ASHUTOSH MUKHERJEE

2012-11-03T04:14:00.001-07:00

HAPPY DURGA PUJA

2012-10-21T02:11:00.000-07:00

2012-10-02T03:05:00.001-07:00

2012-09-30T09:53:00.002-07:00

Raaz_3_DvDScr-Rip_Bollyv4u.com.mkv - 700.7 MB

SUPER SCENIC BEAUTY OF KANCHANJANGHA FROM UPPER PELLING

2012-09-08T05:12:00.002-07:00

SUPER SCENIC BEAUTY OF KANCHANJANGHA FROM UPPER PELLING

2012-09-08T05:08:00.000-07:00

THE SECOND HIGHEST MOUNTAIN OF WORLD KANCHANJANGHA FULL RANGE WHICH I SAW FROM UPPER PELLING AT FAR DISTANCE OF HOTEL BHAICHUNG OF WEST SIKIM.

VERY BEAUTIFUL SCENE OF KANCHANJANGHA RANGE IN THE BLUE SKY.

I AM VERY LUCKY TO SAW FULL KANCHANJANGHA RANGE

2012-08-20T01:53:00.000-07:00

2012-08-05T10:19:00.001-07:00

Beautiful Secenery

2012-07-29T02:34:00.004-07:00

atm.atmpranab.blogspot.com

Beautiful Background and Frame for Making Photo

2012-07-21T03:27:00.001-07:00

CLIPART & FRAME FOR YOU

2012-04-01T08:08:00.002-07:00

A TOUR OF GANGTOK ORIGINAL PHOTO IN THE STATE OF SIKIM

2012-03-04T01:32:00.000-08:00

Gangtok Town

Ice Hill Of Sikim

Gangtok Town

Banjhakri Water Falls Garden

Going to Baba Mandir from Sungu Lake

Nam Nang view Point

Flower Show of Sikim

Banjhakri Falls Garden

River Tista

Ice Hill Sikim

Cloud of Hill Sikim

Banjhakri Falls sikim

River Tista

Tea Garden Siliguri

Ice Hill Sikim

Sungu Lake Sikim

Ice of the Hill Sikim

Sungu Lake

Gangtok Town

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2012-01-14T20:46:00.000-08:00

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The Sundarbans (Bengali: সুন্দরবন, Shundorbôn) is the largest single block of tidal halophyticmangrove forest in the world.[1] The name Sundarban can be literally translated as "beautiful jungle" or "beautiful forest" in the Bengali language (Shundor, "beautiful" and bon, "forest" or "jungle"). The name may have been derived from the Sundari trees that are found in Sundarbans in large numbers. Alternatively, it has been proposed that the name is a corruption of Samudraban (Bengali: সমুদ্রবন Shomudrobôn "Sea Forest") or Chandra-bandhe(name of a primitive tribe).

2012-01-12T03:04:00.001-08:00

LISTEN FREE MUSIC

2012-01-10T08:53:00.000-08:00

A MEMORABLE TOUR OF SUNDARBAN THAT IS A HERRITAGE PLACE

2012-01-09T08:12:00.000-08:00

Sundarban Near Bay of Bengal

The Sundarbans (Bengali: সুন্দরবন, Shundorbôn) is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world.^[1] The name Sundarban can be literally translated as "beautiful jungle" or "beautiful forest" in the Bengali language (Shundor, "beautiful" and bon, "forest" or "jungle"). The name may have been derived from the Sundari trees that are found in Sundarbans in large numbers. Alternatively, it has been proposed that the name is a corruption of Samudraban (Bengali: সমুদ্রবন Shomudrobôn "Sea Forest") or Chandra-bandhe(name of a primitive tribe). But the generally accepted view is the one associated withSundari trees.^[1]

The Sundarban forest lies in the vast delta on the Bay of Bengal formed by the super confluence of the Padma, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers across Saiyan southernBangladesh. The seasonally-flooded Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests lie inland from the mangrove forests on the coastal fringe. The forest covers 10,000 sq.km. of which about 6,000 are in Bangladesh.^[2] It became inscribed as a UNESCO world heritage site in 1997. The Sundarbans is estimated to be about 4,110 km², of which about 1,700 km² is occupied by waterbodies in the forms of river, canals and creeks of width varying from a few meters to several kilometers.

The Sundarbans is intersected by a complex network of tidal waterways, mudflats and smallislands of salt-tolerant mangrove forests. The interconnected network of waterways makes almost every corner of the forest accessible by boat. The area is known for the eponymous Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), as well as numerous fauna including species ofbirds, spotted deer, crocodiles and snakes. The fertile soils of the delta have been subject to intensive human use for centuries, and the ecoregion has been mostly converted to intensive agriculture, with few enclaves of forest remaining. The remaining forests, taken together with the Sundarbans mangroves, are important habitat for the endangered tiger. Additionally, the Sundarbans serves a crucial function as a protective barrier for the millions of inhabitants in and around Khulna and Mongla against the floods that result from the cyclones. The Sundarbans has also been enlisted among the finalists in the New7Wonders of Nature.

The Map Of Sundarban

The mangrove-dominated Ganges Delta – the Sundarbans – is a complex ecosystem comprising one of the three largest single tracts of mangrove forests of the world. Situated mostly inBangladesh, a small portion of it lies in India. The Indian part of the forest is estimated to be about 19%, while the Bangladeshi part is 81%. To the south the forest meets the Bay of Bengal; to the east it is bordered by the Baleswar River and to the north there is a sharp interface with intensively cultivated land. The natural drainage in the upstream areas, other than the main river channels, is everywhere impeded by extensive embankments and polders. The Sundarbans was originally measured (about 200 years ago) to be of about 16,700 km². Now it has dwindled into about 1/3 of the original size. The total land area today is 4,143 km² (including exposed sandbars: 42 km²) and the remaining water area of 1,874 km² encompasses rivers, small streams and canals. Rivers in the Sundarbans are meeting places of salt water and freshwater. Thus, it is a region of transition between the freshwater of the rivers originating from the Ganges and the saline water of the Bay of Bengal (Wahid et al., 2002).

The Sundarbans along the Bay of Bengal has evolved over the millennia through natural deposition of upstream sediments accompanied by intertidal segregation. The physiography is dominated by deltaic formations that include innumerable drainage lines associated with surface and subaqueous levees, splays and tidal flats. There are also marginal marshes above mean tide level, tidal sandbars and islands with their networks of tidal channels, subaqueous distal bars and proto-delta clays and silt sediments. The Sundarbans' floor varies from 0.9 m to 2.11 m above sea level.^[8]

Biotic factors here play a significant role in physical coastal evolution, and for wildlife a variety of habitats have developed which include beaches, estuaries, permanent and semi-permanent swamps, tidal flats, tidal creeks, coastal dunes, back dunes and levees. The mangrove vegetation itself assists in the formation of new landmass and the intertidal vegetation plays a significant role in swamp morphology. The activities of mangrove fauna in the intertidal mudflats develop micromorphological features that trap and hold sediments to create a substratum for mangrove seeds. The morphology and evolution of the eolian dunes is controlled by an abundance of xerophytic andhalophytic plants. Creepers, grasses and sedges stabilize sand dunes and uncompacted sediments. The Sunderbans mudflats (Banerjee, 1998) are found at the estuary and on the deltaic islands where low velocity of river and tidal current occurs. The flats are exposed in low tides and submerged in high tides, thus being changed morphologically even in one tidal cycle. The interior parts of the mudflats are magnificent home of luxuriant mangroves.

Sunrise of Sundarban

History

The history of the area can be traced back to 200–300 AD. A ruin of a city built by Chand Sadagar has been found in the Baghmara Forest Block. During the Mughal period, the Mughal Kings leased the forests of the Sundarbans to nearby residents. Many criminals took refuge in the Sundarbans from the advancing armies of Emperor Akbar. Many have been known to be attacked by Tigers^[3] Many of the buildings which were built by them later fell to hands of Portuguese pirates, salt smugglers and dacoits in the 17th century. Evidence of the fact can be traced from the ruins at Netidhopani and other places scattered all over Sundarbans.^[4] The legal status of the forests underwent a series of changes, including the distinction of being the first mangrove forest in the world to be brought under scientific management. The area was mapped first in Persian, by the Surveyor General as early as 1764 following soon after proprietary rights were confiscated from the Mughal Emperor Alamgir II by the British East India Company in 1757. As the British had no expertise or adaptation experience in mangrove forests. Systematic management of this forest tract started in the 1860s after the establishment of a Forest Department in the Province of Bengal, inBritish India. The management was entirely designed to extract whatever treasures were available, but labor and lower management mostly were staffed by locals^[5]

The first Forest Management Division to have jurisdiction over the Sundarbans was established in 1869. In 1875 a large portion of themangrove forests was declared as reserved forests in 1875–76 under the Forest Act, 1865 (Act VIII of 1865). The remaining portions of the forests were declared a reserve forest the following year and the forest, which was so far administered by the civil administration district, was placed under the control of the Forest Department. A Forest Division, which is the basic forest management and administration unit, was created in 1879 with the headquarter in Khulna, Bangladesh. The first management plan was written for the period 1893–98.^[6]^[7]

In 1911, it was described as a tract of waste country which had never been surveyed, nor had the census been extended to it. It then stretched for about 165 miles (266 km) from the mouth of the Hugli to the mouth of the Meghna river and was bordered inland by the three settled districts of the 24 Parganas, Khulna and Bakerganj. The total area (including water) was estimated at 6,526 square miles (16,902 km²). It was a water-logged jungle, in which tigers and other wild beasts abounded. Attempts at reclamation had not been very successful. The characteristic tree of the forest was the sundari (Heritiera littoralis), from which the name of the forest had probably been derived. It yields a hard wood, used for building houses and making boats, furniture, etc. The Sundarbans was everywhere intersected by river channels and creeks, some of which afforded water communication throughout the Bengal region both for steamers and for native boats.

Forest of Sundarban

Sonakhali ferry ghat

Forest of Sundarban

The Sundarbans flora is characterized by the abundance of Heritiera fomes, Excoecaria agallocha,Ceriops decandra and Sonneratia apetala. A total 245 genera and 334 plant species were recorded by David Prain in 1903.^[14] Since Prain’s report there have been considerable changes in the status of various mangrove species and taxonomic revision of the man-grove flora.^[15] However, very little exploration of the botanical nature of the Sundarbans has been made to keep up with these changes. Whilst most of the mangroves in other parts of the world are characterized by members of the Rhizophoraceae, Avicenneaceae or Laganculariaceae, the mangroves of Bangladesh are dominated by the Sterculiaceae and Euphorbiaceae.^[6]

Twenty-six of the fifty broad mangrove types found in the world grow well in the Sundarbans. The commonly identifiable vegetation that grow in the dense mangrove forests at the Sundarbans are salt water mixed forest, mangrove scrub, brackish water mixed forest, littoral forest, wet forest and wet alluvial grass forests. The Bangladesh mangrove vegetation of the Sundarbans differs greatly from other non-deltaic coastal mangrove forests and upland forests associations. Unlike the former, the Rhizophoraceae are of minor importance. Differences in vegetation have been explained in terms of freshwater and low salinity influences in the Northeast and variations in drainage and siltation. The Sundarbans has been classified as a moist tropical forest demonstrating a whole mosaic of seres, comprising primary colonization on new accretions to more mature beach forests, often conspicuously dominated by Keora (Sonneratia apetala) and tidal forests. Historically three principal vegetation types have been recognized in broad correlation with varying degrees of water salinity, freshwater flushing and physiography and which are represented in the wildlife sanctuaries:

Sundari and Gewa occur prominently throughout the area with discontinuous distribution of Dhundul (Xylocarpus granatum) and Kankra. Among grasses and Palms, Poresia coaractata, Myriostachya wightiana, Imperata cylindrica, Phragmites karka, Nypa fruticans are well distributed. Keora is an indicator species for newly accreted mudbanks and is an important species for wildlife, especially spotted deer (Axis axis). Besides the forest, there are extensive areas of brackish and freshwater marshes, intertidal mudflats, sandflats, sand dunes with typical dune vegetation, open grassland on sandy soils and raised areas supporting a variety of terrestrial shrubs and trees.

Succession is generally defined as the successive occupation of a site by different plant communities.^[16] In an accreting mudflats the outer community along the sequence represents the pioneer community which is gradually replaced by the next community representing the seral stages and finally by a climax community typical of the climatic zone.^[17] Troup suggested that succession began in the newly accreted land created by fresh deposits of eroded soil.^[18]

The pioneer vegetation on these newly accreted sites is Sonneratia, followed by Avicennia and Nypa. As the ground is elevated as a result of soil deposition, other trees make their appearance. The most prevalent, though one of the late species to appear, is Excoecaria. As the level of land rises through accretion and the land is only occasionally flooded by tides, Heritiera fomes begins to appear.

Tourist Boat in Jungle River

Forest of Sundarban

A Fishing Boat in the River of Jungle

Forest of Sundarban Side of River

Forest of Sundarban Two Side of River

Forest of Sundarban One Side of River

Forest of Sundarban Two Side of River

Forest of Sundarban Side of River

A Deer of open jungle Sundarban

Forest of Sundarban One Side of River

Forest of Sundarban One Side of River called Khari

Forest of Sundarban One Side of River Called Khari

Forest of Sundarban Two Side of River This is Called Khari

Forest of Sundarban Two Side of River

Forest of Sundarban Two Side of River This is Called Khari

Tourist Boat at the River under Sundarban Jungle

Many Tourist Boat at the River under Sundarban Jungle

A iceland of Sundarban Sajnekhali Forest Range

A Monkey with Child At Sajnekhali Iceland of Sundarban

Its A Museum Picture at Sajnekhali Iceland of Sundarban

The Tiger of Bengal The Royal Bengal Tiger

A Royal Bengal tiger in Sundarban

The Sundarbans provides a unique ecosystem and a rich wildlife habitat. According to the 2011 tiger census, the Sundarbans have about 270 tigers. Although previous rough estimates had suggested much higher figures close to 300, the 2011 census provided the first ever scientific estimate of tigers from the area^[19]^[20] Tiger attacks are frequent in the Sundarbans. Between 100 and 250 people are killed per year.

Chital deer are widely seen in southern parts of Sundarban

There is much more wildlife here than just the endangered Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris). Most importantly, mangroves are a transition from the marine to freshwater and terrestrial systems, and provide critical habitat for numerous species of small fish, crabs, fidler crabs, hermit crabs, shrimps and other crustaceans that adapt to feed and shelter, and reproduce among the tangled mass of roots, known as pneumatophores, which grow upward from the anaerobic mud to get the supply of oxygen. Fishing Cats, Macaques, wild boars, Common Grey Mongooses, Foxes, Jungle Cats, Flying Foxes, Pangolins, and spotted deer are also found in abundance in the Sundarbans.

A 1991 study has revealed that the Bangladeshi part of the Sundarbans supports diverse biological resources including at least 150 species of commercially important fishes, 270 species of birds, 42 species of mammals, 35 reptiles and 8 amphibian species. This represents a significant proportion of the species present in Bangladesh (i.e. about 30% of the reptiles, 37% the birds and 34% of the mammals) and includes a large number of species which are now extinct elsewhere in the country.^[21] Two amphibians, 14 reptiles, 25 aves and five mammals are presently endangered.^[22] The Sundarbans is an important wintering area for migrant water birds^[23]and is an area suitable for watching and studying avifauna.^[24]

The management of wildlife is presently restricted to, firstly, the protection of fauna from poaching, and, secondly, designation of some areas as wildlife sanctuaries where no extraction of forest produce is allowed and where the wildlife face few disturbances. Although the fauna of Bangladesh have diminished in recent times^[6] and the Sundarbans has not been spared from this decline, the mangrove forest retains several good wildlife habitats and their associated fauna. Of these, the tiger and dolphin are target species for planning wildlife management and tourism development. There are high profile and vulnerable mammals living in two contrasting environments, and their statuses and management are strong indicators of the general condition and management of wildlife. Some of the species are protected by legislation, notably by the Bangladesh Wildlife (Preservation) Order, 1973 (P.O. 23 of 1973).^[25]

Sundarban Forest

The Goddess of Sundarban Called Banbibi and Dakshinroy

Idol of Bonbibi

The Sunderbans is celebrated through numerous Bengali folk songs and dances, often centered around the folk heroes, gods and goddesses specific to the Sunderbans (like Bonbibi and Dakshin Rai) and to the Lower Gangetic Delta (like Manasa and Chand Sadagar). The Bengali folk epic Manasamangal mentions Netidhopani and has some passages set in the Sunderbans during the heroine Behula's quest to bring her husband Lakhindar back to life.

The area provides the setting for several novels by Emilio Salgari, (e.g. The Mystery of the Black Jungle).Sundarbaney Arjan Sardar, a novel by Shibshankar Mitra, and Padma Nadir Majhi, a novel by Manik Bandopadhyay, are based on the rigors of lives of villagers and fishermen living in the Sunderbans region, and are woven into the Bengali psyche to a great extent. Padma Nadir Majhi was also made into a movie by Goutam Ghose. Part of the plot of Salman Rushdie's Booker Prize winning novel, Midnight's Children is also set in the Sundarbans. This forest is adopted as the setting of Kunal Basu's short story "The Japanese Wife" and the subsequent film adaptation. Most of the plot of prize-winning anthropologist Amitav Ghosh's 2004 novel, The Hungry Tide, is set in the Sundarbans. The book mentions two accounts of the Banbibi story of "Dukhey's Redemption."^[30]

The Sunderbans has been the subject of numerous non-fiction books, including The Man-Eating Tigers of Sundarbans by Sy Montegomeryfor a young audience, which was shortlisted for the Dorothy Canfield Fisher Children's Book Award. In Up The Country, Emily Eden discusses her travels through the Sunderbans.^[31] Numerous documentary movies have been made about the Sunderbans, including the 2003 IMAXproduction Shining Bright about the Bengal Tiger. The acclaimed BBC TV series Ganges documents the lives of villagers, especially honey collectors, in the Sundarbans.

Forest of Mangrove

The Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of Bangladesh. It represents the brackish swamp forests that lie behind the Sundarbans Mangroves, where the salinity is more pronounced. The freshwater ecoregion is an area where the water is only slightly brackish and becomes quite fresh during the rainy season, when the freshwater plumes from the Ganges and the Brahmaputra rivers push the intruding salt water out and bring a deposit of silt. It covers an area of 14,600 square kilometers (5,600 sq mi) of the vast Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, extending from the northern part of Khulna District and finishing at the mouth of the Bay of Bengal with scattered portions extending into India's West Bengal state. The Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests lie between the upland Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests and the brackish-water Sundarbans mangroves bordering the Bay of Bengal.^[10]

A victim of large-scale clearing and settlement to support one of the densest human populations in Asia, this ecoregion is under a great threat of extinction. Hundreds of years of habitation and exploitation have exacted a heavy toll on this ecoregion's habitat and biodiversity. There are two protected areas — Narendrapur (110 km²) and Ata Danga Baor (20 km²) that cover a mere 130 km² of the ecoregion. Habitat loss in this ecoregion is so extensive, and the remaining habitat is so fragmented, that it is difficult to ascertain the composition of the original vegetation of this ecoregion. According to Champion and Seth (1968), the freshwater swamp forests are characterized by Heritiera minor,Xylocarpus molluccensis, Bruguiera conjugata, Sonneratia apetala, Avicennia officinalis, and Sonneratia caseolaris, with Pandanus tectorius,Hibiscus tiliaceus, and Nipa fruticans along the fringing banks.^[10]

The Sundarbans Mangroves ecoregion on the coast forms the seaward fringe of the delta and is the world's largest mangrove ecosystem, with 20,400 square kilometers (7,900 sq mi) of area covered. The dominant mangrove species Heritiera fomes is locally known as sundri or sundari, after which the Sundarbans is thought to be named. Mangrove forests are not home to a great variety of plants. They have a thick canopy, and the undergrowth is mostly seedlings of the mangrove trees. Besides the sundari, other species that make up the forest includeAvicennia spp., Xylocarpus mekongensis, Xylocarpus granatum, Sonneratia apetala, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Cereops decandra, Aegiceras corniculatum, Rhizophora mucronata, and Nypa fruticans palms.^[11]

The Tree Named Kankra

The Tree Named Garjan

The Tree Named Sundari

The Tree Named Kripa

An Iceland of Sundarban Sudhanyakhali

Sonakhali Ferryghat

A FAMOUS BENGALI CHARACTER THE TIGER OF BENGAL REMEMBER THIS PERSON

2012-01-05T08:57:00.000-08:00

For the writer, see Ashutosh Mukherjee (writer).

Ashutosh Mukherjee
Born	29 June 1864 Kolkata, British India
Died	May 25, 1924 (aged 59) Patna,British India
Occupation	educator and the first Indian Vice Chancellor of the University of Calcutta
Nationality	Indian
Ethnicity	Bengali
Alma mater	University of Calcutta
Genres	academic, educator
Literary movement	Bengal Renaissance
Notable award(s)	Order of the Indian Empire
Children	Syama Prasad Mookerjee

Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee, CIE (Bengali: আশুতোষ মুখোপাধ্যায়) (1864–1924) was a prolific Bengalieducator and the first Indian Vice Chancellor of the University of Calcutta from 1906 to 1924. Perhaps the most emphatic figure of Indian education, he was a man of great personality, high self-respect, courage and towering administrative ability. He became the first student to be awarded a dual degree (MA in Mathematics and Physics) from Calcutta University and received the prestigious Premchand-Roychand scholarship.

Mukherjee was responsible for the foundation of the Bengal Technical Institute in 1906 and the Calcutta University, College of Science in 1914. The Calcutta Mathematical Society was also founded by Sir Ashutosh Mookerjee in 1908 and he served as the founder president of the Society during 1908 to 1923.^[1]^[2] He was the first president of the inaugural session of the Indian Science Congress in 1914. Ashutosh Mukherjee was knighted in 1911. For his intransigence attitude with British Govt., high self-respect, courage and academic integrity he was known as the "Tiger of Bengal". He was the father of famous Syama Prasad Mookerjee the founder ofBharatiya Jana Sangh.

Early life

Ashutosh Mukherjee's father was the well known doctor Ganga Prasad Mookerjee, who was also the founder of South Suburban School in Calcutta. He was born on June 29, 1864 at Bowbazar, Kolkata and showed an early aptitude for mathematics. Brought up in an atmosphere of science & literature at home, young Asutosh went to the Sisu Vidyalaya at Chakraberia, Bhowanipore. When he was young, he met Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. These meetings were a source of major inspiration. In 1879 when he was just fifteen, he passed the entrance exam of the Calcutta university. He stood third and received a first grade scholarship. In the year 1880, he took admission in the premiere College of Kolkata, Presidency College. Luminaries like P.C. Ray, Narendranath Dutta (later Swami Vivekananda) were his classmates. In 1885, he completed his M.A. degree with major in Mathematics. In 1886, he did his masters in physical science. In the same year he married to Jogomaya Devi. In 1883 he came first in the BA examination at Calcutta University and was awarded the Premchand-Roychand scholarship to complete a postgraduate degree in mathematics. Two years later he also acquired an MA in physics, making him the first student to be awarded a dual degree from Calcutta University. However, he turned down an offer of a job in the Department of Public Instruction in favour of completing his Bachelor of Law degree. Nevertheless, he continued to publish scholarly papers on issues in mathematics and physics. At the age of 24, Ashutosh Mukherjee became a Fellow of the Calcutta University and soon transformed it from an examining body into a great teaching and research centre in Indian subcontinent. He was Vice-Chancellor from 1906 to 1914 and again from 1921 to 1923 but dominated the University affairs throughout his life. He has an eye for talent and among his "discoveries" were Dr. C.V. Raman and Dr. S. Radhakrishnan.

He defied the request of Lord Curzon, then Viceroy of India, on the strength of his fathomless devotion for his mother. Lord Curzon made a request to Sir Ashutosh to pay a visit to England so that the Britons could see a glimpses of the scholars produced by British education in India. As his mother would not allow her son to cross the seas, Ashutosh had to decline the request of the Governor-General of India. At this Lord Curzon wrote: "Tell your mother the Viceroy and Governor-General of India commands her son to go." Asutosh didnt show slightest trace of fear. He replied: "Then I will tell the Viceroy and Governor General of India that Ashutosh Mukherji refuses to be commanded by any other person except his mother, be he Viceroy or be he somebody higher still."

The French scholar Sylvain Lévi once commented :

“

Had this Bengal Tiger been born in France, he would have exceeded even Georges Clemenceau, the French Tiger. Ashutosh had no peer in the whole of Europe.

”

Career in law

Mukherjee dabbled in politics while practicing law, but gave it up when he was appointed as a judge of the Bengal High Court in 1904. He approached different people to raise funds for the establishment of the Calcutta University College of Science, which became the foremost institute of scientific education and research in the country. In 1906 he was appointed Vice Chancellor of Calcutta University. He died in 1924 near Patna high court, after being defeated by the Shia Bihari Barrister Syed Hasan Imam, one time president of the Congress party and descendent of the private tutor of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.

Contribution to education

Ashutosh Mookerjee had a vision of the kind of education he wanted young people to have, and he had the acumen and courage to extract it from his colonial masters. He set up several new academic graduate programs: comparative literature, anthropology, applied psychology, industrial chemistry, ancient Indian history and culture as well as Islamic culture. He also made arrangements for postgraduate teaching and research in Bengali, Hindi, Pali and Sanskrit. The diverse range of subjects offered by Calcutta University is largely a result of his labor. Scholars from all over India, irrespective of race, caste, and gender, came to study and teach there. He even persuaded European scholars to teach at his university. He was one of the first persons to recognize the worth of Srinivasa Ramanujan.

Lord Curzon's education mission in 1902 identified the universities, and Calcutta University especially, as centres of sedition where young people formed networks of resistance to colonial domination.^[3] The cause of this was thought to be the unwise granting of autonomy to these universities in the nineteenth century. Thus in the period 1905 to 1935 the colonial administration tried to reinstate government control of education. In 1923, when Lord Lytton tried to impose conditions on his reappointment as Vice Chancellor, Mookerji indignantly refused the post. For his intransigence and academic integrity he was known as the Tiger of Bengal. For his contribution to education, the Govt. of India issued a stamp on him in 1964.

Other positions held

Mukherjee was a member of the 1917-1919 Sadler Commission, presided over by Michael Ernest Sadler, which inquired into the state of Indian education. He was three times president of the Asiatic Society,and in 1910 of the Imperial (now National) Library Council. He donated his entire personal collection of 80,000 books to the Library and it is arranged in a separate section. He was the president of the inaugural session of the Indian Science Congress in 1914. He was learned in Pali, French and Russian, and was awarded the titles of Saraswati and Shastravachaspati by the pandits of Bengal for his service to Indian education. Mukherjee was knighted in 1911.

The epitaph beneath his marble bust at the Ashutosh Museum of Arts at the University of Calcutta reads:

“

His noblest achievement, surest of them all/ A place for his mother tongue --- in step mother's hall.

”

VARIOUS BEAUTIFUL BIRDS IN THE WORLD.

2012-01-05T08:44:00.000-08:00

BEST WISHES FOR NEW YEAR

2012-01-01T00:53:00.000-08:00

Ashutosh

2011-12-31T02:29:00.000-08:00

Create a MySpace Playlist at MixPod.com

Create a MySpace Music Playlist at MixPod.com

Picasa Web Album

2011-12-29T09:51:00.002-08:00

2011-12-29T09:44:00.001-08:00

AMUKHERJEE

Listen to Free Music

2011-12-29T09:33:00.001-08:00

Bakkhali

2011-12-18T08:33:00.001-08:00

Made Each For Other.

2011-11-17T11:40:00.000-08:00