All you will need on linux

You too can write Unix/Linux scripts

2011-11-08T23:06:00.000-08:00

Are you new to the world of Unix/Linux and hitherto have been impressed by the flexibility of the operating system?
Have you been considering scripting as a very cryptic task reserved for those that earn a living making them?
Well, it's time you hear the truth! Linux scripting is extremely easy and you too can start exploiting the benefits they offer.
Without much ado, let's see an example of a script.

#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello World"

Well that is a full fledged script containing all that is needed in a script, yet it has just two lines.
The first line #!/bin/bash is compulsory in every script and the same across all bash scripts. You might ask what is bash? Bash (Bourne again shell) is the default shell (more like windows command prompt) used in almost all Linux distributions. There are other shells like korn, ash, tcsh and zsh, but lets start with the more common bash shell. So what #!/bin/bash does is to call up the particular shell you want to use (in our case, bash).

The second line echo "Hello World" supplies the called up shell with the command echo. echo is a command that works like print in C or C++, printing specified characters on the terminal's display. In our case, it prints the statement Hello World.

Now to create this script, you can use any text manipulating program you like, but it will be highly advantageous to know how to use vi due to its availability on all Linux distribution.
To create the script using vi, you simply goto the terminal (konsole or command prompt) and after deciding what name to give the script (in this example, I'll use hello.sh), do the following --
~$vi hello.sh
(You will be taken to the vi program screen, press the Insert button on your keyboard to enter the following)
#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello World"
(Now press the Esc button, and type wq to save and exit, press Enter)

Congratulations! You've just created your first script. Now lets run it.
To run the script, you will need to make the hello.sh file you just created executable, by doing the following
~$chmod +x hello.sh
Then to run it just do
~$./hello.sh

Below are samples of scripts you can try

#!/bin/bash
# This is a comment and and won't be passed as a command to the shell
# This script displays the date
date

#!/bin/bash
# This script displays who's logged on and his home directory
who
echo HOME

The following two examples will require an input data (called parameter)

The scripts will be run like this

$./welcome Michael
$./factorial 10

#!/bin/bash
# This script outputs your name among several other words
echo "Hello $1, you are welcome to my website"

#!/bin/bash
# This script calculate the factorial of any supplied number
factorial=1
for (( number = 1 ; number <= $1 ; number++ ))
do
factorial=$[ $factorial * $number ]
done
echo "The factorial of $1 is $factorial"

Feel free to ask any question via the comment box.

Thanks!

Google+ on a computer and on android phone, apple's iOS to follow

2011-07-20T07:34:00.000-07:00

Finally, apple approves Google+ app! The ~~only~~ issue is, iPod (regardless of the generation) and iPad are not supported, infact I couldn't search out the app on my iPod 4G.

That aside, in this post I am going to share with you what the Google+ looks like on web via a computer and on android via the android app.

The snapshots below are of the web (computer).

While below are the screenshots from the Google+ android app

I would have loved to provide you the iOS screenshots, but no problem, you can get some here http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/google/id447119634?ls=1&mt=8

And to install it on a jailbroken iPod, just check here https://www.facebook.com/G00GLEPLUS

One last thing, if you live outside US, you won't be able to download the Google+ app from the android market (just like that). There is a workaround thanks to Daniel Kopetski and an app called MarketEnabler. Install the app (note that it requires your phone to be rooted).

Launch it.

Select Settings list

Select the T-mobile option for 2 to 3 seconds till a prompt shows up. And fake this provider now

Launch the Market app and search for google+

The Market will now show you a result like the one below.

Install and start circling!

Getting the best of a new ROM for your rooted android phone

2011-06-15T03:29:00.000-07:00

Last year I made a post on making your newly rooted phone speedier. Well, I have just discovered an equally novel way of getting the best out of a new ROM, be it you are upgrading or installing the ROM for the first time.

Since this post will have loads of images, I will go straight to the crust. The whole idea behind this post is hinged on the fact that preserving data and system settings across ROMs makes the phone oftentimes perform less speedy than on the former ROM, even though you just did an upgrade. And that is what I discovered when I upgraded from CyanogenMod 6.0 to CyanogenMod 6.1, when I preserved the system settings the phone was annoyingly sluggish, but when I wiped the system settings (a factory reset) the phone was amazingly speedy. In (near) fact, the homescreen scrolls before I actually swipe! But in this post I will teach you how to factory reset your phone to get the best out of the new ROM and yet not lose a single system/user data, not even a last call record!

As is my usual (self-inconvenienting) habit, I will start from the basics.

STEP 1
You are going to install two free softwares from the android market, they are Titanium Backup root and MyBackup Root.

STEP 2

Run the MyBackup Root, follow the screenshots below. Don't bother backing up Applications and Media. Titanium will do the applications backup and as for your media, they are as safe as your SD card. Note that your phone must be rooted (if you don't know, then it isn't)

(Tick as many as all)

STEP 3

Run the Titanium Backup Root, again follow the screen shots below to backup all system and user apps including their data/settings.

(Press the Menu button to see the options above)

STEP 4

I'll assume that you already have the new ROM copied unto your SD card. So reboot into recovery (if you don't know how, just shutdown and when the phone is off, press the power button + home button).

Do a Nandroid backup! (You will see the option on the first screen)

Follow the following screen shots to wipe the system and data settings, wipe cache and wipe dalvik cache. Wiping the caches do not have any possible adverse effect on the phone, in fact it is recommended to wipe them often as it releases more system memory for better phone performance (removes junk data from system memory).

(Scroll to Wipe, which is the sixth option)

(Wipe data/system, reset)

(Wipe Cache)

(Wipe Dalvik cache)

(Flash the new ROM onto the phone)

STEP 5
Again, you will go through the android market to install Titanium Backup root. Then run it to install all your user apps that you had on the previous ROM (which are already backed up unto your SD card). As soon as you run the Titanium Backup Root, it automatically detects all the apps you backed up in the previous ROM. Just select those you want to install on the new ROM and restore the app + data (though one at a time). If you want to restore all, just go through the batch tool and Restore all apps with data.
Below are the screenshots, scroll down to see that for complete apps restore.

(Scroll to the app you wish to restore and touch it)

STEP 6
You must have (re)installed My Backup Root app, so run it and restore your phone data (contacts, call records, SMS, MMS etc).

STEP 7

Voila! Get yourself your favorite drink and explore your New ROM without carrying over any legacy settings. Enjoy what those developers spent hundreds of hours tweaking to tickle your fantasy!

Cliche: If you have any trouble getting by any of the steps, just hit me with a comment.

Vital Linux tips

2011-03-24T00:40:00.000-07:00

I remember the first time I installed Linux, I had never seen Linux on a system before, didn't want to use a virtual machine and I was going to install it on my new laptop. On top of all these, I downloaded Ubuntu 8.04 Alternate CD image, which has no live-booting feature or even a graphic user interface for the installation, everything was console configuration. I spent hours doing the installation, there were over 10 steps (I strongly think) and I knew less than nothing about ext, ext2, ext3, swap space, grub and root. I got terribly stuck at the mount point, swap file and home partition configuration, I wasn't allowed to get to the next step until I had tried nearly all the options. I was sweating inside and couldn't wait to finish and see if the laptop will recognize its power button. Fortunately, God answered my Jonah modelled prayer, the laptop responded when I pressed the power button. It spent so much time on the VAIO logo display, my heart did a short sprint. Finally, it moved on and into the Ubuntu and my feelings were so mixed I couldn't breathe steady. I was extremely happy I had installed a Linux OS and also miserable that I had wiped off my Windows Vista before making a recovery disc.

That was about 3 years ago, though it's not a long time but in computer world it's like half a century. I, definately, have moved ahead and even installed Linux (several distros) over 30 times on over 10 laptops (most probably). So in this post I will share with your two vital Linux tips, or should I say keyboard shortcuts that I have been overusing.

TIP 1
Arguably the best feature of Linux (for enthusiasts) is that you can can install tens of full feature softwares on a disk space size Windows will use to install just one of those softwares. Take me for instance, my Fedora is installed on a 4GB partition (inclusive of swap space and Home) and yet I run out of space on my 50GB Windows XP partition nearly every month without ever running out of space on my Fedora (please, don't take this literally). In the end I get to have all the applications I want on my Linux, so it is often a task (medium size one) to search out the the application I want to run. This is where the Tip 1 comes to the rescue.
I just press the ALT and F2 key (on the keyboard) at the same time, then a small box come on screen and I type the name of the application I want to run. The best part of this is that it guesses the application as I provide the characters of the name, making it more than easy when I'm not sure of the application's name.

TIP 2
When we first get to know about Linux, we strongly believe it is all keyboard and blackscreen, no mouse pointer or GUI. Actually it used to be, and can still be (if you make it be). So the easiest (or cheapest) way to make it be is by installing a fancy GUI linux distro and booting into the dummy's galaxy of no more, then go further by using the key combination --

CTRL + ALT + F1

CTRL + ALT + F2

CTRL + ALT + F3

CTRL + ALT + F4

CTRL + ALT + F5

CTRL + ALT + F6

CTRL + ALT + F7

On some distros (like Fedora), the GUI is on F1 not F7.

Thanks for reading my blog, if you have any comment feel free to use the comment box. Have a great day.

Android's best kept secret code

2011-03-02T12:55:00.000-08:00

Just recently I noticed there was a flaky 3G service (MTN of course) in my room, but my phone seems too comfortable restricting me to the near useless EDGE service. I decided I was going to force my phone to use the 3G service, so armed with my computer, internet access and google, I searched for a way to do this and I was so resolute I won't mind porting a code meant for a USB modem. But to my utmost surprise, I ended up discovering a code (like those IMEI checking code *#06# or Nokia warranty code *#92702689#). This code is definetely android's best kept secret, the code takes you to a sort of troubleshooting settings screen. It is *#*#4636#*#* enter it on the dail screen and as you enter the last character * the phone will switch to a new screen, the Testing screen. The image below is a screen shot of what you'll see.

The Phone information section shows the IMEI number, phone number, service provider network, signal strength, roaming status and even button to run ping test amongst loads of other info. The best part of this section is that you can force the phone to use 3G service, 2G service or any available one with preference on either 3G or 2G! Just sroll down to the Set preferred network type and set the one you want, but it's advisable to set it to one that is compatible with your service provider. Don't set it to CDMA only when your service provider is GSM and don't set it too WCDMA (3G) only if you use your phone for heavy phone calls and not data like I do. So for me, anytime I want to do heavy data access activity, I just set it to WCDMA only, otherwise I leave it at the default of WCDMA preferred.

The other sections are Baterry Information, Battery history, Usage history and Wifi information. But apart from the battery information section that provides you information about the health of the phone battery, the other sections are of little interest in day to day use.

How to make your cyanogen-modded G1 work real fast

2010-10-23T03:40:00.000-07:00

Remember that post I made on modding your G1 and how I mentioned that I just recently modded mine. Well after flashing cyanogenmod 6.0.0-DS on my G1 and was stunned by the exquisite (Windows 7 – like) graphics, I was greatly disappointed to find my G1 so slow that navigating to the homescreen became a touch and travel activity. The camera app was greatly frustrating, after taking seconds to open it is only good for snapping still scenes because the pictures are taken seconds after the shutter button has been pressed. Not forgetting the gallery, that one became so useless I started searching the android market for any alternative app. When I try to view the pictures I took with the phone's camera, it takes forever to scroll to the next picture. The phone app wasn't left out, typing phone number has never been this hard, and after all the frustration and the tendency of you forgetting why you wanted to make the call, it takes about 5 seconds for the call to be terminated after you end it.

Though I must confess that I still preferred my modded G1 state to the unmodded (running android 1.6) state because I now run the latest android version, I can install apps on SD, I can install root (requiring) apps, and I can install apps meant for android 2.1 and above. So I convinced myself that all I have been reading about cyanogenmod, that it is way faster than the stock OS, is true and I am going to make that true fact a reality on my G1. Armed with google, I searched the internet using various words combination to locate any article that might address a similar issue. But I was disappointed to discover that as far as the internet is concerned I am the only one with such issue. After giving up on finding any online assistance, I decided to fiddle with the settings on my modded G1 and one day I struck luck, after changing a couple of things mostly disabling a lot of cpu sucking tweaks, and now my modded G1 is working really fast. So in the following paragraphs I am going to share with you the changes I made on my G1 that made it work real fast.

From the homescreen, press the menu button, tap on Settings, tap on CyanogenMod settings and tap on Performance settings. You will receive a “WARNING: Dragons Ahead!” prompt, don't worry (you won't do anything that will change the performance of your system, potentially for the worse), tap on OK. Now make sure Use Compcache is enabled, Use JIT is enabled and Surface Dithering is disabled. You can also change the VM heap size to 24m.

Now go back to Settings, tap on ADWLauncher, tap on Drawer Settings, disable Animated Drawer and disable Fade app labels. Go back to ADWLauncher settings, tap on Preview settings, disable Sense previews and Clean Screen Mode. Go back to ADWLauncher, tap on System Preferences, set Scrolling cache to Low quality.

With these settings on your G1 it should work really fast.

How to share internet access on your android phone with other phones and computers via wireless connection (wifi)

2010-09-27T15:49:00.000-07:00

I have been hearing about a “Wireless Tether” app for months now and even tried installing it, but to my disappointment it requires me to have rooted my phone so I couldn't use it. Then last week I finally rooted my phone and was amazed by the quality of connectivity I got between my phone and my laptop. And another amazing thing about this wireless tethering than makes it far desirable than the USB tethering (that comes along with the android OS 2.2) is that it allows multiple computers to connect and even phones that have wifi. And you can also create an access list to allow internet access for only selected devices (computers, phones and maybe, printers).

So in this post, I am going to explain extensively to you how to use the wireless tether app to share internet access on your android phone with other phones and computers.

PREREQUISITE: A rooted android phone (if you are not sure yours is, then it most probably isn't, but for more info search google)

STEP 1

The first thing you'll do is to install the Wireless Tether app, go to the android market and search for “Wireless Tether” it has this unique logo of a green wifi signal. Download and install it.

STEP 2

Open the Wireless Tether app, tap the screen close to the middle (where there is the prompt – Press to start tethering) to start the wireless tethering.

It will ask for Superuser permissions which you will need to grant and if you prefer, tick the remember this selection. Now don't bother if you do not notice your wifi turning on, as long as the wireless tether notification is showing on your notification bar, you are good to go.

STEP 3

On your computer (or phone) turn on the wireless adapter and search for wireless networks and you will notice an open network named AndroidTether. Connect to it, you should see “Acquiring network address” and then “Connected”.

Now check the notification bar of your phone, and you should see a notice about a device trying to access your internet. But if this notification doesn't popup on yours, do not worry just follow on. On the the wireless tether app screen, press the menu button to reveal hidden options, tap on Setup, under Security make sure the Enable Access-Control is ticked. Now go back to the app's homescreen and press the menu button again, then tap on Access Control and Tick only the devices you want to grant access.

STEP 4

Go to your internet browser and start surfing the internet, it's as easy as that!

TROUBLESHOOTING

If you are unable to access the internet on your computer but can on your phone, it's most probably because your wireless adapter has been manually configured. Make sure the wireless adapter IPv4 address is set to automatic and not manual, you can check my former post on doing this. If you are still experiencing this problem, them go to the internet/netweork settings of your internet browser and make sure you are not connecting via any proxy.

If you need any further help or clarification, feel free to ask via comment.

How I flashed my HTC Dream (T-mobile G1) with CyanogenMod 6.0.0-DS

2010-09-22T14:26:00.000-07:00

Remember that post I made on changing the google account of HTC Dream? Then you will remember me saying “I bought a fairly new G1...”

Well, there was this day I posted a tweet on twitter saying I had issues with data usage of my G1, and a friend (@kenniy) responded and told me to mod my G1 for optimum performance and recommended Cyanogen Mod. Since that day (which should be 6 months ago), after reading about the benefits, I decided in my mind that I was definitely gonna mod my G1. Then after reading about doing it on several websites and discovered that most of them had very different ways of doing it with a common recurrent warning that my phone might get bricked, I finally gave it a trial 5 months ago. I choose a website that explained very well with detailed snapshots of the process, then I discovered that I couldn't go past the first stage because my G1 has android 1.6 (donut) and the steps will only work for 1.5 (cupcake). I searched for ways of modding my G1 running donut, and the only site I found that seems to explain it well didn't have a single snapshot and had too much warnings. So I suspended my desire to mod the G1 till when I have used the phone for a considerable time, when I won't be too bothered if the phone bricks.

Well that time came yesterday, I just couldn't put up any longer with the restrictions of the small internal memory and the fact that some applications are now being built for OS 2.1 (eclair) and above. So I braced up and faced my fear, and believe me I'm glad I did. I now have the latest android OS (froyo) running on my G1,can now send files via bluetooth and even operate a swap partition on my phone.

So in case someone might need a more recent post by a more current user, I decided to share my experience, step by step and with snapshots. So let's go!

STEP 1

NOTE: I'll assume you are also using the android 1.6 on a G1.

First you will need to boot into the bootloader of the G1 to record the radio type and ROM type of your G1.

There are two ROM types,

PVT, and

DVT.

There are two radio types also,

2.22.23.02

2.22.19.26I

To boot into this mode you will need to switch off the phone first. Then press the camera button and almost immediately, without leaving the camera button, press the power button. Below is a snapshot of how I did it with my phone. Now note the multicolor screen that comes up and record the ROM type and the radio type of your phone (it will show at the upper part of the phone screen).

STEP 2

Now you are going to download all the necessary files you will need for the whole modding process.

First, you will download the DREAMING.nbh RC29(US) or DREAIMG.nbh RC7(Europe) file that will downgrade the android 1.6 to 1.0 which is necessary for the whole modding process (actually you won't be able to root the phone without this downgrade, that is why it is necessary).

Secondly, you will download Amon_Ra's Recovery which is the actual rooting image file.

Thirdly, you will download the appropriate radio for your G1, 2.22.23.02 or 2.22.19.26I

Fourthly, you will download the appropriate SPL file, depending on the ROM type of your G1. If your ROM is PVT, Haytou's SPL is recommended. But if your ROM is DVT, you have to make do with HardSPL to avoid bricking your G1.

Finally, you will now download the Cyanogen Mod 6.0.0-DS and the tiny gapps files (you need this google apps zip file to pre-install the market app during the installation the Cyanogen Mod, this will be very useful)

STEP 3

Get a MicroSD card (the small external memory card the phone uses), format it with FAT32. Copy only the DREAMING.nbh file into it.

Power off the G1 and like you did earlier on in step 1, boot into the bootloader. Follow the instructions to apply the DREAMING.ngh which will downgrade the phone to android 1.0. Now press MENU, HOME and POWER buttons all at once to power off.

STEP 4

Put a SIM that has active data plan or GPRS/EDGE/3G enabled (with enough money in it to access the internet). Power on the G1, it will show you a screen with the Emergency call dial button. Press the MENU button to reveal APNs, touchclick it and create a new APN entering the correct APN setting for your SIM Network provider. If your Provider is already listed in the APN list, do not bother creating a new APN. Now return back to the initial screen, touch the middle of the screen and configure your google account to gain access to other functionalities.

Press the home button and slide the phone to reveal the keyboard. Press ENTER twice, type telnetd and press ENTER (do not bother about the contact screen that comes up and the apparent nothing that happens after pressing ENTER). Go to the market app and install telnet by clockworld, launch the telnet app you just installed and make sure localhost is in the first textbox and 23 in the small textbox to the right. Press ENTER.

STEP 5

Remember the Amon_Ra's Recovery file you downloaded? Rename it to recovery.img and copy it to the MicroSD card and disconnect the phone from the computer. Now open the telnet application you installed earlier on and type the following flash_image recovery /sdcard/recovery.img and once this is successful you will notice # # on the screen showing below the command you typed. If you got a "permission denied" prompt, type su flash_image recovery /sdcard/recovery.img

STEP 6

Power off the phone and remove the MicroSD card, copy the radio file you downloaded (2.22.23.02 or 2.22.1.26I), the SPL file (a .zip file), the Cyanogen Mod 6.0.0-DS (mostly likely named as update-cm-6.0.0-DS-signed.zip)and the gapps file into the card. Replace the memory card.

STEP 7

You will now boot into the recovery mode by pressing the home and power buttons at the same time.

Once the phone has boot into the recovery mode, scroll to "apply zip from sdcard" and select the radio file, press the home button to confirm. The phone will reboot during the installation, once the installation is complete select the reboot option (first on the list).
Now boot into the recovery mode again by pressing the home and power buttons at the same time, scroll to "apply zip from sdcard" and select the SPL zip file, press the home button to confirm. Again you will be requested to reboot, select the reboot option to complete the installation.

Again boot the phone into the recovery mode, select the "apply zip from sdcard" and select the Cyanogen Mod 6.0.0-DS zip file, press the home button to confirm and the phone will say update successful. Now scroll again to the "apply zip from sdcard" and select the gapps zip file, press the home button to confirm. Then reboot the phone and power off, if it boots back to the recovery mode (power off is the last option on the recovery mode list).

Now you are through installing the Cyanogen Mod 6.0.0-DS which is built on the android 2.2 (code named froyo). Just power on your phone and it will now boot into the new OS that makes your phone operate like a linux computer with the much needed root permission (or superuser capability).

TROUBLESHOOTING

Just like it happened to me, if you notice that the phone after booting to the new OS only shows the lock screen and a black screen with notification bar, and does not detect network or show home screen. Just reboot into the recovery mode and select wipe, apply all the wipe options (wipe data/factory rest, wipe cache and wipe Dalvik-cache) and reboot. That should solve the problem, I don't know why it happened to me but I suspect it's that my cache is full and the /system is also full. But whatever the reason is, wiping did resolve it.

If you need any further clarification or help, feel free to use the comment. I will try to monitor this post's comment as often as possible.

How to change the gmail account on HTC android phone

2010-05-03T10:55:00.000-07:00

I recently bought a fairly new HTC G1 after a long tiring search for android phones at Computer village, Ikeja (Lagos, Nigeria). Most of the phone dealers have only windows mobile phones, iPhone and Blackberry, but no android phone. Just when I was about giving up, I came across a dealer that had a fairly new HTC G1 (he called it London-used but it's obviously from USA). Anyway, I bought the phone and believe me if not for the Motorola charger that came with it I would have easily believed it's new.
Since the phone isn't new and the former owner did not do a factory reset and had the phone registered with his gmail account. I had to change the gmail account to mine to be able to access the android market (the phone requires me to enter his account password to access the market). I didn't want to do a factory reset so as not lose any application installed by the former owner. Actually, I have an aversion for factory resets because of the painful data loss they often cause.
After searching the internet for another way of changing the gmail account that will not involve any multiple system settings change. I came across a method that worked fine and is porobably the only alternative method.
So outlined in a detailed manner below is this method of changing the gmail account --
Goto Settings, Applications, Manage applications, and browse to Gmail storage, select Clear Data. Also goto Gmail and select Clear Data. Finally goto Google Apps and select Clear Data.
Now go back to Settings, and select Data Synchronization. You will be prompted to setup a new account. Enter your gmail account and password. So now, you will be able to synch your gmail on your phone and also access the android market. You will also receive a mail from the android team welcoming you.

How to automatically change to directories with very long full path using easy to remember aliases

2010-01-26T00:53:00.000-08:00

My laptop's 160GB hard disk is partitioned into more than six logical partitions and I multi-boot Windows 7, Windows XP, Kubuntu, Mandriva and Fedora. So you can imagine how I must have butchered the 160GB. I have managed to logically organize my files on the system, I put my iso image files in Kubuntu and Mandriva, my documents are in Windows XP and Windows 7. This makes it inevitable for me to frequently access documents on the Windows partitions and also copy documents to them while working in Linux. Occasionally, while working in commandline I need to mount images on the Kubuntu partition or read a file I saved in the Windows partition. Unfortunately, Fedora has a terrible way of naming my partitions that are not part of its filesystem, for example the full path to my Windows XP partition is /media/8E9C64209C640555 and the one for my Windows 7 partition is /media/925C181C5C17F9A5. After getting sick of having to copy and paste the path, I decided to do something permanent that will help me get round the problem.
Well what I eventually did was to add a four aliases to automatically change to any partition without bothering about its full path. All I did was to edit the /home/freeman/.bashrc file, I appended the following --
# User specific aliases and functions
alias kubuntu='cd /media/0f83fb7e-7810-489d-ad1d-1cfeb50e1ff2'
alias mandriva='cd /media/d06a0246-9501-4e55-8162-146e500cd2a0'
alias windowsxp='cd /media/8E9C64209C640555'
alias windows7='cd /media/925C181C5C17F9A5'

Voila! Now everytime I enter windowsxp on my command prompt, I am automatically switched to the Windows XP partition.

Interactive script to mount iso images

2010-01-25T04:11:00.000-08:00

My laptop's DVD drive is bad, so I prefer copying images of CD/DVDs through a friends computer DVD drive and pasting it in my cd_image folder (a special folder I created for just iso images).
The command I use for copying CD/DVD images is

dd if=/dev/sr0 of=/home/freeman/cd_image/cdname.iso

This command is pretty straight forward, the dd stands for disk dump, if stands for input file and of stands for output file. I do not have problem with remembering the command. But I often have problem remembering the exact mount options for iso file (which is the cd image file).
So I decided to write a shell script for interactively mounting any iso image in any mount point point (which is often an empty folder).
The following is a step-wise description of the shell creation

STEP 1
I created a special folder in my home folder and named it shell, using the following command

[freeman@freeman ~]$ mkdir shell

I changed directory to the shell subdirectory I just created

[freeman@freeman ~]$ cd shell

STEP 2
I created a new file (named it mountiso) and entered the script in in using vi editor

[freeman@freeman shell]$ vi mountiso

#!/bin/bash

#This shell is for mounting cd images from anywhere to any empty folder

echo -n "Enter the full path of the iso image: "

read image

echo -n "Enter the full path of the mount point, an empty folder: "

read folder

mount -t iso9660 -o loop $image $folder

exit 0

STEP 3
I made the mountiso file executable by changing it's file permissions

[freeman@freeman shell]$ chmod a+x mountiso

I also included the /home/freeman/shell path in the PATH environment variable

[freeman@freeman shell]$ PATH=$PATH:/home/freeman/shell

To make is global, I exported the new PATH

[freeman@freeman shell]$ export PATH

So that was all, to run the new script I just enter mountiso (regardless of my current working directory) and enter both the image location and mount point without bothering about the mount options.

How to use ZTE MF627 USB modem on linux

2009-12-26T14:43:00.000-08:00

I just bought a ZTE MF627 USB modem (it supports GPRS/EDGE/3G/HSDPA) to serve as my internet highway, the stuff works great with little configuration on Windows. Actually it came with MTN Nigeria internet settings but I could use it with other networks via Windows Dial-up.
The major problem was that in my Ubuntu and Fedora linux, I just could not use it. When I enter dmesg at the Commandline terminal, it detects it as a CD drive.
So after seeking lots of help online I finally got a way to go round the issue.
In my windows XP, the device manager alloted COM19 to the modem. I went straight to hyperterminal and connected to COM19 using the usual "8-N-1 None" settings, you can put the baudrate at any value. In the terminal I simply entered
AT+ZOPRT=5
AT+ZCDRUN=8
This will change the default mode of the modem from the CD drive to the modem mode. But you will not be able to install the software that came preloaded into the device, so if you want to use it on a new windows system, you might have to run AT+ZCDRUN=9 to enable you install the MTN or any other proprietary software that came with the modem.
After that your Linux system will now identify the modem and make it available as /dev/ttyUSB2 or /dev/ttyUSB3 ( I think /dev/ttyUSB2 if you do not have 3G or HSDPA and /dev/ttyUSB3 if you have the service on the network). You can now use your preferred Point-to-Point Protocol connection tool.
If you are using Fedora 11 or 12, you can go to System, Preference and Network connection for very easy configuration of the modem.

Just click on Mobile Broadband and Add.

Enter the internet settings as given you by the network provider, in the PPP setting untick all the compression methods, and the allowed authentication method should be PAP alone (except if your provider specifies any additional one).
With this done, you are ready to go, just click on the network icon on the task bar and choose the network you just configured.
For Ubuntu, mandriva and other distros including fedora, you can use any PPP tool -- gnome-ppp, kppp and wvdial. Just specify the right device address.

How to use dial up point-to-point protocol to connect to the internet via a GPRS mobile phone

2009-11-30T02:47:00.000-08:00

I am sorry the title looks clumsily long, but that is to show that I am going to very much explain how you can access the internet using dial up on a Linux OS through an application called KPPP.

I assume that you already have the application installed, if you don't have you can view my previous post on installing software in linux.

STEP 1

Launch the kppp software, a user inteface like the one below will come up

Don't mind the entries in the login ID and password, in this tutorial I will create a new account.

STEP 2

Click on the configuration button below, a pop up dialogue box will come up as show below.

Click on the new button at the middle right side, a popup box like the one shown below.

Click on Manual Setup, another popup will replace this current one, as shown below

Enter the name you want to give this connection. Click on Add button, put *#99# as the phone number. Leave the other settings at the default.

Click on Modems right beside Accounts on the top menu bar, click on new .

In the new dialogue box shown below, enter the access point name as the modem name, enter the port of the phone connection and leave the other settings as they are.

STEP 3

If you want to use a bluetooth connection, plug the bluetooth dongle to the computer, go to the Konsole commandline tool and enter the folloswing commands

$ sudo su

# hcitool scan

(copy the device hardware address of the phone)

#rfcomm connect 2 00.00.00.11.AA.FF (replace with the copied address)

Make sure you speciy /dev/rfcomm2 in the Modem device setting, actually you can use rfcomm1 or rfcomm3 just by replacing the 2 in “rfcomm connect 2” with the appropraite number.

Now go back to the kppp, after saving the settings by selecting ok, in the main kppp dialogue box enter the login ID or username and password. If you conncetion doesn't need one just put “wap” for both as kppp will not connect without them since you will be connecting using PAP (Don't worry about understanding, just do it and you'll be alright).

Click on connect and you will be prompted to enter bluetooth passkey, then the connection will be made.

How to install Windows XP on new Laptops that come with SATA harddisk and overcome the 'No harddisk detected' problem

2009-09-15T06:41:00.000-07:00

My Sony Vaio laptop came with Windows Vista, but in less than 1 year I was sick of using only Windows Vista, Kubuntu and Mandriva (the other two are Linux OS). I needed Windows XP badly, especially because of Windows Vista compatibility issues and XP had fewer problems connecting with most wireless hotspots. So in a nutshell, I got Windows XP SP3 from Microsoft and tried installing it. But something strange occurred during the installation process, I got a "No hard disk detected" complaint, this is because the SATA hard disk is a recent technology and they are not naturally detected by Windows XP. So, I have taken time to explain below in easy to follow steps, the procedure to install Windows XP on a SATA hard disk overcoming the no hard detected complaint. But, I must let you know that you need a Windows XP CD, an empty CD, nlite software and the SATA hard disk drive. We will later use the nlite to integrate the SATA hard disk drivers into the Windows XP installation files and reburn them on the empty CD using the same nlite software.

Step 1

Copy the content of the Windows XP bootable CD into a folder on your computer, download the SATA hard disk drivers (usually named Intel_ICH7R_ICH8R_Floppy zip file), extract them and nlite software (both are freewares).

Step 2

Install the nlite and run the software, click next, then browse to the Windows XP folder (do not bother about the name you saved it with, the software is quite intelligent and will detect it). Click next, do not import anything here (it is for loading formally used or saved settings), just click next again. Under the Integrate section, choose drivers and click next. Click insert, choose multiple drivers, browse to the SATA drivers folder you extracted, add the folder, select all the drivers in the textmode and add . Click next, next and then finish.

Step 3

In the step 2, you have already created a new version of Windows XP that has the drivers for the SATA hard disk. Here you will now make the Windows XP folder back into a bootable CD. Rerun the nlite, choose the Windows Xp folder as before, click next (the last session changes are already added for you), click next again. Now under the create section, choose Bootable ISO, then next, insert the empty CD, set the burn speed to 10x and give it a label. Don't click next yet, just click on the Make ISO button. After this, click next and finish.

Step 4

Boot from the CD on the computer you want to install the Windows XP on and do the normal installation procedure. It will now no longer complaint of no hard disk found.

For any extra help, feel free to ask through the comment.

How to reinstall a faulty windows XP, Vista or even windows 7 without losing your valuable documents

2009-09-15T06:22:00.000-07:00

If for any reason (maybe the windows would not boot, it complains too much of lost or corrupted system files, it takes too much time to boot or like me, you need a fresh start) you want to reinstall Windows and not lose your vital documents, just follow me.

If you are able to boot into your computer, first back up your vital documents and insert the Windows bootable into your DVD drive, and when the setup screen comes on, choose upgrade. This option is always there as long as the version you want to install is the same as the one you are currently using or higher.

If you have been unable to boot into your windows to manually make a backup of those documents, do not worry. Insert the bootable windows XP, Vista or 7 into the DVD drive and boot from the disc, the computer will load the required system files first before prompting you on the type of installation. For Vista and 7, choose Upgrade, but if this option is unavailable then choose Custom and specify that it should leave your documents and folders untouched (you will see fresh installation and this option). For Windows XP, press Enter to install, choose the partition you want to install the Windows in and press Enter. In the next screen, you will see Leave the partition's folders and files (not exact words but very similar) and Format this partition. Choose the former and continue.

After installation your documents and files will be intact, but you might need to claim ownership of the former user's folder to be able to access the documents in the Deskop, Music, Documents, Downloads and Video folders (this will happen if you have passworded your former user account, if you need special assistance in doing this ask in the comment).

Now, if you were not allowed to install a fresh Windows without formatting and you need to get out your valuable documents, do not worry. Just boot from a linux CD ( http://linuxforpro.blogspot.com/2009/08/live-booting-linux-from-cd-rom-dvd-rom.html ) and copy out all your valuable documents or even your entire hard disk. Then you can do the fresh Windows installation.

For any extra help, feel free to comment.

How to repair your Windows Vista if it would not stop configuring update stage 3 of 3 0% complete...

2009-09-15T06:17:00.000-07:00

Personally, I have experienced so many things that happen during and after installing Windows update that I prefer to switch automatic updates off. There was a time a friend installed Windows Vista Ultimate SP1 and the audio went mute, many a time on Windows XP the computer will for any random reason show bluescreen and reboot. But on Windows Vista the most annoying is probably when you try shutting down and the computer installs automatic updates only to hang at "Configuring Update stage 3 of 3 0% complete..." and believe me it will remain at that stage forever! And when you power the computer down (cold boot) and power it up again, it would try to install the update again and go forever at the stage 3.

To repair this problem you will need to delete a pending.xml file in C:\Windows\winsxs folder. The major work is how to get there and delete it since you are unable to boot completely. There are probably more than 3 ways to do this.

1. You can slave your hard disk on another system, access your hard disk and perform the deletion.

2. You can use the command prompt (System Console) in the repair tools after booting from the vista DVD to repair. Some laptops have this repair option availble without having to boot from the DVD, just press F8 as soon as you power on the laptop. When you are in the command prompt, change directory to the C:\Windows\winsxs folder and rename pending.xml to pending.xml.bad or simply delete it. The problem I have with this option is that the prompt refuses to change from the default X:\ (boot partition) to the C:\ partition. I got several tips online as to how to make the partition accessible but none worked.

3. The surest and easiest means of carrying out this operation is to boot (hyperlink 'how to boot linux from CD or USB flash) from linux CD, browse to C:\Windows\winsxs folder using the lovely ever reliable Linux GUI folder browser and delete the culprit, pending.xml. Then restart the computer, remove the CD and boot straight into your Windows Vista.

It is just as easy as that, I have done it before and if you would like to know more about the pending.xml file you can google it.

If you are confused about anything, feel free to comment.

Live Booting Linux from CD-ROM, DVD-ROM and USB Flash

2009-08-13T03:10:00.000-07:00

Step 1
Download or copy from someone who has, the Linux OS image (always in .iso format)
Step 2
If you do not have a software that can burn CD or DVD image, then download active@ ISO Burner, it is free. (Most CD burning utilities can burn images, I know of Nero and Roxio)
To make USB flash images, dowload liveusb-creator-3.7 free utility.
Step 3
Install these softwares and run them. The liveusb-creator-3.7 does not need installation, just extract the zip file and run the application

From Drop Box

Step 4
Insert the empty CDor DVD into your drive and set the parameters on the active ISO burner to that shown below

But if your CD or DVD drive is not very strong, set the Speed to 10x for CD and 4x for DVD. In fact, those settings are recommended even if your drive is new. This prevents error in the data burned since you will end up burning till the edge of the CD or DVD considering the size of the images which nearly equals the total capacity of the CD or DVD.
Then browse to the directory of the Linux OS image file and select it in the source box below.

From Drop Box

For the USB flash image,

click the browse button and select the image file. Indicate the Target Device and create live USB.
Step 5
Reboot your computer and set the boot sequence to use DVD/CD drive and USB drive before Hard Disk.
Voila! Your computer will boot into the Linux OS, just make sure you do not install the Linux yet, and choose 'Boot without installing' or 'Run without any changes to your computer'. Now you can tryout the Linux OS without installing it on your hard disk.

HOW TO INSTALL APPLICATION SOFTWARES IN LINUX

2009-06-29T04:25:00.000-07:00

Installing software on most linux distributions (K/Ubuntu, Mandriva, Fedora Core, OpenSuse etc.) is most times easier than for windows. It is just that we are so accustomed to windows that we expect things should be done in the same manner in linux.
Linux comes with an automatic software finder and installer utility. In (K)Ubuntu, it could be Adept or Synaptic, in Mandriva it is simply named 'Install and Remove Software'. Whatever it is called in your linux distribution, they all function the same way

From Drop Box

Just run the utility, locate where the 'update from repositories' or something similar is and click it (you might be asked to select media sources, choose/tick all). This will through your internet connection download the most recent lists of available softwares for your linux and their descriptions. So you must be connected to the internet, but if you have no access to the internet there is an alternative. After the update is done, you will go through the list of softwares and check/tick the box beside the softwares you want to install, the click on 'Apply' to install them. (If you have a slow internet connection, do not check too many softwares).
If you have no internet connection on the system running the linux, you will have to use another computer system with internet connection to download the software you want to install. Just google out the linux version of the software (e.g type in google search box 'download linux version of Opera 10). Most times you will end up downloading the source code (Opera10.tar.gz) or an executable bin file (Opera10.bin). You might also be a able to see a version that is specific for your linux distribution (e.g. .deb for K/Ubuntu or .rpm for Fedora/OpenSuse/Mandriva). You can install this by just double clicking on the file.
For the Opera10.tar.gz -
1. Copy it into a folder in your target system maybe the /home/download folder or any other of your choice.
2. Right click on the file and choose extract here (an Opera folder will be created in the /home/download folder.
3. Enter the new folder and copy the address location (maybe /home/download/Opera10).
4. Goto the Terminal or Konsole bash commandline.

From Drop Box

5. Change to the folder directory by typing cd and pressing Shift + Insert (to paste the already copied location) then Enter.
6. Type sudo ./configure
make
sudo make install

From Drop Box

These will compile and install the software.
For Opera10.bin -
1. Copy the Opera10.bin to say /home/download.
Goto the Terminal or Konsole bash commandline and change to the directory by typing cd /home/download
2. Type sudo chmod a+x Opera10.bin to make the bin file executable

From Drop Box

3. Type ./Opera10.bin to install the software.
For further clarifications or any questions, feel free to enter them as a comment.

OPEN SOURCE LINUX ALTERNATIVE TO WINDOWS POPULAR APPLICATION SOFTWARE

2009-06-29T03:52:00.000-07:00

1. MICROSOFT WORD - OpenOffice.org writer is a perfect alternative, it oftens come pre-installed on the Linux OS. I use it both on my Windows OS and Linux, there is both the linux and windows executable. I even used it for my technical reports in the University, it can read and write Microsoft word file format (.doc) but can only read word 2007 format (.docx).
2. MICROSOFT VISIO - Dia can to some extent be an alternative to visio, just that you might have to save/export the page as an image for you to insert/import into another application like the openoffice.org writer, Kwrite etc.
3. MICROSOFT WORDPAD - Kwrite is a very good alternative and it comes pre-installed on most kde linux version.
4. MICROSOFT NOTEPAD - Gedit, Kedit and Kate are better alternatives to notepad, they allow you to save as a any file format you desire without putting a " " quote. This makes them easily used as a programmer's notepad.
5. INTERNET EXPLORER - There is Opera, Firefox and Konqueror which work just as well or even better that the latest Internet Explorer.
6. WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER - VLC player is a very perfect and better alternative and can play nearly all known popular music and video format. There is also Amarok and Kaffeine.
7. ADOBE ACROBAT READER - There is Okular, Xpdf and linux version of acrobat reader.
8. NERO BURNER - There is k3b and brasero on linux and in my opinion, k3b has been the most reliable burner I have ever used, especially for burning images.
9. HYPERTERMINAL - CuteCom and Minicom works just as well.

The safest and most beneficial way to install Linux

2009-06-10T08:21:00.000-07:00

You would probably have heard that installing linux as an apllication in windows or on a virtual system is the safest (no doubt about that), but if you really want to enjoy the linux operating software you will need to install it on another partition or disk and have it run as a real operating system.

In this post I will teach you how to do this without endangering your windows partition and operating system in anyway. I must let you know that I have done this a couple of times with Kubuntu 8.04 , Ubuntu 8.04, Mandriva 2009 and Kubuntu 9.04, but I am very sure it will work same way for Fedora core 10 and later, OpenSuse 11 and later.

STEP 1

For Vista: If you do not have a partition you will like to install the linux in yet, you can shrink an already existing partition by right clicking on Computer, choose Manage, choose disk and volume management and right click on the partition you want to shrink, choose shrink, and indicate the size of the new partition you want. Now do not format the unallocated space, it is better to leave it this way. And if you already have a formatted partition that you want to use, do not bother doing.

For XP: I really do not know a safe way to create a new partition from an already existing one, so I will assume you already have a partition ready for the linux installation (I was told that Norton Partion magic works hassle free but I have no first-hand experience with it). A great workaround this is to let the linux resize the windows partition and use some of the free space, I have done this using Mandriva 2009 before and it worked hassle free. Just make sure you shutdown the Windows OS properly.

STEP 2

Insert the linux bootable CD/DVD into the DVD drive (I will advice you to use live CD/DVD, it is more user friendly and very straight forward), then restart your computer, make sure it boots from the CD/DVD drive, choose 'Start the Linux OS without making any change to your system', though the exact text might differ from that, it always mean boot from the cd/dvd without installing the linux operating system on your computer, it will only use your RAM without touching your hard disk.

STEP 3

After the linux has finished starting up, click Install on the Desktop (you can explore the Linux OS before doing this). Answer the general step by step questions it asks you, but when it gets to the installation proper, choose the 'free space' ( if you have created an unallocated space in the step 1) or the free partition you prepared for the Linux. Enter ' / ' for the mount point ( where your root/default admin folder will be located), choose the ext3 filesystem and format. Complete the installation, if you see grub bootloader configuration, accept the default (except the time delay before it will automatically boot into linux, this is usually 10 seconds, change it to 30 preferably). The computer will automatically restart, remove the linux bootable and let the computer boot from hard disk. Do not be scared to see that there are three linux options and one windows option, the grub bootloader that came with the new release of linux automatically detects the windows, shows a normal mode linux, a safe mode linux and memory test linux boot mode. If you want to boot into Windows select Windows and press Enter.

Voila! You now have linux installed on your computer. If in anyway confused, reply through the comment.

TIPS AND TRICKS

Linux can access your windows partition but windows cannot access linux partition, this is very useful in case you have problem with your Windows, you can still access and copy your documents in the windows partition

Linux is resistant to most viruses (in fact I do not know of any virus that affect linux, so I prefer browsing and collecting data from external storage devices via my linux OS)

Linux oftentimes recognize and interact with most external devices like USB flash drive, bluetooth, serial devices etc without any addition drivers installation.

If you have a Sony laptop, I will recommend Mandriva 2009 or Kubuntu 9.04 as it has the drivers for your wireless and screen brightness control (I had to install the drivers for my wireless from a source code on my Sony running Kubuntu 8.04, OpenSuse 11 also has the same problem).

If you use HP or Dell (especially Dell, HP can still use mandriva with its wireless detected and screen brightness control), I will recommend (K)Ubuntu 8.04 or later.

Never install linux before windows because windows bootloader cannot detect linux. But if you have no choice you can reinstall the grub bootloader.

If you want any further clarification, you can ask via the comment.

How to manually unlock the urpmi

2009-06-10T07:11:00.001-07:00

I got this solution from a forum and it worked.
All you need do is to just save this as a script and call it in the bash terminal

#!/bin/bash
echo "";
echo "Only root can unlock the URPMI database.";
echo "Starting with the removal of URPMI locks:";

rm -f "/var/lib/urpmi/.LOCK";
echo " rm -f '/var/lib/urpmi/.LOCK'...";
rm -f "/var/lib/urpmi/.RPMLOCK";
echo " rm -f '/var/lib/urpmi/.RPMLOCK'..."

echo "URPMI DATABASE UNLOCKED!";
echo "Happy installing!"
echo ""

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2009-06-08T09:07:00.001-07:00

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2009-06-08T09:06:00.000-07:00

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