Art and War

footsteps of Prince Diponegoro

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Sun, 05 Sep 2010 08:02:00 +0000

Antawirya raised in Tegalrejo in the care of Queen Ageng, wife of HB-I. There he learned to recite the Quran and Islamic values. Tegalrejo also allows him to get closer to the people. Increasingly honed his spirituality with his favorite retreat, or retreat in the hills and caves surrounding areas. It thus makes more Antawirya not enjoy when you're on a luxurious palace, and even often hold events on a Western model. Included with the party drunk. Reportedly, Antawirya only "sowan" his father twice a year. Ie when the Idul Fitri and 'Gerebeg Mawlid ".
Antawirya then the title of Prince Diponegoro. He grew up a very well respected. His father wanted to choose it as the crown prince. He refused. He could not enjoy living in the palace. He even advised his father to choose Djarot, his brother, as crown prince. He will only accompany Djarot later.
In 1814, Hamengkubuwono III died. Prince Djarot, who just turned 13 years old, was appointed Hamengkubuwono IV. Practical power control Patih Danurejo IV controlled a pro-Dutch and even the Dutch lifestyle. Slowly getting away from the atmosphere of court life expected of Diponegoro. Especially after his brother, Hamengkubuwono IV died in 1822. On the initiative of Danurejo Similarly, Prince Menol new three-year-old was crowned as king. Makin berkuasalah Danurejo.
Diponegoro suggestions to no avail. Resident Danurejo and Yogya A.H. Smissaert instead plans to build a highway through the land of Diponegoro in Tegalrejo. Without warning, they peg-matok land. The followers of Diponegoro pull them out. Diponegoro asked the Netherlands to change its plan. Also to dismiss Patih Danurejo. However, on July 20, 1825, Dutch troops and besieging Tegalrejo Danurejo IV. Diponegoro local residents have been evacuated to the hills Selarong. There, he also organized the troops.
The battle broke out. Attempted peace efforts initiated. Prince of the Netherlands and sent Danurejo Mangkubumi-royal family who is still revered Diponegoro. However, after the dialogue, instead decided to join Mangkubumi Diponegoro. Governor-General van der Capellen reinforce its troops in Yogya. But the 200 soldiers, including commanding officer Captain Kumsius, died in Logorok, north of Yogya, the brunt of the troops under the command of the Diponegoro Mulyosentiko.
In this dispute, two-Surakarta palace and Mangkunegoro Pakubowono-side with the Dutch. Surorejo Tumenggung led force could destroy Mangkunegoro reinforcements. In Magelang, forces of Haji Usman Haji Abdul Kadir, and defeated the Dutch army Danuningrat Tumenggung. Danuningrat killed in the fighting. In Menoreh Diponegoro himself leading the fighting, which killed many soldiers and Regent of the Netherlands Sumodilogo Ario.
Prambanan headquarters was occupied. Dutch guns seized. In the area of Bojonegoro-Pati-Apex, the Dutch forces conquered people Sukowati Kartodirjo leadership. Dutch defense forces destroyed in Madiun Pangerang Serang and Prince Aha. The Dutch then brought the troops General van Geen notoriety in South Sulawesi. In the battle at Dekso, Sentot Alibasyah killed nearly all the troops. Van Geen, Colonel Cochius and Prince and Princess Panular Murdoningrat escaped.
Murdoningrat and Panular Diponegoro attack again. This time, along with Lieutenant Habert. At idle, they clashed. Habert Diponegoro was killed at the hands of his own. Surakarta, who agreed to fight the troops destroyed in Delanggu Diponegoro. Gowok fort led by Colonel Le Baron, fell in raid 15 to 16 October 1826. Diponegoro was shot in the leg and chest in the battle. Alibasyah Sentot troops who took only one step backward requested Surakarta palace. The purpose of war, said Diponegoro, was not a fight against the Dutch and fellow citizens.
The Dutch took all his strength. Padri rebellion in West Sumatra, for a while left. Approximately 200 forts have been built to reduce the mobility of the Diponegoro army. Slowly bring the results of these steps. Two important commander of Diponegoro caught. Kyai Mojo caught in Klaten on 5 November 1828. Sentot Alibasyah, in a position surrounded, surrendered in southern Yogyakarta on October 24, 1829.

Diponegoro and the Netherlands agreed to a peace bid. Dated March 28, 1830, accompanied by five others Diponegoro (Raden Mas Jonet, Diponegoro Anom, Raden Wet Martonegoro, Raden Mas Roub and Kyai Badaruddin) came to the office of Resident Kedu in Magelang to negotiate with General De Kock. They were greeted by the Dutch military ceremony. In the talks, Diponegoro demanded that gets "the freedom to establish their own independent state bersendikan Islam."
De Kock muslihatnya deceptive conduct. Shortly after the talks, Diponegoro and his followers brought to Semarang and on to Batavia. On May 3, 1830, he was exiled to Manado, and then moved again to no longer significant (year 1834) until his death. In incarceration, in Fort Ujungpandang, Diponegoro wrote "Chronicle of Diponegoro" as much as four volumes with 1357 pages thick.
Diponegoro leadership upheaval people have killed 80 thousand troops on both sides of Dutch-Javanese and Dutch citizens and have the financial drain colonial. It thus encourages the Netherlands to enforce the compulsory program that gave birth to many new rebellion among the clergy. In Java, the followers of Prince Diponegoro like Ario Renggo launched an insurgency continues despite a limited basis.

Prince Diponegoro (11 November 1785 - January 8, 1855).
Supreme commander in the Diponegoro War (1825-1830) who in the history books written by Dutch writer called Java Oorlog (War = Java).
Ontowiryo his given name, the eldest son of the third lane. Diponegoro was more interested in religious life and the people standing on the side so he preferred to stay in Tegalrejo than in the palace. Rebellion against the palace began in the leadership of HB V (1822) which became one of the Diponegoro guardianship members who accompany HB V 3-year-old, while the daily administration are held by Dutch resident Patih Danurejo together. How to guardianship was not approved Diponegoro.
In subsequent developments and the Netherlands tried to catch Diponegoro Diponegoro War erupted on July 20, 1825.
March 28, 1830 P. Diponegoro to General De Kock met in Magelang. De Kock forces entered the negotiations and urged the Diponegoro to stop the war. The request was rejected Diponegoro. But the Dutch have set up an ambush with care. Diponegoro was arrested that same day and disposed of, bus, and then to Semarang, and directly to Jakarta.
8 April 1830 in Jakarta and detained until the Stadhuis.
May 3, 1830 dispatched by boat to Manado Pollux and imprisoned in the fort Amsterdam.
1834 moved to the fort Rotterdam in Makassar, South Sulawesi.
January 8, 1855 Diponegoro died and was buried in the village of Makassar Malays

pesan oentoek pak beye

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Thu, 02 Sep 2010 07:15:00 +0000

pak beye...... mana semangat raden wijaya yang berhasil mengusir tentara tartar dari jawa

mana semangat keberanian untung suropati yang mengadakan perlawanan terhadap belanda di kertosuro

mana semangat bernyali sultan agung yang mengirimkan t...entara menyerbu batavia.

atau semangat diponegoro yang mematahkan perlawanan belanda di bagelen

pak beye kita bangsa besar orang orang itu tercatat dalam tinta sejarah
yang tidak pernah berpaling menjaga martabat bangsa

batas negara hanya berupa tanah ,air dan udara tetapi itu batas kita punya harga diri sebagai bangsa

Speech, " ganyang Malaysia" Soekarno

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Tue, 31 Aug 2010 03:25:00 +0000

For revenge, President Sukarno launched a movement known under the name Down with Malaysia. Down with Sukarno proclaimed the movement of Malaysia through a speech on July 27, 1963. The following contents:"
Kalau kita lapar itu biasa
Kalau kita malu itu juga biasa
Namun kalau kita lapar atau malu itu karena Malaysia, kurang ajar!
Kerahkan pasukan ke Kalimantan hajar cecunguk Malayan itu!
Pukul dan sikat jangan sampai tanah dan udara kita diinjak-injak oleh Malaysian keparat itu
Doakan aku, aku kan berangkat ke medan juang sebagai patriot Bangsa, sebagai martir Bangsa dan sebagai peluru Bangsa yang tak mau diinjak-injak harga dirinya.
Serukan serukan keseluruh pelosok negeri bahwa kita akan bersatu untuk melawan kehinaan ini kita akan membalas perlakuan ini dan kita tunjukkan bahwa kita masih memiliki Gigi yang kuat dan kita juga masih memiliki martabat.
Yoo...ayoo... kita... Ganjang...
Ganjang... Malaysia
Ganjang... Malaysia
Bulatkan tekad
Semangat kita badja
Peluru kita banjak
Njawa kita banjak
Bila perlu satoe-satoe!
Can burning patriotism nation heard speeches of Sukarno's Indonesia. Indonesia's sovereignty is considered the price of death for Proclaimers of the Republic of Indonesia.
End of confrontationToward the end of 1965, General Suharto took power in Indonesia after the coup taking place. Because of this domestic conflict, Indonesian desire to continue the war with Malaysia to be reduced and the war had subsided.
On May 28, 1966 at a conference in Bangkok, Kingdom of Malaysia and the Indonesian government announced a settlement of the conflict. The violence ended in June, and the peace agreement signed on August 11 and was inaugurated two days later.

History of "ganyang Malaysia"

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Tue, 31 Aug 2010 03:22:00 +0000

In 1961, Borneo was divided into four administrative. Kalimantan, an Indonesian province, located in south Kalimantan. In the north were the kingdom of Brunei and two British colonies of Sarawak and British North Borneo, later renamed Sabah. As part of its withdrawal from its Southeast Asian colonies, the British tried to combine its colonies on Borneo with Malaya to form Malaysia.
This plan was opposed by the Government of Indonesia, President Sukarno argued that Malaysia was a British puppet, and the consolidation of Malaysia would increase British control over the region, thus threatening the independence of Indonesia. The Philippines also made a claim for Sabah, arguing that it had historic links with the Philippines through the Sulu Archipelago.
In Brunei, North Borneo National Army (TNKU) revolted on December 8, 1962. They tried to capture the Sultan of Brunei, the oil fields and European hostages. Sultan escaped and asked for British help. He received British and Gurkha troops from Singapore. On December 16, the British Far East Command (British Far Eastern Command) claimed that all the main rebel centers have been resolved, and on April 17, 1963, the rebel commander was captured and the rebellion ended.
The Philippines and Indonesia formally agreed to accept the formation of Malaysia if the majority in a noisy area chose in a referendum organized by the UN. However, on 16 September, before the results of the election are reported. Malaysia saw the formation of this federation as a domestic problem, with no place for outsiders to interfere, but Indonesia's leaders see this as an agreement is being violated, and as evidence of British imperialism.
Since the anti-Indonesian demonstrations in Kuala Lumpur, when demonstrators stormed the building embassy, tore up photos of Sukarno, the state emblem of Garuda Pancasila brought into the presence of Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaysia at that time-and force him to step on Garuda, rage against the Malaysian Soekarno explode.
Sukarno's wrath because it condemned the actions Tunku who trample the symbol of the country of Indonesia [1] and wanted to take revenge by launching a movement known as "Down with Malaysia" to the state Federation of Malaysia which has been very insulting Indonesia and the Indonesian president.
War On January 20, 1963, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia announced that Indonesia took Soebandrio hostility to Malaysia. On April 12, Indonesian volunteers (likely an unofficial military forces) from entering Sarawak and Sabah to spread propaganda and conduct raids and sabotage. On July 27, Sukarno declared that he was going to "Down with Malaysia". On August 16, troops from Askar Melayu Regimens Kings faced with fifty Indonesian guerillas.
Although the Philippines did not participate in the war, they broke off diplomatic relations with Malaysia. Federation of Malaysia was formally established on 16 September 1963. Brunei and Singapore refused to join out at a later date.
Growing tensions on both sides of Malacca Strait. Two days later, rioters burned the British embassy in Jakarta. Several hundred rioters seized the embassy of Singapore in Jakarta and Singapore also houses diplomats. In Malaysia, Indonesian agents were captured and crowds attacked the Indonesian embassy in Kuala Lumpur. Across the border in Borneo, there was an ongoing border war; Indonesian troops and irregulars tried to occupy Sarawak and Sabah, with no result.
In 1964 Indonesian troops began attacking areas in Peninsular Malaya. In the month of August, sixteen armed Indonesian agents were arrested in Johor. Indonesian Armed Activities on the border has also increased. Sea Kings Tentera Malaysia deploy troops to defend Malaysia. Tentera Malaysia, only few are taken down and had to rely on border posts of command and control units. Their main mission is to prevent the entry of Indonesian troops to Malaysia. Most of the parties to armed conflict with Indonesia is the United Kingdom and Australia, particularly the Special Air Service.
On August 17 paratroopers landed on the southwestern coast of Johor and tried to form a guerrilla army. On 2 September 1964 paratroopers landed in Labis, Johor. On October 29, 52 soldiers landed in Pontian in Johor, Malacca border and were arrested by troops Regimens Askar Melayu At King.
When the UN accepted Malaysia as a non-permanent members. Interesting Sukarno of Indonesia from the United Nations on January 20, 1965 and tried to form the New Power Conference (Conference of New Emerging Forces, Conefo) as an alternative.
Olympic rivals, Sukarno held even GANEFO (Games of the New Emerging Forces), held in Senayan, Jakarta on November 10 to 22, 1963. Sports carnival was attended by 2250 athletes from 48 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe and South America, and covered about 500 foreign journalists.
In January 1965, Australia agreed to send troops to Borneo after receiving many requests from Malaysia. Australian troops lower 3rd Royal Australian Regiment and Australian Special Air Service Regiment. There are about fourteen thousand British and Commonwealth troops in Australia at that time. Officially, the British and Australian troops can not follow the attacker through the Indonesian border. However, units like the Special Air Service, both England and Australia, signed in secret (see Operation Claret). Australia recognizes this breakthrough in 1996.
In mid-1965, Indonesia began to use his official army. On June 28, they crossed the border into eastern Sebatik Island near Tawau, Sabah and dealing with the regimen Askar Melayu At King.

Why Bung Karno Soeharto did not want to beat

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Sat, 13 Jun 2009 10:09:00 +0000

ACTION Suharto by switches command Letters March 11, 1966 is very hurt feelings Bung Karno. Some petinggi the army still loyal to Sukarno, if it was felt outraged. It requires that Sukarno was founded with the rhythm and pasukannya Suharto. But Sukarno refused.

Sukarno did not want riots occur, especially in the army. Civil War, according to Sukarno, the wait is expected foreign colonial nation-mengincar India since long. After the outbreak of civil war, foreign, especially American and British troops to Indonesia with the reasons for saving their country, the diplomatic kedutaanbesar foreign companies they belong.

Note: Photos of loans TIME

Sukarno testimony about the reluctance of the methods of violence in the area was a minister in Suharto Dwikora, Muhammad Achadi. I Achadi, transmigration minister and former chancellor of the University of Bung Karno was two weekends ago in Jalan Taman Amir Hamzah, Jakarta Pusat. Achadi quickly told me and some friends. Wild Water and cooked bananas to guide our discussion this evening.

Komando Corps Commander (KKÖ) Hartono Letjen petinggi including one that stipulates that the army is ready, waiting for the command of Soekarno. KKÖ has long known how the lines of a large Soekarno. Hartono meaning, "said Bung Karno black, black KKÖ word popular in the time still owned today.

One day in mid-March 1966, Hartono, that when he Minister / Deputy The Navy came to the Merdeka Palace, at Bung Karno. If Achadi of reports on the arrest of a number of ministers of Sukarno, the forces loyal to Suharto.

Heard that after Achadi, Bung Karno said (approximately), "Yesterday afternoon Harto to come here. He asked permission to do so in the context of the Minister that the information Akan didemo by the students."

"But that is not under protection," said Achadi. To prove the report, the Minister Achadi ordered ajudannya Achmadi lighting. How Achadi, Achmadi also are in the epilogue of more than duty, stop bath pascapembunuhan six young officer and General Forces dinihari 1 October, 1965. Suharto also in the team.

But after some time attempted to Achmadi could not be contacted. When is not clear.

Hartono present to ask permission to Suharto and pasukannya. Bung Karno but shake his head, to prohibit.

Although still Achadi words, in addition to KKÖ, Pang Kodam Lima Amir Machmud Jaya, Pang Lima Kodam Siliwangi Adji Ibrahim and some other commanders kodam prepared Suharto.

"Bung Karno still shaking their heads. He certainly does not want bloodshed and civil war."

If so, what should we do, and ask Achadi Hartono.

Bung Karno ordered Hartono obscure that Suharto should not try to continue to develop. "Only those tasks which can be interpreted Hartono. The clearly not in the war," said Achadi.

The Achadi not have returned to their homeland in the region currently occupied Pancoran Suharto ordered troops Bung Karno night in the hostel Palace. Bung Karno also said that the government will be a meeting the next day. In the meeting also by Suharto Akan Achadi that are required to report on the arrest of a number of ministers.

"You dare to speak against Suharto," the Bung Karno Achadi.

"Ready," replied Achadi.

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"THEORY" AS PRESIDENT Sukarno manipulator G30S

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Sat, 13 Jun 2009 09:59:00 +0000

Bung Karn (BK), since the struggle for the independence of young people of Indonesia 's, at the height of his power as President of the Republic of Indonesia, suddenly raised, and how people who have power snatch a.k.a. coup, even if the rebels. How absurdnya! Prof. Dr. Brigjen Nugroho Notosusanto wrote: "On 1 October 1965 several groups of rebels gathered at Pangkalan Udara Halim. Cenk Penas groups occupy the building, the chairman and supporters of a total cohort case Susanto Air Commodore, and the third group (a lower amount), which consists of the chairman of the PKI and its Aidit pembantunya, two houses occupied Sergeant Air Suwardi "

As we know that the existence of BK Halim on 1 October 1965 on the basis of standards for the process of rescuing the President, because Halim always, that the aircraft can be in any situation, at the time of need. President Sukarno was accused of rebellion and coup d'etat do. Coup d'etat was carried out against President Sukarno government order under the leadership of President Sukarno itself. How balaunya road disorderly Professor Pak philosopher of this story, it makes no sense and do not know shame. Strange, if not the Professor Pak is also trying to BK photo image into a second historic announcement on 17 August 1945 Pegangsaan Timur, Jakarta, there seems to BK. Doctor treated the history and the history of science history as personal property, if the power hungry are far as to forget that there are other specialists, in addition to the history and the history of his students in the laity, and smart enough to read history.

What is supported by the new order of Diop historical analysis of G30S by General Nasution (with the "wise" General Suharto menuduhnya not explicit) in his book "Speed Meets tasks Jilid 6: The resurrection of New Order, 1988. Nasution, two ways, first in Senayan BK speech the night of 30 September 1965, the world pewayangan also Kresna BK counseling Arjuna ksataria figures that the task was not the victims [it menghubungknnya with G30S is in preparation]. Then remembered that BK evening celebration with joyful songs and dances nyanyi [is meant to commemorate the victory G30S]. Then it is also the testimony of Colonel Bambang KKÖ Wijanarko, a guard of President Sukarno by questioning Kopkamtib on receipt of a letter from BK in the night from Senayan Letkol Untung [G30S, the lowest number of troops are preparing to abduct the general].

The analysis has become a sort of fairy tale detective dirangkai that cheap. The entire population of Indonesia, the world as a speaker BK, which is always burning a couple of words quoted from the wisdom of many world leaders, including pewayangan history of a great disukainya. He loves singing and dancing in many joyous celebration. So the story is that General Nasution was about BK not at all new things. A story that leads readers can dibodohi and naive perception that BK G30S, even dalangnya.

What's in the General Nasution and then packaged in a "scientific" and "theory" by Antonie Dake in his book "In the spirit of the Red Banteng: Indonesian Communists in Moscow and yell, 2002. Then, in the book updated Sukarno file -- File Sukarno1965-1967, a history of decline, 2005th G30S that the initiative to take action against a number of observations of the President Sukarno, Aidit cs next time the sponge. ortografia Can "theory" Dake it is only through questioning of Bambang Wijanarko. excluding the testimony of how a strip can dikorek and military authorities, which treat as a mosquito dijentiknya may at any time and without protection. They are experts in dealing with this interrogation scheme model right to know what kind of testimony that Wijanarko cited Dake and pillars of the theory. Dake adds to reality in 1972 when he arrived in Indonesia, has found the government of Sukarno Suharto is not in G30S. With the possibility of such a witness, to the detriment Wijanarko direkayasa Sukarno terbantah although still possible. Dake presumably less able to the spirit of the scheme Orba. Every student knows the policy, if necessary, when adjuvant Suharto Sukarno speaking, that would be with the "fun" Millions of people still love the expression of BK with Java the song-Suharto, Mikula Dhuwur mendhem jero.

Bambang Wijanarko difficult testimony will be discussed by Colonel pomata Maulwi saelan, Wadan Cakrabirawa which on this night, 30 September 1965 in Senayan, never closely BK return to the palace, there is no movement Gerik BK separately from the observation that saelan. He believes that, as a strange and direkayasa. Direkayasa description of this award, Bambang Wijanarko saelan and not before the examiner for the description of the disc Wijanarko Bambang arrest of more than 4 years. "Theory" the next to be provided by Victor M FIC with romantic elements, in Book 1 coup in October 1965, a study of the plot, in a discussion between Aidit with Mao Dzedong, which is also similar to that of a detective story that not shocked Jakarta in 2005 as before.

The Keblinger

After the analysis of President Sukarno of G30S, formerly known as Gestok as indicated in a speech Nawaksara Completion ", from" sitting "three reasons, namely: a) keblingernya PKI leader, b) caginess subversion Nekolim, c) is the person - Person, "is not true." According to what the human BK is very harmful, because PKI and legitimize the accusations of support for General Suharto as the mind of the G30S PKI, so that an important andilnya devastation in PKI, including the mass killing.

Bemarkah so? Conclusion this far from the facts that have occurred. BK is a speech given on 10 January 1967 to Merdeka Palace and in a letter to supplement speech Nawaksara leader MPRS the same day. The PKI is dihancurlumatkan of General Suharto, in 1965-1966, millions of people, there are hundreds of thousands of people in prisons and camps across the country. They are still in progress outside of the breadth of research or for the survivors of the step in Büron while searching for food and shelter, first hand, without any exception of individuals. Every time you are outside or in the care of their risk of becoming cecunguk Orba Terrace including a number of leaders. PKI and destruction, mass murder is already in the planning and be ready much sooner if Cerm secret CIA documents and events in different places, at the beginning of October 1965, as in North Sumatra, Banten, and a number of places of Central Java and East Java.

As we know, the development of military G30S lasted less than 24 hours after RPKAD by troops under the command of Colonel Sarwar Edhi. On 1 October 1965 President Sukarno ordered all parties in motion, the leader of the military temporarily dipegangnya. This is not dihiraukan of General Suharto, because he is part of BC as a "personality is not true that most new keblinger. Ha military measures in response to the massacre.

Most of the BK support, particularly in the armed forces until the end of 1965 and the beginning of 1966 we expect the voice of the people to act quickly to commands, according to the protester, General Suharto CS, before the demonstrators and anger in this country. Sukarno not sebodoh Stories General Nasution do, whisper and avonturisme child quality, it is not. Sukarno was a statesman who constantly need of unity and struggle of people in Indonesia. Great statesman in the time the last ball game of power and personality to the unit of dipoteng-poteng General Suharto military regime.

General Suharto with a "gap" BK for the next steps to tame and BK meringkusnya. BK still in need of unity and fight against violence, and his power until the last second, allowing the possibility of General Suharto of bloody violence on a large scale and systematic killing of a group of people loyal support BK, practical means faint, their own neck of digorok. Until the last second BK to reject the proposal, particularly the followers of 'army to the resistance to General Suharto steps bloody violence.

Tactics adopted by General Suharto in Hecatomb PKI and movement to the left, as a potent political force after the next goal: the president Sukarno, has praised the input of the United States in secret CIA documents to President Johnson after a meeting with the Greens Dubes, 23 February 1966 as well.

After the overthrow of President Sukarno

According to the history of Indonesia BK dijatuhkannya lines, and diperjuangakan her, as young people, terjungkirbalik Indonesia is a country of oppression, depending on the country to almost everything. The culture of corruption mencengkeram in fact all aspects of the life of the nation, with the teachings of the rat Trisakti, free of politics, their strength for the economy and culture in berkepribadian. Pancasila is dikumandangkan of penggalinya as a potential unifying the whole nation was pecahbelah military regime Orba, manipulation tool in various fields. Be Pancasila azas singular commentary with the sole military regime of General Suharto interests of the regime, so it is as a tool pecahbelah Pancasila and discrimination against the nation itself, together with the inherent culture of violence so far.

History expert Prof. Dr. Nugroho Notosusanto Brigjen also excavators Pancasila not declare BK, Pancasila was born on June 1, 1945 with the famous speech that the BK and the title "The Birth of Pancasila." All those who study history and read messages from BK young, since 1926, will know that Pancasila and made a speech in the 1st June 1945 is an appropriate development of the concept of BK on the foundations of the country Merdeka Indonesia. Pancasila is not a new idea that came suddenly, but something that was long a series of letters and speech BK ideas for dozens of years in a variety of writing and pronunciation, and in detail in June pidato1 above. Speaking next Pancasila is made to go together in the Constitution, 1945. (Harsutejo, passages from the manuscript was not published).

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Message from the Director of the Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 05:28:00 +0000

In principle, the history, governance-country expertise, and diplomacy in Aceh has been known through the records archive or other collection. The documents are not so affected by the dynamics of the turbulence of war, the amanan-, and climate.

Us as far as one, several documents are stored in the fort the king (in) the ruler of Aceh Aceh since the latter is able to take advantage of the English merchant and the messengers of the Agreement signed in 1819 by Stamford Raffles represent UK with Johor Sultan al-Alam. In January 1874, when for the first time in the drawn-over-soldier foreign soldiers, Sutan Mahmud most successful save that document, although until now no one knows what is actually happening with these priceless heirloom. Fortunately, among the left, of the Netherlands to find at least one important item that can memuluskan invasinya: secarik a beautiful letter to Ibrahim Sultan of Aceh, by the Emperor of France, Louise Philippe, and his foreign minister, Guizot, in January 1843. Letters are then stored in the Jakarta Museum.

Very fortunate that there are many letters of Aceh terlestari well in Europe, given the climate there are more to keawetannya. Moreover, customs documents to save the country have since the 16 century. For the first time the collection securities and written evidence prakolonial era Aceh exhibited together.

Top terkumpulnya material from the collections of different national, rightly, if we are especially grateful to a number of delagasi International Conference for the Study of Aceh and Indian Ocean Regions (ICAIOS) this. Of which:

- Professor Jorge Santos Alves from the Institute of Research Study-orient, Universidade Catolica Portuguesa (Lisbon) for the source materials Portuguese;
- Dr. Annabel The Gallop, curator of script-script from the British Library Literature, for the material from English sources;
- Dr. Ismail Hakki Goksoy from Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, for a number of archives and collections Usmaniah Kingdom;
- Professor Pierre Yves Manguin from The Ecole Francaise dExtereme-Orient, Paris, for the collections of France.

Aceh, along the 16-century to early 19th century, has a broad diplomatic relations, something that rarely owned by the Kingdom of the Isles. The advantages of the Netherlands this is not the only place to find the most rich korespondensinya. While other kingdoms signed the required agreement with the VOC diplomatis curb their freedom to negotiate with other parties, Aceh would maintain this right until the Dutch conquest early in the year 1873-4. Utuhnya sovereignty is indeed worrying policymakers in the Hague. The Hague-was always was on the occurrence of the forces that may be membuyarkan agreement with the Netherlands to Aceh can only terdepak. This is the fear that was one of the reasons why the Dutch make big mistake by doing that inbreak reap disaster, and when the rush, feel obliged to issue a formal declaration of war who communicated with regard to the strength-strength of the World at that time.

At this time the exhibition is also presented collections that have never been published or on view. In addition to letters from several important nations languages Malay (Malay-speaking World), letters from the authorities terawal Southeast Asia that is still awake in the various corners of the world also displayed no lag. The Sultan Pasai Pidie and only have each other to each letter of the Portuguese nation since the beginning of 1512 and 1520, far before the Aceh coast of northern Sumatra dominate. Resurrection of Aceh, one of them, triggered by a sense ketidaksukaan many Muslim merchant and trader of other mixed-Portuguese in the affairs of their kingdom. One of the Arabic text is the most likely original. Unfortunately, the document only available in Portuguese translation. Despite demikan, it gives us a glimpse of views about the style of writing a letter diplomatis nation Aceh.

Slightly more ancient, and even up to now is much less known, is the exchange of diplomatic exchange between-Alaud Sultan Shah Riayat-din al-Kahhar (memerintah1539-71) and the Sultan of Turkey Usmani along 1566-8. This extraordinary alliance, first, is the result of the pepper trade that directly connect to Aceh to rival the Red Sea nation ships pepper Portuguese around Africa. The Alliance is also in order to lay the strength of associates to the Muslim resistance to the military / religious against the Portuguese. In the 1560's, diplomatic contacts with this dibalas Turkey to send some amount of ordnance to Aceh. Cannon-cannon is now stored as a sign-of-war in the Museum Bronbeek Netherlands, as well as expert and sniper weapons. While Aceh threatened again in the 19th century, by the Netherlands, this dikenang relationship between the parties and updated through the application of further assistance in the military 1868-73.

Most valuable letters in this collection is actually the King of Aceh's most powerful: Sultan Iskandar Muda (ruled 1607-36). Dr Seturut explanation. Gallop, a letter intended for the English King James I in 1615-this Malay Language, to be ornament, the oldest, beautiful. And, considering the high reach nearly one meter, making it the largest and most of the spectacular. Writing a letter, instead of as a strong statement on how important sultanate of Aceh as a major force in the world, even the desire to show that in parallel with the Indian Ocean monarkh others who received letters of Mughal India, Siam, Turkey is not ubahnya such as the European nations.

Up to now, the item-tem of the century to be regarded 18-bit, partly due to a lack of research at that time. Fortunately, the Danish National Archives (Rigsarkivet) in Copenhagen still save documents in Malay and Arabic from Aceh that there is no estimated cost, including 21 letters from the sultan of the kingdom of Aceh to the East Indies Company in Tranquebar Danish property, since the late 17th century and 18.

In the 19th century, along with more competition to control the sharpness strategic area of Aceh, diplomatic correspondence also become more bold. In addition to a number of other letters exchanged with each other English and Portuguese in the era 1820-an, mail correspondence with Turkey in recent years the sovereignty of Aceh also participated in the exhibition is displayed.

We grateful to the scholars who have brought all the material for display at the Museum Aceh. Do not forget, thanks also to all your support over the BRR, to makes things possible.

Prof. Anthony Reid,
Director of Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore

Military Force Structure War Atjeh Kingdom

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 05:27:00 +0000

Central warlord Amirul Harb

According to Nature Meukuta Qanun (the Constitution of the State / Act Atjeh Kingdom), among the state institutions there is a supreme warlord Central Amirul Harb (the Department of Defense), and high officials who memimpinnya title Orangkaya warlord Wazirul Harb (Defense Minister), which tend Forces and Navy.

Qanun further mention degrees officer at Central warlord, namely:

1. Series Bentara warlord

2. Tandil Amirul Harb

3. Tandil watchtower warlord

4. Budjang watchtower Bentara Sijasah

5. Budjang warlord

6. Tandil Bentara Semasat

7. Bentara Budjang Sidik

8. Tandil Radja

9. Budjang Radja

10. Magat Seukawat

11. Budjang Akijana; and

12. Tandil Gapounara Sijasah
War Force Development

Sultan Ali Mughayat Syah (1511-1530 F), Kingdom builders Atjeh Darussalam has established the four basic state policy, one of them, namely, build the Armada (Navy) is strong.

Sultan Alaiddin Riayat Syah (1539-1572 M) with the more famous Al Qahhar immediately Mughayat Ali Syah plan to build the fleet and the war is strong, as well as a military cooperation with countries Ottoman Turkey (Turkey Usmani). Staff engineer for engineers brought from Turkey, Arabia and India. Turkey to send its own experts 300 in question.

Sultan Iskandar Muda (Iskandar I, M 1606-1636), which build on the work philosophy, strong Who lives, who continue to strengthen the weak and drowned mempermodern angakatan the war, land and sea.
Dub-dub Military Forces War Atjeh

1. Si Pai (soldier)

2. Tjut (corporal)

3. Banta Medium (Sergeant)

4. Banta (Sergeant Major)

5. Banta Setia (Pembantu Letnan)

6. Pang Tjut (Letnan II)

7. Pang Young (Lieutenant I)

8. Pang (Captain)

9. Bentara Tjut (Mayor)

10. Bentara Young (Lieutenant Colonel)

11. Bentara (Colonel)

12. The Sukey (brigadier general)

13. Tjut commander (Major General)

14. Youth commander (Lieutenant General)

15. Commander (General)
Buhon Forces (Army troops)

1. Sabbath (shift)

2. Rakan (Peleton)

3. Friend (Company)

4. Balang (Battalion), Ulee Balang (Battalion Commander)

5. Sukey (Resimen)

6. Sagoe (Devisi)
Neumat Buet (Position)

1. Ulee (commander)

2. Rama Setia (Ajudan)

3. Keudjruen (Ajudan General)

4. The Keudjruen (Panglima Ajudan)

5. Keudjruen Balang (Ajudan Battalion)

6. Peurintah (Komando)

7. Ceremony (Staff)

8. Tuha Ceremony (Chief Representative)

9. Customary Meuhad (Special Representative)

10. Kaway (The guard / picket)
Customary Peurintah Sagoe (Staf Komando Devisi)

1. The Peurintah Sagoe (Panglima Devisi)

2. The Wakilah (The Deputy)

3. Bentara Rama Setia (Ajudan Kolenel)

4. Pang Setia (Ajudan Captain)

5. Tuha Peurintah Ceremony (Head of Staff Komando)

6. Keudjreun (Staff ajudan)

7. Pang Muda Setia (Ajudan Lieutenant)

8. Customary Samaindra (Administrative Staff)

9. Customary Seumasat (Intelligence Staff)

10. Customary Peunaroe (Production Staff)

11. Customary Seunaroe (Staff Logistics)

12. Customary Meuhad (Special Staff)

13. Tantra Bala Sidek (Military Police Corps)

14. Tantra Bala Rantoe (Army Field / infantry)

15. Bala utoh Pande (Zeni Corps Building)

16. Bala Surah Hanta (Transportation Corps)

17. Bala Buleun Mirah (Corps of Red Cross)

18. Bala Dapu Balee (Corps supplies Barak)

19. Balang Balee Raya (Garnizun Battalion)

20. Balang Meuriam Lila (Alteleri Battalion)

21. Friend Bala Elephant (Kaveleri Battalion)

22. Tare Tuha Ceremony (Chief Representative)

23. Ulee Ceremony (Perwira Staff)

24. Ulee Bala (The Corps)

25. Ulee Friend (Company Commander)

26. Ulee Balang (Battalion Commander, who double as the civilian head of government)

Mataram Kepung Benteng Hollandia

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 05:18:00 +0000

By Alwi Shahab

Mataram kingdom is that the entire island of Java, except Banten and Batavia, the Dutch occupied since 1619. VOC that are trying to conquer the power of Mataram, Sultan Agung create malicious.

As a reward, the Sultan focus to attack the center of power kompeni: Batavia. Since the beginning of 1628 Sultan Agung issue the command:''prohibits the sale of rice in the VOC. Who violate this prohibition will be punished heavily.''To be the closing (the city) all the Java coast.

Based on the Dutch historian notes DR HJ De Graaf (died 1920s), closing (the city) all done in the Java coast early 1628.

Tuesday 22 August 1628: The Top Fleet Java Tumenggeng Baureksa with 50 gorab (ship Java) with the 900 crew that includes: 130 head of cattle, 3,600 liters of rice, 10,600 bundle of rice, 26 thousand grains of coconut, sugar stem 5900.

Thursday August 24: Seven ships arrive Java. Friday 25 August 1628 arrived 27 more ships to load the Java cattle.

Crew attack the market and guard the fort VOC that after a while it has not been built. Javanese people who were out of the way across the water with the feet and combine ourselves with friends. They continue to forward to the wall behind the fortress.

There was a battle until the morning. Mataram troops retreat and left one man with a spear in the hands of the more run here shouting 'berserk'. Ditembak by 30 he shot a gun before one's fate. Mataram troops landed in the back and Marunda.

According to Andy Alaxsander, historical observer / user super impose, the fort where troops Mataram Hollandia encirclement do now is located in the vicinity of Jl Lodan (Kampong Bandan) - Jl Pinangsia East (kala Buiten Kaaimanstraat was called), not far from the shopping center Glodok.

In the battle still continues, troops Mataram be naked without clothing and footwear while VOC forces clothes and hat steel war.

Saturday 26 August 1628 arrived with the troops of Mataram flutter flag-bearer at the bottom of the Panglima Temanggung Baureksa from Kendal. In attack to Batavia, Mataram recruit about 90 thousand soldiers.

Batavia walking to take three months and two weeks with the ship. On 10 September 1628 Mataram army defense lines up to promote the 'pistol shot far from the city and hide in the wood and bamboo barricade. Meanwhile, gun and armament they drawn by water buffalo (gig).

Wednesday 12 September 1628, the 65 Dutch troops (150 shot protected) strike 'baluwarti' drive out troops Mataram 200-300. 30-40 Mataram troops killed. People help China join the Netherlands and with the spirit of burning trench Mataram.

Abstinence with the spirit of surrender, Thursday 21 September 1628 a night full of troops Mataram climbing stairs or smash with the Netherlands until the missile runs out. Dutch strike back with 300 soldiers and 100 civilians (consisting of Merdicker - people who have been freed from slave - and China).

Sekiutar 1200-1300 Mataram fallen troops. Around 2000 to 3000 thralled. Introgasi prisoners from 3000-4000 is estimated to still roam in the forest looking for food.

Saturday 21 October 1628, Commander Jacques Lefebre with 2886 people, two ships, beach, boat and ship tujuah full 150 people from the river and land. There was a fierce battle. Tumenggung Baureksa and her son killed along with 200 troops Mataram.

Not long after new Mataram entourage arrived and joined the rest of the troops who divorced. This raises fears in the Netherlands. This time the troops Mataram Netherlands because almost endless bullet. Dutch troops killed tens and hundreds of lost weapons.

In a tense situation sergeant VOC get mad schemer. He ordered subordinates to pour troops Mataram feces to try looking up at the wall of the fort. They also fled while yelling, "O, seytang the same Ollanda debakkalay tay!"

Therefore, the Betawi interpret the word comes from the word 'tai'. According to the DR HJ Graaf troops only if the forward Mataram attacks Batavia kemungkin city akan rebut them.

The new army commander Tumenggung Agul Sura-Agul and both brothers are Maduredja Kyai and Upa disappointed because Santa ditaklukkan Batavia failed. Mataram dam the river approximately one mile from the city employs over 3000 people a month. However, running slow because of hunger.

Monday 37 November 1628 Benteng Hollandia attacked again Mataram 400 soldiers, most of the killed and the rest fled. Friday 1 December 1628: Tumenggung Agul-ordered binding Agul Kyai Dipati Manduredja and Upa Santra following fruit and children 'through the courts over the king of Mataram die because they do not battle furiously and Batavia failed ditaklukkan'.

Sunday, December 03, 1628 Dutch troops the execution of 744 victims of post-mortem. According to Andy Alexsander, executions carried out around the hospital Husada, Mangga Besar, West Jakarta, when it was still a forest grove.

One of the failure of Mataram in addition weapons that are not balanced, the ancestor of us when it can not combat system with the European 18-th century with the city looking up at the wall.

http://www.republika.co.id

Van Heutsz

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 04:51:00 +0000

# From Heutsz

Generally recognized as the ultimate conqueror of Aceh.
After his governorship promoted to Governor-General of the whole Dutch East Indies.
Aceh used the method in the outer regions with the result more or less centrally from Batavia led colony.

In fact, Heutsz From the founder of the current unitary state of Indonesia, at least as regards its external borders.

Both in the Dutch East Indies and the Netherlands, following his death in 1924 many monuments set up in the Netherlands are still there and some are really into their stomach, Wed ARCENGEL.

To begin with, but a biography of Van Heutsz, written in 1941:

Governors-General on my page biographies of all other Governors-General of Dutch East Indies

John Benedict of Heutsz

born February 3, 1851 in Coevorden, the son of J. F Heutsz and female M L. Cakes; came to his 16th year of service as a volunteer at the instruction battalion to camps in August 1872 and was appointed lieutenant of infantry 2Den. Following the outbreak of war den Aceh early and in 1873 he transferred to the Indian army, was a year Surabaya in garrison in November 1874 and was placed on Aceh. All at once he distinguished themselves to such an extent that he November 1875 the Military William Order 4th class acquired. Once in 1876 he became first lieutenant, and was followed by transfer to local adjutant Surabaya, where he returned to Aceh in January 1879 left.
In the same year he passed the entrance examination to the higher Military School, but could not be located, when is this event repeated in 1881, asked and obtained leave it outside object van den lande, was in his interests, and received his award. Autumn 1883 to Indie returned, he was seconded to various weapons in 1886 and reached den masters grade. If zoodanig he eenige years working in the den generals headquarters staff, in August 1889 until he was appointed chief of staff of General Van den Teyn, Governor of Aceh.
In this position he ijverde for a powerful attacking tactics. On several occasions he distinguished itself in combat operations in 1890, where he once a very serious gunshot wound in the chest was this action brought him on January 6 of that year and 7 October eeresabel choice promotion to Major.
When Van Teyn place was another governor, asked Van Heutsz transfer battalions in 1891 and was commander Meester Cornelis. Here in 1902 he published his sensational brochure "The subjugation of Aceh, where he argued with more troops, now concentrated argument layers, Aceh to conquer. For the time he was not given the opportunity to make his speech.
From mid 1893 to January 1893 due to illness he stayed in Holland, where in 1894 he was promoted to supervisor. After recovery he was eenigen time regional military commander of Sumatra's east coast, but after den waste Toekoe Oemar den governor of Aceh added. Even now, he carried out a number stoutmoudige acts, who in 1897 the Military William Order 3rd class and extraordinary promotion to colonel spent.
At last he, supported by GG Van den der den Wijck and skills adviser Dr. C. Snouck Hurgronje, fully implement his views when he was 25 March, 1898 was governor of Aceh. After a series of extraordinary acts in 1904 was the great work be considered as completed.
From Heutsz was intusschen become Major General (1898), knight of the NederIandse Lion (1899), commander of the MWO and Lieutenant General (1901)), adjutant general of the Queen (1902) and large cross MWO (1903).
The following year the Queen appointed him Governor-General. He claimed the land guardianship of 1 October 1904 to 18 December 1909 and launched the Aceh policy towards other Outer Possessions continues. Until the furthest corners Nederlandsch authority was established, the necessary basis for economic development and exploitation.
From 1910 to 1922 was Heutsz located in Holland, when he had a softer environment search and stayed alternately in Meran and Montreux. In the latter place he died den 10den in July 1924.

Map of Aceh during the period of Heutsz Van Daalen and his chief of staff, called the Van-Daal-ism period, thus Alarm (a link with shocking passages ....)

Many more details about the Dutch war of aggression against the independent sultanate of Aceh can be found on my pages Aceh and Aceh tale heroes, which we describe the conquest of Aceh, according Tjoet NJA Din, the woman who until the last was against the Dutch:

With a few remaining fighters attract Tjoet NJA Din and Pang La'ot six years through the jungles of Sumatra, down by Van Heutsz 'brigades. An 'all that hardship is Tjoet NJA Din quickly deleted. Rheumatism makes it invalid, the same eye disease as her father Nanta Setia make her blind. "

On October 16, 1905 Pang La'ot goes to the Dutch and ask them Tjoet NJA Din to 'save'. After hours march'24 'succeed Lieutenant Van Vuuren at the bivouac of Tjoet NJA Din to achieve and want Tjoet NJA Din to oppose it seeks itself krissen.

Surrender of Tjoet NJA Din, in addition to its La'ot Pang

The government decision to ban her Soemedang in Preanger in West Java. For all its forced departure to Aceh oeleëbalangs and oelama's her visit to her the honor to prove they deserved it.

Java restores Tjoet NJA Din, it is even by the Dutch operation. She lives in a the government paid house and by the Dutch resident treated as a queen with employees, appropriate to increase its origin.

On November 9, 1908 dies Tjoet NJA Din. On May 2, 1965 it was declared National heroine of the Independence. From this time her name as Cut Nyak Dhien written.

Near Banda Aceh (the old Kota Radja) A Cut Nyak Dhien museum founded:

Cut Nyak Dhien Museum is a historical object. The house is a replica of the heroine Cut Nyak Dhien, from the Aceh War. The house was burnt down by the colonial forces but a replica was built later, after Indonesia's independence. This house in Lam Pisang, about 6 kilometers from Banda Aceh, is now a museum. (Link)
"None of the guys who were leaders in the long holy war against Aceh Us, we hated so fiercely as inaccessible as they contested and few as they sacrificed to power and possession. Never in its opposition, it is a step ceased, it was never weifelmoedig never omkoopbaar.Door us banned, she died in exile. It says: reconciled. But that can not be believed. Why indeed would we "are reconciled," of her desire? If a plaster on the wound of our conscience? For more glory of our triumph? No, let her as our bitter, onverzoenlijkste enemy, which was broken by the force majeure "

At the end of the line concentrated period threatened to go wrong with the Dutch. Teuku Umar, initially together with the Dutch, eventually turned against the Dutch, Aceh heads all joined in to Teuku Umar. From Heutsz had been warned not to give ammunition to Teuku Umar:

From original manuscript Heutsz

But it threatened to go wrong very well, at least for the Dutch:

From original manuscript Heutsz

In 1892 was concentrated in the general Dutch scholar Snouck Hurgronje arrived and gave the impetus to solve the dilemma ....

Some Snouck Hurgronje half Multatuli said. Where is he m.b.v. a scientific report, commissioned by the government in The Hague, said exactly what had gone wrong in Aceh and what was done to Aceh to pacify.
In 1892, his famous become 'Aceh Report published only partially, officially titled

"Report on the religious political situation in Aceh"

2 chapters in this report on the religious political situation in Aceh "was published in 1893 under the name" The Atjehers "for years was" The Atjehers "as a scientific anthropological standard considered.
The other two sections remained until 1957 when a state secret and were only published as "Official advice from C. Snouck Hurgronje.

Independently of Snouck Hurgronje (whether they knew each other!) Wrote of Heutsz, also in 1892, his famous brochure

"The subjugation of Aceh"

Snouck Hurgronje, the man with the white jacket left of Heutsz was all over and the boss and it is right

In his 1893 published "The Atjehers" Snouck Hurgronje gave a perfect analysis of the power in Aceh. It was rightly pointed out that eg the Sultan only a ceremonial role and that the real power lay in the hands of some oeleëbalangs and oelama and very formidable pang lima Polim.

Some are still frequently cited statements from "The Atjehers are eg:

+ If a scientist in the service of imperialism, with the task of raising the barbarians to the civilized European level, if necessary by force, he writes that "the commission of fornication Atjehers all kinds. Especially widespread is the practice of pederastie, a specialty the Atjehers. " Which it is based not clear, but the reaction time was no more "see you, always thinking" and therefore a justification for the policy

+ About the concentrated line he wrote "we are in the position of a chain lying monkey by a number Knapen, without much risk for their own welfare, to be teased again dolwordens"

+ The tactics of the burning of whether or not conquered villages was immediately stopped, "it gives den Atjeher little confidence." Also the oeleëbalangs and oelama's Atjehers of "decent and civilized be approached"

+ His main still notorious, konklusie was "the oelama programs is not to negotiate their learning and their own benefits, that they yield only to violence. They are very sensitive store, so the fear Atjehers keeps the connection to become dangerous that gang heads hundred is conditio sine qua non of the restoration of peace in Great Aceh "

A oelama, the spiritual leader of a community relegieuse, was first officially "gang leader", the war of aggression against Aceh Netherlands is euphemistically for the first time a scientist "the restoration of peace" mentioned.

The report caused a sensation Snouck Hurgronje: scientific Aceh was found that with maximum violence getuchtigd had to after gepacificeerd qualities.

In the historiography in the 1920s was as follows:

"Aceh was first conquered, so subject, and then permanently occupied, so be gepacificeerd. Between submission and peace is a transition. It was on the remaining individual enemies and gang leaders as hard and as long runaway that Aceh farmers fear stop is to maintain relations with the djahat therefore "(A djahat Gouvernements is the term for an opponent Aceh)

If you read this you wonder: who will now where the rest .....

Snouck Hurgronje knew those recommendations into practice could bring: the Snouck Hurgronje known then, Major JB of Heutsz. Also writes Heutsz chance in 1892 a brochure: "The overthrow of Aceh, which matches perfectly fits the" The Atjehers Report of Snouck Hurgronje!

From Heutsz is much direct than Snouck Hurgronje. If he has his motto the famous brochure meaning given:

The Aceh war precisely to our colonial possession, he must end. Let us finally show the civilized world that we are able to!

From Heutsz is based on the following statements:

+ A freedom and martial people prostrate themselves no different than forced

+ Above all, we must therefore Atjeher to feel the power of it, to want to respect ours, any resources we apply

+ Only he who shows the power to hold to his will to respect, everywhere and under all circumstances, including, where appropriate, through effective use of pine strong arm, the man who brings Aceh SUBJECT

In its brochure crack of Heutsz the unstable policy of The Hague as Batavia off. He is also a fierce opponent of the provision of arms to Aceh allies: Every gun to Atjehers, where, and what time and under what circumstances provided to eeniger time will be turned against us. If there must be fought, we do prefer self! The complete subjugation of Aceh can not military actions. The current force behind the concentrated line should be sufficient to Aceh to submit, if we strike hard and fast.

From Heutsz ends with: May I managed to convince the government, but even though I only managed to show that we currently do not succeed in the subjugation of the brave and freedom-people of Aceh, only to be attributed to our recurring, indecisive posture, to show us every weakness, to our incredible optimism and our lack of willpower to persevere in a once adopted this system as effective testified, then my work will have been useless .
Because then the government will understand that it also now required and the termination of this long get, to order and tranquility of this country, can only be achieved by strong enforcement and a strictly equitable governance, as well, so that only able is a man of great character and individuality, is also gifted with a clear mind, an appropriate look and speed of reflection, prudent troop leader and as a powerful driver, a man who remain fixed by the Government to prescribe principles and unwavering in the target sounds, which are deeply convinced that the Atjehers but never forced to subjects and that only he who shows the power to hold to his will to respect the master will be, to whom do they will obey.

Both the brochure Heutsz From the report of Snouck Hurgronje by the government in sympathetic consideration and was therefore adopted for notification. The press and the public had a different view. Den Haag afraid it is not so rigorous that the line appeared to be concentrated, we still pay by the government-armed ally Teuku Umar on behalf of the government outside the concentrated line Aceh was to pacify.

From Heutsz and Snouck Hurgronje did not long to wait for the implementation of their ideas.

How it eventually went to Snouck Hurgronje?

The success in Aceh, together with excursions of Heutsz also led to the conquest of many unknown books .... all of these books were by Snouck Hurgronje used for new scientific anthropological publications on Aceh.

In 1903 will Snouck Hurgronje fight with Heutsz of and returns to Batavia. But that's another story.

Why the Dutch are not yet withdrew when the largest and massaalste attack on their authority erupted?

Apart from the loss of sight had oil interests, suspected large oil fields off the coast, Aceh was later also a ekonomisch west wing for the Dutch, already swallowed the 'riots' a large portion of the profits again. Until this day is in and around Aceh still oil, one of the reasons why Jakarta Aceh still not self-government or want to, but this is another story.

Madelon Székely-Lulofs in 1911 wrote the novel "The Hunger Walk" on a "lost patrol" in Aceh, where the TV series "In the Name of the Queen" was founded several years ago was broadcast.

In this series was on the detection of oil wells in 'hostile' Aceh area.

Van Heutsz is known that he strongly opposed that only the oil was pumped away to ships off the coast and elsewhere was processed. From Heutsz advocated for the oil spot to handle such Aceh ekonomisch to raise, but the oil did not sit in that troubled Aceh.
It was also one of the few disputes between Van Heutsz and Colijn, the latter came later than in the service of an oil company.

Even now in the 21st century oil companies, still for the same reasons as when, not the oil in Aceh Aceh.

After many geharrewar, we say, on March 25, 1898 From Heutsz military and civil governor of Aceh and Dependencies. Snouck Hurgronje was appointed Van Heutsz adviser for domestic affairs. "

In previous years had Heutsz already in Aceh 'distinguished' by its totally different way of 's enemy discipline where necessary, but if Heutsz zch not interfere with politics. When he protested against a measure in his eyes he was stupid mouth gesnoerd and he at one point his own way. Instead of a large column 'by Aceh to attract chose From Heutsz small self-supporting columns that are independent of each other were operating. No major military strategies include, but are simply the kommando The Fully Forward and only stop when den Enemy has reconciled (!).

From Heutsz was the man that the idea of the 'Military' unit is exploitative and had so much success that Heutsz not around him could. Many saw in him the only man that the Aceh problem "is finally a success could bring:

The tide turns as the final proposal from the Aceh Public Prosecutor at the court in Kota Radja, the Aceh (!) Hoofddjaksa Mohamad Arif, proposed 'Military' massive 'is used. The Military Police Corps is established in 1890 with the aim of small police unit of about 20 selected inland men led by a sergeant and a corporal usually Ambonese.

From Heutsz extends from May 1896 the number of brigades Marechaussee significantly to about 1200 men, a total of some 60 operating independently of each other brigades. In addition to 'shoes' are also armed with the new M95 repeating rifle and a klewang. "

Hedgehog position in the military, left the M95, right klewang

From all sides, the unexpected Atjehers now kontinu attacked and almost continuously chased by a large number of military brigades. Each military brigade is self-supporting and is able to route to get food and drink. The Atjehers were in the years 1870 / 1880 the most adept with klewang the Gouvernements marechaussees are now and have even better klewangs and a repeating rifle.

The area Great Aceh or the 3 Sagi's (corners of Aceh ") is so thoroughly destroyed and depopulated by the itinerant military brigades, led by Van Heutsz that in 1930 visitors still had a" dismal and zoo sparsely populated area. The once prosperous Sagi 3 are changed in a desolate area. It is claimed that the country never top it. The population since then in the coastal area south of the former 3 Sagi's.

It is still very proud of the anthem of the "Marsose", written by the Reverend Ambonese Thenu:

O, gendarmerie, o, military
More than anything military
Each day mountain climbing
Saves out military!
For a doode come ten in the place
More than anything military!

How did it again, in the Military:

One of the first Commandant was Jhr. Graafland

For a campaign he said his men in the Malay thus:

"Marechaussees I repeat what I often You already learned:

Based on the enemy from trenches and fortification made to issue fire. When ye therefore, you not only cares about his bold klewang to the body is no argument takes, but if vastbeslotenen him aanrent without carabines yours to use, then will ye trompe their guns are becoming higher and see the bullets every time you go higher on Hooren flutes.
But then there is no hesitation in oogen look den attack. You should attacks into long, thin ribbons, and to think, so you many losses, this is your own fault, because ye are not fast enough gestormd and perhaps too close together have stalled. If you connect to each other, I consider this as a teeken of cowardice. (!)

I Zoodra "military!" call, you must repeat this loud cry, in den klewang on the main wave and fun to Atjhers instormen.
Thou mayst not you worry about them falling, because this will ensure the reserve, if you only Altos to be enemy to the movement continues.
Who shoots without authorization of his lieutenant, will be punished. Everything must be done with klewang. The Atjhers today should be afraid for your klewangs. And so you work with klewang only fight, I will be happy.

But I will be proud if you can give me proof of your enemies with your hands to have been seized and slain. The real brave dare without weapon to enemy. I am, that I am receiving reports of numerous slain enemies, because then I know that ye will have suffered little loss.

I dare you act for?

Can you trust your klewangs?

Will ye den attack continue, then I will recommend?

Dare you to spell? "

"Berani soempah! (Which we swear)" was the reply of marechaussees.

Just a few examples of offcieel scheduled reports? READING MATTER terrible .....

Then doemde at half past four in den tomorrow in the pale moonlight, the sharp silhouette of strengthening gradually. Fly, but geruischloos, the first four brigades (80 man) and had passed the benteng the south face surrounded.

In the same animals, the four brigades in the northern face also left cut off and had the north and east off the last four brigades locks to the west.

Yet the enemy was not aware of the danger that threatened him.

But then again in a panic! At the same oogen view that the benteng on all sides have been completely surrounded, sounds in the dead silence of this economic Monday eight tropical suddenly shrill tone of the dreaded Count marc's long whistle, to hear all sides the enemy marechaussees how the barbed wire smash, yet he flies to the wall and fires on the bestormers but they suddenly appear everywhere, North and South and East and West.

If they are cats climb the barrier, while others insist the denominations, storms on the walls, nothing is there that this sudden bandjir can stop, and an infantry platoon, armed with rapid chargers, has to be run connected. But we shot of our side but little. It is a general scuffle, so terrible as the Atihers years have not seen. Inexorably jobs disseminated klewangs groups swinging its way to the center of benteng and within fifteen minutes, the calls resolved.

If half hours later the next dawn den stillen chaos beschijnt by this small force left in the benteng counted the bodies of 110 fallen Atjhers, later, in the day were many dooden outside the walls was found. Our four officers were injured, the petty and cut 6 killed and 29 wounded.

In the night of 5 August 6 Heutsz From left his marcha uses and 2 infantry battalions in silence ours post and marched east on the beach along the narrow strip eenige where Atjhers fear for our naval gun not benteng had built.

When daylight broke, our troops were already back in his van den enemy drawn up, and the war ships in the Reede geseind that a short bombardment of the artillery of the navy and started heading ours to take.

Hardly the last grenades on the engs are shot or Heutsz From "column is on the move, and already eenige minutes later, the rush of marechaussees and infantry in full swing.

With a beautiful country raises the attack line in the main building, calling on all sides by our troops and the barriers around and within a quarter is all done within the walls and an end benteng in our hands.

Then, quickly restored order, (!) And two live steam rolling our troops will begin to East and West on all other engs are going to move. The desire to further resistance to the Atjhers is soon gone. One by one, all occupied by ours.

The enemy left 110 dooden in the field are.

And this was true, even according to contemporaries, not quell rebellion, but an ordinary war, conquest and a war of aggression against the independent Aceh

Where From Heutsz personally particularly pleased famous, the conquest of Batesland Ilie, see the map on top.

We quote again from my one-eyed man story:

.... but the main mountain fortress Batesland Ilie, a religious center, it could not be conquered. Van der Heijden ( 'one-eyed man') was one of the first commanders who realized that the capture of a religious place as income Ilie important than the recognition of Dutch sovereignty by the local raja!

In 1880 he tried unsuccessfully again Batesland Ilie to conquer: in this last action he lost his eye, which he promptly Atjehers General by the one-eyed man was mentioned. As Bate Ilie could not be conquered, the "restless" in this area and was the pacification by the Dutch will not start.

How did Van Heutsz his major victory:

From left Heutsz first from the sea and the coast from the hills around Batesland Ilie bombing, but the benteng itself could not hit them was on a hilltop, 69 meters high. It was a sacred village, a branch of oelama and Koranic students, a place that was made invulnerable by Allah, not by general one-eyed man could be conquered, nor by General Van Heutsz.

A Ambonese KNIL soldier to the Atjehers was stalled, the Dutch Batesland Ilie challenged him to look up, because their death would be a wait. That set the tone for the fight.

The Dutch soldiers were more aggressive than ever. Their field preacher, the Reverend Ambonese Thenu had for this special occasion a battle Malay written Samalanga entitled:

Come friends, come brothers!
Within Samalanga in battle.
Come along and sing together the songs get.

From Heutsz a photographer had been invited to take part in the expedition: C. Nieuwenhuis. The victory over the impregnable benteng was the wedding gift of Van Heutsz for Queen Wilhelmina, who a few days would marry Prince Hendrik.

From the storming of Batesland Ilie Nieuwenhuis has not photograph them. When the battle began, beat the coolies who had his photo equipment on the flight, terrified by the rattling gunfire.

It was a fierce battle. A Dutch report:

"When the troops at the foot of the hill came, they were in going forward hampered by a heavy bamboo barricade. The pick of the barrage fired not only the enemy, but also threw stones. (...) Our forces approached slowly, notwithstanding the heavy fire that was issued largely overestimated. The enemy, however, suffered by us fire (..) At the successful few to brave through the barrier to work and a loud cheer was stormed ashore. When ours once had climbed the parapet, the very defenders at a disadvantage, since they are no longer against us gunfire could cover. An old hadjie, seeing that the case was now lost, put pine fire in a barrel of gunpowder, which, fortunately, it was not buried, not for the whole mess was fatal. Were so many wounded soldiers, and had the success that thus also the last defenders were slain. This was the battle for Bate Ilie geindigd '

The photographer continued Nieuwenhuis:

"If a non-military and peaceful citizens about the horrors of battle closely seen, will never forget. When our troops in the storming of Batesland Ilie layers, the gunfire of Atjehers, zoowel of Ilie Batesland as ASAM Koembang, deafening, the benteng was covered and surrounded with heavy powder vapor. Then, the rush of the wild cheers bestormers, one or at most twice, followed by pine and persistent urge them battle cry of Atjehers Allah il Allah, their fanaticism zweept to be untameable fury. Beyond this enormous bustle of the scuffle and helsche sounds, sounded a few shots, klewangs by the rattle of steel on steel, then a raw scream, who could guess whether the death cry of a friend or enemy. From time to time flashed a red glow, which den bright sunshine in an indivisible oogen look broke, immediately followed by a sombre, dull pop of gunpowder explosions, which always clouds of gunpowder was damp off, to finally silence the noise for a moment, then sounded the cheering of the victors , Bate was Ilie cases'

All Atjehers were killed, 71 in total. Among them Kamby the Ambonese deserter. On the Dutch side were losing 5 killed and 37 wounded.

"The suffering of those who were covered with burns due to gunpowder explosions was not with dry eyes to see," said Nieuwenhuis.

The photographer had seen a photo opportunity of the general staff during the attack on Batesland Ilie, who throughout the world has become a symbol of arrogant imperialism. General Van Heutsz, breeduit are sharp belly protruding from under a farinaceous uniform, hands folded on the back, the blue helmet loosely on the head, slightly amused look.

Shy and modest group of officers behind him a much smaller size and narrower of infinite allure. In the background soldiers, palm trees and sunshine.

From Heutsz in the attack on Batesland Ilie on February 3, 1901.
On the far left is an infantry division to cover the staff.
From Behind Heutsz v.l.n.r. Colonel Van Dussen, Major Doorman, Captain Spruijt, haunted the master
Lieutenant Schut Stal van Woudenberg and Controller (native driver) Frijling

become a world famous picture by the posture of Van Heutsz (the belly forward) Dutch imperialism went symbolize.

After the photographer recording had finished, one of the officers came forward to congratulate the General. From Heutsz bromde that what he was premature. With your fiftieth birthday, explained the officer. In the heat of the battle was Heutsz From his birthday forgotten.

After the conquest of Batesland Ilie weeks Sultan Muhamad Daud and pang lima Polem to the inhospitable Gajo-highlands, to which the Dutch troops were never penetrated. The chase was initiated by the marechaussees the ruthless Major GCE van Daalen and first lieutenant WBJA Scheepens, but they could not get sultan. However, his first wife and a month later half of the wife of a sultan and his sons. The Dutch threatened the two women banned.

Finally, even a short authentic report of the then famous tour of Van Daalen, warover a separate page was created. One of the adjutant of Van Daalen was Christopher .....

Now left is the introduction of a regular government in the Gajo and Alaslanden, and Lieutenant Colonel van den den generals Van Daalen staff dedicated the resistance in this area to break to contact the heads and directors in a regular manner.

Den 9en February 1904 Van Daalen began his famous ride to ten brigades (200) marechaussees.

However, the Gajo's known for their religious fanaticism, was also on the resistance group, but the column Van Daalen finally found in that area, went far above all expectations.

From the densely populated area with great and prosperous, but heavily reinforced gampongs were zoowel women as men Hoogen to an unprecedented degree of religious fanaticism in zweept.
With great persistence, the gampongs defended, and the intrusion of reinforcements depreciation ours to their dismay, that women and sometimes children struggle to be participating, and with a blind fanaticism and to this day never in den Archipel was observed.
Despite the great effort they gave to women to try to save her the opportunity to make before the start of the fighting gampongs to leave, or during and after the fighting to escape, was repeatedly impossible it to succeed.

Sad result of a systematic oorlogsophitsing, with the women the incredible stories slander had done on the treatment of our troops that they would have to endure.

During the half year, this masterly (....) guided tour lasted, received only a few times on the amplification by means of columns of the east coast of Atjh and Medan.

Moreover, these small forces during whole duration of excursion den, off the northern coast Atjhs inland through Gajo, Alas and Batakgebied to Singkil, been designated by their own efforts.

Not until many small skirmishes were delivered and a dozen different places on the heavy, bitter fights and assaults were carried out, with losses of several thousand opponents dooden had suffered, the rest could be restored (.....) and had the population of the whole area offered its submission. After once the head had bent the population, however, entirely in his new situation fit, and loyally with the board "worked.

With them, our troops penetrated into the deepest interior of the region, and was the conquest of the whole area Atjhsche become a reality.

But although the resistance was broken now everywhere, roamed across much of the dependencies have several leaders of the fanatical party oelama and irreconcilable round, which the guerrillas tried to keep going and a general unrest to build. The neutralization of these elements and the pacification of Atjh would be up from Heutsz 'successors.

June 11, 1904 From left Heutsz to the Netherlands, where he eenige months later as Governor General to Nederlandsen Indi would return. The governor of Atjh and Dependencies he be transferred to Major General Jhr. J. C. v. d. Wyck.
Dr. Snouck Hurgronje was already a year ahead of Atjh left to Java. (fighting, but knew they did not ....)

In his period as Governor-General of Dutch East Indies, he summarized, Aceh same methods applied to the entire country under the Dutch authority to bring, how it went will arcengel also sometimes describe ....

Obviously, several monuments in honor of Van Heutsz established:

a bench to rest and look about Batesland Ilie

what these 2 men do so ....

In Kota Radja, Batavia, Amsterdam and Coevorden monuments were set up:

Photo from 1932: it Heutsz monument unveiled in Kota Radja

the monument in Batavia, designed by Dudok

From Heutsz monument in Amsterdam

Amsterdam's monument is still the subject of many diskussies and sent letters of
SS Sturmbahnfhrer der Waffen-SS From Heutsz Jr.in WW II
and arcengel or, as it is used so beautifully could say: "above writer"

Also above the entrance of the old headquarters of the NHM to Vijzelstraat 32 in Amsterdam is still a statue of Van Heutsz

Queen Wilhelmina is also known that it was a great admirer of Van Heutsz

General Abdul Haris Nasution, in September 2000 the deceased ex-chief of the TNI during and after the Indonesian independence struggle, lived in Jakarta with the ex-Van Heutsz Boulevard. He has never disguised his military was a great admirer of Van Heutsz:

'That was the man who sultan of Aceh from all ate and all the small principalities of Sawak to Merauke, the Dutch authority subject. Without Van Heutsz Indonesia was not a single state. "

On most statues of Van Heutsz has the following 'brave' text supported:

J.B. OF Heutsz

GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF ENGLISH-INDIA

1904 TO 1909

He created POLICY, RUST AND PROSPERITY

AND THE INTERNATIONAL OF THE NETHERLANDS-INDIA

TO A UNIT Forged

but that is at the expense of an estimated

100,000 deaths .....

1,000,000 injured .......

Perhaps they are now in place chisel, from 1904, prepared by a 2nd Chamber:

Wilhelmus van Nassaue,
Seest thou this hero parade?
They shot the women
And drenkten the land with blood.
The brushes of banners
casings are of a child.
Light use their rapier,
Women's hair is still.

And we found a few years later since the basis of this story was written, a poem from 1907 by Koos Spee Hoff. Koos is one of our famous Rotterdam site, just click here.

Koos Spee Spee Caesarina Hoff and Hoff-Prinz (1907).

Counterfeit heroes are many,
Everyone poses for it.
Moving from late-stage principle
Is already heroic by.
They just want to brush drink
Such a life leads cows,
And that no soldier would essentially
Is a hero in this time.

Let us therefore satisfied essentially
That looks like our little country
But a hero has emerged
That is no hero in the newspaper;
That the will of our Nation
Was felt in Aceh;
That something already in short time
What no General or dee.

Road, said he, with theo rien;
Way to fight on paper!
All that talk humanistic
Displays in wartime none.
That would affect the fist
The Dutch authorities,
Fight with courage and bayonets
For the Patriotique flag.

Get rid of smelly tradition's
Get rid of men of sense!
What can I talk to care
Overcome is my goal.
Zoo has even spoken Heutsz
And so he has also done;
Aceh has been won by,
Holland's boss now.

Finally, this: From Heutsz behalf Wilhelmina was present in 1918 in Spa, in the Headquarters of the (reports) German Emperor Wilhelm II. We suspect that Van Heutsz Wilhelm II persuaded to explicitly request Wilhelmina, in the Netherlands to seek asylum. Indeed, when the German Imperial train arrived in Eijsden, was immediately an unknown person with a hofauto obtained, German Emperor leaving the bay Eijsden.

http://home.iae.nl

Gus Dur TIRU VAN HEUTZ Apply strategy SNOUCK HURGRONYE IN ACEH Ahmad Sudirman XaarJet Stockholm - SWEDEN.

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 04:51:00 +0000

Response to President Gus Dur and the people of Aceh.

VAN HEUTZ lift SNOUCK HURGRONYE AS Advisors

To overcome the defense perlawan and Aceh, the Netherlands akhli of Dr Snouck Hurgronye a disguise for 2 years in rural areas in Aceh to examine the social and ketatanegaraan Aceh. Dibukukan that works with the title Rakyat Aceh (De Acehers). In the book mentioned a secret on how to conquer Aceh.

Where is the content of the advice Snouck Hurgronye to the Military Governor of the Netherlands which is in Aceh, the Keumala order (which is based in Sultan Keumala) be the followers. Attacks continue to strike and hold the scholars. Do not want to negotiate with the guerrilla leaders-leaders. Establish permanent base in Aceh Raya. Netherlands show good intent to the people of Aceh, in a way to establish Langgar, mosques, improving roads and irrigation to help the social work of the people of Aceh.

Strategy appeared to Dr Snouck Hurgronye received by Van Heutz who became Governor of the military and civilians in Aceh (1898-1904). Then Dr Snouck Hurgronye as penasehatnya.

VAN HEUTZ TIRU Taktik War guerrilla ACEH

Aceh guerrilla war tactics imitated by Van Heutz, which was formed marsuse troops, led by Christoffel with Colone Macannya troops who have been able and the mountain-mountain, forest-jungle highway Aceh to search for and pursue gerilyawan-gerilyawan Aceh.

Taktik next is the Netherlands with the kidnapping family members Gerilyawan Aceh. For example Christoffel Sultan and the abducted queen consort Tengku Putroe (1902). Van Der Maaten enamor prince Sultan Tuanku Ibrahim. As a result, the Sultan surrendered on 5 January 1902 to Sigli and peace. Van Der Maaten with wordless snarl Tangse back, Panglima Polem can escape, but instead arrested the son of Panglima Polem, Cut Po Radeu brother and some of her female family terdekatnya. As a result Panglima Polem putting weapons and surrender to Lo 'Seumawe (1903). Due
Panglima Polem surrender, penghulu-penghulu many people give up the trail Panglima Polem.

Tactics, the cleaning in a way to kill the people of Aceh under the leadership that replaced Van Daalen Van Heutz. Such as murder in Kuta Reh (14 June 1904) where 2922 people dibunuhnya, consisting of 1773 men and 1149 women.

Taktik Cut His last catch 'Dien Teuku Umar's wife who is still doing the guerrilla resistance, which eventually Cut Nya' Dien can be arrested and exiled to Cianjur.

VAN LETTER AGREEMENT HEUTZ Create Short surrender ALERTS

Van Heutz has created a consignment note must be signed by the leaders of Aceh that have been caught and surrendered. Where the contents of a letter of resignation that contains, the King (Sultan) recognize the area as part of the Dutch East Indies. King will not make a promise with the power relations in foreign countries. Promised to comply with all the commands that set the Netherlands. (RH Saragih, Sirait A, M Simamora, National History, 1987)

Gus Dur TIRU VAN HEUTZ Performing ADVICE SNOUCK HURGRONYE

What has been suggested to Snouck Hurgronye Van Heutz about how the Aceh was implemented Van Heutz.

Now 96 years later, Gus Dur is from 28 January to 13 February 2000 are kebeberapa visit countries in Europe when it arrived in the Hague, the Netherlands, the country of birth Van Heutz and Snouck Hurgronye, Wednesday, 2 February 2000 has been declare that:

"Stress occurs only in the three districts of 12 two-level area in Aceh. In nine regions, the situation remains calm. Dubes U.S. to Indonesia Robert Gelbard, has promised to help build a variety of infrastructure in Aceh. Therefore, U.S. assistance will be channeled to build the ninth area first. The nine we wake up, let the others envy. Kok fuss, little by little, we do follow a course of excision of the hard. GAM despair, because the security calm. santri called the Taliban as assist apparatus security in Aceh to maintain security and order in the area. There is an accident. But, the situation can be managed well. Now there are the opposite''(http://www.republika.co.id/2002/04/17154.htm ).

Gus Dur's declaration in the Hague over a similarity with what is recommended to Snouck Hurgronye Van Heutz namely,

1. Hurgronye declare the Keumala (which is based in Sultan Keumala) be the followers. Meanwhile, Gus Dur said that GAM despair, because the security calm.

2. Hurgronye states that continue to attack and hold the hantam scholars (so give up and help). Meanwhile, Gus Dur said that the santri referred to as the Taliban (which has been surrendered) assist security forces in Aceh (to) maintain security and order in the region.

3. Hurgronye states that do not want to negotiate with the guerrilla leaders-leaders. Gus Dur said that excision of the follow a course harder.

4. Hurgronye that establish permanent base in Aceh Raya. Netherlands show good intent to the people of Aceh, in a way to establish Langgar, mosques, improving roads and irrigation to help the social work of the people of Aceh. Meanwhile, Gus Dur said that the U.S. Dubes to Indonesia Robert Gelbard, has promised to help build a variety of infrastructure in Aceh. Therefore, U.S. assistance will be channeled to build the ninth it was first. The nine we wake up, let the others envy.

This is a little response to President Gus Dur and the people of Aceh.

For those who have an interest to respond to, please go to a cc or so ahmad@dataphone.se up to me and for those who have time to read my posts past offensive about Khilafah and Islam Law Medina, please see the article in the collection of at HP http://www.dataphone.se/ ~ ahmad

Only to invoke the help of our God and to God we are only seeking guidance, amin *.*

Wassalam.

Ahmad Sudirman

http://www.dataphone.se/ ~ ahmad
ahmad@dataphone.se

The war record diponegoro

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Wed, 20 May 2009 08:36:00 +0000

how df-ers all of the Diponegoro war. based on the wiki is as below:
UK: The Java War, the Netherlands: De Java-Oorlog), The War is a large and comprehensive war lasted for five years (1825-1830) that occurred in Java, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), the Dutch colony troops under the command of General De Kock [1] against the indigenous population, led by a prince named Prince Diponegoro Yogyakarta. In this war was not the victim fell slightly. Both the victim and the wealth of the soul. The documents cited the Dutch historian, mentioned that approximately 200,000 people who terenggut life. Meanwhile, soldiers in the Netherlands, the victim was killed 8000.

The war is one of the biggest battle that ever experienced by the Netherlands during the traverse archipelago. This war involved the whole of Java, then this war disebutlah War as Java.

but I have to get over The books chronicle characters Ny. Dra. Ambaristi and Lasman Marduwiyota. passed dikbud th 1983.

Should note that The history books do I grasp this, the new government after independence received RI, heirs of the descendants of P. Diponegoro. But not this book chronicle terkontaminasi tangan2 Dutch historian dr spt Snouck dkk history books as the other.

that many important events behind this war Diponegoro me very very surprised at first reading.
The following fakta2 war:
The war that the war is not only the largest in the archipelago, but the war in the world I is highlighted by the world at that time. is the peak of hostilities, namely the two Islamic bulwark against colonialism throughout the world.
More more surprised when I read in history, that he (P. Diponegoro) assume that the struggle he succeeded.

sarah dhandhanggulanya called in that the goal P. The war in Java is not dislodge Dutch colony of ground water. But raise awareness of Islam for Java. according to him, if he does not leave the palace, take off clothes and replace them with kebangsawanan clothes scholars ago fight against the Dutch forward, then Islam will not be there again in the P. Java.

http://forum.detik.com

marsose death without war

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Tue, 19 May 2009 06:01:00 +0000

Gerilyawan hunt in Aceh, many Dutch troops who died in the wilds, not by war, but because of hunger. Acts troop leaders and troop nutter Berger among others.

Tragic fate Dutch troops was due to an incorrect calculation nutter in the running duties. He lost children and lost fruit in the wilds. Along the way you go nutter bergelimpangan bodies, because of starvation.

One at a Dutch soldier killed because of fatigue. When bodies are found by other Dutch troops, only a bone-callus, the meat is cleaned by wild animals. Only seragamnya it can show that the bones of dead bodies is a Dutch soldier.

Other troops who have experienced the same fate led by Lieutenant Berger, who departs from Tangse, Pidie, the Seulimum, Aceh Besar, through the mountains. Although misguided, Berger remains confident. Relying on kompasnya he continued the wilderness. Even so, a massoese lost due to death.

When the dawn, in the wilderness dinginnya, bodies marsose the hunger becomes rigid. Things like that are often occurs, for the troops in the way dirundung hunger. Marsose any other cut wood as pacang the edges diruncingkan, to dig holes and bury friends who died of hunger is.

After kawanya bury it, and a rise marsose corral tombs in the middle of the jungle. Marsose is young with a loud voice. "We must be courageous .... To believe fully in the commander, and bear what diembankan us. If we must menjalaninya, let us die as men, "he said.

Kumburan that is then marked with stones. They carry the smell of a stone-pooped in the stack above ground and the grave was loose, so that wild pigs can not dig up the corpse.

They do that because it had previously found, a grave tetara masrsose Netherlands that die in the middle of the forest, dug by wild animals, mayatnya also dicabik-piece. After the incident, there is every death in the wilderness, they always weigh the grave with stones. As a sergeant in the death of the bearded bermana Abakotta. He was buried in the journey toward Gayo Land.

Another story, when Schimidt, a commander marsose with pasukannya megadakan operation to Geumpang, Pidie. They must climb a steep mountain, crawl and walk. From the top of the mountain, they have a shot of a fighter from Aceh.

Schimidt officer almost died, if a case does not protect Menado sergeant. Schimidt safe from hack sememtara sergeant Menado bullet that killed with the bullet penetrate heart. In the evening bivouac troops up, and forced the workers have to dig holes for the grave of a sergeant marsose Manado and the other died.

Schmidt sat in the tent in curiosity and ponder the incongruity-called fate, which made the shot that focused on death justeru about other people. One of the brigade commander came in and said to report that "children marsose" would like to briefly talk to him.

Schmidt to go out and see a line of neat, consisting of the origin marsose Menado of the second brigade. One of the oldest, have an important position corporal, became the interpreter speaks. He said commanders should not angry, because this is very touching their feelings, if they have to bury people in the forest sekampungnya such, are not soon will have a person where he was buried, and that never kuburannya akan taburi in interest - interest. They want to carry the corpse to the military post.

Schmidt replied that the sergeant was killed because komandannya protect. However, to achieve Geumpang, the troops still have to travel four days. "I want to leave beautiful memories to him, and the memories will vanish when we run for a few days with the dead body smell. Therefore, he just buried here, "said Shimidt.

Warrior-soldiers that can memakluminya. Their attention, and leave the place while the vehicle remains keliang grave. Kebanyakana of them embrace the Christian faith, and they sing together "Het Hijgend gert der jacht ontkomen" to complete. They sing on the feeble-feeble twilight days in the jungle highway, and pile up the tomb together.

The next day, the loose soil that diinjak-injaknya until solid, to ensure that does not dismantled by the animal of prey. Built over the grave of a cage made of wood and leaves of sugar palm. Also made two stake triangle ditanamkan in the land, as if the troops want to cook food, and between the foot-foot stake is ditaburkan triangle cinder, so that seems correct as a cottage in the former human habitation.

Go then they leave that place. Half a year later we come back to that place and see that from the grave had been born a new life. Rod-rod limb of wood cut from the forest first, has grown continuously, so that everything becomes forest again. Haya different leaf-leaves more shady than the other crops in dektanya.

Other events, marsose a lieutenant and a sergeant in the patrol inlader near jeuram, Aceh Barat feel fatigue. He then went to sit in a sit-in on a rice pounder mortar and died. Mayatnya transported to the bivouac and buried a few hundred meters jauhya under a tree duruian.

Three brigade soldiers standing corral tombs and one of them must make a speech short, "You should do this!" Said one of them. But he refused, as it deems is not a job, that is, describe the good-good that someone has now lie in the sexton.

Then advance forward a soldier inlader, that is, someone who often play out titlist. He is a dikuburanb. In his speech he said that the army brigade always feel happy in the world with the deceased during this. He continues to speak with fasihnya like. However, to the closing words, he confused find the right words. Suddenly he got inspiration and said, "Now, Sergeant Wakijo already dead, and I ask that you call three kali'hip, hip, hurah!"

The request was immediately greeted and met all the audience. Certainly, shout 'hip, hip, hurah' that would be used only in the happy atmosphere of bathiniyah does not hit the short compared with the funeral oration spoken sergeant for colleagues who have died.

While standing dipinggir sexton, his eyes a moment to look casket, and terlontarlah words from the mouth of the sergeant: "Now have you lie there. We can no longer melihatmu. Family in Rotterdam are not also. But only He (God) that can melihatmu above. Chin !"***

Norman Iskandar

Mardijkers, Marechaussée, of the contract, Dutch Black and KNIL

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Tue, 19 May 2009 05:51:00 +0000

In the long history of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia, support for the aggression they have a variety of Dutch troops in the military offices. When you first arrive in the archipelago and in the first years the VOC, the Dutch people are serdadunya. However, several years later, the Netherlands began using indigenous labor and also the Asian people, such as Japan. Originally, indigenous only to be a rower ships of war and then increased to soldiers. Without the assistance of indigenous Dutch are willing to become soldiers, and the other European nations, mainly from Germany, the Netherlands does not assume the region of tens of times the wide extent of country, with a population of approximately 15 times the population of his country.

* Mardijkers
Since VOC era, descendants of those who have been free from slavery, or that you can buy independence, and then are willing to become soldiers "Kumpeni", called Mardijkers. They are mostly descendants of indigenous soldiers-soldiers thralled by the Spanish and Portuguese, the Dutch war against both countries. Once released, they again served in the military VOC, and traditionally, descendants of soldiers They become "kumpeni." Then, enter the former slaves who came from India and Africa, which becampur with the slaves that came from Sulawesi, Bali and the Malay . Almost all Christians profess. They dress like the Portuguese and Portuguese-language Kreol. Until the 18 century Mardijkers people living in villages in Batavia.

Year 1777 there are 6 company Mardijkers (about 1200 people) in the office for military duty, the VOC Dutch maintain housing in the city. Year 1803 is still trsisa one company, and the company was dissolved last year 1808.
When slavery is still in progress in India-Netherlands passenstelsel where applicable (such as a sign of the card-KTP), in places where required to show ID, they usually raise one hand up while saying "mardijkers", which is defined as long run "free"!

* Marechaussée
Marechaussée actually own the unit police forces, rooted in the French colonial period in the Netherlands. Based on the decree of the Republic of Bataaf established by France, on 4 February 1803 the unit was formed, called the police Marechaussée, but not directly implemented. At 1805 formed a Gendarmerie unit (such as Mobil Brigade - Brimob), and new on October 26 1814, after the Republic of Bataaf replaced by the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Orange dynasty), according to decree no. 498 issued by the King of the Netherlands, Willem I, once formed Koninklijke Marechaussée.

Marechaussée own words have the root of a very long, since the ancient period of years in Paris in 1370, called a "Tribunal of Constables and Marshals of France". Constable and Marshall was a member of Gendarmerie, which is the police force for the Netherlands and Belgium.

Marechaussée known in Indonesia as a developing Marsose combat forces to secure areas and streets in the Netherlands. In addition to police duties, Marechaussée also assigned to help the war, especially in the time World War I, the year 1914 to 1918. In this period also Marechaussée ditigaskan in India-the Netherlands, among others, the war in Aceh and the war against the Si XII Singamangaraja in North Sumatra, where later in the year 1917, unit Marechaussée successfully overcome and killed Si Singamangaraja XII.

* The contract
Netherlands with a small population that is also relatively small, certainly can not build a large army, which only consists of the Netherlands and the indigenous people only. They also need a reliable officer to lead the battle, which can not be expected from the indigenous at the time. To build a strong army in India-the Netherlands, in addition to recruiting indigenous to become soldiers, and most high-com-they also rent officer and soldiers from European countries other, especially from Germany. Netherlands is not even half-hearted, that is contracted from a German regiment. Years 1790-1808 there were Württemberg Regiment of the German origin of the Württemberg in 2000 (!) Army. Originally they serve in the VOC, the VOC was dissolved and then, they are under the Government of India-the Netherlands. Württemberg Regiment is dissolved in 1808. Many of the former German soldier and officer who then lived in Indonesia and him. This is the explain that in Indonesia there are several generations of a family have a German family.

* KNIL (Koninklijk Nederlands Leger-Indisch)
When The War in progress (1825 - 1830), the year 1826/1827 India Dutch government established a special army. After The War over, on 4 December 1830 the Governor-General van den Bosch issued a decision which is called "Orders Algemeene voor het Nederlandsch-Oost-Indische leger" in which a set forming a new military organization for the India-Netherlands, the Oost-Indische Leger ( of the East India) and in the year 1836, on the advice of Willem I, the army got this predicate "Koninklijk." However, in everyday use, this word is never used for about a century, and the new year 1933, when the-Hendrik Colijn also served as an officer in the Oost-Indische Leger-be Prime Minister, officially the army in India-Netherlands-called Koninklijk Nederlands Leger Indisch, abbreviated KNIL.

Laws of the Netherlands does not allow the draft to be placed in the colony, so the Dutch army in India consist only of professional soldiers or rented. Most of them come from France, Germany, Belgium and Switzerland. Not a few of them is a deserter from the army-pasukannya to avoid punishment. But also a violation of Dutch laws in Netherlands are given the option, the imprisonment or served in India Netherlands. They get a monthly salary of a major. In 1870, for example, a soldier receives f 300, -, or equivalent to the earnings of a worker for one year.

Notes from the year 1830, the comparison to the number of officer, commissioned officer and soldiers between indigenous peoples and European offices in the Netherlands military. At the officer level, the number of indigenous, only about 5% of the officer, while in the warrant and the soldiers, the number of people than the number of commissioned officer and soldier of the European, that is around 60%. Strength of the Dutch year 1830, after The War is:
603 courageous European nations
37 courageous indigenous
5. 699-commissioned soldiers and European nations
7206 commissioned and indigenous soldiers.

* Dutch Black (zwarte Nederlander)
In addition to those contracted to be the European soldiers in India-official military forces Netherlands, there are forces that consists of the Netherlands, called Black (zwarte Nederlander).

Start year 1830, the Gold Coast (now Ghana) West Africa, the Netherlands to buy slaves, and through St. George d'Elmina brought India to the Netherlands to become soldiers. For each head, the Netherlands f 100, - to the King of Ashanti. Until the year 1872, the number of them and reach the 3000 and contracted for 12 years or more. Based on Nationaliteitsregelingen (Citizenship Rules), they entered the Netherlands berkebangsaan category, so they called Black Dutch (zwarte Nederlander). Because they do not have difficulty with the climate in Indonesia, they became a strong army and valuable for the Dutch, and they paid the same as the Dutch army. But they have to ransom installments of f 100, - from their salaries. Indeed, the Dutch do not like losers, even though these people have been meritorious in the Netherlands to maintain their power in India Netherlands.

Most of them are placed in Purworejo. 1950, about 60 family Indo-African was brought to the Netherlands in order to "repatriasi."

* Myth KNIL = Ambon
Year 1936, the number of soldiers who became KNIL reached 33 thousand people, or about 71% of the entire army KNIL, of which there are about 4000 people in Ambon, 5,000 people and 13,000 people Manado Java.

When examining the number of officer, commissioned officer and soldier of the Dutch look pure, that the actual number of them are very small. Also, the stigmatization that is the object of Ambon in the Dutch military duty is not correct, because the number of people who become soldiers Ambon Dutch far smaller than the number of the Javanese. Who also reached the highest rank in Ambon KNIL are not, but Colonel KNIL R. Abdulkadir Wijoyoatmojo, who in 1947 led the Dutch delegation in negotiations on the U.S. warship Renville, Renville Agreement that bear.

1950, after the handover of sovereignty from the Netherlands to the States of the Republic of Indonesia, the number of people that Indonesia is still a soldier KNIL estimated at about 60,000 (!), And most of them received into the body of the National Indonesia (TNI). Number of people estimated at Ambon 5000 people, most of which involved being taken to Holland and lived there until now.

By recruiting the army that came from indigenous and political divide et impera-its, which allows a tulangpunggung Dutch win in the battle against the many kingdoms in India, the Netherlands, and in some areas-such as in power-they can for about 300 years. This also happens because supported by greed and selfishness of the king and the sultan and other indigenous willing cooperation with the colonists.

Produced by R. Batara Hutagalung

aceh war

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Tue, 12 May 2009 15:04:00 +0000

Aceh war is a war against the Sultanate of Aceh Netherlands started in 1873 until 1904. Sultanate of Aceh surrendered in 1904, but the resistance of the people of Aceh with the guerrilla war continues.

On 26 March 1873 Netherlands declares war to Aceh, and began to release the cannon shot to the mainland of Aceh's war ships Citadel van Antwerpen. On 8 April 1873, landed at the Dutch coast under the command of Ceureumen Johan Harmen Rudolf Köhler, and can direct the Masjid Raya Baiturrahman. Köhler was carrying 3198 soldiers. As many as 168 of which the officer

Van Heutsz sedang memerhatikan pasukannya dalam penyerangan di Perang Aceh

The first war (1873-1874), led by Panglima Polim and Sultan Mahmud Syah against the Dutch, led Köhler. Köhler with 3000 serdadunya can be broken, in which self Köhler died on 14 April 1873.

Ten days later, the war berkecamuk everywhere. The most big time seize back Masjid Raya Baiturrahman, assisted by several groups of troops. Peukan in Aceh, Lambhuek (Lambuk), Lampu'uk, Peukan Bada, the lambada, Krueng Raya. Several thousand people also came from Teunom, Pidie, Peusangan, and some other regions.

Second war (1874-1880), under General Jan van Swieten successfully occupied palace Sultan, 26 January 1874, and serve as the central defense Netherlands. 31 January 1874 General Van Swieten announced Aceh so that all parts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

When Sultan Machmud Syah died 26 January 1874, replaced by Tuanku Muhammad Dawod as the dinobatkan Sultan mosque in the Indragiri.

First and second war is total war and the frontal, where the government is still running well established, although the capital moved to Keumala In, Indra Puri and other places.

Third war (1881-1896), resumed the guerrilla war and war dikobarkan fi sabilillah. Guerrilla war in which the system is held until the year 1904.

This guerrilla war in Aceh troops under Teuku Umar with Panglima Polim and Sultan. In the year 1899 when the sudden attack from the Van der Dussen in Meulaboh, Teuku Umar killed. But Cut Nyak Dhien Teuku Umar and wife appear to be commander guerrilla war.

Fourth war (1896-1910) is a guerrilla war groups and individuals with resistance, invasion, murder and penghadangan without charge from the center of the Sultanate.

Background

The war in Aceh is because:

* Dutch occupied areas Siak. A result of the 1858 Agreement Siak. Sultan Ismail where the local Deli, Langkat, Asahan and Serdang to the Netherlands, the areas since the Sultan Iskandar Muda, under the authority of Aceh.
* Netherlands Siak violate the agreement, the Agreement berakhirlah London in 1824. Contents of London is the United Kingdom and the Netherlands to make provision about the boundaries of the two regions in Southeast Asia, namely Singapore with latitude. Both recognize the sovereignty of Aceh.
* Aceh accuse the Netherlands does not fulfill his promise, so that the ships through the waters of the Netherlands Aceh drowned by troops in Aceh. Aceh act is supported Britain.
* Suez Dibukanya Terusan by Ferdinand de Lesseps. Cause of the Aceh becomes very important for traffic trade.
* Ditandatanganinya London Agreement in 1871 between the UK and the Netherlands, the content, to give freedom to the United Netherlands to take action in Aceh. Dutch must maintain security in the Malacca lalulintas. Dutch allow free trade in Britain and the Siak area in British Guyana to the West.
* Due to the agreement in 1871 Sumatra, Aceh hold diplomatic relations with the consul of the United States, the Kingdom of Italy, the Sultanate Usmaniyah in Singapore. And to send envoys to Turkey Usmani in the year 1871.
* Due to Aceh diplomatic relations with the United States Consul, Italy and Turkey in Singapore, the Netherlands made it as an excuse to attack Aceh. Vice President of the Council of Indies Frederik Nicolaas Nieuwenhuijzen with 2 war ships to come to Aceh and request information from the Sultan Machmud Syah of what is spoken in Singapore, the Sultan Machmud but refused to give details.

Strategy Snouck Hurgronje

To overcome the defense perlawan and Aceh, the Dutch expert Dr. Bonita Snouck Hurgronje who masquerade for 2 years in rural areas in Aceh to examine the social and ketatanegaraan Aceh. Dibukukan that works with the title Rakyat Aceh (De Acehers). In the book mentioned a strategy on how to conquer Aceh.

Proposed strategies to Snouck Hurgronje Military Governor of the Netherlands Johannes Benedictus van Heutsz is, that the Keumala (the Sultan which is located in Keumala) and be followers first. Stay in the hold and continue to pound the scholars. Do not want to negotiate with the guerrilla leaders-leaders. Establish permanent base in Aceh Raya. Netherlands show good intent to the people of Aceh, in a way to establish Langgar, mosques, improving roads and irrigation to help the social work of the people of Aceh.

Strategy appeared to Dr Snouck Hurgronje Van Heutz received by the Governor of the military and become a civilian in Aceh (1898-1904). Then Dr Snouck Hurgronje was appointed as its advisors

War tactics

Aceh guerrilla war tactics imitated by Van Heutz, which was formed maréchaussée troops, led by Christoffel Macan Colone with troops who have been able and the mountain-mountain, forest-jungle highway Aceh to search for and pursue gerilyawan-gerilyawan Aceh.

Taktik next is the Netherlands with the kidnapping family members gerilyawan Aceh. For example Christoffel Sultan and the abducted queen consort Tengku Putroe (1902). Van der Maaten enamor prince Sultan Tuanku Ibrahim. As a result, the Sultan surrendered on 5 January 1902 to Sigli and peace. Van der Maaten with wordless snarl Tangse back, Panglima Polim can escape, but instead arrested the son of Panglima Polim, Cut Po Radeu brother and some of her female family terdekatnya. As a result, Panglima Polim putting weapons and surrender to Lhokseumawe in December 1903. Panglima Polim after surrender, penghulu-penghulu many people give up the trail Panglima Polim.

Tactics, the cleaning in a way to kill the people of Aceh under the leadership Gotfried Coenraad Ernst van Daalen which replaces Van Heutz. Such as murder in Kuta Reh (14 June 1904) where 2922 people dibunuhnya, consisting of 1773 men and 1149 women.

Tactics to catch the last Cut Nyak Dhien wife Teuku Umar which still perform the guerrilla resistance, which eventually Cut Nya Dien can be arrested and exiled to Cianjur.

Letter of agreement signing surrender

During the war in Aceh, Van Heutz has created a short letter (Korte Verklaring, Short treaties) of the consignment must be signed by the leaders of Aceh that have been caught and surrendered. Where the contents of a letter of resignation that contains, the King (Sultan) recognize the area as part of the Dutch East Indies, the King will not make a promise with the relationship of power abroad, promised to comply with all the commands that set the Netherlands. This agreement replaces the short-agreements of the complex and long with the local leaders.

by http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Aceh

tomb alibasyah sentot prawirodirjo

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Tue, 12 May 2009 14:50:00 +0000

One commander Prince Diponegoro, Sentot Prawirodirjo (Sentot Alibasyah) removed to Bengkulu by the Dutch and Kompeni in a tomb in Bengkulu.

Menoreh, Oktober 1829.

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Tue, 12 May 2009 14:45:00 +0000

Weather cold and wet. At the foot of the mountains between the rivers Progo and Bogowonto, have three days to hear wolf howl, silih-switch with kedasih weep. All immediate alert. That is the hours when accompanied by suspicion mind drift along teluh evil, evil and betrayal.

At the rookery along the simple Selarong, Trucuk, Sambiroto, Pengasih, Siluk, Pincuk, and other villages in the mountains Menoreh feet, small children and leave the young girl to sleep early. Their mother, the wife of the soldier who participated in the Diponegoro army, has long been fasting for the glory, and faithfulness of their husbands. Late at night, under a coconut oil lamp, with the elders invite all anxious to see again signaling the fate of perhaps implied in the horoscope or neptu-story about hereditary Babad Tanah Djawi. How is, one thing seems increasingly certain, the direction the wind is changing.

At the other end of the distance, where the origin of the news is blown, in tents in the forest curtain soldiers, around the bonfire night watch, the painful events that also be whispered with hatred and wonder: Three days ago, Wet Sentot Prawirodirjo, commander Madiun origin that has a sharp instinct that the war was perfidious. He received a bid to Kompeni cavalry officer. Kabarnya General De Kock himself who welcomed his arrival with the military pomp ceremony.

Governor-General Du Bus, as well as senior political rivals De Kock, felt that objections to the decision. Gift of office for the former rebels seem less strange and senseless. Lupakah De Kock has not been long that they have this butcher 5000 and 7500 marsose officer Kompeni?

But De Kock seems to deliberately close the ear. For him, split-split The power of persuasion with persuasion-that arouse wealth, the road is that it should be.

Gifts and reverence as the officer are not new. Each Java soldiers know this trick. Some time ago, also get the reward for the head of a thousand Gulden Diponegoro. All know that. The problem is only a matter of persistence and loyalty. But why should that Sentot The tergiur?

Bonfire night watch the decline. A single garment, a private Bulkijo invites all forget the events. What to worry? Look, Prince itself looks so gritty and tawakal.

Sentot desertion has arrows stick in the chest pain every soldier Diponegoro. Such as being kissed the mouth of the canyon, the road is slippery decline, feeling tired by beruntun defeat, half do not make them powerless. Until finally feels narrow shelter during Kompeni successful fruit Diponegoro escort children to a region between the rivers Progo and Bogowonto, then menjepitnya there. Without food and shipment of weapons. Relationships with other villages also stopped. Every day the stifling siege circle.

Prince Ngabehi, Diponegoro uncle, and their two sons kesayangannya insisted that offer self-led troops to open a road, killed in battle hard around Temon. The right that has not healed from the pain was nearly caught in the journey toward Panjer.

One by one the brass followers began leaving farewell and fatigue. Mangkubumi including the old and ill-weakly. Laban in the village, The fall sick again.

Java News tersudutnya troops present almost every day, meet-barracks barracks officer, senior officer meeting rooms, dining table and the general Kompeni in Jogjakarta, Surabaya and Batavia. Proud every time they successfully established a small fort in each region who has seized from the troops Java.

The general to be a dinner with a toast to the future of the Dutch East Indies brighter. Added some bualan cocky about their actions in the battlefield a more respected in Europe such Prusia or Waterloo. The name Napoleon is often borrowed without burden.

In kelab-kelab meeting other officer, a young graduate who had never joined the battle render Waltz, a gulp of brandy and eating grilled menjangan curse while ignorance and slowness of thinking their senior-senior.

In the same corner of the room, the veteran squeeze out the night away in a jacket that they play, used to cover the war disabled. They were talking among each other with soft, drink a little beer, and pray I hope the youths sent to the hot-field fight. To have experience ciutnya nyali tersambar gelimang light sword troops Java.

The veteran has been through days of bitter them, when hundreds of paramilitary troops clad feet suddenly appear from behind the bushes. Cut the fleet. One hundred people killed in the attack for one hour, then disappeared without the former.

In the battle of this kind, rifle and cannon made Bronbeek distance that is usually a key victory Samasekali nothing. People are mad that moving too quickly and did not have a fixed position to become the target viewfinder.

However, they can now breathe relieved. Hours have been behind the sand. Second victory may begin calculated. And they will enjoy all this with a full sense of gratitude was due to death be caused to bow.

In the villages along the river Progo and Bogowonto, no more coyote howl or cry kedasih birds since then. But when night comes, when the tranquil reaches peak, the population hear sayup-sayup tembang dandanggula some of the temple. Be the quiet, serious and authoritative. A call to strengthen the line. They know where it comes tembang, but their lives are willing to switch the name of the owner to keep his voice.

'Tuanku Imam Bonjol,' In these film National

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Tue, 12 May 2009 14:39:00 +0000

Kapanlagi.com - Production film colossal screen width Tuanku Imam Bonjol may take up almost cost Rp20 billion and these can be a film in national film history, but producers say Reza Zulkifli optimistic.

"I'm optimistic, even if this project can be a loss," said Reza time talking with a number of journalists in Jakarta, some time ago.

Nevertheless, the making of that film Reza Imam Bonjol heroism in the Padri War era (1800-an) is supported by many parties, including the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and Ministry of Education, which even made the pledge must watch movie for school students.

Talk idealism, Reza said that the national adult film face is only a story filled with love and Horror, the ability sineas-sineas that far above that.

Familiar with the producers sinetron-sinetron fight this any hope Tuanku Imam Bonjol can motivate colleagues, and even the more senior and powerful, to make a big blow.

For the film, scheduled to start syuting early November 2007 with the location of most Payahkumbuh and in Padang, West Sumatra, it does not involve less than 500 artists and extras, including the real army.

"If the army will not mock at strong scenes of war," he said.

Reza also admitted his side still terkendala three problems, not to get Organized music that is able to bring heroic music, and the panorama of art and culture and traditional dance, the wife of Imam Bonjol, and lack of funds less than Rp5 billion.

"But I can be optimistic all the while by the way," he said.

With plans syuting long time 1-2 months, Tuanku Imam Bonjol show stars a young senior and the famous, among them Rizal Djibran, Kiki Amalia, marcelino, Damsyik Him, Ray Sahetapy, also Tessa Mariska Dangdut singer, comedian and Ginanjar.

Tessa Mariska special, the producers say will change the image of himself or troubadour image with a section of oscillation is excited to be a woman of the village soleha named Maimunah.

I ship VOC

In addition to the conscription 500, Tuanku Imam Bonjol production also requires the creation VOC ship. "Now we make more. Size is about half a ferry," said Reza.

Film begins with the story of Imam Bonjol pengadeganan small, about five minutes, during adolescence (10 minutes), and then act on the Tuanku Rao (Ray Sahetapy) to become the Padri war commander.

According to Reza, the plan of making the film has also been discussed in one of sarasehan present a number of famous people, among others, poet Taufik Ismail and Agum Gumelar as advisors production.

From that meeting, he confessed to get a lot of feedback and disclosure issues related to the Imam Bonjol, who previously did not know it. "The many, even a matter of the petition requesting the status of national hero revoked because Islam is considered a leader of the hard X Sisingamangaraja kill," he said.

However, keep it on the recognition of the government and also international group of historians who recognize the heroism Imam Bonjol.

Said the journalist, Reza acknowledge the desire to make the film not only because his son Minang, but also because the Imam Bonjol has become a national hero, as evidenced, among others, with the picture on the currency Rp5.000.

"Exhausted I will also make a film Panglima Sudirman and Prince Diponegoro," he said. (* / boo)

Tuanku Imam Bonjol

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Tue, 12 May 2009 14:34:00 +0000

Tuanku Imam Bonjol (1772 – November 6, 1864), also known as Muhammad Syahab, Peto Syarif, and Malim Basa, was a hero in the Indonesian struggle against Dutch rule. He was born in the village of Tanjung Bunga in the Pasaman regency of West Sumatra. His father's name was Buya Nudin. He was immersed in Islamic studies as he grew up, studying first from his father and later under various other Muslim theologians.

After founding the state of Bonjol, Syarif became involved in the Adat/Paderi controversy as a Paderi leader. The Paderi movement, which has been compared to the Wahhabi school of Islam in Saudi Arabia, was an effort to return the Islam of the area to the purity of its roots by removing local distortions like gambling, cockfighting, the use of opium and strong drink, tobacco, and so forth. It also opposed the powerful role of women in the matrilineal Minangkabau culture. The Adat, or traditionalist, position was that local custom that pre-dated the arrival of Islam should also be respected and followed.

Feeling their leadership position threatened, the traditionalists appealed to the Dutch for help in their struggle against the Paderis. At first, the Dutch were not able to win militarily against the Paderis because their resources were stretched thin by the Diponegoro resistance in Java. In 1824, the Dutch signed the Masang Agreement ending hostilities with the state of Bonjol.

Subsequently, however, once the Diponegoro resistance was suppressed, the Dutch attacked the state of Pandai Sikat in a renewed effort to gain control of West Sumatra. Despite valiant fighting by the Indonesians (by this time the traditionalists had realized they didn't want to be ruled by the Dutch either and had joined forces with the Paderis in their resistance), the overwhelming power of the Dutch military eventually prevailed. Syarif was captured in 1832 but escaped after three months to continue the struggle from his tiny fortress in Bonjol.

After three years of siege, the Dutch finally managed to sack Bonjol on August 16, 1837. Through a negotiation ruse, the Dutch again captured Syarif and exiled him, first to Cianjur in West Java, then to Ambon, and later to Manado in Sulawesi. He died on November 6, 1864, at the age of 92 and is buried in Sulawesi. The site of his grave is marked by a Minangkabau (West Sumatran) house.

Padri War History 1821-1837

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Tue, 12 May 2009 14:28:00 +0000

Here we discuss the history of war chaplain from various versions of history ...
Decorum in berforumnya are ya .. biar ngga in padlock ..
Sebelumberdiskusi have read some good books so that this can be seen from various perspectives ...
1. Christine Dobbin, Economic fluctuation, Resurrection of Islam, and the Padri Movement: Minangkabau 1784-1847.
2. HAMKA, Between Facts and delusion. "Tuanku RAO."
3. Mangaraja Onggang Parlindungan, 'Tuanku Rao. Religion Islamic terror sect Hambali in the Batak. 1816 - 1833 '.
4. Hamidy Basyral Harahap, 'Greget Tuanku Rao. "
5. Etc..
The more the good reference books. Let's read giatkan

(from wiki) In general vicar War erupt in the Minangkabau of years since 1821 until 1837. The cleric led Tuanku Imam Bonjol against the Dutch colonists.
Movement against the father deeds the flare at that time in the Minangkabau community, such as gambling, penyabungan chicken, the use of opium (poppy), liquor, tobacco, betel, also matriarkat aspects of customary law on inheritance of the loose and general obligations of the formal rituals of Islam.
The war triggered by this split between the cleric and leader Datuk Bandaro The Traditional leader Datuk Sati. The Netherlands and then to help oppress the indigenous people Padri. Bandaro then replaced Datuk Tuanku Imam Bonjol.
War against the Netherlands to stop the new year in 1838 after all the earth Minang thralled by the Dutch and the year before, in 1837, Imam Bonjol arrested.
Although the war officially ended in the year cleric stronghold Bonjol fall, but the last stronghold chaplain, Dalu-Dalu, under Tuanku Tambusai, then fell in the year 1838. Alam Minangkabau be part of the pax neerlandica. But in the year 1842, the rebellion Regent Batipuh erupt.

End the war chaplain
Attacked the Dutch fortress in Bonjol chaplain with the army led by general and flag officer of the Netherlands, but mostly consists of various tribes, such as Java, Madura, Bugis, and Ambon. In the list the name of the Dutch army officer is Lieutenant Colonel Bauer, Captain MacLean, Lieutenant One Van der Tak, and so on, but also the name Inlandsche (indigenous) as Kapitein Noto Prawiro, Indlandsche Luitenant Prawiro in Logo, Karto Wongso Wiro Redjo, Prawiro Sentiko, Prawiro Brotto, and Merto Poero. There are 148 European officer, officer indigenous 36, 1103 of European, indigenous army 4130, Sumenapsche hulptroepen hieronder begrepen (aka Sumenap troops parlormaid Madura). When the attack began on the fort Bonjol, Bugis people are on the front of the defense attacked the cleric.
Shipped from Batavia to hold the power of the Netherlands. On 20 July 1837 the ship arrived in Padang Perle, Kapitein Sinninghe, a number of European and African people, 1 Sergeant, 4 korporaals and 112 flankeurs. That this latter point to the African soldiers recruited by the Netherlands in the continent, the country is now Ghana and Mali. They called Sepoys and serve in the Dutch army.
Netherlands 2 use as a defense fort during the Padri War, Fort de Kock and Fort van der Capellen in Batusangkar.
War is the head of Telabie Bonjol. Head-head is Tuanku Mudi Field, Tuanku Lake, Kali Besar Tuanku, Haji Mahamed, and a certain kind of breast Tuanku Haji each day are kept by 100 people. That is the Tuanku Imam Bonjol defense with six cannon in the area of the mountain. Pages dikitari defense by a fence and trench-trench.

War 1833

In the year 1832, the fort fell into the hands of the Bonjol Kompeni soldiers. This re-trigger the war. Post Goegoer Sigandang who guarded by a sergeant and 18 Dutch soldiers dipersenjatai with a gun in the year 1833 diserbu by the Minang. They kill the sergeant and the entire fortress. Colonel Elout revenge with a call from some local leaders to Agam menghadapnya in Goegoer Sigandang and 13 people face. Top of the Colonel, the 13 people that all the swing. After this incident Sultan Alam Bagagarsyah from Pagaruyung removed to Batavia.
In addition to population Bonjol, there are 20 people in the fortress Javanese soldiers who have to cross the cleric. Among the rank and file soldiers, the army has left the Netherlands, there is a named Ali Rachman who are working hard to hurt Kompeni. There are also a club called Saleya timbrel and a gun crew (kanonnier) called Mantoto. There are also Bagindo Nature, Nature Doebelang, and Doebelang Arabic. Doebelang Arab concentrate specifically to steal strongholds in the Netherlands.
Dutch government has now realized that they no longer face the only father, but the Minangkabau people. But the government also issued a proclamation that called the bill length (1833) contains a statement that coming to the Minangkabau Kompeni not intend to take this country, they only come to maintain the security and trade, people will still be governed Minangkabau by the penghulu their customary nor required pay taxes.
Because Kompeni effort to maintain security, prevent the occurrence of "inter-war nagari", making roads, opening schools, and so require a fee, the residents are obliged to plant coffee. Finally Bonjol fort also fell for the second time in the year 1837.

Negotiations

Resident Netherlands-utusannya send envoys to confer with the Tuanku Imam Bonjol. Tuanku states are willing to make negotiations with the Resident or the military commanders. That negotiations should not be more than 14 days. During the 14 day wave the white flag and cease-fire in effect. Master came to the powwow without a weapon. But negotiations did not materialize. Tuanku Imam Bonjol commander who came to meet to negotiate the Netherlands, even arrested and taken directly to Padang, to be deported to the next area to various years died in 1864.
Colonel Elout have any official documents proving the error Sentot Ali Basya with presence in Sumatra. Sentot, after after the war, and entered office for the Netherlands Government. Presence in Java can cause problems. When Colonel Elout conduct attacks against the cleric years 1831-1832, he obtained additional strength from the forces that have been Sentot the desert.
After years of rebellion in 1833, suspicions arose that serious racketeering Sentot do with the cleric. Therefore, Elout send Sentot and legiunnya to Java. Sentot not successfully remove the suspicion against him. Netherlands do not want to be in Java and send them back to Padang. On a trip to there and sent down Sentot arrested in Bengkulu, where he lived until the death of exile. Pasukannya be dissolved and members serve in the army Indies.

Dark side Padri War

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Tue, 12 May 2009 14:18:00 +0000

There are any posts on interesting TEMPO Magazine, October 2007 Issue 34/XXXVI/15-21 dark matter of the Padri War in Minangkabau, West Sumatra. Interesting to read as the history of streamlining efforts. Next part of any posts iitu.

Dark side Padri War

NEGERI have this national hero. Most of the heroes from cauldron born guerrilla war, including the Padri movement dikobarkan in Minangkabau, West Sumatra.

Have been embedded since elementary school, Padri movement is movement antikolonial. Two tokohnya, Tuanku Imam Bonjol and Tambusai, is a national hero.

This information era, a lot of pent-up surface. One impact that is not about need, among many educated interpret heroes return criteria. In Bali, some historians see Puputan, led by I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung, Bali is not the people's war, but only family Puri Badung. In Makassar, the historians have not seen Hasanuddin, but major tourist Palaka, making South Sulawesi can not entirely be caused to bow VOC.

People also discuss Imam Bonjol. An online petition is published on the Internet ask knowledgeable government revoked the title given to the heroes of 1973.
The reason for the surprising contention, as well as ironic. Imam Bonjol responsible for the local abattoir. Padri movement known as anti-Dutch movements, but the main goal Syariat purify Islam.

Padri sensible groups that want to Wahabi Islam in West Sumatra cultural elements of the net. Unfortunately, purification of the victims ate. Family dijagal Pagaruyung Palace, in the mass murder going Batak. In the tragedy that many women are seized, diperjualbelikan.

Tuanku Imam Bonjol Tambusai and considered all the violence but does not prevent it. They are trying to understand the two leaders thought that the local culture melegalkan make them understand slavery sales girls. Inbreak to Pagaruyung and Land Batak, in the eyes of pro, as it were justified because the two sides of the colonial area. Antikekerasan opinion that has never been heard.

Not even have a balanced essay about the controversy Padri. Polemic on the new show in 1964. Mangaradja Onggang Parlindungan publish books Tuanku Rao. Parlindungan combatant is to establish and participate in PT Pindad Bandung. He was not a professional historian. Although the contents of a book challenging the metodologis it is amateur.

In June 1969, Parlindungan Hamka passed and famous scholars in a discussion meeting in Padang. Parlindungan can not answer a lot of criticism Hamka passed. Parlindungan drawn book, but does not stop Hamka passed. In 1974, it issued a religious book Between Facts and delusion Tuanku Rao.

Padri polemic does not die away. The cause of the most important, Hamka passed does not discuss the subject matter: Pagaruyung slaughter and Batak. Hamka passed critical books, but they avoid writing bloody tragedy earlier. Tuanku Rao and is now published again. Even a new book severity Tuanku Tambusai, essay Mandailing a historian, also appears.

No need to fear the fact of this new history. Not very cogent menyulut Batak and Minang conflict because there is a new mendedahkan dates. Hamka passed Parlindungan polemic and actual examples of both. Debate does not bear enmity burning books or ethnic history. Both are friends, Parlindungan Hamka passed always to meet together for Friday prayers.

Imam Bonjol let the name remain caparison history book, also the name of roads in various cities. Just need additional information about the violence Padri, without flavor sensation, in the agreed formula. New data is important to increase the depth of our history books.

Photo: http://www.mandailing.org/graphic/078ok350.jpg

prince Diponegoro

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Fri, 01 May 2009 11:35:00 +0000

eleven November 1785, Palace Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat family happy. Hamengku Buwono III (HB-III), that day, have children who first named Antawirya. I wonder Hamengkubuwono (HB-I) is very interested in the cicitnya that. He was, he said, will exceed kebesarannya. He will destroy the Netherlands.

Antawirya grew up in care in Tegalrejo Ageng Queen, wife of HB-I. There he learned mengaji Quran and Islamic values. Tegalrejo also allow for closer to the people. Spiritualitasnya with the terasah favorite berkhalwat or menyepi in the hills and caves surrounding areas. It therefore makes more Antawirya not enjoy when in the Palace of luxury, and often even the event model of the West. Including the party mabuknya. Say, only Antawirya "sowan" his father twice a year. Ie when the Idul Fitri and 'Gerebeg Maulid ".

Antawirya then titled Prince Diponegoro. He grew as a patriarch. His father wanted to select them as the son crown. He refused. He can not enjoy living in the palace. He even suggested that his father chose Djarot, adiknya, as the son crown. He will only assist Djarot soon.

At 1814, Hamengku Buwono III died. Djarot Prince, the new age of 13 years, was promoted to Hamengku Buwono IV. Practical power of control mastered Patih IV Danurejo a pro-Dutch and even the Dutch life style. Life slowly Palace avoid the atmosphere which is expected Diponegoro. Moreover, after adiknya, Hamengku Buwono IV died in 1822. Top initiatives Danurejo also, Prince Menol a new age of 3 years dinobatkan become king. The berkuasalah Danurejo.

The suggestions do not digubris. Resident Danurejo and Yogya A.H. Smissaert even planning to make roads through the land in the Diponegoro Tegalrejo. Without notice, they determine the land-matok. The cohort mencabutinya Diponegoro. The Dutch have a plan to change it. Also to expel Patih Danurejo. However, on 20 July 1825, Dutch troops and besiege Tegalrejo Danurejo IV. The local residents had to evacuate the hill Selarong. There, he also organized troops.

Activists also broken. Tried dirintis peace efforts. Netherlands and Danurejo send Mangkubumi Prince Palace-family that is still respected Diponegoro. However, after dialogue, Mangkubumi thus decided to join the Diponegoro. Governor General van der Capellen strengthen pasukannya in Yogya. However, the army was 200 people, including komandannya Captain Kumsius, died in the Logorok, North Yogya, hack up The troops under the command Mulyosentiko.

In this showdown, the two Kraton Surakarta-Paku Buwono Mangkunegoro-aligned and the Netherlands. Tumenggung Surorejo troop leaders can support the troops Mangkunegoro. In Magelang, troops Usman Haji, Haji Abdul Kadir, the Dutch army and Danuningrat Tumenggung. Danuningrat killed in that battle. In Menoreh, Diponegoro led the battle itself that killed many soldiers and Regent of the Netherlands Ario Sumodilogo.

Prambanan quarters occupied. Cannon-cannon Netherlands successfully seized. In the area Bojonegoro-Pati-Rembang, the Dutch troops ditaklukkan people Sukowati Kartodirjo leaders. Dutch defense forces destroyed in Madiun Pangerang Serang and Prince Syukur. Dutch troops and bring General van geen cruel famous in South Sulawesi. In the Dekso, Sentot Alibasyah killed almost all the troops. Geen van, Colonel Cochius and Murdoningrat Prince and Prince Panular pass.

Murdoningrat and attack again Panular Diponegoro. This time with Lieutenant Habert. In Lengkong, their conflicts. Habert killed themselves in the hands of Diponegoro. Surakarta troops against the agreed Diponegoro destroyed in Delanggu. Fort Gowok led Colonel Le Baron, falling 15-16 in the October 1826 invasion. The tertembak in the legs and chest in the battle. Sentot Alibasyah troops who seize step back Kraton Surakarta dimintanya. The purpose of war, said the Diponegoro, is against the Netherlands and not combative fellow citizens.

Netherlands exert all strength. Padre rebellion in West Sumatra, while for the left. 200 fortress was built to reduce the mobility of troops Diponegoro. Slow step is to bring results. Two important commander Diponegoro caught. Kyai Mojo caught in Klaten on November 5 1828. Sentot Alibasyah, are in a position, in Yogyakarta, South surrendered on 24 October 1829.

Arrest of Diponegoro by General de Kock on 28 March 1830, collection of the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam.

The bid then approve peace Netherlands. Date 28 March 1830, along with The five other people (Raden Mas Jonet, Diponegoro Anom, Raden Martonegoro Wet, Raden Mas Roub and Kyai Badaruddin) came to the office of Resident Kedu in Magelang to negotiate with General De Kock. They were greeted with a military ceremony Netherlands. In the negotiations, The demands to get "the freedom to establish their own country based on freedom of religion of Islam."

De Kock deceptive conduct muslihatnya. Shortly after the negotiations, and Diponegoro Semarang followers to be brought and continues to Betawi. On 3 May 1830, he was exiled to Manado, and then moved again to Ujungpandang (year 1834) until death. In tahanannya, in Benteng Ujungpandang, Diponegoro writing "The Babad" as much as 4 volumes with 1357 pages thick.

The leadership upheaval people have been killed 80-thousand troops in the Netherlands-both of Java and the Netherlands and has a colonial financial drain. It therefore encourages the Netherlands to impose planting program compel the birth of many new rebellion among scholars. In Java, the cohort as Prince Diponegoro Ario Renggo continuously reinforce the resistance, although limited.

Short History
Pangeran Diponegoro (11 November 1785 - 8 January 1855).

Supreme commander in the Diponegoro War (1825-1830) in the history books Dutch author essay called Java Oorlog (War = Java).

Name the small Ontowiryo, eldest son of Sultan Hamengku Buwono III. The more interested in the religious life and the people standing in that he prefers living in Tegalrejo than in the palace. Pemberontakannya palace of leadership began in HB V (1822) where the Diponegoro became one of the ward members who accompany the HB V aged 3 years, while the day-to-day held by the Resident with Patih Danurejo Netherlands. How guardianship is not approved Diponegoro.

In further development of the Netherlands and try to catch Diponegoro Diponegoro War burst on 20 July 1825.

Mar 28 1830 P. The meet General De Kock in Magelang. De Kock to force negotiations and urged that the Diponegoro war. The request was denied. But the Netherlands has prepared penyergapan thoroughly. The day was also arrested and removed to Ungaran, and to Semarang, and directly to Jakarta.

Until 8 April 1830 in Jakarta and in the Stadhuis thralled.

May 3 1830 diberangkatkan with Pollux ship to Manado and thralled fortress in Amsterdam.

1834 moved to the fortress Rotterdam in Makassar, South Sulawesi.

The 8 January 1855 and died in the village dimakamkan Makassar Malay

Commemorating 180 Years War Diponegoro

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Fri, 01 May 2009 11:27:00 +0000

Commemorating 180 Years War Diponegoro
By: Yanto
The war, which by the foreign historians called Java War or The War of Java, Java Qorlog De is large and comprehensive war lasted for five years (1825-1830). In this war was not the victim fell slightly. Both the victim and the wealth of the soul. The documents cited the Dutch historian, mentioned that approximately 200,000 people who terenggut life. Spread the pain that is very shocking, for the family - the family and a habit of the people, so people in the Netherlands and other nations. On the Dutch soldier, killed some 8000 people European origin - must be called so because gubernemen Dutch East Indies at that time to recruit thousands of people who come from various countries in Europe that consists of former soldiers involved in the war Napoleon. Similarly teroatat as many as 7,000 people Dutch colonial soldiers who came from various regions of Indonesia, which killed.

At the peak of the war years the Netherlands has more than 23,000 rally the rank and file; a number of concentration of troops for the extraordinary period that, for a region that is not too broad, such as Central Java and East Java part. In such a serious Colonial - Dutch imperialist face resistance of the people together behind the Prince Diponegaro. This has never happened before. From the military angle, this is the first war that involved all the known methods in a modern war. Both methods of war is open (open war fare), and methods of war geri / O (geurilia fare war) is implemented through tactics hit and run tactics and penghadangan. This war is not a tribal or ethnic war. But a modern war that utilize a variety of tactics that have never practiced this, war is also equipped with the tactics of war nerve fiber (psy-war) through insinuation and pressures and profokasi by the imperialist colonial; against those directly involved in hostilities. The war also supported activities telik password (espionage) in which both parties mutually memata - matai; find information about the strengths and weaknesses lawannya. To be able to prepare a strategy and combat tactics. Diponegoro, not only namaseorang time. Not simply the title of a prince, high level. But he is a spirit or Spirit in the hearts of rage every time, who want to uphold the dignity and the dignity of his people.

Diponegoro, is light that illuminate the whole of the country with the people to continue to fight, fight against injustice and greedy self-indulgence wrath. Serial story, starting with the atmosphere of society, before the war broke out. Daily life, the more good press for the palace and the prince, as well as farmers, traders, the clever and simple. Because postwar big (Napoleon) in Europe, the Dutch government was in economic difficulty. So to fill their treasury, run political pengurasan various regions across the sea area as a "cow perahan". Many of monopoly in business and trade. Plus various taxes that often does not make sense is often practiced. Even the kingdom of freedom in the kingdom began dirongrong. I go through the various philosophical "het Doel heiligt den Doel middelen", or "goal menghalalkan how" In kerajaanYogyakarta, because the Sultan is still in power under the age of oleb held a "council of guardianship." But in reality, the government is run by the Patih Danureja support gubernemen Netherlands-Indies.

Indeed, this government is not getting any legitimacy from the people. In addition, a range of government policies that are emphasized by the representative of the Dutch Resident Smissaert. A stupid, ambitious and greedy. The imperialist kolonialis in expanding the business and maintain his power through the development of a road from Yogyakarta via Magelang to Muntilan At a time mid-1825; distort their plans. So that way the land and village land disekatar Tegalrejo. Not only that even a grandmother moyangpun digusur cemetery. The state of the heat people denounce kehadapan Prince Diponegmo. But the interpreter and measuring contractor keep only continue the work, without considering the ban protests and Prince. Pematokan and penggusuran also resumed. IniIah which the penyulut war or Casus belli. All the people and their leaders, united in one spirit "Sadumuk bathuk, sanyari earth ditohi starch press", through the leadership of prince Diponegoro raise their arms and declare war against the kebatilan have a system that emphasized on the top of the colonists themselves. This war is not aimed at the Dutch, but this one - is a struggle against the attitudes that conflict with human rights. Not only the noble, but also on the traders, Pandai, Kyai and teachers of religion. Even the blade or jawara, the stiff market, laborers, farmers, farm garap, men and women. To unite all under - the Prince of guiding a vibrant, Miloš, Tangguh and Sengguh. Noble spirit that is able to unify the various groups and ideals. Spirit or spirit is what flows in the next - in the heart each time the fight with him.

Open hostilities with the army recruitment - infantri troops, artillery and kawaleri a war since Napoleon so are the weapons used in the head by both parties, held bitterly. There is a battle front in the eighth pejuru point. Cities and villages, the position in the strategic position - pertahankan and digempur. Berlangsunglah battle struggling region. If an area can be occupied Dutch troops in the afternoon, the evening was already seized the back rows of army troops by the prince. Jalurjalur Iogistik built from one region to other regions. So that the resistance will still be able to take heroic. Berpuluh munition factory built dihutan forest and cliff base. Production cartridge magazine and continue the war berkenyamuk. The telik password and courier work hard and find the necessary information to prepare a strategy of war. Information on enemy strength, distance and time, field conditions, rainfall becomes major news. Because the tactics and strategies that can only be built right through the control of information. Thus the attack - the attack is always at large - out in the months penghujan month, once aware of the Senopati to work with nature as a "weapon" is not invincible. When the season arrived, start gubernemen Dutch business through business to ceasefire and negotiate, because of the tropical rain downpours to make their movement hampered troops. The disease malaria, dysentery, and so is the "enemy that does not appear to" weaken the moral and physical condition and even be fatal their troops.

If there is ceasefire, and negotiations began, they have time to breathe and spread the detective and profokator they move didesa and cities, provoke, and even split up the family members of the pengeran, the leader of the struggle of the people that participated in the unity of the union under the command integrates prince Diponegoro. But the spirit in the hearts that have received the light of truth, still fighting the flare adilan under the guidance of a leader of the main firm, strong and sengguh. Acts like human children and the grief of the various classes of Terhempas in a tempest of war. War against the rapacious appetite keberingasan and power that is not fair. Story the story about the son of man that the prosperity in harmony, based on dignity, dignity and justice ethic. This is the premise, or the proposition that basic drawing conclusions made in the series this logic. Each episode will include the program mission the drama of life experienced by the human disemua period. Expected to become "a mirror monitors" kemasa ago, to be able to still see the road that must be applied before, bring the nations of Indonesia kemasa gilang signal. Author: Yanto Student FE Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Sender E-mail: yanto_sagu@yahoo.com

two impressions of Mataram

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Sun, 26 Apr 2009 09:16:00 +0000

In the middle of the name of Mataram is not the name of the foreign community. Even the name had to be left in the name of two great kingdoms in the era of each. Mataram-Hindu in the eighth century and the beginning of Mataram of Islam to the sixteen century.
Despite a separate time period long enough that the two kingdoms that color is kenthal for the development of our contemporary society.

Mataram Islam

The story starts from Mataram Islamic kingdom of Demak the end of the Latitude Trenggana ragged due to the political crisis. Adipati Jipang Panolan Arya Penangsang because insurrectional feel more entitled to the throne than Demak Jaka Tingkir the only child notabene daughter Trenggana. Conflict that eventually won by Jaka Tingkir who later founded Kasultanan Pajang.

Victory is not separated from the role Sutawijaya alias Karebet children of Ki Ageng Pemanahan. He successfully killed Aria Panangsang, and stabilizing the position that Jaka Tingkir called Sultan Hadiwijaya.

There are taro tuber have cultivated a reply, so peribahasanya. Top services Pajang Sultan menghadiahinya sebidang land area, a region called the Forest Mentaok / pad Mentaok (Kothagede). This area soon, once opened, named Earth and Mataram is still the region Pajang.

Alas Mentaok or forest mentaok can not immediately dimaknai as wilderness, and pembukaannya not merely be done with the trees and pave merubuhkan land only. Because sejatinya in Mentaok still have a Kedaton, or a small kingdom that is subject to the remains of the Majapahit Hindu clearly and not subject to the Islamic Pajang. Kedaton itself already called Mataram.

So the base Mentaok to Sutawijaya not giving dimaknai free. But more is the Hadiwijaya to widen kekuasaaanya to the south during the Demak has failed and Pajang.

That time, Forest Mataram throne Kedaton this was a queen, a title Nawangwulan Dewi Lara Kidul. He was born from the Buda Kalacakra Dynasty (Tantrayana), Maharani (Kaisarina) Suhita with the husband Pangkaja Aji Ratna, king Land Malayu.

The daughter Lara Kidul taken Brawijaya (Bre Wengker: 1456-66), and with dijodohkan Raden Bondan Kejawan aka deer Telangkas, the son of his marriage with Wandan Bodricemara. Ratu Kedaton Mataram is following its Nawangsih Dewi, Dewi Nawangwulan daughter with Bondan Kejawan. Queen of Nawangsih namely Ni Mas Ratu Wind Wind.

Top grain Adiwijaya Sultan, Ni Mas Ratu Wind Wind diperistrikan with Sutawijaya, the son of his foster it. Adiwijaya hope Sutawijaya and its offspring can be the future successor Pajang, and strong mengemban "Revelation Majapahit." Given that the blood flow in Majapahit Ni Mas Ratu Wind Wind.

Whether succession to the Majapahit Hindu-Islamic-Pajang with this model and is quite acceptable?
Formal legitimacy Sutawijaya indeed become steady when the political conflict Pajangpun broken. Hadiwijaya children, Prince is the heir to the Benowo Pajang in the coup d'etat by Pangiri Aryo duke Demak. Feeling recessive Benowo help Sutawijaya in Mataram. After the successful defeat Pangiri Pangeran Aryo Benowo submit the inheritance Pajang Sutawijaya.

How do people with common Mataram-Hindu? Whether they would simply accept the domination of the northern Islamic nota bene? General public will only receive a conformation when panakluk can kill the desire for the common struggle. And often display a conqueror and terror and fear to legitimize kekuasaanya.

For masyarakt agricultural regions such as the jawa Mataram time, taking the form of the south sea which is very different from the sea north of Java. When the north sea with the waves of calm gentle and even the beach. So is the sea south to take a different form. With the waves even if the west come the high season can reach two meters or more. In some places such as beaches or Gunungkidul Karangbolong beach form a barrier reef steep. Throughout history up to the sea south of Java mejadi always mirror subconscious fears and the Java community is pembatasnya with the outside world.

As a leader who has full-berkonflik Sutawijaya after the call to become sultan himself Panembahan know Senopati-correct condition was psychological. Penaklukanya and bred in the mind to begin with stories that show the superiority chronicle her children and descendants in the future.

From then sinikah Ratu Kidul a tale about the start. Sea south of the cruel pengambilnya in the face with a queen identikan genie in power into the sea, complete with all the ambience and structure of government. Queen of the south in the gambarkan in the tale-tale as a power that is outside the dimensions of common questions. And the dodgy Sutawijaya utilize fear-fear of Ratu Kidul akan general this is a strength of the legitimacy of the government of Mataram.

Alas Mentaok Babad

Tripe Mentaok base period is the period most vulnerable in this process legitimacy. So it must adopt Sutawijaya stories chronicle base Wanamarta by Pandawa and appropriate modifications in the interests. For the Hindu community at that time already in this story hapal out. In chronicle Wanamarta pad Pandawa sekeluarga king must confront Jin. When the genie that can be defeated and manjing / integrates with Pandawa, Pandawa have the capital Kurawa. The form of state capital Atmartha.

In the chronicle base Mentaok faced by Pandawa also in the face by Sutawijaya. Mentaok habitation by the King called Jalumampang Jin aka Jathamamrang. Had difficulty mengalahkannya, Sutawijaya ago mesuraga / semedhi sea in the south. In semedhinya ago he was in the Ratu Kidul go by that enamored by ketampanannya. Then deal politikpun reached, Ratu Kidul akan help against Jalumampang origin Sutawijaya and his descendants would become the husband of the Queen. Like shoots dicinta ulampun arrived, Sutawijaya lansung deal and kontrakpun in drawing. Short stories and Jalumamphang less terusir to the top of Merapi and Sutawijaya sukes a forest Mentaok.

The story is practically subliminal-Hindu Majapahit was in kalahkan permanently. Ratu Kidul also because it is the wife of the kings of Mataram next. And the story is very effective mengancurkan desire to struggle against the common Java ruler. How common it may be of God dare to struggle when Jin and even behind the allied authorities. With gelarnya the panotogomo Panembahan Senapati have successfully entrap the Lord.

Hindu Mataram

The biggest legacy of Mataram-Hindu kingdom that until now the price can not be considered is the inter-religious tolerance. Be governed by two different dynasty dynasty of Sanjaya Hindu dynasty and the dynasty that Buddhism makes no difference in confidence both kill each other. Both power and side by side in peace.

Talking about ancient Mataram will not be discussed without afdol Borobudur. Borobudur gives us a full portrait akan progress of architecture in that time. Borobudur as a name may not be found padanannya now. But the first name is believed to originate from the word Sambharabhudhara, the less lebihnya means "mountain" (bhudara) with a terraced lerengnya. Bhumisambharabhuddhara or full, which means "Mountain collective good ten Bodhisattva levels."

Meaning that more can also be in close runut of the word "fire" and "beduhur". Coals originating from the word Vihara, or the heat language sanksekerta means temple or a monastery complex and beduhur means "high". Experts may be piled in a matter of the name, but according to the etymology of the people come from Borobudur pronouncing "the Buddha" because often the tongue terpelesetnya Javanese word that changed to Borobudur.

Basic form of temple measuring 123 × 123 meter, 6-rise and square-shaped 3 level to top of the circle-shaped and covered with a large stupa. Basic materials of stone taken from the river, be chiselled, formed cube system with key coakan and sengkedan. As the structure of a hill-top of the hill, he said into the preparation of these stones. Total stone structure and including reliefnya-of-2.500m2 spend about 55.000m3. Drainage system is important, especially during the wet season rainfall in the tropics is very high, the water droplets rain downpours can flow from top to bottom. In each level, in every sudutnya made water hole 100 in the form of sculptures that is unique.

Borobudur become known in contemporary dijaman not be separated from the role Raffess. Year 1814 when the land of Java is still a virgin of comely diperebutkan English and Dutch, the Governor-General Sir Thomas Raffles who then happened to visit Semarang get reports that there is a hill full of relief.

Raffles immediately send H.C. Cornelius to Borobudur to conduct investigations on the news is true. At that time, the visible is only a hill covered by a thicket, and over the hill to the order-order into a stone temple.

Work with the clean cut all the trees, burning bush, remove soil from the top of the hill, the cleaning work takes a very long time. New in the year 1834, the efforts Resident Kedu, candinya can be tampakkan which are entirely up to the top of the hill.

But long before that, at the exact same Samaratungga children of Indra Syalendra dynasty ordered to arsiteknya, Gunadarma to build a large temple temple that will perpetuate his name and the name wangsanya. Yes .. Samaratungga descendant of the dynasty of the magnificent temple.

Yang akan created by the Gunadharma temple is not only a giant umtuk Mahayana rituals-rituals, but also a great book of rock that will make to make the teachings of the Buddha tersajikan visual, and throughout the period in review. In addition, Gunadarma also want to give sugesti presence of Sakyamuni Buddha in Borobudur because only people with kesaktiannya able to see this building.

Yes .. Gunadharma wisely clearly illustrate the ten levels of Bodhisattva must pass to reach the perfection become the Buddha. The foot of Borobudur symbolize Kamadhatu, the world is still dominated by Kama or "low-indulgence." As a most basic level most closed by piles of stone at a time used by Gunadarma to strengthen the construction of temples. Gunadarma here as well as placing stories Kammawibhangga panel 120.

Four floors above Rupadhatu, a world that can liberate itself from lust, but is still bound by the form and shape. At the Rupadhatu this Buddhist sculptures found in the nook-nook on the wall ballustrade or selasar.

Start fifth to seventh floor walls berelief not. This is Arupadhatu (which means do not form or does not exist). Lantainya is circular and as a natural dipralambangkan up. where people are free from all desire and the shape and form of bonds, but has not reached Nirwana.

Buddha statues are placed in a stupa in the closed vessel perforated cage. From outside the statues that still appears uncertain. Lack of existence is represented as the biggest stupa and the highest. Plain with no holes. Therein by the depiction diletakanlah Gunadarma Adibuddha.

Comparing the two holdover from the second Mataram is not complete if not added with one more legacy of Mataram-Islam, which is a colonial occupation. After Panembahan Senopati mangkat successor is Jolang alias Mas Panembahan Hanyokrowati later died while hunting in Krapyak. Throne of the child to switch empatnya Adipati Martoputra the ditenggarai mad. Until not long after the throne was taken over by the eldest son of Mas Rangsang Hanyokrowati. Mas Rangsang then that this is known as Sultan Agung Hanyokrowati. When Mas Rangsang this is known as VOC keberaniannya against the successor Amangkurat I and II Amamngkurat no more than the buttocks VOC wriggler the dutiful. In their hands and then submitted to the VOC of Mataram. Until the agreement Giyanti finally complete with the history dipecahnya Mataram Mataram into two small countries.

Kasunanan in Kasultanan in Surakarta and Yogyakarta, and Kasunanan Kasultanan kingdom is not in the sense that indeed because their political and military barren and more in use as the representative of the Netherlands Indies. Through a variety of capitulation two leaders finally the kingdom is no more than just show akan bred in the greatness romantisme ago. And the people in umpankan to perihnya imperialism and capitalism dikemudian day until now.

The biggest legacy of Mataram-Islam is a feudal system of government is behind in praktekan days later by authorities such as the jawa contemporary Sukarno and Suharto. They both apply a patron-client system in the government hierarchy. Even Suharto's exactly imitate the behavior Panembahan Senopati like to build myths around it.
Marked as: chronicle, Brawijaya, Demak, Mataram, Pajang, panembaha Senopati, rara south, sutawijaya

sutawijaya

noreply@blogger.com (ekko priyono) — Sun, 26 Apr 2009 09:12:00 +0000

Scenes that I remember since my school-children: stories catastrophe Aryo Penangsang, duke of Jipangpanolan, in a duel against Sutawijaya.

Sutawijaya not actually kill him. At a time of youth is indeed successful thrust to the stomach tombaknya Penangsang. Adipati terlontar this is the horse's stomach and intestine terburai tear. But it was magic, he soon rose again. Quietly he lilitkan ususnya the gory to the glove kerisnya. However, with that end comes. When he hunus senjatanya famed for the cutting Sutawijaya, gut it tertoreh. Disconnect. Penangsang was down again. Dead.

I remember the scene that is often turned on again in the climax stage ketoprak as a director. Then the story will be over late at night, and people are returning the tragic end of the Grand Duke Jipang-tempered that a charismatic and brutal, with the mighty kudanya, Gagak Rimang, with the magic power kerisnya, Kober Satan, but ultimately lose. Competitors in seizing the throne of the century to the Sultanate of Demak-16 was never a king in Java.

Ketoprak-tune the various sections of the community is a Java-theater memories. Pentasnya call people in the past: history since fragments up to the Hindu Mataram Mataram Islam, since the Majapahit in the 13th century until the Kartasura in the 17th century.

Aryo Penangsang including stories in the history of the end of the Kingdom of Demak. I do not know why this is the duke so prominent on the stage; may wataknya and dramatic history of color, and is eligible for an act of spectacular, such as Richard III in Shakespeare theater. For in the history of Java, Penangsang actual figure is only a quick edge lost in the field of political change.

Thus figures century-16 is Sutawijaya. He began a Pendekar only under the direction of the young Mas Karebet, who then become king in Pajang in power struggle in the century to 16. But it turns out later Sutawijayalah so that the founder of Mataram New and start a dynasty throne since 1586 till now. He and then-the-title Panembahan Senapati in the 19th century in the book Wedhatama regarded as tauladan "main proceeding" for Java.

Legend hint, it comes from family farmers. He was the son of Ki Ageng Pemanahan a lucky coincidence because of the coconut water that magically cause cikal so the king-designate. In other words, biografinya built from something outside the relationship-and-result. In scenes of death Aryo Penangsang, which determines the time, Sutawijaya not exactly determine the perpetrator.

It seems there are always two sides are envisaged in this figure. Sutawijaya a daredevil; nyalinya big enough for the coming Aryo Penangsang a far more skilful in the duel. Several years later, after he was appointed so that the Dipertuan Mentaok, because Penangsang remove services, Sutawijaya also dare to oppose the Sultan Pajang that disembahnya. Pajang ultimately not powerless, and in 1584 stood Mataram. In the case such as this have Sutawijaya the other side of life: he always looks blessed.

In Yogyakarta, where a "Mataram" remains a proud, still have the impression blessing. About 10 kilometers to the south there is a place named Bambang Lipura. There seems Sutawijaya youth receive revelation "latitude Venus" from God.

Appear, the founder of Mataram is often associated with the sacred. In situlah Wedhatama interesting: in the book, which is sacred as the melt is profan-strength material, and the physical world.

Scripture Wedhatama, which incessantly and read ditembangkan in the room palace, in the field edge, and in the store porch, Senapati Panembahan describe as a delight to the road in the quiet, no resistance and not to eat sleep, want to achieve "a silent heart" , want to mardawa ing budya sincere ( "be subtle, patient, and sincere in the thought"). Also be depicted Senapati always spoke softly to each other, and the day-night the feeling of comfort in the hearts of others.

Maybe that description does not match the history. But it is important, it lyric intend Senapati show-not as a conqueror, although he, through antagonism and violence, so the most stalwart ruler of Java. He did not conquer liyan, he did not enslave other human beings and the world outside himself. Even the sea in the South he made assistant (that's the meaning of mythology about the dipersuntingnya Ratu Kidul), even when the extent of ocean as if digenggamnya can in hand, in themselves, in the heart:

Kinemat kamot ing ndriya
Rinegam sagegem dadi

In other words, it is far from the world-a world where profan human defeat the other. Conquest not related to the unexpected blessings of guessing, not related to the authority in the tranquil mysterium it. The power of coarse look so trivial when disandingkan with the sacred, that life may be called, where the blessings work.

Scripture Wedhatama want to teach about religion ageming king, "religious minded people." But because Senapati is tauladannya, "knowledge" and "religion" is not the same as the brains sermon in the mosque and cut something Syariat-by Wedhatama dicemooh strength as exhibition material.

For Wedhatama, "religion" is a noble religion which is "the news-friendly", mamangun jdelaa Martani: tergetar by news that the sacred. Senapati Panembahan there is the Sutawijaya grateful and aware of themselves as the fate of unexpected guess, Aryo Penangsang since he died without her.

Tempo Magazine ~ Issue. 04/XXXIIIIII/19 - 25 March 2007 ~