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                    <title>World History Encyclopedia</title>
                    <link>https://www.worldhistory.org</link>
                    <description>The free online history encyclopedia with fact-checked articles, images, videos, maps, timelines and more; operated as a non-profit organization.</description>
                    <lastBuildDate>Fri, 25 Sep 2026 09:54:27 +0000</lastBuildDate>
                    <language>en</language>
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                        <url>https://www.worldhistory.org/template/images/header/whe-logo-318x77px.png</url>
                        <title>World History Encyclopedia</title>
                        <link>https://www.worldhistory.org</link>
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                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[How the Pacific War Changed Global Warfare]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2995/how-the-pacific-war-changed-global-warfare/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2995/how-the-pacific-war-changed-global-warfare/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2995-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-2995</guid>
                        <pubDate>Fri, 25 Sep 2026 09:54:27 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Mark Cartwright]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22201.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[USS Essex, 1944]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[US Navy (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[The Pacific War (1941-45) contributed many lasting innovations and developments to global warfare.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[The Pacific War (1941-45) contributed many lasting innovations and developments...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[The Pacific War (1941-45) contributed many lasting innovations and developments to global warfare. https://whe.to/ci/2-2995-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[The Pacific War (1941-45) contributed many lasting innovations and developments to global warfare. This theatre of the Second World War witnessed the end of battleships as the primary mode of naval warfare, replacing them with aircraft carriers that could send their planes to engage an unseen enemy many miles distant. Amphibious warfare was perfected to a high degree of efficiency, as was the integration of large-scale multiservice operations and the refinement of military logistics on a massive scale. Specialised weapons development such as flamethrowers, armoured landing vehicles, and napalm made warfare even more deadly and brutal. Tens of thousands of civilians died in single battles or bombing campaigns, numbers which grew even larger and more incomprehensible with the use of nuclear weapons, a development that still haunts humanity today.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22201.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22201.jpg?v=1790422206-1790259569-z71epzga]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#Warfare #PacificWar #AircraftCarrier #AmphibiousLanding #AtomicBomb #ImperialJapan #SecondWorldWar #USHistory #USMarines #USNavy #War #WorldWarII #WWII]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#Warfare,#PacificWar,#AircraftCarrier,#AmphibiousLanding,#AtomicBomb,#ImperialJapan,#SecondWorldWar,#USHistory,#USMarines,#USNavy,#War,#WorldWarII,#WWII]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas,Oceania,EastAsia]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[WarfareBattles]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
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                        <type><![CDATA[Article]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2995-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[how-the-pacific-war-changed-global-warfare]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[WWII's Pacific War: A Collection of Resources]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/collection/329/wwiis-pacific-war/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/collection/329/wwiis-pacific-war/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/9-329-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>9-329</guid>
                        <pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2026 16:00:02 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Mark Cartwright]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/21959.png">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Map of Japanese Expansion in Asia & the Pacific, 1875–1942]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Simeon Netchev (CC BY-NC-ND)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[This collection of resources presents the Pacific theatre of the Second World War (1939-45), which saw the expansion of the Japanese Empire before the USA was brought into the conflict following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[This collection of resources presents the Pacific theatre of the Second World War (1939-45), which saw the expansion...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[This collection of resources presents the Pacific theatre of the Second World War (1939-45), which saw the expansion of the Japanese Empire before the USA was brought into the conflict following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941. https://whe.to/ci/9-329-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[This collection of resources presents the Pacific theatre of the Second World War (1939-45), which saw the expansion of the Japanese Empire before the USA was brought into the conflict following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941. US and Allied forces steadily liberated Pacific islands like Guadalcanal, Saipan, Guam, and Iwo Jima. The last great battle of WWII was at Okinawa, where all the features of the Pacific War were combined: naval battles, naval and air bombardment of Japanese defences, amphibious landings of US Marines, and desperate jungle-fighting. Japanese cities were repeatedly bombed during the war, but Japan did not surrender until two atomic bombs were dropped, one on Hiroshima and another on Nagasaki in August 1945.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/21959.png]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/21959.png?v=1790382553-1787208162-eenn8z43]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#Warfare #PacificWar #ImperialJapan #SecondWorldWar #USAirForce #USArmy #USHistory #USMarines #USNavy #WorldWarII #WWII]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#Warfare,#PacificWar,#ImperialJapan,#SecondWorldWar,#USAirForce,#USArmy,#USHistory,#USMarines,#USNavy,#WorldWarII,#WWII]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas,Oceania,EastAsia]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[WarfareBattles]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Collection]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/9-329-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[wwiis-pacific-war]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[AP World History Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (c. 1450–1750)]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/collection/327/ap-world-history-unit-3/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/collection/327/ap-world-history-unit-3/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/9-327-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>9-327</guid>
                        <pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2026 13:00:03 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Jan van der Crabben]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/17228.png">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Map of Europe at the Peace of Westphalia, 1648]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Simeon Netchev (CC BY-NC-ND)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[This collection gathers articles, definitions, and maps covering the empires, rulers, and belief systems related to Unit 3: Land-Based Empires of the AP® World History: Modern curriculum.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[This...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[This collection gathers articles, definitions, and maps covering the empires, rulers, and belief systems related to Unit 3: Land-Based Empires of the AP® World History: Modern curriculum. https://whe.to/ci/9-327-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[This collection gathers articles, definitions, and maps covering the empires, rulers, and belief systems related to Unit 3: Land-Based Empires of the AP® World History: Modern curriculum. This collection is a single resource for teachers, providing the materials needed to explore how rulers across Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas expanded their territories and legitimized their power between 1450 and 1750.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/17228.png]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/17228.png?v=1790382556-1773843640-duv7u328]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#SonghaiEmpire #Samurai #PeaceOfWestphalia #OttomanEmpire #MingDynasty #MehmedII #MartinLuther #LouisXIVOfFrance #JohnCalvin #EnglishReformation #EdoPeriod #Counter-Reformation #CouncilOfTrent #Coricancha #Constantinople #AztecSacrifice #95Theses #Edo #MughalEmpire #Protestant]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#SonghaiEmpire,#Samurai,#PeaceOfWestphalia,#OttomanEmpire,#MingDynasty,#MehmedII,#MartinLuther,#LouisXIVOfFrance,#JohnCalvin,#EnglishReformation,#EdoPeriod,#Counter-Reformation,#CouncilOfTrent,#Coricancha,#Constantinople,#AztecSacrifice,#95Theses,#Edo,#MughalEmpire,#Protestant]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[StatesCultures,ReligionMythology,WarfareBattles,DailyLife]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[Education]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Collection]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/9-327-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[ap-world-history-unit-3]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[James Buchanan: The President Who Lost the Union]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/James_Buchanan/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/James_Buchanan/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-27916-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>1-27916</guid>
                        <pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2026 08:53:54 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Harrison W. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22200.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[James Buchanan]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Mathew Brady (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[James Buchanan (1791-1868) was an American politician who served as the fifteenth president of the United States.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[James Buchanan (1791-1868) was an American politician who served as the fifteenth president of the United States.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[James Buchanan (1791-1868) was an American politician who served as the fifteenth president of the United States. https://whe.to/ci/1-27916-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[James Buchanan (1791-1868) was an American politician who served as the fifteenth president of the United States. He took office during a time of great crisis, when the country was divided along sectional lines over the issue of slavery; his unwelcome involvement in the Dred Scott decision and the alleged corruption of his administration only caused more division and led to his unpopularity. He did little to preserve the Union during the Secession Crisis of 1860-61, which led to the American Civil War. As such, he is often regarded as one of the worst presidents in US history.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22200.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22200.jpg?v=1790534782-1790231836-n5cbh1iz]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#JamesBuchanan #DredScottDecision #AmericanCivilWar #Slavery #USHistory #USPolitics #USPresidents]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#JamesBuchanan,#DredScottDecision,#AmericanCivilWar,#Slavery,#USHistory,#USPolitics,#USPresidents]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[StatesCultures,IndividualPeople]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Definition]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-27916-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[james-buchanan]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[A Supervisor's Advice to a Young Scribe: Words of Wisdom or Satire?]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2106/a-supervisors-advice-to-a-young-scribe/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2106/a-supervisors-advice-to-a-young-scribe/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2106-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-2106</guid>
                        <pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2026 15:53:40 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Joshua J. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/16675.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Sumerian Scribe]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin (CC BY-SA)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[A Supervisor's Advice to a Young Scribe is a Sumerian composition relating a dialogue between an elder scribe and a young graduate from his school.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[A Supervisor's Advice to a Young Scribe is a Sumerian composition relating a dialogue between an elder scribe and a young graduate from his school.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[A Supervisor's Advice to a Young Scribe is a Sumerian composition relating a dialogue between an elder scribe and a young graduate from his school. https://whe.to/ci/2-2106-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[A Supervisor's Advice to a Young Scribe is a Sumerian composition relating a dialogue between an elder scribe and a young graduate from his school. The piece is dated to the Old Babylonian period (circa 1894-1595 BCE) and, although originally interpreted as an accurate depiction of the life of a scribe, it might also be understood as satire.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/16675.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/16675.jpg?v=1790382563-1668422463-5jn3pp6j]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#Writing #Uruk #Sumerians #Sumer #Mesopotamia #Cuneiform]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#Writing,#Uruk,#Sumerians,#Sumer,#Mesopotamia,#Cuneiform]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[MiddleEast]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[DailyLife,ArtArchitecture]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Ancient]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[PrimarySources]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Article]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2106-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[a-supervisors-advice-to-a-young-scribe]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Pacific War: The Defeat of Japan in WWII]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Pacific_War/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Pacific_War/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-22824-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>1-22824</guid>
                        <pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2026 08:56:41 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Mark Cartwright]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/21968.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[B-25, Doolittle Raid]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[US Navy (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[The Pacific War concerned the theatre of the Second World War (1939-45) fought in the Pacific Ocean and eastern parts of Asia between Japan and the United States and its allies.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[The Pacific War concerned the theatre of the Second World War (1939-45) fought in...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[The Pacific War concerned the theatre of the Second World War (1939-45) fought in the Pacific Ocean and eastern parts of Asia between Japan and the United States and its allies. https://whe.to/ci/1-22824-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[The Pacific War concerned the theatre of the Second World War (1939-45) fought in the Pacific Ocean and eastern parts of Asia between Japan and the United States and its allies. Japan had expanded its empire in the region throughout the 1930s, but the sneak attack on the US base at Pearl Harbor brought that country into the war. The military and industrial might of the US permitted it to launch offensive after offensive and, despite heavy casualties, push the Japanese military back to the home islands, which were then bombed relentlessly. The Pacific War and WWII ended following the dropping of two atomic bombs and Japan's surrender in August 1945.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/21968.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/21968.jpg?v=1790382567-1785167772-mxcxa5n8]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#PacificWar #ManhattanProject #BattleOfIwoJima #BattleOfOkinawa #Japan #PearlHarbor #SecondWorldWar #USHistory #USMarines #USNavy #WorldWarII #WWII]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#PacificWar,#ManhattanProject,#BattleOfIwoJima,#BattleOfOkinawa,#Japan,#PearlHarbor,#SecondWorldWar,#USHistory,#USMarines,#USNavy,#WorldWarII,#WWII]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas,SouthAsia,EastAsia]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[WarfareBattles]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Definition]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-22824-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[pacific-war]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Emancipation Proclamation: Lincoln's Call for Freedom]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Emancipation_Proclamation/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Emancipation_Proclamation/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-26510-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>1-26510</guid>
                        <pubDate>Tue, 22 Sep 2026 16:00:08 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Harrison W. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/17469.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Proclamation of Emancipation]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Library of Congress (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by US President Abraham Lincoln on 1 January 1863, at the height of the American Civil War (1861-1865).]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by US President Abraham Lincoln on 1 January 1863, at the height of the American...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by US President Abraham Lincoln on 1 January 1863, at the height of the American Civil War (1861-1865). https://whe.to/ci/1-26510-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by US President Abraham Lincoln on 1 January 1863, at the height of the American Civil War (1861-1865). It proclaimed that "all persons held in bondage" within the rebellious Confederate States "are, and henceforward, shall be free." The Proclamation legally freed 3.5 million people enslaved across ten Southern states; however, since the US federal government had no control over these states at the time, it did not have much of an immediate impact on their lives. Nor did it free the hundreds of thousands of people who were still enslaved in states loyal to the Union.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/17469.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/17469.jpg?v=1685090305-1685090332-eb46ekb3]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#AmericanCivilWar #AbrahamLincoln #RadicalRepublicans #Reconstruction #Slavery #USHistory]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#AmericanCivilWar,#AbrahamLincoln,#RadicalRepublicans,#Reconstruction,#Slavery,#USHistory]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[StatesCultures]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Definition]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-26510-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[emancipation-proclamation]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[AP World History Unit 2: Networks of Exchange (c. 1200-1450)]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/collection/326/ap-world-history-unit-2/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/collection/326/ap-world-history-unit-2/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/9-326-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>9-326</guid>
                        <pubDate>Tue, 22 Sep 2026 13:00:12 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Jan van der Crabben]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/12038.png">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Map of the Spread of the Plague in Europe, 1346 - 1353]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Simeon Netchev (CC BY-NC-ND)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[This collection gathers articles, definitions, and maps covering the trade routes, travelers, and networks of exchange related to Unit 2: Networks of Exchange of the AP® World History: Modern curriculum.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[This collection gathers articles, definitions, and maps covering the trade routes, travelers, and networks of exchange related to Unit 2: Networks of Exchange of the AP® World History: Modern curriculum.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[This collection gathers articles, definitions, and maps covering the trade routes, travelers, and networks of exchange related to Unit 2: Networks of Exchange of the AP® World History: Modern curriculum. https://whe.to/ci/9-326-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[This collection gathers articles, definitions, and maps covering the trade routes, travelers, and networks of exchange related to Unit 2: Networks of Exchange of the AP® World History: Modern curriculum. In here, you will find resources for teachers, providing the materials needed to explore how goods, ideas, and people moved between distant regions of the world during this period.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/12038.png]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/12038.png?v=1790322606-1759158235-ovnxe22y]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#Timbuktu #SwahiliCoast #SonghaiEmpire #SilkRoad #MongolEmpire #MargeryKempe #MarcoPolo #MansaMusaI #MaliEmpire #KublaiKhan #Kilwa #IbnBattuta #GenghisKhan #Feudalism #BlackDeath #Astrolabe #Camel #Mali #MansaMusa #SonghaiKingdom]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#Timbuktu,#SwahiliCoast,#SonghaiEmpire,#SilkRoad,#MongolEmpire,#MargeryKempe,#MarcoPolo,#MansaMusaI,#MaliEmpire,#KublaiKhan,#Kilwa,#IbnBattuta,#GenghisKhan,#Feudalism,#BlackDeath,#Astrolabe,#Camel,#Mali,#MansaMusa,#SonghaiKingdom]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[StatesCultures,DailyLife,NaturalPhenomenon,TimePeriod,Disasters]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[Education]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Collection]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/9-326-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[ap-world-history-unit-2]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[AP World History Unit 1: The Global Tapestry (c. 1200-1450)]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/collection/325/ap-world-history-unit-1/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/collection/325/ap-world-history-unit-1/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/9-325-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>9-325</guid>
                        <pubDate>Tue, 22 Sep 2026 08:56:51 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Jan van der Crabben]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/10041.png">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Map of Marco Polo’s Travels, 1271 - 1295]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Simeon Netchev (CC BY-NC-ND)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[This collection gathers articles, definitions, and maps covering the states, cultures, and events related to Unit 1: The Global Tapestry of the AP® World History: Modern curriculum.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[This...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[This collection gathers articles, definitions, and maps covering the states, cultures, and events related to Unit 1: The Global Tapestry of the AP® World History: Modern curriculum. https://whe.to/ci/9-325-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[This collection gathers articles, definitions, and maps covering the states, cultures, and events related to Unit 1: The Global Tapestry of the AP® World History: Modern curriculum. This collection is a single resource for teachers, providing the materials needed to explore how geographically distant societies developed along both similar and differing paths across the globe.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/10041.png]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/10041.png?v=1790322610-1759994160-ajxdrarg]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#YuanDynasty #Tenochtitlan #SwahiliCoast #Sukhothai #SongDynasty #MongolEmpire #MayaCivilization #MarcoPolo #KublaiKhan #KhmerEmpire #IslamicCaliphates #IncaCivilization #Ilkhanate #IbnBattuta #HundredYears'War #HolyRomanEmpire #Hinduism #Hausaland #GreatZimbabwe #GoldenHorde]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#YuanDynasty,#Tenochtitlan,#SwahiliCoast,#Sukhothai,#SongDynasty,#MongolEmpire,#MayaCivilization,#MarcoPolo,#KublaiKhan,#KhmerEmpire,#IslamicCaliphates,#IncaCivilization,#Ilkhanate,#IbnBattuta,#HundredYears'War,#HolyRomanEmpire,#Hinduism,#Hausaland,#GreatZimbabwe,#GoldenHorde]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[StatesCultures,DailyLife,NaturalPhenomenon,TimePeriod,Disasters]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Medieval]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[Education]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Collection]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/9-325-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[ap-world-history-unit-1]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Battle of Mill Springs: The First Union Victory in the Western Theater]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Battle_of_Mill_Springs/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Battle_of_Mill_Springs/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-29034-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>1-29034</guid>
                        <pubDate>Mon, 21 Sep 2026 15:56:53 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Joshua J. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22107.jpeg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Battle of Mill Springs, January 1862]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Harper's Weekly (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[The Battle of Mill Springs (19 January 1862) was the first Union victory in the Western theater of the American Civil War and propelled Union General George H. Thomas to fame.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[The Battle of Mill Springs (19 January 1862) was the first Union victory in the Western theater of the American Civil War and propelled Union General George H. Thomas to fame.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[The Battle of Mill Springs (19 January 1862) was the first Union victory in the Western theater of the American Civil War and propelled Union General George H. Thomas to fame. https://whe.to/ci/1-29034-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[The Battle of Mill Springs (19 January 1862) was the first Union victory in the Western theater of the American Civil War and propelled Union General George H. Thomas to fame. The battle is known by many names owing to the area in Pulaski County and Wayne County, Kentucky, in which it was fought. These include Battle of Mill Springs, Battle of Logan's Crossroads, Battle of Somerset, and Battle of Fishing Creek.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22107.jpeg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22107.jpeg?v=1790534774-1788789209-z5jgm1sq]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#GeorgeH.Thomas #AmericanCivilWar #USHistory]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#GeorgeH.Thomas,#AmericanCivilWar,#USHistory]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[WarfareBattles]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Definition]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-29034-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[battle-of-mill-springs]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Ulysses S. Grant: The General Who Won the American Civil War]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Ulysses_S._Grant/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Ulysses_S._Grant/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-25590-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>1-25590</guid>
                        <pubDate>Mon, 21 Sep 2026 09:11:39 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Joshua J. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/21462.jpeg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[General Ulysses S. Grant]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Constant Mayer (CC BY-NC-SA)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885) was a Union general in the American Civil War and, later, the 18th president of the United States of America.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885) was a Union general in the American Civil War and, later, the 18th president of the United States of America.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885) was a Union general in the American Civil War and, later, the 18th president of the United States of America. https://whe.to/ci/1-25590-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885) was a Union general in the American Civil War and, later, the 18th president of the United States of America. He is generally regarded as the most effective Civil War commander, whose refusal to retreat after engagements contributed significantly to the Union victory in 1865 when Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/21462.jpeg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/21462.jpeg?v=1790534785-1765872267-soo7whdf]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#UlyssesS.Grant #RobertE.Lee #OverlandCampaign #GeorgeH.Thomas #AmericanCivilWar #USHistory]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#UlyssesS.Grant,#RobertE.Lee,#OverlandCampaign,#GeorgeH.Thomas,#AmericanCivilWar,#USHistory]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[IndividualPeople]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Definition]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-25590-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[ulysses-s-grant]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Why Were Hiroshima & Nagasaki Bombed in WWII?]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2992/why-were-hiroshima--nagasaki-bombed-in-wwii/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2992/why-were-hiroshima--nagasaki-bombed-in-wwii/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2992-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-2992</guid>
                        <pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 08:57:59 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Mark Cartwright]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22167.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Mushroom Clouds over Hiroshima & Nagasaki, 1945]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[George R. Caron - Charles Levy (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[The decision to drop the atomic bomb in August 1945 was taken to avoid further Allied casualties in the Pacific War by forcing Japan into an immediate surrender.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[The decision to drop the atomic bomb in August 1945 was taken to avoid further Allied...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[The decision to drop the atomic bomb in August 1945 was taken to avoid further Allied casualties in the Pacific War by forcing Japan into an immediate surrender. https://whe.to/ci/2-2992-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[The decision to drop the atomic bomb in August 1945 was taken to avoid further Allied casualties in the Pacific War by forcing Japan into an immediate surrender. Another reason was, as the victors jostled for control of the broken empires of the losers of the Second World War (1939-45), to demonstrate to the USSR that in the post-war world, the US had the ultimate weapon of destruction.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22167.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22167.jpg?v=1789857495-1789711973-vfe72wmm]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#PacificWar #ManhattanProject #AtomicBomb #Hiroshima #ImperialJapan #Nagasaki #NuclearWeapons #SecondWorldWar #USHistory #USAAF #WorldWarII #WWII]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#PacificWar,#ManhattanProject,#AtomicBomb,#Hiroshima,#ImperialJapan,#Nagasaki,#NuclearWeapons,#SecondWorldWar,#USHistory,#USAAF,#WorldWarII,#WWII]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas,EastAsia]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[WarfareBattles]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Article]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2992-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[why-were-hiroshima--nagasaki-bombed-in-wwii]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[The Bombing of Tokyo in WWII: How Napalm Firestorms Destroyed a City]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2990/the-bombing-of-tokyo-in-wwii/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2990/the-bombing-of-tokyo-in-wwii/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2990-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-2990</guid>
                        <pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2026 08:57:13 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Mark Cartwright]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22153.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Tokyo After the Firestorm of March 1945]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Ishikawa Kōyō (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[The systematic bombing of Tokyo by US aircraft in repeated raids during the Second World War (1939-45) was intended to force Japan's surrender.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[The systematic bombing of Tokyo by US aircraft in repeated raids during the Second World War (1939-45) was intended to force Japan's surrender.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[The systematic bombing of Tokyo by US aircraft in repeated raids during the Second World War (1939-45) was intended to force Japan's surrender. https://whe.to/ci/2-2990-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[The systematic bombing of Tokyo by US aircraft in repeated raids during the Second World War (1939-45) was intended to force Japan's surrender. The dropping of thousands of incendiary bombs in March 1945 created a firestorm that killed at least 87,000 people. Tokyo, with its myriad of industrial sites, was hit again and again over the following months, as were many other Japanese cities. Despite the tremendous destruction and loss of life, only when these raids were combined with a naval blockade and the shocking use of the new atomic bomb did Japan finally surrender.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22153.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22153.jpg?v=1789996026-1789486453-j1nxpr3u]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#PacificWar #BombingCampaign #ImperialJapan #SecondWorldWar #Tokyo #USAAF #WWII]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#PacificWar,#BombingCampaign,#ImperialJapan,#SecondWorldWar,#Tokyo,#USAAF,#WWII]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[EastAsia]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[WarfareBattles]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Article]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2990-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[the-bombing-of-tokyo-in-wwii]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[The Debate Between Sheep and Grain: A Sumerian Argument Between Animal Husbandry & Agriculture]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2122/the-debate-between-sheep-and-grain/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2122/the-debate-between-sheep-and-grain/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2122-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-2122</guid>
                        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Sep 2026 16:00:01 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Joshua J. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/2867.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Head of Ewe Figurine]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin (Copyright)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[The Debate Between Sheep and Grain (circa 2000 BCE) is one of the best-known Sumerian literary debates in a genre that was popular entertainment by the late 3rd millennium BCE.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[The Debate Between Sheep and Grain (circa 2000 BCE) is one of the best-known Sumerian literary debates in a genre that was popular entertainment by the late 3rd millennium BCE.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[The Debate Between Sheep and Grain (circa 2000 BCE) is one of the best-known Sumerian literary debates in a genre that was popular entertainment by the late 3rd millennium BCE. https://whe.to/ci/2-2122-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[The Debate Between Sheep and Grain (circa 2000 BCE) is one of the best-known Sumerian literary debates in a genre that was popular entertainment by the late 3rd millennium BCE. In this piece, personifications of grain and sheep argue which is more important, with grain judged the winner because sheep need grain, but grain needs no sheep.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/2867.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/2867.jpg?v=1789857503-ba8w32mf]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#Writing #Sumer #AnimalHusbandry #Agriculture]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#Writing,#Sumer,#AnimalHusbandry,#Agriculture]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[MiddleEast]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[ReligionMythology,DailyLife,ArtArchitecture]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Ancient]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[PrimarySources]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Article]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2122-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[the-debate-between-sheep-and-grain]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Korean War: How the Cold War Became a Hot War]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Korean_War/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Korean_War/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-26331-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>1-26331</guid>
                        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Sep 2026 08:59:11 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Reha Mert]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22121.png">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Map of the Korean War, 1950–1953]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Simeon Netchev (CC BY-NC-ND)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[The Korean War was a Cold War conflict that took place between North and South Korea from 1950 to 1953.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[The Korean War was a Cold War conflict that took place between North and South Korea from 1950 to 1953.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[The Korean War was a Cold War conflict that took place between North and South Korea from 1950 to 1953. https://whe.to/ci/1-26331-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[The Korean War was a Cold War conflict that took place between North and South Korea from 1950 to 1953. It pitted US-led United Nations (UN) forces against the communist bloc supported by the Soviet Union and China, and it is considered the first armed conflict between the capitalist and socialist worlds following World War II (1939-45).]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22121.png]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22121.png?v=1789857507-1789373396-inqp2jmc]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#KoreanWar #Korea #ColdWar #DouglasMacArthur #KimIl-Sung #SyngmanRhee #UnitedStates]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#KoreanWar,#Korea,#ColdWar,#DouglasMacArthur,#KimIl-Sung,#SyngmanRhee,#UnitedStates]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[EastAsia]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[WarfareBattles]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Definition]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-26331-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[korean-war]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[G. H. Thomas's Account of the Battle of Mill Springs: Excerpts From the Official Action Report]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2989/g-h-thomass-account-of-the-battle-of-mill-springs/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2989/g-h-thomass-account-of-the-battle-of-mill-springs/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2989-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-2989</guid>
                        <pubDate>Tue, 15 Sep 2026 15:58:49 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Joshua J. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22106.jpeg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Woodcut of George H. Thomas by Thomas Nast]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Thomas Nast (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[At the Battle of Mill Springs (19 January 1862) in Kentucky, Union Brigadier General George H. Thomas had originally planned to strike first, advancing from Logan's Crossroads to launch an assault on the Confederate encampment at Beech Grove near the Cumberland River, ten miles (16 km) from his position.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[At the Battle of Mill Springs (19 January 1862) in Kentucky, Union Brigadier General George H. Thomas had originally planned to strike first, advancing from Logan's Crossroads to launch...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[At the Battle of Mill Springs (19 January 1862) in Kentucky, Union Brigadier General George H. Thomas had originally planned to strike first, advancing from Logan's Crossroads to launch an assault on the Confederate encampment at Beech Grove near the Cumberland... https://whe.to/ci/2-2989-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[At the Battle of Mill Springs (19 January 1862) in Kentucky, Union Brigadier General George H. Thomas had originally planned to strike first, advancing from Logan's Crossroads to launch an assault on the Confederate encampment at Beech Grove near the Cumberland River, ten miles (16 km) from his position.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22106.jpeg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22106.jpeg?v=1789857510-1789553429-rigzhvkp]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#GeorgeH.Thomas #AmericanCivilWar #USHistory]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#GeorgeH.Thomas,#AmericanCivilWar,#USHistory]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[WarfareBattles]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[PrimarySources]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Article]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2989-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[g-h-thomass-account-of-the-battle-of-mill-springs]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Franklin Pierce: The Tragic US President]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Franklin_Pierce/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Franklin_Pierce/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-28996-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>1-28996</guid>
                        <pubDate>Tue, 15 Sep 2026 09:00:39 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Harrison W. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22140.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Franklin Pierce]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[George Peter Alexander Healy (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[Franklin Pierce (1804-1869) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the fourteenth president of the United States.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[Franklin Pierce (1804-1869) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the fourteenth president of the United States.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[Franklin Pierce (1804-1869) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the fourteenth president of the United States. https://whe.to/ci/1-28996-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[Franklin Pierce (1804-1869) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the fourteenth president of the United States. An unremarkable politician prior to his election, his presidency was marred by the sectional crisis over the issue of slavery. His support of the Kansas-Nebraska Act led to Bleeding Kansas, a proto-civil war that worsened the sectional divide. Pierce left office after only one term in 1857, leaving the nation barreling headfirst toward the American Civil War (1861-1865).]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22140.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22140.jpg?v=1789857514-1789455755-zw1piqcy]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#FranklinPierce #BleedingKansas #AmericanCivilWar #USHistory #USPresidents]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#FranklinPierce,#BleedingKansas,#AmericanCivilWar,#USHistory,#USPresidents]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[StatesCultures,IndividualPeople]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Definition]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-28996-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[franklin-pierce]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[The Home of the Fish: A Sumerian Poem of a Trap or a Welcome]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2199/the-home-of-the-fish/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2199/the-home-of-the-fish/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2199-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>2-2199</guid>
                        <pubDate>Mon, 14 Sep 2026 15:57:23 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Joshua J. Mark]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/17203.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Fish-Shaped Amulet]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[The Trustees of the British Museum (CC BY-NC-SA)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[The Home of the Fish is a Sumerian poetic monologue, most likely from the Ur III period (circa 2112 to circa 2004 BCE), in which the speaker tries to coax various fish into a newly built home.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[The Home of the Fish is a Sumerian poetic monologue, most likely from the Ur III period (circa 2112 to circa 2004 BCE), in which the speaker tries to coax various fish into a newly built home.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[The Home of the Fish is a Sumerian poetic monologue, most likely from the Ur III period (circa 2112 to circa 2004 BCE), in which the speaker tries to coax various fish into a newly built home. https://whe.to/ci/2-2199-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[The Home of the Fish is a Sumerian poetic monologue, most likely from the Ur III period (circa 2112 to circa 2004 BCE), in which the speaker tries to coax various fish into a newly built home. The meaning of the poem depends on whether the speaker is sincere in his or her invitation or has actually built a trap.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/17203.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/17203.jpg?v=1789493945-1789376454-68b8ppb2]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#Sumerians #Sumer #Nanshe #Mesopotamia]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#Sumerians,#Sumer,#Nanshe,#Mesopotamia]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[MiddleEast]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[DailyLife,ArtArchitecture]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Ancient]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[PrimarySources]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Article]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/2-2199-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[the-home-of-the-fish]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Manhattan Project: How the Atomic Bomb Was Built]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Manhattan_Project/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Manhattan_Project/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-24146-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>1-24146</guid>
                        <pubDate>Mon, 14 Sep 2026 08:58:21 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Mark Cartwright]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22133.png">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Trinity Test Explosion,  1945]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[United States Department of Energy (Public Domain)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[The Manhattan Project was the code name for the secret US-led programme to develop an atomic bomb during the Second World War (1939-45).]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[The Manhattan Project was the code name for the secret US-led programme...]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[The Manhattan Project was the code name for the secret US-led programme to develop an atomic bomb during the Second World War (1939-45). https://whe.to/ci/1-24146-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[The Manhattan Project was the code name for the secret US-led programme to develop an atomic bomb during the Second World War (1939-45). Hugely expensive and employing the best scientific minds from Europe and the United States, the project was successful. After a single test, two bombs were dropped, one on the Japanese city of Hiroshima and the other on Nagasaki in August 1945. The bombs caused instant devastation and tremendous loss of life, but they did bring Japan's surrender. The atomic bomb had won the war, but the world was transformed overnight, and subsequent generations were left with the lingering spectre that humanity could now literally destroy itself.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22133.png]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22133.png?v=1789996039-1789064210-tnzcg7qb]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#Science #ManhattanProject #AtomicBomb #Hiroshima #Nagasaki #NucelarWeapon #NuclearFission #RobertOppenheimer #SecondWorldWar #TrinityTest #WorldWarII #WWII]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#Science,#ManhattanProject,#AtomicBomb,#Hiroshima,#Nagasaki,#NucelarWeapon,#NuclearFission,#RobertOppenheimer,#SecondWorldWar,#TrinityTest,#WorldWarII,#WWII]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Americas]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[PhilosophyScience,WarfareBattles]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Modern]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Definition]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-24146-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[manhattan-project]]></slug>
                    </item>    
                    <item>
                        <title><![CDATA[Almourol Castle: Island Fortress of the Knights Templar]]></title>
                        <link><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Almourol_Castle/]]></link>
                        <link_long><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/Almourol_Castle/]]></link_long>
                        <link_short><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-28866-en/]]></link_short>
                        <guid>1-28866</guid>
                        <pubDate>Fri, 11 Sep 2026 09:00:02 +0000</pubDate>
                        <author><![CDATA[Filipa Oliveira]]></author>
                        <translator><![CDATA[]]></translator>
                        <media:content url="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22089.jpg">
                                <media:caption><![CDATA[Almourol Castle, Inner Alure]]></media:caption>
                                <media:credit><![CDATA[Filipa Oliveira (Copyright, fair use)]]></media:credit>
                        </media:content>
                        <firstSentence><![CDATA[Almourol Castle in Portugal was built on a 310-meter-long and 75-meter-wide granite islet in the middle of the Tagus River.]]></firstSentence>
                        <twitterPreview><![CDATA[Almourol Castle in Portugal was built on a 310-meter-long and 75-meter-wide granite islet in the middle of the Tagus River.]]></twitterPreview>
                        <blueskyPreview><![CDATA[Almourol Castle in Portugal was built on a 310-meter-long and 75-meter-wide granite islet in the middle of the Tagus River. https://whe.to/ci/1-28866-en/]]></blueskyPreview>
                        <description><![CDATA[Almourol Castle in Portugal was built on a 310-meter-long and 75-meter-wide granite islet in the middle of the Tagus River. Earlier Roman and Moorish structures were completely remodelled in 1171 by the Knights Templar and became part of the Tagus defensive line, designed to control river navigation and protect the border during the Reconquista.]]></description>
                        <image><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/1500x1500/22089.jpg]]></image>
                        <imageUncropped><![CDATA[https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/22089.jpg?v=1789610723-1788944468-6s8scbhh]]></imageUncropped>
                        <video><![CDATA[]]></video>
                        <hashtags><![CDATA[#Reconquista #KnightsTemplar #AlmourolCastle #Portugal]]></hashtags>
                        <hashtagsCSV><![CDATA[#Reconquista,#KnightsTemplar,#AlmourolCastle,#Portugal]]></hashtagsCSV>
                        <regions><![CDATA[Mediterranean]]></regions>
                        <subjects><![CDATA[Places,ArtArchitecture]]></subjects>
                        <periods><![CDATA[Medieval]]></periods>
                        <section><![CDATA[]]></section>
                        <rating><![CDATA[]]></rating>
                        <ratingstars><![CDATA[]]></ratingstars>
                        <type><![CDATA[Definition]]></type>
                        <category><![CDATA[lang_en]]></category>
                        <shortUrl><![CDATA[https://whe.to/ci/1-28866-en/]]></shortUrl>
                        <slug><![CDATA[almourol-castle]]></slug>
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