AMPICS Rockstar

Assignment – 8

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 19 Feb 2013 21:37:00 -0800

• Assignment – 8

Question-1: State whether the following statements are True or false.

(a) When initializing a string variable during its declaration, we must include the null character as part of the string constant, like ‘GOOD\0’.

Answer: False.

(b) The gets function automatically appends the null character at the end of the string read from the keyboard.

Answer: True.

(d) String variables cannot be used with the assignment operator.

Answer: True.

(e) We cannot perform arithmetic operations on character variables.

Answer: False.

(f) We can assign a character constant or a character variable to an int type variable.

Answer: False.

(g) The function scanf cannot be used in any way to read a line of text with the white spaces.

Answer: False.

(h) The ASCII character set consists of 128 distinct characters.

Answer: True.

(i) In the ASCII collating sequence, the uppercase letters precede lowercase letters.

Answer: True.

(j) In C, it is illegal to mix character data with numeric data in arithmetic operations.

Answer: False.

(k) The function getchar skips white-space during input.

Answer: False.

(l) In C, strings cannot be initialized at run time.

Answer: False.

(m) The input function gets has one string parameter.

Answer: True.

(n) The function call strcpy (s2, s1); copies string s2 into string s1.

Answer: False.

(o) The function call strcmp ( ‘abc’ , ‘ABC’ ); returns a positive number.

Answer: True.

Question-2: Fill in the blanks in the following statements.

(a) We can use the conversion specification ….. in scanf to read a line of text.

Answer: code.

(b) We can initialize a string using the string manipulation function ……...

Answer: strcpy()

Answer: three

(d) To use the function atoi in a program, we must include the header file ……. .

Answer: <std.lib.h>

(e) The function ……. does not require any conversion specification to read a string from the keyboard.

Answer: gets.

(f) The function ……… is used to determine the length of a string.

Answer: strlen.

(g) The ……….string manipulation function determines if a character is contained in a string.

Answer: strstr.

(h) The function ………..is used to sort the strings in alphabetical order.

Answer: strcmp().

(i) The function call strcat (s2,s1); appends …s1… to …s2….

Answer: s1, s2.

(j) The printf may be replaced by ……… function for printing trings.

Answer: Puts().

Question-3: Assuming the variable string contain the value “ The sky is the limit. ”, determine

what output of the following segments will be.

(a) printf (“%s”,string);

Output: The sky is the limit

(b) printf(“%25.10s”,string);

Output: The sky is

output: abnormal termination of program due to %s instead of %c

(d) for(i=0;string[i]!= “.”,i++)

printf(“%c”,string[i]);

output: error due to "." instead of '.'

(e) for(i=0;string[i]!= ‘\0’;i++)

printf(“%d\n”,string[i]);

output: ascii value of each character (84 104 101 32 115 107 121 32 105 115 32 108 105 109 105 116 46)

(f) for(i=0;i<=strlen[string]; ;)

{

string[i++]=i;

printf(“%s\n”,string[i]);

}

output: error due to wrong declaration of for statement

(g) printf(“%c\n”,string[10]+5);

output: %

(h) printf(“%c\n”,string[10]+5’);

output: error

Question - 4: Which of the following statements will correctly store the concatenation of strings s1 and s2 in string s3?

(a) s3=strcat (s1,s2);

Answer: error.

(b) strcat(s1,s2,s3);

Answer: error.

(d) strcpy(s3,strcat(s1,s2));

Answer: correct.

(e) strcmp(s3,strcat(s1,s2));

Answer: false.

(f) strcpy(strcat(s1,s2),s3);

Answer: false.

Question -5: What will be the output of the following statements?

printf(“%d”,strcmp(“push”, “pull”));

output: 7

Question - 6: Assume that s1, s2 and s3 are declared as follows:

char s1[10]= “he”, s2[20]= “she”, s3[30], s4[30];

What will be the output of following statements executed in sequence?

printf(“%s”, strcpy(s3, s1));

printf(“%s”,strcat(strcat(strcpy(s4,s1),“or”),s2));

printf(“%d%d”,strlen(s2)+strlen(s3),strlen(s4));

output:

heorshe

5 7

Question 7-: Find errors if any, in the following code segments;

(a) char str[10]

strncpy(str, “GOD”, 3);

printf(“%s”,str);

Answer: error.

Correct answer: char str[10];

strcpy(str, “GOD”, 3);

printf(“%s”,str);

(b) char str[10];

strcpy(str, “Balagurusamy”);

Answer: no error.

printf(“Substring is found”);

Answer: no error.sss

(d) char s1[5], s2[10],

gets(s1, s2);

Answer: error.

Correct answer: char s1[5], s2[10];

gets(s1);

gets(s2);

Question -8: What will be the output of the following segment ?

char s1[]= “Kolkata”;

char s2[]= “Pune”;

strcpy(s1, s2);

printf(“%s”,s1);

Output:

Pune

Question -9: What will be the output of the following segments ?

char s1[]= “NEW DELHI”

char s2[]= “BANGALORE”

strncpy(s1, s2, 3);

printf(“%s”, s1);

Output:

BAN DELHI

Question - 10: What will be the output of the following code?

char s1[]= “Jabalpur”

char s2[]= “Jaipur”

printf(strncmp(s1, s2, 2))

Output:

Question -11: What will be the output of the following code?

char s1[]= “ANIL KUMAR GUPTA

char s2[]= “KUMAR”

printf(strstr(s1,s2));

Output:

KUMAR GUPTA

Question - 12: Compare the working of the following functions:

(a) stcpy and strncpy;

Answer: The function strcpy copies one string to another string but the function strncpy copies only the left-most n characters of the source string to the target string variable.

(B) strcat and strncat

Answer: The function strcat joins two strings together but the function strncat

concanate left-most n characters of target string to source string.

Answer: The strcmp function compares two strings identified by the arguments but

strncmp function compares the left-most n characters of two string .

L.D.P Assignment L-7

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 5 Feb 2013 04:59:00 -0800

Q.1 state whether the following statement are true or false.

(a) The type of all elements in an array must be the same.

Ans:-true

(b) When an array is declared, C automatically initializes its elements to zero.

Ans:-false

Ans:-true

(d) Accessing an array outside its range is a compile time error.

Ans:-true

(e) A char type variable cannot be used as a subscript in an array.

Ans:-false

(f) An unsigned long int type can be used as a subscript in an array.

Ans:-true

(g) In C, by default, the first subscript is zero.

Ans:-true

(h) When initializing a multidimensional array, not specifying all its dimensions is an error.

Ans:-false

(i)When we use expressions as a subscript, its result should be always greater than zero.

Ans:-false

(j) In C, we can use a maximum of 4 dimensions for an array.

Ans:-false

(k)In declaring an array, the array size can be a constant or variable or an expression.

Ans:-true

(l)The declaration int x[2]={1,2,3}; is illegal.

Ans:-true

Q.2 Fill in the blanks in the following statements.

(a)The variable used as a subscript in an array is popularly known as ----------- variable.

Ans:-index

(b)An array can be initialized either at compile time or at --------.

Ans:-run time

Ans:-dynamic

(d) An array that uses more than two subscript is referred to as

---------array.

Ans:-multidimensional

(e) -------- is the process of arranging the elements of an array in order.

Ans:-sorting

Q.3 Identify errors, if any, in each of the following array declaration statements, assuming that ROW and COLUMN are declared symbolic constants:

(a) Int score (100);

error: declaration syntax error

Ans:-[100];

(b) Float values [10, 15];

Ans:-float value[10][15];

Ans:-float average[row][column];

(d) char name[15];

Ans:-true

(e) Int sum [];

Ans:-value is not defined

(f) Double salary [i + row]

Ans:-semicolon

Double salary [i+row];

(g) Long int number [row]

Ans:-long int number [row];

(h) Int array x [column];

Ans:-int x [column];

Q.4 Identify errors, if any, in each of the following initialization statements.

(a) Int number [] = {0,0,0,0,0};

Ans:-true

(b) float item[3][2]={0,1,2,3,4,5};

Ans:-true

(d) int m[2,4]={(0,0,0,0)(1,1,1,1)};

Ans:-int m[2][4]={(0,0,0,0)(1,1,1,1)};

(e) Float result [10] =0;

Ans:-true

Q.5 Assume that the array A and B are declared as follows:

Int A [5] [4];

Float B [4];

Find the error (if any) in the following program segments.

(a) for (i=1; i<=5; i++)

for (j=1; j<=4;j++)

A[i][j] = 0;

Ans:-logic error

(b) for (i=1; i<=4; i++)

Scanf (“%f”,B[i]);

Ans:-not generate error of compile time but get three value

B[i]=B[i]+i;

Ans:-compile time no error but logical error

(d) for (i=4; i<=0; i--)

for (j=0;j<4;j++)

A[i] [j]=B[j]+1.0;

Ans:- compile time not generate error but logical value

Q.6 We want to declare a two-dimensional integer type array called matrix for 3 rows and 5 columns. Which of the following declarations are correct?

(a) Int maxtrix [3] , [5];

Ans:-correct

(b) Int matrix [5] [3];

Ans:- wrong

Ans:-correct

(d) Int matrix [3,5];

Ans:-wrong

(e) Int matrix [3] [5];

Ans:-correct

Q.7 which of the following initialization statements are correct?

(a) char str1 [4] = “GOOD”;

Ans:-correct

(b) char str2 [ ] = “C”;

Ans:-wrong

Ans:-correct

(d) char str4 [ ] = {‘S’,’U’,’N’};

Ans:-correct

(e)char str5 [10] = “SUN”;

Ans:-correct

Q.8 what is the error in the following program?

main( )

{

int x;

float y [ ] ;

…….

}

*Error:-size of ‘y’ is unknown or zero

Q.9 what is the output of the following program?

main()

{

int m [] = {1,2,3,4,5};

int x, y=0;

for(x=0;x<5;x++)

y = y+m[x];

printf(“%d”,y);

}

OUTPUT:- 15

Q.10 what is the output of the following program?

main()

{

chart string [] =”HELLO WORLD”;

int m;

for(m=0;string [m] !=’\0’;m++)

if((m%2) = = 0)

printf(“%c”,string[m]);

}

OUTPUT:-HLOWRD

COA Most IMP QUE

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 23 Nov 2012 07:35:00 -0800

K map

De-morgan

xs-3

hamming code

checksum

CPU with fig

BUS( data, address, control)

adder(half, full, binary)

Gates

Number system

conversion

parity bit(odd, even)

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LDP internal exam paper

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 23 Nov 2012 07:29:00 -0800

LDP Flowchart no.30

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 2 Nov 2012 11:22:00 -0700

Download

http://www.2shared.com/file/wJxtIPoy/flow_30.html

LDP Algo

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 2 Nov 2012 11:14:00 -0700

Download

http://www.2shared.com/document/5Pah1N78/algo.html

LDP FLOWCHART

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 2 Nov 2012 11:11:00 -0700

Download

http://www.2shared.com/document/75QqA-nM/FLOWCHART1.html

LCS- Assignment- COMMUNICATION

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 26 Sep 2012 10:39:00 -0700

Q1) DISCUSS MODERN MODES OF COMMUNICATION IN DETAILS.

Ans)

1) Telephone : It is the most useful and universal medium of oral communication with a person who is not present at the same place as the sender. The telephone instrument has evolved, over the years, into very sophisticated forms with many new facilities.

An answering machine can be attached to the telephone to take a message if you cannot answer it.

Conference facility permits three or more persons from different parts of the world to have a discussion by telephone.

Caller identity device attached to the telephone can show the number from which the incoming call is being made.

Intercom is an internal telephone system which allows communication between persons in different parts of a building.

STD (Subscriber Trunk Dialing) allows a user to make call to a number in another city directly, without having to call the operator at the telephone exchange.

ISD (International Subscriber Dialing) allows the user to call a number to any of the major cities of the world, without calling the operator at the telephone exchange.

2) Cellular Phone (Mobile) : The cellular (mobile) phone is based on a combination of the old radio technology and emerging telecommunication technology. Cellular phones have some of the characteristics of the home phones but there are several differences. Cellular phones operate through airways, much like a radio.

Cellular phone instruments have facilities for storage of numbers, record of missed calls (calls which were not answered), for receiving text messages, for leaving voice mail, and for receiving information given by the network about the weather about conditions on the road, and other vital news needed while travelling. Call conferencing allows up to five parties to hold a discussion.

Mobile phones now have the capacity for multimedia messaging. It allows you to add picture, sound, color, voice, animation, to messages which you send over the mobile phone. You can take a photo, edit it instantly and send it with text or a sound clip. Photos taken by MMS-enabled phone can be sent to other MMS-enabled phones, to e-mail addresses, can be published on the internet, used in a presentation, or just stored in a personal album.

SMS : SMS (Short Message Service) is sending and receiving text messages to and from mobile telephones. The text may include words or numbers or a combination of both. SMS is also known as text messages, messages and SMSes.

Voice Mail : Voice mail is a communication service on a telephone line. The simple answering machine which can be attached to a telephone is a form of voice mail, it allows a caller to leave a name/ number and message if you do not answer the phone. The message can be retrieved and answered later, at a more convenient time.

3) Fax : The facsimile machine is a device for transmitting copies of printed images over telephone lines. The machine is connected to the telephone through a modem. The sender has to dial the receiver’s fax number, insert the documents into the machine and press the start button. The machine scans the page and makes an electronic representation of the text and graphics, compresses the data to save transmission time and transmits into the dialed fax machine. The receiving machine decrypts the signals and uses its in-built printer to produce an exact photocopy of the original page. The cost of the printout is borne by the receiver.

Fax permits quick exchange of information and documents between offices and organizations and individuals. Important decisions and instructions can be quickly conveyed to branches and other offices.

The fax machine can be set to function as a telephone or as a voice mail (answering machine) by pressing relevant buttons. It can also make one or two photo copies of a document.

4) E-mail : Electronic mail requires a computer, a telephone line and a modem. The connection is given by the VSNL, the MTNL and other e-mail and Internet Service Providers (ISP). E-mail is the most frequently used application of the internet.

It is easy to send e-mail; you can prepare the message on a word processing programme, log onto your e-mail, copy and paste the message on the ‘compose’ frame; or you can write the message directly on the compose frame after logging on and send it by clicking on the ‘send’ button. The message remains in the receiver’s e-mail inbox and can be read or deleted at any time.

In order to send an e-mail, you must know the recipient’s e-mail address. This has the form: rockstar@someplace.com/co.in/ac.in etc

5) Teleconferencing : Teleconferencing can bring people together without anyone having to spend time and money on travelling. There are three types of teleconferencing. (A) Audio teleconferencing (B) Audio graphics teleconferencing (C) Video teleconferencing.

Audio teleconferencing : is conference by telephone; it is the most frequently used, most productive and inexpensive medium. It is also called ‘phone meeting’; it does not need any special equipment other than the ordinary telephone.

Audio graphics teleconferencing provides the facility to move text, computer generated images, photographs and large files over ordinary telephone lines (like the internet).

Video teleconferencing allows people at different location to see and hear each other at the same time; it is fully interactive and almost like a face to face meeting. Depending on the level of technology used, it may connect to locations interactively or it may be broadcast video with the broadcasting site transmitting its image to many sites that may be able to communicate back through standard telephone lines. With more complex systems and equipments it is possible to have more than two locations connected together so that they can all see and hear one another, very much like an actual meeting.

Q2) DISCUSS PHYSICAL AND LINGUISTIC BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION

Ans)
Physical Barriers

Defects in the Medium

Defects in the devices used for transmitting messages are external and usually not within the control of the parties engaged in communication. The telephone, the postal system, the courier service, or electronic media may fail. Messages can get delayed, destroyed and even lost while being transmitted. A partial failure of the mechanical equipment is more harmful than a total failure because a partial failure may carry an incomplete or distorted message. A fax message can be wrongly delivered as a wrong number can get dialed on the telephone. The printout may not be clear at all. It is advisable to call up and check that the fax has been received. If a medium like the telephone is out of order, the communication may have to be postponed or sent by an alternative medium.

Noise in the Environment

Noise is any disturbance caused by sound which occurs in the transmission process. In face-to-face communication which is carried by air vibration, the air may be disturbed by noise such as traffic, factory work, or people talking. In a factory, oral communication is very difficult because of the noise of the machines. Organizations that can afford sound-proof rooms can overcome this barrier to some extent.

Information Overload

When there is too much information, some of it is blocked in transit and may not reach the intended audience. Advertising and sales information is an example of overload; so much communication about products floats through so many media that a good deal of it does not reach the potential buyer.

Semantic and Language Barriers

Semantic means pertaining to or arising from the different meanings of words or other symbols. Language is our most important and powerful tool of communication; and yet it is a tricky tool that needs skill in handling. First of all, many words have multiple meanings. If one refers good dictionary then it can be seen that words like ‘charge’, spring’, ‘check’, ‘suit’, ‘ring’, etc have multiple meanings.

There are also some similar sounding words which create confusion in understanding. These words are considered homophones. Pronunciations of these words are same but their spelling and meanings are different. You can see the same in the words like access-excess, flour-flower-floor, cite-site-sight. Such words can cause misunderstanding in speeches.

Sentences can convey entirely different meanings depending on how they are spoken.

Eg. 1. What can I do?

2. What can I do?

The sentence means different when you stress the word ‘What’ and when you stress the word ‘I’. It becomes a routine inquiry when we stress on the word ‘what’ but it means that the problem is your own and you only will have to deal with it when we stress the word ‘I’.

3) DISCUSS IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION.

Ans:-) When we communicate with another person, it does not only refer to communication skills. Communication skills involves a lot of things like the way we respond to the person we are speaking to, body gestures including facial expressions, pitch and tone of our voice and a lot of other things. Importance of communications skills is not only limited to management field or organizations. In almost every aspect of our life or in a relationship, effective communication is needed. Given the importance of communication skills in both the personal and the corporate world, any individual who want to make progress with their life should develop this important skill. In business, a good communication skill is always required especially on advertisements for job seekers. Without good communications skills, a person may find it impossible to climb up the corporate ladder. Usually promotions come to those who can communicate well. In a relationship, good communications skills are also important. It is a good way to maintain good relationships with our love ones. Good communication skills help the relationships to develop in a nice way. Sometimes the way we say something may mean the exact opposite of what we intended to say. A good communication skill is essential in a relationship because we are free to talk about what we feel. In sharing our happiness what we do is communicate when we talk to this person.

Taking the initiative by our-self is another part of communication in a relationship. In a simpler sense of the word, make a move. Take the phone and also take initiative to start the conversation. Often people have this problem while communicating, which comes from fear. They always think a thousand times whether to approach a person or not. But a person with good communication skills is always the first to start a conversation.

How To Add Your Photo To My Computer System Properties

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 14 Sep 2012 12:12:00 -0700

1) To do it, open notepad and type the following

[General]
Manufacturer=Your Name Here
[Support Information]
Line1=Your Name Here
Line2=Your Address Here
Line3=Your Email Address Here

2) Save as OEMINFO.INI in the C:\WINDOWS\system32 folder.

3) Then create a .bmp photo and save it the System32 folder as oemlogo.bmp
The size of the image should be 180 x120 pixels.

How to talk with computer ?

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 6 Sep 2012 09:48:00 -0700

Open notepad.......
copy code which is given below nd past it in notepad........

@echo off
:start
echo Hello!What's your name?
set /p name=
echo Nice to meet you %name%!
pause

echo How are you %name%?
set /p mood=
echo That's good.%mood% too.

echo How is life going on?set /p do=
echo for me its full of adventures

echo What is ur hobby?
set /p hobby=
echo meee to %hobby%

echo Shall i go now?
set /p quit=
if %quit% == yes goto exit
if %quit% == no goto start
:exit

now
save it with name rockstar.bat
now open nd enjoy the chat........................:)

Computer Number Systems

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 5 Sep 2012 11:20:00 -0700

Computer Number Systems

click here to download pdf file for number system
http://www.2shared.com/document/lxzSDg5M/Computer_Number_Systems.html

Love Letter

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 4 Sep 2012 11:10:00 -0700

Love Letter
Click here to download free.......:)
I love You
hey friends this is virus for study use only

Being Rockstar........Raj Rockstar

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 24 Aug 2012 05:29:00 -0700

click thsss link......................:)
http://beingrockstar.blogspot.in/

IMP of LDP.....:)

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 24 Aug 2012 04:03:00 -0700

Long
Q1:- write basic structure of c program
Q2:- Explain C tokens with eg.?
Q3:- Explain constants with eg. ?
Q4:- What is variable ? Give rules for variable declaration ?
Q5:- Explain primary data type ?
Q6:- Explain enum with eg.?
Q7:- what is operator ? explain all the operator with the eg.?
Q8:- give all the symbols of flowchart
Q9:- draw a flowchart and algo. to check given no is +ve or -ve
Q10:- draw a flowchart and algo. to grade for given per.?
Q11:- write algo and flowchart to print 1,2,3....10 no?
Q12:- draw a flowchart and algo for print first five odd no and even no?
Q13:- write a program to check the given no is +ve or -ve?
Q14:- write a program to check give no is odd or even

short

Q1:- define following
     1 keyword
     2 constants
     3 trigraph character
     4 variable

Q2:- list out all the tokens
Q3:- refer assignment 1,2 nd 3.

LDP Assignment- 2

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 18 Aug 2012 23:48:00 -0700

Assignment- 2

Q1. state whether the following statement are true or false.

(a)Any valid printable ASCII character can be used in an identifier.

Ans. False

(b)All variables must be given a type when they are declared.

Ans. True

(c)Declarations can appear anywhere in a program.

Ans. True

(d)ANSI C treats the variable name and NAME to be same.

Ans. False

(e)The underscore can be used anywhere in an identifier.

Ans. False

(f)The keyword void is a data type in C.

Ans. False

(g)Floating point constants, by default, denote float type values.

Ans. True

(h)Like variables, constants have a type.

Ans. True

(i)Character constants are coded using double quotes.

Ans. True

(j)Initialization is the process of assigning a value to a variable at the time of declaration.

Ans. True

(k)All static variables are automatically initialized to zero.

Ans. True

(l)The scanf function can be used to read only one value at a time.

Ans. True

Q2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

(a)The keyword Int and double can be used to create a data type identifier.

(b)65535 is the largest value that an unsigned short int type variable can store.

(c)A global variable is also known as external variable.

(d)A variable can be made constant by declaring it with the default at the time of initialization.

Q3.What are trigraph character? How are they useful?

Ans. Many non-english keywords do not support all the charactoris. ANSI-C introduces the concept of ‘trigraph’ sequence to provide a way to enter certain characters that are not available on some keywords.

-Each trigraph sequence consists of the true characters.

-For EX:- If a keyboard does not support square brackets, we can still use them in a program using trigraphs.

Q6.Describe the characteristics and purpose of escape sequence characters.

Ans. Some special bake slash character constant that are used in output functions.

-A list of such backslash character constants each one their represents one characters.

-Although they consist of two characters.

-The combination of these characters are known as escape sequences.

- sequence:-

‘\n’ - New line

‘\t’ - Horizontal tab

Q13.What are enumeration variable? How are they declared? What is the advantages of using them in a program?

Ans.Enumerated data type provided by ANSI stander. It is defined as follows:

Enum identifier {value1, value2,……, value};

-The identifier is a user defined enumerated data type which can be have one of the values enclosed within the braces (known as enumeration constants). After this definition, we can declared variables to of this ‘new’ type as below:

Enum identifier v1, v2….vn;

-The enumerated variables v1, v2….vn can only have one of the value1, value2,…..,value.

-The assignments of the following types are valid.

V1= value3;

V5= value1;

An example:-

Enum day {Monday, Tuesday,….., Sunday}

Enum day week_st, week_end;

Week_st = Monday;

Week end = Friday;

If (week_st == Tuesday)

Week_end= Saturday;

-The compiler automatically assigns integer digits beginning with 0 to all the enumeration constants. That is enumeration constant value 1 is assigned 0, value2 is assigned 1 and so on. However the automatic assignments can be over bidden by assigning values explicitly to the enumeration constants.

Q14 . Describe the purpose of the qualifiers const and volatile.

Ans. Const:-

Const int class size=40;

-const is a new data type qualifier define by ANSI standard. This tells the compiler that the value of the int variable class –size must not be modified by the program however, it can be used on the right hand side of an assignment statements like any other variable.

-volatile:-

ANSI standard defines another qualifier volatile that could be used to tell explicitly the compiler that a variables value may be changed at any time by some external sources (from outside the program).

-example:-

Volatile int date;

Q16.Which of the following are invalid constants and why?

Ans.<1>0.0001 – valid

<2>+ 100 – valid

<3>-45.6 – valid

<4>5x1.5 – invalid

-No ’x’ special character is allowed.

<5>75.45E-2 – valid

<6>-1.79e+4 – valid

<7>99999 – valid

<8>”15.75” – invalid

-Quationts are not allowed.

<9>0.0001234 – valid

Q17.Which of the following are invalid variable names and why?

Ans. (1) doubles – it is a keyword

(2) float – it is a keyword

(3) sum total – it consist of a blank space.

(4) & Name – it must start with letter.

Q18. Find errors if any in the following declaration statements.

Ans. Error

-Declaration terminated incorrectly.

-Undefined symbol ‘exponent’.

-Statement missing.

-Undefined symbol ‘m’.

-Undefined symbol ‘n’.

-Undefined symbol ‘z’

-Statement missing declaration for ‘m’.

-Multiple declaration for ‘m’.

-Undefined symbol ‘court’.

=> Int x;

Float letter, Digit

Double, f, g, exponent, alpha, beta, m, n, z, o

Integer

Short char c;

Long int count;

Long float temp;

Q19. What would be the value of x after execution of the following statement.

Ans. Int x, y = 10;

Char z = ‘97’;

X = y + z

X = 10 + 97

X = 107.

Q20. Identify syntax errors in the following program. After corrections, what output would you expect when you execute it?

Ans.

#define PI 3.14159

Main()

{

Int R, C;

Float perimeter;

Float area;

C = PI;

Parameter = 7.0*c*R

Area = C*R*R

Printf (“%f, %f, %d” & parameters, & area)

- Here in this line comment is must complete

/* R. Radios of circle*/

- The line should be completed with semicolon C=PI;

- The printf function is among.

Printf (“%f”, parameter, area);

#define PI 3.14159

Main()

{

Int R, C /*R. Radios at circle*/

Float parameter /*Circumstance of circle*/

Float area /*area of circle*/

C=PI;

R=S;

Perimeter = 20*C*R;

Area = C*R*R;

Printf (“%f %f “, perimeter, areas”);

}

- Error

(1) Statement missing.

(2) Undefined symbol ‘parameter’.

(3) Undefined symbol ‘area’.

(4) Undefined symbol ‘parameter’.

(5) Statement missing.