would fight over that plate of broccoli.
Here, we have 2 kids at the age where kids are notorious for not touching their veggies, grabbing the broccoli, eyeing what is left on the plate and once we are off guard, one of them would grab the entire plate of broccoli and dump everything on his plate and finish it off. That usually means there wouldn’t be any broccoli left for us grown ups.

This is the time to get baby to eat and to appreciate carrots, spinach as well as the usual meats that yourskaSrch14 might eat. Tofu would be a great food to introduce to baby as it is soft and very Healthy. As baby gets older, a healthy porridge full of veggies and proteins would be really good.
You can find a wide variety of baby food as well as other baby products  at http://www.cheapestsale.com/health/baby.html. For convenience sake, I would buy bottled baby food for my baby. I would use a clean spoon to take out baby’s portion for 1 meal and refrigerate the rest. A microwave oven would heat up that meal nicely. Anything not consumed in 3 days would be thrown away. Don’t have a microwave oven? With that baby in tow, you will need one.

You can get it at http://www.allkitchen.info/microwave-oven.htm

.
I would also have a ready supply of dry cereal baby food. Those are really convenient as all you have to do is to add warm milk or water and baby’s meal is ready to be served.
You can also make your own baby food. For that, you need a baby food maker. Food mills you can get from http://www.babymusthaves.com/Food-Mills.htm are ideal. Just boil the veggies, then use the food mill to transform into a smooth paste. You can soften it or make it more liquid by adding breast milk or formula milk or water, whichever baby prefers.
If you need some baby food recipes, or are new to this, get the baby food kits   from  http://www.babymusthaves.com/baby-food-kits.htm. These are handy.
One thing though, baby’s immunity isn’t as strong as ours, so you have to be very careful about hygiene when you prepare the food. I would sterilize everything I can that comes into contact with baby’s food, to keep everything as sterile as possible.

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In the world of art, there is a movement called Postmodernism. If you’re not an art student, or an artist, or a professor of art, there’s really only one thing you need to know about Postmodernism. It means that you can do whatever you want. Essentially, it is a melding of things that have come before, a new take on old things. What does this have to do with Baby clothes?

Anything you want it to.

Perhaps you’re a young mother who is sick of the basic options of pink and blue, ruffled or hemmed with ribbon. Perhaps you’re on your second or third child and frustrated that the styles for your Baby haven’t changed at and you’re tired of looking at the same thing over and over again. Perhaps you just don’t feel like shopping for baby clothes once every two weeks as your infant grows into the next size that they will rapidly outgrow. In any case, there is a solution to your frustration.

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There are lots of things that are not baby clothes, but could be. Like what you ask? How about bandanas? That’s right, your baby is tiny. If teeny bopper club girls can wear bandanas as shirts, imagine how much baby can fit into one! Bandanas are great for summer time as a shirt or a diaper cover, and that can be accomplished without a bit of sewing! With a little bit of snipping and stitching, there is plenty of material for an infant sized dress or pair of pants.

Baby doll t-shirts are ideal as dresses for older infants or even toddlers. Sure, some of the writing on them may not be so “babyish,” but some of the more neutral styles would be much more dressy than you can find for the same price in baby dresses.
Taking your own worn out clothes, or just clothes you’re sick of as material to make clothing for your baby is a great way to personalize their style through your once loved clothing. It will save money and give you a little bit more space in your closet.

Do you have a t-shirt that you once loved, but that now is stretched in an unflattering manner, or perhaps has wear spots in a specific area? If so, you’re not alone! Most of the material from the t-shirt can be salvaged and made into a whole outfit for your baby to play in with a simple pattern that can be purchased for less than two dollars.

There are lots of other household items that can be used to tend to your baby. A normal sized bath towel, for example, can, in a matter of minutes be converted into a robe for your baby to wear at the beach or when just out of the bath. When the baby is an infant, just adding some accents and a hood to the towel will make a cheaper alternative to designer robes, and is a one of a kind statement that you simply can’t buy at a department store. Let your creative mind wander before you throw out those never used scraps of material and old clothes. Your wallet and your baby will thank you.

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The numerous car accidents each year that are resulting to deaths and injuries of young Children are the wrong car seat or no car seats.

The most common dilemma of most parents is choosing the best Baby car seat from among the so many variations (each with its own safety feature) that is being sold in the market. The answer to this is whatever fits the baby comfortable, fits in your car snugly and is within the budget is the best baby car seat that anyone can find.

All baby car seats, and for that matter everything that has to do with vehicular safety, has to pass. The same federal crash testing and safety measures. Baby car seats that are approved by the government has the assurance of safety, the standards is set has to be passed by all manufacturers. Needless to say, even the cheapest baby car seat sold in the market has gone through the same crash tests and will always protect the young against crashes provided these are properly installed.

Extra features are fine but these add up to the cost of the baby car seat. Higher prices do not always mean the best, as there are no “best” car baby seats. Some extra features will only be meaningful if it can be used but the car seat must fit the baby first.

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Once you have chosen a baby car seat that you like, the next item on your list is to read the manufacturer instruction manual. The most expensive and multiple featured baby car seat will not be of any use if the manufacturers manual is read thoroughly as those may have special requirements about special fitting and use.

In any event, the same rule will apply.

Children and infants that weigh below 20 lbs. should be seated facing the rear of the car. If the child is already one year old and still below the required weight limits the appropriate car baby seat must be the convertible type but the child still has to be seated facing the rear. The convertibles can be fitted to face the front, which could be a good preparation when he/she exceeds the weight limit.

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Infant-only seats are small portable seats that often are a part of a stroller system. It has three to five point harnesses and can be used for children up to 22 lbs. The seat usually comes with a detachable base for convenience as it means that you do not have to install the seat every time it is used.

Bigger baby car seats are used for older and bigger babies and are forward facing. Like the infant only car baby seat, this also comes with a five-point harness. Added feature is a padded T-Shield that is attached to the shoulder straps and a padded tray like overhead shields that that swing down around the child.

Baby car seats, no matter what the type is have one thing in common: they are all designed to protect the baby from any untoward accidents that may happen during the trip. And like safety belt that are attached on the seat of the cars to harness adult passengers, baby car seats provide security to the little ones on board.

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The breathing of a pure air is at all times, and under all circumstances, important to the health of your baby.The nursery therefore should be large, well ventilated, in an elevated part of the house, and so situated as to admit a free supply both of air and light. For the same reasons, the room in which the baby sleeps should be large, and the air frequently renewed; for nothing is so prejudicial to its health as sleeping in an impure and heated atmosphere.

The practice, therefore, of drawing thick curtains closely round the bed is highly pernicious; they only answer a useful purpose when they defend the infant from any draught of cold air.

The proper time for taking the infant into the open air must, of course, be determined by the season of the year, and the state of the weather. “A delicate infant born late in the autumn will not generally derive advantage from being carried into the open air, in this climate, till the succeeding spring; and if the rooms in which he is kept are large, often changed, and well ventilated, he will not suffer from the confinement, while he will, most probably, escape catarrhal affections, which are so often the consequence of the injudicious exposure of infants to a cold and humid atmosphere.

If, however, the child is strong and healthy, no opportunity should be lost of taking it into the open air at stated periods, experience daily proving that it has the most invigorating and vivifying influence upon the system.

Regard, however, must always be had to the state of the weather; and to a damp condition of the atmosphere the infant should never be exposed, as it is one of the most powerful exciting causes of consumptive disease.

The nurse-maid, too, should not be allowed to loiter and linger about, thus exposing the infant unnecessarily, and for an undue length of time; this is generally the source of all the evils which accrue from taking the babe into the open air.

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During infancy.

Infants are very susceptible of the impressions of cold; a proper regard, therefore, to a suitable clothing of the body, is imperative to their enjoyment of health. Unfortunately, an opinion is prevalent in society, that the tender child has naturally a great power of generating heat and resisting cold; and from this popular error has arisen the most fatal results. This opinion has been much strengthened by the insidious manner in which cold operates on the frame, the injurious effects not being always manifest during or immediately after its application, so that but too frequently the fatal result is traced to a wrong source, or the infant sinks under the action of an unknown cause.

The power of generating heat in warm-blooded animals is at its minimum at birth, and increases successively to adult age; young animals, instead of being warmer than adults, are generally a degree or two colder, and part with their heat more readily; facts which cannot be too generally known. They show how absurd must be the folly of that system of “hardening” the constitution (to which reference has been before made), which induces the parent to plunge the tender and delicate child into the cold bath at all seasons of the year, and freely expose it to the cold, cutting currents of an easterly wind, with the lightest clothing.

The principles which ought to guide a parent in clothing her infant are as follows:

The material and quantity of the clothes should be such as to preserve a sufficient proportion of warmth to the body, regulated therefore by the season of the year, and the delicacy or strength of the infant’s constitution. In effecting this, however, the parent must guard against the too common practice of enveloping the child in innumerable folds of warm clothing, and keeping it constantly confined to very hot and close rooms; thus running into the opposite extreme to that to which I have just alluded: for nothing tends so much to enfeeble the constitution, to induce disease, and render the skin highly susceptible to the impression of cold; and thus to produce those very ailments which it is the chief intention to guard against.

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In their make they should be so arranged as to put no restrictions to the free movements of all parts of the child’s body; and so loose and easy as to permit the insensible perspiration to have a free exit, instead of being confined to and absorbed by the clothes, and held in contact with the skin, till it gives rise to irritation.

In their quality they should be such as not to irritate the delicate skin of the child. In infancy, therefore, flannel is rather too rough, but is desirable as the child grows older, as it gives a gentle stimulus to the skin, and maintains health.

In its construction the dress should be so simple as to admit of being quickly put on, since dressing is irksome to the infant, causing it to cry, and exciting as much mental irritation as it is capable of feeling. Pins should be wholly dispensed with, their use being hazardous through the carelessness of nurses, and even through the ordinary movements of the infant itself.

The clothing must be changed daily. It is eminently conducive to good health that a complete change of dress should be made every day. If this is not done, washing will, in a great measure, fail in its object, especially in insuring freedom from skin diseases.

During childhood.

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The clothing of the child should possess the same properties as that of infancy. It should afford due warmth, be of such materials as do not irritate the skin, and so made as to occasion no unnatural constriction.

In reference to due warmth, it may be well again to repeat, that too little clothing is frequently productive of the most sudden attacks of active disease; and that children who are thus exposed with thin clothing in a climate so variable as ours are the frequent subjects of croup, and other dangerous affections of the air- passages and lungs.

On the other hand, it must not be forgotten, that too warm clothing is a source of disease, sometimes even of the same diseases which originate in exposure to cold, and often renders the frame more susceptible of the impressions of cold, especially of cold air taken into the lungs. Regulate the clothing, then, according to the season; resume the winter dress early; lay it aside late; for it is in spring and autumn that the vicissitudes in our climate are greatest, and congestive and inflammatory complaints most common.

With regard to material (as was before observed), the skin will at this age bear flannel next to it; and it is now not only proper, but necessary. It may be put off with advantage during the night, and cotton maybe substituted during the summer, the flannel being resumed early in the autumn. If from very great delicacy of constitution it proves too irritating to the skin, fine fleecy hosiery will in general be easily endured, and will greatly conduce to the preservation of health.

It is highly important that the clothes of the boy should be so made that no restraints shall be put on the movements of the body or limbs, nor injurious pressure made on his waist or chest. All his muscles ought to have full liberty to act, as their free exercise promotes both their growth and activity, and thus insures the regularity and efficiency of the several functions to which these muscles are subservient.

The same remarks apply with equal force to the dress of the girl; and happily, during childhood, at least, no distinction is made in this matter between the sexes. Not so, however, when the girl is about to emerge from this period of life; a system of dress is then adopted which has the most pernicious effects upon her health, and the development of the body, the employment of tight stays, which impede the free and full action of the respiratory organs, being only one of the many restrictions and injurious practices from which in latter years they are thus doomed to suffer so severely.

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What we should do?
1, Always keep the baby neat and clean.

2, Cut the nails properly with utmost care.

3, Wet nappy should be removed and parts should be cleaned with soap.

4, Take care of the genitals because fungal infection is common in that area. Parts should be kept dry.

5,Care of the scalp is very important.Fungal infections, dermatitis ect can be prevented by proper cleaning.

6,Tight dress can cause irritation, hence dress should be loose and should allow entry of air.

7,Room should have sufficient light and ventilation.It should be free from dust and insects.

8,Seperate bed preferably water proof is needed for kids .It should be arranged near mother’s bed.

9, Always keep some music making toys near the baby.

10, While carrying the baby support the head with hand.Since the neck muscles are weak sudden fall of head can be dangerous.

11, Mothers milk is the best nutrition for the baby,it also gives emotional attachment.Breast milk should be given as per the babies need preferably in mother sitting position.Proper cleaning of nipple is also necessary.Mother should take good nutritious diet throughout lactating period.

12, If there is some contraindication for breast feeding cows milk can be given.Feeding bottle should be cleaned with warm water and should be kept dry till next use.

13, Cows milk should be boiled and cooled.Some diseases like bovine tuberculosis,brucellosis ect spread through raw milk.

14, Some children are allergic to some substances like food,milk,dress,cosmetics ect.. Try to find out the material causing allergy and avoid such things.

15, Mosquito nets should be used regularly.Diseases like malaria,dengue ,filariasis,yellow fever and ect spread through mosquito bites. Mosquito bite can also produce skin eruptions with some allergic reactions.It also disturbes sound sleep.

16, A calm atmosphere should be maintained for a good sleep.Compared to adults infants need more sleep.It is said that growth hormone secretion is activated during sleep.

17, Growth developement,behavioral developement,motor developement,personal social developement,language developement ect should be noted down in relation to age.  However parents need not be over anxious because slight variations are seen from individual to individual.

18,Assessment of growth by measuring height and weight is necessary.

19, In the early months of life infant may defecate after every feed.Proper toilet training should be given when the infant grows.The infant can be placed on the toilet seat by the age of ten months.

20, The toilet seat (potty seat) should be cleaned with antiseptic liquid before and after use.It should not be shared by other children.

21, If  the baby shows some signs of distress like excessive crying,convulsions,fever with rigor,stiffness of neck,frequent vomiting and diarrhoea,bluish discolouration of the body,difficult breathing with grunting, ect pay attention and consult your doctor.

22,A first aid box should be kept in the room ,which should contain sterile cotton,dressing materials,antiseptic lotion and ointment and forceps.Seperate book should be maintained to note down the phone numbers of doctors, ambulance,police ect.

23,Child’s medicines should be kept in seperate box.Information regarding dose and mode of administration should be written in a paper and affixed on the box.

24, while driving keep the baby in seperate seat belt.

25, When you are going out with the baby keep an identity card with your phone number and address inside his small pocket.

26, When the infant starts walking always accompany him to prevent a fall and injuries thereby.

27, In emergencies take the first aid measures and take the victim to nearby hospital.

Choking :–The baby may swallow some solid objects and cause obstruction.  Immediately make the baby to lie on the abdomen in head low position and press the abdomen backwards and towards the chest.  Stroking the upper back is also useful. If no result call a trained person to take the material with the help of forceps.

Accidental poisoning:–  Try to takeout the poisonous subatance and induce vomiting (except kerosine & acids).  Wash the body with water to reduce absorption through skin.Identify the pioson and take the victim to the hospital.

Burns:–First of all remove the source of heat and put clean cold water.Burned cloaths should not be removed immediately.  Cover the wound with sterile cotton and take to nearby hospital.

Wounds :–Clean the wound with clean water and stop the bleeding by compressing,raising the wound above the level of heart or use a tourniquet to compress blood vessels.  Then dress the wound with sterile cotton and bandage and consult a doctor.

Drowning in bath tub:–Take the baby immediately and keep in head low position ,press the abdomen gentely or give a mouth to mouth sucking till the air way is clear.  Give mouth to mouth breathing and cardiac massage and take the victim to the hospital.

Electric shock:–Stop the source of current.  Then observe the victim,if no breathing give mouth to mouth breath along with cardiac massage and take to the hospital.

28, And the last but not the least, give your child maximum care, love and support to make him healthy and happy for ever.

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What we should not do?
———————-

1, Never shake the baby, it can cause damage to the brain.

2,Don’t keep any small articles near the baby .

3,Sharp pointed articles like pen, pencil, ect should not be given to kids.

4,Avoid entry of water in to the ear while giving a bath.

5,Food should not be given forcibly when the baby is crying or coughing continuously.

6,Should not overfeed the baby.

7,Articles like mosquito repellents ,moth balls,ink,gum,medicines,ect should be kept away.

8,Avoid tight cloathings.

9,Should not be placed near the edge of the bed.

10,Should not give the baby to strangers and avoid close contact with others.

11,All electrical instruments should be kept away,and bed should not be arranged near electrical sockets and wires.

12,Kitchen is a dangerous place for children.Don’t keep them alone in the kitchen.

13,Water level in the bath tub should be minimum and don’t go for any other works(to attent phone call or calling bell ect) when the  baby is in the tub.

14,Avoid smoking inside the house.

15,Should not allow pet animals to be in very close contact with the kids.(anti rabies injections should be given to pets and cut their nails properly)

16,When the child starts walking should not be kept alone on the upstairs and should not allow them to climb the steps.

17,Strong light should be avoided in the room.

18,When you are travelling don’t give the food articles given by co passengers.

19,Baby should not be allowed to crawl on the soil.

20,If you are sick or someone else is sick be away from the kids.

21,Dont take the baby to hospital wards,crowded market places and polluted dusty areas.

22,Table lamp should not be kept near the kids,this will attract insects at night and cause problems.

23,Others medicine should not be given to the children.

24,Medicine which has crossed the expiery date should not be used.

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Crying is a physiological process in the life of a baby.All normal babies cry to communicate with others.Sine they can’t express their feelings in words crying is the only way for communication. If any uncomfortable feeling comes they simply cry.Normally babies cry in situations like hunger,wetting,too heat or cold,tight cloaths,pain ect.

Some kids need the presence of somebody otherwise they will cry .Crying without any cause is habitual in some babies.  Eventhough crying is considered as normal it may worry the family members.Since the reasons for crying ranges from simple causes to serious causes it should not be ignored and the exact cause has to be identified and managed accordingly.

The following are some points which should be considered while dealing with a crying baby.

1, It is dangerous to shake the baby vigorously.

2,Tight cloaths can cause irritation hence it should be removed.

3,If the room is hot put the fan and open the windows.

4,If the nappy is wet remove it and after cleaning the parts make it dry with a soft towel.

5,Pat the baby’s back or stroke the baby’s head slowly and let the baby hear your soothing sound.

6,Give breast milk to make her quiet.

7,If the climate is cold cover the baby in a soft towel.

8,Rock the baby gently in your arms and walk slowly in the room.

9,Take a music making doll and let your baby listen.

10,Try a pacifier/dummy or help your baby.

11,If no response change her position.

12,Walk outdors with your baby.

13,Put your baby on the cradle and rock gently.

14,If no response ask somebody else to carry the baby.

Even after all these steps the baby goes on crying see for the following signs.
( Probable cause is given after every sign)

1,Press your baby’s abdomen gently,your baby may twist or resist you:—Colic

2,Pull your baby’s ear gently,your baby may become worse or push your hands away:—Earache.

3,Feel your baby’s temperature with the back of your hands:–Fever due to any infection.

4,Examine the skin from head to foot:–Eruptive disease,nappy rash,measles,vesicles,allergy ect.

5,See the nose for any discharge:–Coryza.

6,Move the head gently to feel any neck stiffness:–Meningitis,head injury ect.

7,Keep your ear near her chest to hear any rattling sound:–Increased mucus in wind pipes.
(pneumonia,bronchiolitis,asthamatic bronchitis ect)
8,Examine the anal orifice:–Anal erosion,rectal polyp,crawling of worms.

9,Examine the genitalia:–Any discharge or erosion.

10,In male baby see the testicles which may be swollen or tender:–Orchitis,torsion of testes.

11,also notice the body movements and see for any convulsions,rigors,vomiting,cough,laboured  breathing ect.

If you see the above signs or any other abnormal signs consult your doctor for proper treatement.

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As soon as possible, you should start a bedtime routine with your Baby. You can start when the Baby is six to eight weeks old, and your baby will surely reap benefits from the early routine setup.

Establishing a stipulated system will make your baby appreciable of the consistent pattern. The baby will be comfortable knowing beforehand what is it follow next. This would facilitate better and faster Sleep for your baby. Even without your presence in the house, make an attempt to maintain the routine of the baby. And when you try to settle down your baby in a new place, the routine will ease the baby.

Some Tips that you can involve in organizing the routine of the baby are giving your baby a bath, helping him to get into pajamas, telling stories, or playing a Game. Select activities that soothe the mind rather than those that excite the mind, because they would help your baby to fall asleep faster.

Keeping track of a baby by following a bedtime routine is beneficial to both the parents and the baby. At the fag end of the day, the routine gives an opportunity for the child and the Parent to create a special bond between them. Following are a few ideas worth a try:

At times you should allow the baby to let his stored energy to escape before you settle him down. Two good ways to do so are bouncing in a bouncer or on a knee or having a ride on a horse. When the excitement is done with, change into an activity that is quieting and relaxing. Follow this only when your little one goes to sleep effortlessly during bedtime, or it might be too much excitement for him.

Bath is a bedtime routine that is calming. A warm bath cleans the baby and makes him relax. You can try an aromatherapy bath by putting some scented lavender oil into the warm water. But then again if you see that your baby cannot adjust with a bath at night and feels uncomfortable and cannot go to sleep, then it would be prudent to strike it out from the list of bedtime routines.

Indulging in some quiet playing Games can bring some Fun moments to the bedtime ritual, like a floor game, stacking blocks, or peek-a-boo.

One of the most famous bedtime routine that almost all parents do is reading stories to the baby at night. This ritual has many benefits – it introduces your baby to the new world where he would grow up to be through a huge vocabulary and is a step towards acquiring skills of language.

Singing is another idea. Sing a popular song and let the process grow into a tradition in yourskaSrch14. By and by your baby will understand that when the song ends its time for him to get some shut-eye.

On the way to the bed, bid good night to inanimate objects in the house like favorite toys and other items. You can also include pets and other family members – this way your baby will get acquainted with the various things in the house and would begin to understand and identify things by their names. Leave out no stuffed toy because they would be his childhood playmates for sometime.

A host of other activities could be included in your bedtime routine. Indulge yourself and the baby with the fun methods and let them be a great time for the two of you.

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The skin on your Baby is very fragile, delicate and thin. This means the skin is very sensitive and can react easily to weather temperatures and also irritants. Irritants can come from a variety of substances but mainly through the chemicals contained in the products you use on Baby. Avoiding these chemicals can be as easy as purchasing organic products but here are 10 other alternatives for you to try.

1. Unbleached disposable nappies.

Pampers New Baby Size 1 (4-11 lbs/2-5 kg) Nappies – 2 x Economy Packs of 54 (108 Nappies)

2. Never use talc on baby.

GAIA Natural Baby Natural Baby Powder

Why?  Contamination of wounds or body cavities with talc is liable to cause granulomas. Inhalation of talc can cause respiratory irritation. Prolonged exposure to talc may produce pneumocomosis. Talc is liable to be heavily contaminated with bacteria including Clostridium tetani, CL welchii and Bacillus anthracis, hence it must be sterilized. Mardindale 31 P1096, 1745, 1407 Organic talcs are usually made with corn flour, arrowroot and white clay and are wonderfully safe and very effective for keeping baby’s skin dry.

3. Massage oils after bathing.

Burt’s Bees Baby Bee Nourishing Baby Oil

Avoid mineral based oils as they contribute to the drying of the skin when absorbed. Instead use Natural and organic oils that continue to soothe and moisturize baby’s skin. Try products that contain sweet almond oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil and chamomile, rose, lavender and mandarin essential oils. But remember to always do a test patch first and watch for any redness or irritation. Do not use if this occurs! You only need the tiniest amount of oil to massage into your baby’s skin, less than a teaspoon.

4. Natural bottom wipes.

Homemade bottom wipes can be made easily. Cut a roll of strong paper towel (Viva are great) in half. Take out the cardboard inner roll. Mix two cups of water with 1/2 cup sweet almond oil and 1/2 cup of organic baby wash. Place one half of the roll into a container and pour over 1/2 of the solution. Store in container. Or for just a wiping solution try a cup of cool chamomile tea and a teaspoon of honey mixed well. Honey is a natural antiseptic so it is great for keeping baby’s bottom germ free and will help treat existing nappy rash.

5. Soap free washing/bathing.

Huiles & Sens – Rose hydrosol certified organic – 100 ml

Newborns can be gently and easily wiped down with rose hydrosol. This is distilled water that contains healing and soothing aromatic rose extracts suitable for the most sensitive of skin types and is very economical as you only use a small amount. Older babies should be washed with organic baby washes as adult products tend to have harsher ingredients that can irritate baby’s skin. Use baby washes sparingly.

6. Washing baby’s clothes

Dri-Pak Soap Flakes 425G

Always wash baby’s clothes in pure soap flakes or a gentle skin sensitive washing solution. Do not add water softeners or conditioners as these can cause skin irritation. Dissolve the flakes in a little warm water before adding to the washing cycle. Baby’s clothes and sheets etc do not need to be disinfected, just dry in the sun.

7. Using organic baby lotion.

Weleda Baby Calendula Lotion 200ml

Organic baby lotions can be used as an alternative to massage oils and help keep baby’s skin from drying out.. However baby’s skin is sensitive so monitor the results carefully and discontinue use if any Sign of redness or irritation occurs.

8. Sanitizing cloth nappies.

Washing cloth nappies at a temperature of 65 °C or hotter and then drying them in direct sunlight should eliminate any harmful germs as the ultraviolet light has a sterilizing effect and a natural bleaching ability. Natural Nappy Soak:  Half fill a nappy bucket, then add a quarter of a cup of bicarbonate of soda and swish to dissolve, add 3 drops of lavender essential oil and 3 drops of tea Tree essential oil. Soak nappies in this overnight then wash as per normal. Add half a cup of white vinegar to the final rinse for softer nappies. Always make sure the nappy bucket lid is firmly in place, and always out of reach of children.

9. Umbilical stump Tips.

The umbilical stump must be kept clean and dry until it falls off naturally. Fold baby’s nappy below the stump so it’s exposed to the air and not to urine. Avoid bathing your baby in a bath tub until the stump falls off. Try using the hydrosol wash mentioned above. Studies have shown that leaving the stump to dry out naturally is the quickest method. Do not apply any drying agents as they can cause irritations.

10. Cradle cap care.

Dentinox Cradle Cap Baby Shampoo 125ml

Cradle cap is the result of overactive glands in your baby’s scalp and is not dangerous. It looks like a crusty patch of skin. This drying has been attributed to the hormones the mother passes to her child at Birth and can continue for several months. The gentlest and safest way to cure cradle cap is to wipe the area with sweet almond oil, leave it on for about five-ten minutes then wash baby’s scalp with an organic baby wash or shampoo. Do not leave the oil on the scalp as this will cause further dryness as the glands become ‘confused. Organic baby products that are totally safe to use on your baby are readily available online and through chemists. There really is no excuse to be using chemicals on your baby anymore!

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