ALL IN SAI EDUCATION

C IN TELUGU%ENGLISH

2011-03-13T08:37:00.000-07:00

I GOT IT FROM http://www.cintelugu.blogspot.com/
'C' language:

Friends 'C' language అనేది చాలా Easy programing language .

'C' language అనేది ఒక general-purpose కంప్యూటర్ language దీనిని

Dennis Ritchie గారు 1970 లొ Bell Telephone అనే లేబొరేటరిలో

అభివృధ్ది చేశారు

Friend's మనం 'C' language ని సులభంగా నేర్చుకోవాలి అంటే ముందు

మనం " ఆల్‌గారిధమ్"మరియు "క్రమచిత్రం(flowchart)" గురించి తేలుసుకొవాలి

ఆల్‌గారిధమ్ (ALGORITHM):
ఒక కంప్యూటర్ పై సాధన చేయడానికి మనం జారీ చేసే ఆజ్ఞల సమితిని ఒక

సోపాన క్రమవిధానాన్ని సాంకేతికంగా "ఆల్‌గారిధమ్" అంటారు

ఒక పనిని పూర్తి చేయడానికి కొన్ని సూచనలను ఒక క్రమ పధ్ధతిలొ

ఉపయోగించుకోనే విధానాన్ని "ఆల్‌గారిధమ్" అంటారు

ఆల్‌గారిధమ్ అనేది ఏ programing language కి అయిన Base వంటిది

ఆల్‌గారిధమ్(algorithm) ను కంప్యూటర్ అర్దం చేసుకొలేదు ఏందుకు అంటే ఆల్‌గారిధమ్

(algorithm) ను మనం మన సొంత బాషలో వ్రాసుకొవచ్చు

ఆల్‌గారిధమ్(algorithm) ను కంప్యూటర్ అర్దం చేసుకోవాలి అంటే దానిని మనం

కంప్యూటర్ అర్దం చేసుకునే విధంగా వ్రాయలి.

కంప్యూటర్ అర్దం చేసుకునే Languageని Programining language

(example:c,c++,java..)అంటారు

Example:
ఒక Problem తీసుకుంటే దానికి ఆల్‌గారిధమ్ ఏలా వ్రాస్తారు ఇప్పుడు చూద్దాం

Problem1:
ఇచ్చిన రెండు Number ని add చేయడం (a=2 b=3 c=a+b) ?
solution:

తెలుగులో

step1: start చేయాలి

step2:మొదటి నంబరును తీసుకోవాలి(a=2)

step3:రెండవ నంబరును తీసుకోవాలి(b=3)

step4:తర్వాత రెండు nembersని add చేయాలి

step5:తర్వాత end చేయాలి

IN ENGLISH

step1: start

step2: read first number(a=2)

step3: read second number(b=3)

step4: add above two number

step5: end

వివరణ:

మనం ఏద్తెన పనిని చేయాలి అంటే ముందు దానిని start చేయాలి.

అందుకే ప్తెన problem1 లో step1 అనేది start చేయడం.

తర్వాత steps అనేవి మనం Slove చేసే Problem మీద ఆధారపడి

ఉంటుంది.మనం ఏద్తెన పనిని start చేస్తే దానికి Ending కూడ ఉంటుంది .

అందుకే last step(step5)అనేది End చేయడం

problem 2:

ఇచ్చిన రెండు Numbers లో పెద్ద సంఖ్య కనుక్కోవడం a=2 b=3

(find the biggest number from the given two numbrs a=2 b=3)

solution:

తెలుగులో

step1: Start చేయాలి

step2: మొదటి నంబరు a=2 తీసుకోవాలి

step3: రెండవ నంబరు b=3 తీసుకోవాలి

step4: తర్వాత a>b ని సరి చూడాలి

step5: correct అయితే a అనేది పెద్ద సంఖ్య అని print చేయాలి

step6: correct కాకపోతే b అనేదిపెద్ద సంఖ్య అని print చేయాలి

step7: తర్వాత end చేయాలి

IN ENGLISH

step1: Start

step2: Read a=2

step3: Read b=3

step4: if a>b = true then

step5: display a is big go to step7

step6:   else  display b is big

 step7:end

వివరణ:

మనం ఏద్తెన పనిని చేయాలి అంటే ముందు దానిని start చేయాలి. అందుకే

ప్తెన problem1 లో step1 అనేది start చేయడం. తర్వాత step2 & step3

అనేవి Reading numbers. తర్వాత step రెండు numbers సరిచూడటం

a>b . ఇది correct అయితే next step5 లో కి వెళ్ళి a అనేది పెద్ద సంఖ్య

అని decide చేయవచ్చు .తర్వాత అది step6 కి వెళ్ళాకుండా step7 కి వెళ్ళి

end అవుతుంది. a>b correct కాకపోతే step5 కి వెళ్ళాకుండా step6 కి

వెళ్ళి b అనేది పెద్ద సంఖ్య అని decide చేయవచ్చు

ఇప్పుడు మనం"క్రమచిత్రం Flowchat" గురించి తెలుసుకుందాం

క్రమచిత్రం(FLOW CHAT):

సమస్య సాధనకు రాసిన ఆల్‌గారిధమ్ కి బోమ్మలతో కూడిన వర్ణనను

క్రమచిత్రం అనవచ్చు.

క్రమచిత్రం(flowgraph)ని వివిధ రకాల boxes మరియు symbols తో

గీయాలి చేయవలసిన పనిని (operation)box లొపల వ్రాస్తారు . మొత్తం

boxes మరియు symbols అనేవి Arrow ద్వారా connect చేయబడి

వుంటాయి .ఈ విధంగా arrow తో connect చేయడం వలన algorithm

యొక్క క్రమాన్ని మనం తేలుసుకోవచ్చు

వివరణ:మనం ఏద్తెన పనిని చేయాలి అంటే ముందు దానిని start చేయాలి. అందుకే

ప్తెన problem1 లో step1 అనేది start చేయడం. అందుకని దీనిని oval లొ

వ్రాసం .తర్వాత 2 & 3 steps అనేవి values ని తీసుకొవడం అందుకని

సమాంతచతురస్రం [parallelogram] లో వ్రాసం. తర్వాత 4 step అనేది

addition ని perform చేయడం అందుకని ధీర్ఘచతురస్రం [Rectangle]

లో వ్రాసం .తర్వాత 5 th steps అనేది output ని print చేయడం

అందుకని సమాంతచతురస్రం [parallelogram] లో వ్రాసం. మనం

ఏద్తెన పనిని start చేస్తే దానికి Ending కూడ ఉంటుంది .అందుకే last step

(step6) అనేది End చేయడం అందుకని దీనిని oval లొ వ్రాసం

వివరణ:మనం ఏద్తెన పనిని చేయాలి అంటే ముందు దానిని start చేయాలి. అందుకే

ప్తెన problem1 లో step1 అనేది start చేయడం. అందుకని దీనిని ovalలొ

వ్రాసం .తర్వాత 2 & 3 steps అనేవి values input ని తీసుకొవడం

అందుకని సమాంతచతురస్రం [parallelogram] లో వ్రాసం. తర్వాత 4

step అనేది condition ని check చేయడం అంటే ఇక్కడ మనం A పెద్దది

లేదా B పెద్దదా అని CHECK చేస్తాం అందుకని Diamond లో వ్రాసం .

తర్వాత 6 th steps అనేది output ని print చేయడం అందుకని

సమాంతచతురస్రం [parallelogram] లో వ్రాసం. మనం ఏద్తెన పనిని

start చేస్తే దానికి Ending కూడ ఉంటుంది .అందుకే last step (step7)

అనేది End చేయడం అందుకని దీనిని oval లొవ్రాసం

Wireless Networking

2011-03-11T06:43:00.001-08:00

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Computer Design

2011-03-11T06:41:00.000-08:00

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COMPUTER DEGIGN

Fix Your Own PC - Smart Computing Reference Series

2011-03-11T06:39:00.000-08:00

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How to Survive Cyber Attacks

2011-03-11T06:37:00.000-08:00

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Programming Books - 1

2011-03-11T06:34:00.001-08:00

Flash

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Java

PC Errors Solved

2011-03-11T06:33:00.000-08:00

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Upgrading and Repairing PCs

2011-03-11T06:31:00.000-08:00

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EXPERT IN C PROGRAMMING

2011-03-11T06:00:00.000-08:00

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The C Book

2011-03-11T05:58:00.001-08:00

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C Standard

2011-03-11T05:57:00.000-08:00

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LEARN ENGLISH FOR LIFE

2011-03-11T05:54:00.000-08:00

English for Life Beginner: Student's Book by Tom Hutchinson
Publisher: Oxford University Press | 2007 | English | ISBN: 0194307255 | PDF | 128 pages | 8,71 MB

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SECRECTS OF ORACLE DATABASE

2011-03-11T05:48:00.000-08:00

A secret of the Oracle Database is the definitive guide to undocumented and partially documented features of the Oracle database server. Covering useful but little–known features from Oracle9i Database through Oracle Database 11g, this book will improve your efficiency as an Oracle database administrator or developer. Norbert Debus shines the light of day on features that help you master more difficult administrative, tuning, and troubleshooting tasks than you ever thought possible.

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1000 PHOTOSHOP TECHNIQUES

2011-03-11T05:45:00.000-08:00

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2011-03-07T19:36:00.000-08:00

Paritala Ravindra was one of the most adored lord of Rayalaseema region in Andhra Pradesh. He was elected as M.L.A for five times from Penukonda constituency in Anantapur district. He was slain by his political rivals in 2005 because of a vandetta. He was one of the most controversial persons in the history of Andhra Pradesh politics. A 1998 report prepared by the Andhra Pradesh Civil Liberties Committee on Paritala Ravi, a former naxalite, says: "The entire district kneels down before him. Everyone is afraid of him. From 1994, even the political scenario (in Anantapur district) has undergone a change

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2011-03-07T19:31:00.000-08:00

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Wrox.C.Sharp.2005.Programmers.Reference.Nov.2006

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Introduction to the Design and Analysis of Algorithms

2011-03-06T19:16:00.000-08:00

Based on a new classification of algorithm design techniques and a clear delineation of analysis methods, Introduction to the Design and Analysis of Algorithms presents the subject in a truly innovative manner. Written in a reader-friendly style, the book encourages broad problem-solving skills while thoroughly covering the material required for introductory algorithms. The author emphasizes conceptual understanding before the introduction of the formal treatment of each technique. Popular puzzles are used to motivate readers’ interest and strengthen their skills in algorithmic problem solving. Other enhancement features include chapter summaries, hints to the exercises, and a solution manual. For those interested in learning more about algorithms.

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Desktop Engineering - March 2011

2011-03-06T19:05:00.000-08:00

Desktop Engineering - March 2011
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Nitrous oxide

2011-03-06T18:38:00.000-08:00

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or sweet air,is a chemical compound with the formula N₂O. It is an oxide of nitrogen. At room temperature, it is a colorless non-flammable gas, with a slightly sweet odor and taste. It is used in surgery and dentistry for its anesthetic and analgesic effects. It is known as "laughing gas" due to the euphoric effects of inhaling it, a property that has led to its recreational use as a dissociative anesthetic. It is also used as an oxidizer in rocketry and in motor racing to increase the power output of engines. At elevated temperatures, nitrous oxide is a powerful oxidizer similar to molecular oxygen.
Nitrous oxide gives rise to NO on reaction with oxygen atoms, and this NO in turn reacts with ozone. As a result, it is the main naturally occurring regulator of stratospheric ozone. It is also a major greenhouse gas and air pollutant. Considered over a 100 year period, it has 298 times more impact per unit weight than carbon dioxide.

Production

Nitrous oxide production

Nitrous oxide is most commonly prepared by careful heating of ammonium nitrate, which decomposes into nitrous oxide and water vapor. The addition of various phosphates favors formation of a purer gas at slightly lower temperatures. One of the earliest commercial producers was George Poe in Trenton, New Jersey.

NH₄NO₃ (s) → 2 H₂O (g) + N₂O (g)

This reaction occurs between 170 and 240 °C, temperatures where ammonium nitrate is a moderately sensitive explosive and a very powerful oxidizer. Above 240 °C the exothermic reaction may accelerate to the point of detonation, so the mixture must be cooled to avoid such a disaster. Superheated steam is used to reach reaction temperature in some turnkey production plants.

Downstream, the hot, corrosive mixture of gases must be cooled to condense the steam, and filtered to remove higher oxides of nitrogen. Ammonium nitrate smoke, as an extremely persistent colloid, will also have to be removed. The cleanup is often done in a train of 3 gas washes; namely base, acid and base again. Any significant amounts of nitric oxide (NO) may not necessarily be absorbed directly by the base (sodium hydroxide) washes.
The nitric oxide impurity is sometimes chelated out with ferrous sulfate, reduced with iron metal, or oxidised and absorbed in base as a higher oxide. The first base wash may (or may not) react out much of the ammonium nitrate smoke. However, this reaction generates ammonia gas, which may have to be absorbed in the acid wash.

Speech-Controlled Arduino Robot

2011-03-05T19:36:00.000-08:00

We all dream of having appliances and machines that can obey our spoken commands. Well, let’s take the first step towards making this happen. In this second iteration of Carlitos’ Projects, we are going to build a speech-controlled Arduino-based robot.

You may be thinking that making such a robot must be a very complex task. After all, humans take many years before they can understand speech properly. Well, it is not as difficult as you may think and it is definitely lots of fun. The video below illustrates how to make your own speech-controlled Arduino rover.

After watching the video, read below the detailed list of parts and steps required to complete the project.
CLICK HERE TO SEE MORE

Materials

A DFRobotShop Rover kit. It constitutes the robot to be controlled.
A VRbot speech recognition module. It processes the speech and identifies the commands.
Two Xbee RF communication modules. They create a wireless link between the speech recognition engine and the robot.
An Arduino Uno. Controls the speech recognition module.
An IO expansion shield. Allows to connect the Xbee module to the DFRobotShop Rover
An Xbee shield. Allows to connect an Xbee module to the Arduino Uno.
Male headers. They are required by the Xbee shield.
A barrel jack to 9V battery adaptor. Allows to power the Arduino Uno trough a 9V battery.
An LED. It is not required since the IO expansion shield already has one but it can provide a more visible activity feedback.
An audio jack. It will be used to connect the microphone. This is optional
A headset or a microphone (a microphone is included with the speech recognition module).

Tools

A Wire Cutter. It will be used to cut the leads off components.
A Soldering Iron. In order to solder all the (many) connections, a soldering station might be preferable since it provides steady and reliable temperature control that allows for easier and safer soldering (you have less risk of burning the components if the temperature is set correctly).
A Third Hand. This is not absolutely required, but it is always useful for holding components and parts when soldering.
A Hot-glue gun in order to stick the components together.
A computer . It programs the DFRobotShop Rover and the Arduino Uno using the Arduino IDE.

Putting it Together

Assemble the DFRobotShop Rover and mount the IO expansion shield, an Xbee Module and the LED. Se the picture above or the video for further information.
Solder the headers onto the Xbee shield. Also solder four headers on the prototyping area as shown below. Do not like soldering? Then keep reading since there is no-solder-required version of the project.

3. Connect the four headers to the corresponding pins as shown below.

4. As shown above, you can also mount the headphone jack and use the cable included with the microphone in order to connect it to the VRbot module microphone input

5. Put the shield onto the Arduino and connect the battery.

6. Connect the VRbot speech recognition module wires and the microphone.

7. Program the DFRobotShop Rover and the Arduino Uno with these programs respectively: dfrobotshop_serial.zip and VRbot.zip

8. Start talking to your robot! Say “forward”, “backward”, “left”, or “right” in order to make the robot move in the desired direction. The word “move” shown in the video has been removed from the program in order to improve the performance.

Get your own ROBO

RobotShop put together a full kit that you can buy in order to get started with speech control. This kit is a bit different than the project shown and does not require any soldering and uses the microphone included with the VRbot module