Andhra Pradesh Diaries

Kazipet Junction Facts

2015-07-16T14:04:00.003-07:00

Kazipet railway station was established in 1904

Picture taken in 1904 when the Railway station was started

Kazipet is a junction which is located 134 km from Hyderabad city,It is a urban area with lot of schools and hospitals,in the past people use to come to kazipet to study there, three major catholic missionary schools (St. Gabriels, Fatima Girls High School, St. Ann's High School). India's best engineering institutes, the National Institute of Technology (also known as Warangal-NIT previously called REC Regional Engineering College), is located in Kazipet,its the top NIT of times in India, Nit hosts various cultural activities and fests bringing Light in Kazipet . The Kakatiya University ,The Kakatiya Medical College is attached to the MGM Government Hospital. It is the third largest medical college in the state Andhra Pradesh are also located here.

kazipet is also famous for diesel locomotive shed.

These area is having a unique identity in celebrating Vinayaka chaviti and Dussera festivals in kazipet.

History of its Name

Kazipet got its name from a Sufi saintof great eminence by name Syed Afzal Shah Biyabani who was a Kazi during the British regime. His shrine at kazipet is visited by thousands the year round by people of all faiths. He was a direct descendent of Harath Ali ( AS) .karamAllah Wajhu .

[edit]Railway Junction Kazipet is famous for being a major railway junction and locomotive (largely diesel) maintenance division in Andhra Pradesh. This can be seen in the fact that many of the residents are employees of Indian Railways. Kazipet Railway station has a history of more than 100 years. It was started in early 1900s by Nizam Government. It is the hub connecting North and South, East and West India with more than 60 daily trains passing through. ), it also connects 3 different routes delhi route through MadhyaPradesh,Hyderabad,Chennai route via VijayawadaThe railway station has three platforms. Platforms 2 and 3 are generally for trains towards Hyderabad. Platform 1 is generally used for trains which come from Hyderabad. Kazipet is one of the busiest stations in the South Central Railway. Kazipet is one of the stations(like Secunderabad, Kachiguda, Nampally, Begumpet, started during Nizam rule.

Places and Shopping

kazipet is a hub and one among Tricities "Hanamkonda ","Warangal","Kazipet",it nearest city Hanamkonda is a big shopping hub and warangal a historical city , so u find ambient shopping experience and lot of cool restaurants near to NIT which will make Kazipet worth while

Now people feel that Kazipet Station Deserves more History in Indian Railway History

So they are demanding Kazipet Railway Station to have International Recognition

Godavari Maha Pushkaralu, Why are they Celebrated ?

2015-07-15T02:12:00.000-07:00

The Word Pushkara is derived from Pushkarudu who purifies every river once in 12 years ,

His actual history is ‘Tundila’ a brhamin after a long Tapasya pleased Lord Shiva and achieved Jalmaytwa Siddhi (water form), one of the eight forms of Lord Shiva. Lord Shiva granted a boon to ‘Tundila’ that he will live with Him. Thus Tundila got the power to purify all rivers and thereafter he was called “Pushkara”. The word splits as ‘Push’ means to ‘Nourish’ and ‘Kara’ means ‘Who performs’. It is a special energy which nourishes.

This Godavari Maha Pushkaralu is marked very special as it occurs once in 144 years ,corresponding to the 12th recurrence of the 12-year Godavari Pushkaram cycle

As Jupiter travels from one Zodiac sign to another Zodiac sign, 12 years is going to be a pushkara cycle, But this year Godavari Maha Pushkaram is a Hindu festival being celebrated from 14 July 2015 for a period of twelve days. The festival starts from the Ashadha (June/July) month on the Chaturdashi day (thithi) (14th day), when planet Jupiter enters the zodiac sign of Leo.The festival is "theoretically" observed throughout the twelve months that the planet remains in that sign, but the first 12 days are considered most sacred.The first 12 days of the Godavari Pushkaram are known as "Aadhi Pushkaram" and the last 12 days are titled "Anthya Pushkaralu". The next Maha Pushkaram will be celebrated in 2159.

Jupiter is known as “Brihaspati” in Sanskrit and “Gurudu” in Telugu. Jupiter is the “Guru of the Dieties”. Jupiter represents knowledge, wisdom and the off spring of the individual. It is a planet of expansion, growth and good fortune.

Some People Recite Pushkaras as Very Holy , Bathing in the holy waters may even cure Health Disorders, and those who bath during pushkaras recite happiness and mind peace for the coming years , people who bath get fruitfulness of 1000 Ashwamedhas, and its also equalant to feeding 1 lach cows and its also equalant to bathing in all sacred rivers

Where can I take Pushkara Snanam ?

Godavari Pushkara bath can be taken on banks of Godavary, Starting from Nirmal,Basar, Dharmapuri ,Kaleswaram , Bhadrachalam ,Pattisema ,Kovvuru ,Rajmundry ,Davaleshwaram ,Narsapuram ,Antarvedi and it then disolves in to Bay of Bengal

Batukumma

2013-01-27T11:26:00.001-08:00

Bathukamma Festival

Bathukamma is a unique festival wich is celebrated in Telangana Region , very important and largest festival celebrated for 9 nine days by women of Telangana. This festival showcases the Telangana culture.

celebrated annually : September/October

Startdate : ‘Mahalaya Amavasya’

Duration : nine days.

Celebrated to : Bathukamma is a ritual performed for Goddess Gauri (Gauramma). Nine days of Bathumma is also called as Navarathri in rest of India. 9thday of Bathumma is called as ‘Saddulu’ or ‘Pedda Bathukamma,Generally one or two days before Dussera (Durgashtami).’.

Bathukkamma Festival – being performed by women of Telangana

How the festival is celebrated:

Bathukamma is a stack of flowers arranged in an order by various local seasonal flowers on a brass plate (called as Tambalam). The flowers generally used are gunugu puvvu, tangedi puvvu, banti puvvu and various other flowers. During these nine days, women prepare Bathumma from the noon. Flowers are stack like a cone on a Tambalam. During evenings of these nine days, women dress colorfully with their best attire and ornaments. Women take their Bathukamma and gather in large number near a pound/ lake/ temple. They form a circle with Bathukamma’s in the centre of the circle. They sing songs with clapping hands by going around it. Generally a woman sings and others chorus the song. (There are plenty of Bathukamma songs available). On the 9th day, the whole family sits together for preparation of the big Bathukamma. On the 9th day, there will be varity of dishes prepared. In some areas, they prepare five types of rice (pulihora, daddojanam, etc) and in some areas they prepare five kinds of flours. The unique dish ‘Maleeda’ is prepared on the 9th day. ‘Maleeda’ is prepared with jaggery and maize (jonnalu).

Bathukamma Festival

There is a saying that if you are born as a girl, you have to play Bathukamma. That’s the beauty of Bathukamma festival. This festival gives the importance of the relationship between human beings, earth and water. The scene of all Bathukammas floating in a lake on the 9th day is a life time experience. One has to visit Warangal/Hyderabad (Tankbund) on the 9th day of Bathukamma to have the unique beauty of Bathukamma.

The unique dish ‘Maleeda

Andhra University

2012-11-12T12:30:00.002-08:00

Andhra University is one of the oldest educational institutions in the country, Andhra University was constituted by the Madras Act of 1926. The 82-year-old institution is fortunate to have Sir C.R. Reddy as its founder Vice-Chancellor, as the steps taken by this visionary proved to be fruitful in the long run.

The people of the State have an emotional attachment to the institution, since it came into being after a prolonged and collective struggle of the Telugu elite for a University in the educationally backward northern Circars and Ceded districts of the erstwhile Madras Presidency.

Former President of India Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was one of its Vice-Chancellors who succeed Dr. C. R. Reddy in 1931. The University College of Arts was inaugurated on 1 st July, 1931. The inaugural courses were Telugu language and literature, History, Economics and Politics. A year later, the College of Science and Technology came into being with Honours courses in Physics and Chemistry. The University pioneered in introducing many new courses in Science, Arts, Management and Engineering in the country.

The leaders of the university always believed that excellence in higher education is the best investment for the country and engaged the services of famous educationists such as Dr. T.R. Seshadri, Dr. S. Bhagavantham, Professor Hiren Mukherjee, Professor Humayan Kabir and Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao, to mention a few who set high standards for teaching and research. Nobel Lariat C V Raman was the proud alumnus of the University and closely associated in laying research foundations in Physics. Padmavibhushan Prof. C R Rao, the renowned statistician of the world, was also the proud alumnus of the University.

Keeping in pace with the global needs and challenges under the leadership and guidance of successive Vice-chancellors, the University is offering several new Courses of relevance and Contemporary significance.

Ever since its inception in 1926 Andhra University has an impeccable record of catering to the educational needs and solving the sociological problems of the region. The University is relentless in its efforts in maintaining standards in teaching and research, ensuring proper character building and development among the students, encouraging community developmental programmes, nurturing leadership in young men and women and imbibing a sense of responsibility to become good citizens, while striving for excellence in all fronts.

The University is spread in a sprawling campus of 422 acres dotted with 121 buildings of Academic, Administrative and support services with a plinth area of about 20 lakhs sq.ft., and 324 staff quarters. Presently the University catering the Educational needs of five green districts of Andhra Pradesh namely Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West Godavari, Vizinagaram and Srikakulam.

The University campus is having 23 hostels for men which can accommodate more than 3200 students and 10 hostels exclusively for women with a capacity of more than 2000 seats. Two Hostels are specially constructed for foreign students. The University has also two Residential Health Centres one at south campus and the other at north campus and a homoeo Dispensary. The University has four Guest Houses, Central Canteen and four canteens at various locations, Press and Publication division, Women Waiting Halls, Faculty Club and Schools for Employees Children.

The University is also having student services and welfare centres in the campus like post and Telegraph office, Banking facilities, University employment and Guidance bureau, training and placement centre and a sports complex including a Gymnasium Hall.

The other infrastructural facilities available in the University include Academic Staff College, Computer Centre and Press & Publications division. The University is also having 25 Research centers/institution in the campus like Agro- Economic research Centre, Centre for Religious studies, Centre for Women s Studies, Delta studies Institute , Institute of public sector management, Institute for yoga and Consciousness and population Research Centre, OASTC, Bay of Bengal, etc.,

The alumni of the University occupy important positions in government administration, Industry and research organizations with in and out side the country. The Government of Andhra Pradesh has appointed the professors of the University as chairman and vice-chairman of the APSCHE and presently ten Universities had Vice-chancellors from Andhra University.

The University has recently organized the 95 th session of the Indian Science Congress, from 3 rd to 7 th January, 2008. The Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh has inaugurated the Congress and in his address he refered to the University as a Magnificient University and has all appreciation for the way the mega event was organized.

There are 636 affiliated colleges spread across five districts under the territorial jurisdiction of Andhra University. The enrolment in Affiliated Colleges is more than 1.5 Lakhs.

Maulana Azad National Urdu University

2012-05-20T12:09:00.000-07:00

Maulana Azad National Urdu University is an Urdu University located in the city of Hyderabad in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was named after the famous Islam and Urdu literature scholar Maulana Azad. He was also the first Minister of Education in office from 15^th August 1947 until his death on 22 February 1958. A known freedom fighter for India’s independence, he worked closely with Mahatma Gandhi to support the nonviolence.

The Maulana Azad National Urdu University was estab lished by an Act of Parliament in January 1998. The purpose of this University is to promote Urdu language, literature by providing higher and vocational education with Urdu as the medium of instruction. It also has the other primary goal like focus on woman’s education specially the Muslim girls. More than 15,000 students are rolled in various courses like M A, B eD, B A, B Sc, diploma courses, certificate courses and B Com.

The university has got awarded with A Grade by National Assessment & Accreditation Council NAAC. Within the Hyderabad campus it has the Urdu learning and research institute known as the Centre for Urdu Language, Literature & Culture.

Centres and Departments

This university has 9 regional centres, six sub regional centres and more than 200 study centres in India alone. It has established examination centre at Jeddah, Qatar, UK and USA.

The following academic departments are included –

Department of Urdu
Department of English
Department of Arabic
Department of Hindi
Department of Persian
Department of Business Management
Department of Mass Communication
Department of Political Science & Public Administration
Department of Education & Training
Department of Translation
Department of Women Education
Department of Computer Science & Information Technology

The follow are the centres –

Centre for Professional Development of Urdu Medium Teachers
Centre for Women Studies
Instructional Media Centre
Centre for Urdu Language,Literature & Culture
Centre For The Study of Social Exclusion & Inclusive Policy
UGC Academic staff college

There are also polytechnic colleges in Hyderabad, Darbhanga and Bangalore. The University located in Hyderabad is the home to the Maulana Azad library established in the same year 1998.

The address is
Maulana Azad National University,
Gachibowli, Hyderabad,
Andhra Pradesh 500032, India
+91 40 2300 6612
www.manuu.ac.in

Flash mob Dec 31st 2011 in CMR Central Visakhapatnam

2012-05-18T22:47:00.001-07:00

Godse When he killed Gandhi

2012-05-18T21:28:00.001-07:00

Godse is often a misunderstood character. He is referred to as a Hindu fanatic. It is often hard to understand Godse because the Government of India had suppressed information about him. His court statements, letters etc. were all banned from the public until recently. Judging from his writings one thing becomes very clear – He was no fanatic. His court statements are very well read out and indicate a calm and collected mental disposition. He never even once speaks ill about Gandhi as a person, but only attacks Gandhi's policies which caused ruin and untold misery to Hindus.

Another interesting point to note is that Godse had been working with the Hindu refugees fleeing from Pakistan. He had seen the horrible atrocities committed on them. Many women had their hands cut off, nose cut off, even little girls had been raped mercilessly. Despite this Godse did not harm even single Muslim in India which he could easily have. So it would be a grave mistake to call him a Hindu fanatic.
Let us start by studying the motive behind Godse's act. By seeing the nature of the assassination in public space and Godse's act of turning himself over to the Police, we can see that Godse did not do this for personal reasons. He very well knew that he would be hanged and his name would be disgraced as Gandhi was considered a saint. And again Godse could have ran away and escaped punishment. But he did the reverse. He called a police officer and courted arrest. Before we proceed it would be wise to understand the backdrop of the assassination.
The central government had taken a decision — Pakistan will not be given Rs 55 crores. On January 13 Gandhi started a fast unto death that Pakistan must be given the money. On January 13, the central government changed its earlier decision and announced that Pakistan would be given the amount. On January 13, Nathuram decided to assassinate Gandhi.
Nathuram Godse was a learned man, very sharp and intelligent – editor of "Agrani" (one of the most famous newspaper of that time – with Nana Aapte). In his last editorial of "Agrani" which he changed overnight – he said "Gandhi must be stopped – at any cost" and he justified why Gandhiji's assassination was not only inevitable but also a delayed action, sth tht shud've happened LONG AGO.
In Nathuram's words - " I don't refute Gandhi's theory of non-violence. He may be a saint but he is not a politician. His theory of non-violence denies self-defence and self-interest. The non-violence that defines the fight for survival as violence is a theory not of non-violence but of self-destruction.The division of the nation was an unnecessary decision. What was the percentage of the Muslim population as compared to the population of the nation? There was no need for a separate nation. Had it been a just demand, Maulana Azad would not have stayed back in India. But because Jinnah insisted and because Gandhi took his side, India was divided, in spite of opposition from the nation, the Cabinet. An individual is never greater than a nation.
In a democracy you cannot put forward your demands at knife-point. Jinnah did it and Gandhi stabbed the nation with the same knife. He dissected the land and gave a piece to Pakistan. We did picket that time but in vain. The Father of our Nation went to perform his paternal duties for Pakistan! Gandhi blackmailed the cabinet with his fast unto death. His body, his threats to die are causing the destruction — geographical as well as economical — of the nation. Today, Muslims have taken a part of the nation, tomorrow Sikhs may ask for Punjab. The religions are again dividend into castes, they will demand sub-divisions of the divisions. What remains of the concept of one nation, national integration? Why did we fight the British in unison for independence? Why not separately? Bhagat Singh did not ask only for an independent Punjab or Subhash Chandra Bose for an independent Bengal?
I am going to assassinate him in the open, before the public, because I am going to do it as my duty. If I do it surreptitiously, it becomes a crime in my own eyes. I will not try to escape, I will surrender and naturally I will be hanged. One assassination, one hanging. I don't want two executions for one assassination and I don't want your involvement, participation or company. (This was for Nana-Apte and Veer Savarkar as they were against ghandhi's policies too, Godse wanted to assassinate gandhi all by himself and took promise from Nana Apte that he will continue helping Veer Savarkar in rebuilding India as a strong free nation.)
On January 30, I reached Birla Bhavan at 12 pm. Gandhi was sitting outside on a cot enjoying the sunshine. Vallabhbhai Patel's granddaughter was sitting at his feet. I had the revolver with me. I could have assassinated him easily then, but I was convinced that his assassination was to be a punishment and a sentence against him, and I would execute him. I wanted witnesses for the execution but there were none. I did not want to escape after the execution as there was not an iota of guilt in my mind. I wanted to surrender, but surrender to whom? There was a good crowd to collect for the evening prayers. I decided on the evening of January 30 as the date for Gandhi's execution.
Gandhi climbed the steps and came forward. He had kept his hands on the shoulders of the two girls. I wanted just three seconds more. I moved two steps forward and faced Gandhi. Now I wanted to take out the revolver and salute him for whatever sacrifice and service he had made for the nation. One of the two girls was dangerously close to Gandhi and I was afraid that she might be injured in the course of firing. As a precautionary measure I went one more step ahead, bowed before him and gently pushed the girl away from the firing line. The next moment I fired at Gandhi. Gandhi was very weak, there was a feeble sound like 'aah' (There are proof that Gandhi did NOT say "Hey Raam" at that time – it's just made up stuff ) from him and he fell down.
After the firing I raised my hand holding the revolver and shouted, 'Police, police'. For 30 seconds nobody came forward and I scanned the crowd. I saw a police officer. I signalled to him to come forward and arrest me. He came and caught my wrist, then a second man came and touched the revolver… I let it go…"

Mecca Masjid Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh

2012-05-17T13:13:00.000-07:00

One would definitely admire the architecture of Mecca masjid ,its splendid design and royal appearance makes a mark,once you enter the mosque you would feel that,Mecca Masjid is hundred yards southwest of Charminar , It was named after Macca masjid because the bricks were brought from Mecca to build the central arch.

The Qutb Shahis delayed the building of the mosque, which was completed by Aurangzeb in 1694. Mecca Masjid means poetry in stone, with a hall measuring 67 mts and soaring to a height of 54mts. Fifteen graceful arches – five to each of the three sides, support the roof. Towards the southern end of the mosque lie the graves in marble of Nizam Ali Khan & the families of the Asaf Jahi dynasty.

Guts of Andhra ఆంధ్ర పౌరుషము

2012-05-15T12:56:00.000-07:00

ఆంధ్ర పౌరుషము

Andhra fortitude

శ్రి విస్వనథ శత్యనరయన

ఆధునిక ఆంధ్ర సాహిత్యంలో అసాధారణ ప్రతిభాశాలీఇ అనేక సాహితీ ప్రక్రియలలో ఆరితేరి శతాధిక గ్రంధాలు వ్రాసిన కవిసామ్రాట్ శ్రీ విస్వనాధ సత్యనారాయణ గొప్ప జాతీయవాది; దేశభక్తుడు. తెలుగు వారి పౌరుషన్ని గూర్చి, త్యాగాన్ని గూర్చి ఈయన అనేక పద్యాలు, గేయాలు వ్రాసినారు. తెలుగు దేశానికంతటికి సుపరిచితమైనదీపద్యము.

ఆంధ్ర పౌరుషము
*******************
గోదావరీ పావనోదార వాఃపూర మఖిలభారతము మాదన్న నాడు
తుంగభద్రా సముత్తుంగ రావముతోడ కవులగానము శృతి గలయునాడు
పెన్నానదీ సముత్పన్న కైరవదళ శ్రేణిలో తెంగు వాసించునాడు
కృష్ణా తరంగ నిర్ణిద్రగానముతోడ శిల్పము తొలి పూజ సేయుణాడు
అక్షరజ్ఞానమెఱుగదో యాంధ్రజాతి
విమల కృష్ణానదీ సైకతములయందు
కోకిలపుబాట పిచ్చుకగూండ్లు కట్టి
నేర్చుకొన్నది పూర్ణిమా నిశలయందు

Visvanatha sri satyanarayana

In this ModernTelugu literary functions of modern Andhra literature texts written in Extraordinarymanner the great poet Sri Satyanarayana great nationalist visvanadha; patriot.He wrote about the about the sacrifices made by Andhra heroes in many poems,dialects, written tracks.

aandhra pourushamu
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gOdAvarI pAvanOdAra vA@hpUra makhilabhAratamu mAdanna nADu
tungabhadrA samuttunga rAvamutODa kavulagAnamu SRti galayunADu
pennAnadI samutpanna kairavadaLa SrENilO tengu vAsinchunADu
kRshNA taranga nirNidragAnamutODa Silpamu toli pUja sEyuNADu
axaraj~nAnamer''ugadO yAndhrajAti
vimala kRshNAnadI saikatamulayandu
kOkilapubATa piccukagUnDlu kaTTi
nErchukonnadi pUrNimA niSalayandu

Song for Gandhi in telugu

2012-05-12T12:37:00.000-07:00

This song was written by Basava Raju Apparao on the occasion of Independence day in remembrance of Mahatma Gandhi

మా గాంధి

స్వర్గియ్య బసవ రాజు అప్పరావు

(1894 - 1933)

భారత స్వాతంత్ర్యోద్యమ సందర్భంలో గాంధిగారి ముద్ర అన్ని దేశభాష సాహిత్యాలమీద పడినది. ఆ రోజులలో గాంధిగారి మూర్తిని ప్రజలకు సాక్షాత్కరింపజేసిన గేయమిది. భావకవులలో ప్రముఖులైన బసవరాజు అప్పారావు గేయ రచనలలో నిపుణులు. ఈ గేయము ఆబాల గోపాలాన్ని ఆకర్షించినది.

కొల్లై గట్టితే నేమీ
మాగాంధి
కోమటై పుట్టితే నేమీ? ||కొల్లై||

వెన్న పూసా మనసు
కన్నతల్లి ప్రేమ
పండంటిమోముపై
బ్రహ్మ తేజస్సు ||కొల్లై||

నాల్గుపరకల పిలక
నాట్యమాడే పిలక
నాలుగూవేదాల
నాణ్యమెరిగిన పిలక ||కొల్లై||

బోసినోర్విప్పితే
ముత్యాల తొలకరే
చిరునవ్వు నవ్వితే
వరహాల వర్షమే ||కొల్లై||

చకచక నడిస్తేను
జగతి కంపించేను
పలుకు పలికీతేను
బ్రహ్మవక్కేను ||కొల్లై||

కౌశికుడు క్షత్రియుడు
కాలేద బ్రహ్మౠషి
నేడు కోమటి బిడ్డ
కూడ బ్రహ్మర్షియె ||కొల్లై||

-----బసవరాజు అప్పారావుగారు

kaanksha- Sree vedula satyanarayana

2012-05-05T12:17:00.000-07:00

శ్రీ వేదుల సత్యనారాయణ

కాంక్ష
********

ఈ సుమజన్మ మెట్లొ ఘటియిల్లెను నా
కొకనాటిపాటిదై, వాసన లీను సోయగము
పాయని తీయని పోడుముల్ క్షణంబో, సగమో
విచారపడబో, నైనన్ విడివడ్డ నాయెదన్
మోసులువారు నూతన మనోరధ,
మామనివేడి పొంగులన్.

పేదలరక్తమాసముల పెంపు వహించి
దయారసామ్రుతాస్వాద దరిద్రులైన ధనవంతుల
పెద్దరికమ్ముకై, మతోన్మాదము పెంచు దేవునికి
మారుగ నిల్చిన రాతిబొమ్మలం దూదరవోవు
పాడుబ్రదు, కొక్కనిమేషము సైప నాయెదన్.

నాకు తలంపు లేదు లలనాజనతా కబరీభరైక
భూషాకలనన్, సతీ మ్రుదుభుజాంతరతల్ప
కుచోపగూహ బిబ్బోకమునన్, వధూజన
కపోలగళఛ్ఛ్రవణా వసంత హేవాకమునన్
విలాసినుల పాపట చందురుకావిపూతలన్.

కానుకనై ధరాధిపుల కాళ్ళకడం
బొరలాడి వాడిపోలేను, ధరాపరాగపటలీ
మలిన్మగు ద్వారతోరణా స్థానమునం
దురింబడగజాలను, దోసిటపేరి ఘోర కారా
నరకమ్మునం దుసురు రాల్పగలేను నిమేషరక్తికై.

టేనెలకోసమై కొదమతేటులదాటు లొనర్చు
న్రుత్యగీతానునయమ్ముగాని, మలయానిలుకౌగిట
బుల్కరించు సౌఖ్యానుభవమ్ముగాని
తరుణారుణరాగకదుష్ణుచుంబన శ్రీ
నవకమ్ముగాని, పరిత్రుప్తి యొసంగదు
నాకొకింతయున్.

నీచదాస్యవ్రుత్తి మననేరని శూరత
మాత్రుదేశ సేవాచరణమ్మునం
దసువు లర్పణ సేసినవారి పార్ధివశ్రీ
చెలువారుచోట, తదస్రుగ్రుచులన్ వికసించి,
వాసనల్ వీచుచు రాలిపోవగవలెం
తదుడ్త్త సమాధి మ్రుతికన్.-------

kaanksha

Sree vEdula satyanaaraayaNa

kaanksha
********

ii sumajanma meTlo GaTiyillenu na'
kokana'Tipa'Tidai, va'sana liinu sOyagamu
pa'yani tiiyani pODumul kshaNambO, sagamO
vica'rapaDabO, nainan viDivaDDa na'yedan
mOsuluva'ru nootana manOradha,
ma'manivEDi pongulan.

pEdalaraktama'samula pempu vahinci
daya'rasa'mruta'sva'da daridrulaina dhanavantula
peddarikammukai, matOnma'damu pencu dEvuniki
ma'ruga nilcina ra'tibommalam doodaravOvu
pa'Dubradu, kokkanimEshamu saipa na'yedan.

na'ku talampu lEdu lalana'janata' kabariiBaraika
Boosha'kalanan, satii mruduBuja'mtaratalpa
kucOpagooha bibbOkamunan, vadhoojana
kapOlagaLaCCravaNa' vasamta hEva'kamunan
vila'sinula pa'paTa canduruka'vipootalan.

ka'nukanai dhara'dhipula ka'LLakaDam
borala'Di va'DipOlEnu, dhara'para'gapaTalii
malinmagu dva'ratOraNa' stha'namunam
durimbaDagaja'lanu, dOsiTapEri GOra ka'ra'
narakammunam dusuru ra'lpagalEnu nimEsharaktikai.

TEnelakOsamai kodamatETulada'Tu lonarcu
nrutyagiita'nunayammuga'ni, malaya'nilukougiTa
bulkarincu souKya'nuBavammuga'ni
taruNa'ruNara'gakadushNucumbana Srii
navakammuga'ni, paritrupti yosamgadu
na'kokintayun.

niicada'syavrutti mananErani Soorata
ma'trudESa sEva'caraNammunam
dasuvu larpaNa sEsinava'ri pa'rdhivaSrii
celuva'rucOTa, tadasrugruculan vikasinci,
va'sanal viicucu ra'lipOvagavalem
tadud'tta sama'dhi mrutikan.-------

Languages of Andhra Pradesh

2012-05-03T02:25:00.000-07:00

The main languages spoken in Andhra Pradesh are Telugu, Urdu, Hindi, Banjara, and English followed by Tamil, Kannada, Marathi and Oriya. Telugu is the principal and official language of the State. It was also referred to as `Tenugu' in the past. `Andhra' is the name given to it since the medieval times. Some argued that `Telugu' was a corruption of `Trilinga' (Sanskrit meaning three `lingas'). A general description of the land of the Telugus was made in the medieval times as `the land marked by three lingas of the three famous shrines of Draksharamam (East Godavari district), Kaleswaram (Karimnagar district) and Srisailam (Kurnool district).

Telugu is the most widely spoken language of the Dravidian family which consists of 24 languages spanning the entire South-Asia, from Baluchistan to Sri Lanka. In terms of population, Telugu ranks second to Hindi among the Indian languages. According to the 1981* Census, Telugu is spoken by over 45 million in Andhra Pradesh. It has also spread to the other parts of the globe, i.e., Burma, Indo-China, South-Africa and the U.S.A. Being a mellifluous language, it is called, by its admirers as the `Italian of the East'.

Its vocabulary is very much influenced by Sanskrit. In the course of time, some Sanskrit expressions used in Telugu got so naturalised that people regarded them as pure Telugu words. Some Kannada and Tamil words were also taken into Telugu but they did not gain much currency.

With the advent of the Muslim rule, several Persian and Arabic words entered into the Telugu language. But they were confined to the spoken language and to the language of the judiciary and the executive. The influence of Persian and Arabic is discernible to a considerable extent in the languages spoken in Telangana due to its long association with the Muslim rule. There is also a great element of English words in the vocabulary of Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema because these regions were directly under the British rule for nearly a century and a half.

The evolution of Telugu can be traced through centuries in terms of its form as well as its function. Although culturally Telugu is close to its southern neighbours -- Tamil and Kannada -- genetically, it is closer to its northern neighbours -- Gondi, Konda, Kui, Kuvi, Pengo and Manda. There is evidence to show that these languages were freely borrowed from Telugu even from the prehistoric period whereas borrowing between Telugu and Tamil and Kannada has been mostly during the historic period, i.e., post-5th century B.C.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

*Language-wise population figures of 1991 Census have not yet been released by the Census Department.

It is possible to identify broadly four stages in the history of the Telugu language.

(1) B.C. 200 -- A.D. 500

(2) A.D. 500--A.D.1100

Qutb Shahi Tombs , Hyderabad

2012-05-02T11:58:00.001-07:00

Where in the world you find many tombs in one place as here. You will find 20 tombs of a royal dynasty of qutb shahis at one place, these tombs are famous as 'Seven Tombs'. These tombs erected in memory of the departed kings of Golconda are truly magnificent monuments that have stood the test of time and the vagaries of nature. These imposing marvels of architectural excellence stand as solemn reminders of the grandeur and glory of Golconda and the great kings who are buried here.

These tombs mark a unique architectural style which is a mixture of Persian, Pathan and Hindu forms. The arcades on all the sides and the pointed arches add to their beauty and grace. Situated 1 kilometre away from Golconda fort.

Himalaya Ottunga Srungam by Adavi Bapi Raju (1895-1952) ఆదవి బాపి రాజు

2012-05-01T12:03:00.000-07:00

Adavi Bapi Raju

(1895-1952)

ఆదవి బాపి రాజు

Telugu

English Lipi

హిమాలయోత్తుంగ శ్రుంగం నీ బ్రతుకు
ఉమాపతీ న్రుత్యరంగం
దేశాల వాంఛలు
ఆశా హ్రుదయములు
నేలొదిలి పోలేని
శీతల తలాలలో
జీమూత పంక్తికై
వ్యోమ వర్త్మము చొచ్చి ఓసామి; ||హిమాల||

సర్వ పధ జన కోట్లు
సాగి యాత్రార్ధులై
జన్మలు పవిత్రమై
చదువులొంద
స్నాతులగు
సంగమానికి చేరు
నీ కళ్ళ తళతళలు
నీ మాట పాటలు
నీ నవ్వు రసములు
వేణీత్రయమ్మౌతు
నీ నుండి వెడలెరా
అది మహా సత్యమ్ము ||హిమాల||

శిల్ప సూత్రార్ధాలు
తెల్పు సౌందర్యాలు
స్వల్పమై మూర్తిలో
దేశ దేశాల
అశాంతాల
వెలిగిస్తూ
నీ బోసి నవ్వులో
నీ స్రుష్టి వాక్కులో
నీ కన్ను జంటలో
రేకలు తిరుగుతూ మహాత్మా;
లోకమోహనమయ్యె
హిమాలయోత్తుంగ శ్రుంగం నీ బ్రతుకు
ఉమాపతీ న్రుత్యరంగం

himaalayOttunga Srungam nii bratuku
umaapatii nrutyarangam
dESaala vaanCalu
aaSaa hrudayamulu
nElodili pOlEni
Siitala talaalalO
jiimoota panktikai
vyOma vartmamu cocci Osaami; ||himaala||

sarva padha jana kOTlu
saagi yaatraardhulai
janmalu pavitramai
caduvulonda
snaatulagu
sangamaaniki cEru
nii kaLLa taLataLalu
nii maaTa paaTalu
nii navvu rasamulu
vENiitrayammoutu
nii nunDi veDaleraa
adi mahaa satyammu ||himaala||

Silpa sootraardhaalu
telpu soundaryaalu
svalpamai moortilO
dESa dESaala
aSaantaala
veligistoo
nii bOsi navvulO
nii srushTi vaakkulO
nii kannu janTalO
rEkalu tirugutoo mahaatmaa;
lOkamOhanamayye
himaalayOttunga Srungam nii bratuku
umaapatii nrutyarangam

Bammera Potana బమ్మెర పొతన్న

2012-05-01T11:30:00.000-07:00

Bammera Potana (1450-1510) was born in Bammera, a village twenty miles away from Warangal, into a Niyogi Brahmin family. His father was Kesanna and his mother was Lakkasanamma. He was considered to be a natural scholar (sahaja panditha) without a teacher. Potana was a very polite gentleman. He was an agriculturist by occupation. Though he was a great scholar, he never hesitated to work in the agricultural fields.

At an early age he wrote ‘Bhogini Dandakam’ a poem wrote in praise of king Sri Singa Bhoopala’s concubine Bhogini. This was his first poetic venture which had the seeds of his great poetic talents. His second work was "Virabhadhra Vijayamu" which describes the adventures of Lord Virabhadhra, son of Lord Shiva. The main theme was the destruction of a yagna performed in absence of Lord Shiva by Daksha Prajapathi.

As a young man, he was a devotee of Lord Shiva. Later, Potana became a devotee of Lord Rama and more interested in salvation. His conversion from Shaivism to Vaishnavism was triggered by an incident. One early morning during a lunar eclipse, on the banks of river Godavari, Potana was meditating on Lord Shiva. At that auspicious moment, Lord Rama appeared dressed like a king and requested Potana to translate Bhagavatam into Telugu and dedicate it to him. This inspired him to translate Vyasa’s Sanskrit Bhagavatam into Telugu.

The king of Warangal, Sarvajna Singa Bhoopala, wanted Potana to dedicate ‘Andhra Maha Bhagavatamu’ to him. But, Potana refused to obey the king’s orders and dedicated the Bhagavathamu to Lord Rama, whom he worshipped with great devotion. It is said that Potana remarked, ‘it is better to dedicate the work to the supreme Lord Vishnu than dedicate it to the mortal kings.’ He was of opinion that poetry was a divine gift and it should be utilized for salvation by devoting it to the God.

He was quite fond of using rhythm and repetition of sounds giving a majestic grace to the style of writing. He was very skilful in using alankaras (figures of speech) like similes and metaphors. Potana imparted the knowledge of the divine to the Telugu people along with lessons in ethics and politics through Andhra Maha Bhagavatamu.

Even illiterate Telugus readily quote verses from chapters 'Gajendra Mokshamu' and 'Prahlada Charitra' of his work, ‘Andhra Maha Bhagavathamu,’ the crown jewel of Telugu literature. Andhra people are greatly indebted to the most beloved poet Bammera Potana.

After performing ablutions Potana was in meditation. Sri Rama appeared and ordained him to write ‘Bhagavata’. Essentially an agriculturist poet Potana wrote ‘Andhra Maha Bhagavata’ in a mellifluous style. Bhagavatha is very popular in Andhra Desa. It is not an exaggeration to state that there is no person on telugu land who doesn’t know a single stanza from bhagavata

Mahaprasthanam' by SriSri మహాప్రస్థన్నం శ్రిశ్రి

2012-04-30T11:25:00.000-07:00

మహాప్రస్థన్నం

మరొ ప్రపంచం

మరొ ప్రపంచం పిలిచింది !

పదండి ముందుకు,

పదండి త్రొసుకు,

పొదాం, పొదాం, పై పైకి!

కధం త్రొక్కుతు,

పాధం పాధుథు,

హ్రుదంతరాలం ఘర్జిస్తు-

పదండి పొదాం,

వినబడలేధా

మరొ ప్రపంచపు జలపాతం ?

దారిపొడుగునా ఘుండె నెత్తురులు ,

తర్పణ చెస్తు పదండి ముందుకు!

బాతలు నడిచి,

పెటలు గడిచి,

కొటలన్నిటిని దాతండి!

నది నదాలు,

అడవులు ఖొండలు,

ఎడరులా మనకడ్డంకి?

పదండి ముందుకు!

పదండి త్రొసుకు!

పొదాం, పొదాం పై పైకి!

ఎముకులు క్రుళ్ళిన,

వయసు మళ్ళిన,

సొమరులార చావండి!

నెత్తురుమండె ,

శక్తులు నిండె,

శైనుకులార! రరండి!

"హరొం హరొం హర!

హర! హర! హర! హర!

హరొం హర" అనికదలండి!

మరొ ప్రపంచం,

మహా ప్రపంచం,

ధరిత్రినిండ నిండిండి!

పదండి ముందుకు!

పదండి త్రొసుకు!

ప్రభంజనం వలె హొరెత్తింది!

భావవెగుమున ప్రసారించండి!

వర్షకభ్రముల ప్రళయఘొషవలె

ఫెళ ఫెళ ఫెళ ఫెళ విరుచుకు పదండి!

పదండి,

పదండి ముందుకు!

కనపడలెద మరొ ప్రపంచపు

కనకన మండె త్రెతాగ్ని ?

ఎగిరి ఎగిరి ఎగిరి పడుతున్నాయి,

ఎనభై లక్షల మెరువులు!

తిరిగి తిరిగి తిరిగి సముద్రాల,

జలప్రళయ నాట్యం చెస్తున్నాయి!

సల సల క్రాగె చముర కాదిది,

ఉష్న రక్త కాసారం!

సివసముద్రము,

నయగరవలె,

ఉరకండి! ఉరకండి ముందుకు!

పదండి ముందుకు!

పదండి త్రొసుకు!

మరొ ప్రపంచపు కంచు నగారా.

విరామమెరుగుక మ్రొగింది!

ట్రాచులవలెను,

రెచులవలెను,

ధనంజయునిల సాగండి.

కనబడలెద మరొప్రపంచపు

అగ్నికిరీటపు ధగధగలు,

ఎర్రబవుట నిగనిగలు,

హొమజ్వాలల భుగభుగలు ?

Maha Prasthanam

Maro prapancham,

Maro prapancham pilichindi!

padanDi munduku,

padanDi trosuku,

podaam, podaam, pai paiki!

kadam trokkutu,

padam paaDutu,

hrudamtaraalam Garjistu-

padanDi podaam,

vinabaDaleda

maro prapanchapu jalapaatam ?

daaripoDugunaa GumDe Netturulu,

tarpaNa chestu padanDi munduku!

baatalu naDichi,

peTalu gaDichi,

koTalanniTini daatanDi!

nadi nadaalu,

aDavulu KonDalu,

eDarulaa manakaDDamki?

padanDi munduku!

padanDi trosuku!

podaam, podaam pai paiki!

emukulu kruLLina,

vayasu maLLina,

somarulaara chaavanDi!

NetturumanDe,

Saktulu ninDe,

Sainukulaara! raranDi!

"harom harom hara!

hara! hara! hara! hara!

Harom hara" anikadalamDi!

MAHAPRASTHANAM (CONT'D)

maro prapancham,

mahaa prapancham,

dharitrininDa ninDimDi!

padanDi munduku!

padanDi trosuku!

prabhanjanam vale horettindi!

bhaavavegumuna prasaarinchanDi!

varshakabhramula praLayaghoshavale

PheLa PheLa PheLa PheLa viruchuku padanDi!

padanDi,

padanDi munduku!

kanapaDaleda maro prapanchapu

kanakana manDe tretaagni ?

egiri egiri egiri paDutunnaayi,

enabhai lakshala meruvulu!

tirigi tirigi tirigi samudraala,

jalapraLaya naaTyam chestunnaayi!

sala sala kraage chamura kaadidi,

ushna rakta kaasaaram!

sivasamudramu,

nayagaravale,

urakamDi! urakamDi munduku!

padanDi munduku!

padanDi trosuku!

maro prapanchapu kamchu nagaaraa.

viraamameruguka mrogindi!

Traachulavalenu,

rechulavalenu,

dhananjayunila saaganDi.

kanabaDaleda maroprapanchapu

agnikiriiTapu dhagadhagalu,

errabavuTa niganigalu,

homajvaalala bhugabhugalu ?

Andhra Pradesh Tourism

2012-04-30T05:06:00.000-07:00

Andhra Pradesh has a rich cultural heritage and diversity of tourist attractions. In Andhra Pradesh, including valleys,hill ranges,wild life Sanctuaries, graphics hills, forests, beaches and temples. Even as the city of Nizam and the city of pearls called, Hyderabad is today one of the most developed cities and a modern information technology, biotechnology, and ITES,SEZ. Hyderabad is famous for its history, rich culture and architecture representing its unique character is known as a meeting point for North and South India, the cultural and multilingual.
Andhra Pradesh is home to many centers of religious pilgrimage. Tirupati, the abode of Lord Venkateswara, is the center of the richest and most visited religious (faith) in the world. Srisailam, the residence of Sri Mallikarjuna, is one of the twelve Jyothirlingalu in India, Amaravati's Siva temple one of the best Pancharamams Yadagirigutta the house of an idol of Vishnu, Sri Lakshmi Narasimha. Ramappa temple and thousands of the pillars of the temple in Warangal are famous for some fine temple carvings,these temples resemble the architecture of the famous kakatiya dynasty. The state has numerous Buddhist centers at Amaravati, the famous Nagarjuna univiersity which has a great recognition all around the world , Nagarjuna Konda, Bhattiprolu, Ghantasala, Nelakondapalli, Dhulikatta, Bavikonda, Thotlakonda, Shalihundam, Pavuralakonda and Sankaram Phanigiri Kolanpaka.
In the Bay of bengal lies Visakhapatnam,The city of destiny a place where the historic Andhra University,Rk Beach,Rushikonda,Yarada beaches are situatedVisakhapatnam is home to tourist attractions like the Museum of submarine INS Karasura (unique of its kind in India), Vuda Indira Gandhi Park Zoo, a cave with stalactites Borra, picturesque Araku Valley, near a hill of Horsley Hills, Godavari river pride of Andhra Pradeshe we find Badhrachalam on the banks, the Papi Kondalu, Ettipotala waterfalls and rich biological diversity Kuntala Talakona among the natural attractions the country. . Weather in Andhra Pradesh are mostly tropical and the best time to visit is from November to January. The rainy season begins in June and ends in September, to travel, would not be appropriate during this period. It is also worth visiting, the only Indian Buddhism to Theme Park Hotels & Resorts in Vijayawada - Guntur road - Agri Gold Land Shark,The Best hotels and Places in and around Visakhapatnam and Hyderabad

Evolution of Telugu Language

2012-04-30T02:28:00.000-07:00

By Etukoori Balaraama Moorti in Andhra Samkshipta Charitra
English translation : PALANA

Andhra was originally the name of a tribe. This tribe was a nomadic one and the hills and rivers adjacent to the habitat of this tribe were named after the tribe - Andhra. Gradually the area where this tribe settled was called "Andhra". There is a valley near Bombay called the "Andhra Valley". There is a small river in Maharashtra called "Andri" (anDri). A subriver of Tungabhadra is also called "Handri" (handri). During 220 AD the word "Andhrapathamu" was used in the inscriptions in Ballari district. This is the evolutionary sequence of the word "Andhra". The language spoken by Andhras was given the name "Andhra Bhasha" finally.

Different tribes used to speak different languages (dialects). The tribes of Andhra such as Dravida, Yaksha, and Naga spoke "Telugu" or "Tenugu". Andhras from North India used to speak another language called "Desi".

Telugu belongs to the family of Dravidian languages. Telugu has resemblances (close) with Tamil, Kannada, and Tulu. Basic vocabulary, verbs, sentence synthesis, and grammar dictate the architecture of the language (any language). Even till today, the basic vocabulary in Telugu language is intact. "amma", "akka", "ceTTu", "puTTa", "niiru", "pa'mu", "tElu", "ga'li" - these were the words the ancient Telugu man used while started saying for the first time. "tinu", "koTTu", "tiTTu", "naDu", "koorcO", "veLLu", "ra'" - these are the most ancient verbs. These ancient words share resemblances with some words in Tamil and Kannada.

  TELUGU                   TAMIL                  KANNADA
  -----------------------------------------------------------
  tala                      talai                  tale
  nela                      nila                   nila'
  puli                      puli                   puli, huli
  Uru                       Ur                     Ur
  magava'Du                 magas                  magan
  uppu                      uppu                   uppu
  pappu                     parupu                 papu
  paTTi                     paRRu                  paDe
  ekku                      ERu                    ERu
  -----------------------------------------------------------

The nominative case (karta), object of a verb (karma) and the verb are some what in a sequence in Telugu sentence construction. The same trend (pattern) is seen in other Dravidian languages. Sanskrit does not follow this rule. "Vibhakti" (case of a noun) and "pratyayamulu" (an affix to roots and words forming derivs. and inflections) depict the ancient nature and progression of the language. The "Vibhaktis" of Telugu language "Du, mu, vu, lu" etc are different from those in Sanskrit and have been in the usage for a long time. Based on these above features, linguists unanimously classify Telugu language as a member of the Dravidian languages.

Satavahana kings' official language was "Prakrut". Prakrut was also the language used by kings those days - Royal Language. For the first time Telugu words can be observed in the Ikshavakula inscriptions after Satavahana's rule. The Nagarjuna Hill inscriptions of 250 AD contain Telugu words like "na'gamna", "viiramna", and "maha'talavara". "talavara" is a Telugu word in "maha'talavara". "tala'ri" or "talavara" means "gra'ma'dhika'ri" (head of the village or town). In Tamil, "talaiva'r" means "pedda adhipati" (big boss). This Telugu word was combined with a Sanskrit word "maha'". Telugu language spoken by people contains some original words and some sanskritized words (as in inscriptions). People those days used to speak Telugu and rulers spoke Prakrut. The following is from the inscriptions of Pallava King, Sivaskandavarma:

"ka'nciipuratO yuvamaha ra'jO Ba'rada'yasa gotto palava'nam navaKandavammO dharmaKDe va'ptam a'napayati. andhapatiiyaga'mO..... viriparam amhEhi Udaka'dim sampadato Etasa ga'mana virivarasa nava bamhadEya pariha'lO vitarama."

The meaning of the above inscription: The Viripara (Epparru) village of Andhra is being donated by Sivaskandavarma.

The inscription of Chalkya Jayasimha Vallabha (in Telugu) is the following:

"jayasimhavallaBa maha'ra'ju la'kun pravardhama'na vijayara'jya samvatsarambuLa - eNumbOdi anmENNa ammin pooNNamana'NNum mla'vinDi ra'jula muTlu kalimuDira'jul mla'vinDi samudrarakai na'ku baNisEsina kalci viiRuruRla maddi kadu mooTiki vitaRti Uttarambuna pulOmbuna CeRuvu paDuma'Ri kOTan eRRumBOdi puTlu aRla paTTu sEnuta'Rii tOmTa la'yu paDuva'rambu icciri."

The above two inscriptions depict the differences between Telugu and Prakrut languages.

The ancient inscriptions contain the names of villages ending in a word "Uru" e.g. "kooDoorE", "ELoorE". The word "Uru" is close to the word "Ur" in the Southern languages. "Elooru" is the other name for "ELoorE". "kODooru" in Krishna District is the other name for "kooDoorE". These village names confirm the relationship of the Telugu with the Dravidian languages.

Telugu language spoken by the Dravidians, Yakshas, and the Nagas was influenced by Desi, Sanskrit, and Prakrut. Sanskrit and Prakrut belong to the same group. Literary language is Sanskrit and spoken one is Prakrut. There is no difference in basic vocabulary or style of sentence construction among Sanskrit and Prakrut. The preachers of Buddhism wrote their books in Prakrut for easy understanding. The language of Andhra was not Prakrut. While writing Bruhatkadha, Gunadya said the following:

"samskruta, pra'kruta, dESi Ba'sha lanu parityajimci nEnu paiSaci Ba'shalO bruhatkadhanu vra'stunna'nu."

Till today, languages called "bra'huyi" in Beloochisthan and "ka'nDu" "ma'rTu", "Oreya'n" in Vindhya exist. These languages belong to family of Dravidian languages. Dravidians inhabited North India prior to Aryan aggression. On the banks of river Sindhu, Aryans created the Harappa and Mahenjadaro cultures. Eventhough Dravidians came and settled in South India, their relatives (some tribes) still remained in the North India. Their languages belong to the family of Dravidian languages. "Papai" in Afganisthan, "shiina" in Kashmir, and "bra'huyi" in Beloocisthan share similarities (resemblances) with Dravidian languages. All these languages are classified in "Dardik Class" of languages by linguistics experts.

"dESi" of Andhras belongs to this class of languages (Dardik). Before settlement in South India, Andhras lived in the Vindhya for some time. Hill tribes of Vindhyas still speak Dravidian languages like "ka'nDu", "ma'rTu", and "oriya'n". Before arriving at the banks of Ganges and Jamuna, Andhras might have visited Beloochisthan, Afganisthan, and Kashmir. This is what historians propose.

Paisachi is an offshoot of Desi. What was the nationality of Gunadya? Was he a Kashmiri or Nepali or an Andhra? This is a debate among historians and linguistics experts. Desi was the ancient language of Kashmiris and Nepalis.

Andhras' Desi Tenugu and Telugu of Nagas and Yakshas combined together into one language. Both belong to the Dardik class of Dravidian languages. That is the reason why this alliance between these two languages was possible.

Linguistics experts showed that languages belonging to the same class can combine into one and languages belonging to different classes eventhough can survive in hormony, the strongest language survives and the weaker one dies. Languages belonging to two different classes can not combine.

The history of Telugu language offers a nice example for the above statement. For about 500-600 years during the Satavahana's rule, Prakrut was used as the royal language in Andhra. Tadbhavas from Prakrut infiltrated the Telugu language. But Telugu did not die. Telugu incorporated the required words from Prakrut and discarded the rest. Guptas of North India and Pallavas of South India fought battles in 400-500 AD. These battles killed the royal language, Prakrut. Finally, Prakrut rested in the Buddhism books in Tibet. Following, Sanskrit influenced Telugu of Andhras for about 500 years. During 1000-1100 AD, Nannaya's Telugu in Bharatam, Telugu in several inscriptions, Telugu in poetry reestablished its roots and dominated over the royal language, Sanskrit. Telugu absorbed the Tatsamas from Sanskrit only. The marriage between "Desi" and "Telugu" was possible.

Words like "Telugu", "Tenugu", and "Andhramu" were used in several instances in the "Tenugu Bharatam" written in 1050 AD. The name for a tribe is "Andhra" which is also used to call the language that had evolved over 1000 years. "Andhrulu", "Andhradesam", "Teluguvaru", "Telugudesam", "Tenugudesam", and "Tenugu Bhasha" are used as synonyms.

Vemana sookti mutkaavali వేమణ సూక్థీ ముక్థావల్లి

2012-04-29T11:05:00.000-07:00

1)   agnicEtabaTTi yaa paramESuni
     nimdacEsi narulu niirukaare?
     dakshu kratavulOni tallaDameRugaraa?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

2)   amtaramgamamdu naparaadhamulu cEsi
     mamcivaanivalene manujuDumDu
     itaru leRugakunna niiSvaruDeRugaDaa?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

3)   amtaraatmaganaka yalpabudhdhulatODa
     melageDu janulella mEdinipayi
     yamuni narakamunaku narugamga saakshyamu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

4)   adhikuDaina raa jokalpuni jEpaTTa
     vaanimaaTa cellu vasudhalOna
     gaNaku loppiyunna gavvalu cellavaa?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

5)   inumu viRigenEni yinumaaRu mummaaRu
     kaaci yatukanErcu gammariiDu
     manasu viRiginEni maRiyamTa nErcunaa?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

6)   emta sEvacEsi yEpaaTu paDinanu
     raacamooka nammaraaduranna
     paamutODipomdu padivElakainanu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

7)   eddukanna dunna yElaagu takkuva?
     vivarameRigi cooDu vruttiyamdu
     nErpulEnivaani neRayOdhuDamduraa?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

8)   okari nOrukoTTi yokaru Bakshimcina
     vaani nOru mitti varusagoTTu
     cEpapimDu bedda cEpalu campunu
     cEpalanni januDu campu vEma.

9)   kalla nijamujEsi kapaTaBaavamujEmdi
     pralladambulaaDu BaktilEka
     maayalaaDuKaluDu mahitaatmusaaTiyaa?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

10)   guRRamunaku dagina guRutaina routunna
     guRRamulu naDacu guRutugaanu
     gurtu durjanulaku guNamu liTlumDuraa
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

11) eDDevaaniki gurutOrci ceppinagaani
     teliyabaDune yaatma delivilEka
     ceDDa koDuku tamDri ceppina vinaDayaa
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

12) kamDa cakkeRayunu galiya baalpOsina
     taRimi paamu tannudaakugaade
     kapaTamunnavaani ganpeTTavale sumii
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

13) kaliyugambunamdu Ganataku naicyamu
     Ganata naicyamunaku galugucumDu
     Sradhdha BaktuluDigi janulumdru kaavuna
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma

14) kallukumDakenni GanaBooshaNamu liDDa
     amdulOni kampu cimduliDade?
     tulava padavigonna doli guNamEmagu?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

15) kaanivaanitODagalasi melamgina
     haanivaccu nemtavaanikaina
     kaakigooDi hamsa kashTambu pomdadaa?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

16) kooLa kooLLumEyu guNamamta ceDanaaDi
     neTTivaaru meccaraTTivaani
     koyyadoolamunaku gudurunaa ~naanambu?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

17) kaipumiiRuvELa gaDakujEragaraadu
     anuvudappi maaTalaaDaraadu
     samayameRuganataDu sarasumDukaaDayaa?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

18) komDaguhalanunna gOvelamdunna
     memDugaanu boodi mettiyunna
     dushTabudhdhulakunu durbudhdhi maanunaa?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

19) kOtibaTTi tecci krottapuTTamugaTTi
     komDamrucculella golicinaTlu
     niitihiinunodda nirBaagyulumduru
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

20) gamgapaaRucumDa gadalani gatitODa
     muRikivaagu paaRu mrOtatODa
     adhikuDorcunaTTu ladhamuDOrvagalEDu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

21) caduvulanni cadivi caalavivEkiyai
     kalushacittuDaina Kaluni guNamu
     daaligumTagukka talacina camdamou
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

22) campagooDa deTTi jamtuvunainanu
     campavalayu lOkaSatruguNamu
     tElukomDigoTTa dElEmicEyuraa
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

23) Cardhi puTTinapDu saapaDasaipadu
     naatiganna yapDu niiti tagadu
     cETu mooDinapuDu maaTalu tOcavu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

24) Takkarulanu gooDi yokka sakkemulaaDa
     nikkamaina Ganuni niiticeDunu
     ullitOTa berugu mallemokkakaraNi
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

25) Demdamamdu dalacu depparameppuDu
     nOrvalEnihiinu DorunikaTTe
     tanaku mooDusummi tappadeppaTikaina
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

26) tanakugalugu pekku tappulaTumDagaa
     parulanErucumDu naruDu teliya
     DoDaleRumga Danucu notti ceppamgavaccu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

27) tanara nrupatitODa daga durjanunitODa
     agnitODa baruni yaalitODa
     haasyamaaDuTella nagunu praaNaamtamu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

28) tElukumDunu teliyagomDi vishambu
     PaNikinumDu vishamu pamDlayamdu
     telivilEni vaamDra dEhamella vishambu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

29) daasarayya tappu damDambutO sari
     mOsamEdi tannu mumcukunna?
     niicuDai ceDunaTu niicula nammina
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

30) dumDagiiDu koDuku komDiiDu celikaaDu
     bamDaraajunakunu baDugumamtri
     komDamuccunakunu kOtiye sariyagu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.




31) dushTajanulu miiRi tumTaripanulanu
     SishTakaaryamuluga jEyucumdru
     kooDadaneDuvaari gooDa nimdimturu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

32) dooradrushTiganaru toogidanukanu
     baarupaTTeRugau paDinadanuka
     damDasaadhyularaya dharmasaadhyulukaaru
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

33) nErani janulakunu nEramul nErpucu
     cakkacEyarila nasaadhulepuDu
     oppu durjanamulu tappaganemturu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

34) nosalu battuDayye nOru tODElayye
     manasu Bootamuvale malayagaanu
     Sivuni gaamtu nanucu siggElagaaduraa?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

35) parulu caduvajooci nirasanabudhdhitO
     vaTTimaaTalaaDu vadarubOtu
     aTTi Kaluni jaaDalarayuTa dOsamu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

36) paalu pamcadaara paaparapamDlalO
     caalabOsi vamDa javikiraavu
     kuTilamaanavulaku guNamEla kalguraa?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

37) biDiya mimtalEka peddanu nEnamcu
     bomkamulanu balku samkaThunaku
     eccu kalugadicaTa jaccina raadaTa
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

38) maaTalaaDu TokaTi manasulO nokkaTi
     oDaliguNa madokaTi naData yokaTi
     eTlukalugu mukti yiTTulumDaga taanu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

39) mushTi vEpaceTTu modalugaa brajalaku
     paraga moolikalaku banikivaccu
     nirdayumDu KaluDu niicuDemdulakagu?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

40) rEgupuccakaaya rEyella dannina
     muraga damtakamta perugugaani
     orulu Ciiyannanu nOgu siggeRugunaa?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.




41) vampukaRRagaaci vampu tiircagavaccu
     komDalanni pimDigoTTavaccu
     kaThinacittu manasu karagimparaadu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

42) vaakku SudhdhilEni vainadamDaalu
     prEma kaliginaTTu peTTanEla?
     nosaTa battijoopu nOru tODElayaa
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

43) emta caduvu cadivi yenni nErcinagaani
     hiinuDavaguNambu maanalEDu
     boggu paalagaDuga bOvunaa malinambu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

44) vEmu baalupOsi vEyEmDlu pemcina
     jEdu viDici tiipi jemdabOdu
     Ogu guNamu viDici yucita~nuDagu neTlu?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

45) vERu purugucEri vrukshambu jeRucunu
     ciiDapurugucEri ceTTujeRucu
     kuccitumDu cEri guNavamtu jerucuraa
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

46) saaravidyalamdu saraNi deliyalEka
     dooramamdu jEru durjanumDu
     paramudeliya nataDu Baava~nuDeTlagu?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

47) aBijaatyamunane yaayuvunnamtaku
     dirugucumDru Bramala deliyalEka
     muriki BaamDamunanu musaruniigalariiti
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

48) ihamunamdubuTTi imgita meRugani
     janula nemci cooDa sthaavaramulu
     jamgamaadulanuTa jagatini paapambu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

49) eDDedelpavaccu nEDaadikainanu
     mounidelpavaccu maasamunane
     moppedelparaadu muppadEmDlakunaina
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

50) elugutOlu tecci yennaaLLu nudikina
     nalupu nalupEkaani telupu kaadu
     koyyabommadecci koTTina palukunaa?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.


51) ounaTamcu nokkaDaaDina maaTaku
     kaadaTamcu baluka kshaNamu paTTu
     daani niluvadiiya daatalu digivaccu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.


52) oura!  yemtavaara lallari maanavul
     praBuvaina gElipaRatu renna
     daa degimcuvaaDu damDiyou BuvilOna
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.


53) kannulamdu madamu kappi kaanarugaani
     niruDu mumdaTEDu ninna monna
     dagdhulainavaaru tamakamTe takkuvaa?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

54) karmaguNamulanni kaDabeTTi naDuvami
     dattvameTlu tannu dagulukonunu?
     noone lEka divve noovula velgunaa?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

55) kasaru tinunu gaade pasarmbu leppuDu
     ceppinaTlu vinucujEyu banulu
     vaanisaaTiyaina maanavuDoppaDaa?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

56) kasavunu dinuvaaDu GanaPalambula ruci
     gaanalEDugaade vaaniyaTlu
     cinnacaduvulakunu minna~naanamuraadu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

57) Karamupaalu tecci kaaci cakkeRavEyu
     Bakshyamagune yenna BrashTuDaTle
     yemta ceppi civaranesagina bosagunE?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

58) gaaDdemEnumiida gamDhambu poosina
     boodilOna baDacuboralu marala
     mOTuvaani sogasu mOstariyyadi sumii
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

59) gruDDuvacci pilla gOraDaalaaDina
     vidhamugaa neRugaka veRRijanulu
     ~naanulainavaari garhimtu rooraka
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

60) ceRaku tiipilEmi jettanaabaDunaTlu
     paraga guNamulEni pamDitumDu
     dooRapaDunugaade dOshamaTumDaga
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.


61) cadivi cadivi komta caduvamga caduvamga
     caduvucadivi yimkajaduvu cadivi
     caduvumarmamulanu caduvalEDayyenu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma

62) tagadu tagadaTamcu taguvaaru ceppina
     vinaDu moRaku ceDunu gonaku nijamu,
     munulu ceppu dharmamula miirnimtekaa
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

63) tannujooci yorulu tagameccavalenani
     sommuleRavudecci nemmimiiRa
     norulakorakutaane yubbucunumDunu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma

64) talli yunnayapuDe tanadu gaaraabamu
     laame pOva dannu naraya revaru
     mamcikaalamapuDe maryaada naarjimpu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma

65) tummaceTTu mumDlu tODanEpuTTunu
     vittulOnanumDi veDalunaTlu
     moorKunakunu budhdhi mumdugaabuTTunu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma

66) niiTilOni vraata niluvakayunnaTlu
     paaTijagatilEdu paramulEdu
     maaTimaaTikella maaRunu moorKumDu
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma

67) paamukanna lEdu paapishTi yagu jiivi
     yaTTi paamu ceppinaTTu vinunu
     ilanu moorKujeppa nevvari taramayaa
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma

68) poTlakaaya raayi poduga draaTanu gaTTa
     liilatODa vamka lEka perugu
     kukkatOkagaTTa gudurunaa cakkagaa?
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma

69) mamcivaaru lEru mahimiida vedakina
     kashTulemdaRaina galaru Buvini
     pasiDi lEdugaani padaDemta lEdayaa
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma

70) mraanu diddavaccu maRi vamkalEkumDa
     diddavaccu raayi tinnagaanu
     manasu diddaraadu mahimiida nevariki
     viSwadaaBiraama vinuravEma




71) amtaramga meRuga haruDounu guruDounu
     amtaramga meRuga naaryuDagunu
     amtaramga meRigi nataDepO SivayOgi
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

72) anala mimcukaina ganali mamDunugaani
     canuvugaani yoRuka maniki niDadu
     tanuvu maRacuvaaDe tattva~nuDagunayaa
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

73) caduvulanni cadivi caala vivEkiyou
     kapaTikennaDaina galademukti?
     nirmalaatmakunake niScalampu samaadhi
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

74) jakki nekki viidhijakkagaa veluvaDa
     gukka vinnivemTa kooyadoDagu
     Ganuna kOrvalEni kaapurushulu niTle
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

75) nEranannavaaDu neRajaaNa mahilOna
     nErtunannavaaDu vaartakaaDu
     UrakunnavaaDe yuttamOttamuDayaa
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

76) aatma tanalOna gamanimci yanudinambu
     nirguNaatmaarcanamujEsi nityamamra
     pratyagaatmanu lOnemci prabalyOgi
     saccidaanamda padamamdu satamu vEma.

77) imTilOni jyOti yemtayu velugagaa
     boruguvaari yaggi karugarepuDu
     taanu daivamaaye, daivamu golucunaa?
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

78) kastari naTu cooDa gaamti nallaga numDu
     parimaLimcu daani parimaLambu
     guruvulaina vaari guNamu liilaaguraa
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

79) kalusha maanasulaku gaanpimpa gaaraadu
     aDusu lOna Baanu DaDaginaTlu
     tETa niiru puNya dEha maTlumDuraa
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

80) maaTalaaDavaccu manasu delpagalEDu
     telupa vaccu dannu teliyalEDu
     suriyabaTTavaccu SooruDu kaalEDu
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

81) Ugiyoogi laagi yunnadi kanagOru
     saagalaagi paTTu saakshigaanu
     yOgamamara mukti nomdunu praa~numDu.
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma


82) kanaga sommu lenno kanakamba dokkaTi
     pasula vanne lenno paalokaTiye
     pushpajaatulenno pooja yokkaTe sumii.
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma


83) kalla guruDu gaTTu karmacayambulu
     madhya guruDu gaTTu mamtracayamu
     uttamumDu gaTTu yOga saamraajyambu.
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma


84) ceRaku tOTalOna jetta kuppumDina
     komcamaina daani guNamu ceDadu
     eRuka galugu cOTa neDDe vaaDunnaTlu.
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma


85) veRRivaani migula visigimpagaa raadu
     veRRivaani maaTa vinaga raadu
     veRRi kukka baTTi vETaaDagaa raadu
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma


86) alpabudhdhivaani kadhikaaramiccina
     doDDavaarinella tolagagoTTu
     cepputineDikukka ceRaku tiipeRuguna?
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.


87) alameRugu yOdhu Dalpuni jErina
     maarpucEta budhdhi marigi tirugu
     mraanumraanu tirugu markaTa riitini
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.


88) kamDa cakkeRayunu galiya baalpOsina
     taRimi paamu tannudaakugaade
     kapaTamunnavaani ganpaTTavale sumii
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.


89) kasinigalgi paapakarmula biiDimtu
     ralla praBulu yamuni yallaBaTulu
     vruScikambuganna viDuturE campaka
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.


90) kulamulO nokaDu guNahiinuDumDina
     (neTlO burra ceDinavaaDu nOTikoccinTlu PElina)
     kulamuceDunu vaani guNamuvalana
     (neT ceDunu vaani durguNamuvalana
     elami ceRakunamdu nennu puTTinayallu
     (ceDDavaani nOTiki virEcanamulu paTTIna, mamcivaari
     nOrulu mooyabaDunu.)
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma


91) kuLLubOtunodda gooDi maaTaaDina
     goppa mrmamulanu cepparaadu
     pEru tiirudelpa noorella muTTimcu
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.


92) komDamuccu pemDli kOtipEramTaalu
     momDivaani hituDu bamDavaaDu
     dumDagiiDunakunu komDeDu daLavaayi
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.


93) komDegaaDu caava gompavaakiTikini
     vaccipOdurimte vagapulEdu
     dooDa vagacune BuvidODElu caccina
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma


94) gaaDdeyEmeRumgu gamdhapuvaasana
     kukkayEmeRumgu goppakoddi
     alpuDEmeRumgu haruni golcu virakti
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

     (emta caduvu (degreelu) vunnanoo
     enni lakshala DOlarlu aarjimcinanoo
     alpunaku ~naanamanna rucimpadu, burrakekkdu.)


95) camdrunamtavaaDe Saapambu cEtanu
     kaLala hainyamamda galige gadara!
     puDami janulakella budhdhu liTlumDuraa.
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.


96) vaadamaaDaDepuDu varusa nevvaritODa
     jEraraaDu taanu cETudEDu
     ~naani yagucu budhuDuGanata bomdagajoocu
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
     vEmana racimcina padyaalu (striilapai)
     ii krimdanu samakoorcaDamainavi.
     iTulanE vEmanacE racimpabaDina jaatulapai, mataalapai, mOhaalapai
     padyaalu okacOTa tvaralO samakoorcabaDunu.
     ------------------------------------------------------------------------

     VEMANA and WOMEN
     ********************


120) valapu galigenEni vanajaakshi yadharambu
     pamcadaarakuppa paalakOva
     coota Palarasambu junnusamaanamu
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma

121) valapu tiirenEni vanajaakshi yadharambu
     mulaka pamTi gijaru mushTirasamu
     cimta pOmta yagunu jiiDi samaanamou
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma

122) roopulEni vanita rooDhi pativrata
     niiTu lEnivaaDu pOTu bamTu
     telupavaccu neTlu dEvaraBamTum
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma

123) mogamu joocinapuDe mOhambu Ganamounu
     dhanamu joocinapuDe tagulu manasu
     kooli nashTamaina gorunE koRagaami
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma

124) paccadanamu cooci iccanu kaamukul
     cicculO baDuduru kshititalamuna
     icca kalugajEyu heccugaa mOhambu
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma

125) pamkajaakshi ganna bamgaru boDaganna
     dimmapaTTiyumDu teliviyoppu
     manujulakunu tattva mahimeTlu kalguraa
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma

126) cakkeRa kalipi tinamgaa
     mukkina tavuDaina lessa mOhamu kadura
     nvekkuDu baanisayainan
     makkuva ganu divyaBaama mahilO vEmaa

127) kannela navalOkimpaga
     jannulapai drushTi paaRu sahajam bilalO
     kannula kimpagu drushTini
     tanneRuguTa muktikiravu tagunidi vEmaa

128) aalu ramBayaina natiSiilavatiyaina
     jaarapurushuDEla jaaDamaanu
     maalavaaDakukka maRagina viDucunaa
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma

129) vaarakaamtalella valapimci vatturu
     budhdhulella tolagabuccu koRaku
     maaTa rooDhigaaga magalella vatturu
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma

130) raajasambu cemdi ramaNula pomdaasa
     paDeDuvaaDu guruni praapeRugune
     viTula marugu yuvati viBuBakti yeRugunaa
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma

131) paDucu nooRakEla baaRacoocedarokko
     emta vaaralaina Braamti cemdi
     lOna miiRu kaamu lomgajEyagalEka
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma

132) paDati mOse nokaDu paDati mEse nokamDu
     paDati suramu jErci bratike nokaDu
     paDati koRake pekku paaTlanu baDirayaa
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma

     *****
     This article containing vEmana padyaalu from 132 to 166 is missing.
     If anyone saved, mail it ot nparinand@cas.org
     *****

166)  cadivi natani kanna caakaliyE mElu
     kulamu vElpu kanna kukka mElu
     sakala surala kanna jaaraBaamini mElu
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

167)  jamtra mamtra mahima jaatavEduDeRumgu
     mamtravaadi yeRugu damtra mahima
     tamtriNiika mahima dinuvaaDeRumgunu
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

168)  tagina kulajuDaina tana yettu dhanamaina
     parapurushuni nEla paTTa vaccu?
     parama saadhvi cooDa norula namTadu sumaa
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

169)  Jashamu niiru veDala jaccuTE siddhamu
     niiTa numDe nEni nikki paDunu
     amDa talagu neDala namdaRi pani yaTle
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

170)  janmamulanu maRiyu janniyala nanEka
     mula nonarciyunna Palamu kaana
     raaka yumDu niiti lEkunna maatraana
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

171)  Diikonamga dagadu Demda meRumgaka
     yaDuga vacci komta yanina vaani
     ceppunamta niniyu meppugaa balukumii
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

172)  tagavu tiircuvELa dharmambu dappina
     maanavumDu mukti maaniyumDu
     dharmamune palikina daivambu tODagu
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma

173)  iccakamu Buvi navaSyamu
     kuccita mihilOka nimda kOvidunaku nii
     taccanane haani vaccunu
     maccaramE tannu ceRacu mahilO vEmaa.

174)  nijamu laaDu vaani nimdimcu jagamella
     nijamu balkaraadu niicula kaDa
     nija mahaatmu gooDa nijamaaDa valayuraa
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

175)  niiti jyOtilEka nirmalambagu nEdi
     eTlu kalagu bara mademtayaina
     dhanamu galigiyunna daivambu galugadu
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

176)  pataka mamdu noppu palu ratnamula pempu
     bamgaramamdu koorpa baruvu ganunu
     gaani itaralOhamaina hiinamu gaade!
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

177)  paduguraaDu maaTa paaTiyai dharajellu
     nokkaDaaDu maaTa yokka demdu
     URakumDu vaani koorellu nOpadu
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma

178)  maala maala kaaDu mahi miida nEproddu
     maaTa tirugu vaaDe maala gaaka
     vaani maala yunna vaaDe pO penumaala
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.

179)  maaTalaaDavaccu manasu nilpagalEDu
     telupavaccu dannu teliyalEDu
     suriya baTTavaccu SooruDu kaalEDu
     viSvadaaBiraama vinuravEma.



180) Edi kulamu niiku?  nEdi sthalamburaa?
     paadukonumu madini pakvameRigi
     yaadarimcu daani navaliila muTTaraa
     viSvadaaBiraama vinura vEma.

181) tana kulagOtramu laakRuti
     tana sampada kalimi balimi tanakElanayaa?
     tana vemTa raavu nijamidi
     tana satyame tODavaccu danatO vEmaa.

182) narakulamuna daa buTTiyu
     narakulamuna daanu perigi naruDayyunu daa
     narakulamunu Cii Cii yani
     harakulamuna dirugunEni haruDau vEmaa.

183) Soodratanamu pOye SoodruDugaanani
     dvijuDanukonuTella delivilEmi
     ittaDesagu pasiDi kiiDanavaccunaa
     viSvadaaBiraama vinura vEma.

184) Soodra yuvati koDuku SudhdhaamtaramguDai
     vEda vEdyamaina paadu delisi
     brahmapadavi ganna braahmaNuDE gadaa!
     viSvadaaBiraama vinura vEma.

185) Soodrulanucu Buvini Soodrula BOnaaDu
     maalakannaduDuku mahini lEDu
     narakamunaku nEgu nashTamaina venuka
     viSvadaaBiraama vinura vEma.

186) maala maala kaaDu mahi miida nEproddu
     maaTa tirugu vaaDe maala gaaka
     vaani maala yanna vaaDe pO penumaala
     viSvadaaBiraama vinura vEma.

187) kulamu kaluguvaaru gOtrambu kalavaaru
     vidyacEta viRRaviiguvaaru
     pasiDikalguvaani baanisakoDukulu
     viSvadaaBiraama vinura vEma.

189) kulamu lEnivaaDu kalimicE velayunu
     kalimilEnivaani kulamu digunu
     kulamu kanna nenna galimi pradhaanambu
     viSvadaaBiraama vinura vEma

190) amTumuTTunemci yadalimci paDavaici
     dooramamdu jEri dooRucumdru
     puTTi caccu janulu poorNambu neRugaru
     viSvadaaBiraama vinura vEma.

191) jaati niiti vERu janmam badokkaTi
     >raya dimDlu vERe yaunu gaaka
     darSanamulu vERu daivamau nokkaTi
     viSvadaaBiraama vinura vEma.

192) inni jaatulamdu nEjaati muKyaman
     eRuka galguvaare heccuvaaru
     eRuka lEnivaara lEjaatinunnanu
     hiinajaatiyamcu neRugu vEma.

---vEmana

I thank the manager and espcially Sri Kasi Viswanatham of SV Temple of Pittsburgh for allowing me to use the library of SV Temple. Also I thank Dr. Kumar Vadaparty, Sri Sistla Sree Rama Chandra Murty, Sri N. Ranganathan, and Sri Rambhadra Dokka for the encouragement to continue this series on vEmana. -- PALANA

Contributed by PALANA

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ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ Andhra History back to back

2012-04-29T06:02:00.000-07:00

Historically the earliest mention of the Andhras appeared in the Aitareya Brahmana (B.C.800).

From Andhra blog

It was called Dakshina Padh during those days. Historians felt that Andhras, Pulindas, Sabaras, and many other sects lived in Dakshina Padh. But it is only in
the Mauryan age that one gets historical evidence of the Andhras as a political power in the southeastern Deccan. Megasthenese, who visited the Court of Chandragupta Maurya (B.C.322--297), mentioned that Andhra country had 30 fortified towns and an army of 1,00,000 infantry, 2,000 cavalry and 1,000 elephants. Buddhist books reveal that Andhras established their kingdoms on the Godavari belt at that time. Asoka referred in his 13th rock edict that Andhras were his subordinates.

It is believed that the people of Andhra Pradesh basically belong to the Aryan race. They are said to have migrated to the south of the Vindhyas, where they mixed up with the non-Aryans. The history of Andhra Pradesh dates back to the time of Ashoka the Great Mauriyan king ( 3rd century B.C.). This state became an important Buddhist center during his reign. The evidences of the Buddhist influence can be seen in Amaravathi and Nagarjunakonda. These are regarded as one of the greatest archaeological sites in India.

Sathavahana Dynasty

The Satavahana dynasty ( 2nd century BC 2nd century A.D), also known as the Andhras, took control of much of central and southern India. They had their capital at Amravati on the Krishna. They enjoyed extensive international trade with both eastern Asia and Europe. The Satavahanas too were great patrons of Buddhism.

From Andhrapradesh

Subsequently, the Pallavas from Tamil Nadu, the Chalukyas from Karnataka, and the Cholas all held sway. In the 13th century, the Kakatiyas, with their capital at Warrangal, dominated Andhra Desa. They were under the constant threat from Muslim incursions, while later on, after the fall of their city at Hampi, the Hindu Vijayanagars transferred operations to Chandragiri near Tirupati.

From Andhrapradesh

Kakatiya Dynasty in Andhra Pradesh

2012-04-29T06:00:00.000-07:00

Kakatiyas

From Kakatiya

Kakatiya Dynasty ruled over a large part of the Telengana region (northern Andhra Pradesh) during the 12th century. The name Kakatiya was derived from the dynasty's family deity, Goddess Kakati or Durga. Initially, their capital was Hanumankonda or Hanamakonda and was later shifted to Warangal.

The most prominent ruler of the Kakatiya Dynasty was Raja Ganapati Deva who expanded the kingdom from the Bay of Bengal coast in the east to the Kanchipuram in the south. Rudramba, the daughter of Ganapati Deva, ascended the throne in 1262. She was succeeded by her grandson Prataparudra in 1295 and he ruled till 1323. During his reign, the territory faced large scale Muslim invasion and the Kakatiya rule came to an end with the death of Prataparudra.

Kakatiya kings were great patrons of art and architecture. During their reign, the Chalukyan style of temple architecture prospered greatly. The Kakatiya period is often referred to as the brightest period in the history of the Telugu people. The Kakatiya temples reflect a combination North Indian and South Indian architectural styles. The thousand-pillared temple at Warangal is a fine specimen of the architectural skills of the Kakatiyas. The Ramappa and Pakhal lakes were built during the rule of the Kakatiyas.

From Kakatiya

The 12th and the 13th centuries saw the emergence of the Kakatiyas. They were at first the feudatories of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyana, ruling over a small territory near Warangal. A ruler of this dynasty, Prola II, who ruled from A.D.1110 to 1158, extended his sway to the south and declared his independence. His successor Rudra (A.D.1158--1195) pushed the kingdom to the north up to the Godavari delta. He built a fort at Warangal to serve as a second capital and faced the invasions of the Yadavas of Devagiri. The next ruler Mahadeva extended the kingdom to the coastal area. In A.D.1199, Ganapati succeeded him. He was the greatest of the Kakatiyas and the first after the Satavahanas to bring the entire Telugu area under one rule. He put an end to the rule of the Velanati Cholas in A.D.1210. He forced the Telugu Cholas of Vikramasimhapura to accept his suzerainty. He established order in his vast dominion and encouraged trade.

As Ganapati Deva had no sons, his daughter Rudramba succeeded him in A.D.1262 and carried on the administration. Some generals, who did not like to be ruled by her, rebelled. She could, however, suppress the internal rebellions and external invasions with the help of loyal subordinates. The Cholas and the Yadavas suffered such set backs at her hands that they did not think of troubling her for the rest of her rule.

From Kakatiya

Rudramma Devi

Prataparudra succeeded his grandmother Rudramba in A.D.1295 and ruled till A.D.1323. He pushed the western border of his kingdom up to Raichur. He introduced many administrative reforms. He divided the kingdom into 75 Nayakships, which was later adopted and developed by the Rayas of Vijayanagara. In his time the territory constituting Andhra Pradesh had the first experience of a Muslim invasion. In A.D.1303, the Delhi Sultan Ala-ud-din Khilji sent an army to plunder the kingdom. But Prataparudra defeated them at Upparapalli in Karimnagar district. In A.D. 1310, when another army under Malik Kafur invaded Warangal, Prataparudra yielded and agreed to pay a large tribute. In A.D.1318, when Ala-ud-din Khilji died, Prataparudra withheld the tribute. It provoked another invasion of the Muslims. In A.D.1321, Ghiaz-ud-din Tughlaq sent a large army under Ulugh Khan to conquer the Telugu country then called Tilling. He laid siege to Warangal, but owing to internal dissensions he called off the siege and returned to Delhi. Within a short period, he came back with a much bigger army. In spite of unpreparedness, Prataparudra fought bravely. For want of supplies, he surrendered to the enemy who sent him to Delhi as a prisoner, and he died on the way. Thus ended the Kakatiya rule, opening the gates of the Telugu land to anarchy and confusion yielding place to an alien ruler.

The Kakatiya period was rightly called the brightest period of the Telugu history. The entire Telugu speaking area was under the kings who spoke Telugu and encouraged Telugu. They established order throughout the strife torn land and the forts built by them played a dominant role in the defence of the realm. Anumakonda and Gandikota among the `giridurgas', Kandur and Narayanavanam among the `vanadurgas', Divi and Kolanu among the `jaladurgas', and Warangal and Dharanikota among the `sthaladurgas' were reckoned as the most famous strongholds in the Kakatiya period. The administration of the kingdom was organized with accent on the military.

From Fort warnagal

Though Saivism continued to be the religion of the masses, intellectuals favoured revival of Vedic rituals. They sought to reconcile the Vaishnavites and the Saivites through the worship of Harihara. Arts and literature found patrons in the Kakatiyas and their feudatories. Tikkana Somayaji, who adorned the court of the Telugu Chola ruler Manumasiddhi II, wrote the last 15 cantos of the Mahabharata which was lying unfinished. Sanskrit, which could not find a place in the Muslim-occupied north, received encouragement at the hands of the Kakatiyas. Prataparudra was himself a writer and he encouraged other literature.

The Kakatiya dynasty expressed itself best through religious art. Kakatiya art preserved the balance between architecture and sculpture, that is, while valuing sculpture, it laid emphasis on architecture where due. The Kakatiya temples, dedicated mostly to Siva, reveal in their construction a happy blending of the styles of North India and South India which influenced the political life of the Deccan.

The most important of these temples are those at Palampeta, Hanamkonda and the incomplete one in the Warangal fort. The temple at Palampeta, described as the `brightest gem in the galaxy of Medieval Deccan temple architecture', was constructed by Recherla Rudra, a general of Kakatiya Ganapati, in S.1135 (A.D.1213). The figures in the temple are of a heterogeneous character comprising gods, goddesses, warriors, acrobats, musicians, mithuna pairs in abnormal attitudes and dancing girls. The sculptures, especially of the dancing girls, possess the suggestion of movement and pulsating life. A striking peculiarity of this temple is the figure-brackets which spring from the shoulders of the outer pillars of the temple. The figure-brackets are mere ornaments and represent the intermediate stage between their earlier analogues at Sanchi and the later examples at Vijayanagara.

The Thousand-Pillared Temple at Hanamkonda, built by the Kakatiya king Rudra in A.D.1162, is similar in style and workmanship to the Ramappa temple. This temple, dedicated to Siva, Vishnu and Surya, is star-shaped. The Nandi pavilion, in which a huge granite bull still stands, the beautiful entrances to the shrine, the pierced slabs used for screens and windows, and the elegant open work by which the bracket-shafts are attached to the pillars are the other most interesting features of this temple.

From Fort Warangal

The temple in the Warangal fort, believed to have been built by Kakatiya Ganapati, was constructed making use of large slabs. The floor of the shrine is beautifully polished and shines like a mirror. An interesting feature of this temple is the four gateways called `Kirti Stambhas' which face the four cardinal points of the compass. In their design the gateways are reminiscent of the `toranas' of the Great Stupa at Sanchi. The architecture and sculpture of these temples are thus conventional to a degree but no one can deny their magnificence nor can any one fail to see the rich imagination, patient industry and skilful workmanship of the builders of the temples of the Kakatiya period.

After the fall of Kakatiyas, uncertainty prevailed over the region. Several small kingdoms came into existence, Musunuri Nayakas occupied Warangal from Muslims and ruled between A.D.1325--1368. The fall of Kakatiya kingdom and its annexation to the Tughlak empire made the Hindu feudatories to unite themselves to liberate the Andhra country from alien rulers. A movement was started at Rekapalli on the bank of the Godavari under the leadership of Musunuri Prolaya Nayaka and his cousin Kapaya Nayaka and succeeded in driving away the Muslims from the Telugu country in A.D.1328. Kapaya Nayaka became the ruler in A.D.1333, after the demise of Prolaya Nayaka, and Warangal was once again the capital of the Telugu Country. They were dethroned by Recherla Chiefs and ruled the entire Telangana from A.D.1325 to 1474 with Rachakonda as their capital. The coastal area was ruled by the Reddis of Kondavidu between A.D.1325 and 1424. Addanki was their first capital which was later shifted to Kondavidu. There was also another branch of Reddis at Rajahmundry. In due course, Reddi kingdom disappeared in the hands of Vijayanagar kings, and Gajapatis of Orissa in the frequent battles with each other. The Gajapatis of Orissa with Cuttack as their capital extended their territory far into Telugu land by conquering the Reddis of Rajahmundry in A.D.1448. They also occupied some parts of the Bahmani kingdom. But, Vijayanagar king, Krishnadevaraya, occupied the entire Telugu region that was in the possession of Gajapatis.

The Reddis and Recherla chiefs were the patrons of learning. The renowned poet Srinatha, and one of the three great poets who wrote the Mahabharata in Telugu, Errapraggada lived in that age.

The Bahamanis బహామనిస్

2012-04-29T05:59:00.000-07:00

The Bahamanis
1346C.E. - 1689 C.E.

The Bahamani kingdom was founded by Hasan Gangu, who led a rebellion against SultanGolgumbaz - Bijapur Muhammad- Bin-Tughlaq and proclaimed the independence of the Bahamani kingdom (1346 AD).

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He took the title of Bahaman Shah and became the first ruler of the dynasty. This kingdom included the whole of the northern Deccan upto the river Krishna. South of the kingdom was the Vijayanagara Empire with which it had to fight continueous wars for various reasons.

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The disastrous fall of Warangal in A.D.1323 brought the Andhras, for the first time in their history, under the yoke of an alien ruler, the Muslims. In A.D.1347 an independent Muslim State, the Bahmani kingdom was established in south India by Alla-ud-din Hasan Gangu by revolting against the Delhi Sultanate. To stabilise his position, Hasan waged wars to annexe the two neighbouring Hindu kingdoms, Warangal, under the Musunuri Nayakas, and Vijayanagar, which was under the Rayas. He occupied the area up to the river Tungabhadra in A.D.1358, and shifted his capital from Daulatabad to Gulbarga. The Hindu rulers, however, reoccupied their lost territory during the period between A.D.1358--75. Harihara Raya II of Vijayanagar conquered many areas which were under the Bahmanis during the period of Muhammad Shah II (A.D.1378-1397). The successors of Muhammad Shah II, who were also hostile to Rayas of Vijayanagar, waged wars against them.

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But they were defeated by the Vijayanagar armies. During the reign of Muhammad III (A.D.1463--82), the Bahmanis, for the first time, extended their empire from sea to sea and thereby got into their possession a large part of the Telugu area, namely, the area north of the Krishna up to the coast and the present Guntur district. By the end of the 15th century the Bahmani rule was plagued with faction fights and there came into existence the five Shahi kingdoms, the Nizamshahis of Ahmadnagar, the Adilshahis of Bijapur, the Imadshahis of Berar, the Qutbshahis of Golconda and the Baridshahis of Bidar. Thereafter, the rule of the Bahmani dynasty came to an end in A.D.1527. Of the five Shahi dynasties, it was the Qutbshahi dynasty that played a significant and notable role in the history of Andhras.

The most remarkable figure in the Bahamani kingdom was Firuz Shah Bahamani (1397 AD - 1422 AD), who fought three major battles with the Vijayanagara Empire without any major result. He was well acquainted with religious and natural sciences. He wanted to make the Deccan the cultural centre of India.

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Vijayanagaram విజయనగర సామ్రాజ్యము

2012-04-29T05:57:00.001-07:00

విజయనగర సామ్రాజ్యము
The Vijayanagar Empire
1336 A.D. to 1565 A.D.

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The Vijyanagar kingdom was started in South India on a humble note to resist Muslim invasion of the Hoysala territory by Mallik Kafur's destructive campaign. However, within fifty years, the Vijayanagar (a.k.a. Vijayanagara) kingdom came to be known as a powerful empire and reigned the Indian southern peninsula for nearly 200 years. It required four Muslim kingdoms to come together to destroy the unwieldy large empire at the battle of Talikota.

The big empire was visited by many foreigners who left vivid descriptions of the prosperity, strong powerful army and busy maritime trade. (See: Hu-En-Tsang.)

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Their capital was at Vijayanagar on the banks of Tungabhadra river, which today (2000) contains many great ruins.

Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagar was a great patron of art and literature and an accomplished poet himself in Telugu. The Hampi ruins are scattered over the area of fourteen square miles known as world's biggest open-air museum.

Brief history

The year A.D.1336 saw the emergence of a new power, the kingdom of Vijayanagar in the south-western part of Andhra on the banks of the Tungabhadra. It was founded by two Sangama brothers, Harihara and Bukka, with the blessings of a great saint patriot of medieval India, Vidyaranya, and Harihara became its first ruler. It was that great kingdom which, by resisting the onslaughts of Muslims, championed the cause of Hindu civilisation and culture in its polity, its learning and arts.

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The two brothers took possession of Kampili from Hoyasala ruler of Karnataka, Ballala III. They later established a new city on the southern bank of Tungabhadra, opposite Anegondi, and gave a name to it as Vijayanagar or Vidyanagar. They expanded their territory by occupying the Udayagiri fort in the Nellore region and Penukonda fort from Hoyasalas. Meanwhile the Bahmani Kingdom came into existence in the Deccan. In the conflicts between the Bahmanis and Vijayanagar, Harihara-I lost some territory. After his death in A.D.1355, his brother Bukkaraya succeeded him. On account of frequent wars with Bahmanis, Bukka could not do anything in the initial period, however, he conquered Madhura and extended his territory to the south up to Rameswaram. Harihara II (A.D.1377--1404), who ascended the throne after Bukkaraya, consolidated and its frontiers further extended. During this time coastal Andhra lying between Nellore and Kalinga was under the Reddis of Kondavidu. Harihara II carried on campaign, for gaining control over the territory, against the Reddis and wrested Addanki and Srisailam areas from the Reddis. This led to clashes with the Velamas of Rachakonda in Telangana. To counter attack, Rachakonda sought help from Bahmanis and this checkmated Harihara II from proceeding further into Telangana. The extension of Vijayanagar territory towards northwest gave it control over the ports of Goa, Chaul, and Dabhol and led to an expansion of commerce and ensuing prosperity.

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In the dispute between sons, after the death of Harihara II, Devaraya I (A.D.1406--422) emerged victorious and ascended the throne only to wage wars against the Bahmanis, the Velamas of Telangana and the Reddis of Kondavidu. His reign also saw the commencement of hostilities between the Gajapatis of Kalinga and the Rayas of Vijayanagar. Devaraya I passed away in A.D.1422. His sons, Ramachandraraya and Vijayaraya I, who ruled one after the other, did not do anything significant.

The next ruler, Devaraya II (A.D.1426-1446), son of Vijayaraya, was a great monarch. He effected the conquest of Kondavidu and carried his arms into Kerala, subjugating the ruler of Quilon and other chieftains. The writings of Abdul Razzak, the Persian ambassador, who visited south India during the reign of Devaraya II, bear testimony to the supremacy of the king over many ports of south India. According to him, the dominions of Devaraya II extended from Ceylon to Gulbarga and from Orissa to Malbar. The relations between the Vijayanagar and Bahmani kingdoms continued to be hostile during the reign of Devaraya II also. Devaraya was a great builder and a patron of poets. Extensive commerce and revenues from various sources contributed to the prosperity of the Vijayanagar kingdom under him.

But the kings who succeeded Devaraya II were quite incompetent and allowed the empire to disintegrate. To add to this, there was pressure from Bahmani Sultans. The Portuguese were also rapidly trying to establish themselves on the west coast and in the ports along it.

The Vijayanagar minister, Saluva Narasimha, who usurped the throne in A.D.1485 could successfully counter these forces. Thus the Saluva line of kings came to rule Vijayanagar. However, he had to spend a good deal of his time and energy putting down many rebel chieftains. He died in A.D.1490 leaving his two sons to the care of Narasanayaka of the Tuluva family, a trusted general. Narasanayaka assumed himself the power as a regent in A.D.1492 keeping the real rule under tutelage. Narasanayaka died in A.D.1503 and by that time he had established his authority effectively over the whole of his extensive dominion. His son, Vira Narasimha, succeeded him as the regent and proclaimed himself as a ruler in A.D.1506, thus inaugurating the third dynasty. He died in A.D.1509 and his brother, Krishnadevaraya, succeeded him.

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The period of Krishnadevaraya was considered as the golden age of the Vijayanagar history. He was a great warrior, statesman, administrator and a patron of arts. His first task was to repulse the Bahmanis. He occupied Raichur doab, carried the war up to Gulbarga and returned successfully. He extended his dominion in the east and north-east by defeating the Gajapatis of Orissa in A.D.1518.

Krishna Devaraya died in A.D.1529. After his death, Vijayanagar kingdom started declining gradually. There was a tussle for power and the rulers spent their time in struggle against internal revolts. The five Muslim rulers in Deccan kingdom, took this opportunity, united and formed a league and marched towards Vijayanagar with combined forces. In a decisive battle fought on the 23rd January, 1565 on the south bank of the Krishna near the village of Rakkasi Tangadi, Vijayanagar was defeated and Ramaraya, who led the Vijayanagar armies, was killed. Tirumalaraya, the younger brother of Ramaraya, along with his puppet ruler, Sadasivaraya fled to Penukonda in Anantapur district with all the treasure. The victorious armies of Muslims then marched towards Vijayanagar. Uninhibited looting of the city by the Muslim rulers as well as the ruthless robbers went on for days together. Never perhaps in the history of the world has such havoc been brought and wrought on such a splendid city teening with a wealthy and industrious population in prosperity one day and on the next seized, pillaged and reduced to ruins amid scenes of savage measures and horrors beggaring description.

Tirumalaraya after reaching Penukonda ruled for some time and tried his best to rebuild the empire but failed. The last ruler of Vijayanagar dynasty was Sriranga (A.D.1642--1681).

The Rayas of Vijayanagar regarded all sects of Hindus alike, built temples to Siva and Vishnu and patronised them by lavish grants. They patronised even Jains and Muslims. The Vijayanagar architecture fused various elements of the Chalukya and Chola art, and produced extremely beautiful gopuras and mantapas. The most typical of them can be found at Tirupati, Tadpatri, Srikalahasti and Penukonda. The Tadpatri and Lepakshi temples are the notable examples of Vijayanagar architecture and sculpture.

Telugu language and literature was given a preferential treatment and Telugu was treated as official language of the empire. Simultaneously, Sanskrit and other languages were encouraged by the Vijayanagar rulers. The renowned Telugu poet Srinatha was honoured with Kanakabhisheka by Proudhadevaraya of the first dynasty of the rulers. Particularly, the reign of Krishnadevaraya marked a new era in the literary history of south India. He was himself a scholar and authored Amuktamalyada, a celebrated Telugu work. His court known as Bhuvanavijayam, was adorned by such eminent poets like Allasani Peddana, Nandi Timmana, Dhurjati, Tenali Ramakrishna, Mallana, Ramarajabhushana, Pingali Surana and Rudra, known as Ashtadiggajas. The greatest of them was Allasani Peddana whose famous work Manucharitra heralded the eminence of the native genius of Telugus.

Andhra Pradesh

2012-04-29T05:54:00.000-07:00

Andhra Pradesh

ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ

It is a state situated on the south-eastern coast of India. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city is Hyderabad. The State has the second longest coastline (972 km) among all the States in India.

Andhra Pradesh lies between 12°41' and 22°N latitude and 77° and 84°40'E longitude, and is bordered by Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Orissa in the north, the Bay of Bengal in the East, Tamil Nadu to the south and Karnataka to the west. Andhra Pradesh is historically called the "Rice Bowl of India". More than 77% of its crop is rice; Andhra Pradesh produced 17,796,000 tonnes of rice in 2006.[2] Two major rivers, the Godavari and the Krishna run across the state. The small enclave (12 sq mi (30 km²)) of the Yanam district of Puducherry (Pondicherry) state lies in the Godavari Delta in north-east of the state.

This state is combination of three divisions Andhra , Telangana ,Rayalaseema

Historically the region comprising the state was known as Andhraapatha, Andhradesa, Andhraavani, and Andhra vishaya.[3] Andhra Pradesh was formed by merging Telugu speaking areas of Hyderabad State and Andhra State on November 1, 1956.

Telugu jati manidi

Qutb Shahis

2012-04-29T05:49:00.002-07:00

The Muslim Founder of Hyderabad (Mohammed Quli Qutub Shahi

The Qutb Shahi dynasty held sway over the Andhra country for about two hundred years from the early part of the 16th century to the end of the 17th century. Sultan Quli Qutb Shah, the founder of the dynasty, served the Bahmanis faithfully and was appointed governor of Telangana in A.D.1496. He declared independence after the death of his patron king, Mahmud Shah, in A.D.1518. During his 50-year rule, Sultan Quli extended his kingdom upto Machilipatnam. He was murdered by his third son, Jamsheed, who succeeded Sultan Quli. Jamsheed reigned for seven years till A.D.1550 but remained maligned by all for his patricidal crime. His youngest brother, Ibrahim, who was hardly thirteen at the time of his father's assassination, fled to Vijayanagar and took refuge there. It afforded him a training ground and he learned the art of administration.

After Jamsheed's death in A.D.1550, Ibrahim returned to Golconda and ascended the throne. Ibrahim Qutb Shah, who was known as Malkibharam in the Andhra country, was the real architect of the Golconda kingdom. He ruled the kingdom for 30 years from A.D.1550 to A.D.1580. He organised the central and provincial governments and brought them into close contact. He also introduced an efficient intelligence service which kept him informed on all affairs. The kingdom was made safe for travel and trade. Ibrahim had also many works of public utility to his credit. He dug lakes and tanks and laid out towns and gardens. He also encouraged local language Telugu and patronised Telugu scholars and poets like, Telaganarya and Gangadhara who dedicated their works to him.

Ibrahim took an active part in the battle of Rakkasi Tangadi in A.D.1565. It immensely benefited him in cash and territories, and the kingdom was extended to the south as far as Madras and Gandikota.

The next period of forty years led by Ibrahim's son and grandson was an era of peace and prosperity. Muhammad Quli, son of Ibrahim, was a great writer and a builder. The city of Hyderabad was laid in A.D.1591 with magnificent buildings, straight roads and other civic amenities. For this purpose, he invited many Persians to settle down in Hyderabad and Machilipatnam. He was a scholar and a poet, composed a large number of poems in the Deccani language. Muhammad Quli was succeeded by his nephew and son-in-law Sultan Muhammad in A.D.1612. He was highly religious and a model of virtue and piety. He followed his uncle in promoting learning and architecture. The great mosque known as Mecca Masjid in Hyderabad was designed and its foundation laid by him, though the main structure of the Mosque was completed during the next four generations.

Sultan Muhammad's premature death in A.D.1626 was a sad prelude to the decline and fall of Golconda. He was succeeded by his minor son, Abdullah Qutb Shah, who was indolent. The fall of Ahmadnagar in A.D.1633 to the Mughals exposed Golconda. Abdullah Qutb Shah acknowledged the suzerainty of the Mughals and concluded a treaty in A.D.1636. He was reduced to vassalage and the Mughal Hajib, a resident officer of the Mughals imposed on him, interfered in day-to-day administration and encouraged fissiparous tendencies. The traitors of Golconda found their strength in the Mughals who did not hesitate to invade Golconda.

Abdullah Qutb Shah died in A.D.1672 and was succeeded by his third son-in-law, Abul Hassan Qutb Shah, popularly known as Tana Shah. He had a steady mind, broader vision and administrative experience of a high order. He handled the domestic and foreign affairs deftly and put forth all his efforts against the Mughal tide.

Abul Hassan and his kingdom were misrepresented by false propaganda to justify the interference of the Mughal emperor who contemplated to liquidate the Deccan Sultanates and incorporate it in the Mughal empire. The emperor came to the Deccan in A.D.1682 and launched his campaign against both the Marathas and the Deccan Sultanates. His original plan was to put down the Maratha power, but later on, he suspended the plan and directed his forces against Bijapur and Golconda in A.D.1685. Bijapur fell in after two months' siege. But Golconda held out for a long time. It came to an abrupt end owing to the treachery of an Afghan general, Abdullah Khan, who opened the gate in the dead of night and facilitated the capture of the fort. The equanimity with which Abul Hassan Tana Shah had faced the Mughal captors and the unequalled loyalty of Abdul Razak Lari, who remained faithful to his king, Tana Shah, are of special significance.

The fall of Golconda in A.D.1687 had far reaching consequences. It halted the face of cultural progress for years and relaxed the administrative grip on the English Company at Machilipatnam and Madras. So long as the kingdom was powerful in the south, the king Abul Hassan and his Minister, Madanna, kept their constant vigil on the English merchants.

Qutb Shahi rulers adopted religious tolerance. They treated Hindus equal with Muslims as well and maintained cordial relations between the two throughout. They encouraged the local language Telugu besides the Deccani Urdu. They patronised scholars and awarded them titles and Jagirs. The builder of Hyderabad, Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah was an eminent poet in Persian and was an author of several Persian works. The fourth king, Ibrahim was a great patron of Telugu. His court was crowded with Telugu poets besides many others. The rulers adopted the local customs to a great extent. This tolerance and patronage of the kings were followed by the nobles as well. Ramadas (Goppanna), a great devotee of Sri Rama who lived in the period of Abul Hassan, wrote a number of poetical works and songs in praise of his deity.

The Deccani architecture, is a combination of Persian, Hindu and Pathan styles. They mostly borrowed heavily from Hindu style of architecture. The Bala Hissar gate of the Golconda fort is remarkable for the figures and emblems of Hindu mythology.

The citadel of Hyderabad, the Charminar is the most remarkable of all the Qutb Shahi monuments. It is one of the magnificent structures in India.

The socio-cultural life of the people during the rule of the Qutb Shahis was marked by a spirit of broad-mindedness and catholicity based on sharing and adopting of mutual traditions and customs