1. Gims: A Web-based Greenhouse Intelligent Management System

General Information

Author:

M.T. Maliappis, K.P. Ferentinos, H.C. Passam and A.B. Sideridis

Journal:

World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4 (5): 640-647, 2008 ISSN 1817-3047
Abstract:
This paper describes a system developed to introduce computer management into the cultivation process in low-tech greenhouses. The proposed system is implemented as a web-based application using open source technologies and subsystems comprised of modules that provide: (1) static information about the cultivation process and marketing of the supported crops, (2) simulation and forecast models of general interest, (3) a collaboration environment and (4) expert system capabilities and support. Modular construction of the system allows easy adaptation to new products and expansion into new languages. The centralized management of information and knowledge provides approved and better quality of services. Greenhouse Intelligent Management System (GIMS) is designed to provide personalized consultation to its users. The consultation process is guided by input data provided separately by each user. After an initial authentication, the user can interact with the system individually in a personalized environment. Each user has his/her own protected storage space where he/she can store his/her data separately from those of others. The system offers a way to supervise the cultivation process, maintain records of user activities and is able to transmit special alerts for necessary actions. The overall process is monitored by an intelligent decision support system which takes into consideration the data provided by the user, as well as the results of the special models and expert systems, so that specialized advice for each individual case is given. At the present stage of development the system provides support for three crops: tomato, pepper and aubergine.

Result and Conclusion:
This paper describe about development story of building web-based management system for greenhouse, ideal system, module that it should be exist on web-based management system, especially for greenhouse management.

Original Paper

[CS] gim web based green house monitoring system

2. Scheduling strawberry irrigation based upon tensiometer mesurement an a climatic water balance model

General Information

Author:
Erika KruÈger
Journal:
Scientia Horticulturae 81 (1999) 409±424

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out over three cropping seasons with 1 year old strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa Duch. `Elsanta’ and `Honeoye’), where irrigation was scheduled based upon tensiometer measurements and a climatic water balance model. Both irrigation schedules were compared to the non-irrigated one. The influence on fruiting response, the impact on soil moisture tension, mineral nitrogen content in the soil and nitrogen content in the leaves were investigated. In all the years, irrigated plants had significantly higher yields than the non-irrigated ones. The mean fruit weight was also increased by irrigation. Optimization of irrigation was best achieved in both varieties when the climatic water balance model was used to schedule irrigation. During dry periods, soil moisture tension under non-irrigated strawberries increased to values above 300 hPa at 20 cm soil depth. In a year, with dry conditions and high evapotranspiration, maximum values above 700 hPa were reached. Differences in soil moisture were observed between the two irrigation schedules within and over the years of the experiment. The hydraulic gradients calculated from tensiometer measurements showed that in the periods with irrigation, percolation did not occur below 40 cm soil depth. Therefore, leaching of mineral nitrogen out of the rooted area of strawberries could be excluded for both irrigation schedules. The nitrogen level in dry leaf matter was not influenced by irrigation, except in one year when irrigation followed the climatic water balance model. The present study shows the potential to optimize the irrigation of strawberries using the climatic water balance model, which is less labour intensive and time consuming than tensiometer measurements. Besides the economical aspects, the results from the analysis of different soil parameters indicate that scheduling irrigation based upon this model was also environmentally safe.

Conclusion and Review:
This paper tell us about the influence of irrigation to plant and climate aspect (soi moisture content, hydraulic gradient,water balance, Nitrogen level). This paper shows the potential to optimize the irrigation of strawberries using the climatic water balance model, which is less labour intensive and time consuming than tensiometer measurements.

Original Paper

[CS] scheduling straberrry irrigation baed upon tensiometer measurement and climatic water balance model

3. A Study On Development Of Intelligent Irrigation Systems For Melon Cultivation In Greenhouse

General Information

Author:
Kazuhiro Nakano
Journal:
AFITA 2002

Abstract:
The price of melon varies with its quality. It is very difficult to control the quality of melon in various growing stages, because irrigation management in a green house influences the fruit quality. In this study, the intelligent irrigation systems were developed using the know-how extracted from an expert. Fuzzy control and On-off control for irrigation were examined. Changes in soil moisture content were predicted by Fuzzy control systems with various climate sensors. As the results, the performances in Fuzzy control and On-off control were respectively 52% and 40% water saving compared to the manual irrigation by an expert. The qualities of fruits by Fuzzy control and On-off control were almost the same results from the manual irrigation.

Conclusion and Review

1. Both the Fuzzy control area and On-off control area gave considerable water savings over the Manual-irrigation area, while both produced fruit of similar quality (sugar content and grade) to that in the Manual-irrigation area.
2. The above shows that the present systems for automatic irrigation control of greenhouse melons are effective.
3. No clear difference was seen between the Fuzzy control and On-off control areas.

Original Paper

[CS] a study on development of intelligent irrigatio system for melon cultivation in green house

]]> http://andrew.staff.ugm.ac.id/2012/03/01/review-case-studies-related-to-intelligent-irrigation-and-actuating-system.xhtml/feed 0 noThis post will focus on case studies and method that already used to solve the problem in intelligent irrigation system with multi input for autonomous decision by the system. 1. Gims: A Web-based Greenhouse Intelligent Management System 2. Scheduling strThis post will focus on case studies and method that already used to solve the problem in intelligent irrigation system with multi input for autonomous decision by the system. 1. Gims: A Web-based Greenhouse Intelligent Management System 2. Scheduling strawberry irrigation based… continue reading »algorithm, case studies, kyushu, research student, Reviewhttp://andrew.staff.ugm.ac.id/2012/03/01/review-case-studies-related-to-intelligent-irrigation-and-actuating-system.xhtml http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/AndriPrimaNugroho/~3/KNitvYzok8Q/review-cultivation-of-strawberries-case-studies-and-optimization-for-strawberry-cultivars-amaou.xhtml http://andrew.staff.ugm.ac.id/2012/03/01/review-cultivation-of-strawberries-case-studies-and-optimization-for-strawberry-cultivars-amaou.xhtml#comments Thu, 01 Mar 2012 07:55:09 +0000 andrew http://andrew.staff.ugm.ac.id/?p=571 continue reading »]]> In this post, author sought to gather information related to strawberry cultivation, especially type cultivars Amaou . The information including plant growth condition, optimum conditions, irrigation techniques and measurement of sugar content. This review post reviewed paper were collected from internet, some presented in english and the other in japanese. Furthermore, the information contained in this paper will be used as a reference in the preparation of monitoring and actuating system.

1. Local heating temperature effects on the growth and yield of strawberries [Fragaria] in high-bench culture

General Information

Author:
Sato, K., Fukuoka-ken. Agricultural Research Center, Chikushino (Japan); Kitajima, N.
Journal:
Bulletin of the Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center (Mar 2010)
Abstract
For forcing culture of strawberries planted on high benches, local heating effects on growth and yield were examined. We heated crowns using an electrically heated wire touched to a crown. Because of local heating, plants became taller, leaf stalks lengthened, leaf width widened, the flowering date of axillary flower clusters was earlier, and leaf appearance was accelerated in a greenhouse where the lowest temperature was 8 deg C. Regarding the local heating temperature, growth promotion effects were significant for temperatures higher than 21degC. Furthermore, higher temperatures produced more significant growth-promotion effects. Growth promotion by local heating was more effective in ‘Toyonoka’ than ‘Amaou’ varieties. However, the ‘Amaou’ fruit weight and the ‘Toyonoka’ fruit number were lower at 25 deg C. These results show that local heating of the crown is effective for growth promotion and that 21degC might be a suitable heating temperature for use in forcing culture of strawberries.

Result:
1. Growth promotion by local heating was more effective in ‘Toyonoka’ than ‘Amaou’ varieties.
2. Local heating of the crown is effective for growth promotion
3. 21 degC might be a suitable heating temperature for use in forcing culture of strawberries .

Original Paper

local heating29-06

2. Effects of irrigation water with high concentrations of Na and HCO3 on yellowing of leaves and on yield of strawberry in bench culture

Genearl Information

Author:

Mizukami, K.(Fukuoka-ken. Agricultural Research Center, Chikushino (Japan)); Odahara, K.; Kaneko, A.

Journal:
Bulletin of the Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center (Mar 2009)

Abstract
Strawberry plants were grown with irrigation water that contained 100mg/l of Na and 200mg/l of HCO3 in bench culture with 1.4 to 1.7 l compost per stock. Under these conditions, yellowing of young leaves and browning of old leaf margins occurred from the middle of January. The yellowing of young leaves was judged to be attributable to a situation where an Mn deficiency symptom had resulted from an absorption restraint of Mn by antagonism of excessive absorption of Na and insolubilization of Mn with a rise in pH of the compost, which in turn had been brought about by a high concentration of HCO3. Mn content in leaves decreased remarkably when such irrigation water was used even if young leaves did not show the yellowing symptom. The decrease in yield from March to May and in total yield is considered to be a result of Mn deficiency restraining fruit enlargement. When Na concentration of irrigation water is lower than 50mg/l, the water may be suitable for strawberry ‘AMAOU’ production with bench culture.

Result:
Na concentration of irrigation water is lower than 50mg/l may be suitable for strawberry ‘AMAOU’ production with bench culture.

Original Paper

Irrigation supply28-20

3. Efficiency of Irrigation Method for Strawberries

General Information

Author:

J Mestella Myers

Journal:
Florida state horticultural Society, 1972

Abstract:
Trickle, overhead sprinkler and fur row irrigation methods were compared in a straw berry production experiment. Rainfall during the season was above normal. Yield and size of fruit were not affected by irrigation method. Irrigation method was a significant factor with regards to movement of soluble salts in the bed. Movement of salts was towards the upper center part of the bed for the sprinkler and furrow methods, while significant movement was not detected for the trickle method. Soil moisture content in the rooting zone was maintained near field capacity on a continuous basis by the trickle method, while the sprinkler and furrow methods were effective in returning the soil moisture content to field capacity when applications were made, but this was followed by a gradual depletion to almost soil moisture level of the unirrigated treatment before the next application. Approximately one half the quantity of water was used for the trickle method as compared to the sprinkler and furrow methods.

Result and Conclusion

This research was conducted in Florida US, maybe quite different with strawberry cultivation in Japan. As information for us, soil moisture content in the rooting zone was maintained near field capacity on a continuous basis by trickle method, while the sprinkler and furrow methods were effective in returning the soil moisture content to field capacity when applications were made, but this was followed by a gradual depletion to almost soil moisture level of the unirrigated treatment before the next application.

Original paper

[BS] efficiency of irrigation methods for strawberries

4. Effective CO2 enrichment regimes for yield increases  in high-bench strawberry  culture in northern kyushu.

General Information

Author:
Mizukami, K.(Fukuoka-ken. Agricultural Research Center, Chikushino (Japan)); Odahara, K.; Kaneko, A.
Journal:
Bulletin of the Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center (Mar 2009)

Result:

1. No difference in growth and yield between treatments of 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm.
2. When CO2 applied to amaou from 6:00 to 10:00 (November – march 10), compared with the control treatment
• Flowering period occurred earlier after secondary fruit cluster
• Quantity of fruit increased
• Yield increased by 40% form February to March ad by May, total Increased 15%.
3. The effective CO2 enrichment for a yield increase in amaou and saga honoka were 1000ppm applied once daily and 1000 ppm applied twice daily, respectively.

Oiginal paper

]]> http://andrew.staff.ugm.ac.id/2012/03/01/review-cultivation-of-strawberries-case-studies-and-optimization-for-strawberry-cultivars-amaou.xhtml/feed 0 noIn this post, author sought to gather information related to strawberry cultivation, especially type cultivars Amaou . The information including plant growth condition, optimum conditions, irrigation techniques and measurement of sugar content. This revieIn this post, author sought to gather information related to strawberry cultivation, especially type cultivars Amaou . The information including plant growth condition, optimum conditions, irrigation techniques and measurement of sugar content. This review post reviewed paper were collected from internet,… continue reading »case studies, Concept, Reviewhttp://andrew.staff.ugm.ac.id/2012/03/01/review-cultivation-of-strawberries-case-studies-and-optimization-for-strawberry-cultivars-amaou.xhtml http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/AndriPrimaNugroho/~3/8qugy4VtbYU/review-intelligent-irrigation-system-for-melon-in-green-house.xhtml http://andrew.staff.ugm.ac.id/2012/02/29/review-intelligent-irrigation-system-for-melon-in-green-house.xhtml#comments Wed, 29 Feb 2012 07:51:34 +0000 andrew http://andrew.staff.ugm.ac.id/?p=559 continue reading »]]> Abstract
The price of melon varies with its quality. It is very difficult to control the quality of melon in various growing stages, because irrigation management in a green house influences the fruit quality. In this study, the intelligent irrigation systems were developed using the know-how extracted from an expert. Fuzzy control and On-off control for irrigation were examined. Changes in soil moisture content were predicted by Fuzzy control systems with various climate sensors. As the results, the performances in Fuzzy control and On-off control were respectively 52% and 40% water saving compared to the manual irrigation by an expert. The qualities of fruits by Fuzzy control and On-off control were almost the same results from the manual irrigation.

General Information

Review

Both the Fuzzy control area and On-off control area gave considerable water savings over the Manual-irrigation area, while both produced fruit of similar quality (sugar content and grade) to that in the Manual-irrigation area. The above shows that the present systems for automatic irrigation control of greenhouse melons are effective. Moreover, no clear difference was seen between the Fuzzy control and On-off control areas. In the future, it will be necessary to conduct cultivation experiments under different soil conditions, and then based on the results to improve the system and increase its general applicability

intelligent irrigation sysytem in green house for melon

Cooperation between all the agent was really the key point of implementation Integrated Production(IP)

Integrated Production (IP) is an agricultural system if production of plant product , which fully utilizes all the natural resources and natural mechanisms of production assuring long term sustainable agriculture. it uses rationality different control methods as biological control organism, chemical and other cultural techniques, bringing into line the demands of the society, protection of environment and agricultural productivity. It takes account too of all the operation handling, packaging, processing and labeling. as we know this system will use as standar of distribution of agricultural product in european country. The current agricultural system are Conventional System, Integrated System and Ecologic System (Organic). IP as a system used to transfer from conventional to organic with support of government explained as general concept and implementation in Almeria by Prof. Fernando, he explain about the background of agriculture product market in Europe, standart market, and competition between country to sell their product.

Dealing with implementation of IT-Agriculture, I made my own summary, retell from presentation and his explanation:

1. IT-Agriculture is important role in implementation IP in existing system, it handle from Administration, Farmer Cooperation, Technical Services, Certification Entities, Commercialization coops, manipulating coops, export traders, transport companies, distribution companies and Consumer.
2. The system was built by sub system component and communicate each other ( cloud computing / data broker ). The following are some sub system name that used in IP Almeria: PRIM, PRIM Movil, SIG PAC, TRIANA , RAID SIFA SAEPI, ERP Agro Management, ERP Agro Transportation.
3. Managing all the information, to assure the application of informative and the translation of this certainty to final consumers; requires managing huge amount of information.Developing a suit of software tools that covers the whole production, certification and commercialization process.
4. Other important point that related to general Integration Production (IP) project is Cooperation between all the agent ( farmer, university, government, company, consumers, and research institution).

Another serious effect of climate change, related to forest stability is it increased total rain and rain intensity. According to report by Climate Change 2011: The Scientific Basis, Tropical land-surface precipitation measurements indicate that precipitation likely has increased by about 0.2 to 0.3%/ decade over the 20th century. Direct measurements of precipitation and model re analyses of inferred precipitation indicate that rainfall has also increased over large parts of the tropical ocean.

Rainfall correlation with forest
Increasing number of total rain and rain intensity affect the land stability, especially in forest with vary geomorphology (relief, drainage and slope gradient).
Effect of increasing total rain and rain intensity such as:

1. Increase amount of water in catchment area
2. Increase water table, affected by large amount of water seep into the ground
3. Decrease of land stability
4. Trigger landslide, erosion and hazard
5. Biological aspect
1. Vegetation
2. Change in plant species

In order to study about process of the influence rainfall increment induced by climate change to forest, in this exercise took numerical approach. Numerical approach was used to predict landslide triggered by rainfall induced. Rainfall induced also related to forest and this model also consider vegetation and amount water

One of numerical approach which can be used to study about process rainfall and it’s relation with land stability, especially landslide. SLIDE model has been used by Fredlund et al. (1996) and Montrasio and Valentino (2008). They present a mathematical model that translated the physical phenomenon of rainfall triggering processes. This model highlights the destabilizing forces by the water down-flow and the contribution of partial saturation to the shear strength of the soil. Research by Liao et.al.(2010) give us explanation about prototyping early warning system for landslide using rainfall-induced parameter.  Schematic SLIDE Model shows in figure below:

with this model, actually we want to know the relation between rainfall and land stability. Dealing with case studies which using this model, we can calculate FS ( factor of safety) in slope ( using numerical approach to predict FS number in specific place). This is the formulation of FS:

This is how to calculate each part in formula above:

Total Cohesion expressed as:

Information about symbol and values for calculation

Result of calculation is FS (Factor of Safety) can be used as parameter stability in Early Warning system design. The FS is defined as the ratio of resisting forces over destabilizing forces on a soil slope. FS=1 suggests that the slope is slipped, and the smaller the value the less stable the slope is.

More information about model, please refer link below.

http://www.springerlink.com/content/b73121k6t743l4q7/

References

Fredlund DG, Rahardjo H (1991) Calculation procedures for slope stability analyses involving negative pore-water pressures. Proc. Int. Conf. on Slope Stability Engineering, Development Applications, Isle of Wight, pp 43–50

Graham, Robin Lambert, et.al., How Increasing CO2 and Climate Change Affect Forests. American Institute of Biological Sciences.Vol. 40, No. 8 (Sep., 1990), pp. 575-587

Houghton , J.T.et.al. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.

Liao, Zonghu. et.al. 2010.Prototyping an experimental early warning system for rainfall-induced landslides in Indonesia using satellite remote sensing and geospatial datasets.Landslides (2010) 7:317–324 DOI 10.1007/s10346-010-0219-7 Received: 8 December 2009.

Montrasio L, Valentino R (2008) A model for triggering mechanisms of shallow landslides. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 8:1149–1159

Chapter one

Conservation of Biodiversity and sustainable utilization of Biological Resources. This lecture given by Prof. Masami Takagi. This lecture covers Agricultural Ecology, pest in agricultural ecosystem, and Integrated pest management.  firstly we study about level in biological activity, classification related to Individu, Population, Community, Ecosystem and Biosphere. there are component in earth as general. we also consider about energy chain in flow ecosystem like our class given when we are study in elementary school or junior high school. sun is energy resource , using sunrise energy we can produce agricultural commodities and plant, from this lecture we also remember about simple agricultural ecosystem, called Natural Ecosystem.

Natural Ecosystem

–> Energy –> Sun –>  Producer (Plants) –> Consumer ( Animal ) –> Decomposer (Microbial) –> Loop

We study about agriculture system, as we know that agriculture growth specific field, using additional resources to increase production both quality and quantity. Natural system with additional component to increase production we called it Agricultural Ecosystem. Something that make it different are specific field and additional supporting component ( fertilizer, energy, pesticides). Important point that we should remember is the ideal system, agro ecosystem of intensive agriculture with chemical pest, is impossible.

Agricultural Ecosystem

Input –> Fertilizer, pesticides and Solar energy

Output –> Heat Energy, food , mineral and one important things: pollution

The third ecosystem that we study is urban ecosystem or modern ecosystem, This ecosystem represent ecosystem in urban area with complicated matters and high pollution.

Urban Ecosystem

Input –> Raw material, organic , food, fosil energy ( oil, coal, natural gas) and Solar Energy

Output –> Artificial chemical: water pollution, soil pollution, biological magnification, air polution

we also thinking about sustainability and decreasing soil fertility caused due to excess use of fertilizer and pesticides.

Among them, we consider about new method to enhance agriculture, dealing with agro-ecosystem including Integrated Pest Management. IPM is an ecologically based pest control strategy that relies heavily on natural mortality factor such as natural enemies and seeks out control tactics that disrupt these factors as small as possible. IPM uses pesticides, but only after systematic monitoring of pest populations and natural control factors indicators indicates a need. an IPM program considers:

1. All available pest control action including no action
2. Evaluate potential interaction among various control tactics
3. Cultural practices
4. Weather
5. Other pest, and
6. Crop tobe protected

This lecture about Mushroom Production and Biotechnology. we were taught about mushroom and it’s benefit for human, firstly the professor introduce many kind of mushroom, variety and how to cultivate it. Mushroom is very nutritious and  we can use traditional way or biotechnology to develop new mushroom. dealing with benefit of this plant, we are consider:

1. Mushroom’s life ( how to cultivate )
2. Mushroom for our Health
3. Mushroom and Environment
4. Mushroom in Industry

In addition to their fascination for the gourmet, mushrooms are also have several other uses (Chandy, Mushroom in human Life):

1. Tinder mushrooms Polyporus fomentarius or “tinder mushroom” sometimes called “Genllan tinder” was used in the manufacturing of tinder.

2. Tunbridge ware When green oak is attacked by Chloroplenium aeruginosum, the tissues become stained with green, giving a very pleasing effect. Wood so affected is used in the manufacturing of “Tunbridge ware” and fancy work.

3. Snuff Polyporus nigricans when dried and pounded is an ingredient in snuff.

4. Dyeing Polyporus bispidus which gives a brown dye is used for colouring silk, cotton and wool. This is used by leather dresser’s to give a fawn chestnut colur and by carpenters to give a brown colour to furniture. P. sulphureus gives a yellow colour and Fomes ignitarius gives a brown black colour. Many other mushrooms are also used for giving different colours.

5. Writing material Inky cap mushroom Caprinus comatus is very deliquecsent and soon becomes black liquid which can be used for writing purposes.

6. Mushrooms in Flower pots: Shaped fruit bodies of Polyporus fomentarius and P. ignitarius are used for flower pots. The tube portion is cut out and the hoofed portion is inverted and hanged. This serves as a receptacle for the soil in which plants are grown.

7. Luminosity: The ability of organism to produce light in the dark is well-known in bacteria, plants and animals. Many fungi are also luminescent and either the fruit body or mycelium or both may be luminous, depending on the species. Fome anosus is a luminous fungus which grows in mines and both mycelium and fruit bodies are luminous. Other light emitting species of mushroom are gills of Pleurotus joponica, Boletus edulis, Collybia longipes etc. The luminosity is often so bright that when brought near a printed page in the dark, words can be read.

8. Hallucination It is said, “the effect of creating hallucination is not to enable you to remember back, but rather to forget and to imagine you are otherwise than what you are”. The hallucinogenic mushrooms are Amanita muscaria, several spp. of stropharia and Psilocube.

9. Medicinal use: Lower fungi have yielded important medicines, like antibiotics from Penicillium (a common contaminant in mushroom cultivation). Mushrooms are much less used. Most of the medicinal extracts from mushrooms are polysaccharides. Although these differ in composition, they have one thing in common. All of these extracts are strengtheners of the immune system, with no or little side effects. A polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes, lentionin, is currently being marketed in Japan with great success.

10. Food value of mushroom Mushrooms have been treated as a special kind of food since earliest times. Chinese, Japanese, Romans, Mexican, American and Indians used mushrooms on special occasions like giving tribute to emperors, in religious ceremonies. Nowdays, the migrations of many millions of people with different food habits has spread the popularity of mushrooms.

After discuss and listen to research presentation in end year seminar, about system measuring in tractor movement using arduino by Fukushima Sensei from Mie University, our research team consider to adopt this technology for improve field monitoring and actuating system. In other hand, we have to familiar first with this device and how to program it. Actually this is my first time to do research with arduino, that’s why I start  to learn from official site and step by step to know what is arduino.

Official website of Arduino is [here], Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. It’s intended for artists, designers, hobbyists, and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments. more information please refer link above. I just need mind map to make me know whats is my device need for support our research, so that I try to figure it out mind map arduino, ofcourse in newbie point of view.

Bioproduction engineering laboratory focuses on agricultural machinery and peripheral related. IT agriculture also one of field study,especially application information and technology in agriculture( design and implementation field monitoring system, actation system, field works recording system)
Agricultural information system laboratory focuses on information processing, related with rice fields production. This laboratory studys about information process techniques, suc has support vector machine algorithm, classification and another datamining.techniques.
From this seminar I just the main focus of each laboratory.Although my research in agricultural Informatics i prefer belongs to bioproduction engineering laboratory, because the aim of my research is application and implementation Information and Technology, not only techniques information but also creating system and hardware.
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