4 Steps to Less Pet Allergies

1. Anti-Allergy Diet

• A first possibility if your dog has food allergies is to eliminate all common allergens from the diet (beef, dairy, chicken eggs, wheat, soy and corn).  Then re-introduce the food source one at a time for 6 weeks to see which ones cause an allergic reaction.
• Another possibility is the removal of the previous diet and the introduction of a novel protein hypoallergenic diet containing food components like lamb, fish, rabbit, venison, rice, potatoes or tofu.  This could be done using homemade diet (our recommendation), high quality natural commercial novel protein diet or commercial hydrolyzed protein diet. 
• For the patient with dermatologic symptoms, the trial and observation period should be 6-10 weeks for a reduction of the itching and scratching of at least 50%.  A high quality omega-3 food supplement (http://us.arcanatura.com/portfolio/omega-3-supplement/ ) should always be added to the elimination diet. 

 

2. Kill the fleas

There are 3 areas to consider in the battle against the fleas:  the pets, the house and the yard.  You should keep in mind that 90 to 95% of the flea population (eggs and larvae) lives in the environment and not on the pet.  Therefore, treatment of the house and the yard is a priority. 

Conventional flea control involves the use of insecticides:  new spot-on products such as Frontline^®, Advantage^® or Revolution^® are very efficacious to treat the dogs; synthetic pyrethroids can be applied in the house and organophosphates can be sprayed in the yard.  Although this approach may be necessary in the case of heavy infestation, natural solutions are safe and friendlier to the environment.

The first weapon is a flea comb to remove the adult fleas from the dog.  Soapy water can then be used to kill the flea and clean the comb.  Shampoos and sprays containing natural pyrethrins and essential oils (lemongrass, clove, thyme, peppermint, rosemary, neem and castor oil) work to control fleas on the animals but need to be applied frequently.  

Vacuuming and washing the floors often will remove adults, eggs and larvae.  Products based on boric acid or borate crystals, d-lemonene extracted from orange peel or essential oils (thyme, clove, neem, lemongrass) can be used on carpeting, hardwood floors, furniture and the pet’s bedding.  Finally to complete the natural approach to flea control, it is important to treat the yard as well by raking leaves and keeping the grass cut.  Diatomaceous earth and beneficial nematodes can be applied to grass to kill fleas.

3. Removing Environmental Allergens

There are a few simple steps you can take to reduce allergen contacts to your dog.

• It helps to keep your dog indoors as much as possible during allergy season.  Keep him or her away from freshly mowed grass, mulch and leaf piles.  Wash off his or her feet when they come back inside and brush them before entering the house.
• Frequent vacuuming and washing your floors will reduce both the allergens brought from outside and the house dust and house dust mites.  Your dog bedding should be the object of special attention:  wash linens, bedding and blankets every week in hot water (>130°F). 
• Remove clutter such as stuffed animals from your pet’s sleeping area to prevent dust accumulation.  Do not allow the pet into areas where dust accumulates such as closets, the laundry room or under the beds.  Change the air filter on your heating and air conditioning systems regularly.  HEPA air filters have been shown to trap a large amount of allergens.  To keep your dog healthy, keep his environment smoke free.
• Mold can grow wherever and whenever there is moisture so you have to keep the humidity low in the house at 30% to 45% by using a dehumidifier, air conditioning or any other ventilation system.  Clean moist areas where mold thrive such as bathrooms with diluted bleach.  Keep your dog out of the basement and bathrooms.

• The last step is called topical decontamination.  It is extremely important to brush your dog and to wash him or her regularly with a hypoallergenic natural shampoo to remove any allergen on the skin and fur and hydrates the epidermal layer.  During the peak allergy season, a bath every other day or even every day is recommended.  You can adjust the number of baths according to the season or the frequency of itching and scratching.  As long as you are using the right shampoo (http://us.arcanatura.com/dog-healthcare/choose-natural-shampoo-for-itchy-scratchy-dogs/ ) and the proper technique, there is no harm in washing your dog frequently to ease his or her itching and discomfort.

4. Limit ander from Other animals: In the house are all potential allergy inducers that can also bring pollen from the outside.  You should bathe them regularly with a natural shampoo including the cats if they tolerate it.  Make sure to wash the paws of other animals and brush them before entering the house.  You can also carry some pollen from outside so make sure to change clothes and shoes when returning from the backyard or even from an outdoor stroll.

By practicing all the above avoidance allergen techniques, you will keep your dog more comfortable and reduce his or her allergies. To learn more about our natural itchy dog detox kit, please visit our page here. 

featured photo: cleanhomelife.com; dog licking photo: petinsurance.com; vacuum photo: ajrosecarpets.com; grass: trailerchigirls.com; cat photo: knowyourmeme.com

Police reportedly found 209 puppies under 12-weeks-old, some as young as four weeks old, being transported in abominable conditions on an Italian highway. The truck full of puppies packed into small, dirty cages was seized on the border area between Italy and Austria and Slovenia. The truck was discovered by border police’s “Operation Bulldog” on Monday February 20, 2012. Authorities estimated the truck filled with various breeds of puppies was valued at approximately 230,o00 euros. 

Two Italian nationals are currently being quesitoned over the matter. 

This was not the first time police unveiled an inhumane puppy smuggling. Only a week prior, police had saved an additional 272 smuggled puppies from similar conditions. 

Watch the news video here on Huffington Post. 

black puppy photo: source; featured photo: awnnewpal.org

The Main Causes of Pet Allergies

1. Food: About 10-15% of allergic dogs are allergic to food.  A dog may be sensitive to proteins from meat such as beef (36%), chicken (10%), lamb (6%) or pork (4%), from dairy (28%) or eggs (10%) or to proteins from grains such as wheat (15%), soy (6%) or even corn. Many veterinarians also believe that food additives (dyes and preservatives) are common food allergens.  In 20-30% of the cases of food allergy, dogs have concurrent allergies(fleas, pollen…).  Food elimination trials, also called exclusion diet, will help you determine if your dog is allergic to food and to what components. Natural, organic foods such as steamed chicken and steamed vegetables are best for a healthy diet. 

1. Fleas: Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) is a severe allergic reaction to flea’s bite, more specifically to certain proteins in the flea saliva.  Some pets are so allergic that a single flea bite can trigger a reaction.

1. Other Pets and Humans: Your dog can be allergic to cats, other dogs or even to you.  The major allergen from cats, called ‘Fel d 1’ is a globulin found in salivary, sebaceous and anal glands.  It is transferred to the skin and fur by licking and grooming.  The saliva then dries and flakes off and floats away in the environment.  People and other pets can also release allergens from the epidermal part of their skin that flakes out as dander or dandruff.

1. The environment: Environmental allergens can come from inside or outside of the house.  Inside there is mold, house dust, house dust mites, insect proteins (such as in cockroach), carpeting, furniture stuffing and ornamental plants all have the potential to trigger an allergic reaction in your dog.  Many dogs are also sensitive to lawn grass or pollens from trees, weeds and grass.  Usually those allergies are seasonal and following the local TV or Internet news allergy report will tell you which pollen is a problem that day.  You should also be aware your dog will bring those allergens in your home with his or her paws and fur.

Your dog can also become allergic to medications and pharmaceutical products and even to common bacteria and fungi found on his or her skin.  Animals can also develop allergies to multiple allergens at the same time. Genetic and breed predisposition as well as other factors such as tobacco smoke exposure can also increase the risk for canine allergic dermatitis. The prevention and treatment of allergies is directed at reducing or removing triggers in the environment.  In the absence of a magic pill or shot to cure your pet, a comprehensive allergen avoidance plan and a treatment plan can be put in place. 

To learn more about ArcaNatura’s easy, 3 step itch dog detox kit, please visit our page here. 

featured photo: lookpictures.net

Question: Can Benadryl be used for dogs and cats with allergies?

Answer: Because of the difficulty to find the most efficacious product and the best dose as well as the potential side effects, anti-histamines should not be used in pets with allergies without close veterinary supervision. 

What are Antihistamines?

In humans, the symptoms of allergies include runny nose, itchy eyes, sneezing or wheezing. Although the immunological reactions leading to clinical signs are similar, your pet’s symptoms are different as they typically scratch, chew, rub or lick their skin.  Many human patients suffering from allergies rely on anti-histamines like Claritin, Zyrtec or Benadryl to releive the symptoms. However, the response of pets to anti-histamines is quite variable:  only anywhere between 10% and 30% of dogs show clinical improvement after treatment. 

Histamine is one of the chemicals released by the cells of humans and animals in response to contact with allergens.  Antihistamines work by blocking the histamine receptors and therefore preventing the negative effect induced by this mediator. Because histamine is not the only chemical mediator that causes clinical signs in allergic pets, anti-histamines are not effective in every animal.  The only way to find out the medicine’s effectiveness is by trial and error using the product for 7 to 10 days.  Antihistamines work best if used together with omega-3′s or as an aid to reduce the pet’s need for corticosteroids.  

The major side effects of antihistamine drugs include:

• Drowsiness
• Sedation
• Lethargy
• Nervousness
• Toxicity might be enhanced in pets with liver disease as the drugs are metabolized by the liver

How to Experience Less Allergies as a Pet Owner

Soothe Pet Allergies Naturally: As an alternative to drugs, some plant extracts such as aloe vera, chamomile or Hyptis capitata are inhibitors of histamine release from mast cells and they can be used to quell scratching and itching of your pets, especially topically in a shampoo or a lotion. A less allergic pet makes for a less sneezy, itchy, water-eyed owner. For less human allergies, adapt your pet’s routine to incorporate:

• Removal of allergens: Wash your pet often using natural shampoo.
• Anti-flea treatment: Fleas are a leading cause of itching and allergies in pets. 
• A natural, hypoallergenic diet: try natural/organic fish or chicken and fresh, steamed veggies. 
• A daily drop of liquid omega-3 to their food to improve the skin and soothe itching. 
• Liver support with a detoxing natural extract product – view Resolution-3 detox kit here.

For more information on detoxing your itchy dog or cat,  please visit our page here. 

Best Wishes,

Dr. Serge Martinod, DVM PhD

Have a question or concern about your cat? Click on the mail icon to contact Dr. Martinod!

woman/dog photo: canasiantimes.com; featured photo: nursebridgid.blogspot.com

Valentine’s Day Carob Dog Treats

Ingredients:

1 Egg

1/4 Cup applesauce

1/2 Cup (organic) chicken broth

1 Tablespoon honey

1Tablespoon molasses

1/4 Cup oil

2 1/4 Cups whole wheat flour

2 Cups carob chips

Directions:

1. Preheat oven to 300 degrees F
2. Combine egg, applesauce, broth, honey, molasses, and oil in a large bowl. Gradually stir in flour. (Dough should be stiff – add flour or water to adjust.)
3. Roll out dough into 1/4 inch thickness onto a well-floured surface and use a heart-shaped cookie cutter to cut Valentine’s day shapes out of the dough. 
4. Place pieces on lightly greased cookie sheets and bake for 30 minutes, or until the cookies are golden brown.
5. Melt carob chips in microwave or double boiler; dip half of the heart into the melted carob.
6. Place cookies on waxed paper and let stand until carob is set.  Enjoy!

[Original recipe from BestBullySticks.com]

featured photo: pagecovers.com

In a recent study, researchers from several US universities¹ demonstrated that even the mildest amounts of mercury from fish can meddle with the endocrine system and promote inflammation.  Consumption of fish by children resulted in higher levels of blood mercury relative to children that did not eat fish.   

Although these levels were previously believed to be non-toxic by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), they were associated with acute phase proteins suggesting systemic inflammation and disruption of adrenocortical function, which has been tied to cardiovascular disease.

Previously-supposed safe levels of mercury from fish might not be safe after all and results in major health problems.  Finding alternative sources of omega-3 other than fish or fish oil for is therefore vital to the well being of both people and their pets.

Cats and dogs need a daily dose of omega-3 supplement to prevent and manage inflammatory diseases such as arthritis (joint disease), allergies with itching and scratching, and senility or old age syndrome (cognitive dysfunction).  Algae based omega-3 DHA supplements are pollutant free, eco-friendly and an excellent alternative to seafood products. To learn more about a pure and safe omega-3 supplement, please visit our page here. 

¹ Fish consumption, low-level mercury, lipids, and inflammatory markers in children.  Brooks B.Gump, James A.MacKenzie, Amy K.Dumas, Christopher D.Palmer, Patrick J.Parsons, Zaneer M.Segu , Yehia S.Mechref, Kestutis G.Bendinskas. Environmental Research 112 (2012) 204–211. 

featured photo: beautyiswithin.net; dog photo: bloggingprweb.com

Researchers conducted a case-control study at the Foster Hospital for Small Animals at Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University in Massachusetts¹ to evaluate the risk associated with the chemicals used on lawns in dogs.  The results, just published in January 2012, are scary for all companion animal owners:  The use of specific lawn care products was associated with greater risk of canine malignant lymphoma (CML).  Specifically the use of professionally applied pesticides was associated with a significant 70% higher risk of CML and the risk was also higher than normal for exposure to herbicides and for owner applied insect growth regulators.

CML is also a model for human non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.  We are sharing our household environment with our dogs and cats.  Our pets may serve as sentinels for risks associated with environmental exposure to pesticides.  So for them and for us we need to consider carefully the need for that green grass and what we spray on it. Several studies reported in scientific journals in the past 10 years have shown that consumption of omega-3 or marine fatty acids was associated with decreased risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic lymphoma and leukemia (link to our previous blog) in humans and animals. To learn more about omega-3 for pets, please visit our page here. 

¹  Household chemical exposures and the risk of canine malignant lymphoma, a model for human non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Biki B. Takashima-Uebelhoer, Lisa G. Barber, Sofija E. Zagarins, Elizabeth Procter-Gray, Audra L. Gollenberg, Antony S. Moore, Elizabeth R. Bertone- Johnson. 2012. Environmental Research, 112, 171-176.

Featured photo:.lifesciencedigest.com; dog photo: ecomii.com

Like people, dogs too suffer from allergies. While human have runny noses and itchy eyes, sneeze or wheeze, our pets scratch, chew, rub and lick their irritated skin. Itchy skin is not only uncomfortable for your pet, but also a frustrating ordeal for many pet parents.

The Myth of Over-Washing Your Dog

For many years it was believed that frequent shampoos were bad for a dog’s skin. Most shampoos do contain harsh chemicals that have a tendency to remove some of the normal lipid layer (an oily film on the surface of the skin that holds the moisture in) making dogs more susceptible to skin problems like itching. Shampoo containing artificial components as can exacerbate problems in dogs with sensitive or irritated skin rather than soothing the problem. 

When choosing a shampoo for your dog, be sure to avoid: 

• Artificial colorings, perfumes, preservatives (including parabens)
• Chemicals including phtalates, sodium lauryl sulfate

In reality, it is a misconception that you should not bathe your dog very often. The frequent use of appropriate shampoo is actually an excellent method to ease your dog’s itching and discomfort. Veterinary dermatologists now recommend washing pets at least every week (and up to every day in severe allergic cases) with a soothing shampoo. Shampooing allows treatment of the entire surface of the body. As illustrated on the figure below, anti-prurit shampoos have 3 major beneficial properties that are crucial to resolve the itching problem:

Choosing a Shampoo: The Fine Print

• Always read the product content label: contents are require to be listed on the label in descending order of their presence in the product until you get to the substances that represent less than 1%
• Do not use a shampoo if you see long, impossible- to- pronounce chemicals when you look at the ingredient lists. 
• In particular, you should avoid products with the following compounds: sodium Lauryl sulfate, sodium Laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, sodium cocoglyceryl ether sulfonate  alkyl ethoxylate sulfate, cocamide DEA, luramide MEA, Lauric DEA, polysorbate-20,  diethanolamine (DEA), triethanolamine (TEA), methylchlrorisothiazolinone, glycol ethers phenoxyethanol, parabens, phtalates, polyethylene glycol (PEG), silicone, benzalmonium chloride, dicetydimonium chloride, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA). Artificial colors, fragrances and perfumes are unnecessary additives in any shampoo.

 What’s In a Good Natural Shampoo?

• Water.
• Cleansing agents to remove dirt, pollens. Only plant-based detergents such as natural surfactants from coconut and plants (Yucca glauca, Sapindus saponaria), Castille soap (saponified coconut and olive oil) are ideal.
• Humectants, emollient and moisturizing agents such as vegetable glycerin or honey.
• Plant extracts with anti-inflammatory, anti-histamine, anti-oxidant properties (calendula, nettle, colloidal oatmeal, aloe vera…).

The shampoo should be also environmentally safe:

• The surfactants and other components in the product should be of natural origin and highly biodegradable in order to avoid harming aquatic life and other properties of our environment. 
• The bottle should be made of recyclable material such as aluminium.

The Importance of “Clinically Proven”

A difference in your dog’s itchy skin can be noticed in just a few weeks, but it is important to ensure that the shampoo you are using is clinically proven efficacious. The term “natural” is not necessarily synonymous with “effective” or  ”non-toxic.” A critical question to ask: “Is there any evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of the product that you are going to use on your friend?”

How to Bathe An Itchy Dog

•     Use a mild shampoo with anti-inflammatory and anti-itch properties.

•     Cool water temperature: use lukewarm water, not hot water as it might increase skin irritation and make matter worse.

•     Gentle cleansing: do not scrub vigorously to avoid further irritation; use a massage-type motion to apply the shampoo.

•     Allow the natural shampoo to remain 10 minutes on the skin to allow the skin to absorb the beneficial elements and to help the skin retain moisture.

•     Rinse any residue completely from the skin and the coat: shampoo residue is a major cause of skin irritation in dogs.

•    Pat dry. After bathing, pat dry with a towel. Do not rub or blow dry as the heat can further dry the skin and increase the irritation.

•     Brush your dog daily to remove pollens, grass and other irritants and to prevent matting. As a plus, grooming is also a great way for you to bond with your dog.

  

For more info on our new and clinically proven 3-step itchy dog detox kit, please visit our Resolution-3 page here.

featured image: wufspa.com;    dog in tub: clickertraining.com; shampoo bottles: skyscanner.net

Answer:  Most cats do fine on either dry or canned food.  There is nothing wrong feeding each type of food to your cat, but it is not necessary to feed them both dry and wet food.

• Dry cat food:  The moisture content is 10%.  Make sure that your cat has access to fresh water.  It is usually rich in carbohydrate but contains less protein than canned food.  The dry food may be left at room temperature for long periods of time, as it does not spoil, allowing your cat to feed on a free-choice basis.  It might be slightly better than canned food for prevention of dental diseases.
•  Canned food has moisture content of 78%.  It is rich in lipids and proteins.  It can spoil quickly so it must be refrigerated.

A satisfactory diet can be made in any of these 2 forms.  A satisfactory diet should be complete (right amount of all required nutrients), balanced, digestible, palatable and safe.  You can either cook for your cat, or purchase high quality natural cat food.  Be sure to read the labels carefully to determine the source and amount of each ingredient.  Listed ingredients fall into 4 categories:  water, energy sources, protein sources and vitamins and minerals added to balance the food.

In any case, it is important to carefully monitor the daily food intake of your cat.  The amount of food required to maintain a normal body weight varies among cats, so your animal should be fed whatever the appropriate amount to maintain proper body condition.

Cats have specific nutrient needs and require dietary sources of omega-3 (as food supplement) and taurine (usually incorporated in the food) because they cannot synthesize enough from dietary precursors.  Cats also need more B-vitamins than other species and require preformed vitamin-A, which is found only in animal tissues. Cats also are more sensitive to taste, odor and physical form of the diet than other species so a change in diet can be tricky. Cats are also considered “nibblers” – when given the opportunity, they can eat 12 to 20 meals a day evenly spaced over 24-hour periods. This is certainly more easily achieved with dry food as it can remain in a bowl for long periods of time. Overall, there are pros and cons to both wet and dry food, but it is ultimately a decision for the cat owner to provide the correct nutrition according to your cat’s weight other nutritional needs. And remember, all-natural and organic are always best! [Click here for our easy natural cat dinner recipe]

I hope that provides a good amount of information to answer your question!

Best Wishes,

Dr. Serge Martinod, DVM PhD

Have a question or concern about your cat? Click on the mail icon to contact Dr. Martinod!

No matter what your cat’s diet consists of, adding a tiny drop of liquid omega-3 DHA daily to their food can provide an amazing array of health benefits including less allergies, less arthritis pain, healthier skin and coat and cancer management.  To learn more, please visit our page here. 

These new findings indicate that human-dog bond existed a long, long time ago – much earlier than previously thought by scientists.  This also reveals that dog domestication was multi-regional since humans and dogs were domesticated at different geographic locations rather than one main domestication event (as previously thought).

It is also interesting to notice that man established a relationship with the dog first for protection, companionship or helping with the hunt and were not used for milk, meat or wool like other animals such as cows and sheep. 

¹  Ovodov ND, Crockford SJ, Kunzmin YV, Higham TFG, Hodgins GWL et al. (2011) A 33,000-Year-Old Incipient Dog from the Altai Mountains of Siberia: Evidence of the Earliest Domestication Disrupted by the Last Glacial Maximum PloS ONE 6(7):e22821. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022821; Photo - woman kissing dog: afrojacks.com; featured photo: doglawreporter.com

Treatment of Equine Scratches

Step One: Eliminate the predisposing factors. One of the most important factor in successfully treating scratches is moving the horse to a clean and dry environment.

• Use paddock and pasture rotation and fences to keep horses to stand in wet and muddy ground for long period of time
• Keep the horse stall in the barn clean and dry; make sure you use chemical free wood shavings for bedding
• Avoid turning the horse on pasture too early if there is morning dew or frost
• Clip away excessive and long hair from the pastern
• Avoid frequent washing of the legs with harsh chemicals and detergents that can damage the epidermis layer of the skin
• Avoid using leg wraps, tack items or devices that could increase moisture retention.

Step Two: Prepare for local, topical care. In preparation to treating the infection, the goal is to clean the area without irritating it.

• Cut the hair in the pastern area with scissors or clippers, if necessary. Be careful not to break the skin when clipping around the affected area. 
• The scabs, crusts, dried serum and dirt should be removed very gently by using mild soap or natural mild shampoo, a mild chlorhexidine (maximum 2%) or povidine- iodine wash and a small amount of lukewarm water or physiological saline.
• Other washing methods include cleansing cloth (Dermacloth) or premoistened aloe wipes. 
• The area should then be carefully and thoroughly patted dry using clean towels or paper towels.
• The area is now ready for topical treatment.

Step Three: Apply topical therapy. The major objective of the topical treatment is to kill any bacteria or fungi and to reduce the inflammation.

Antibacterial / antifungal treatment:

• Shampoo: antibacterial/antifungal shampoos can help control bacterial and fungal infections when used daily for 7 to 10 days. Active ingredients includes chlorhexidine (2%) as  antibacterial and miconazole (1%), ketoconazole (1%) or enilconazole as antifungal.
• Dips and sprays: lime or precipitated sulfur can help controlling dermatophyte infections.
• Cream and ointments: Ointment containing antibiotic like mupirocin 2% (Bactoderm®) or a mixture of components like neomycin, nystatin and triamcinolone (Panalog® or Animax®) can be used to control bacterial or mixed bacterial/fungal infections.

• Ichthammol (sulfonated shale oil) is also used in veterinary medicine for its bacteriostatic properties for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders of horses. Other products containing silver and tea tree oil are also available.
• The response to a treatment with an antibacterial agent triclosan associated with two humectants monopropylene glycol and isopropanol (Mud Stop) was encouraging in a small uncontrolled  clinical trial.

Kunzea Oil for Clinically-Proven Results

In a recently published randomized scientific controlled trial of horses with scratches, treatment with an ointment containing 20% kunzea oil, a potent antibacterial essential oil  from Tasmania, salicylates, sulfur and zinc oxide  completely cured most of the cases (63.63%) within 7 days.  The ointment containing kunzea oil was much more effective than the control formulation containing the antifungal agent ketonazole (18% cure). The kunzea oil formulation resulted in a reduction of the total area of lesions from 40 cm² to 0.

Post-Infection treatment

Once the infection and swelling are no longer present, applying a cream like Desitin (zinc oxide) is suggested to best complete the healing process.

• Anti-inflammatory: Success has been noted with topical steroids such as triamcinolone and betamethasone applied to the lesions in conjunction with other treatments. Creams and ointments containing anti-inflammatory plant extracts such as calendula or willow bark are potential natural alternatives.
• Astringents: If lesions are exudative astringents such as lime or precipitated sulfur, witch hazel or zinc oxide can provide relief.
• Antiparasitic: This treatment is only necessary if mites or mange have been identified, or if there is a need to repel insects such as culicoides. Permethrins at concentration greater than 2%, fipronil spray or ivermectin orally (1% once a week 4 weeks 30 mg/200 lbs.) have been used successfully. The essential oil of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is also an appropriate choice for a natural insect repellent.

Systemic therapy for Severe Cases

(Only for the most severe cases under the supervision of a veterinarian.)

• Antibacterial/ antifungal: Enrofloxacin and trimethoprim potentiated sulfonamides are amongst the antibiotics commonly prescribed by veterinarians to treat severe bacterial infections of the pastern. Systemic antifungal therapy is rarely  necessary but ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole are sometimes recommended with variable success.
• Immunomodulatory therapy: In a few cases an immunosuppressive dose of steroids (dexamethasone or prednisolone, gradually tapered down) may be necessary to control immune- mediated equine pastern dermatitis and vasculitis. Supporting the immune systems of the horses as they fight off the infection can help speed up the healing. Echinacea plant extract or vitamin C can be used for supporting the immune system. 

After moving the horse to a dry area, cleaning the lesions properly and using the right products to control the infection and promote healing, a full recovery from scratches can be expected. To learn more about our clinically proven, natural equine scratches product, proven to heal your horse in seven days, please visit our page here. 

(Randomised controlled trial of the treatment of pastern dermatitis with a formulation containing kunzea oil. J. Thomas, C. Narkowicz, G.M. Peterson,  G.A. Jacobson, A. Narayana.  Veterinary Record 2009 164, 619-623.)

horse bedding photo: petcaregt.com;

What are the Symptoms of Equine Scratches?

Equine scratches affects mostly adult horses of both sexes and any breed. The infection is most common in draft horses and horses with feathering of the leg hair. Scratches usually involves the caudal part of the pastern with the hind limbs most commonly affected. It can also spread to the front of the pastern and fetlock. It is usually bilateral, but it can also affect one leg only. The initial clinical signs of Scratches include edema, redness scaling and eventually progress to exudation (visible fluids), matting of the hair, hair lost and crusting. Examine the information and photos below in order to best determine if your horse is suffering from Equine Scratches.

 There are three different clinical forms of Scratches.

This article shows the progressing stages of Equine Scratches from “Mild”, “Exudative” and “Chronic Proliferative.”

1. Mild form:

This is the most common form of scratches resulting in hair loss with dry scales and crusts.

Initial small red spot in the plantar pastern region of the legs

Symptom: Hair loss (Alopecia)

Symptom: Skin Scaling on Pastern

Symptom: Crusting

Symptom: Pruitus (itching) and Pain

2. Exudative form

The pastern area is covered with crusty, exudative material and often bleeds. The skin is reddened and swollen with hair loss and oozes variable amount of fluids, either clear yellow exudation or foul-smelling puss.

Symptom: Redness

Symptom: Erosion

Symptom: Ulcers

Symptom: Hair loss and matting of the hair

Symptom: Serous (yellowish, watery liquid)

Symptom: Purulent (malodorous) crusting dermatitis

Symptom: Edema

Symptom: Pain usually present; can cause lameness

3. Chronic proliferative form

Lesions include mixture of proliferative tissues, granulomatous lesions, erosive areas with a verrucose (wart-like) appearance in some cases.

Symptom: Hyperkeratosis

Symptom: Lichenification

Symptom: Fissures

Symptom: Excessive granulation tissue, nodular skin masses

Symptom: Papillomatous areas, verrucous skin lesions

To learn more about our revolutionary natural Scratches product clinically proven to heal your horse in seven days, please visit our page here. 

Hair Loss Pastern Photo: Wikipedia, Crusting Pastern Photo: Horsecity, Redness Pastern Photo: HorseandHound, Erosion Pastern Photo: NorthernEquine, Ulcers Photo: Horse Grooming Supply Forums, Hair Loss/Matting Photo: Horse Forums, Serous yellowish watery liquid Photo: forumlesecuriesdescoteaux.aceboard.fr, Edema Photo: Facebook, Lichenification Photo: NorthernEquine, Fissures Photo: HorseCity, Papillomatous Photo: HorseForum.com,

The following examinations can be conducted by your veterinarian or a specialized laboratory:

• Direct examination under a microscope for the identification of mites (Chorioptes);
• Staining with Diff-Quick stain for direct evaluation of bacteria (cocci-shaped bacteria like Staphylococcus, Dermatophilus congolense) or Malassezia. The staining can also be used to rule out neoplasia or decide the need for a biopsy
• Direct examination of the hair to identify dermatophytic spores
• Cultures using  DTM to confirm the presence of Dermatophyte  like Trychophyton equinum  or other medium for bacterial identification.
• A biopsy test may be considered if the case of treatment failure or relapses, or if an immune mediated disease or neoplasia is suspected.

 For more information on equine scratches including symptoms, causes, prevention and treatment, please visit our page here.

To learn more about our clinically-proven, 100% natural solution for Equine Scratches, please visit our page here. 

microscope photo: codingnews.inhealthcare.com

Natural Kitty Feast: Salmon and Potatoes

3 medium potatoes

1 organic salmon filet, steamed

1/2 cup grated carrot

Directions

Cook potatoes however you desire; then add in the salmon and carrots and mix well. Enjoy when cool. Makes 3.5 cups. Lasts in refrigerator covered for up to three days. 

Natural Health Benefits

Salmon is a super-health addition to any pet’s diet. It is full of good fat and Omega-3 DHA which is important for controlling inflammation that causes arthritis pain and allergies like itching, scratching and excessive licking. Choosing organic salmon is important to ensure the fish is less polluted from the ocean’s mercury and pesticide content. 

Natural Doggy Dinner: Yams and Chicken

4 skinned yams

3 cups boneless organic chicken

1 cup grated vegetables, any kind (carrots, broccoli, potatoes, etc.)

Directions

Bake skinned yams until thoroughly cooked. Cut chicken into pieces. Cook boneless chicken by either baking or steaming (do not fry). Mash cooked yams and mix in cooked chicken pieces and grated veggies. Serve when cool. Lasts in refrigerator covered for up to three days. 

Natural Health Benefits

Yams contain powerful antioxidants, natural anti-inflammatory nutrients, and have tons of healthy vitamins and minerals including vitamin A, vitamin C, manganese, copper, fiver vitamin B6, potassium and iron. They are also very high in starch so it is important to not feed your dog yams too often as they may cause weight gain. 

Check out more natural recipes here. 

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Adding a tiny drop of our liquid Omega-3 to your dog or cat’s daily meal will provide them with better brain function, memory, eyesight and less allergies, itching, inflammation and joint pain. Please visit our page here to learn more.

 Recipes Source: Natural Dog by Dr. Khalsa. Cat photo: webmd.com; Dog chicken photo: moneycrashers.com; featured photo: jootix..com; yams photo: self.com; salmon photo: supermarketguru.com 

Pastern Dermatitis, also known  under the colloquial names of  scratches, mud fever, dew poisoning and greasy heel, is a clinical syndrome caused by a number of predisposing, primary and perpetuating factors.

Under normal circumstances, the skin acts as protective anatomic and physiologic barrier between the external and internal environment, preventing microorganisms from entering the horse’s system and causing damage.  The skin is comprised of 2 layers: the epidermis (a non-vascular external layer with an average thickness 0.053mm) and the dermal layer (thickness ranging from 1 to 6 mm). The integrity of the skin could be compromised through abrasion caused by various factors, especially on cold skin softened due to permanent moisture and dampness. The continual wetting of the skin or wet/dry cycles causes a breakdown of the epidermis like the chapping of our own hands and lips, allowing the bacterium and fungi to enter and cause infection and dermatitis. In order to implement a prevention and treatment plan for equine scratches, it is important to clearly identify the causal factors.

Predisposing Factors:

Genetic

• Feathers (long hair) on pastern hold moisture and provide a warm and wet environment on skin surface which could enhance the growth of fungi and bacteria

Environmental

• Moisture, dampness and wet climate: muddy, wet paddocks
• Cold, frostbites
• Poor stable drainage (persistently moist conditions) and hygiene (urine, feces…)
• Sand or soil grit

Iatrogenic

• Irritant topical preparations and drugs
• Excessive washing of the legs
• Training devices, tack items (boots, wraps), grooming supplies.

Trauma 

• Certain traumatic injuries can increase the horse’s risk of contracting Scratches

Primary Factors:

Irritants

• Bedding/shavings

Parasites

• Chorioptic mange
• Mites larvae: chiggers, trombiculosis

Tumors

• Sarcoma, warts

Immune Mediated

• Allergy
• Photosensitization due to ingestion of photosensitizing plants like St John’s Wort, buckwheat, burr trefoil and perennial rye grass. Commonly used drugs, like the antibiotics trimethoprim, sulfa and tetracyclines, can also cause primary photosensitization.
• Vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels). 

Perpetuating Factors:

Bacterial and fungal infections

• Staphylococcus
• Malassezia
• Dermatophilus congolensis

Insects

• Insect and tick bites
• Culicoides

Movements

• the cracked skin can be difficult to heal since the area is always flexing as the horse walks

Environment

• UV light exposure
• Cold, dampness, mud.

 Unsure if your horse has scratches? Please visit our page here for photos and more information to help diagnose your horse.

horse skin photo: thehorse.com; leg feathers photo: myequestrianworld.blogspot.com;  horse running: composingnows.com