All In One IT Solutions

How to install and configure FreeNAS storage system

2011-07-18T20:39:00.000-07:00

This post explains how to install and configure FreeNAS (Free Network attached Storage) Server. It is a very useful tool for sharing unix,apple and windows shares over networks. And it is very easy to install and configure too.

FreeNAS is a FreeBSD based os used for sharing storages over the network. The version we are using is 8.0. Which is based on FreeBSD 8.0

Installation:

Normally we install FreeNAS into a usb device which has size of less than 2Gb. Because if u install FreeNAS in a partition of 10gb,all those 10gb cannot be used for anythig else. So always install FreeNAS in a usb drive or a partition of less than 2Gb.

Here for testing we will install FreeNAS in a vmware instance. The specifications are given below. You will need a dhcp server installed in your network.

FreeNAS1:

RAM - 1024M
Processor - Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T6400 @2.00GHz
Hard Disk (IDE) - 2gb
Hard Disk (IDE) - 10gb
Hard Disk (IDE) - 12gb
cdrom - FreeNAS-8.0-RELEASE-i386.iso
Network adaptor-1 - (bridged)
Network adaptor-2 - (Host Only)
Display - Auto detect

Aim :

We will install and configure a FreeNAS machine with following storage shares.

We have two disks.

One of size 10Gb
One of size 12Gb

We will create two shares

One for unix systems
One for windows systems

Our shares will be as follows

/mnt/data1 type unix of size 10Gb
/mnt/data2 type windows of size 12Gb

We will do the following tasks

Mount /mnt/data1 to a Redhat Linux Enterprise Server 5 Machine IP 192.168.58.19
Mount share named "data2" to Wndows 7 machine with IP 192.168.58.78

Check the permissions :

We will check read and write permissions of both shares on mounted systems.

Check the reports :

We will check the reports of memory usage, average load etc from FreeNAS web interface.

Mounts :

We will see how to mount the linux and windows shares permanantly.

Thats it. Lets start.

Step 1:

After starting the vmware FreeNAS vm, you will be prompted as follows :

Select 1. or wait for the default one to proceed automatically or select from menu for others.
Step 2:

Select 1 and press ok to install.
Step 3:

Normally we install FreeNAS into a usb device which has size of less than 2Gb. Because if u install FreeNAS in a partition of 10gb,all those 10gb cannot be used for anythig else. So always install FreeNAS in a usb drive or a partition of less than 2Gb. So we will install FreeNAS in ada0 which is of size 2gb.

Step 4:

Press yes to proceed with installation.

Step 5:

Installation in progress. Unzipping data.

Step 6:

Installation completed.

Press ok to continue.

Step 7:

Change the settings of cdrom in vm's settings from "use iso file" to "use physical drive".

Step 8:

Start the vm.

Press F1 or wait for the default one to proceed.

Step 9:
You will be prompted again. This time for select the boot menu.

Step 10:
FreeNAS is success fully booted. The IP addresses for the Web interface will be listed.

Step 11:
Access the web interface from your favorite browser.

Step 12:
Give the credentials

Username : admin

Password : freenas

Step 13:

When you are logged in successfully, it will show System information page.

Step 14:
Now we will create storage volumes which we will use for sharing.

Select storage. You can see no volumes are defined.

Step 15:

Click on create volumes(in black box). Now a small window will pop up showing the disks in your system. We have ada1 of 10G and ada2 of 12G.

Step16:

Now we'll create a volume named data1 on our 10Gb ada1 disk. You can either use UFS or ZFS. ZFS needs more RAM. It has more functions also. Now click on add volume.

Step 17:

Now you can see volume data1 is create with path /mnt/data1. You will lose some space for writing headers.

Step 18:

We will create a storage volume data2 on the other ata2 disk of size 12G in the same manner.

Step 19:

Now we have two storage volumes. data1(/mnt/data1) and data2(/mnt/data2). We will use one for unix share and one for windows share.

Step 20:
For using these volumes as shared disks, we need to create corresponding shares. Using FreeNAS we can create there type of shares. Unix, Windows and Apple.

Now goto sharing tab(in small box). See that there is no shares defined yet.

Step 21:

Creating a Unix/Linux share: Go to the Linux tab on sharing section. Now there are no shares defined. Click on add UNIX share button to create one.

Step 22:

Now a new pop up window appears where you can define parameters for share. Comment you can give as unix(not imp). We are using our share data1 for linux. So select path to /mnt/data1. Give the IP/CIDR of the destination machine which the share to be mounted. And select other permissions according to your requirements. And click OK to create the share.

Step 23:

The unix share is created.

Step 24:

Creating a windows share.

Click on windows tab in sharing section. You can see now share is defined yet. Click on add Windows share to create one.

Step 25:

As we did for the unix share configure the windows share also. The windows share will be named as "data2" (here). We will use /mnt/data2 volume for windows share. Give browsable permissions and the destination IP details. Configure other parameters as required. Click OK to create windows share.

Step 26:

Now you can see that the windows share is created.

Step 27:

Now, we have created both the Unix and Windows shares. For accessing these shares from unix and windows machines we need to start two services. Unix/Linux shares are mounted using NFS service and Windows shares using CIFS. We need to start these services.

Step 28:

Setting Default Gateway: If you have a dhcp server in your service all your Ip's, gateway, nameservrs will be set automatically. I strongly recomments using dhcp server. Else it is complex for newbies.

Step 29:

Chaning the permissions of storage device. Goto "storage" page and in "active volumes" tab the volumes will be listed. You can change the permissions as required.

Step 30:

Now all the volumes and shares are created and defined. Now we need to mount the shares to corresponding destination system.

Mounting the Unix share. We are mounting unix share /mnt/data1 to destination system 192.168.58.19.

Execute the following command to mount.

[root@server ~]# mount 192.168.58.131:/mnt/data1 /mnt

Check whether the share is mounted or not

[root@server ~]# mount

/dev/sda2 on / type ext3 (rw)

proc on /proc type proc (rw)

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)

devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)

/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)

tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)

/dev/hdc on /media type iso9660 (ro)

none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)

sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)

192.168.58.131:/mnt/data1 on /mnt type nfs (rw,addr=192.168.58.131)

So it is mounted.

Now we will go inside the directory and check the read and write permissions.

[root@server ~]# cd /mnt/

Creating a file (write):

[root@server mnt]# touch test_writing_permission

Listing files (read):

[root@server mnt]# ls

test_writing_permission

Writing data to the file (write):

[root@server mnt]# dd if=/dev/zero of=test_writing_permission bs=1024 count=100000

100000+0 records in

100000+0 records out

102400000 bytes (102 MB) copied, 17.4445 seconds, 5.9 MB/s

Checking the size:

[root@server mnt]# du -h test_writing_permission

98M test_writing_permission

[root@server mnt]#

Everything is fine. All the permissions are working.

Step 31:

Mounting the Windows share "data2" to 192.168.58.78.

Searching the windows shares in FreeNAS system from Windows destination system.

Step 32:

Windows share is listed.

Step 33:
Mounting the windows share permanently

Right click on the data2 share and click on map network drive.

Step 34:

Select the mount point (Z here) and click finish.

Step 35:
Now the share is mounted perfectly.

Step 36:
Testing write permissions by creating a folder.

Step 37:
Testing permissions by creating a file.

Step 38:
Checking the reports :

Report1 : CPU usage, Physical Memory Usage, System load and Swap utilization

Report2: Processes, Disk space (data1) and Disk space (data 2)

Step 39:
Changing the Timezone

Step 40:

Setting nameservers. Use dhcp instead.

Thanks ,

Source : - helpinlinux.blogspot.com

How to install and configure a mail server using Postfix + Dovecot + squirrelmail in linux

2011-07-18T20:25:00.000-07:00

This post helps to install and configure a mail server with postfix as MTA[ (Mail Transfer agent), Dovecot as MDA (Mail Delivery Agent) and Squirrel mail as MUA (Mail User Agent). This is a simple basic configuration without much advanced configurations. This is tested in Redhat linux and will also work in other redhat disrtos like fedora, centos etc.

Assuming you have a configured yumserver. Else use the rpms.
#yum install postfix* dovecot* Squirrelmail*

Steps

1. Configure the DNS eg: example.com

2. Select the defalt MTA as postfix. Most systems it will be Sendmail.

#alternatives --config mta
Select postfix.

3. open the configuration file of Postfix and edit the following.

#vi /etc/postfix/main.cf
edit the following

1. my domain
2. my hostname
3. inet_interfaces

and reload the service.

4. Configure the Squirrel mail
#cd /usr/share/squirrelmail/config/

run the perl file
#./conf.pl

Give
1.Domain name
2.host name [FQDN]
3.protocol

5. Configure the dovecot
#vi /etc/dovecot.conf

protocols = imap

save it and restart the service.

#service dovecot restart
#chkconfig dovecot on

6. Add the MX entry to DNS. Dont fotget to give the priority.

7. Resolve the hostname in /etc/hosts.

8. Start the httpd [apache]

9. Thats it. you can now access the webmail through

http://example.com/webmail

Redistributing Classful Routes into OSPF as Type 1 Routes Using a Specific Metric

2011-07-14T03:08:00.000-07:00

Fig :-OSPF Routes Are Redistributed as Either Type 1 or Type 2 Routes

Routes are redistributed in OSPF as either type 1 (E1) routes or type 2 (E2) routes, with type 2 being the default. A type 1 route has a metric that is the sum of the internal OSPF cost and the external redistributed cost. A type 2 route has a metric equal only to the redistributed cost, as shown in above Figure If routes are redistributed into OSPF as type 2 then every router in the OSPF domain will see the same cost to reach the external networks. If routes are redistributed into OSPF as type 1, then the cost to reach the external networks could vary from router to router.

Modify the configuration on Router B so that the EIGRP routes are redistributed as type 1 routes.

Router B
router ospf 1
 redistribute eigrp 1 metric 66 metric-type 1

Verification

Verify that the EIGRP routes have been redistributed into OSPF as type 1 routes with a metric of 66.

rtrB#show ip ospf database external
    OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 1)
        Type-5 AS External Link States
 LS age: 149
 Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
 LS Type: AS External Link
 Link State ID: 5.0.0.0 (External Network Number )
 Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2
 LS Seq Number: 80000008
 Checksum: 0xA638
 Length: 36
 Network Mask: /8
    Metric Type: 1 (Comparable directly to link state metric)
    TOS: 0
    Metric: 66
    Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
    External Route Tag: 0
 LS age: 158
 Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
 LS Type: AS External Link
 Link State ID: 145.5.0.0 (External Network Number )
 Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2
 LS Seq Number: 80000008
 Checksum: 0x4706
 Length: 36
 Network Mask: /16
    Metric Type: 1 (Comparable directly to link state metric)
    TOS: 0
    Metric: 66
    Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
    External Route Tag: 0
 LS age: 168
 Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
 LS Type: AS External Link
 Link State ID: 205.5.5.0 (External Network Number )
 Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2
 LS Seq Number: 80000008
 Checksum: 0x10B
 Length: 36
 Network Mask: /24
    Metric Type: 1 (Comparable directly to link state metric)
    TOS: 0
    Metric: 66
    Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
    External Route Tag: 0

Verify that the cost of these routes as seen by Router A

is the sum of the redistributed metric and the OSPF cost to reach Router B.

rtrA#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
    D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
    N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
    E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
    i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
    * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
    P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
   1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C    1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0
O E1 205.5.5.0/24 [110/1628] via 10.1.1.2, 00:05:36, Serial0/1
O E1 5.0.0.0/8 [110/1628] via 10.1.1.2, 00:05:36, Serial0/1
O E1 145.5.0.0/16 [110/1628] via 10.1.1.2, 00:05:36, Serial0/1
   10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C    10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1

Thanks ,

source :-http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=27573&seqNum=4

Redistributing Classful Routes into OSPF with the Default Type and Metric

2011-07-14T02:32:00.000-07:00

By Default, OSPF Will Redistribute Only Classful Routes

In above Router B is receiving six routes from Router C via EIGRP. Three of the EIGRP routes are classful (5.0.0.0/8, 145.5.0.0/16, 205.5.5.0/24) and three are classless (6.0.0.0/12, 146.6.0.0/20, 206.6.6.0/28). Before redistributing the EIGRP routes into OSPF on Router B, configure the routers as shown in the listing that follows.

Router A
interface Loopback0
 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/1
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
 clockrate 64000
!
router ospf 1
 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
 

Router B
interface Loopback0
 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0
 ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
!
interface Serial 1
 ip address 10.1.1.5 255.255.255.252
!
router eigrp 1
 network 10.0.0.0
!
router ospf 1
 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

Router C
interface Loopback0
 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
!
interface Loopback1
 ip address 5.5.5.5 255.0.0.0
!
interface Loopback2
 ip address 6.6.6.6 255.240.0.0
!
interface Loopback3
 ip address 145.5.5.5 255.255.0.0
!
interface Loopback4
 ip address 146.6.6.6 255.255.240.0
!
interface Loopback5
 ip address 205.5.5.5 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback6
 ip address 206.6.6.6 255.255.255.240
!
interface Serial0
 ip address 10.1.1.6 255.255.255.252
!
router eigrp 1
 network 5.0.0.0
 network 6.0.0.0
 network 10.0.0.0
 network 145.5.0.0
 network 146.6.0.0
 network 205.5.5.0
 network 206.6.6.0
 no auto-summary

Verify that Routers A and B have established an OSPF neighbor relationship.

Router A
interface Loopback0
 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/1
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
 clockrate 64000
!
router ospf 1
 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

Router B
interface Loopback0
 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0
 ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
!
interface Serial 1
 ip address 10.1.1.5 255.255.255.252
!
router eigrp 1
 network 10.0.0.0
!
router ospf 1
 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

Router C
interface Loopback0
 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
!
interface Loopback1
 ip address 5.5.5.5 255.0.0.0
!
interface Loopback2
 ip address 6.6.6.6 255.240.0.0
!
interface Loopback3
 ip address 145.5.5.5 255.255.0.0
!
interface Loopback4
 ip address 146.6.6.6 255.255.240.0
!
interface Loopback5
 ip address 205.5.5.5 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback6
 ip address 206.6.6.6 255.255.255.240
!
interface Serial0
 ip address 10.1.1.6 255.255.255.252
!
router eigrp 1
 network 5.0.0.0
 network 6.0.0.0
 network 10.0.0.0
 network 145.5.0.0
 network 146.6.0.0
 network 205.5.5.0
 network 206.6.6.0
 no auto-summary

Verify that Routers A and B have established an OSPF neighbor relationship.

rtrA#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID   Pri  State      Dead Time  Address     Interface
2.2.2.2      1  FULL/ -    00:00:36  10.1.1.2    Serial0/1

Verify that Routers B and C have formed an EIGRP neighbor relationship.

rtrB#show ip eigrp neighbors
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 1
H  Address         Interface  Hold Uptime  SRTT  RTO Q Seq
                    (sec)     (ms)    Cnt Num
0  10.1.1.6        Se1      11 00:25:42 308 2280 0 4

Verify that Router B is receiving the six EIGRP routes from Router C.

rtrB#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
    D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
    N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
    E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
    i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
    U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
   2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C    2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0
D  205.5.5.0/24 [90/40640000] via 10.1.1.6, 00:26:25, Serial1
   206.6.6.0/28 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D    206.6.6.0 [90/40640000] via 10.1.1.6, 00:26:25, Serial1
D  5.0.0.0/8 [90/40640000] via 10.1.1.6, 00:26:25, Serial1
   6.0.0.0/12 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D    6.0.0.0 [90/40640000] via 10.1.1.6, 00:26:25, Serial1
D  145.5.0.0/16 [90/40640000] via 10.1.1.6, 00:26:25, Serial1
   10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C    10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0
C    10.1.1.4 is directly connected, Serial1
   146.6.0.0/20 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D    146.6.0.0 [90/40640000] via 10.1.1.6, 00:26:27, Serial1

Modify the configuration on Router B to redistribute the classful EIGRP
routes into OSPF.

router ospf 1
 redistribute eigrp 1

When the command redistribute eigrp 1 is entered, the router will give
you the following friendly reminder:

rtrB(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 1
% Only classful networks will be redistributed

Verification

Determine the routes that have been redistributed by examining the IP routing table on Router A.

rtrA#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
    D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
    N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
    E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
    i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
    * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
    P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
   1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C    1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0
O E2 205.5.5.0/24 [110/20] via 10.1.1.2, 00:33:23, Serial0/1
O E2 5.0.0.0/8 [110/20] via 10.1.1.2, 00:33:23, Serial0/1
O E2 145.5.0.0/16 [110/20] via 10.1.1.2, 00:33:23, Serial0/1
   10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C    10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1

Only the EIGRP classful routes were redistributed into OSPF. As you can see
in the routing table on Router A, EIGRP routes were redistributed as external
type 2 with a cost or metric of 20. This information can also be found by
inspecting the OSPF database on Router B.

rtrB#show ip ospf database external
    OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 1)
        Type-5 AS External Link States
 LS age: 410
 Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
 LS Type: AS External Link
 Link State ID: 5.0.0.0 (External Network Number )
 Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2
 LS Seq Number: 80000004
 Checksum: 0x642C
 Length: 36
 Network Mask: /8
    Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
    TOS: 0
    Metric: 20
    Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
    External Route Tag: 0
 LS age: 419
 Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
 LS Type: AS External Link
 Link State ID: 145.5.0.0 (External Network Number )
 Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2
 LS Seq Number: 80000004
 Checksum: 0x5F9
 Length: 36
 Network Mask: /16
    Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
    TOS: 0
    Metric: 20
    Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
    External Route Tag: 0
 LS age: 435
 Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
 LS Type: AS External Link
 Link State ID: 205.5.5.0 (External Network Number )
 Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2
 LS Seq Number: 80000004
 Checksum: 0xBEFE
 Length: 36
 Network Mask: /24
    Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
    TOS: 0
    Metric: 20
    Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
    External Route Tag: 0

Thanks ,

Prakash G C

Source :- http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=27573

Basic Cisco Commands

2011-07-13T11:15:00.000-07:00

Requirement	Cisco Command
Set a console password to cisco	Router(config)#line con 0 Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password cisco
Set a telnet password	Router(config)#line vty 0 4 Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password cisco
Stop console timing out	Router(config)#line con 0 Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
Set the enable password to cisco	Router(config)#enable password cisco
Set the enable secret password to peter. This password overrides the enable password and is encypted within the config file	Router(config)#enable secret peter
Enable an interface	Router(config-if)#no shutdown
To disable an interface	Router(config-if)#shutdown
Set the clock rate for a router with a DCE cable to 64K	Router(config-if)clock rate 64000
Set a logical bandwidth assignment of 64K to the serial interface	Router(config-if)bandwidth 64 Note that the zeroes are not missing
To add an IP address to a interface	Router(config-if)#ip addr 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
To enable RIP on all 172.16.x.y interfaces	Router(config)#router rip Router(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
Disable RIP	Router(config)#no router rip
To enable IRGP with a AS of 200, to all interfaces	Router(config)#router igrp 200 Router(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
Disable IGRP	Router(config)#no router igrp 200
Static route the remote network is 172.16.1.0, with a mask of 255.255.255.0, the next hop is 172.16.2.1, at a cost of 5 hops	Router(config)#ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1 5
Disable CDP for the whole router	Router(config)#no cdp run
Enable CDP for he whole router	Router(config)#cdp run
Disable CDP on an interface	Router(config-if)#no cdp enable

Cisco Router Show Commands

Requirement	Cisco Command
View version information	show version
View current configuration (DRAM)	show running-config
View startup configuration (NVRAM)	show startup-config
Show IOS file and flash space	show flash
Shows all logs that the router has in its memory	show log
View the interface status of interface e0	show interface e0
Overview all interfaces on the router	show ip interfaces brief
View type of serial cable on s0	show controllers 0 (note the space between the 's' and the '0')
Display a summary of connected cdp devices	show cdp neighbor
Display detailed information on all devices	show cdp entry *
Display current routing protocols	show ip protocols
Display IP routing table	show ip route
Display access lists, this includes the number of displayed matches	show access-lists
Check the router can see the ISDN switch	show isdn status
Check a Frame Relay PVC connections	show frame-relay pvc
show lmi traffic stats	show frame-relay lmi
Display the frame inverse ARP table	show frame-relay map

Cisco Router Basic Operations

Requirement	Cisco Command
Enable	Enter privileged mode
Return to user mode from privileged	disable
Exit Router	Logout or exit or quit
Recall last command	up arrow or <Ctrl-P>
Recall next command	down arrow or <Ctrl-N>
Suspend or abort	<Shift> and <Ctrl> and 6 then x
Refresh screen output	<Ctrl-R>
Compleat Command	TAB

Cisco Router Copy Commands

Requirement	Cisco Command
Save the current configuration from DRAM to NVRAM	copy running-config startup-config
Merge NVRAM configuration to DRAM	copy startup-config running-config
Copy DRAM configuration to a TFTP server	copy runing-config tftp
Merge TFTP configuration with current router configuration held in DRAM	copy tftp runing-config
Backup the IOS onto a TFTP server	copy flash tftp
Upgrade the router IOS from a TFTP server	copy tftp flash

Cisco Router Debug Commands

Requirement	Cisco Command
Enable debug for RIP	debug ip rip
Enable summary IGRP debug information	debug ip igrp events
Enable detailed IGRP debug information	debug ip igrp transactions
Debug IPX RIP	debug ipx routing activity
Debug IPX SAP	debug IPX SAP
Enable debug for CHAP or PAP	debug ppp authentication
Switch all debugging off	no debug all undebug all

Thanks,

Source :-http://networking.ringofsaturn.com/Cisco/ciscocommandguide.php
http://allinoneitsolutions.blogspot.com/

How to Install Vmware Server 2.0 on Centos 5.2

2011-07-13T05:11:00.000-07:00

ow to Install Vmware Server 2.0 on Centos 5.2 :-

1.Install Centos 5.5

2.Download Vmware Server 2.0

Download vmware server from

http://downloads.vmware.com/d/info/datacenter_downloads/vmware_server/2_0

3.Go the directory where you downloaded the file to and untar the file:-

# tar -xvzf VMware-server-2.0.0-116503.i386.tar.gz

4.Install Vmware Server 2 and Configure:-

We are going to install Vmware Server using the defaults presented. For the network we are going to configure it to use “Bridge” mode so that our Guests get and IP address on our LAN network and access our LAN network directly.

# cd vmware-server-distrib

# ./vmware-install.pl

Creating a new VMware Server installer database using the tar4 format.

Installing VMware Server.

In which directory do you want to install the binary files?

[/usr/bin]

What is the directory that contains the init directories (rc0.d/ to rc6.d/)?

[/etc/rc.d]

What is the directory that contains the init scripts?

[/etc/rc.d/init.d]

In which directory do you want to install the daemon files?

[/usr/sbin]

In which directory do you want to install the library files?

[/usr/lib/vmware]

The path "/usr/lib/vmware" does not exist currently. This program is going to

create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?

[yes]

In which directory do you want to install the manual files?

[/usr/share/man]

In which directory do you want to install the documentation files?

[/usr/share/doc/vmware]

The path "/usr/share/doc/vmware" does not exist currently. This program is

going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?

[yes]

The installation of VMware Server 2.0.0 build-116503 for Linux completed

successfully. You can decide to remove this software from your system at any

time by invoking the following command: "/usr/bin/vmware-uninstall.pl".

Before running VMware Server for the first time, you need to configure it by

invoking the following command: "/usr/bin/vmware-config.pl". Do you want this

program to invoke the command for you now? [yes]

You must read and accept the End User License Agreement to continue.

Press enter to display it..........................................

Do you accept? (yes/no) yes

Thank you.

The bld-2.6.18-8.el5-i686smp-RHEL5 - vmmon module loads perfectly into the

running kernel.

The bld-2.6.18-8.el5-i686smp-RHEL5 - vmci module loads perfectly into the

running kernel.

The bld-2.6.18-8.el5-i686smp-RHEL5 - vsock module loads perfectly into the

running kernel.Do you want networking for your virtual machines? (yes/no/help) [yes]

Configuring a bridged network for vmnet0.

Please specify a name for this network.

[Bridged]

The following bridged networks have been defined:

. vmnet0 is bridged to eth0

All your ethernet interfaces are already bridged.

Do you want to be able to use NAT networking in your virtual machines? (yes/no)

[yes] no

Do you want to be able to use host-only networking in your virtual machines?

[no] no

Please specify a port for remote connections to use [902]

Please specify a port for standard http connections to use [8222]

Please specify a port for secure http (https) connections to use [8333]

The current administrative user for VMware Server is ''. Would you like to

specify a different administrator? [no]

Using root as the VMware Server administrator.

In which directory do you want to keep your virtual machine files?

[/var/lib/vmware/Virtual Machines]

The path "/var/lib/vmware/Virtual Machines" does not exist currently. This

program is going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this

what you want? [yes]

Please enter your 20-character serial number.

Type XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX or 'Enter' to cancel: # Enter your Serial Number you got from Vmware

Creating a new VMware VIX API installer database using the tar4 format.

Installing VMware VIX API.

In which directory do you want to install the VMware VIX API binary files?

[/usr/bin]

In which directory do you want to install the VMware VIX API library files?

[/usr/lib/vmware-vix/lib]

The path "/usr/lib/vmware-vix/lib" does not exist currently. This program is

going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?

[yes]

In which directory do you want to install the VMware VIX API document pages?

[/usr/share/doc/vmware-vix]

The path "/usr/share/doc/vmware-vix" does not exist currently. This program is

going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?

[yes]

The installation of VMware VIX API 1.6.0 build-116503 for Linux completed

successfully. You can decide to remove this software from your system at any

time by invoking the following command: "/usr/bin/vmware-uninstall-vix.pl".

Enjoy,

--the VMware team

Starting VMware services:

Virtual machine monitor [ OK ]

Virtual machine communication interface [ OK ]

VM communication interface socket family: [ OK ]

Virtual ethernet [ OK ]

Bridged networking on /dev/vmnet0 [ OK ]

VMware Server Authentication Daemon (background) [ OK ]

Shared Memory Available [ OK ]

Starting VMware management services:

VMware Server Host Agent (background) [ OK ]

VMware Virtual Infrastructure Web Access

Starting VMware autostart virtual machines:

Virtual machines [ OK ]

The configuration of VMware Server 2.0.0 build-116503 for Linux for this

running kernel completed successfully.

5.Access the Administrator Console

n Vmware Server 2 the way you access the administrator console is different and now called Vmware Infrastructure Web Access. The new console is webbased and you use a browser to access it. You can access the Vmware Infrastructure Web Access with either http or https. The default http port is 8222 and the default https port is 8333.

http://127.0.0.1:8222

Thanks,

Install and Setup Zimbra in CentOS..........................

2011-07-10T10:04:00.000-07:00

Zimbra is a suite of tools for Unix/Linux/MacOS systems, which includes a secure mail server, web mail, anti-spam/anti-virus controls, a Web management interface, integrated calendaring, mobile device sync, and more. In many ways, Zimbra is the Unix equivalent to Microsoft Exchange.

The machine will need at least 1024mb of memory to run the default Zimbra services.

1) You will need to install some required packages to proceed with the setup and avoid errors further on:

wget – download utility we will be using to download the latest version of Zimbra Open Source Edition.
postfix – an open-source mail transfer agent (MTA) that routes and delivers electronic mail; installation of Zimbra will fail without this package, according to my professor
ntp – a protocol designed to synchronize the clocks of computers over a network

You can install these packages with the following command:

#yum install wget postfix ntp

2) Make sure your time and date are set correctly.

You can check time/date by running ‘date’.

If you need to change them you use the same command followed by the current time and date in the format of MMDDhhmm. So for example, if it’s currently April 30 5:55pm, the command would be:

#date 07102011

3) Another step that may be important, and that my professor always told the class to complete, is to disable SElinux due to the various errors it may cause considering its stringent security policies. To disable it, use your favorite editor (mine is nano!) and change the SELINUX value in /etc/sysconfig/selinux to the following::

#vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

Then reboot your system.

4) In addition, you may want to turn off your firewall temporarily while installing and setting up Zimbra. I will make a post later about how to configure your firewall so that Zimbra’s required ports are accessible but everything else is secured. To turn off the firewall in CentOS, run:

#service iptables stop

5) To find the latest version of Zimbra OSE, visit the following link:
http://www.zimbra.com/downloads/os-downloads.html

I will be using the 32bit x86 version,Centos 5 . Since I’m installing it on a remote machine, I’m going to use wget to download the software:

# wget http://files2.zimbra.com/downloads/7.1.1_GA/zcs-7.1.1_GA_3196.RHEL5.20110527011124.tgz

6) Extract files from the downloaded archive:

#tar -xzf zcs-7.1.1_GA_3196.RHEL5.20110527011124.tgz

7) Run the install script with a platform-override argumentand then follow the instructions by installing whatever external packages the setup tells you are required and selecting options that correspond to your configuration:

#cd zcs-7.1.1_GA_3196.RHEL5.20110527011124
#./install.sh --platform-override

Now process with your own requirements .

Thanks

source :-http://coderoman.com/2010/04/install-and-setup-zimbra-in-centos

Install and Configure Cacti monitoring tool in Ubuntu...........

2011-07-09T09:47:00.000-07:00

Cacti is a complete network graphing solution designed to harness the power of RRDTool’s data storage and graphing functionality. Cacti provides a fast poller, advanced graph templating, multiple data acquisition methods, and user management features out of the box. All of this is wrapped in an intuitive, easy to use interface that makes sense for LAN-sized installations up to complex networks with hundreds of devices.

First you need to make sure you have install Ubuntu and then you need to install the following packages :-

$sudo apt-get install php5 php5-gd php5-mysql

Install cacti using the following command :-
$sudo apt-get install cacti-spine

This will start installing cacti and prompt for some questions.

Configuring libphp-adodb option select ok Enter to Continue.

Select your webserver in this example we are using apache2 select ok Enter to Continue

Configure database for cacti select yes Enter to Continue

Enter the root password for your mysql server select ok Enter to Continue

Enter the password (cacti) for the cacti database,select ok Enter to Continue

Re-enter your password

This will complete the cacti installation.

Configuring Cacti

Now you need to point your browser http://serverip/cacti press enter.You should see similar to the following screen Click Next to Continue.

You need to select the type of installation as New Installation and click next to Continue.

Now it will check all the required paths are correct or not you can see this in the following screen here click on Finish

Now you should see the Cacti Login screen as follows

Here you need to enter username and password as admin/admin and click login

First time it will prompt you to change cacti admin user password for security reasons and click save.

You should see the following screen like below once you logged.

In the above screen Under Configuration Click settings on your right hand side click on paths.Make sure in the “Spine Poller File Path”, you have “/usr/sbin/spine”

Now you need to click on Poller Select “spine” in the “Poller Type”,click on Save.

Now you need to wait for 15 min to see your server graphs starts appearing in cacti graphs.Now your Cacti Monitoring Server is Ready

Thanks ,

Source :-http://www.ubuntugeek.com/install-and-configure-cacti-monitoring-tool-in-ubuntu-9-10-karmic-server.html

How to install Nagios Monitoring application on ubuntu 10.04 ..................

2011-07-05T23:42:00.000-07:00

Introduction
This post is intended to provide you with simple instructions on how to install Nagios from source (code) on Ubuntu and have it monitoring your local machine inside of 20 minutes.

If you follow these instructions, here’s what you’ll end up with:
Nagios and the plugins will be installed underneath /usr/local/nagios
Nagios will be configured to monitor a few aspects of your local system (CPU load, disk usage, etc.)
The Nagios web interface will be accessible at http://localhost/nagios/

Required Packages
Make sure you’ve installed the following packages on your Ubuntu installation before continuing.
apache 2.
gcc compiler and development libraries.
gd development libraries.

Preparing Your System First you need to install the following packages
$sudo apt-get install apache2 (apache installation )
$sudo apt-get install build-essential
$sudo apt-get install libgd2-xpm-dev
1) Create Account Information
Become the root user.
sudo -s
Create a new nagios user account and give it a password.
#/usr/sbin/useradd nagios
#passwd nagios
On Ubuntu server edition , you will need to also add a nagios group (it’s not created by default). You should be able to skip this step on desktop editions of Ubuntu.
#/usr/sbin/groupadd nagios
#/usr/sbin/usermod -G nagios nagios
Create a new nagcmd group for allowing external commands to be submitted through the web interface. Add both the nagios user and the apache user to the group.
#/usr/sbin/groupadd nagcmd
#/usr/sbin/usermod -G nagcmd nagios
#/usr/sbin/usermod -G nagcmd www-data
2) Download Nagios and treate a directory for storing the downloads.
#mkdir /downloads
#cd /downloads

Download the source code tarballs of both Nagios and the Nagios plugins (visit http://www.nagios.org/download/ for links to the latest versions). At the time of writing, the latest versions of Nagios and the Nagios plugins were 3.2.3 and 1.4.15, respectively.
#wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/nagios/files/nagios-3.x/nagios-3.2.3/nagios-3.2.3.tar.gz
#wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/nagiosplug/files/nagiosplug/1.4.15/nagios-plugins-1.4.15.tar.gz
3) Compile and Install Nagios
Extract the Nagios source code tarball.
#cd ~/downloads
#tar xzf nagios-3.2.3.tar.gz
#cd nagios-3.2.3
Run the Nagios configure script, passing the name of the group you created earlier like so:
#./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd
Compile the Nagios source code.
#make all
Install binaries, init script, sample config files and set permissions on the external command directory.
#make install
#make install-init
#make install-config
#make install-commandmode
Don’t start Nagios yet - there’s still more that needs to be done…
4) Customize Configuration
Sample configuration files have now been installed in the /usr/local/nagios/etc directory. These sample files should work fine for getting started with Nagios. You’ll need to make just one change before you proceed…
Edit the /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg config file with your favorite editor and change the email address associated with the nagiosadmin contact definition to the address you’d like to use for receiving alerts.
#vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg
5) Configure the Web Interface
Install the Nagios web config file in the Apache conf.d directory.
#make install-webconf
Create a nagiosadmin account for logging into the Nagios web interface. Remember the password you assign to this account - you’ll need it later.
#htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin
Restart Apache to make the new settings take effect.
#/etc/init.d/apache2 reload
6) Compile and Install the Nagios Plugins
Extract the Nagios plugins source code tarball.
#cd ~/downloads
#tar xzf nagios-plugins-1.4.15.tar.gz
#cd nagios-plugins-1.4.15
Compile and install the plugins.
#./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios
#make
#make install
7) Start Nagios
Configure Nagios to automatically start when the system boots.
#ln -s /etc/init.d/nagios /etc/rcS.d/S99nagios
Verify the sample Nagios configuration files.
#/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
If there are no errors, start Nagios.
#/etc/init.d/nagios start

Login to the Web Interface

You should now be able to access the Nagios web interface at the URL below. You’ll be prompted for the username (nagiosadmin) and password you specified earlier.
http://localhost/nagios/

Now Nagios instalation is complete .

Thanks ,

How to configure qos on cisco router?

2011-07-04T21:35:00.000-07:00

1)Here I will give examples of the application QOS at 2 locations that are connected to the network through a router.
ROUTER HQ <<===>> ROUTER CQ
Before configuring the router, we have assumption that both routers are connected properly and the traffic is delivered through both the router I divide into two classes-map.

2)Next we enter the stage configuration.
For the initial stage configuration will I do on the Router HQ, log into the router console (from telnet or ssh or console terminal). ThenconfigureQOSonthe routerlikethe examplebelow :

hostname Router-HQ
!
!
class-map match-all data
match ip precedence 3
class-map match-all voice
match ip precedence 5
!
policy-map HQ_QOS
class voice
bandwidth percent 40
set ip precedence 5
class data
bandwidth percent 45
set ip precedence 3
class class-default
fair-queue
random-detect
!
interface FastEthernet 0/0
description “Link to Local Network”
ip address 192.168.88.254 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface Serial0/1/0
description “Link Connection to HC”
ip address 172.18.18.1 255.255.255.252
service-policy output HQ_QOS
!
ip classless
ip route 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 172.18.18.2
!
end
After configuration completed, Don't forget to save the configuration we have made with command "Write memory".
Now QoS configuration is completed

Thanks ,

How to Configure NAT and PAT on a Cisco Router ...........................???????????????

2011-07-04T08:47:00.000-07:00

There are two types of NAT that can be configured on a Cisco router; static, and dynamic.

Static NAT Configuration:

This type is used when you want to do one-to-one assignment of local IP addresses to global IP addresses.

1. Establish static translation between an inside local address and an inside global address,

Router(config)#ip nat inside source static XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY

where,

XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX is the (inside) local address

YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY is the (inside) global address

2. Specify the local interface. This is done by going to the interface configuration mode and issuing,

Router(config-if)#ip nat inside

3. Specify the global address. This is done by going to the interface configuration mode and issuing,

Router(config-if)#ip nat outside

Dynamic NAT Configuration:

This type is used when you want the router to do the mapping dynamically. This method is useful when you have too many global and local addresses and you do not want to do the mapping manually, or when the number of global addresses available is less than the local addresses.

This would lead us to two different scenarios,

A. The number of global IP addresses is equal or less than the local addresses and more than one. (global >= local >1)

1. Define a pool of global addresses that would be employed in the translation,

Router(config)#ip nat pool NAME XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY netmask ZZZ.ZZZ.ZZZ.ZZZ

where,

NAME is the name of the pool

XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX is the starting IP address of the pool

YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY is the end IP address of the pool

ZZZ.ZZZ.ZZZ.ZZZ is the subnet mask of the network that the pool is part of.

2. Define the range of local addresses permitted to participate in the translation using an access-list.

Router(config)#access-list NO permit XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY

where,

NO is the number of the access-list, which is usually a standard access list

XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX is the network address of the local network or the starting IP address of the range.

YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY is the wildcard mask used to define the range

You can issue more than one access-list sentence in the same access-list to define the specific IP address range(s).

3. Associate the pool and the local range in a dynamic NAT translation command,

Router(config)#ip nat inside source list NO pool NAME [overload]

where,

NO is the number of the access list

NAME is the name of the global pool

overload This parameter MUST be used when you have global IP addresses less than local IP addresses (which is known as PAT).

4. Specify the local interface. This is done by going to the interface configuration mode and issuing,

Router(config-if)#ip nat inside

5. Specify the global address. This is done by going to the interface configuration mode and issuing,

Router(config-if)#ip nat outside

B. There is only one global IP address and a group of local IP addresses.

In this case, the only global IP address is assigned to the interface connected to the global network.

1. Define the range of local addresses permitted to participate in the translation using an access-list.

Router(config)#access-list NO permit XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY

where,

NO is the number of the access-list, which is usually a standard access list

XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX is the network address of the local network or the starting IP address of the range.

YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY is the wildcard mask used to define the range

You can issue more than one access-list sentence in the same access-list to define the specific IP address range(s).

2. Associate the pool and the local range in a dynamic NAT translation command,

Router(config)#ip nat inside source list NO interface TYPE INTNO overload

where,

NO is the number of the access list

TYPE is the type of the interface that has the global IP address (ex: serial , or Ethernet)

INTNO the number of the interface

An example of the interface type and number is serial 0, or Ethernet 0.

3. Specify the local interface. This is done by going to the interface configuration mode and issuing,

Router(config-if)#ip nat inside

4. Specify the global address. This is done by going to the interface configuration mode and issuing,

Router(config-if)#ip nat outside

Troubleshooting commands:

Router#show ip nat translation

To show the current translations preformed by NAT

Router#show ip nat static

To show the static translations of NAT

Router#debug ip nat

To watch the instantaneous interactions of NAT

Note: To disable NAT, you need to do the following steps:

1. Disable NAT on the local and global interfaces

Router(config-if)#no ip nat inside

on the local, and

Router(config-if)#no ip nat outside

on the global interface.

2. Clear the contents of the translation table,

Router#clear ip nat translations

3. Remove the NAT assignment command by preceding it with a ‘no’

4. Remove the access-list, if any.

Thanks ,

How to block skype in from cisco routers ..................................??????/

2011-07-04T08:36:00.000-07:00

NBAR configuration to drop Skype packets

class−map match−any p2p
match protocol skype

policy−map block−p2p
class p2p
drop
int FastEthernet0
description PIX−facing interface
service−policy input block−p2p

If you are unsure about the bandwidth eating applications being used in your organisation. you can access the interface connected to the Internet and configure following command

ip nbar protocol-discovery.

This will enable nbar discovery on your router.

Use following command:-

show ip nbar protocol-discovery stats bit-rate top-n 10

it will show you top 10 bandwidth eating applications being used by the users. Now you will be able to block/restrict traffic with appropriate QoS policy.

we can also use ip nbar port-map command to look for the protocol or protocol name, using a port number or numbers other than the well-known Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)-assigned) port numbers.

Usage as per cisco:-
ip nbar port-map protocol-name [tcp | udp] port-number

Up to 16 ports can be specified with this command. Port number values can range from 0 to 65535.

Thanks .

How to configure Cisco Router as a Frame Relay Switch ???

2011-07-04T07:58:00.000-07:00

Cisco routers can be configured as dedicated Frame Relay switches that act as DCE devices. On a Cisco router configured as a Frame Relay switch, frames from a Frame Relay PVC arriving on an incoming interface are switched to a Frame Relay PVC on outgoing interface. During this process, the incoming DLCI in the arriving frames is replaced by an outgoing DLCI. Frame Relay switching is performed completely in Layer 2, and the Frame Relay switch pays no attention to Layer 3 information contained within the frames. The paths taken by the switched frames are completely based on the Frame Relay route table constructed.

We use a simple example depicted in below figure with two Frame Relay access routers and a Cisco router configured as a Frame Relay switch.

Switching Using a Cisco Router

The simple Frame Relay network in Figure 4-4 shows a Cisco router configured as a Frame Relay switch with two serial interfaces set up as DCE interfaces. The Cisco router behaving as a Frame Relay switch switches Frame Relay frames received from interface serial4/3 on DLCI 403 to interface serial4/1 on the outgoing DLCI to 304. Example 4-25 shows the sample configurations for the router configured as a Frame Relay switch.

Example 4-25 Configurations for Frame Relay Switch

SW#show running-config

Building configuration...

hostname SW

frame-relay switching

interface Serial4/1

no ip address

encapsulation frame-relay

clockrate 64000

frame-relay intf-type dce

frame-relay route 304 interface Serial4/3 403

interface Serial4/3

no ip address

encapsulation frame-relay

clockrate 64000

frame-relay intf-type dce

frame-relay route 403 interface Serial4/1 304

To configure a Cisco router as a Frame Relay switch, follow the configuration steps listed below:

Step 1	Enable Frame Relay switching on the router using the command frame-relay switching in the global configuration mode.
Step 2	Go to the interface configuration mode of the Frame Relay interface where you want to configure Frame Relay switching. Configure the interface as a DCE interface with the frame-relay intf-type dce interface configuration command.
Step 3	Configure the Frame Relay switching on the interface using the frame-relay route command, specifying the incoming DLCI, the outgoing interface, and the outgoing DLCI. Note that Frame Relay switching can be configured only on physical interfaces.
Step 4	The clockrate command is required on the serial interface of the Frame Relay switch (attached with the DCE end of the serial cable). It provides clocking signals to the connected Frame Relay routers, which are set up as DTE devices.

The frame-relay route interface configuration command is used to route an incoming DLCI to an outgoing interface and corresponding outgoing DLCI.

To verify the contents of the Frame Relay route table, the show frame-relay route privileged EXEC mode command is used. Example 4-26 shows the contents of the table displayed by the show frame-relay route command.

Example 4-26 Contents of show frame-relay route Command

SW#show frame-relay route

Input Intf Input Dlci Output Intf Output Dlci Status

Serial4/1 304 Serial4/3 403 active

Serial4/3 403 Serial4/1 304 active

SW#

NOTE

Take note that the frame-relay route command must be configured in pairs on both the incoming interface and outgoing interface for the Frame Relay route to become active.

The Cisco Frame Relay switching feature can be used to support a Frame Relay network using only routers. Consider the example in Figure 4-5 in which two Cisco routers are configured as Frame Relay switches implementing a Network-to-Network Interface (NNI) between them. To enable communication between two Frame Relay switches, the NNI signaling protocol is used between them. Configuration examples involving two Frame Relay switches communicating in NNI mode are shown in Example below..

Switches Communicating with NNI Interface

Example 4-27 Configurations for the Frame Relay Switches

SW#show running-config

Building configuration...

hostname SW

frame-relay switching

interface Serial2/1

no ip address

encapsulation frame-relay

clockrate 64000

frame-relay intf-type dce

frame-relay route 100 interface Serial2/3 300

interface Serial2/3

no ip address

encapsulation frame-relay

clockrate 64000

frame-relay intf-type nni

frame-relay route 300 interface Serial2/1 100

SW2#show running-config

Building configuration...

hostname SW2

frame-relay switching

interface Serial3/1

no ip address

encapsulation frame-relay

clockrate 64000

frame-relay intf-type dce

frame-relay route 200 interface Serial3/3 300

interface Serial3/3

no ip address

encapsulation frame-relay

clockrate 64000

frame-relay intf-type nni

frame-relay route 300 interface Serial3/1 200

Now configured.............

Thanks ,

How to configure NAT(Network Address Translation) in Mikrotik ??

2011-07-02T09:32:00.000-07:00

NAT is a protocol which allows us to share internet from one or more than one IPS to share internet to internal IPs.

In Mikrotik We configure NAT as follows :-

Suppose we have 192.168.0.1/24 (Internal Private Network) .

Your RouterBoard's Ethernet interface is 192.168.1.1/24 (fixed Private Network IP i.e gateway for internal network ) .

Your RouterBoard's Wireless card is 192.168.138.131/24 (Public Network provide by provider ) .

The Access Point you connect to is 192.168.138.2/24 (Public Network gateway of our internet ) .

Then we have to configure :

1) Click on Ip > firewall > NAT

2) Click on + to add new rule :

a) Source NAT :

Ø For Source NAT click on general >chain>choose srcnat>source address(192.168.0.0/24).

Ø Click on action tab on action select src-nat.

Ø On to address give public network ip (i.e 192.168.138.131).

Ø On to ports give 0-65535 (i.e all ports )

b) Destination NAT :-

Ø For Destination Nat click on general >chain>choose dstnat>destination address (i.e 192.168.138.2 (i.e public address)

Ø Click on action tab on action select dst-nat.

Ø To address give address of local Network .(i.e 192.168.0.0/24)

Ø On to ports give 0-65535 (i.e all ports )

Now Nat is configure .

Thanks .

How to configure IP Hotspot and bandwidth shaping in mikrotik ?

2011-06-30T01:41:00.000-07:00

1) Install mikrotik OS on your System .

2) Power on the virtual machine.

3) with your username and password.(default username and password is admin and blank).

4) Login

5) to add ip address :-

a) admin@mikrotik>setup

b) enter a to add ip and gateway.

c) give Ethernet.. to configure ip. (eg ether1)

d) then type ipaddress/subnet (eg 192.168.138.131/24

e) press enter to give default gateway and type your default gateway.

f) Wan configuration is finished .

g) And add ipaddress in lan address as above in antoher Ethernet.

h) Press d to add dhcp server in lan interface .

i) Give ip address for dhcp (i.e gateway of dhcp clients) .

j) Give address give out .(i.e for dhcp client address)

k) Give dns server for address resolution .

l) Ip address is configured in both interface .

6) To view ip address configure type > ip address print command.

7) Try winbox .

8) Connect xp machine from eth 2 and try web browser to download winbox

Note : winbox is graphical tool for mikrotik configuration .

9) Windows machine gets automatically ip from dhcp.

10) Browse ip address of server and download winbox.(eg http://192.168.0.1 and click winbox to download)

11) Open winbox in connect to type server ip address (i.e 192.168.0.1) and username and password and click on connect .

12) Lets start to configure hotspot (i.e username and password verification to access internet from LAN

Ø Click on ip > Hotspot>server tab> click on hotspot setup.

Ø Give hotspot interface (i.e ether 2)

Ø Give local address of hotspot .(i.e 192.168.0.0/24) and click on masquerade. network. > next.

Ø Select certificate none .> next.

Ø Add smtp address .> next.

Ø Add dns server addess >next.

Ø Give dns server name (eg hotspot.com) > next

Ø Create hotspot user to access from lan .(username : prakash passwd : prakash)

Ø Click on next > ok

13) Go to xp and browse internet .

14) Then login page appears and login with username and passwd .

15) For bandwidth allocation IP>hotspot>server profile >general>rate limit> give bandwidth .(eg 64k/64k for 64 kb uplink and downlink)

Thanks ,

For video visit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7fCIoy7elI

How to install mikrotik Os on vmware 7 just as in real scenario (Mikrotik Part 1)

2011-06-28T02:20:00.000-07:00

Steps For installing mikrotik

1)Add two NIC in your Desktop .
2)Install Vmware 7 on your system (download from https://www.vmware.com).
3)define your network (i.e one for internet connection and another for your system ) .
4)configure your virtual interface .(start > All programes > vmware > virtual Network Editor).
5)Vmnet 0 Bridge with your internet interface and vmnet 9 with your another lan .
6)click on apply and then ok .
7)Download Mikrotik os (www.mikrotik.com).
9)click on start > All programes > vmware > vmware workstation .
10)Click on new team .
11)Then Click on Next.
12)Give the team name and location where you want to keep the vmware files.
13)Click on next.
14)Click on Add > New virtual Machine.(For Mikrotik )
15)Click on typical and click on next.
16)Browse installer Iso image of mikrotik OS.
17)Click on other and in Version click on other .
18)Give virtual Machine name (eg Mikrotik).
19)Give Harddisk size for Mikrotik (eg. 20GB).
20)Click on next and finish.
21)Then in same way to add machine of windows Xp professional .
22)Then we have to edit network interface .
23)we should have two NIC in mikrotik and 1 in Windows XP professional so add 1 NIC on Mikrotik .
24)Click on mikrotik machine and select properties.
25)Click on add > Network Adaptor > Next > Finish.
26)click on network Adaptor > Custom : specific Virtual Network > VMNet 0.
27)click on network Adaptor 2 > Custom : specific Virtual Network > VMNet 9 and click on ok .
28)Click on windows XP machine and select properties.
29)click on network Adaptor > Custom : specific Virtual Network > VMNet 9 and click on ok.
30)Click Power on This team.
31)Install windows XP .
32)To install mikrotik Boot from mikrotik iso.
33)type a to select all features of mikrotik or select to install each package,Select the package and press space.
34)Then press I to install,to keep the old configuration of mikrotik press y otherwise press N.
35)press y to erase harddisk and to proceed installation.
36)press enter to reboot.
37)the it restarts, login using username admin and blank password.

38)Watch this video in http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSFw9MO5cmA
For Further details keep on visiting,Thanks.

How to install oracle XE and compile PhP 5.2.6 and Apache 2.2 in windows xp professional ?

2011-06-27T04:47:00.000-07:00

Step Wise Execution:

1. Install Apache 2.2 Web Server

2. Download PhP 5.2.6 zip file from www.php.net and extract it to C:\php

3. Install Oracle 10G-R2 (XE)

4. Copy php5ts.dll from C:\php and paste it to C:\windows and

C:\windows\system32

5. Copy php.ini-dist from C:\php and paste it to C:\windows and rename it

as php.ini

6. Open php.ini from C:\windows and make search for oci

You will find a row called

; extension =php_oci8.dll

Uncomment this as extension=php_oci8.dll

7. In php.ini, make search for extension_dir then you will going to find a

row:

extension_dir=”./”

Here, specify the path and update it to extension_dir=”C:\php\ext”

8. Open C:\Program Files\Apache Software foundation\Apache2.2\conf

Then open httpd (text file)

Then inside the httpd file look for:

#LoadModule SSL_module modules/mod_ssl.so

Below this add a line called:

LoadModule php5_module “C:\php\php5apache2_2.dll”

9. Now in httpd file look for AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

Below this add a line called:

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

10. Now in httpd file search for index.html

You will find a row:

DirectoryIndex index.html

Change it to:

DirectoryIndex index.php index.html

11. Now save the httpd file and run the Apache 2_2 server.

In order to run Apache 2_2 server:

->Click Run and type services.msc

->Then service page will open.

->Click on Apache2.2 and run it.

12.

Open the browser and specify the IP (for eg:192.168.0.1) or domain name.

Thanks ,

How to configure Security Device Manager (SDM) in cisco router ?

2011-06-16T02:08:00.000-07:00

1) Connect router using telnet ,ssh or with console.

2) Then Enter the global configuration mode using the command .

Router(config)#enable

3) Then we have to enable http and https service in router .

Router(Config)#ip http server (i.e for http port & port no 80)

Router(Config)#ip http secure-server(i.e for https port & port no is 443)

4) Then we have to o authenticate localuser from own username and password .

Router(Config)#Ip http authentication local

5) Then we have to create local user with privilege 15 to access http and https.

Router(config)# username <username> privilege 15 password 0 <password>

i.e : Router(config)# username prakash privilege 15 password 0 cisco

6) Then we have to configure SSH and Telnet for local login and privilege level 15.

Router(config)# line vty 0 4

Router(config)# privilege level 15

Router(config)# login local

Router(config)#transport input telnet

Router(config)# transport input telnet ssh

Router(config)#exit

7) Then install SDM Launcher in your local pc and then add router address .

8) Now you are able to configure router using sdm on graphical interface .

Note : To configure in graphical mode java must me installed in local computer .

Keep on Visiting ..........

Thanks ,

Prakash Man Singh G C