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Noise Pollution Could Frustrate Fish

2011-07-27T22:29:00.000+07:00

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Until recently, researchers and environmentalists who thought at all about aquatic noise were focused on marine mammals and especially whales, which can be debilitated by sonar and engine noise. But the world’s 21,000 fish species also rely on sound. Many use it to communicate, and almost all rely on acoustics to navigate a dark, often turbid world.

After years of growing concern about the effects of marine noise on whales, scientists are finally asking what noise could do to fish. Whether they’re harmed isn’t yet known, but it’s certainly a possibility.
The oceans are an increasingly clamorous place, with boat motors and sonar and explosions and construction creating a din at frequencies used by fish.
“If you’re walking down the street and someone is jackhammering, you walk across the street and go around. What happens to a fish?” said University of Maryland aquatic noise specialist Arthur Popper. “How fish respond to sound is the big question for all of us.”
Popper co-authored a review of the field’s patchy, question-filled literature in the June Trends in Ecology and Evolution, marking a shift in thinking about ocean noise.

What Jacques Cousteau called “The Silent World” is actually full of natural noise, from fish calls to the sound of their bodies moving through water. To that natural din, human activity has added roughly 10 decibels of ambient commotion in the last half-century. At construction sites for offshore oil platforms, wind farms and river bridges, where explosions and pile drivers can hit 250 decibels repeatedly for months or years on end, the noise is even more intense.

All this has concerned researchers like Popper, who warn that scientists simply don’t know how fish respond.“It might be that fish are well-adapted to noise. Maybe it’s not a problem. We don’t know,” said Rob McCauley, a marine biologist at Australia’s Curtin University of Technology. “The work that’s been done has only scratched the surface.”

Studies on the effects of noise in terrestrial animals may provide some guide for what’s happening to fish. In some bird species, traffic noise that overlaps with song frequencies has been linked to drops in population diversity and density, and seems to reduce reproductive rates. The same appears to happen with frogs. Those findings don’t necessarily apply directly to fish, but they’re suggestive.

As for the fish themselves, studies are mixed. Tuna appear disoriented by boat noise, while some reef fish stay in their homes during and after massive air gun blasts. In some species, ship noise seems to increase production of cortisol — a stress hormone with damaging long-term effects — and harm eggs and larva. Another study, however, found no evidence of harm.

“If fish are swimming up the Potomac, and get to a construction site for the Woodrow Wilson bridge, do they go around it? Swim back to where they come from? Stop? This is a question for all of us,” said Popper.

Research is hindered by the different qualities of various types of underwater noise noise, as well as the variability of fish species, he said. It’s also hard to study fish behavior. “The best method would be to put transmitters in the fish, have receivers all over the place, and keep track of every fish” in a specific area, said Popper. Nobody has yet accomplished such a complicated task, though that’s a result not just of technical difficulties, but lagging scientific curiosity.
“The first thing we need to appreciate is that sound is extremely important to the lives of fish,” McCauley said.
Image: 1) Test tank of fish exposed to high-intensity sonar./Arthur Popper. 2) Graph of frequencies used by marine animals and generated by human activity./Trends in Ecology & Evolution.

Source :www.wired.com

Air pollution in american cities

2011-07-27T21:47:00.000+07:00

A research made in 2009 by "American Lung Association" showed that the most polluted cities in the United States are Los Angeles and Pittsburgh. The study was focused on the pollution’s effects on individual’s health and it indicated that six in ten Americans live in an urban area in which the air pollution level is so high that it can cause major health problems.

The Pictures of Air pollution in american cities

Air pollution in american cities

The Photos of Air pollution in american cities

Air pollution in Africa

2011-07-27T21:31:00.000+07:00

Air pollution in Africa

Air pollution in Africa is increasing and causing problems. Such problems include killing vegetations, corroding buildings, health threats.

African Boys and Air pollution in Africa

Air pollution in Africa because forest burning

Air pollution in Africa in town

Air pollution related hydrocarbon emissions from vegetation are much higher than expected over the African savanna (flat tropical grasslands)

South Africa - Water Pollution in Durban Bay

2011-07-27T20:22:00.000+07:00

The water-pollution in Durban Bay South Africa

Pittsburgh, Los Angeles have worst U.S. air pollution

2011-07-23T19:34:00.000+07:00

Pittsburgh and Los Angeles have the worst pollution. Pittsburgh and Los Angeles one of Polluted Metropolitan Areas

Air pollution in Hong Kong

2011-07-23T18:50:00.000+07:00

Air pollution in Hong Kong

Air pollution in Hong Kong - Hong Kong is one cities of the busiest cities in the world. Hong kong City is not only prominent as an Asian commercial center, but also famous for its air pollution.

China Yellow River Pollution

2011-07-23T18:39:00.000+07:00

China Yellow River becoming more polluted, with water flow dropping despite billions of tons of waste water being pumped into China Yellow River

Weather and air pollution in Canada

2011-07-22T08:51:00.000+07:00

Weather and air pollution in Canada. Chemical Industry Plants Spew Air Pollution.

Israel Land Pollution pictures

2011-07-10T14:43:00.000+07:00

The tour local Palestinian and Israeli representatives visited the polluted stream from the ‘green line’ all the way to the Gaza – Israel fence.

Air pollution Photos in Israel

2011-07-10T14:21:00.000+07:00

Air pollution problems in Israel’s major cities, and of course Ramat Hovav itself should be mentioned here as well. Haifa, Israel’s third largest city has an air pollution problem that is so bad that scores of deaths from respiratory ailments as well as cancers have been blamed from the state of the city’s air.

Israel’s water pollution photos in Haifa

2011-07-10T14:17:00.000+07:00

We found some pictures to show you just how disgusting the water pollution in Haifa really. Ammonia, phosphorous and unhealthy organic matter-filled wastewater being discharged to the sea.

Sea pollution closes the beaches in Bat Yam. (Credit: Zalul Environmental Association)

2011-07-10T13:59:00.001+07:00

Sea pollution closes the beaches in Bat Yam. (Credit: Zalul Environmental Association), Israel’s water resources haven’t been getting the respect they deserve.

Out of the 16 rivers that flow into the Mediterranean Sea, all 16 are polluted – many to the point that you wouldn’t even let your dog go swimming in them, much less your children.

And that pollution? It flows into the Mediterranean Sea, where thousands of Israeli residents and tourists go year round to surf, play, and work on their tans. Water pollution in Israel is not only a danger to river and marine life, but also a danger to public health and Israel’s economy.

Minamata Disease Photos

2011-05-18T13:53:00.000+07:00

This is a photo about Minamata Disease's effect. verry sad !!

Know about Garbage pollution

2011-04-18T20:15:00.001+07:00

Some boat operators, deliberately or accidentally, throw their garbage into our waterways. Most of our garbage today is made from non-biodegradable products such as plastic, which persists in the marine environment for many years.

Garbage is hazardous to marine life and all users of the waterways.

Some marine animals and seabirds can mistake plastic material for food. Others become entangled in garbage causing a slow and painful death.Ropes and plastic material can get caught in propellers and block water intakes causing major damage or even loss of income while a boat is out of service for expensive repairs.

All boat operators need to manage the use and disposal of all garbage generated onboard correctly.Types of waste that need to be disposed of appropriately include:

food waste
paper products
rags
glass
metal
bottles
crockery
wire residues
fishing gear
nets
bait boxes
wood products
packaging material
deck sweepings
all plastics.

Garbage Pollution

2011-04-18T20:07:00.001+07:00

Usually people don't think garbage would cause environmental pollution. In fact, garbage can cause the drop of air quality, water pollution and waste of resource. Besides, it influences the economic development.

Thus, prevention and management of garbage becomes a new important task for us. Therefore we need to know where the garbage comes from first.

First, it comes from industries. Industries produce various waster water, gas, toxic substances and chemical wastes. If they are placed in the open air or dumped or illegally poured into the river. As a result, the environment is damaged.

Second, domestic garbage: As citizens have weak awareness of environmental protection, they scatter waste paper and glasses. They use a lot of disposable products at will. Thus, much pollution is caused such as dust pollution.

Third, medical garbage: special products with a lot of bacteria have been leaved behind, including medical polluted water, medical wastes, one- shot injectors and so on.

If they are not careful handled and directly poured into the river or simply placed or even illegally resold, some communicable disease would spread.

Garbage brings lots of damages to the environment: First, water pollution: garbage produces a large amount of acidic, basic, toxic wastes. Some waste water contains mercury, lead, and cadmium which pollute the underground water once they penetrate into the ground. Most rivers are polluted by ammonia nitrogen, volatile phenol, and permanganate. Some rivers lose the self- cleaning function and thus, influence the reproduction of aquatic life.

Second, air pollution: in trash area, because of the burning and placing of garbage, there are various toxic gases containing sulfur.

Dusts and small particles fly with the wind and thus, sulfur dioxidein the air significantly increases. Thus, acid rain frequently happens, so does the particle pollution.

Third, soil pollution: many areas are used to place garbage and thus, land degradation and desertification happen. Because of a large amount of plastic bags, waste metals are leaved in the soil, the soil is hardened, and not suitable for planting crops.

Fourth, harmful to human beings' health: toxic gases are released by garbage and fly everywhere with the wind. As a result, sulfur dioxide, lead in the air arise and cause many respiratory diseases. When underground water is polluted, people may get diarrhea, trachoma and other diseases.

Fifth, harmful to the economic development: according to researches, 70% of garbage can be recycled. If it is recycled, it can create many profits, very helpful to the economic development and employment rate. Otherwise, it causes resource waste and ecological disruption which absolutely influence economic development.

Save Tree with Save Paper

2011-04-18T19:53:00.000+07:00

It is amazing that after so much hype that Go Green initiatives in their various forms and avatars have got, the results of entire exercise has been near nil. Though we know about the impact our action can create, we actually continue doing the same actions with same non chalant attitude ! It is simply a matter of "choice"! we have the power to control most of our choices and, therefore,the impact we create, from where we live to what we buy, eat, and use the light our homes to how we use ours natural resources.

It the time we put ours thinking caps to brainstorm for the ways to contribute toward saving our mother earth.Take for instance our easy going attitude toward paper. Paper plays important role in ours lives. The newspaper , cereal box, shopping bags, the tissue paper, toilet paper, books, magazines, labels; it almost omnipresent.

When paper is such intense part of ours lives and we know trees need to be cut down to make it, why not be more judicious while using it. It takes about 24 trees to make a tons of paper and the paper industry ranks 4th in contributing the greenhouse gas emissions, and contribute about 9% of manufacturing sector's carbon emissions. Paper usage is rising by around 20% every year,with the average office worker using approximately 50 sheets of paper every day in typical offices.

Save the Environment With Save Trees

2011-04-18T19:51:00.000+07:00

Today, when environment is being polluted so rigorously, everyone has only one question on his / her lips and mind that is how to save environment from being polluted. How to protect earth from disaster? The strongest way to protect environment is save trees. Trees are one of the main creations of God that play an important role to keep air clean. If there will be no fresh air available then how will human beings, animal, and birds survive? Therefore, a clean environment is the need for every living object on this earth. Many big organizations, schools, colleges, and NGOs are taking initiatives to save trees for a better future, clean air, and unpolluted environment, in short healthy life for living objects.

One of the biggest initiatives to save trees is taken by Idea Cellular Ltd. - a part of Aditya Birla Group. Today, trees are being cut with a great speed for full filling daily needs of human beings. It is true that we need to cut trees for our daily needs but cutting trees in such a furious way is leading towards a disaster. You might have noticed that as the number of trees is reducing; disasters are being continuously increasing, which is ultimately leading into high death rate. A big part of the trees is cut to make paper to help us do our personal and official works. If the use of paper will be minimized then we can save a large number of trees from being cut, which leads into healthy and clean environment that is fresh air and healthy life.

Initiative taken by Idea Cellular Ltd. is really appreciable. With their ads, they are promoting the use of paper less media like mobile phones. It is really a great idea to use paperless media to minimize the use of paper. Another initiative, which has been taken by schools, colleges, and universities in the increase in online examinations. Being a responsible human being, we all need to take some initiatives to protect environment. We can consider following ways to save trees, to protect environment, and to live a healthy life:

* Plant as much trees as possible.

* Do not cut trees until there is an extreme need.

* Prefer paperless communication instead of using paper. Make use of Internet and mobile phones to promote paperless communication.

* Online examination system should be preferred instead of taking exams on paper.

* Minimize the use of paper towel. In place of paper towel, one can use cloth towel or hankie

These are few ways to build healthy environment, to save earth, and to live a healthy and diseases free life.

Air Pollution In California

2011-04-13T11:25:00.000+07:00

There are many different types of pollution that affect our environment. The Earth's waters are affected by pollutants such as chemicals and medical waste, and the land itself is also polluted with garbage and even more types of chemicals. Some of the worst pollution that affects us daily, however, is air pollution. Here are some air pollution thoughts that should make you hack, cough and start wearing a filter mask.

Land Pollution

2011-04-08T23:09:00.002+07:00

Why Celebrate those Special Occasions by Polluting?

2011-04-08T20:38:00.000+07:00

Fireworks were designed to be a feast for the eyes and a great way to entertain a group of people, but it is also a source of pollution. Gun powder, the main ingredient used in crackers to create the awesome colourful display of fire and sound is the main polluting factor. There is always a risk of inhaling the gases produced and the disturbance caused due to the loud sounds. Take for example the Roman candles or the rockets . While they are great to look at, some of the gases emitted are not healthy if inhaled in close proximity. The same is true with extremely high sound effects in close proximity. Most countries have a designated time when you can burst firecrackers. For example, some countries do not allow firecrackers beyond 10 PM.

Unlike buying fireworks from stores, when you buy fireworks online, you can take a more informed decision on what is acceptable to you personally by going through the details of the ingredients and the effects it produces This is especially true with indoor fireworks where you need to be more careful before you make the purchase.

While

cheap fireworks sold in stores might look attractive to the pocket, consider the effects on you, your family, the neighbourhood and the environment before you make the purchase. Fireworks are a great way to enjoy but we also need to realise that what is best done is when it is done in moderation. Ask yourself the question: Will my neighbour be happy to see us enjoying the fireworks display? While fireworks celebrations bring the entire neighbourhood together, there might be some who may be sensitive to the sound and smoke. Consider all these before you make the decision on what to buy.

Christmas crackers and wedding fireworks , are among the most popular fireworks but can also create a lot of smoke. These are best enjoyed with the help of a professional pyro-technician who will know the safety standards, accepted pollution levels and what is best for you and your loved ones.

Most of the manufacturers have stringent quality and environmental norms to follow in their manufacturing process. The emissions from these products have to be within prescribed limits. Most online fireworks sellers only deal with manufacturers who maintain these standards. While this is true, as a fireworks fan, you need to ensure that you always enjoy fireworks as per the safety regulations suggested by the manufacturer.

Industrial pollution Cartoons

2011-01-04T14:07:00.000+07:00

'-Well,how do you think about our installations?Sensational,right?

-For sure,Sir…

-Our factories work at full capacity the whole day long.

-Impressive.

-And the profits will be astronomically…

-Profits?Do you seriously think that all this can bring you any profit?

-We don't produce anything!We're only dedicated to contamination.

Water Pollution in Manila, Philippines

2011-01-04T14:04:00.000+07:00

Here, a trash-covered creek in Manila, Philippines, where slums often adjoin rubbish dumps. The country's poorest sift through the garbage to find discarded objects they can sell on or re-use, or even scraps of food to eat

Woww!! Most polluted cities are in China

2011-01-04T14:01:00.000+07:00

China Air Pollution

20 most polluted cities are in China, according to World Bank research. Yet a report sponsored by the Chinese Government which uncovered potentially scary information was edited to “prevent social unrest”.

air-pollution levels in Chinese cities is leading to the premature deaths of 350,000-400,000 people each year. A further 300,000 people die prematurely each year from exposure to poor air indoors, according to advisers, but little discussion of this issue survived in the report because it was outside the ambit of the Chinese ministries which sponsored the research.

Mount Merapi pyroclastic

2010-11-07T20:49:00.002+07:00

Residents fled on a motorcycle under volcanic ash fall during the evacuation of a village in Klaten district, November 3, after Mount Merapi erupted. Indonesia's Mount Merapi erupted in a terrifying new eruption of lava and red-hot rocks Wednesday, triggering panic and forced the government to order a new evacuation. Scientists say 9616 foot mountain in Central Java, erupted with more force from the explosion last week that killed 36 people, spewing huge clouds of burning gas into the sky.

Robot Fish Ocean Pollution Track Ready!

2010-10-17T02:31:00.001+07:00

Flock of advanced robot is ready to roam in the ocean to detect pollution. It's just that the makers may have to be alert for these expensive robots not arrested the fishermen because of its form like a fish. Robot fish created by researchers in England and will be deployed in Spanish waters.

With a length of 1.5 meters, the robot equipped with a detector to identify the sources of marine pollution, such as oil tankers or chemicals in the waters. Prices robot about 20,000 Pounds per unit.

Robots that can operate independently and is designed to explore the oceans in the past few months. It took about 3 years for researchers at Essex University for making it.

Professor Huosheng Hu as one of pembesutnya states that the robot is expected to prevent the spread of pollution by tracking the source. If the experiments succeed, the robot will be deployed in various parts of the world to do missions that sama.Sekawanan advanced robot is ready to travel in the ocean to detect pollution. It's just that the makers may have to be alert for these expensive robots not arrested the fishermen because of its form like a fish.