ALLEGIANCE SCIENCE AND EDUCATION

Applications of hydrogen peroxide against infection.

2020-06-04T23:47:00.000+05:30

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound composed of hydrogen and oxygen.
Formula: H ₂O ₂
Pure form: colorless weak acid.
Applications: used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic.

You usually find hydrogen peroxide in the first-aid or your first-aid kit at home but there are so many extra uses for hydrogen peroxide. Aside from just taking care of wounds and scrapes and burns so stick around and I'll describe you the applications of hydrogen peroxide against infection.

If you have a bottle of hydrogen peroxide in your first-aid kit so what's the deal with hydrogen peroxide and why does it work. So well you normally find in your first-aid kit because it's great at cleaning your wound so you put a little bit on the wound. It helps bubble up any of that bacteria or dirt right to the surface and it keeps things clean helping you not get an infection. So think about that science and kind of apply it to cleaning it disinfects as well but it does so many other things too.

Now, something to know about hydrogen peroxide remains in a brown bottle at all times until just before you're going to use it. When it's in this brown bottle it is protected and the minute that it's exposed to light like the rest of us it becomes unstable not like the rest of us. So you want to make sure that it's always locked up until you need it.

Let's start things off in the application that most of you guys know about already hydrogen peroxide as a stain remover. It's a great alternative to bleach except its not chlorine bleach and you use it for first aid. So I feel a lot better about applications of hydrogen peroxide against infection. The way I like to use hydrogen peroxide is in a solution of two parts hydrogen peroxide and then one part dish soap mix that all together blot up your steam. First, apply this solution to your stain and let it sit for about 5-10 minutes and then launder it. As usual, this solution helps remove stains and you can also use it on carpet stains or upholstery stains.

To make a solution you can use one liter or one quart of water and they're about the same too that you're going to add a cup hydrogen peroxide. There's your solution dump in your product that you want to wash. Leave it there for a few minutes give it a good rinse, give it the old patent dry, and that way your product will be ready for you.

To eat no bacteria and no pesticides we get asked a lot about how to clean grout and recently we had a little bit of a garbage spill at the house and some garbage juice got into a grout line and there was a really quick solution for that using hydrogen peroxide. So I will share that with you guys all you need to do is mix two parts baking soda to 1 part hydrogen peroxide. Get out a cleaning toothbrush give it a good stir. Apply that paste to the affected grout line leave it for a few minutes give it a good scrub with that. Cleaning toothbrush rinse well because the baking soda is going to leave a fine gritty kind of feel behind. So you got to get rid of that. But once that's gone your grout is gonna look amazing.

A lot of people use bleach to clean their toilet bowls and here's a quick distinction bleach that can help whiten stains. Well if you don't want to use bleach you can sub in hydrogen peroxide. All you need to do is pour about a cup to a half cup whatever you got lying around in the toilet bowl. Leave it there for a couple of hours then get your toilet bowl brush to give it a really good swish. This will do is help break down stains and get rid of any lingering bacteria.

In the laundry room, hydrogen peroxide can be used in place of using bleach. You can use hydrogen peroxide but frankly, I'd argue that hydrogen peroxide performs even better not only does it white and white but new moms who asked me all the time how to deal with baby stains or cloth diaper stains. Here's all you have to do take a cup of hydrogen peroxide add it to the bleach compartment in your machine or just add it to your wash as you normally would with bleach. Let your machine do its thing hydrogen peroxide has this amazing ability especially with protein stains to break the bond between the dirt and the material and that way your steam will loosen up. It'll be able to wash out much easier and you will have better-looking laundry.

If you've ever looked at your toothbrush and got in a case of the loo then this is what you need to do fill a cup halfway with hydrogen peroxide and take your toothbrush and dunk it in there. Leave it for about 30 minutes or so the hydrogen peroxide will help get rid of any bacteria on your toothbrush making it smell better. If you ever sniff your toothbrush just take my word on it. It will smell better and it will also be free of bacteria which will help keep you healthier especially with folding.

If you're looking for a quick easy disinfectant in your kitchen look no further than the friendly brown bottle of hydrogen peroxide. Now quick note here you want to make sure that you test it in a hidden area on your kitchen surface before you use it as it can bleach things and causes discoloration. So if you want to use it in a kitchen to disinfect an area say you've got some meat on the counter you want to give it a good cleaning afterward. Here's what you need to do take some hydrogen peroxide and spray it onto the surface or you can just sort of sprinkle it out from the bottle on the surface. Leave it for about 10 minutes that will give the hydrogen peroxide the ability to do its thing. Then you want to wipe the surface clean and then if you want to you can give it a good final rinse and the surface will be clean and most bacteria-free.

One of my favorite things about doing all of this clean my space stuff is that I get to share with you guys all of the great applications for household items like for example hydrogen peroxide that you would find in your first-aid kit we talked about baking soda, rubbing alcohol, dish soap, vinegar, lemon salt all kinds of stuff.

So this is all about applications of hydrogen peroxide against infection. I hope you liked this article. Also, I request you to share the article with family and friends.

(All content and images are for educational purpose).

Thank you so much for reading this article.

Have you been oil pulling?

2020-05-18T15:33:00.000+05:30

Have you been oil pulling? Wait what's that? You don't know what oil pulling is? You may be wondering, well you're gonna want to hear what exactly is oil pulling?

Oil pulling is practicing oil, essentially sesame oil, olive oil, or coconut oil, and swishing it back and forth within your teeth. Oil pulling is a self-care practice targeting the mouth and the jaw based on ancient Ayurvedic healing techniques. This has been done and had major benefits for thousands of years. In an era of new-age practices, the world is still a buzz about an ancient one! It's used today in India and Asia all the time for your oral health. It uses the amazing benefits of oil to nourish the tissues inside your mouth especially the gums but also to draw out impurities like undigested food and natural toxins.

Health benefits of oil pulling:

The health benefits are it can help heal and cure tooth decay. It's been proved to help cure bleeding gums and naturally whiten your teeth, strengthen your jaw muscles, and overall cleanse your mouth.

The truth is this, I was talking to a well-known dentist recently and he was telling me that, and this is true from all the medical research, that the health of your mouth, the bacteria in your mouth, correlates with the health of the rest of your body. So by healing your mouth and improving your oral health you can improve the health of your entire body. Periodontal disease, or gingivitis or bad bacteria buildup within your mouth, is an indicator that you are at a higher risk of heart disease. Again, it's very, very important that you're cleansing not just your body but your oral cavity in your mouth regularly. This is also a magnificent thing to do to naturally purify up your breath and give you a lustrous smile.

Oil pulling gives you a collection of beauty advantages, limits some diseases, and wings you with a lustrous smile. The mouth offers a sanctuary to several bacteria, viruses, and fungi that pose a threat to our wellbeing.

Oil functions as a cleaner by pulling out these impurities before they get a chance to grow. So how does oil pulling work? Firstly, it frees up the immune system by reducing stress and internal inflammation. This then boosts energy, prevents heart diseases, allergies, headaches, and acne. And the best part? It partly aids weight loss!

Method of doing oil pulling:

So how exactly is oil pulling done? Try to start your day by doing this before you brush your teeth or drink anything. Try doing it while doing something else, like showering or working around the house. Try not to swallow any of the oil while doing this to prevent the toxins from getting back into your body.

Put a single tablespoon of coconut oil in your mouth and start to swish it back and forth in between your teeth for 10–15 minutes.

If that's too much for you, try doing it while doing something else, like showering or working around the house, reading a book, tidying up your bathroom. While you're swishing the oil will start mixing with your saliva making the oil thinner and your mouth feeling fuller this is normal and if it feels too uncomfortable you can spit out a little bit and keep going. Try your best though not to swallow the oil. It's not going to do serious harm but all those yucky natural toxins and debris are retained in that oil and we're trying to get rid of those so you don't want that stuff going back into your body.

Instead, once you're ready to spit out the oil into an appropriate receptacle. Spitting oil down your sink or tub can clog your drains over time. Better places to spit your oil or the trash the toilet or your lawn. After that, immediately rinse your mouth with warm salt water to remove the toxic debris. When you’re done, brush your teeth as you normally would.

Selection of oil for oil pulling:

Now, which oils exactly can be used for oil pulling? For this, you can use unrefined cold-pressed coconut oil, olive oil or even sesame oil to name a few. I love using coconut oil as it contains lauric acid, which has proven to be anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial, which means it fights off the microorganisms that cause bacteria.

You can even enhance the oil by adding ORGANIC essential oils like lemon, peppermint, or cinnamon but make sure to use a single drop for every tbsp of the oil you choose. Essential oils get absorbed and protect your oral mucosa that is the lining in your mouth. There are no harmful effects and this can be done by anyone. I suggest doing this 4 weeks every day and then after that, twice a week.

Oil pullers report that regular practice or even daily practice has an impact on oral hygiene such as fresh breath, whiter teeth, clearer sinuses, and even reduces tension in your jaw and neck. If you're looking for a natural organic and nourishing alternative to the conventional mouthwash you might wait to give oil pulling a try it's straight forward and easy.

How are viruses infect humans and how vaccines are manufactured?

2020-05-12T15:31:00.000+05:30

In this article we are going to discuss how are viruses infect humans and how vaccines are manufactured? Let's get started. Firstly we will know all about viruses.

About virus:

The first human virus was proposed by Walter Reed in 1901.

Viruses are everywhere from our surroundings to the very food we eat, we ingest, inhale and, take in millions of viruses every second. Pretty much all life on Earth has some kind of virus designed specifically to infect it including bacteria and even other viruses. Viruses are tiny very tiny you cannot visibly see them they are so small that if bacteria had eyes even they wouldn't be able to see all of them. Most scientists accept that viruses are not living but a complex collection of organic matter that can self-replicate. They mostly consist of a shell made of protein which inside contains either DNA or RNA with enzymes for replication and manipulation of their genetic materials.

How are viruses infect humans?

Let's look more closely- a virus is just a piece or strand of genetic information usually DNA or RNA which can be single or double-stranded this is the viruses genome it uses this with the help of various molecular machines to replicate itself. However it cannot do this alone it must inject some kind of cell. Cells are the smallest unit of life, they manufacture proteins, replicate DNA, and store resources. This makes them perfect hosts for viruses armed with its genetic material. Viruses can infect healthy cells and convert them into mindless virus-producing robots. The virus uses this outer protein coat covered in small molecular receptors to bind and join to the membrane of a cell.

This is essential as it is what determines which cells a virus can infect. Once joined the virus uses several complicated biological pathways to force the cell to either accept its genetic material or take in the entire virus itself once in the cell. The virus will then begin to use its molecular Arsenal to hijack the cell's protein manufacturing systems and DNA replication mechanism. After the virus has integrated itself into the cell's DNA the cell will then replicate its DNA and use it to manufacture proteins without the cell even knowing. It creates viral protein shells filling them with virus DNA completely making copies of the virus and collecting them. The virus producing machine starts to take over more and more of the cells. Protein manufacturing ribosomes churning out thousands of new viruses that quickly fill the cell. These viruses then cause tension within the cell and by several different means, bursts from the cell to infect new hosts for the same purpose seem like relentless biological vandalism to me.

Viruses are not all bad though some are being used to help strengthen disease resistance in crops whilst others such as HIV are being used in curing certain types of cancers. But what is the most remarkable of all is that many scientists believe some viruses that infected bacteria billions of years ago helped form the first cell nucleus. If this is true then all complex cellular life on Earth descended from a single virus and his rubbish attempt at trying to infect a bacterium. Now that is remarkable you.

About vaccines and how vaccines are manufactured?

Historians have found that the origin of vaccines goes back to ancient Asia and Africa. Early versions of what is now called vaccines are believed to have been discovered in response to a deadly disease known as smallpox which was widespread across many cultures and countries and affected rich and poor people equally. Fortunately vaccine light treatments were developed to protect people against the sickness in Asia. A technique known as variolation was used involving a person being purposefully infected with smallpox by placing pus from a smallpox or under their skin. This caused a milder disease than a full smallpox infection and resulted in the person gaining lifelong immunity. While widely practiced in Asia and Africa this was viewed with skepticism by European physicians and smallpox killed approximately 400,000 Europeans a year in the 18th century.

In 1796 Edward Jenner an English doctor demonstrated that cowpox virus treatment could also prevent smallpox disease. This works because the two viruses look very similar to the human immune system though. Jenner did not know that at the time. Jenner injected an eight-year-old boy with pus Kia taken from a cowpox or on the hand of a milkmaid. The little boy had a mild illness, not at all dangerous like smallpox and he recovered quickly. When Jenner later deliberately exposed the board to smallpox he didn't get sick his immune system was trained to fight off smallpox infection because of his prior exposure to cowpox. A fun fact, Jenner created the word vaccine from the Latin word Ibaka which means cow and vaccinia which is Latin for cowpox. Although injecting someone with pus caused by cowpox might sound gross Jenner's discovery. Ultimately led to the development of modern smallpox vaccines and wiped out smallpox, an amazing public health achievement. It was also the beginning of more vaccination discoveries and development.

Vaccine research continued to boom throughout the mid 20th century. Scientists began growing viruses in laboratories leading to discoveries.

One huge triumph of the time was the creation of the polio vaccine. Polio is a deadly virus that infects the central nervous system and can cause paralysis. It went from being a very common dangerous disease to one that is very rare. Because of the polio vaccine the development of vaccinations has allowed researchers to compact other common and sometimes deadly childhood diseases such as measles mumps and rubella. Very few people in our day and age have heard of some of these diseases. Since vaccines have dramatically reduced the number of cases of these and many other childhood diseases so at the end of the day we owe a big thank you to the individuals who were injected with pus by doctors in Asia.

Dr. Jenner helped to solidify the idea of training the immune system for future protection and for that we thanked the development of vaccine diseases such as polio measles and chickenpox are now preventable and parents no longer have to watch their children suffer from these once-common illnesses.

So this is all about how are viruses infect humans and how vaccines are manufactured? I hope you liked this article. Also, I request you to share the article with family and friends.

(All content and images are for educational purpose).

Thank you so much for reading this article.

Most popular Engineering branches after the 12th.

2020-05-02T16:46:00.001+05:30

Most popular Engineering branches after the 12th.

This article is about the most popular engineering branches after the 12th. These are the highest paying engineering branches but before going ahead towards the article there are few points will be noted:

Admission in engineering colleges is based on the entrance exam results.
Most of the private colleges take direct admissions so you need to check the admission procedure in your preferred College.
The salary which we are discussing over here is just an approximate figure.

So here are the most popular engineering branches:

1. Computer Science and Engineering:

Computer Science Engineering or Information Technology industry has flourished and it is in the boom for over a decade now and still at its peak. Students will be taught about design, implementation, and management of information system of computer hardware and software.

Computer Science Engineering is a rewarding yet challenging. It has become one of the most persuasive and rewarding carrier options for engineering candidates. Also it gives excellent employment opportunities in both hardware and software industries.

Computer science engineers are involved in the design of individual microprocessors, personal computers, and supercomputers, also circuit designing and writing software. If we'll talk about the top recruiters, all the MNC is including the pro-Infosys, Google, Facebook, Twitter give job opportunities for the CSE students with big packages. If we will talk about the salary part, one to two years of experience a person can earn from rupees five lakh to fifty lakh, and if somebody has experience between 10 to 12 years they can earn from 20 lakhs to up to 1 CR number.

2. Mechanical Engineering:

If we'll talk about Mechanical Engineering, M.E as evergreen stream that will never disappoint you. It has immense career scope in the government sector as well as private. If you have plenty of designing skills then definitely this branch is for you.

The top employers for mechanical engineers are railways, heavy engineering shipyard ports, mining, Defense Forces, National Highways, Metro Rail Corporation, etc. Engineering jobs usually pay well so if we will talk about the salary part one to two years of experience a person can earn from four lakh to eight lakh per annum and if somebody has experienced between ten to twelve years then they can earn between two lakhs to thirty lakhs.

3. Electrical Engineering:

This branch includes the electromagnetism, electronics, electricity, and the electricity application. It is a very demanding field of engineering. Its application is used worldwide and in the daily life students of electrical engineering are offered both theoretical and practical knowledge in a wide variety of subjects.

Some of the important topics covered in the subjects are engineering mathematics, electrical machine design, power system, control theory, power electronics, microcontrollers, safety management, and power utilization. Along with the theory classes there are also be practical sessions. Almost all the engineering colleges in the country offer electrical engineering prime recruiters of electrical engineers are Vale DRDO, Indian Armed Forces, Phillips, TCS, Reliance Industries, Panasonic, etc. The person who is having experience between one to two can earn between 2.5 to 3 lakhs and who has experienced between 10 to 12 years they can earn between 15 lakhs to 20 lakhs per annum.

4. Electronics & Communication Engineering:

Electronics is a part of our everyday lives and helping us to lead a smooth life. In this branch you will study all about electronic circuits, power electronics, fundamentals of communication engineering, signals and systems, applied electromagnetic theory, integrated circuits, digital electronics, and logic design VLSI, etc.

If you are a gadget nerd and interested in repairing or developing an electronic communication system then this branch is for you. There are excellent job opportunities especially in leading companies like Intel, Samsung India, LG Electronics, Sony Ericsson, etc. If we'll talk about the salary part then one to two years of experience can earn between three lakhs to five lakhs and who has experienced between 10 to 12 years they can earn between 16 lakhs to 30 lakhs.

5. Aerospace or Aeronautical Engineering:

Aeronautical Engineering is a specialized branch of engineering for the aviation industry. It includes analyzing the design, structure, and science of the airplane and spacecraft.

It is moreover divided into Aeronautical and Astronautical engineering which is interconnected. These engineers are one of the highly paid people in the field of engineering. Aeronautical engineers have technical skills with keen observation and strong calculator skills.

If you'll talk about top recruiters then Civil Aviation Department, Air India Hindustan Aeronautics, Indian Air Force, Private Airlines Helicopter Corporation of India, etc. A person who has experienced between one to two years can earn between five lakhs to eight lakhs and who has experience of ten years to they can earn between rupees 20 lakhs to 32 lakhs.

6. Civil Engineering:

There was a time when civil engineers were considered as the only engineers for their tremendous support and contribution in making airports, railways, bridges, and skyscrapers.

If you are interested in drawing plans and sketches then this course is for you. Job prospects after graduation are excellent. Top recruiters for civil engineers are VWT infrastructure management firms, Town Planning Commission, Reliance Industries, Indian Railways, LNP Tata Realty and infrastructure ports, etc.

A person who has experienced between one to two years will be earning between 2.5 to 5 lakhs per annum and who has experience between 10 to 12 years there approx salary will be between 12 lakhs to 18 lakhs per annum.

7. Chemical Engineering:

So if you have a passion for organic and inorganic chemistry then this is the right branch for you. When compared with other branches and courses is offered by a fewer number of colleges it is an evergreen branch. When it comes to job availability again this happened to be one of the highly paid branches of engineering. Since the job of engineers involve a lot of research to augment the manufacturing process most companies do not hesitate to pay a good amount.

Numerous opportunities in this include pharmaceuticals, FMCG industries, petrochemical industries, etc. Top recruiters for chemical engineers are ONGC, IOCL, BPCL, HPCL, GAIL, Reliance, Tata Chemicals, Asian Paints accept a person who has experience between one to two years. They can earn between five lakhs to nine lakhs and who has experience between 10 to 12 years they'll be earning between 18 lakhs to 30 lakhs. Over here I just want to mention the salary which I have mentioned here this is the approx.

So these are the most popular engineering branches after 12th and also pay very high. I hope you liked this article. Also, I request you to share the article with family and friends.

Thank you so much for reading this article.

(All content and images are for educational purpose).

Thanks...

An outline of Bioinformatics

2020-04-26T12:38:00.000+05:30

An outline of Bioinformatics

In this article we are going to talk about an outline of Bioinformatics. First of all, we are going to see the introduction after that component of bioinformatics and last we will talk about its applications.

Introduction of Bioinformatics:

So first of all it's a pretty basic introduction. Bioinformatics is a mix-up of biology and information technology. In this, we use the information to understand biological phenomena. It's like antisense technology, technology transcription, technology translation, and gene slicing as well. So it involves the computational tool methods used to manage analysis and manipulation of biological data. So we take the help of a computer and its software to analyzes and manipulates volume and volume of biological data. In this way we call it computational, biology, or can call it improved computer biology.

The application of quantitative analytical technique in modeling and solvable problem in the biological systems done under bioinformatics. Later after some time of its foundation it is concerned with the applications of quantitative analytical technique in modeling and solvent water type problems in biological systems.

It is an interdisciplinary approach requiring advanced knowledge of computer mathematics and understanding of biological phenomena at the molecular level. Which means in Bioinformatics, we will study two different subject at the same time first one is computer mathematics and another one is biological science.

History of Bioinformatics:

Now talk about its history or its foundation. It was first introduced in our 1990s. It came in our sight in the 1990s. It deals with the management and analysis of data related to be any RNA and protein sequences.

It includes gene expression profiles and protein structure. As you know protein has a full type of structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.

Applications of Bioinformatics:

In drug designing or drug testing: we identified different types of genes and their respective functions.

Now we come to its coverage or you can see sub-branches:

First one its functional genomics: In this, we will observe what kind of function.

The second one is structural genomics: In this, we are going to do of the protein structure and what kind of protein work in our system.
The third one is comparative genomics: In this branch we're going to understand the genome of different kind of species and their relation between each other.

DNA microarrays designated to measure the level of gene expression in different tissues, various stages of development, and in different kinds of disease. DNA microarrays are based on the target DNA sequence.

The next one is medical informatics: It involves the management of biomedical data with special reference to molecules for clinical trials or you can say in future input.

Structure or component of Bioinformatics:

Creation of database: In this we create a database for different kinds of protein sequences. The creation of databases is the first step of the foundation of bioinformatics. We have to create a remarkable kind of data. It involves organizing, storage, and management of the biological datasets. The Database should be accessible and it should always have new entries in it.

Other steps of the foundation of bioinformatics is the development of algorithm and statistics: In this, we are going to create the development of tools and resources to determine the relationship among the members of large datasets. In this comparison of protein sequence start off with the wholly existing protein sequence. It is an example of the development of algorithms.

Main statistics: In this we compare the newly created database of protein sequence with already existing protein sequence. It is the last step of foundational bioinformatics. Its analysis of data interpretation includes DNA, RNA, and protein sequences, gene expression profiles, and biochemical pathways. So now we have created and built the database we have analyzed over the term and we have created many kinds of algorithms of knowing our data.

Now we talk about bioinformatics and the relation of the Internet.

Bioinformatics and the relation of the Internet:

It is an international computer network. It involves a group of computers that can communicate and exchange data between users. So it is a kind of a network of communication and you can exchange your partner anywhere. So internet protocol we call it IP determines how the packets of information are addressed and routed over the network.

To access the internet computer must have the correct hardware appropriate domain, good software, and permission for access to the network. You have access to knowing database of we are going to enter of that network and you should also have the correct hardware and appropriate software - besides due to this we are going to talk about its applications sequence mapping of biomolecules as well as like DNA RNA proteins. It helps to create sequence mapping of these types of molecules. It also helped for the production of the three-dimensional structure of proteins, molecular modeling of biome skills for drug testing, or educational purpose.

Designing and handling of drugs for medical treatment not done without the help of computer development of models for the functioning of every cell, tissue, and organs.

We have created many types of models how they work, how the tissue work, how the organs or how the various cells were quite the help of bioinformatics.

So I hope guys you will get the whole bioinformatics so if you have any query comment down below.

Top career options that you can choose after 10th.

2020-04-26T00:02:00.000+05:30

Top career options that you can choose after 10th.

What after class 10th?
Which stream to choose for?
Should I consider professional courses or stick to more traditional options?

These are a few questions that haunt students who have appeared for class 10th final exams and are waiting for the results.

The answer to these questions determines your future. Therefore it is natural for class 10th appeared students to be concerned about it.

So today in this article I will be telling you about some top career options that you can choose after 10th with their importance relevance in the present time, career prospects in the field, and much more so let's get started.

First of all let me tell you about some of the career options that are available to a 10th class pass out.
The main or you can say popular career options after 10th class are:

Science stream with the Medical field.
Science stream with the Technical field.
Commerce stream.
Arts stream.
Polytechnic Courses (Diploma after 10th).
ITI Certification Courses.

Once you finish your 10th standard you have to choose subjects for your higher studies.

Options for Engineering interested students or non-medical fields:

You can take physics, chemistry, and mathematics as their main subjects and two other subjects of your interest.

If you are interested in the technical field and you are a hardworking student then these subjects will give you more outcomes in your future.

Choosing engineering will also give you various options like:

Defense services like Air Force, Merchant Navy, etc.
Computer Science Engineer after B.tech (Bachelors of Technology) in Computer Science.
Information Technology Engineer after B.tech in Information Technology.
Electronics and Communication Engineer after B.tech in Electronics and Communication Science.
Electrical Engineer after B.tech in Electrical Engineering.
Biotech Engineer after B.tech in Biotechnology.
Mechanical Engineer after B.tech in Mechanical Engineering.
Civil Engineer after vB.tech in Civil Engineering.
Food Engineer after B.tech in Food Engineering.
Chemical Engineer after B.tech in Chemical Engineering.
Petrochemical Engineer after B.tech in Petrochemical Engineering.

Other than B.tech which is 4 years of duration, you can choose 3 years course Bachelors in Science (B.Sc) in various fields like B.Sc in Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, etc.
After B.Sc you can go for Masters: Masters in Science (M.Sc) in related fields. Like this, if you want to go for higher studies in your specialized field, you can also go for M.tech (Masters of Technology) after B.tech in your relevant field of B.tech.

Options for Medical field students:

After choosing the medical field you can take physics, chemistry, and biology as their main subjects and two other subjects of your interest.
After that, you can prepare for competitive exams like:

MBBS,
BDS,
Nursing,
Pharmacy,
Biotechnology,
Forensic Sciences, etc.

If you are interested in the medical world which is very huge and also very interesting as it has many diversifications. If you love people and want to help people with your medical knowledge you can go for it.

After taking the medical field you have the following options:

You can go for MBBS. But I suggest you can choose MBBS if you have a very deep knowledge of your field. You have to crack some competition exams before beginning in this. You can take online classes or can join various institutes.

You can go for other courses like BDS, BAHMS, BUMS, etc.

In this stream you can also go for B.Sc (Bachelors in Science) in Zoology, Botany, Biotechnology, etc.

Note that the branch Biotechnology is the only branch in which both technical and medical can work. Let me explain, the course B.tech in Biotechnology available for both medical and technical students. So if you have biology in 12th and you want to do something technical in biology or want to do biological research using technology you can choose B.tech in biotechnology. In short B.tech in Biotechnology course is for both medical and technical.

Biotechnology is a very diversified field in which we will study or do research using microorganisms by employing the latest technology.

Biotechnology is the field of the future as we see that nowadays people are more conscious about their health due to Coronavirus and the demand of biotechnologists increases day by day. But after choosing biotechnology make sure you will have to be very specific and have a very very deep knowledge of your specialization.

I suggest you if you are very very good at biology and want to do anything unique or special you can choose this field.

Options for Commerce Stream:

You can choose the commerce stream by taking subjects like Accounts, Business, Economics and two other subjects of your choice.

If you want to make your career in accounts, finance, management, or other relevant fields then after your 10th you can go for commerce.

As a career commerce stream is the second most popular. This stream is very different from science. As compare to science commerce stream has not many options but if you are good in your subjects then you will get high paying jobs such as:

Chartered Accountant (CA) or Secretaries Accountants (CS) at Chartered Accountants Company.
You can also get a job in Banking sectors as a financial advisor, clerk, manager, etc.
Or if you want to go for government jobs in banks I suggest you can choose commerce.

Options for Art stream:

If you are interested in the mass media, journalism, literature, sociology, social service, human psychology, politics, economics, and history then you must choose Art stream after passing the 10th examination.

This stream offers subjects like history, geography, political science, psychology, sociology, English, Hindi, and Sanskrit for higher secondary level.

Creative fields involve a lot of competition and pressure to meet deadlines that means it involves lots of hard work.

Polytechnic and ITI certification courses:

There are also a few candidates who are not interested in conventional studies and are more interested in some professional job oriented courses that can help them get some job early in life. There can be different reasons for such behaviors at times. There are students who did not belong to a high-class family and supporting their education is not possible for their family. Such candidates can ask for Polytechnic diploma after completing their tenth class.

Polytechnic diploma is a kind of technical course which provides skill development and practical training. The duration of this diploma is three years in which you have to attend regular classes. You can choose from a number of options available according to your interests and requirements.

As a Polytechnic diploma can be done in engineering and non-engineering field some of the branches that you can opt for are diploma in civil engineering Electrical Engineering mechanical electronics or computer science engineering diploma in instrumentation and control diploma in information technology diploma in dairy engineering and a diploma in textile technology
If somehow you are not able to secure good marks in your 10th class and could not secure admission in diploma course and still want to go for practical education I suggest they should go for that industrial training institutions and industrial training centers. These institutions provide professional training in various job oriented courses and make candidates suitable to perform a particular job like hair cutting, operating machines, stitching, embroidery, etc constituted under the Ministry of Labour Union Government of India.

Indian government run ITI and privately run ITC's are the technical field as well as other job oriented courses. ITI courses are designed to empower the basic skills needed for a specific trade like electrician, machinist, fitter, plumber, welder, etc.

In the end, I just want to say that you should know what you are capable of. It is very important to analyze your capabilities and act accordingly rather than following a bunch of like-minded people because if you make a wrong decision after 10th class you will have to live with it for the rest of your life that's all from this article. Guys I hope you find this article informative.

(All content and images are for educational purpose).

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Top 10 medicinal benefits of Turmeric

2020-04-21T20:39:00.001+05:30

Top 10 medicinal benefits of Turmeric

In this article we will discuss the top 10 medicinal benefits of Turmeric. Turmeric has been used as a natural remedy for years. Stay reading for the top 10 health benefits of using turmeric to supplement your diet.

Number one: Reduces depression and PTSD symptoms.

One of the issues with the current non-natural depression and PTSD medications is that they can cause other damaging side effects to patients. Turmeric is an unbelievable natural alternative to these medications. Turmeric contains curcumin which reduces depression symptoms according to researchers. It has also been found to help antidepressants work better and treat disorders involving fear memories such as PTSD.

Number two: Prevents gallstones.

Gallbladder pain is highly unpleasant and is often difficult to safely treat with medications in the long run. One of the best natural approaches to pain relief for gallbladder disease sufferers is turmeric. Studies have found that turmeric stimulates the gallbladder to produce bile and helps the gallbladder to empty itself. The curcumin found inside turmeric also helps to naturally relieve pain and inflammation caused by gallbladder disease.

Number three: Protects the liver.

When it comes to the health of our body's internal organs turmeric is highly effective due to its antioxidant properties. The antioxidant properties of turmeric are so powerful that some studies show evidence of it preventing the liver from being damaged by toxins. People who take strong drugs for disorders such as diabetes may be able to protect their liver from long-term medication use simply by adding turmeric to their diets.

Number four: Relieves flu symptoms.

On a more basic level turmeric has been proven to help us feel at our healthiest on a day to day basis by relieving common cold and flu symptoms. Alongside eating ginger biscuits and drinking honey a common natural cold remedy is to make yourself healthier. A beverage of warm milk with a teaspoon of turmeric is said to contain all the anti-inflammatory, bacterial and antiviral elements to cure a cold.

Number five: Reduces plaque buildup.

Turmeric doesn't just help to cure mental and physical illness it's also great for maintaining dental health. One study found that turmeric can prevent gingivitis a disease of the gums that can lead to swelling bleeding and tooth loss. The spices curcumin content enables it to remove plaque, bacteria and inflammation from the teeth and gums in the same way that a mouthwash can.

Number six: Recovery after stroke.

Stroke patients have been given new hope in the most unexpected form with scientific research concluding that turmeric can repair brain cells that have been damaged by stroke. It's the curcumin inside turmeric that feeds and supports the mechanisms that protect and regenerate brain cells after a stroke.

Number seven: Lowers high blood pressure and acts as a natural painkiller.

High blood pressure is one of the most common ailments that people across the world are diagnosed with left untreated. It can lead to a heart attack but many people don't realize that high blood pressure can be entirely prevented with turmeric. Turmeric's antioxidant properties are responsible for regulating blood pressure in the body as well as treating damage cost to the arteries by high blood pressure.

Before you pop the pills for painkilling consider a natural alternative instead there's a reason why turmeric is used widely to make medicine. It's known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity that can promote healing.

Number eight: Prevents obesity.

No certainty taking lots of turmeric will help you to lose weight but it has been proven to reduce the inflammation associated with obesity. Your body will lose weight more easily when it doesn't have to fight inflammation.

Number nine: Improves skin health.

Maintaining healthy skin isn't easy especially when we're exposed to so many harmful pollutants in the air daily. Luckily you don't have to resort to strong medication to treat acne or other skin problems again. It is turmeric anti-inflammatory properties that make it such a good treatment for maintaining healthy skin. Turmeric targets the pores calming irritation and even reducing scarring.

Number ten: Prevents certain cancers.

Turmeric is promoted as an alternative complementary cancer treatment with evidence suggesting that it can kill cancer cells. As inflammation is a cause of some cancers turmeric can also prevent the formation of cancer cells with its anti-inflammatory properties.

(All content and images are for educational purpose).

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BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM & TECHNIQUE.

2020-04-15T22:14:00.001+05:30

Biomedical Waste Management System:

In this article we will discuss about Biomedical Waste Management System.

The learning objectives include: What is biomedical waste and its sources of generation?

It will also help you gain knowledge about the different types of biomedical waste. You can understand the steps of biomedical waste management and also understand the proper mode of collecting and segregating the biomedical waste.

At the end we will also look into the risks associated with biomedical waste, its method of treatment and disposal.

What is Biomedical Waste?

Biomedical waste or our wastes which are generated from diagnosis treatment and immunization center which involves treatment of human beings and animals. They can be solid waste or liquid waste and they post risk.

Why Biomedical Waste Management is important?

The infectivity and the toxicity of biomedical waste pose hazards to human beings and animals that is why its management is very very important.

Types of Biomedical Waste Management:

Based on the source of biomedical waste they are categorized into two types major and minor sources.

Primary health centers, medical college, veterinary college, blood banks, biotechnology institutions, production units, government hospitals, and private hospitals. The wastes generated from these units are categorized under major source likewise under minor sources there are small vaccination centers, psychiatric clinics, funeral services, institutions for disabled persons all leave come under minor sources.

The biomedical waste is broadly classified into non-hazardous and hazardous wastes.

A major portion of biomedical waste is non-hazardous it is about 75 to 90 percent of biomedical wastes are not hazardous, it is not risky and it is similar to domestic waste generally these are generated from the administration and maintenance of hospitals and healthcare premises.

Hazardous waste constitutes about 10 to 20 percent of the overall biomedical waste they are infected as well as toxic. That is why it forces Major Hazard to the environment.

Hazardous wastes are against subcategorized into seven types:

First one infectious waste: Waste which contained pathogens are called infectious waste. For example laboratory cultures waste isolated from warts tissue equipment which are in contact with infected patients and their excreta.

Second, are pathological wastes and human tissues or fluids. Body parts, blood and other body fluids are categorized under pathological waste. For example expired medicine contaminated pharmaceuticals are categorized under pharmaceutical waste.

Waste which is specially generated from cytostatic drugs that are used in cancer are generally termed as title psycho static drugs, they are categorized under toxic chemicals waste, containing chemical substances example disinfectant solvents that are expired and are no longer needed are categorized as chemical wastes.

The next type of wastes are batteries, thermometers, blood-pressure pressurized containers, gas cylinders, gas cartridges, and aerosol cans these are categorized under wastes that contain a high content of heavy metals.

The last type of waste is radioactive waste: Waste containing radioactive substances for example unused liquids generated from laboratory during research, contaminated glassware packages, urine and excreta from patients who are treated with radioactive waste categorized under radioactive waste.

Four major steps of Biomedical Waste Management:

Segregation collection
Storage transportation
Treatment
Disposal.

Need for Biomedical Waste Management:

Infectivity and toxicity make biomedical waste more hazardous and its management is very very essential.

First it induces various risks to human health and the surrounding ecosystem. It leads to environmental hazards occupational and public hazards that is why it is very very important for proper biomedical waste management.

Biomedical waste management includes four steps:

1. Segregation: Segregation is nothing but the simple separation of waste into different categories according to the categories they are segregated and dumped into a different bag which are color-coded. Segregation reduces special needs of waste handling and treatment they avoid mixing biomedical waste along with other municipal wastes, they avoid legal reuse of materials like used syringes needles and other plastics it offers a chance for recycling certain components of medical waste like plastics after proper disinfection. Recycle plastic materials can be used for non-food application purposes.

The biodegradable waste can be composted and also it can be used for composting purpose now based on the segregation the waste or the biomedical waste are segregated into ten different categories:

The table given here summarizes there are ten different categories of biomedical waste based on the segregation party.

Category 1: Category 1 includes human anatomical waste.
Category 2: Covers animal waste especially the tissues organs body parts carcasses bleeding parts fluid blood which are generated from veterinary hospitals colleges and animal houses.
Category 3: Includes microbiology and technology waste: Waste which is generated from laboratory cultures stocks or specimens of life microorganisms or attenuated vaccine, waste from the production of biological toxins are also included under this category.
Category 4: Includes all waste shafts. Shafts are nothing but leaders syringes capsules scalpel blades etc
Category 5: Includes discarded medicine and cytotoxic drugs.
Category 6: Includes soiled ways soil weights are nothing but items contaminated with body fluids including cotton dressings plaster linens bedding and other materials contaminated with blood.
Category 7: Includes wastes that are generated from disposable items apart from waste shafts all other items are included in this category which includes tubing intravenous catheters etc.
Category 8: It includes liquid waste wastes that are generated from laboratory washing cleaning housekeeping and disinfecting activities.
Category 9: Deals with ash generated from incinerators while in generating biomedical waste.
Category 10: It includes chemical waste all chemicals which are used in the production of biologicals chemicals and other disinfectants example insecticides are categorized under this.

Collection of Biomedical Waste:

Use of different types of containers for different sources of biomedical waste. The container bins should be located in such a manner that a hundred percent collection is achieved the bins and they should carry the biohazard symbol which will represent the nature of the waste figure.

The biomedical waste should be placed in a proper place. They should be segregated into different categories and put in respective designated containers. Now each container should be clearly labeled and they should be kept aside. The reason for labeling is that it may be necessary to trace the waste back to its source. The storage spot always should be on a noticeable area with respective warning signs. The extent of storage should not go beyond 8 to 10 hours in big hospitals which include almost more than not 250 beds and the storage time should be less than 24 hours.

This flow chart provides the color coding for collection of biomedical waste as shown here:

Yellow color plastic bags include wastes that are generated or which are categorized under 1, 2, 3 & 6.
Red color bag contains wastes which are categorized under 3, 6 & 7.
Blue and white translucent plastic bags are used for storing wastes that are categorized under 4 & 7.
Black color plastic bags are used for category waste which are 5, 9 and 10.

Now after segregation and collection it is important how do you transport the waste.

2. Storage Transportation: Transportation plays an important role. Biomedical waste is transported in two ways either in trolleys or in enclosed. The bags of containers should be tight or littered before hauling into a different place. Special vehicles should be used to avoid contact and direct contact with the transportation operators, scavengers and public. The driver should be trained in such a way that in case of accident he should be able to attend to the spillage.

This figure shows the trolley where the different color-coded bins are being carried off.

There is a second type of vehicle called as wheelbarrows.

Two types of wheelbarrows are there: one is covered and the other one is open.

It is always made up of steel and it is provided with a handle only packed waste in plastic bags. It should be taken to prevent the liquid waste from spilling into the wheelbarrow.

Wheelbarrow can be made of stainless steel with a self-closing lid. It should be sterilized every day with formaldehyde gas. The contaminated linen that is contaminated with blood or other body fluids from each flow must be bundled in a soiled linen or a plastic bag before expelling into the chilled.

The tubes are established in a hospital and alternatively elevators with mechanical Winchell's or electrical ventures can be used to bring down the waste containers from each flow.

Now dust bins are again color-coded and they are used in the storage of biomedical waste dust bin should be placed at a specific site so that they do not overflow between each cycle of waste collection. It should be clean subsequently at each cycle with a proper disinfectant. The dust bins should be wrinkled with plastic bags that are chlorine-free and color-coded as per the law.

3, 4. Treatment and disposable method: Before final disposal the biomedical waste must be disinfected all anatomical waste and can be disposed of by deep barrier syringes to be cut and chemically disinfected with 1% bleaching powder at the source of generation before final disposal into shark pits.

Autoclaving of plastics is done that are infected and are sent into municipal dumps for final disposal.

The incineration method is done to minimize organic (or combustible) waste to inorganic in-combustible matter. Incineration is done at a high temperature of about 900 to 1100 degrees Celsius. It is a dry oxidation process that results in a significant reduction of waste volume and weight the process is usually selected to treat waste which cannot be recycled reused or disposed of.

Now pressurized gas containers, chemical waste, silver salts, photographic or radiographic waste, halogenated plastics such as PVC waste with high mercury or cadmium content, broken thermometers, second-hand batteries, lead-lined wood panels, sealed ampules or ampules containing heavy metals should not be incinerated in an incinerator.

Now the advantage of incineration is it provides good disinfection competence. It reserves an extreme reduction of weight and volume of waste. The residues that are left out after insulation they can be disposed of in a landfill it has relatively low investment and operating cost with the less skilled person.

Disadvantages of incineration: there is a considerable release of atmospheric pollutants due to incineration also it needs for the cyclic of slag and dirt that results from incineration. Inadequacy in demolishing anti-thermal chemicals and drugs such as cytotoxic makes it the biggest disadvantage of this method.

Next type of treatment method is autoclave: Autoclaving of biomedical waste is been popularly practiced. It is used to disinfect and treat biomedical waste the biomedical waste was subjected to following temperature and pressure based on its residence time. If the autoclave residence time is not less than 60 minutes the temperature should be less than 121 degrees Celsius with a pressure of 15 pounds per square inches or PSI. If the autoclave residence time is not less than 45 minutes the temperature should not be less than 135 with a pressure of 31 psi.

Likewise if the autoclave residence time is not less than 30 minutes the temperature should not be less than 149 degrees Celsius with a pressure of 52 psi while opening in a vacuum autoclave medical waste is first subjected to a minimum of one free vacuum autoclave. The autoclave with air heating may kill the approved biological indicator at the maximum design capacity of the autoclave unit. The biological indicator of an autoclave unit is bacillus sterile thermophilic spores they are called as spore dials or sports strips with at least 1 into 10 to the power of 4 sports per ml. Hence the temperature must be less than 121 degrees Celsius or a pressure must be less than 15 psi. The chemical indicator strip or tape alters the color which confirms that the respective temperature has been reached it may be essential to use more than one strip over the waste package at various locations to ensure that the inner content of the package has been effectively autoclaved.

(All content and images are for educational purpose).

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Human Circulatory System

2020-04-12T11:50:00.000+05:30

Human Circulatory System

In this article, we're going to be discussing the blood vessels, the arteries, and the veins. We're going to learn about the differences between the arteries and the veins, the blood circulation through heart, lungs and complete system of circulation in humans.

The two kinds of circulatory systems in the body are the systemic circulation and the pulmonary circulation.

The systemic circulation is taking blood from the aorta pumped out by the left ventricle to all the systems of the body so it goes to the brain, the spinal cord, the kidneys, the liver, the hands and the feet.

It goes everywhere except the lungs so the systemic circulation is perfusing all the systems of the body but the pulmonary circulation from the right ventricle the blood is leaving the pulmonary artery and is going to the lungs only to be oxygenated.

An artery is simply any vessel that carries blood away from the heart it is that simple so an arterial vessel is carrying blood away from the heart.

The vein carries blood towards the heart, or we can say that veins bringing blood back towards the heart.

Arteries do not have valves to ensure one-way flow but veins do have valves now the reason for this is that the blood goes through the tube of the artery under the influence of the blood pressure generated by the contraction of the heart. In the case of the systemic circulation, the pressure generated by the left ventricle and in the case of the pulmonary circulation, the pressure generated by the right ventricle but the veins don't have this excess because they're carrying blood back towards the heart.

That means the blood only travels in that direction from the periphery back towards the heart and for this reason the veins will have valves.

Once the blood has gone from a lower part of the vein up into the next part of the vein then it shouldn't be able to repeat backward because these valves will shut.

Human Heart

Our heart is similar to a pump, it is a muscular organ about the size of our fist and is located slightly left of the center in our chest.

Our heart is divided into two partitions: the right and the left.

The partition protects oxygen-rich blood from mixing with oxygen-poor blood together. The heart and blood vessels establish the cardiovascular system which circulates oxygen and blood throughout the entire body.

For more information watch complete video tutorial ↥↥↥

In a single minute, our heart pumps approximately five quarts of blood. It beats around 100,000 times in a day ie. nearly 35 million times in 1 year.

Oxygen poor blood (Blue in color) returns to the heart after circulating throughout the body.

The right side of the heart composed of the right atrium and ventricle that collects and pumps the blood to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries. The lungs refresh the blood with a new supply of oxygen making it turn oxygen-rich blood (red in color). The oxygen-rich blood then enters the left side of the heart composed of the left atrium and ventricle and is pumped through the aorta to the whole body. The tricuspid mitral pulmonary and aortic valves work like gates within the heart keep our blood moving the right way.

These valves open only in one direction when pushed. Each valve opens and closes every second makes one heartbeat. In this way the heart contracts and relaxes. Contraction of the heart known as systole and relaxing of the heart known as diastole. Our ventricles contract and forcing blood into the vessels going to your lungs and body during systole.

The right ventricle contracts a little bit before the left ventricle does your ventricles then relaxes during diastole and are filled with blood coming from the upper chambers - the left and right atria. Then the cycle starts over again.

Our heart is nourished by blood to blood vessels called coronary arteries extend over the surface of your heart and branch into smaller capillaries.

Here in the picture, you can see the network of blood vessels that nourish our heart with oxygen-rich blood.

Our heart also has electrical wiring which keeps it beating electrical impulses begin high in the right atrium and travel through specialized pathways to the ventricles delivering the signal to pump the conduction system and keeps our heart beating in a coordinated and normal rhythm which in turn keeps blood circulating the continuous exchange of oxygen-rich blood with oxygen-poor blood.

(All content and images are for educational purpose).
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Spottings, Milestones, and Innovations in the field of Science

2020-04-09T10:14:00.000+05:30

Spottings, Milestones, and Innovations in the field of Science:

We understand about tremendous discoveries in higher school. However, science doesn't end here. We will bring your knowledge to the next layer that makes it actually fascinating. The information outlines the beginnings of all the other incredible things we go on to examine.

Here are some of the remarkable innovations of great scientists:

GALILEO GALILEI

(Father of Science) an Italian Mathematician, Physicist, Astronomer and Philosopher contributed a significant role in the revolution of science.

Galileo (an Italian scientist) created a significant telescope and corroborated revolutionary assumptions about the nature of the world. Moreover invented a superior compass.

ALBERT EINSTEIN

(1905) concluded that the principles of physics are identical for all non-accelerating testified and the speed of light in a vacuum was autonomous of the motion of all testified (theory of relativity).

ROBERT HOOKE

(1665) discovered honeycomb structure from a skinny slice of cork through a self-designed microscope. He found that these carries with it several very little compartments or boxes whom he referred to as cells.

A cell may be a Latin word for a little area.

ANTONY VAN LEEUWENHOEK

1674 discovered the lifestyle cells in lake water for the primary time.

ROBERT BROWN

1831 discovered the nucleus within the cell.

PURKINJE

(1839) minted the term 'protoplasm' (the fluid material of the cell).

SCHLEIDEN (1838)

THEODOR SCHWANN (1839)

Cell Theory was given by 2 biologists Schleiden (1838) and Theodor Schwann (1839).

According to this theory :

All the animals & plants are built of cells.

The cell is the fundamental unit of existence.

The scientific theory was additionally expanded by Rudolf Virchow (1855) by suggesting: All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

The discovery of the microscope in 1940 created it potential to look at and perceive the advanced structure of the cell and its varied organelles. The microorganisms like genus Chlamydomonas are made from single-cell and are referred to as living organisms.

In numerous cellular animals like some fungi, plants and animals, many cells, cluster along in a particular single body and assume totally different functions in it to make varied body elements.

The shape and size of cells are associated with particular functions. Some cells like amoeba have changing forms whereas nerve cells have a typical shape.

ANTOINE LAVOISIER

(Father of Chemistry), he was the chemist from France discovered modern chemistry.

His prominent spotting role of oxygen in combustion named oxygen in 1778.

When two objects are rubbed, they become electrically charged. This concept could be explained only with an assumption that an atom is divisible and consists of charged particles. This further indicates that particles in the matter are the charged identities.

All living and non-living things are made up of smaller pieces called matter.

Across eighty years ago, scientists believed that the atom was the tiniest piece of matter.

ERNEST RUTHERFORD

In 1911, Ernest Rutherford revealed that atoms are made of a positively charged core called nucleus spun by negatively charged particles called electrons.

J.J THOMSON

The first charged particles which could be identified in an atom were the 'electrons' and found out by J.J Thomson.

An atom comprises negatively charged electrons and positively charged particles that's why an atom is electrically neutral.

E. GOLDSTEIN

In 1886, E. Goldstein using the discharge tube with perforated cathode discovered the presence of new radiations in a gas discharge and called them canal rays.

These canal rays were positively charged radiations which ultimately led to the discovery of another subatomic particle. This subatomic particle had a charge, similar in magnitude but opposite in sign to that of the electron. Its mass was approximately two thousand times as that of the electron. It was given the name of a proton.

ARCHIMEDES

Archimedes, an ancient Greek astronomer, and mathematics evaluated pi and generated the Archimedes screw for moving up water from wells.

LEONARDO DA VINCI

Leonardo Da Vinci, an artist, and scientist formulated an enormous range of devices and brought out models that confirmed feasible over years like parachutes, flying machines, tanks and bridges. Also, logical innovations comprised an optical lens grinder and numerous hydraulic machines.

SIR ISAAC NEWTON

Sir Isaac Newton (An English Scientist, Physicist and a great Astronomer) enhanced the ability of telescope by generating the reflecting telescope.

THOMAS SAVERY

An English inventor, Thomas Savery invention of the steam engine was used for the pumping out water from mines and wells.

JOHN DALTON

John Dalton (an English chemist and meteorologist) remembered for inaugurating the atomic theory in chemistry.

PHILIPP EDUARD ANTON VON LENARD

Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard (A German physicist) famous for his endeavor on cathode rays and the spotting of practical completion of the photoelectric effect.

JOHANN GREGOR MENDEL

Johann Gregor Mendel (father of genetics) proposed the basic fundamental laws of inheritance.

He interpreted that genes appear in pairs and are inherited from each parent. He comprehended the mathematical ways of inheritance from one generation to the next.

PAUL DIRAC

Paul Dirac proposed the theory of antimatter (1928).

According to his Schrodinger Wave Equation, there is a possibility of antielectrons which was later observed by Carl D. Anderson in 1932 and quoted as Positrons.

(All content and images are for educational purpose).

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HEALTH BENEFITS OF LIQUORICE ROOT | MULETHI.

2020-04-08T11:39:00.000+05:30

Medicinal Health Benefits Of Liquorice Root (Mulethi).

Health Benefits Of Liquorice Root (Mulethi).

(An ancient traditional herb in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine).

Scientific Name: Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Glycyrrhiza-sweet wood).
Family: Fabaceae (Legumes and Peas family).
Kingdom: Plantae.
English Name: Liquorice.
Hindi Name: Jethimadhu.
Sanskrit Name: Yashtimadhu.
Kannada Name: Atimadhura.
Tamil Name: Athimadhuram.
Marathi Name: Jeshthamadh.
Gujarati Name: Jethimadh.
Bengali Name: Yastimadhu.
Telugu Name: Atimaduramu.
Malayalam Name: Irattimadhuram.

About Liquorice Plant

Type: Perennial Plant.
Length: 1-2 meters tall.
Root Length: 3-4 feet long.
Leaves: Dark Green Colored Pinnate Leaves.
Flower: Yellow or Purple Colored.
Cultivation: Lower Himalayan Regions.
Climatic Condition: In Moderate Rainfall and Warm Climates.
Soil Type: Fertile Sandy Soils.

Chemical Composition & Nutritive Value

Taste: 50 times sweeter than sucrose due to the presence of Glycyrrhizin (Triterpenoid).
Colour: Yellow due to the presence of Flavonoids.

(10g of Liquorice contains):

Calories: 34 (141 kJ).
Total Fat: 0 g
Saturated Fat: 0 g
Trans Fat: 0 g
Polyunsaturated Fat: 0 g
Monounsaturated Fat: 0 g
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: 0 g
Cholesterol: 0 mg
Sodium: 20 mg
Total Carbohydrate: 7.8 g
Dietary Fiber: 0 g
Sugars: 4.8 g
Protein: 0.5 g
Calcium: 13 mg
Alcohol: 0 g
Iron: < 1 mg
Vitamin A: 0 mg
Vitamin C: 0 mg

Medicinal Properties of Liquorice

anti-inflammatory,
anti-allergy,
anti-oxidant,
anti-bacterial,
anti-microbial,
anti-viral,
anti-ulcer.

Medicinal Health Benefits

Improves oral health:

Due to its anti-bacterial & anti-microbial properties, it can minimize the growth of bacteria inside the mouth and keeps the teeth and gums free from cavities, bad breath and reduce plaque.

Improves skin tone:

The anti-bacterial property of Licorice protects the skin from harmful Ultraviolet Radiations. It can also help in acne marks and treating pigmentation of the skin.

Licorice powder can be used as a face pack for various skin benefits.

Licorice powder: 1 tbsp.

Milk: 100 ml.

Yogurt: 2 tbsp.

Olive oil: 5 drops.

Mix all and apply on the face.

Wash it off after 30 minutes.

Helps in weight reduction:

Licorice help to lower unnecessary fats collected in the body as it contains Flavonoids. Overweight people can use Licorice oil and consume Licorice supplements to reduce visceral fat. Licorice intake can also cure Obesity conditions as well.

Care for Respiratory Infections:

Licorice root can heal bronchitis and cough problems as it has bronchodilator & expectant properties which reduces chronic asthma also.

Boosts immunity:

Enzymes present in roots of licorice boost macrophages and lymphocytes inside the body increases immunity helpful in fighting from pollutants, and microbes.

Care for Digestive Problem:

The strong compounds like Carbenoxolone and Glycyrrhizin present in Licorice root help to relieve heartburn, stomach discomfort, acidity and various stomach infections.

Eases menopausal symptoms:

Licorice root has a beneficial effect on menopausal hot flashes as it contains Phyto estrogenic blends useful in maintaining hormonal imbalance to ease symptoms of menopause like depression, mood swings, insomnia, etc.

Available forms of Liquorice

Dried roots are available at various herb marts.

Powdered retailed as mulethi powder.

Capsules are available at various medical stores named as DGL (Di-glycyrrhizinated Licorice).

Extracts forms.

Dosage

For children: 0.5 mg - 1 g.
For adults: 5 g.
It should take always in the advised dosage.
It is not recommended for more than 1 month for anyone.

Overdosing symptoms

Headache
High blood pressure
Weakness
Shifts in menstrual flow in females.
Not suggested during pregnancy.
Do not intake Licorice during pregnancy.
Do not intake Licorice during breastfeeding.
Not suggested for those people who have blood pressure problems as it increases blood pressure.
Do not take Licorice with diabetic medicines as it reduces blood sugar levels.

(All content and images are for educational purpose).

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3-D Printing of Body Parts

2020-04-08T10:57:00.000+05:30

3-D Printing of Body Parts:

21st Century "the era of science and technology" has witnessed the completion of the human genome project, the creation of artificial DNA, novel drugs being brought to the market. The new buzz in the scientific committee is about the 3-D printing of body parts.

Wondering how 3-D plant and body parts are relative?

Read through how researchers from Cornell University, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Washington State University, University of Pennsylvania and Massachusetts Institute of Technology shaped up this novel innovation.

EAR: The Detector

Design: Bioengineers acquire a 3-D scan of a child's ear, devise a seven-part mold in the Solid Works CAD program, and print the pieces. The mold is then injected with a high-density gel made from 250 million bovine cartilage cells and collagen from rat tails (the latter serves as a scaffold). After 15 minutes, the ear is removed and incubated in cell culture for quite a few days. In months, the cartilage propagates in the right proportion to replace the collagen.

Gain: At least one child in 12,500 is born with a state characterized by hearing loss to an underdeveloped or malformed outer ear. Ears grown from human cells are more effective than synthetic implants.

KIDNEY: The Regulator

Design: A 3-D bio-printer stakes multiple kidney cells cultivated from cells taken by a biopsy while building a scaffold out of biodegradable material. The refined product is then incubated. The staging, once transplanted into a patient, would slowly biodegrade as the functional tissue grows.

Gain: An estimated 80 percent of patients on organ-transplant lists await kidneys. Bio printed kidneys are not yet operative, but once they are, the use of a patient's own cells to grow the tissue means doctors will be able to provide every recipient with an exact match.

BLOOD VESSELS: The Circulator

Design: With the help of open-source printer (RepRap) and custom software, researchers print a sugar filaments network inside a mold and coat the filaments with a polymer derived from corn. They then disperse a gel containing tissue cells into the mold. Once it sets, they wash the structure in water, which dissolves the sugar and head off empty channels in the tissue.

Gain: Researchers showed that pumping nutrients through the channels increased the survival of neighboring cells. As blood vessels retain tissue health, discovering how to scale up and print a larger, more robust vascular system is the key to eventually printing entire organs.

SKIN GRAFTS: The Transplanters

Design: A custom bioprinter scans and maps the patient's wound. One inkjet valve evicts the enzyme (thrombin), and other ejects cells mixed with fibrinogen and collagen (fibrinogen and thrombin react to create the blood coagulant fibrin). Then, the printer sets a layer of human fibroblasts, tracked by a layer of skin cells- keratinocytes.

Gain: For traditional grafts, surgeons take skin from one area of the body and splice it onto another. The researchers hope to print new skin directly into a wound. In due course, they sketch to build a portable printer that can be used in war and disaster zones.

BONES: The Supporters

Design: Human bone contains 70% ceramics. Researchers pattern stagings with a ceramic powder, using the same 3-D printers that create metal components found in electric motors. An inkjet covers the ceramic with a layer of a plastic binder. With human bone cells, the model then baked for 2 hours at 2282 degrees Fahrenheit. It will support after some days.

Gain: Every year, millions of automobile-accident survivors suffer from complex fractures, which are difficult to repair using traditional methods. Obtaining MRIs for reference, doctors could print a custom graft that perfectly matches the fracture.

(All content and images are for educational purpose).

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MEDICINAL BENEFITS OF BLACK CUMIN SEEDS | KALONJI SEEDS.

2020-04-07T22:41:00.000+05:30

HEALTH | MEDICINAL | BENEFITS OF BLACK CUMIN SEEDS | KALONJI SEEDS.

Black Cumin seeds, looking like small seeds, consist of various nutritional components like carbohydrates, fibers, vitamins (A, B, B2, and C), sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, etc.

Composition:

Protein: 20.85%
Fats: 38.20%
Carbohydrates: 31.94%
Moisture: 4.37%
Ash: 4.37%
Fiber: 7.94%
Sodium: lower level.
Potassium: lower level.
Phosphorous: lower level.
Iron: lower level.
Zinc: lower level.
Calcium: lower level.
Magnesium: lower level.
Copper: lower level.

Scientific Name: Nigella sativa L.
Common Name: Black Cumin or Black Cumin Seed.
Hindi Name: Kalonji.
Question: What are Kalonji seeds called in English?
Answer: Black Cumin Seeds.
Other Names: Black Caraway, Fennel Flower Seeds, The Blessed Seeds, Love in the mist.
Family: Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae).

The seeds possess a fragrance identical to fennel and contain an intense flavor relatively comparable to nutmeg consumed in herbal medicines and as a spice.

Black Cumin Plant

Where do Kalonji seeds come from?

Historically Black Cumin Plant used in medical traditions and are found in various parts of the Africa and Mediterranean.

In India, Black Cumin Seeds are found in the Middle East and various parts of North Africa, consumed as a herbal remedy, spices and broad range of ailments.

The plant is occasionally cultivated as an ornamental for its glamorous blooms.

Plant height: 10 to 24 inches.
Flower color: White or Pale Blue/Purple with 5 petals and 5-6 lengthened fused carpel.
Seeds structure: Black triangular or pyramidal.

What are Kalonji seeds used for?

Traditionally Black Cumin Seed oil used in Ayurveda and Islamic medicines for the treatment of various diseases and ailments.

Used for Menstrual problems:

Black Cumin Seeds are used for the menstrual problems to facilitate lactation.

Used for Digestive Problems:

In digestive troubles, Black Cumin Seeds can be used for the treatment of the digestive disorder.

Used for Respiratory infections:

Black Cumin Seed oil can reduce various respiratory problems like asthma, bronchitis and rheumatoid arthritis by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.

Black Cumin Seeds properties:

Antimicrobial,
Antifungal,
Anti-parasitic,
Anti-inflammatory,
Antioxidant.

Used for Diabetes and Hypertension:

Because of these properties, Black Cumin Seeds can be beneficial to hypertension and diabetes by improving blood sugar levels in the body.

Lower Liver and Kidney disease complications:

Black Cumin Seeds removes toxins from the body and helps in metabolizing the drugs resulting in the protection of liver against damage and injury.

Used for Skin problems:

Massaging Black Cumin Seed oil soften and moisturize the skin and can cure various skin problems like Eczema Ringworms and Acne.

Used for Hair problems:

Is Kalonji good for hair?

Black Cumin Seed Oil has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant property which gives strengths and nutrients to hairs, fights hair loss, controls dandruff, and can prevent hairs from premature greying by applying Black Cumin Seed oil on hairs before 30 minutes of washing of hairs.

Used to Kill off Bacteria:

The antibacterial property found in Black Cumin Seeds is very effective in fighting off the harmful infections and bacterial strains like Ear infection and pneumonia.

Used to cure Cancer:

Modern studies demonstrated that Antioxidants and Thymoquinone present in Black Cumin Seeds can cure leukemia, brain and breast cancer by reducing tumors and influencing systematic cell death. Various scientific studies indicated that it also suppressed tumor growth (tumor reducing property).

Used for Infertility:

Does black seed oil help sexually?

Clinically, it is tested that Black Cumin Seeds oil can increase sperm score, semen quantity and also sperm tendency.

Important Notes:

Black Cumin Capsules and tablets are available at numerous health and medical stores.

A person consuming any medicine should ask to doctor before using Black Cumin Supplement as it doesn't replace medication.

Breastfeeding women or pregnant women should consult their doctor regarding the intake and dosage of Black Cumin Seeds.

(All content and images are for educational purpose).

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SAFE, SAPID AND SUSTAINABLE BIOTECH FOODS

2020-04-03T12:23:00.002+05:30

SAFE, SAPID AND SUSTAINABLE BIOTECH FOODS:

SAFE, SAPID AND SUSTAINABLE BIOTECH FOODS

The use of pesticide, herbicide and disease-resistant crops is something that could be achieved only by genetically engineering the plants. It could eliminate the use of chemical pesticides; reduce the cost needed to bring a crop into the market, curb the dangers of agriculture waste run-off and reduce the risk of tissue damage because of diseases.

Not just this, the plants can also be made drought, salinity and other extreme conditions resistant. The apprehensions regarding the safety of these plants could be faded by the studies carried out by almost every major international science body in the world that has reviewed multiple independent studies that GMO crops are as safe as (or safer) than conventional or organic food.

Ameliorate Nutrition and Health

GM plants are being developed by many companies and research institutes like the international maize and wheat improvement center, CIMMYT for better nutritional yields. Some GM soybeans could offer improved oil profiles for processing healthier edible oils.

Few other examples of GM crops having improved nutrition value are genetically modified cassava with lower cyanogens glycosides, enhanced with protein and other nutrients, Golden rice developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) as a cure for Vitamin A deficiency, enriched sweet potatoes, and edible vaccines are also awaiting its approval.

The ethical and religious issues surrounding the GM crops have always overpowered the advantages it might have in store. Eluding the alteration with crops as 'playing with God' or concerns over the ill effects that the introduction of foreign material might have on the body, GM food has faced criticism of all sorts. William Muir and Richard Howard of Purdue University, Indiana, US, have proposed the "Trojan gene" hypothesis which claims that GM crops get into the population looking like something good but end up destroying and contaminating the entire population! But unfortunately, the effects of long term human exposure to a diet of GM foods have never been scientifically researched.

Moreover few independent scientists reject claims that GM crops contaminate or produce Trojan genes in any manner. In fact, we should promote the co-existence of GM crops with conventional and organic farming since these three are the major forms of agriculture. Since there is no proof as yet of GM crops being harmful, co-existence is possible if growers are willing to work together and follow the recommended procedures for crop separation.

Enriching conventional and organic farming

With an ever-increasing global population, massive 3rd world hunger, an increasing number of malnourished people and the rising graph of children dying of starvation every two seconds, there is a great promise in the use of GM crops to benefit not only farmers but society too.

Naturally Self GM Crops

The term Genetically Modified carries a peak of conflict and discussion along with it. They have been argued to be hazardous for human consumption and also called frankenfood. Formerly, new research from Ghent University (UGent) and the International Potato Institute have put forward evidence that nature itself has been genetically modifying plants way before scientists. While accomplishing metagenomic analysis of the sweet potato genome for viral diseases, the UGent researchers made an interesting discovery of transfer DNA that was homologous to Agrobacterium species.

"Agrobacterium existence naturally in sweet potato and its durable inheritance during evolution is a stunning example of the possibility of DNA exchange across species barriers," clarified Lieve Gheysen, (Ph.D., Molecular Genetics- Department of Molecular Biotechnology- UGent).

The transfer of DNA between related and unrelated species, through horizontal gene transfer (HGT), has been observed as a common occurrence among bacteria for many years. New genetic techniques have uncovered that the frequency of HGT in these organisms is much greater than previously perceived.

Gheysen and the team are hoping to extend the discussion surrounding genetically modified crops and bring in a change in the understanding by people that science is not really posing any damage to the environment.

The fixation of foreign into the sweet potato genome arose during the evolution and domestication of this crop, which is one of the world's most consumed foods.

This Ending could influence the publics current perception that transgenic crops are unnatural (Dr. Gheysen and team. Ghent University).

(All content and images are for educational purpose).

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Forthcoming Biological Devices

2020-03-29T19:00:00.000+05:30

Scientists used biological methods to regenerate modern equipment inside the cell like researchers use Ecoli bacteria using genetic engineering by inserting a biological device. This is the example of generating biological equipment. Following are some examples of modern 3D biological devices:

Camera Contact Lenses

Contact lenses had come as a blessing to people with lessened vision and replacing fat spectacles. How about improving upon the same contact lens with superior camera like features.

Suppose... we had contact lens which would come with a tiny bug-like implant acting as a switch. You wear contacts in your eye and the implant would go onto your, say temple or behind your ear. Now your contact lens has features like zooming, clicking pictures, video recording and maybe everything that a camera can do. The implant could be used for maneuvering accordingly just like carrying a camera in your eye!

Skindage

Living a day when artificial skin with our moniker "Skindage" would be available in every medical shop and be a blessing for those millions who succumb to burnt injuries. Skin grown with the stem cells could be made a reality if the stability and preservation of stem cells could be attained.

Suppose... we design a bandage layered with cells with the potential to regenerate burnt cells, that wouldn't be less than a miracle. Just wind our Skindage and injuries would be easily dealt with. We are not in a hurry. The healing process maybe not be in a jiffy but may take a day or two!

Talking Brain

Communication technology has made our message reach as efficiently as possible. But there has to be a device in hand to convey messages across.

What if... we add on an extra element to our brain minimizing the need to carry an additional device. A little chip or an implant that would be resting near the brain and would aid in communicating with people, computers, electronic devices; convey messages and information accordingly. Signals would flow from chip to chip placed on different people or devices and get across messages in an instant. Isn’t that brainy!

Regeneron

Regeneron or maybe a Regenerex would be a regeneration machine to generate body parts down the future.

Imagine by utilizing the properties of cancer cells sans its deleterious effect on the body and miraculously regenerating the amputated parts of the body. Just put your cut finger into the machine and behold! You have a new good working finger. Sufferings of the differently-abled persons would be down the drain. Hold your seats back to travel into a world of regeneration and wonder how things would be then.

Forever beauty

To be young forever is one thought that nobody could resist. Then how about keeping it forever! Just like a probiotic drink for health.

What if... we had a supplement that could curb the aging process by acting on the genes responsible for it and make you shine forever. A simple sip could rein in mustiness and add glow to your life! Dream away for the dream might come true one day!

Dis-Eraser

Beginning from symptom surfacing traveling thorough diagnosis and ending in treatment options; it is an extremely exhausting and strenuous journey all the way through any illness.

What if... we had a one-time solution to any kind of sickness. Suppose we design a scanner machine where you sleep inside the box and at the end of a long nap all the diseases would be swept off just like the magic disease-free world would no more be a castle in the sky.

(All content and images are for educational purpose).

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Introduction and nutritive values of Mushrooms

2020-03-19T11:20:00.000+05:30

The world of mushroom has continuously been fascinating and mystic to man thanks to their abrupt look in numbers, teams, rings, brunches, and conjointly in isolation as one engaging and engaging structure. Their abrupt look has typically light-emitting diode to localized beliefs and notions like their association with thunder-storm and lightening, and their typical growth couldn't be delineated higher by the other language than 'mushroom growth'.

Introduction:

Man has been fascinated with this biological entity since yore and references concerning the mushroom square measure out there in most ancient literatures like Vedas and Bible. Throfnastrus (372-287 BC) the nice Greek thinker wrote concerning the food price of mushrooms throughout the Middle Ages once mushroom comprised royal dishes for the Greek and Roman empires. But throughout the last 3 centuries, significantly when the unreal cultivation of white button mushrooms in France around the year 1650, mushrooms have earned house quality a minimum of in Europe and America. Chinese, of course, able to cultivate another mushroom a lot before the white button mushrooms including the Auricularia auricula in 600 AD and Flammulina velutipes in 800-900 AD.

White Button Mushroom

(1650)

Auricularia auricula

(600 AD).

Flamulina velutipes

(800-900 AD)

The world of mushroom has always been fascinating and mystic to man owing to their sudden appearance in numbers, groups rings, brunches, and also in isolation as a single attractive and fascinating structure. Their sudden appearance has often led to localized beliefs and notions such as their association with thunder-storm and lightening, and their typical growth could not be described better by any other terminology than 'mushroom growth'. Man has been fascinated with this biological entity since time immemorial and references about the mushroom are available in most ancient literatures like Bible and Vedas.

Nutritive benefits of Mushrooms:

Mushrooms are a good and rich source of iron, protein, nutrients, minerals, phosphorus, potassium, vitamins like vitamins B, C, and D. Folic acid present in mushrooms is very essential for our health.

Taking mushroom as a food is very healthy and good for persons with kidney problems, the reason is that mushroom contains sodium in low quantity.

Edible mushroom is considered as the cheaper and the best source of protein for the growth of muscles. In addition to this, it has a high rate of digestibility as it will digest in our gut easily. Like cereals, mushroom contains essential amino acids but mushroom contains amino acids in sufficient amount that makes it a complete supplement for us.

As a rich source of vitamins like Biotin, Niacin, Vitamin B1 (Thiamine), Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) and ascorbic acid, some mushrooms contain Ergosterol. The property of Ergosterol is that under ultraviolet irradiations it can be converted into Vitamin-D.

Additional nutritive values of mushrooms:

Antibiotic and Antiviral properties.
Anticancer and anti-hypertension properties.
Mushroom has a weight loss property as it lowers the cholesterol of blood.

Fiber Content: High.
Fat Content: Low.
Calorific value: Low.
Inhibit both influenza and polio-viruses.
For treating Beri-beri disease.
For treating Cardiac discomfort.
Helpful in scurvy disease.

Because of their nutrient qualities, they achieved an area in suggested diets of proteins.
In Beri-beri sickness and internal organ discomfort, mushrooms are extremely suggested due to their high content of Vitamin B.
Similarly, mushroom intake is helpful in scurvy sickness.
Among the doable direct values mushrooms have, anti-hypertension, hypo cholesterol, hypolipide3mic, and anti-cancer effects.
Agaricus bisporus and golden oak mushroom have antiviral and antibiotic properties.
Fungus genus found in golden oak mushroom inhibits polio-viruses and respiratory illness.

It is recommended that in every household commodity mushroom intake must be increased for the betterment of the health.

(All content and images are for educational purpose).
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