Amakuru y'u Rwanda

Urukiko rwa TPIR rufite perezida mushya

2012-02-15T01:07:00.001-08:00

Urukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rukorera Arusha muri Tanzaniya rwabonye perezida mushya . uwo ni umucamanza Vagn Joensen ukomoka mu gihugu cya Danemark. usimbuye kuri uwo mwanya umucamanza Khalida Rachid Khan wimuriwe mu rugereko rw’ubujurire rukorera I La Haye mu Buholandi.
Umucamanza Vagn Joensen watorewe na bagenzi be kuba perezida w’urukiko mpuzamahanga rukorera Arusha yatangiye akazi ke muri TPIR mu mwaka wa 2007 akora nk’umucamanza udahoraho mu rugereko rwa gatatu rw’uru rukiko.
Abacamanza kandi batoreye umucamanza Florence Rita Arrey ukomoka muri Cameroun kuba visi perezidante w’uru rukiko. Uyu we akaba yaratangiye akazi muri TPIR mu mwaka wa 2003 nawe akora nk’umucamanza udahoraho mu rugereko rwa gatatu.
Ubwo yagezaga ijambo bwa nyuma kuri bagenzi be,madamu Rachid Khan yabashimiye akazi bamaze gukora kugeza ubu. Yagize ati akazi gakomeye mwakoze muri iyi myaka 17 ishize sinshidikanya ko kahaye ijambo ibihumbi by’abahekuwe na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi kandi kagafasha u Rwanda mu nzira y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge ndetse no gukomeza kubaka igihugu. Yakomeje asaba bagenzi be kutazibagirwa ubuhamya bumvise kuri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda. Yasoje agira ati ndizera ko buri wese azava hano azirikana ko akazi yakoze kagize uruhare mu guca burundu umuco wo kudahana.
Perezida mushya w’urukiko rwa TPIR azatangira imirimo ye ku itariki ya 2 ukwezi gutaha mu gihe visi perezidante we yamaze kuyitangira kuri uyu wa kabiri..Khalida Rachid Khan we akazatangira imirimo ye mu rugereko rw’ubujurire mu kwezi gutaha kwa gatatu. Itorwa ry’aba bacamanza rishobotse nyuma y’uko mu kwa 7 umwaka ushize akanama gashinzwe amahoro mu muryango w’abibumbye kemeye ko noneho abacamamanza badahoraho batora cyangwa bagatorerwa kuyobora urukiko kuko ubundi bitashobokaga.
Source: Orinfor

Iby'Urupfu rw'Umuririmbyikazi Whitney Houston

2012-02-15T00:53:00.002-08:00

Nk’uko byatangajwe na Kristner Foster umunyamabanga wa Whitney Houston akaba n’ushinzwe kumutangariza amakuru, Houston yashizemo umwuka kuri uyu wa gatandatu tariki ya 11 Gashyantare 2012.

Urubuga "20minutes.fr" ruvuga ko aho yaguye n’impamvu z’urupfu rwe byabanje kugirwa ibanga rikomeye, dore ko n’amakuru y’urupfu rwe yamenyekanye bitinzeho gato, ku isaha ya 15h55, ariko icyo gihe ntihatangajwe aho yaguye, impamvu z’urupfu rwe n’uko byagenze.

Andi makuru yamenyekanye nyuma y’amasaha ane bitangajwe ni uko uwamubonye bwa mbere yamusanze mu cyumba cya Hotel Beverly Hilton y’i Los Angeles muri USA, ahita ahuruza Polisi igerageza kumusubiza umwaka birananirana. Abamuba hafi batangaje ko yari amaze igihe asa n’uwihebye yaranze ubuzima, ariko ntibigeze bahingutsa ko yaba yiyahuye. Whitney Houston apfuye amasaha make mbere y’uko aririmba mu birori byari kubera uyu munsi muri Hotel yaguyemo.

Whitney Houston ni umuririmbyi w’Umunyamerikakazi wamenyekanye cyane mu myaka 20 ishize. Apfuye afite imyaka 48, mu gihe cye cy’ubuhanzi yagurishije album zirenga miliyoni 60. Ni umwe mu bakunzwe cyane kubw’ijwi ryiza dore ko banamwitaga "The Voice" nk’izina ry’akabyiniriro. Yakundiwe kandi kubaha abafana be mu bitaramo yabagezagaho, no kuririmba urukundo mu nzira iboneye. Azwi kandi no muri filime "The Bodyguard"

ITANGAZO RY’IBYEMEZO BY’INAMA Y’ABAMINISITIRI YATERANIYE MURI VILLAGE URUGWIRO KU WA 08/02/2012

2012-02-15T00:37:00.002-08:00

None kuwa gatatu tariki ya 08 Gashyantare 2012, Inama y’Abaminisitiri yateraniye muri Village Urugwiro, iyobowe na Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika, Paul KAGAME.

1. Inama y’Abaminisitiri yishimiye intsinzi zihesha ishema igihugu cyacu kibikesha Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika : Paul KAGAME nk’uko :

Ku wa 26.01.2012 Igihugu cya Uganda cyamuhaye imidari yo mu rwego rwo hejuru kubera uruhare yagize mu kukibohoza :

- Akagera medal

- Pearl of Africa medal

- Luweero Triangle medal,

- Addis Abeba muri Ethiopia Ku wa 30.01.2012, Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika Paul KAGAME yahawe igihembo : cyitwa ALMA AWARD for Excellence, kubera uruhare yagize mu kurwanya indwara ya malariya.

- Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika Paul KAGAME niwe kandi Perezida w’igihugu uza imbere y’abandi muri Afurika mu gukoresha imbuga nkoranya-mbaga (Social media) aganira anasubiza ibibazo abantu banyuranye bamubaza.

2. Inama y’Abaminisitiri yemeje Imyanzuro y’Inama y’Abaminisitiri yo ku itariki ya 13/01/2012, imaze kuyikorera ubugororangingo.

3. Inama y’Abaminisitiri yishimiye inashimira Abanyarwanda bose intambwe yatewe kuva 2006 -2011 mu mibereho myiza nkuko byagaragajwe n’ubushakashatsi ku imibereho y’Abanyarwanda nk’uko yashyizwe ahagaragara ku wa kabiri taliki ya 07/02/2012.

Inama yashyizeho ingamba zo kunoza ibitameze neza no gutera indi ntambwe ndende mu mibereho y’Abanyarwanda muri rusange.

4. Inama y’Abaminisitiri yasuzumye imikorere ya Guverinoma muri rusange ifata ingamba zo kunoza ibitagenda neza hagamijwe iterambere ryihuse.

5. Inama y’Abaminisitiri yagejejweho aho gahunda yo kwishyura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga igeze ishima ibimaze gukorwa isaba ko hakwihutishwa ibisigaye.

6. Inama y’Abaminisitiri yagejejweho uko ivugururwa ry’Uruganda Sopyrwa ruhinga ibireti rihagaze ishima ibyagezweho, inasaba ko rwarushaho gukomeza kongera umusaruro mu buryo bushimishije.

7. Inama y’Abaminisitiri yagejejweho raporo ku mirimo y‘iyubakwa ry’uruganda ruzajya rutunganya ifu y‘imyumbati ruherereye i Kinazi mu Karere ka Ruhango, ishima ibimaze kugerwaho inasaba ko hihutishwa ibisigaye gukorwa kugirango uruganda rutangire gukora mu ntangiriro za werurwe 2012.

8. Inama y’Abaminisitiri yemeje politiki zikurikira :

- Politiki y’igihugu mu mikoranire y‘umuryango w’ibihugu bya Afurika y‘Iburasizuba

- Politiki y’igihugu ku micungire y‘umutungo w‘amazi

9. Inama y’Abaminisitiri yemeje imishinga y’amategeko ikurikira :

- Umushinga w’Itegeko rigenga serivisi zitangwa n‘impuguke mu Rwanda.

- Umushinga w’itegeko ryemerera kwemeza burundu amasezerano y’ubucuruzi hagati y’u Rwanda na Kongo - Brazzaville.

10. Inama y’Abaminisitiri yemeje amateka akurikira :

- Iteka rya Perezida rihamya igiceri gishya cy’amafaranga mirongo itanu y’amanyarwanda (50) ;

- Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe rishyiraho imbonerahamwe n’incamake y’imyanya y’imirimo by’Ikigega cyihariye cy’Ingoboka ku bwishingizi bw’uburyozwe bw’impanuka z’ibinyabiziga bifite moteri bigendera ku butaka n’izikomoka ku nyamaswa (SGF) ;

- Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe rivana mu mutungo rusange wa Leta ubutaka bufite ubuso bungana na 2946,472 m burimo inzu mu kibanza no 05/107 cyari icya NAEB bugashyirwa mu mutungo bwite wayo ;

- Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe rigena ibipimo, uburyo bwo kubara, ibisabwa n’ibikurikizwa mu gutanga indishyi n’ibindi bigenerwa uwahohotewe n’inyamaswa ;

- Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe ryemerera Umushinjacyaha kujya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru : Bwana GATAMBIYE Sylvere.

- Iteka rya Minisitiri rigena ibigomba kubahirizwa birebana n‘ubuzima bw’abakozi n’umutekano w’aho bakorera ;

- Iteka rya Minisitiri rigena ibigo bigomba kugira komite z’ubuzima n’umutekano ku kazi n’uburyo bw’imikorere yazo ;

- Iteka rya Minisitiri rigena urutonde rw’inyamaswa zo muri Pariki z’Igihugu cyangwa ahandi hantu hakomye.

11. Inama y’Abaminisitiri yemeje ko Abambasaderi bakurikira bahagararira ibihugu byabo mu Rwanda :

- Madamu Antila SINIKKA uhagararira Finland afite icyicaro i Dar Es Salaam ;

- Bwana Eleftherios KOUVARITAKIS uhagararira Greece afite icyicaro i Nairobi ;

- Bwana Thambirajah RAVEENTHIRAN, uhagararira Sri Lanka afite icyicaro i Nairobi ;

- Bwana Andrew GBEBAY BANGALI, uhagararira Sierra Leone afite icyicaro Addis Ababa ;

- Bwana DEGEFE Bula Wakjera uhagararira Ethiopia, afite icyicaro Kampala ;

- Bwana Stefano Antonio DEJAK uhagararira Italy, afite icyicaro i Kampala ;

- Mgr Luciano RUSSO aba Intumwa ya Papa, afite icyicaro i Kigali ;

12. Inama y’Abaminisitiri yemeje ko aba Honorary Consul bahagararira inyungu z‘u Rwanda aha hakurikira :

- Bwana Sundvoll STEINER, ahagararira u Rwanda muri Norvege

- Bwana William DELUCE, ahagararira u Rwanda i Toronto-Canada

- Bwana Bill SMITH, ahagararira u Rwanda muri Edmonton-Canada

- Bwana Van Es Christian Edouard KAREL, wasabiwe guhagararira ibirwa bya West Indies, afite icyicaro ku kirwa cya Aruba.

13. Inama y’Abaminisitiri yashyize abakozi mu myanya ku buryo bukurikira :

Ikigega Gishinzwe Gutera Inkunga Ibikorwa by’Iterambere mu Nzego z’Ibanze (RLDSF)

- Madamu UWIMBABAZI Espérance : Umuyobozi ushinzwe gahunda y’Ubudehe

- Bwana GAHAMANYI Vincent : Umuyobozi ushinzwe gahunda y’Umurenge Vision 2020

- Bwana BUTERA Eric : Umujyanama w’Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo

Muri Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge

Bwana Richard KANANGA : Umuyobozi ushinzwe guharanira amahoro no gukemura amakimbirane

14. Mu Bindi

a) Nyakubahwa Minisitiri w’Intebe yamenyesheje Inama y’Abaminisitiri ko kuva tariki ya 14 kugeza ku ya 20 Mutarama yagiye mu butumwa muri Liberia na Gambia aho yari agiye guhagararira Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika Paul KAGAME mu mihango yo kurahira kw’Abaperezida b’ibyo bihugu ari bo Nyakubahwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (Liberia) na Nyakubahwa Yahya Jammeh wa Gambia.

b) Minisitiri w’Umutekano mu Gihugu yamenyesheje Inama y’Abaminisitiri ko tariki ya 27 Gashyantare 2012 mu Rwanda hazabera inama ya Komite Nyobozi ya RECSCA.

Yanayimenyesheje kandi ko ku itariki ya 1 n’iya 2 Werurwe 2012 RECSCA ifatanyije n’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe n’Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Uburayi izakoresha inama ku mugabane wa (Afurika) izahuza abayihagarariye mu karere bagamije kurwanya ikoreshwa ry’imbunda nto n’iziciriritse.

c) Minisitiri ushinzwe Ikoranabuhanga yamenyesheje Inama y’Abaminisitiri ko muri uku kwezi kwa kabiri Minisiteri ishinzwe ICT ifatanyije n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye yateguye gahunda yo gukangurira abaturage kwitabira ikoranabuhanga kubera inyungu n’amahirwe biri mu guhererekanya amafaranga hakoreshejwe itumanaho rigendanwa. Gutangiza gahunda y’Ukwezi yo gukangurira abantu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga byabereye mu Karere ka Kamonyi tariki ya 02 Gashyantare 2012.

d) Minisitiri ushinzwe Imirimo y’Inama y’Abaminisitiri mu izina rya Minisitiri w’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango uri mu butumwa, yamenyesheje Inama y’Abaminisitiri ko ku wa 8 Werurwe 2012 ari Umunsi Mpuzamahanga w’Umugore, mu gihugu ibirori bikazabera ku rwego rw’umudugudu. Uwo munsi ni bwo hazatangira Ukwezi kwahariwe Umugore n’Umukobwa bo mu Rwanda (kuva tariki 8 Werurwe 2012, kugeza tariki 5 Mata 2012). Insanganyamatsiko igira iti : Turusheho kubaka ubushobozi bw’Umugore n’Umukobwa mu guteza imbere umuryango”.

e) Minisitiri wa Siporo n’Umuco yamenyesheje Inama y’Abaminisitiri ko kuva tariki 14 kugeza tariki 18 Werurwe 2012, u Rwanda ruzakira imikino yo mu Karere y’abari mu butumwa bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye bashinzwe kuhabungabunga amahoro.(UN Mission Regional Games)

Yanayimenyesheje kandi ko tariki ya 29 Gashyantare 2012, Ikipe y’Igihugu y’Umupira w’Amaguru (Amavubi) izakira Super Eagles yo muri Nigeria mu mukino ubanza ku ncuro ya kabiri y’Igikombe cya Afurika cy’ibihugu kizabera muri Afurika y’Epfo, mu mwaka wa 2013. Umukino wo kwishyura uzakinirwa muri Nigeria hagati y’itariki ya 15 n’iya 17 Kamena 2012.

Iri tangazo ryashyizweho umukono na MUSONI Protais,

Minisitiri ushinzwe Imirimo y’Inama y’Abaminisitiri

Intwari z'u Rwanda

2012-02-05T09:38:00.000-08:00

Intwari z'u Rwanda: Ingabo itazwi izina

2012-02-05T09:28:00.002-08:00

Ingabo itazwi izina yatoranijwe mu zindi ngabo zemeye guhara ubuzima bwazo kandi zitabashije kumenyekana ku buryo bwihariye.

Ingabo itazwi izina ihagarariye Ingabo zose z’u Rwanda zaguye ku rugamba cyangwa zashoboraga kurugwaho mu gihe cyahise, icy’ubungubu n’ikizaza zirwanira igihugu.

Imva y’Ingabo itazwi izina ni ikimenyetso cyo guha icyubahiro gihebuje abana b’u Rwanda bitanze, baharanira guhanga no kwagura u Rwanda, ubwigenge n’ubusugire bwarwo.

Intwari z'u Rwanda: Fred Rwigema

2012-02-05T09:28:00.001-08:00

Yavukiye i Mukiranze mu Karere ka Kamonyi mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ku wa 10 Mata 1957. Ni mwene Anastase Kimonyo na Gatarina Mukandilima. Yashakanye na Jeannette Urujeni, basezerana ku wa 20 Kamena 1987. Babyaranye abana babiri, ari bo Gisa Junior na Gisa Teta.

Yatabarutse ku wa 2 Ukwakira 1990 i Kagitumba mu Karere ka Nyagatare mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, agwa ku rugamba amaze gutangiza intambara yo kubohora u Rwanda.

Mu bwana bwe, Fred Rwigema yakundaga kwibaza icyatumye iwabo bava i Rwanda n’icyabuze kugira ngo basubireyo, yakundaga gusoma ibitabo by’abaharaniye kubohora ibihugu byabo nka Kwame Nkrumah, Mao-Tse-Tung na Fidèle Castro.

Mu wa 1974 ni bwo yiyemeje kureka amashuri asanzwe, ajya muri Tanzaniya gukurikirana imyitozo ya gisirikare na politike. Mu wa 1976, yayikomereje muri Mozambike, ari kumwe n’abandi mu mutwe wa FRONASA bari hamwe n’indi mitwe bafashwa na Mwalimu Julius Nyerere nka Zanu, Zapu, ANC, KM na FRELIMO.

Mu wa 1979 yari mu bagaba ba FRONASA mu ntambara yavanyeho ubutegetsi bw’igihugu bwa Idi Amin, ayoboye “Mondlane 4 th Infantry Column”. Mu wa 1981, hamwe n’abandi basore 27, barimo Abanyarwanda babiri Rwigema Fred na Paul Kagame, yatangiranye na Kaguta Museveni intambara yo kurwanya igitugu cya Obote.

Kuva muri 1985, Fred Rwigema yakomeje kuba umwe mu bayobozi bakuru ba NRA, Ishamii rya gisirikare rya RNM. Niho yaboneye umwanya wo gukomeza gutoza intambara Abanyarwanda.

Ataretse kuba Umunyarwanda, Late Fred Rwigema yagiye agira imyanya ikomeye muri NRA nko kuba Uwungirije Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo (Deputy Army Commander), Minisitiri wungirije w’Ingabo (Deputy Minister for Defense) n’Umugaba Mukuru w’imirwano (Overall Operations Commander).

Muri iyo mirwano yose yo mu mahanga, Fred Rwigema yari umusirikare nyakuri, w’intangarugero mu mikorere n’imyifatire, muri discipline no kubahiriza amategeko. Ariko, muri byose yahozaga u Rwanda ku mutima, adahwema kuvuga ko “kubohora u Rwanda ari ngombwa”.

Fred Rwigema yaranzwe n’ubupfura n’ubuhanga, kuba umunyakuri, areba kure, azi kwihangana, yubaha bose, ategekesha urugero, akunda umuco wa kinyarwanda n’imikino, aba umuhuza w’abantu. Yabaye urugero rwo kwitanga no gukunda igihugu bihebuje.

Intwari z'u Rwanda: Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa Charles Léon Pierre

2012-02-05T09:24:00.000-08:00

Yavukiye i Nyanza, mu Karere ka Nyanza, mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo muri Werurwe 1911. Ni umwana w’Umwami Yuhi wa IV Musinga na Nyiramavugo Kankazi Redegonde.

Mutara III yimitswe ku ngoma na Guverineri Voisin abifashijwemo na Musenyeri Classe ku wa 16 Ugushyingo 1931, Se Musinga amaze gukurwa ku ngoma kuwa 12 Ugushyingo 1931.

Kuwa 15 Ukwakira 1933, yashakanye na Nyiramakomali, batana mu bya 1940, nyuma ku wa 18 Mutarama 1942 ashakana na Rosaliya Gicanda, ntiyabyaranye na bo.

Ku wa 17 Ukwakira 1943, yabatijwe na Musenyeri Léon Classe, yitwa Charles Léon Pierre, abyarwa mu batisimu na Guverineri Mukuru wa Kongo Mbiligi na Rwanda-Urundi, Bwana Pierre Ryckmans, abatiranwa na nyina, umugabekazi Nyiramavugo Kankazi, wiswe Radegonde.

Kuva muri 1929, aho yagizwe umutware wa Nduga na Marangara, kugeza muri za 1950, Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahingwa yakoze politike yo kumvikana na Kiliziya Gatolika na Leta Mbiligi, kugeza n’aho atuye Kirisitu Umwami ingoma z’u Rwanda i Nyanza ku munsi wa Kirisitu Umwami ku wa 27 Ukwakira 1946.

Hagati ya 1950 na 1959, aho yatangiye aguye i Bujumbura ; mu buryo butunguranye ku wa 25 Nyakanga, Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa yaharaniye guteza imbere imibereho y’Abanyarwanda n’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda.

Rudahigwa yaranzwe no kurwanya akarengane mu butabera abigaragariza mu Rukiko rw’Umwami no mu mirimo ya buri munsi aho yirirwaga arenganura abaturage cyane cyane abatobato.

Rudahigwa yitaye cyane ku bujijuke bw’Abanyarwanda : ashinga Fonds Mutara, asaba abayezuwiti gushinga Koleji i Gatagara, bayijyana i Bujumbura iba Collège International du Saint Esprit, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abayisilamu ku Ntwari ry’i Nyamirambo, ashinga za Ecoles Laïques, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abenemutara ry’i Kanyanza anohereza Abanyarwanda ba mbere kwiga i Burayi.

Mutara wa III yatangiye impinduramatwara muri politike, akuraho inkuke zakamirwaga Umwami yishakira ize bwite, akuraho imirimo y’agahato yitwaga akazi, akuraho ubuhake abagaragu bagabana na bashebuja, ashaka gukuraho igitabo cy’umusoro cyanditsemo amoko, Ababiligi barabyanga, yanga « kwica Gitera ashaka gukuraho ikibimutera ».

Rudahigwa yahirimbaniye ubumwe n’ubwigenge by’Abanyarwanda ku buryo Abanyarwanda batekereza ko ari byo yazize nka ba Lumumba na Rwagasore.

Intwari 'u Rwanda: Michel Rwagasana

2012-02-05T09:21:00.000-08:00

Yavukiye i Gitisi na Nyamagana mu Karere ka Ruhango mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo mu wa 1927. Mu wa 1956, yashakanye na Suzana Nzayire, babyarana abana batatu. Hagati ya 1945 na 1950 yize muri Groupe Scolaire ya Astrida, bitaga shariti, ahakura impamyabumenyi mu by’Ubutegetsi (Diplôme d’Assistant Administratif).

Michel Rwagasana yakoze imirimo inyuranye yose yerekana ko yagirirwaga icyizere kubera ubunyangamugayo n’umwete bye yabaye umukozi wa Leta Mbirigi i Bujumbura, yabaye umunyamabanga w’Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu kuva yajyaho muri 1954 yabaye umunyamabanga wihariye w’Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa.
Kubera guharanira ubumwe, ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda no kurwanya amacakubiri yabaye umunyamabanga wa mbere wa UNAR ajya mu ntumwa z’u Rwanda zaruhagariraga mu bindi bihugu no muri LONI.

Michel Rwagasana yatanze urugero ruhebuje rwo gushyira imbere inyungu z’igihugu aho kwita ku ze bwite kuko aba yaremeye politike y’irondakoko agahabwa umwanya ukomeye mu Rwanda rwari rutegetswe na mwene Se wabo Gerigori Kayibanda nka Perezida wa Repubulika ariko ibyo ntiyabikunze.

Intwari 'u Rwanda: Uwilingiyimana Agathe

2012-02-05T09:16:00.000-08:00

Yavukiye i Gikore mu Karere ka Gisagara mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ku wa 23 Kamena 1953. Ni mwene Ntibashirakandi Yuvenali na Nyirantibangwa Saverina. Yashakanye na Barahira Ignace mu wa 1976, babyarana abana batanu.

Yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere w’umugore kuva kuwa 17 Nyakaganga 1993 kugeza kuwa 7 Mata 1994 mu gihe cya Jenoside yishwe n’abari ingabo z’igihugu.

Uwilingiyimana Agathe yagize umutima wa kigabo arwanya akarengane k’iringaniza mu gihe yari Minisitiri w’Amashuri Abanza n’Ayisumbuye mu butegetsi bw’irondakarere n’irondakoko bwa Habyarimana.

Yongeye kugaragaza ubwitange bwe buhebuje mu gihe cya Jenoside akomeza iy’ubuyobozi agerageza kugarura ituze mu gihugu cyari kigabijwe n’abicanyi. Ntawashidikanya ko ari umwe mu bagore b’Abanyarwanda baharaniye uburenganzira bw’Umunyarwandakazi.

Intwari 'u Rwanda:Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange

2012-02-05T09:05:00.001-08:00

Abemezwaho ubutwari ni abari mu cyigo cy’i Nyange mu ijoro ryo kuwa 18 Werurwe 1997 mu ishuri ry’uwa gatandatu n’uwa gatanu igihe abacengezi batera icyo kigo ari abapfuye ari n’abatarapfuye iryo joro.

Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange baharaniye ku mugaragaro amahame y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda kugeza aho bamwe babizira babizi, bemera guhara ubuzima bwabo aho kwivangura.

Babereye Abanyarwanda muri rusange n’urubyiruko by’umwihariko, urugero rw’urukundo, rwo kurwanya amacakubiri no kwitangira uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Hifashishijwe inyandiko ya Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko Umuco na Siporo, inyandiko yiswe “INTWARI Z’U RWANDA”, yanditswe mu 2004.

Inyambo mu Amateka y'u Rwanda

2012-02-05T09:05:00.000-08:00

Iyo umuntu avuze inyambo abazi amateka y’Abanyarwanda bumva inka z’umubyimba muremure zabaga zinafite amahembe maremare. Zororerwaga kumurikirwa umwami mu gihe cy’ibirori. Muri iki gihe, inyambo ni kimwe mu biranga umuco n’amateka by’Abanyarwanda.

Ibi byatumye ubuyobozi bw’ikigo cy’ingoro z’igihugu z’umurage w’u Rwanda bushakisha aho izo nka zisigaye maze zijyanwa mu Rukari i Nyanza, mu ngoro y’amateka y’u Rwanda rwo Hambere.

Abasura inyambo bihera amaso uko izo nka zigana mu marembera – dore ko ubu hagezweho korora izitanga umukamo ndetse n’izitanga inyama bihagije – zafatwaga ndetse n’uburyo abashumba bazo baziririmbiraga maze zikamererwa neza.

Uretse izo nka, mu Rukari anahasanga inzu gakondo yubatswe higanwe uko ingoro y’umwami Yuhi V Musinga yari imeze. Hari kandi n’ingoro y’umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, ari na yo yaje guhindurwamo ingoro y’amateka y’u Rwanda rwo hambere nyir’izina. Iyo ngoro igaragaramo bimwe mu bikoresho umuryango wa Rudahigwa wakoreshaga, kandi ni inzu nziza inakomeye, ukurikije ko yubatswe mu wa 1931.

Intwari z'u Rwanda: Felicite Niyitegeka

2012-02-05T09:04:00.000-08:00

Yavukiye i Vumbi mu Karere ka Huye mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo mu wa 1934. Ni mwene Sekabwa Simoni na Nyirampabuka Angelina

Yishwe ku wa 21 Mata 1994, mu gihe cya Jenoside kubera ko yanze kwitandukanya n’abo yari yahaye ubuhungiro hamwe na bagenzi be bari muri Centre Saint Pierre ku Gisenyi.

Musaza we Koloneli Nzungize yari yamutumyeho ngo asezerere izo mpunzi maze ave muri icyo Kigo agisijyemo ba nyagupfa. Ni byo yanze mu kabaruwa kuzuye urukundo n’ubutwari yandikiye uwo musaze we.

Mu mibereho ye, Niyitegeko Félicité yerekanye bwa butwari bwa buri munsi mu mirimo umuntu aba ashinzwe, haba mu byerekeye kwigisha no kurera, mu gucunga umutungo w’ibigo yakozemo, haba mu kuyobora abinjiraga mu muryango w’abafasha b’ubutumwa no gufasha abatishoboye.

Ibyo byose yabigiranye ubushobozi bwinshi bagenzi be bakabimwubahira kandi bakabimukundira. Kuba intangarugero yari yarabigize umuco ni cyo cyamufashije mu kwemera kwitangira abari baramugannye ahitamo kwicwa aho kugwa mu ingengabitekerezo y’ivanguramoko.

Alexis Kagame

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Alexis Kagame yavutse (tariki 15 Gicurasi 1912). Ni umupadiri akaba n’umunyamateka w’umunyarwanda wavukiye i Kiyanza, mu cyahoze ari mu Buriza, muri Komine Mugambazi, Perefefitura ya Kigali.

Iyo tariki y’ukuvuka kwe kugira ngo imenyekane neza ni uko yahuriranye n’urupfu rwa Basebya ba Nyirantwari wari warigize hangaharya mu Rugezi, mu majya-ruguru y’ikiyaga cya Burera. Icyo gihe u Rwanda rwategekwaga n’umwami Yuhi wa V Musinga.

Amashuri yize

Mu mwaka wa 1925, Kagame yatangiye kwiga mu ishuri rya Leta mu Ruhengeri. Bigaga gusoma, kwandika, kubara na gatigisimu. Ururimi rw’amagahanga bigaga ni igiswayire. Uwarangizaga iryo shuri yashoboraga gukora akazi k’ubukarani. Amashuri nk’ayo yari mbarwa.

Mu mashuri, Kagame yamenye gusoma atebye. uko yakundaga kubitekerereza abantu ngo yibwiraga ko bazagira igihe cyo kwiga inyuguti za buri gitabo. Ubwo bigiraga muri Alifu, agatekereza ko nibarangiza bazafata Gatigisimu. Bityo bityo kugeza igihe bamariye ibitabo byose.

Kagame yarangije ishuri rya Leta mu w’ 1928. Ni nabwo yabatirijwe i Rwaza na Padiri Desbrosses ari we wari warafashije Lecoindre gushinga Misiyoni ya Marangara yaje gufata izina rya Kabgayi.

Ubwo ku munsi yari amaze kubatirizwaho yegera Padiri Desbrosses aramubwira ati; ndashaka kujya mu Seminari. Padiri aramuseka . Icyo gihe abahawe batisimu bamaraga icyumweru bacumbitse hafi ya Misiyoni.

Bukeye Kagame agarutse mu misa ahura na Padiri Desbrosses. Padiri aramubaza ati; “Ibyo wambwiye ejo, warakinaga cyangwa wari ukomeje?” Nubwo yari yabivuze yikinira ntabwo yari gushobora kubwira umupadiri wari waraye amubatije ko yivugiraga gusa adakomeje. Ni bwo ashubije ati; “Nari nkomeje”, Padiri Desbrosses akura ibarwa mu mufuka arayimuhereza ati; “Yijyane i Kabgayi”.

Ahita ajya imuhira gusezera. Ariko agihinguka baratangara bati; “Ko wabatijwe ejo utashye ute?” Ati; “Ngiye mu Seminari?”. Gukora iki?, “Kwiga igifaransa!?”.

Yari akenyeye imishanana ateze n’amasunzu y’intambike, nk’umuntu uvuye mu giturage rwose. Abandi bari batangiye kwambara amakabutura n’amashati.

Nijoro aritegereza abona nta muntu unyoye itabi. Abaza abandi baseminari ati:”Mbese ko utanywa agatabi?” Bati :”Hano ntibanywa itabi birabujijwe”. Ni ko gufata imboho z’itabi yari yazanye aziha abari bamuherekeje bazisubiza imuhira.

Mu Seminari abana baramurebaga bakabona adashamadutse, akuze, bakibwira bati uriya we azatsindwa. Igihembwe cya mbere cyarangiye Kagame yimenyereza ibyo kwiga.

Mu gihembwe cya kabiri, abo biganaga babona ababanye uwa mbere. No mu gihembwe cya Gatatu ahamana umwanya we wa mbere. Ubwo aba arangije umwaka umwe mu Seminari ari wo wa Gatandatu dukurikije uko babara mu mashuri yigisha ubumenyi-buntu.

Yageze mu mwaka wa Gatatu w’amashuri, ari wo wa kane dukurikije igihe yari amaze mu Seminari, abarezi be basanga atari ngombwa ko yakurikirana imyaka yose.

Agiye mu biruhuko arangije uwa Gatatu bamuha ibitabo agomba kwiyigisha ngo narangiza bazamubaze. Ni we wiyigishije Caesar, Intambara y’Aba-Gauli ikizamini aragitsinda.

Aho kwimukira uwa kabiri nk’abo biganaga ajya mu wa mbere asimbutse uwa kabiri. Uwa mbere atyaza ubuhanga bwo kuvuga neza no kwiga aba bibayemo intiti. Naho ntiyahabaye ikigwari n’ubwo hari amasomo atari yarabonye kandi bagenzi be barayize. Ni cyo cyatumye umwanya wa mbere awuta.

Mu mwaka w’ 1933 yarangije Seminari nto nuko yinjira mu Seminari nkuru. Nayo yari ikiri i Kabgayi Kagame yaba yaragize amanota ya mbere mu bo biganaga kuva atangira Seminari nkuru kugeza ayirangiza.

Muri 1936, Seminari nkuru yimukiye mu Nyakibanda. Kagame yari umunyeshuri muri Tewolojiya. Uwo mwaka, umwe mu bapadiri bigishaga mu Nyakibanda, agakunda gutoza abanyeshuri be ubuhanga bwa Kinyarwanda.

Umunsi umwe padiri de Decker ategura igitaramo. Asaba buri mufaratiri kwitegura kuzabwira abandi icyo yagezeho. Muri icyo gitaramo atumira mo umwami Mutara III, Rudahigwa. Mu gitaramo barabyina, bararirimba, barivuga, bavuga amazina y’inka n’ibisigo, ukwo bari barashoboye kubibaririza no kubimenya. Igitaramo kirangiye umwami ahamagara Kagame aramubaza ati; “Ibyo wavuze wabikuye he?” Undi ati; “Nabibwiwe na Sekamana”. Amubwira n’abandi basizi babiri. Umwami ati abo ndabazi ariko si bo bahanga. Nzakoherereza ababizi neza. Hashize iminsi Alexis Kagame abona abasizi b’ibyamamare bageze mu Nyakibanda.

Muri 1947 yavuye i Kabgayi ajya ku Gisagara. Hari mu kwezi kwa Gatanu. Umwami Rudahigwa yakundaga kujya kubasura aho ku Gisagara. N’abazungu bifuzaga kugera icyo bamenya ku Rwanda bajyaga kubaza Kagame. Iyo Misiyoni yari ihuriro ry’abantu benshi Kagame ayirimo. N’a bashyitsi babaga baje gusura u Rwanda bayobozaga aho Kagame ari.

Imirimo yari ashinzwe ntiyamuhugije gushakashaka mu buhanga. Aho ku Gisagara ni ho yandikiye igitabo kivuga ubusizi mu Rwanda (La poésie dynastique au Rwanda). Icapwa ryacyo ryabaye mu mwaka wa 1951.

Muri 1950, ukwezi kw’Ukwakira, Padiri Kagame yavuye ku Gisagara, asubira i Kabgayi. Yongeye gukora mu buyobozi bwa Kinyamateka. Mu kwezi kwa Nzeri mu wa 1952, Padiri Kagame yoherejwe mu mashuri i Roma.

Yigiye muri Kaminuza yitiriwe Mutagatifu Geregori. Mu myaka ine yari abonye Dipolome ya Dogiteri muri Filozofiya aho yakiriwe nk’umunyeshuri udasanzwe. Kagame yarangije amashuri muri 1956 agaruka mu Rwanda.

Yigishije Filozofiya muri Groupe Scolaire ya Astrida (Butare). Yigishaga no mu Seminari nto i Kansi. Ibyo byose yabikoraga atuye Astrida muri Procure .

Imirimo yakoze

Kuva muri 1947 kugeza muri 1962, yari yaratorewe kujya mu nteko y’abantu b’impuguke zigenza mu nama y’u Burayi (Membre du Groupe des Experts Indépendants auprès du Conseil de l’Europe). Umurwa w’iyo nama ukaba Strasbourg ho mu Bufaransa.

Kagame yari no mu Nama y’Ubuyobozi bwa Rwanda-Urundi kuva muri 1956 kugeza ku bwigenge bw’u Rwanda.

Kaminuza yu Rwanda yashinzwe muri 1963. Naho yatangiye ahigisha Ubumenyi n’Amateka y’u Rwanda. Ntabwo yari agitanga amasomo muri Groupe Scolaire. Ahubwo mu mwaka wa 1964 yagiye gutura i Kansi mu Seminari.

Yaje no kwigisha umuco n’ubuhanga bya Afurika mu Seminari nkuru ya Nyakibanda guhera muri 1971. Mu mwaka ukurikiyeho yabaye Umwarimu-mushyitsi muri Kaminuza y’Igihugu cya Zaire (Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo), ( Ishami ry’i Lubumbashi). Muri iyo Kaminuza yigishaga amateka ya Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’iyo hagati.

Muri 1972, Kagame yaretse umurimo wo kuba umukuru wa Seminali ntoya y’i Kansi. Yari yarawutangiye muri 1969. Akirangiza uwo murimo ni na ho yimukiye i Butare.

Ubwo yahugukiye iby’ubushakashatsi cyane hamwe n’ibyo kwigisha muri Kaminuza y’i Ruhande. Yashoboye kwandika igitabo cya mbere cy’amateka yu Rwanda (Un Abrégé de l’Ethno-Histoire du Rwanda, 1972) no gutegura icyagikurikiye (Un Abrégé de l’Histoire du Rwanda de 1853 à 1972) cyarangiye muri 1975.

Ku ya 5 Nyakanga 1979, Perezida wa Repubulika, Général Major Habyalimana Juvenal yamuhaye impeta y’ishimwe, maze amugira Officier de l’Ordre National des Grands-Lacs. Iyo mpeta yahabwaga abantu bagize akamaro mu kujijura Abanyarwanda; bakoresheje inyandiko, ubuhimbyi, indilimbo n’ibindi. Ku italiki ya 4 Nyakanga 1981, Papa Yohani-Paulo II, yamugize Umusenyeri w’icyubahiro (Prélat d’honneur).

Ntihashize iminsi myinshi igihe yari agiye kwivuza i Nairobi muri Kenya, yapfiriye mu bitaro byaho ku italiki ya 2 Ukuboza 1981 azize ko umutima we wari unaniwe ukarekera aho gutera.

Amateka y’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa

2012-02-05T08:48:00.002-08:00

Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa (Charles Léon Pierre) Yavukiye i Nyanza, mu Karere ka Nyanza, mu ntara y’Amajyepfo muri Werurwe 1911. akaba ari mwami wa mbere w’u Rwanda wimye ingoma kandi se akiriho, hari ku ya 10 Nyakanga 1931.

Ni umwana w’Umwami Yuhi IV Musinga na Nyiramavugo Kankazi Redegonde, akaba yarashyingiwe Gicanda Rosalie. Mutara III yimitswe ku ngoma na Guverineri Voisin abifashijwemo na Musenyeri Classe ku wa 16 Ugushyingo 1931.

Ku wa 17 Ukwakira 1943, yabatijwe na Musenyeri Léon Classe, yitwa Charles Léon Pierre, abyarwa muri batisimu na Guverineri Mukuru wa Kongo Mbiligi na Rwanda-Urundi, Bwana Pierre Ryckmans, abatiranwa na nyina, umugabekazi Nyiramavugo Kankazi, wiswe Radegonde, akaba yarabaye umwami w’u Rwanda wa mbere wabatijwe.
Ubuzima bwa politiki bwa Rudahigwa

Kuva muri 1929, yagizwe umutware wa Nduga na Marangara, kugeza muri za 1950, Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa yakoze politike yo kumvikana na Kiliziya Gatolika na Leta Mbiligi, kugeza n’aho atuye Kirisitu Umwami ingoma z’u Rwanda i Nyanza ku munsi wa Kirisitu Umwami ku wa 27 Ukwakira 1946.

Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa yaharaniye guteza imbere imibereho y’Abanyarwanda n’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda. Rudahigwa yaranzwe no kurwanya akarengane mu butabera abigaragariza mu Rukiko rw’Umwami no mu mirimo ya buri munsi aho yirirwaga arenganura abaturage bose.

Rudahigwa yitaye cyane ku bujijuke bw’Abanyarwanda ashinga Fonds Mutara, asaba abayezuwiti gushinga Koleji i Gatagara, bayijyana i Bujumbura iba Collège International du Saint Esprit, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abayisilamu ku Ntwari ry’i Nyamirambo, ashinga za Ecoles Laïques, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abenemutara ry’i Kanyanza anohereza Abanyarwanda ba mbere kwiga i Burayi.

Rudahigwa mu nzira yo guharanira ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda

Mutara wa III Rudahigwa yatangiye impinduramatwara muri politike, akuraho inkuke zakamirwaga Umwami yishakira ize bwite, akuraho imirimo y’agahato yitwaga akazi, akuraho ubuhake abagaragu bagabana na bashebuja, ashaka gukuraho igitabo cy’umusoro cyanditsemo amoko, Ababiligi barabyanga, yanga « kwica Gitera ashaka gukuraho ikibimutera ».

Rudahigwa yahirimbaniye ubumwe n’ubwigenge by’Abanyarwanda ku buryo Abanyarwanda batekereza ko ari intwari ikomeye mu mateka y’u Rwanda. Kandi Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yafashije Abanyarwanda batari bake kugera ku bumenyi burambye kuko mu gihe cy ear bwo abanyarwanda bagannye ishuri babikesha Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa.

Rudahigwa kandi azahora yibukwa nk’umwe mu batumye ubukirisito bukwira mu Rwanda kuko ariwe mwami wa mbere w’u Rwanda wemeye kubatizwa aba umukirisito.

Urupfu rwa Rudahigwa

Ubwo Rudahigwa yicwaga yari ari guteganya gukorera urugendo ku cyicaro cy’umuryango w’abibumbye i New York, muri Leta Zunze ubumwe z’Amerika (USA).

Akaba yaritabye Imana mu bitaro i Bujumbura mu gihugu cy’u Burundi, ibyateye urupfu rwe bikaba bitarasobanutse neza. Hagati aho ibyegeranyo bitari bike bivuga ko Rudahigwa yaba yarishwe kuko yari ari mu nzira agana ku cyicaro cy’umuryango w’abibumbye aho yasabaga ko u Rwanda rwakwigobotora ingoma y’abakoloni.

Amateka y'Umwamikazi Rosalia Gicanda

2012-02-05T08:48:00.001-08:00

Gicanda Rosariya yari Umwamikazi bivuga ko yari umugore w’umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, akaba ari we mwamikazi wa nyuma w’u Rwanda.

Yashyingiranwe na Mutara Rudahigwa nyuma yo gutoranywa mu gihugu cyose n’intumwa z’umwami. Yabaye umugore wa kabiri wa Rudahigwa nyuma y’uko uwa mbere ari we Nyiramakomali yari yirukanywe bitewe n’uko bavugaga ko atabyara, gusa Nyiramakomali yaje gushyingirwa Nyirimbirima mwene Nshozamihigo babyara abana benshi bigaragara ko Rudahigwa ariwe utarabyaraga.

Tariki 13 Mutarama 1942 nibwo Gicanda yashyingiranwe n’umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa imbere y’Imana, ubu bukwe bwabo bwari bunyuranyije n’amahame y’ubwiru bitewe n’uko Gicanda n’Umwami Rudahigwa bakomokaga mu muryango umwe w’Abanyiginya.

Gicanda Rosalie yari umugore muremure benshi bemeza ko yari mwiza kandi ko yarangwaga n’ikinyabupfura n’isoni nyinshi, ibi byagaragaye cyane mu muhango wo gutoranya umwamikazi ubwo abakobwa bose bari batoranyijwe bagombaga guca imbere y’umwami bambaye uko bavutse, bigeze kuri Gicanda araturika ararira bitewe n’uko atashoboraga kubyihanganira, ibi byatumye umwami Rudahigwa amuhitamo bitewe n’imico ye myiza.

Gicanda Rosalie yashyingiwe mu 1942. Nyuma y’urupfu rutunguranye rw’umugabo we Rudahigwa, Rosalie Gicanda yakomeje kuba i Butare aho yiciwe afite imyaka hafi 80 tariki 20 Mata 1994 azize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yicwa ku itegeko rya sous-lieutenant Pierre Bizimana na Dr Kageruka wari umuganga mu bitaro bya Kaminuza ya Butare. Gicanda bamwicanye n’abandi bagore batandatu bari inshuti ze.

Amateka: impeta z’ubutwari mu Rwanda rwo Hambere

2012-02-05T08:38:00.000-08:00

U Rwanda tuzi uyu munsi si ko rwanganaga uhereye ku mwami wa mbere Gihanga wahanze u Rwanda ukagera kuri Kigeli IV Rwabugili, umwami watumye u Rwanda rubasha kwanda (kwaguka) ari naho haturutse izina Rwanda.

Amateka atubwira ko umutima w’u Rwanda ari agace ka Muhazi mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba. Kugira ngo u Rwanda rwaguke, abagabo bose batabariraga igihugu bakakirwanira, Nibwo bigaruriye Ndorwa na Nduga ndetse na Marangara barakomeza bagera mu Kinyaga n’ahandi. Uwagiraga ubutwari ku rugamba yashimirwaga n’umwami akamwambika impeta z’ubutwari ari byo twakwita amapeti mu iki gihe.

Intwari yicaga ababisha barindwi ku rugamba yambikwaga impeta bita Umudende. Uwo mudende wari icyuma kimeze nk’umukwege bambaraga mu ijosi gitunzweho amashinjo (inyuma bicuze nk’umuhunda ucuritse birimo amarebe nk’ayo mu nzogera).

Indi mpeta y’ubutwari yari impotore yambikwagwa umuntu wivuganye ababisha cyangwa abanyamahanga 14 abatsinze ku rugamba. Nyuma y’urugamba yambikwaga umuringa usa n’amazi uzinze nk’inyabubiri akawambara ku kuboko kw’iburyo.

Ipeti ry’ikirenga ryari gucana uruti. Iyo mpeta yahabwaga umuntu wishe ababisha 21 ku rugamba. Kugira ngo ayihabwe ibwami haberaga imihango ikomeye ikitabirwa n’umwami ubwe. Uwo muntu wavunye uruti yabaga yubashywe bitavugwa akanafatwa nk’intwari y’ikirenga.

Uwagize ubutwari akabiratira abandi mu kivugo cyabimburiga kandi kinasoza ikintu cyose avuze. Ibyo byatumaga Umunyarwanda wese aharanira kuba intwari bityo agashira ubwoba ku rugamba.

Ubutwari bwo ku rugamba ni ubwo ku gihe cya Gihanga I Ngomijana na Kigeli IV Rwabugili. Muri iki gihe dukeneye kugira ubutwari ku rugamba rwo kurwanya ubukene no kubwikuramo, kurwanya indwara zidakira nka Sida, kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, guharanira ubumwe bw’Abanyarawanda n’ibindi. Ejo ejobundi ubutwari bwawe buzamenyekana mu gihugu cyawe ndetse byambuke imipaka baguha ibihembo ubutitsa.

Amateka: Ku i Juru rya Kamonyi hatuye Abami batatu

2012-02-05T08:33:00.000-08:00

Umusozi wa Juru rya Kamonyi Uherereye mu Kagari ka Nkingo, umurenge wa Gacurabwenge ho mu Karere ka Kamonyi. Uyu musozi uherereye mu bilometero nka bitanu uvuye ku muhanda wa Kaburimbo aho imodoka zihagarara.

Umusaza Gashara Pascal ufite imyaka 100 ni kavukire kuri uwo musozi, Ngo yavutse ku ngoma ya ya Yuhi V Musinga. Uwo musaza avuga ko ku musozi wa Juru nta bandi bantu bari bahatuye kuko hari ibwami ”abaturage bari batuye kuri iyi misozi ikikije juru bakaza I bwami bazanye amaturo cyangwa baje ku karubanda”. Kuri ubu ariko inzu y’uyu musaza yubatse ahari ku Karubanda ni ukuvuga aho umwami yahuriraga na rubanda mu birori cyangwa akemura ibibazo bya rubanda.

Gashara avuga ko we n’ababyeyi be baje gutura ku musozi wa Juru ku ngoma ya Mutara IV Rudahigwa bitewe n’uko bari bamaze gusenyerwa Mapfuriro wari umutware wa Kigembe (umusozi wegeranye na Juru), aho bari batuye kubera imirimo y’uburetwa bari banze gukora. Umutware Ruvuzandekwe rero ngo niwe watuje umuryango wa Gashara ahari urugo rw’umwami Musinga.

Icyo gihe rero umusozi wa Juru wari mu maboko y’umutware Ruvuzandekwe Venanti wari umutware wa Kamonyi kuko umwami Rudahigwa we atigeze agira urugo kuri uwo musozi. Uyu musaza avuga ko Rudahigwa yimwe nta mitsindo iriho kuko abandi bami bagiraga ingo z’imiterekero zirimo urwo Musinga yari afite kuri Juru. Akaba avuga ko Musinga atigeze aruturamo ko ahubwo hari umuja w’imitsindo witwaga “Nyangore”wari ufite abandi baja bamugaragiye. Muri bo uwo musaza yibukamo Kamayanja na Mukarutabana. Nyangore uwo ngo niwe wacyiraga amaturo mu cyimbo cy’umwami Musinga. Ngo ni nawe amashyo y’ibwami yakamirwaga.

Uwo musaza avuga amashyo ane umwami yari afite kuri uwo musozi wa Juru. Ngo hari “Insaga” zari ziragiwe n’uwitwa Ruberwa, “Iz’imuganza” zaragirwaga na Bymbwa, “Iz’Ikageyo”za Rugeyo n’”Ibirori” zaragirwaga na Semabumba.

Gashara avuga ko Musinga Atari we wenyine wagize urugo kuri Juru. Ku gice gihana imbibe n’amasambu ye hari ahari hatuye Umwami Yuhi III Mazimpaka n’ahatuye Mutara II Rwogera. Yameza ko n’ubwo yavutse abo bami baratanze, uko ababyeyi be babimubwiye, abo bami bo ngo babaye muri izo ngo kuko hari n’ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko bahabaye. Ati “kwa Mazimpaka hariyo igisoro yabugurizagaho. Naho Rwogera niwe waciraga imanza aha ntuye”.

Ahari kwa Rwogera hatuye uwitwa Rwakayigamba naho ahari kwa Mazimpaka hatuye Mutwarasibo. Ngo bose bakaba barahakebewe n’umutware Ruvuzandekwe. Ku musozi wa Shori uri haruguru y’urugo rwa Gashara, ubu ukaba uteyeho ishyamba, icyo gihe ngo hari urwuri rw’inka z’ibwami.

Amateka: I nkomoko ya Gahunga k’Abarashi

2012-02-05T08:31:00.000-08:00

Umurenge wa Gahunga uherereye mu ntara y’amajyaruguru mu karere ka Burera, uwo murenge mumateka witwaga Gahunga k’Abarashi.

Ndagijimana Yuvenari umwe mu bakomoka ku Barashi avuga ko impamvu bahita gutyo ari uko inzu y’Abarashi ibarizwa mu bwoko bw’Ababacyaba b’Abarashi, bakomoka kuri Karashi ari we mukurambere wabo. Kwitwa Karashi byaba byaratewe n’uko ngo uyu musekuruza yari umukogoto w’umuheto (umuhanga mu kurashisha umuheto.)

Karashi ngo yavaga inda imwe n’abandi bahungu barimo Kanaga ndetse na Karandura, imiryango yabo ikaba ifite inkomoko muri nkole nkuko Ndagijimana abivuga.

Ndagijimana akomeza avuga ko benshi mu barashi babaye ibyamamare mu ngabo z’i bwami ariko uwamamaye cyane ni Rukara rwa Bishingwe wari umutware w’abakemba, uruyenzi, abemeranzigwe n’urukandagira iyi yose ikaba yari imitwe y’ingabo yariho ku ngoma ya Yuhi Musinga. Ubu iyo ugeze mu murenge wa Gahunga bashobora kukwereka ahaherereye imva ya Rukara rwa Bishingwe.

Amateka: Imirimbo yo ku Maguru no ku maboko mu Rwanda rwo Hambere

2012-02-05T08:30:00.001-08:00

Ubutega : bukoze mu tuziga duto tuboshye. Abagore babwambaraga ku maguru yombi. Abishoboye bashoboraga kwambara ubugera ku magana, biturutse ku bushobozi bwo kubwigurira. Bwagiraga icyo buhindura ku ntambuko y’ubwambaye.

Ibitare : bwakorwaga mu busenzi bw’inka bazingurizagaho utugozi duto dukoze mu muringa. Abagore babyambaraga ari byinshi ku maboko, naho abagabo bo ntibarenzaga tubiri kuri buri kaboko. Hari n’ababyambaraga ku maguru.

Imiringa : yambarwaga ku maboko no ku maguru. Abagabo bambaraga umwe cyangwa ibiri ku maboko, naho abagore bakambara myinshi ku buryo hari n’igihe yageraga mu nkokora.

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bw’imiringa. Hari umuringa muremure cyane bazingaga ku buryo uba ushushe nk’imiringa nyinshi umuntu yambaye. Wabaga ugizwe n’inziga ziri hagati y’umunani na makumyabiri. Bawitaga umuringa w’amazi w’umuzinge.

Hariho n’umuringa w’igihindo (biva ku nshinga guhinda, bivuga guhagarika). Uyu wabaga ubyibushye, ukoze mu cyuma gihese. Bawushyiraga hafi y’ikiganza kugira ngo utangire indi miringa yo inanutse kandi miremire. Iyo uyu muringa wabaga ukoze mu cyuma bita umuringa, bawitaga umuringa w’umujumba.

Amateka:Imitako yo mu Ijosi no mu Gihimba

2012-02-05T08:28:00.000-08:00

Inigi : ni imitamirizo y’amasaro manini cyangwa aringaniye yabaga atunze ku kagozi k’umuvumu. Zambarwaga mu ijosi, mu ruhanga, ku maboko cyangwa mu mayunguyungu. Hariho ubwoko bw’urunigi bitaga urunigi rw’ikirezi. Ni urunigi rwabaga rukoze mu masaro manini y’umweru n’ay’umutuku. Rwakundaga kwambarwa n’abagabo. Hariho n’urunigi rukoze mu masaro manini y’umweru n’ubururu rwakundaga kwambarwa n’abagore. Umutambya wo wari ubwoko bw’urunigi rwabaga rugizwe n’amasaro atunze ku kagozi k’icyuma hanyuma bakarufungisha akagozi k’ubuhivu.

Inigi kandi, abagore, abakobwa n’abana bashoboraga no kuzambara mu mayunguyungu, ni izo bitaga inigi zo mu nda. Hari n’abazitakaga ku myambaro.

Ikirezi : cyari igikonoshwa (coquillage) cy’umweru. Abagabo n’abagore bagitungaga ku kagozi hanyuma bakacyambara mu ijosi ku buryo gitendera mu gituza. Hari ubwo abagore bambaraga bibiri ku buryo kimwe kiba kiri hejuru y’ikindi. Hari n’ubwo ikirezi bagitungaga ku kagozi hamwe n’amasaro.

Hari n’imitako bitaga imidende, yambarwaga n’abagabo bishe ababisha barindwi ku rugamba cyangwa abagore babyaye karindwi.

Abana bo bambaraga mu ijosi cyangwa mu mayunguyungu inkondo. Zari uduti tubaje ku buryo tuburungushuye cyangwa dushushe nk’umwashi, turi hagati y’icumi na mirongo itatu. Akenshi twabaga duhambiranyije ku ruhande rumwe. Hari n’igihe badutungaga ku kagozi hamwe n’ibirezi maze abana bakabyambara mu ijosi. Inkondo zatumaga umuntu amenya aho umwana aherereye kuko zagendaga zikomanaho.

Amateka: Imirimbo mu Rwanda rwo Hambere

2012-02-05T08:13:00.000-08:00

Abanyarwanda baririmbishaga. Bagiraga imirimbo batamiriza mu mutwe, bakagira iyo bambara mu ijosi no ku gihimba, ku maboko no ku maguru.

Imitamirizo yo ku mutwe

Urugori, rwambarwaga n’abagore babyaye. Rwari ikimenyetso cy’ububyeyi.

Igikubwe, nacyo cyari nk’urugori ariko cyo cyabaga gikoze mu masaro. Cyambarwaga n’abagore bo mu miryango ikomeye.

Intambi ni uduti tubiri dufatanye ku buryo dukora inyuguti ya H, tuba dutatseho amasaro.

Amashyoro : ni nk’uduti tuba dutakishije amasaro. Ngo twambarwaga n’abagore n’abakobwa bo mu miryango ikize. Badushyiraga ku mpande zombi z’uruhanga

Amahembe : Ku ngoma ya Yuhi V Musinga, abagore bo miryango ikomeye batamirizaga amahembe. Twari dushushe nk’amahembe atakishije udusaro duto cyane, maze bakadutamiriza ku buryo tuba twigoronzoye tureba inyuma.

Igisingo : cyari nk’ingofero itakishije amasaro. Cyambarwaga n’umwami ndetse n’umugabekazi gusa.

Amateka:Imyambarire yo mu Rwanda rwo Hambere

2012-02-05T08:07:00.000-08:00

Mbere y’uko imyambaro ikoze mu bitambaro tubona kuri iki gihe yaduka mu Rwanda, Abanyarwanda bambaraga imyambaro ikoze mu mpu z’amatungo bororaga n’iza zimwe mu nyamaswa bahigaga ndetse n’ikoze mu gishishwa cy’umuvumu.

Muri rusange, abana bato ntibambaraga. Hagati y’imyaka irindwi n’umunani ni bwo batangiraga kwambara. Icyo gihe bambaraga imyambaro ikoze mu butumba bw’insina akenshi babaga bikoreye ubwabo yitwa uruyonga. Urwo ruyonga bashoboraga kurukenyera cyangwa kurwitera.

Guhera ku myaka 16-17, abana b’abahungu bakenyeraga umwenda ugizwe n’uruhu rwose cyangwa ukoze mu gishishwa cy’umuvumu bita impuzu, naho ab’abakobwa bakambara uruhu akenshi babaga bazirikiye ku rutugu bita ikinyita.

Ariko, abana b’abakobwa bo mu miryango ikize bo, kuva ari abangavu, bambaraga umwenda wabaga ukoze mu ruhu rw’inyana uriho inshunda ndende bita indengera. Uwo mwenda witwaga ishabure.

Witegereje, ishabure ntiyambikaga neza uyambaye, kuko yari igizwe n’akenda gato ko guhisha imbere (cache-sexe) naho inyuma habereye aho. Ibi byaterwaga n’uko akenshi abakobwa bo mu miryango ikize bagumaga mu rugo ntibagire aho bajya, kandi bagashyingirwa bakiri bato.

Muri rusange, abantu bakuru barakenyeraga bakanitera cyangwa bagakenyera gusa. Abagore bakenyeraga uruhu rw’inka bita inkanda cyangwa umwenda ukoze mu gishishwa cy’umuvumu bita impuzu. Iyo nkanda cyangwa impuzu bayikenyeraga bifashishije umweko wabaga uriho inzaratsi.

Abagabo bo muri rusange bakenyeraga uruhu cyangwa impuzu ngufi ugereranyije n’iz’abagore.

Na none ariko, hari ubwo abagabo, abasore n’abakobwa bo mu miryango ikize bambaraga umwenda witwa umukane. Wari umwenda ukoze mu ruhu rw’inka cyangwa rw’impongo wabaga upima nka cm 30 z’uburebure uzengurutswe hose n’inshunda ndende (indengera), hanyuma bakawukenyera ku buryo ubegereye. Bavuga ko n’umwami yambaraga umukane ariko ukoze mu ruhu rw’inkomo.

Mu duce two mu nkiga, abakobwa baho bambaraga imyenda minini ikoze mu mpu ebyiri z’ihene babaga bateranyije. Umwambaro nk’uwo bawitaga igicirane cyangwa igiteranyo. Ababyeyi bahekaga abana mu ruhu rw’intama rwitwa ingobyi.

Amateka:Uko Imyambaro yo mu Mpu Yategurwa

2012-02-05T08:05:00.000-08:00

Muri rusange, Abanyarwanda bambaraga impu z’amatungo bororaga ari yo inka, ihene n’intama. Hari n’ubwo bambaraga impu z’inyamaswa bishe nk’isha, ifumberi n’inzobe.

Bakimara kubaga, uruhu bahitaga barubamba ku butaka bakoresheje uduti dusongoye bita imambo, kugira ngo ruzume rurambutse. Byakorwaga ku buryo ubwoya bujya hasi mu gihe ahomotse ku mubiri hanikwa ku zuba. Igihe cyose rutaruma, bararuharaga ari byo gukuraho utunyama twasigayeho barubaga. Utwo tunyama batwita inkuru.

Uruhu rumaze kuma neza bararubamburaga, bakarunyukisha ibirenge kugira ngo rworohe, barangiza bakarusiga ikimuri (amavuta y’inka) ari nako baruvugutisha intoke kugira ngo rworohe kurushaho.

Nyuma yaho bakuragaho ibice bidakenewe nk’umutwe. Ku ruhu rw’ihene n’urw’intama amaguru n’amaboko byo babirekeragaho, ariko ku ruhu rw’inka, ahanini rwambarwaga n’abagore, ho babikuragaho byose.

Hari ubwo uruhu abagore bambaraga, arirwo bita inkanda, wasangaga rujya gutukura. Byaterwaga n’uko mbere yo kurusiga amavuta babanzaga kurusiga inkurwe, igitaka gitukura babaga bavanze n’utuzi.

Iyo uruhu rwacikaga, bararubariraga (kurudoda) cyangwa bakarutera ikiremo bifashishije uruhindu n’akagozi bakebye ku ruhu.

Amateka y'Abami b'u Rwanda: Ingoro ya Rudahigwa Yirukanywemo Abamikazi 2 n'Umugabekazi Umwe

2012-02-05T08:00:00.000-08:00

Umwami Mutara wa III Rugahigwa yatwaye u Rwanda kuva mu mwaka w’1931 kugeza mu mwaka w’1959 ubwo yatangaga, ku buryo abanyamateka n’abashakashatsi batarabasha gusobanura neza.

Uyu mwami yari atuye i Nyanza mu Rukari. Mu busanze aho umwami yabaga atuye ni naho habaga hari icyicaro cy’ubwami cyangwa icyo kuri iki gihe twakwita ibiro.

Umwami wayoboraga u Rwanda yafatanyaga n’umugabekazi kuyobora igihugu. Aha Umugabekazi yabaga ari nyina ubyara uwo mwami cyangwa akaba n’undi mugore mu gihe nyina yabaga yarapfuye. Uyu Mugabekazi bakaba baramwitaga umugabekazi w’umutsindirano.

Umwami Rudahigwa niwe mwami wa mbere w’u Rwanda wabaye mu nyubako ya kijyambere. Iyi nyubako yavuzweho byinshi bitari byiza byatewe ahanini n’abakoloni b’Ababiligi.

Aha abasobanura amateka y’iyi ngoro bavuga ko iyi nzu yirukanwemo abamikazi babiri ndetse n’umugabekazi umwe bitewe n’abakoloni.

Aha Umwami Rudahigwa yayoboranaga n’umugabekazi Kankazi, wari nyina umubyara. Nk’uko byari bisanzwe umugabekazi yagombaga kuba hafi y’umwami kugirango amufashe.

Aha Umwami Rudahigwa kuva yakwima ingoma mu mwaka w’1931 kugeza mu mwaka w’1939 yabanaga mu ngora imwe n’umugabekazi Kankazi. Ariko abazungu bakaba batarishimiraga ko bakomeza kubana kuko bavugaga ko Kankazi ariwe woshyaga Rudahigwa kudakora ibyo abakoloni bashakaga.

Bakaba barahise birukana Kankazi muri iyi ngoro. Yahise ajya gutura i Gitarama. Akaba yarajyaga aza gusura Umwami Rudahigwa ariko ntahamare igihe kinini. Muri iyi nzu hakaba hari icyumba cyari kigenewe gusa Umugabekazi kankazi n’umuhungu we Rudahigwa, mu kuganira ku by’imiyoborere yabo.

Hirukanywe n’abamikazi

Mu busanzwe umwami yagiraga abagore benshi nyamara Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa we yagize abagore babiri gusa. Ibi akaba yarabitewe n’imyemerere ya gikirisitu yazanywe n’abazungu.

Mbere y’uko Rudahigwa aba umukirisitu yari afite umugore witwa Nyiramakomari ariko abazungu bamutegeka kumwirukana ngo ashake undi bijyanye n’amahame n’ukwemera kwa kiliziya gatolika.

Mu mwaka w’1942 yashakanye na Rosalie Gicanda baje no gusezeranira muri kiliziya gatolika. Uyu mwamikazi Gicanda akaba yarakomeje kubana na Rudahigwa kugeza ubwo batandukanywaga n’urupfu mu mwaka w’1959.

Mu mwaka w’1961 ingoma ya cyami yarahiritswe. Umwamikazi Gicanda, yirukanwe n’ingoma ya Repubulika ya Mbere yari iyobowe na Perezida Gregoire Kayibanda wategetse ko Gicanda ava muri iyi Ngoro kugirango ubwami bwibagirane burundu mu Rwanda.

Gicanda akaba yarahise ajya gutura mu mujyi wa Butare mu mwaka w’1963, ari naho yaje kwicirwa hamwe na nyina wamubyaraga. Bishwe ku itariki ya 20 Mata 1994, mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Uturere tw'u Rwanda: Inkomoko y'Amazina y'Ahantu muri Ngororero

2012-02-05T07:46:00.000-08:00

Mu murenge wa Kageyo mu kagari ka Mukore (ahari umukore wa Rwabugiri) mu mudugudu wa Gaseke hari ahantu bita ku Muko w’Abakobwa.

Iyo nyito ngo yaturutse ku bakobwa bane b’umwami bari bavuye ahitwa I Muramba, bageze mu nzira ahitwa mu Nyamata bagira inyota bashaka amazi yo kunywa, umusore barikumwe afora umuheto ararasa, Aho umwambi uguye havuka iriba abakobwa baranywa bashira inyota.

Bakomeje urugendo baza bagera ku giti cy’umuko batutubikanye, baca amababi yacyo bihanagura ibyuya, muri ako kanya ngo baba bararigise, barigitana na cyagiti cy’umuko.

Nkuko NSENGIYUMVA Faustin, wo mumurenge wa kageyo, akagari ka mukore umudugudu wa gaseke yabidutekerereje, ngo aho barigitiye kugeza magingo aya hari icyobo cyamezeho igihuru kandi ngo icyo gihuru iyo bagitwitse ngo ntigishobora gushya.