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                    <title>World History Encyclopedia</title>
                    <link>https://www.worldhistory.org</link>
                    <description>The free online history encyclopedia with fact-checked articles, images, videos, maps, timelines and more; operated as a non-profit organization.</description>
                    <lastBuildDate>Fri, 06 Nov 2026 17:00:15 +0000</lastBuildDate>
                    <language>en</language>
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                        <title>World History Encyclopedia</title>
                        <link>https://www.worldhistory.org</link>
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                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[F. Buchanan's Account of the Battle of Hampton Roads: Excerpts From the Official Action Report]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3019/f-buchanans-account-of-the-battle-of-hampton-roads/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3019/f-buchanans-account-of-the-battle-of-hampton-roads/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3019-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-3019</guid>
                        <pubDate>Fri, 06 Nov 2026 17:00:15 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Joshua J. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22317.jpeg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Captain Franklin Buchanan]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Mathew Brady (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[Confederate Flag Officer Franklin Buchanan (1800 to 1874) is best known as the commander of the CSS Virginia on the first day of the Battle of Hampton Roads (8-9 March 1862) and the commander of the fleet (as full admiral) at the Battle of Mobile Bay (5 August 1864), facing Union Rear Admiral David G. Farragut.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[Confederate Flag Officer Franklin Buchanan (1800 to 1874) is best known as the commander of the CSS Virginia on the first day of the Battle of Hampton Roads (8-9 March...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[Confederate Flag Officer Franklin Buchanan (1800 to 1874) is best known as the commander of the CSS Virginia on the first day of the Battle of Hampton Roads (8-9 March 1862) and the commander of the fleet (as full admiral) at the Battle of Mobile Bay (5... https://whe.to/ci/2-3019-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[Confederate Flag Officer Franklin Buchanan (1800 to 1874) is best known as the commander of the CSS Virginia on the first day of the Battle of Hampton Roads (8-9 March 1862) and the commander of the fleet (as full admiral) at the Battle of Mobile Bay (5 August 1864), facing Union Rear Admiral David G. Farragut.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22317.jpeg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22317.jpeg?v=1793370486-1793876047-cxv2angs]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#AmericanCivilWar #FranklinBuchanan #NavalHistory #USHistory]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#AmericanCivilWar,#FranklinBuchanan,#NavalHistory,#USHistory]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[WarfareBattles]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[PrimarySources]]></section>
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                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3019-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[f-buchanans-account-of-the-battle-of-hampton-roads]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Battle of Hampton Roads: Clash of the Ironclads]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3023/battle-of-hampton-roads/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3023/battle-of-hampton-roads/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3023-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-3023</guid>
                        <pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2026 17:00:19 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Joshua J. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22306.jpeg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Battle of Hampton Roads]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Kurz & Allison (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[The Battle of Hampton Roads (8-9 March 1862), also known as the Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimack, Battle of Ironclads, or Clash of the Ironclads, was a naval engagement at the roadstead of Hampton Roads, Virginia, during the American Civil War, during which the USS Monitor met the CSS Virginia (built from the remains of the USS Merrimack) in the world's first battle of ironclad warships.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[The Battle of Hampton Roads (8-9 March 1862), also known as the Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimack, Battle of Ironclads, or Clash of the Ironclads, was a naval...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[The Battle of Hampton Roads (8-9 March 1862), also known as the Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimack, Battle of Ironclads, or Clash of the Ironclads, was a naval engagement at the roadstead of Hampton Roads, Virginia, during the American Civil War, during... https://whe.to/ci/2-3023-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[The Battle of Hampton Roads (8-9 March 1862), also known as the Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimack, Battle of Ironclads, or Clash of the Ironclads, was a naval engagement at the roadstead of Hampton Roads, Virginia, during the American Civil War, during which the USS Monitor met the CSS Virginia (built from the remains of the USS Merrimack) in the world's first battle of ironclad warships.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22306.jpeg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22306.jpeg?v=1793284189-1793875818-go26rc6v]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#AmericanCivilWar #CSSVirginia #NavalHistory #USHistory #USSMonitor]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#AmericanCivilWar,#CSSVirginia,#NavalHistory,#USHistory,#USSMonitor]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[WarfareBattles]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Article]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3023-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[battle-of-hampton-roads]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[The USSR's Great Famine of 1932-3]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3021/the-ussrs-great-famine-of-1932-3/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3021/the-ussrs-great-famine-of-1932-3/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3021-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-3021</guid>
                        <pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2026 09:57:33 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Mark Cartwright]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22323.png">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[15th Anniversary of Holodomor Postcard]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Ukrainian Youth Association (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[The USSR's Great Famine of 1932-3 was caused by a combination of aggressive requisitioning of foodstuffs by the state, the sale of grain abroad, persecution of farmers, and the general mismanagement of the countryside following Joseph Stalin's collectivisation of agriculture from 1929.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[The USSR's Great Famine of 1932-3 was caused by a combination of aggressive requisitioning of foodstuffs by the...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[The USSR's Great Famine of 1932-3 was caused by a combination of aggressive requisitioning of foodstuffs by the state, the sale of grain abroad, persecution of farmers, and the general mismanagement of the countryside following Joseph Stalin's collectivisation... https://whe.to/ci/2-3021-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[The USSR's Great Famine of 1932-3 was caused by a combination of aggressive requisitioning of foodstuffs by the state, the sale of grain abroad, persecution of farmers, and the general mismanagement of the countryside following Joseph Stalin's collectivisation of agriculture from 1929. Historians continue to debate whether the famine, especially in Ukraine, was entirely engineered or merely exacerbated by Stalin's brutal policies of repression and the general economic incompetence of the Soviet state. Over nine million people died as a direct result of the famine, which in some regions lasted until 1934.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22323.png]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22323.png?v=1793715200-1793785122-ipupu16m]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#Agriculture #Collectivisation #Famine #Holodomor #JosephStalin #SovietUkraine #SovietUnion #Stalinism #Ukraine #USSR]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#Agriculture,#Collectivisation,#Famine,#Holodomor,#JosephStalin,#SovietUkraine,#SovietUnion,#Stalinism,#Ukraine,#USSR]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[NorthernEurope]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[StatesCultures,DailyLife]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[NotforAllAudiences]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Article]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3021-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[the-ussrs-great-famine-of-1932-3]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Federalist No. 10: James Madison's Antidote to the Dangers of Factionalism]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3012/federalist-no-10/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3012/federalist-no-10/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3012-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-3012</guid>
                        <pubDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2026 16:56:44 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Harrison W. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/19050.png">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Portrait of James Madison, 1783]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Charles Willson Peale (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[Federalist No.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[Federalist No.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[Federalist No. https://whe.to/ci/2-3012-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[Federalist No. 10 was an essay written by James Madison, under the pseudonym Publius, and originally published in the New York Daily Advisor on 22 November 1787. It was the tenth essay in the Federalist Papers, a collection of 85 essays written by Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay arguing in favor of the ratification of the United States Constitution.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/19050.png]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/19050.png?v=1736840944-1717569777-ssmopjmg]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#JamesMadison #FederalistPapers #PoliticalTheory #USConstitution #USHistory]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#JamesMadison,#FederalistPapers,#PoliticalTheory,#USConstitution,#USHistory]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[StatesCultures]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[EarlyModern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[PrimarySources]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Article]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3012-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[federalist-no-10]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Stalin's Collectivisation of Agriculture]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3018/stalins-collectivisation-of-agriculture/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3018/stalins-collectivisation-of-agriculture/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3018-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-3018</guid>
                        <pubDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2026 10:02:35 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Mark Cartwright]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22312.png">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Soviet Collectivisation Propaganda Poster]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Unknown Artist (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[Joseph Stalin's policy to collect private farms into cooperatives and wholly state-owned farms across the USSR began in 1928.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[Joseph Stalin's policy to collect private farms into cooperatives and wholly state-owned farms across the USSR began in 1928.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[Joseph Stalin's policy to collect private farms into cooperatives and wholly state-owned farms across the USSR began in 1928. https://whe.to/ci/2-3018-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[Joseph Stalin's policy to collect private farms into cooperatives and wholly state-owned farms across the USSR began in 1928. Stalin hoped the process of collectivisation would modernise Soviet agriculture, provide a surplus of foodstuffs that could fuel the industrialisation of towns and cities, and greatly increase state control in the countryside where the Communist Party had hitherto struggled to exert its authority. One of the largest experiments in social engineering ever undertaken, collectivisation did achieve some of Stalin's aims but also resulted in massive inefficiencies and widespread opposition, which in turn led to famines, brutal state oppression – particularly against wealthier farmers, and the deaths of from 5 to 8 million civilians.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22312.png]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22312.png?v=1793743470-1793743626-dbu8h5p2]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#Agriculture #CollectiveFarms #Collectivisation #Farming #JosephStalin #SovietUnion #Stalinism #USSR]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#Agriculture,#CollectiveFarms,#Collectivisation,#Farming,#JosephStalin,#SovietUnion,#Stalinism,#USSR]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[NorthernEurope]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[StatesCultures]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
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                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3018-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[stalins-collectivisation-of-agriculture]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[James Longstreet's Account of the Battle of Gettysburg: Excerpts From the Official Action Report]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3013/james-longstreets-account-of-the-battle-of-gettysb/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3013/james-longstreets-account-of-the-battle-of-gettysb/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3013-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-3013</guid>
                        <pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2026 16:00:01 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Joshua J. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/19571.jpeg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Battle of Gettysburg]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Thule de Thulstrup / Adam Cuerden (CC BY)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[At the Battle of Gettysburg (1-3 July 1863) Confederate Lieutenant General James Longstreet urged his commanding officer, General Robert E. Lee, to reposition their forces on the evening of Day 1. Lee refused, as the Union Army was before him and he had never retreated from a battle once engaged.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[At the Battle of Gettysburg (1-3 July 1863) Confederate Lieutenant General James Longstreet urged his commanding officer, General Robert E. Lee, to reposition their forces...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[At the Battle of Gettysburg (1-3 July 1863) Confederate Lieutenant General James Longstreet urged his commanding officer, General Robert E. Lee, to reposition their forces on the evening of Day 1. Lee refused, as the Union Army was before him and he had... https://whe.to/ci/2-3013-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[At the Battle of Gettysburg (1-3 July 1863) Confederate Lieutenant General James Longstreet urged his commanding officer, General Robert E. Lee, to reposition their forces on the evening of Day 1. Lee refused, as the Union Army was before him and he had never retreated from a battle once engaged.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/19571.jpeg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/19571.jpeg?v=1729241394-1729241426-5krscm65]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#RobertE.Lee #JamesLongstreet #AmericanCivilWar #USHistory]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#RobertE.Lee,#JamesLongstreet,#AmericanCivilWar,#USHistory]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[WarfareBattles]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[PrimarySources]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Article]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3013-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[james-longstreets-account-of-the-battle-of-gettysb]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Gilgamesh and Huwawa: The Epic Battle of the Cedar Forest]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2132/gilgamesh-and-huwawa/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2132/gilgamesh-and-huwawa/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2132-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-2132</guid>
                        <pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2026 09:58:07 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Joshua J. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/8103.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Face of the Demon Humbaba]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin (Copyright)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[Gilgamesh and Huwawa is a Sumerian poem relating the expedition of Gilgamesh and Enkidu to the Cedar Forest and the slaying of the monster-demon Huwawa.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[Gilgamesh and Huwawa is a Sumerian poem relating the expedition of Gilgamesh and Enkidu to the Cedar Forest and the slaying of the monster-demon Huwawa.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[Gilgamesh and Huwawa is a Sumerian poem relating the expedition of Gilgamesh and Enkidu to the Cedar Forest and the slaying of the monster-demon Huwawa. https://whe.to/ci/2-2132-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[Gilgamesh and Huwawa is a Sumerian poem relating the expedition of Gilgamesh and Enkidu to the Cedar Forest and the slaying of the monster-demon Huwawa. The work predates and informs The Epic of Gilgamesh in which the death of the monster leads to Enkidu's own as his actions are condemned by the gods.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/8103.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/8103.jpg?v=1772565563-1729583148-mi1dapak]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#Sumerians #Sumer #Mesopotamia #Gilgamesh]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#Sumerians,#Sumer,#Mesopotamia,#Gilgamesh]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[MiddleEast]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[ReligionMythology,ArtArchitecture]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Ancient]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[PrimarySources]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Article]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2132-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[gilgamesh-and-huwawa]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Stalin's Five-Year Plans: Collectivising Agriculture & Industrialising the USSR]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3015/stalins-five-year-plans/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3015/stalins-five-year-plans/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3015-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-3015</guid>
                        <pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2026 17:03:06 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Mark Cartwright]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22299.png">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Soviet Propaganda Poster for the Five-Year Plan]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Yakov Guminer (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[Joseph Stalin's Five-Year Plans (1928-50) were a series of state-led initiatives which aimed to grow the economy of the USSR, rapidly industrialise what was still a largely agricultural state, and collectivise farms to both increase productivity and reduce anti-Communist elements in the countryside.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[Joseph Stalin's Five-Year Plans (1928-50) were a series of state-led initiatives which aimed to grow...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[Joseph Stalin's Five-Year Plans (1928-50) were a series of state-led initiatives which aimed to grow the economy of the USSR, rapidly industrialise what was still a largely agricultural state, and collectivise farms to both increase productivity and reduce... https://whe.to/ci/2-3015-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[Joseph Stalin's Five-Year Plans (1928-50) were a series of state-led initiatives which aimed to grow the economy of the USSR, rapidly industrialise what was still a largely agricultural state, and collectivise farms to both increase productivity and reduce anti-Communist elements in the countryside. Partially successful in their aims, although never achieving the ambitious targets they set, the four plans under Stalin did transform the USSR into a much more modern and powerful state. Negative consequences of the plans included the Great Famine of the early 1930s, which killed millions, the persecution of the wealthier landowning peasantry (kulaks), a persistently low quality of production, and huge amounts of wasted costs.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22299.png]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22299.png?v=1793175175-1793330240-vkd1v6ny]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#Agriculture #Collectivisation #Communism #Economics #Five-YearPlan #Industrialisation #JosephStalin #Kulaks #SovietUnion #USSR]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#Agriculture,#Collectivisation,#Communism,#Economics,#Five-YearPlan,#Industrialisation,#JosephStalin,#Kulaks,#SovietUnion,#USSR]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[NorthernEurope]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[StatesCultures]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Article]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3015-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[stalins-five-year-plans]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[AP World History Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization (c. 1750–1900)]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/collection/335/ap-world-history-unit-6/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/collection/335/ap-world-history-unit-6/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/9-335-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>9-335</guid>
                        <pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2026 10:00:02 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Jan van der Crabben]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/19247.png">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Map of the Scramble for Africa after the Berlin Conference]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Simeon Netchev (CC BY-NC-ND)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[With industrialization, a small number of states gained the ability to project power across the globe.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[With...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[With industrialization, a small number of states gained the ability to project power across the globe. https://whe.to/ci/9-335-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[With industrialization, a small number of states gained the ability to project power across the globe. Steamships, railroads, machine guns, and anti-malaria drugs allowed European powers, along with the United States and Japan, to seize territory in places they had previously traded with. Philosophers justified the land grab with ideas about civilization and racial hierarchy. By 1900, European powers controlled large parts of the globe, while colonized people resisted around the world as industrial economies reshaped societies.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/19247.png]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/19247.png?v=1793184211-1760682525-m6r5vqwx]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#ZuluKingdom #TheGreatGame #SepoyMutiny #ScrambleForAfrica #MeijiRestoration #MeijiPeriod #MahdistWar #IndigoRevolt #GhostDance #GermanEastAfrica #FashodaIncident #EastIndiaCompany #BoerWar #BelgianCongo #Anglo-MysoreWars #BoerWars #Diamond #Diamonds #Fashoda #FashodaCrisis]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#ZuluKingdom,#TheGreatGame,#SepoyMutiny,#ScrambleForAfrica,#MeijiRestoration,#MeijiPeriod,#MahdistWar,#IndigoRevolt,#GhostDance,#GermanEastAfrica,#FashodaIncident,#EastIndiaCompany,#BoerWar,#BelgianCongo,#Anglo-MysoreWars,#BoerWars,#Diamond,#Diamonds,#Fashoda,#FashodaCrisis]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[StatesCultures]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[Education]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Curriculum Collection]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/9-335-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[ap-world-history-unit-6]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld: Messages From the Afterlife]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2128/gilgamesh-enkidu-and-the-netherworld/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2128/gilgamesh-enkidu-and-the-netherworld/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2128-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-2128</guid>
                        <pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2026 10:00:02 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Joshua J. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/10763.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Gilgamesh Wrestling Two Bulls]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin (Copyright)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld is a Sumerian poem pre-dating The Epic of Gilgamesh and featuring its central characters.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld is a Sumerian poem pre-dating The Epic of Gilgamesh and featuring its central characters.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld is a Sumerian poem pre-dating The Epic of Gilgamesh and featuring its central characters. https://whe.to/ci/2-2128-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld is a Sumerian poem pre-dating The Epic of Gilgamesh and featuring its central characters. It is sometimes included in modern-day translations as Book 12 but is usually omitted as it does not fit the narrative form of the epic's storyline. It is famous for its depiction of souls in the afterlife.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/10763.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/10763.jpg?v=1793612006-1793612006-tdf5cdc4]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#Sumer #Gilgamesh #Afterlife #Enkidu]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#Sumer,#Gilgamesh,#Afterlife,#Enkidu]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[MiddleEast]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[StatesCultures,ReligionMythology,DailyLife,ArtArchitecture]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Ancient]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[PrimarySources]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Article]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2128-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[gilgamesh-enkidu-and-the-netherworld]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Army of Northern Virginia: General Lee's Army]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Army_of_Northern_Virginia/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Army_of_Northern_Virginia/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-24820-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>1-24820</guid>
                        <pubDate>Thu, 29 Oct 2026 17:00:02 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Harrison W. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22305.png">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Battleflag of the Army of Northern Virginia]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Marcus365 (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[The Army of Northern Virginia was the main field army of the Confederate States in the eastern theater of the American Civil War (1861-1865).]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[The Army of Northern Virginia was the main field army of the Confederate States in the eastern theater of the American Civil War (1861-1865...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[The Army of Northern Virginia was the main field army of the Confederate States in the eastern theater of the American Civil War (1861-1865). https://whe.to/ci/1-24820-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[The Army of Northern Virginia was the main field army of the Confederate States in the eastern theater of the American Civil War (1861-1865). Famously led by General Robert E. Lee for most of its existence, the army numbered 90,000 men at its peak in 1862 and fought in some of the bloodiest, most important battles of the war, including the climactic Battle of Gettysburg (1-3 July 1863).]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22305.png]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22305.png?v=1794097036-1793181116-ogcb1z8u]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#StonewallJackson #RobertE.Lee #OverlandCampaign #AmericanCivilWar #MilitaryHistory #USHistory]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#StonewallJackson,#RobertE.Lee,#OverlandCampaign,#AmericanCivilWar,#MilitaryHistory,#USHistory]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[WarfareBattles]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Definition]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-24820-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[army-of-northern-virginia]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor: The Great Matchmaker]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-29172-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>1-29172</guid>
                        <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2026 10:00:01 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Ambika Natarajan]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22294.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I von Habsburg (detail)]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Unknown Artist (CC BY-NC-SA)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1459-1519), belonged to the imperial House of Habsburg, and the imperial electors made him King of the Romans in 1486 during his father's lifetime, thus establishing him as his successor.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1459-1519), belonged to the imperial House of Habsburg, and the imperial electors made him King of the Romans in 1486...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1459-1519), belonged to the imperial House of Habsburg, and the imperial electors made him King of the Romans in 1486 during his father's lifetime, thus establishing him as his successor. https://whe.to/ci/1-29172-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1459-1519), belonged to the imperial House of Habsburg, and the imperial electors made him King of the Romans in 1486 during his father's lifetime, thus establishing him as his successor. He jointly ruled with his father until the latter's death in 1493, then steadily gained power until he was appointed Holy Roman Emperor in 1508. A unique emperor, Maximilian was quite clever about how he managed diplomacy and war with other European rulers of the time. He is particularly known for his strategic expansion of the House of Habsburg through important dynastic marriages and inspired the famous maxim, "Let others wage war; you, O happy Austria, marry."]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22294.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22294.jpg?v=1793604470-1793604490-8googbpw]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#HolyRomanEmpire #Habsburg #HabsburgEmpire #HolyRomanEmperor #HouseOfHabsburg]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#HolyRomanEmpire,#Habsburg,#HabsburgEmpire,#HolyRomanEmperor,#HouseOfHabsburg]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[NorthernEurope]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[IndividualPeople]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[EarlyModern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Definition]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-29172-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[maximilian-i-holy-roman-emperor]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[James Longstreet: Civil War Hero and Lost Cause Villain]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/James_Longstreet/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/James_Longstreet/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-25606-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>1-25606</guid>
                        <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2026 17:00:13 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Joshua J. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/21358.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[James Longstreet]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[S. T. Blessing (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[James Longstreet (1821-1904) was a Confederate general in the American Civil War, serving chiefly under Robert E. Lee in the Eastern theater.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[James Longstreet (1821-1904) was a Confederate general in the American Civil War, serving chiefly under Robert E. Lee in the Eastern theater.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[James Longstreet (1821-1904) was a Confederate general in the American Civil War, serving chiefly under Robert E. Lee in the Eastern theater. https://whe.to/ci/1-25606-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[James Longstreet (1821-1904) was a Confederate general in the American Civil War, serving chiefly under Robert E. Lee in the Eastern theater. He was regarded as one of the most effective commanders in the Confederate Army, was severely wounded by friendly fire in 1864, but returned to active duty and was present when Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in April 1865.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/21358.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/21358.jpg?v=1763585992-1763962843-fpxv2zam]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#UlyssesS.Grant #JamesLongstreet #AmericanCivilWar #USHistory]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#UlyssesS.Grant,#JamesLongstreet,#AmericanCivilWar,#USHistory]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[IndividualPeople,WarfareBattles]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Definition]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-25606-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[james-longstreet]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[First 16 US Presidents: From Washington to Lincoln]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/collection/331/first-16-us-presidents/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/collection/331/first-16-us-presidents/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/9-331-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>9-331</guid>
                        <pubDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2026 17:00:01 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Harrison W. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/19336.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[George Washington]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Gilbert Stuart (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[Since the founding of the United States, the office of the presidency – and the men who have occupied it – have had a profound impact on the hearts, minds, and fortunes of American citizens.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[Since the founding of the United States, the office of the presidency – and the men who have occupied it – have had a profound impact on the hearts, minds, and fortunes of...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[Since the founding of the United States, the office of the presidency – and the men who have occupied it – have had a profound impact on the hearts, minds, and fortunes of American citizens. https://whe.to/ci/9-331-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[Since the founding of the United States, the office of the presidency – and the men who have occupied it – have had a profound impact on the hearts, minds, and fortunes of American citizens. When George Washington was inaugurated as the first president in 1789, no one knew what kind of position it would be – would it be a powerful, king-like executive (as Alexander Hamilton wanted) or would its powers be limited, subservient to Congress (as Thomas Jefferson desired)?]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/19336.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/19336.jpg?v=1793047817-1723198145-uiucx438]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#PoliticalHistory #UnitedStates #USHistory #USPresidents]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#PoliticalHistory,#UnitedStates,#USHistory,#USPresidents]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[StatesCultures,IndividualPeople]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[EarlyModern,Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Collection]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/9-331-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[first-16-us-presidents]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Seven Years' War: The 18th-Century World War]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Seven_Years'_War/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Seven_Years'_War/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-19622-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>1-19622</guid>
                        <pubDate>Fri, 23 Oct 2026 16:00:07 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Harrison W. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22250.png">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Map of the Seven Years' War in Europe, 1756-1763]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Simeon Netchev (CC BY-NC-ND)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[The Seven Years' War (1756-1763) was a global conflict fought between the great powers of Europe in the mid-18th century.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[The Seven Years' War (1756-1763) was a global conflict fought between the great powers of Europe in the mid-18th century.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[The Seven Years' War (1756-1763) was a global conflict fought between the great powers of Europe in the mid-18th century. https://whe.to/ci/1-19622-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[The Seven Years' War (1756-1763) was a global conflict fought between the great powers of Europe in the mid-18th century. The culmination of several decades of conflict, it was caused both by colonial rivalries abroad as well as territorial disputes within Europe itself. It pitted Great Britain, Prussia, Hanover, and their allies against a coalition that included France, Austria, and Russia, among others.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22250.png]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22250.png?v=1793047822-1792138702-7fahsood]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#SevenYears'War #FrederickTheGreat #EuropeanHistory #KingdomOfPrussia #ThirdCarnaticWar]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#SevenYears'War,#FrederickTheGreat,#EuropeanHistory,#KingdomOfPrussia,#ThirdCarnaticWar]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[WarfareBattles]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[EarlyModern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Definition]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-19622-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[seven-years-war]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Top 10 Roman Sites in Bulgaria]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3005/top-10-roman-sites-in-bulgaria/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3005/top-10-roman-sites-in-bulgaria/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3005-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-3005</guid>
                        <pubDate>Fri, 23 Oct 2026 09:00:02 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Carole Raddato]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22169.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Bull's Head Architectural Decoration from Ulpia Oescus]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Carole Raddato (CC BY-SA)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[Roman Bulgaria occupied an important position in the heart of the Balkans, between the Black Sea, the Aegean, and Asia Minor.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[Roman Bulgaria occupied an important position in the heart of the Balkans, between the Black Sea, the Aegean, and Asia Minor.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[Roman Bulgaria occupied an important position in the heart of the Balkans, between the Black Sea, the Aegean, and Asia Minor. https://whe.to/ci/2-3005-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[Roman Bulgaria occupied an important position in the heart of the Balkans, between the Black Sea, the Aegean, and Asia Minor. In the north, the Danube River formed a heavily defended military frontier, lined with auxiliary camps and fortresses. Further south were the cities of Thrace, while older Greek settlements spread along the Black Sea coast. The Roman remains preserved in Bulgaria today are remarkably varied and include theatres, stadiums, baths, fortifications, early Christian churches and some exceptional mosaic floors.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22169.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22169.jpg?v=1793047826-1791615112-es6ezcy6]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#RomanEmpire #ByzantineEmpire #Bulgaria #Thrace]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#RomanEmpire,#ByzantineEmpire,#Bulgaria,#Thrace]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[NorthernEurope,Mediterranean]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[StatesCultures,Places,ArtArchitecture]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Ancient]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Article]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3005-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[top-10-roman-sites-in-bulgaria]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Millard Fillmore: The Forgotten US President]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Millard_Fillmore/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Millard_Fillmore/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-29095-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>1-29095</guid>
                        <pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2026 16:00:09 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Harrison W. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22266.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[President Millard Fillmore]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Mathew Brady (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
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                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[Millard Fillmore (1800-1874) was the thirteenth president of the United States.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[Millard Fillmore (1800-1874) was the thirteenth president of the United States.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[Millard Fillmore (1800-1874) was the thirteenth president of the United States. https://whe.to/ci/1-29095-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[Millard Fillmore (1800-1874) was the thirteenth president of the United States. A member of the Whig Party, he was elected vice president in 1849 and assumed the presidency the following year after the death of his predecessor, Zachary Taylor. Fillmore is primarily remembered for presiding over the Compromise of 1850, which postponed the outbreak of the American Civil War for a decade, as well as for sending out the Perry Expedition, which opened isolationist Japan to the West. Although he served during a pivotal moment in US history, Fillmore is often regarded as a weak president and is barely remembered today at all by most Americans.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22266.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22266.jpg?v=1793047831-1792611618-rmuvip8m]]></imageUncropped>
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                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#MillardFillmore #CompromiseOf1850 #AmericanCivilWar #Slavery #USHistory]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#MillardFillmore,#CompromiseOf1850,#AmericanCivilWar,#Slavery,#USHistory]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[IndividualPeople]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
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                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-29095-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[millard-fillmore]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[The Eternal Life of Gilgamesh: Literary Immortality]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/192/the-eternal-life-of-gilgamesh/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/192/the-eternal-life-of-gilgamesh/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-192-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-192</guid>
                        <pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2026 09:00:01 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Joshua J. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/20646.png">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[The Epic of Gilgamesh in 12 Pictures]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Simeon Netchev (CC BY-NC-ND)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[The Epic of Gilgamesh is among the most popular works of literature in the present day and has influenced countless readers, but for the greater part of its history, it was lost.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[The Epic of Gilgamesh is among the most popular works of literature in the present day and has influenced countless readers, but for the greater part of its history, it was...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[The Epic of Gilgamesh is among the most popular works of literature in the present day and has influenced countless readers, but for the greater part of its history, it was lost. https://whe.to/ci/2-192-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[The Epic of Gilgamesh is among the most popular works of literature in the present day and has influenced countless readers, but for the greater part of its history, it was lost. The Assyrian Empire fell to a coalition of Babylonians and Medes in 612 BCE, who sacked and burned the Assyrian cities and, among them, Nineveh.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/20646.png]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/20646.png?v=1793047866-1770013955-iad5t4qt]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#Writing #Ur #Sumer #Mesopotamia #Literature #Gilgamesh]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#Writing,#Ur,#Sumer,#Mesopotamia,#Literature,#Gilgamesh]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[MiddleEast]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[ReligionMythology,ArtArchitecture]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Ancient]]></periods>
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                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-192-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[the-eternal-life-of-gilgamesh]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[The Ideal of Christendom in the Middle Ages & Beyond]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3011/the-ideal-of-christendom-in-the-middle-ages--beyon/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/3011/the-ideal-of-christendom-in-the-middle-ages--beyon/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3011-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-3011</guid>
                        <pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2026 09:00:01 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Rebecca Denova]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/14188.png">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Doctrine of the Two Swords from the Sachsenspiegel]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Eike von Repgow (CC BY-NC-SA)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[The ideal of Christendom in antiquity joined separate nations into one single community carrying out the precepts of the God of Israel.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[The ideal of Christendom in antiquity joined separate nations into one single community carrying out the precepts of the God of Israel.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[The ideal of Christendom in antiquity joined separate nations into one single community carrying out the precepts of the God of Israel. https://whe.to/ci/2-3011-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[The ideal of Christendom in antiquity joined separate nations into one single community carrying out the precepts of the God of Israel. Constantine's conversion to Christianity resulted in the merging of state and church, with a creed of what all Christians should believe and practice. As Roman emperor, Constantine had the authority to enforce both religious and secular laws.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/14188.png]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/14188.png?v=1793290513-n3khuros]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#ThomasBecket #MedievalChurch #HenryIIOfEngland #Christianity #BlackDeath #Protestantism]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#ThomasBecket,#MedievalChurch,#HenryIIOfEngland,#Christianity,#BlackDeath,#Protestantism]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[NorthernEurope]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[ReligionMythology]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Medieval,EarlyModern]]></periods>
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                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-3011-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[the-ideal-of-christendom-in-the-middle-ages--beyon]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Gilgamesh: The Historical and Mythical King]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/gilgamesh/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/gilgamesh/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-781-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>1-781</guid>
                        <pubDate>Tue, 20 Oct 2026 09:00:02 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Joshua J. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/2570.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Hero Overpowering a Lion]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Thierry Ollivier (Copyright)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[Gilgamesh is the semi-mythic King of Uruk, best known as the hero of The Epic of Gilgamesh (circa 2100 to circa 1200 BCE), the great Babylonian poem that predates Homer's Iliad and Odyssey by 1500 years and, therefore, stands as the oldest piece of epic world literature.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[Gilgamesh is the semi-mythic King of Uruk, best known as the hero of The Epic of Gilgamesh (circa 2100 to circa 1200 BCE), the great Babylonian poem that predates...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[Gilgamesh is the semi-mythic King of Uruk, best known as the hero of The Epic of Gilgamesh (circa 2100 to circa 1200 BCE), the great Babylonian poem that predates Homer's Iliad and Odyssey by 1500 years and, therefore, stands as the oldest piece of epic... https://whe.to/ci/1-781-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[Gilgamesh is the semi-mythic King of Uruk, best known as the hero of The Epic of Gilgamesh (circa 2100 to circa 1200 BCE), the great Babylonian poem that predates Homer's Iliad and Odyssey by 1500 years and, therefore, stands as the oldest piece of epic world literature. Gilgamesh features in several Sumerian poems but is world famous from the Mesopotamian epic.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/2570.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/2570.jpg?v=1792550361-1727079903-rquvayao]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#Writing #Wall #Uruk #Tomb #MountArarat #Ishtar #Inanna #Gilgamesh]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#Writing,#Wall,#Uruk,#Tomb,#MountArarat,#Ishtar,#Inanna,#Gilgamesh]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[MiddleEast]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[ReligionMythology,ArtArchitecture]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Ancient]]></periods>
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                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-781-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[gilgamesh]]></slug>
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