<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4027905528997309521</id><updated>2024-11-01T03:37:39.623-07:00</updated><category term="Materi Kuliah"/><category term="Piece Of Writing"/><category term="Tips"/><title type='text'>Artayes</title><subtitle type='html'>Berbagi Informasi, Pengetahuan dan Wawasan Bagi Pengguna Internet</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4027905528997309521/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02144788836439499655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>7</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4027905528997309521.post-4788085688392277661</id><published>2015-11-30T04:28:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2015-11-30T04:28:39.163-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Hancurkan Penyakit Ganas Dan Mematikan Dengan Cara ini,Tolong di Share Ya !!! </title><content type='html'>
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Ramuan sederhana dari mentimun bisa membuat kesehatan Anda terjaga dengan baik serta bakal mencegah beberapa penyakit. Caranya yaitu dengan merendam irisan mentimun didalam air selama 12 jam, lalu minum air mentimun tersebut .

Anda bisa menyimpan beberapa irisan mentimun didalam botol air dan kemudian meminumnya. Senyawa aktif, seperti vitamin, mineral serta antioksidan dari mentimun akan tercampur ke air.

Air mentimun bukan sekedar mendinginkan serta menyegarkan tubuh, namun juga menawarkan banyak faedah kesehatan. Mentimun kaya akan vitamin C, K serta vitamin B. Selain itu, mentimun juga memiliki kandungan tembaga, kalium, mangan dan antioksidan.

Jadi mulai dari saat ini, tambahkan mentimun dalam minuman Anda untuk melindungi diri dari berbagai penyakit serta kekurangan gizi. Ditulis dari Boldsky, berikut sebagian penyakit yg dapat dicegah bila Anda teratur mengonsumsi air mentimun.

1. Otak.
Mentimun mengandung anti-inflamasi, fisetin yang terkandung didalam mentimun bisa menjaga kesehatan otak serta mengurangi peradangan. Air mentimun dapat mencegah rusaknya otak dengan meningkatkan aliran darah ke otak.

2. Ginjal.
Mentimun bisa mengurangi kandungan asam urat dalam tubuh Anda yang dapat mengakibatkan penyakit asam urat. Air mentimun mampu menghilangkan kreatinin, yakni asam urat serta produk-produk limbah yang lain yang terakumulasi di ginjal, dengan demikian, hal tersebut bisa membantu ginjal Anda


berfungsi dengan baik.

3. Membantu melawan kanker.
Tingginya kandungan antioksidan seperti pinoresinol dan lain-lain yang terkandung di air mentimun, bisa mengurangi resiko beberapa type kanker. Kandungan antioksidannya bisa menangkal radikal bebas dari dalam tubuh yang bisa menyebabkan kerusakan sel serta kanker.

4. Mengurangi cholesterol jahat.
Sterol yang ada dalam air mentimun bisa membantu menyingkirkan cholesterol jahat dari dalam tubuh. Hingga dapat mencegah Anda dari penyakit jantung serta tekanan darah tinggi. Mentimun juga kurangi pembekuan pembuluh darah, hingga tidak akan ada pembatasan aliran darah.

5. Membersihkan tubuh.
Air mentimun mempunyai efek detoksifikasi, yang bakal membersihkan toksin dari tubuh Anda. Air mentimun juga membantu organ-organ tubuh Anda supaya bekerja lebih efektif.

6. Memperkuat imunitas.
Vitamin yang terkandung di air mentimun, seperti vitamin C serta B kompleks bisa membantu meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh Anda. Vitamin C nya dapat mempercepat penyembuhan serta pemulihan dari penyakit.

7. Mencegah pembengkakan.
Air mentimun meningkatkan volume serta frekwensi buang air kecil. Ini akan mengurangi pembengkakan tangan serta kaki yang disebabkan oleh retensi air.

8. Bagus untuk tulang serta otot.
mentimun bisa memperkuat jaringan ikat serta membuat tulang Anda sehat. Air mentimun juga kaya silika yang penting untuk pengembangan jaringan ikat.

9. Bau mulut.
Kandungan phytochemcials di air mentimun dapat membunuh bakteri didalam mulut yang bisa menyebabkan bau mulut.

10. Baik untuk kulit dan rambut.
Antioksidan dalam mentimun yang terendam di air, dapat membuat kulit Anda lebih bersih serta segar. Sedangkan sulfur serta silikon dalam mentimun bisa membantu pertumbuhan rambut. </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/feeds/4788085688392277661/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/2015/11/hancurkan-penyakit-ganas-dan-mematikan.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4027905528997309521/posts/default/4788085688392277661'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4027905528997309521/posts/default/4788085688392277661'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/2015/11/hancurkan-penyakit-ganas-dan-mematikan.html' title='Hancurkan Penyakit Ganas Dan Mematikan Dengan Cara ini,Tolong di Share Ya !!! '/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02144788836439499655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqafNxiSei_U-uZY_wE2jkn3lYEwosdjDgqV8ufKHJIBjPM7FtlpYjSebXSHDn3BdGeBxOfgPlN5B68PcLethZqIPrWQ76zvTdWVBlA_3iMViyGNNiqlBWw2XAWd4uzLW6mXeQodHuu9o/s72-c/wa5.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4027905528997309521.post-2653385086053517249</id><published>2015-11-27T21:20:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2015-11-27T21:20:56.552-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Materi Kuliah"/><title type='text'>METODE PEMBELAJARAN </title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: yellow;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;color: #e69138;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;METODE&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #e69138;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; PEMBELAJARAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Metode adalah prosedur
pembelajaran yang difokuskan pada pencapaian tujuan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;. Metode
pembelajaran dapat diartikan sebagai cara yang digunakan untuk mengimplementasikan
rencana yang sudah disusun dalam bentuk kegiatan nyata dan praktis untuk
mencapai tujuan pembelajaran secara optimal. Metode dalam rangkaian sistem
pembelajaran memegang peran yang sangat penting. Keberhasilan implementasi
strategi pembelajaran sangat tergantung pada cara guru menggunakan metode
pembelajaran, karena suatu strategi pembelajaran hanya mungkin dapat
diimplementasikan melalui penggunaan metode pembelajaran.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;A. METODE PEMBELAJARAN YANG BERPUSAT PADA GURU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Ciri-ciri metode pembelajaran yang berpusat pada guru:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1. Guru yang harus menjadi pusat dalam kegiatan
belajar mengajar. Ada tiga peran utama yang harus dilakukan guru, yaitu: guru
sebagai perencana; sebagai penyampai informasi; dan sebagai evaluator.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2. Siswa ditempatkan sebagai objek &lt;a href=&quot;http://belajar-mengajar.info/?p=18&quot; title=&quot;See also Diorama Sribaduga: Pendidikan Atau Pembodohan&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;belajar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.
Siswa dianggap sebagai organisme yang pasif, yang belum memahami apa yang harus
dipahami, sehingga dalam proses pembelajaran siswa dituntut untuk memahami
segala sesuatu yang disampaikan guru. Peran siswa adalah sebagai penerima
informasi yang diberikan guru. Jenis pengetahuan dan keterampilan kadang tidak
mempertimbangkan kebutuhan siswa, akan tetapi berangkat dari pandangan yang
menurut guru dianggap baik dan bermanfaat. Sebagai objek &lt;a href=&quot;http://belajar-mengajar.info/?p=185&quot; title=&quot;See also Pengajaran online&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;belajar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,
kesempatan siswa untuk mengembangkan kemampuan sesuai dengan bakat dan minatnya
bahkan untuk belajar sesuai dengan gaya belajarnya menjadi terbatas. Sebab
dalam proses pembelajaran segalanya diatur dan ditentukan oleh guru.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3. Kegiatan pembelajaran terjadi pada tempat dan waktu
tertentu. Misalnya dengan penjadwalan yang ketat, siswa hanya belajar manakala ada
kelas yang telah didesain sedemikian rupa sebagai tempat belajar. Adanya tempat
yang telah ditentukan, sering pengajaran terjadi sangat formal, siswa duduk di
bangku berjejer, dan guru di depan kelas. Demikian juga hanya dalam waktu yang
diatur sangat ketat. Misalnya manakala waktu belajar satu materi tertentu telah
habis maka segera siswa akan belajar materi lain sesuai dengan jadwal yang
telah ditentukan. Cara mengajarinya pun seperti bagian-bagian yang terpisah,
seakan-akan tak ada kaitannya antara materi &lt;a href=&quot;http://belajar-mengajar.info/?p=33&quot; title=&quot;See also Pelajaran Tentang Kerjasama antar Negara&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;pelajaran&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
yang satu dengan lainnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;4. Tujuan utama pengajaran adalah penguasaan materi
pelajaran. Keberhasilan suatu proses pengajaran diukur dari sejuah mana siswa
dapat menguasai materi pelajaran yang disampaikan guru. Materi pelajaran itu
sendiri adalah pengetahuan yang bersumber dari materi pelajaran yang
disampaikan di sekolah. Sedangkan mata pelajaran itu sendiri merupakan
pengalaman-pengalaman manusia masa lalu yang disusun secara sistematis dan
logis, kemudian diuraikan dalam buku-buku pelajaran dan selanjutnya isi buku
itu harus dikuasai siswa. Kadang-kadang siswa tidak perlu memahami apa gunanya
mempelajari bahan tersebut. Oleh karena kriteria keberhasilan ditentukan oleh
penguasaan materi pelajaran maka alat evaluasi yang digunakan biasanya adalah
tes &lt;a href=&quot;http://belajar-mengajar.info/?p=85&quot; title=&quot;See also PYGMALION EFFECT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;hasil belajar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; tertulis yang dilaksanakan
secara periodik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Terdapat beberapa metode yang berpusat pada guru,
antara lain:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1) Metode Ceramah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Metode ceramah dapat diartikan
sebagai cara menyajikan pelajaran melalui penuturan secara lisan atau
penjelasan langsung kepada kelompok siswa. Metode ceramah sampai saat ini
sering digunakan oleh setiap guru. Hal ini selain disebabkan oleh beberapa
pertimbangan tertentu, juga adanya faktor kebiasaan baik pada guru ataupun
siswa. Guru biasanya belum merasa puas menakala dalam proses pengelolaan
pembelajaran tidak melakukan ceramah. Demikian juga dengan siswa, mereka akan
belajar manakala ada guru yang memberikan materi pelajaran melalui ceramah,
sehingga ada guru yang berceramah berarti ada proses belajar dan tidak ada guru
berarti tidak ada belajar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Kelebihan Metode Ceramah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1. Ceramah merupakan metode yang ‘murah’ dan ‘mudah’
dilakukan. Murah dalam hal ini dimaksudkan proses ceramah tidak memerlukan
peralatan-peralatan yang lengkap. Sedangkan mudah dalam hal ini dimaksudkan
metode ceramah hanya mengandalkan suara guru dengan demikian tidak terlalu
memerlukan persiapan yang rumit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2. Ceramah dapat menyajikan materi pelajaran yang
luas. Artinya, materi pelajaran yang banyak dapat dirangkum atau dijelaskan
pokok-pokoknya oleh guru dalam waktu yang singkat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3. Ceramah dapat memberikan pokok-pokok materi yang
perlu ditonjolkan. Artinya, guru dapat mengatur pokok-pokok materi yang mana
yang perlu ditekankan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan tujuan yang ingin dicapai.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;4. Organisasi kelas dengan menggunakan metode ceramah
dapat diatur menjadi lebih sederhana. Ceramah tidak memerlukan
persiapan-persiapan yang rumit. Asal siswa dapat menempati tempat duduk untuk
mendengarkan guru, maka ceramah sudah dapat dilakukan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Kekurangan Metode Ceramah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1. Materi yang dapat dikuasai siswa sebagai hasil dari
ceramah akan terbatas pada apa yang dikuasai guru.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2. Ceramah yang tidak disertai dengan peragaan dapat
mengakibatkan terjadinya verbalisme. Verbalisme adalah penyakit yang sangat
mungkin disebabkan oleh ceramah. Oleh karena itu, dalam proses penyajiannnya
guru hanya mengandalkan bahasa verbal dan siswa hanya mengandalkan kemampuan
auditifnya. Sedangkan, disadari bahwa setiap siswa memiliki kemampuan yang
tidak sama, termasuk dalam ketajaman menangkap materi pembelajaran melalui
pendengarannya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3. Guru yang kurang memiliki kemampuan bertutur yang
baik, ceramah sering dianggap sebagai metode yang membosankan. Sering terjadi
walaupun secara fisik siswa ada di dalam kelas, namun secara mental siswa sama
sekali tidak mengikuti berlangsungnya poses pembelajaran, pikiran melayang
kemana-mana atau siswa mengantuk karena gaya bertutur guru tidak menarik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;4. Melalui ceramah sangat sulit untuk mengetahui
apakah seluruh siswa telah mengerti apa yang dijelaskan oleh guru. Walaupun
ketika siswa diberi kesempatan untuk bertanya dan tidak ada seorang pun yang
bertanya, semua itu tidak menjamin siswa seluruhnya sudah paham.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2) Metode Demonstrasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Metode demonstrasi adalah metode penyajian pelajaran
dengan memperagakan dan mempertunjukkan kepada siswa tentang suatu proses,
situasi atau benda tertentu, baik sebenarnya atau hanya sekedar tiruan. Sebagai
metode penyajian, demonstrasi tidak terlepas dari penjelasan secara lisan oleh
guru. Walaupun dalam proses demonstrasi dapat menyajikan bahan pelajaran lebih
konkret. Sanjaya (2006), dan Sumantri dan Permana (1998/1999) dalam Soli
Abimanyu mengemukakan bahwa yang dimaksud metode demonstrasi adalah cara
penyajian pelajaran dengan memperagakan dan mempertunjukan pada siswa tentang
suatu proses, situasi atau benda tertentu yang sedang dipelajari baik dalam
bentuk sebenarnya maupun dalam bentuk tiruan yang dipertunjukkan oleh guru atau
sumber belajar lain yang ahli dalam topik bahasan yang harus didemonstrasikan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Kelebihan
Metode Demonstrasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1. Melalui
metode demonstrasi terjadinya verbalisme akan dapat dihindari, sebab siswa
disuruh langsung memerhatikan bahan pelajaran yang dijelaskan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2. Proses
pembelajaran akan lebih menarik, sebab siswa tidak hanya mendengar tetapi juga
melihat peristiwa yang terjadi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3. Dengan
cara mengamati secara langsung siswa akan memiliki kesempatan untuk
membendingkan teori dan kenyataan. Dengan demikian siswa akan lebih meyakini
kebenaran materi pembelajaran.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b.
Kekurangan Metode Demonstrasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1. Metode
demonstrasi memerlukan persiapan yang lebih matang, sebab tanpa persiapan yang
memadai, demonstrasi bisa gagal sehingga dapat menyababkan metode ini tidak
efektif lagi. Bahkan sering terjadi untuk mengahasilkan pertunjukkan suatu
proses tertentu, guru harus beberapa kali mencobanya terlebih dahulu sehingga
dapat memakan waktu yang lama.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.
Demonstrasi memerlukan peralatan, bahan-bahan dan tempat memadai yang berarti
penggunaan metode ini memerlukan pembiayaan yang lebih mahal dibandingkan
dengan ceramah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3.
Demonstrasi memerlukan kemampuan dan keterampilan guru yang khusus, sehingga
guru dituntut untuk bekerja lebih professional. Di samping&amp;nbsp; itu,
demonstrasi juga memerlukan kemauan dan mootivasi guru yang bagus untuk
keberhasilan proses pembelajaran siswa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3) Metode
Tanya Jawab&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Metode tanya
jawab adalah suatu cara penyampaian pelajaran oleh guru dengan jalan mengajukan
pertanyaan dan murid menjawab. Metode ini dimaksudkan untuk meninjau pelajaran
yang lalu agar para murid memusatkan lagi perhatiannya tentang sejumlah kemajuan
yang telah dicapai sehingga dapat melanjutkan pada pelajaran berikutnya dan
untuk merangsang perhatian murid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Kelebihan
Metode Tanya Jawab&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1. Siswa
akan menjadi aktif dengan sendirinya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2. Siswa
tidak mengalami kebosanan karena dalam metode tersebut melibatkan siswa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3. Dapat
memotivasi siswa untuk berani bertanya dan menjawab.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b.
Kekurangan Metode Tanya Jawab&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1. Siswa
yang tidak aktif cenderung tidak memperhatikan materi yang disampaikan guru.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2. Metode
ini tidak dapat berjalan dengan baik jika siswa dominan pasif di dalam kelas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3. Hanya
membuang-buang waktu saja jika tidak mendapat respon baik dari siswa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;B. METODE
PEMBELAJARAN YANG BERPUSAT PADA SISWA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1) Metode
Kerja Kelompok&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Metode kerja
kelompok adalah cara pembelajaran dimana siswa di dalam kelas dibagi dalam
beberapa kelompok yang dipandang sebagai satu kesatuan tersendiri untuk
mempelajari materi pelajaran yang telah ditetapkan untuk diselesaikan secara
bersama.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan Metode Kerja Kelompok:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Membiasakan siswa bekerjasama, musyawarah, dan
bertanggung jawab.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Menimbulkan kompetisi yang sehat antar kelompok.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c. Guru dipermudah tugasnya karena tugas kerja
kelompok cukup pisampaikan kepada para ketua kelompok.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;d. Ketua kelompok dilatih menjadi pemimpin yang
bertanggung jawab dan anggotanya dibiasakan patuh pada aturan yang ada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan Metode Kerja Kelompok:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Sulit membentuk kelompok yang homogen baik segi
minat, bakat, prestasi, maupun intelegensi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Pemimpin kelompok sering sukar untuk memberikan pengertian
kepada anggota, menjelaskan dan pembagian kerja.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c. Anggota kadang tidak mematuhi tugas-tugas yang
diberikan pemimpin kelompok.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;d. Dalam menyelesaikan tugas, sering menyimpang dari
rencana karena kurang dikontrol oleh pemimpin kelompok dan guru.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;e. Sulit membuat tugas yang sama sulit dan luasnya
terutama bagi kerja kelompok yang komplementer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Cara Mengatasi Kekurangan Metode Kerja Kelompok:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Mengkaji lebih terlebih dahulu materi pelajaran
dengan cermat, kemudian buat garis besar rincian tugasnya untuk setiap kelompok
agar bobot tugas tersebut sama beratnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Bimbingan dan pengawasan kepada setiap kelompok
harus dilakukan terus menerus.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c. Jumlah anggota dalam satu kelompok jangan terlalu
banyak.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;d. Motivasi yang diberikan jangan sampai menimbulkan
persaingan antar kelompok yang kurang sehat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2) Metode
Karya Wisata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Metode karya
wisata atau studi wisata sebagai metode pembelajaran adalah siswa dibawah
bimbingan guru mengunjungi tempat-tempat tertentu dengan maksud mempelajari
objek belajar yang terjadi ditempat tersebut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan Metode Karya Wisata:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Siswa dapat belajar secara langsung dilapangan
sehingga pengetahuan yang diperoleh nyata, hidup, dan bermakna.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Siswa dapat menemukan sendiri jawaban dari masalah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c. Motivasi dan minat belajar siswa tinggi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;d. Guru diperingan tugasnya dalam menyampaikan materi
pelajaran, karena materi disampaikan oleh narasumber atau observasi langsung
oleh siswa sendiri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;e. Siswa aktif belajar melalui observasi, wawancara,
percobaan, dan menggolong-golongkan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan Metode Karya Wisata:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Memerlukan kesiapan yang melibatkan banyak pihak.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Memerlukan waktu yang yang cukup lama.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c. Memerlukan biaya yang relatif tinggi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;d. Memerlukan pengawasan ketat agar siswa fokus kepada
tugasnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;e. Laporan hasil karya wisata biasanya diserahkan
tidak tepat waktu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Cara Mengatasi Kekurangan Metode Karya Wisata:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Tentukan secara jelas tugas-tugas yang sewaktu
karya wisata dan sesudah karya wisata.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Pilih waktu libur untuk melaksanakan karya wisata.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c. Rencanakan pembiayaan jauh sebelum karya wisata itu
dilaksanakan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;d. Buat tata tertib pelaksanaan karya wisata secara
jelas dan dikomunikasikan secepatnya kepada siswa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3) Metode
Penemuan (Discovery)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Penemuan
diartikan sebagai prosedur pembelajaran yang mementingkan pembelajaran
perseorangan, manipulasi objek, melakukan percobaan, sebelum sampai ke
generalisasi. Metode penemuan mengutamakan cara belajar siswa aktif (CBSA).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan Metode Penemuan:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Siswa belajar melalui proses penemuan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Pengetahuan yang diperoleh melalui penemuan sangat
kokoh.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c. Metode penemuan membangkitkan gairah siswa dalam
belajar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;d. Metode ini menyebabkan siswa mengarahkan sendiri
cara belajarnya sehingga ia merasa lebih terlibat dan termotivasi sendiri untuk
belajar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;e. Metode ini berpusat pada anak, dan guru sebagai
teman belajar atau fasilitator.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan Metode Penemuan:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Metode ini mempersyaratkan kesiapan mental, dalam
arti siswa yang pandai akan memonopoli penemuan dan siswa yang bodoh akan
frustasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Metode ini kurang berhasil untuk kelas besar karena
habis guru untuk membantu siswa dalam kegiatan penemuan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c. Metode ini terlalu mementingkan untuk memperoleh
pengertian, sebaliknya kurang memperhatikan diperolehnya sikap dan ketrampilan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;d. Metode ini kurang memberi kesempatan untuk berpikir
kreatif karena pengertian-pengertian yang akan ditemukan telah diseleksi oleh
guru, begitu pula proses-prosesnya dibawah pembinaannya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Cara Mengatasi Kekurangan Metode Penemuan:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Bentuklah kelompok-kelompok kecil yang anggotanya
terdiri dari siswa pandai dan siswa kurang pandai, agar siswa yang pandai bisa
membimbing siswa yang kurang pandai.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Metode penemuan untuk IPA dapat pula dilakukan
diluar kelas sehingga tidak memerlukan fasilitas atau bahan yang mahal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c. Mulailah
dengan penemuan terbimbing, kemudian jika siswa sudah terbiasa dengan metode
ini maka gunakanlah metode penemuan bebas, agar siswa benar-benar dapat
berkembang berpikir kreatifnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;4) Metode
Eksperimen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Eksperimen
adalah percobaan untuk membuktikan suatu pertanyaan atau hipotesis tertentu.
Eksperimen dapat dilakukan pada suatu laboratorium sedangkan metode eksperimen
dalam pembelajaran dalah cara penyajian bahan pembelajaran yang memungkinkan
siswa melakukan percobaan untuk membuktikan sendiri suatu pertanyaan atau
hipotesi yang dipelajari.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan Metode Eksperimen:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Membuat siswa percaya pada kebenaran kesimpulan
percobaannya sendiri daripada menurut cerita orang atau buku.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Siswa aktif mengumpulkan fakta, informasi atau data
yang diperlukan melalui percobaan yang dilakukannya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c. Dapat digunakan untuk melaksanakan prosedur metode
ilmiah dan berpikir ilmiah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;d. Hasil belajar dikuasai siswa dengan baik dan tahan
lama dalam ingatan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan Metode Eksperimen:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Memerluakn peralatan dan bahan percobaan yang
lengkap serta umumnya mahal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Dapat menghambat lajunya pembelajaran sebab metode
eksperimen umumnya menggunakan waktu lama.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c. Kesalahan dalam eksperimen akan berakibat pada
kesalahan kesimpulannya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;d. Belum tentu semua guru dan siswa menguasai metode
eksperimen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Cara mengatasi kekurangan metode eksperimen:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Guru harus menjelaskan secara rinci hasil yang
ingin dicapai dengan eksperimen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Guru harus menjelaskan prosedur eksperimen,
bahan-bahan eksperimen yang diperlukan, peralatan yang diperlukan dan cara
penggunaannya, variable yang dikontrol, dan hal yang perlu dicatat selama
eksperimen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c. Meminta setiap siswa melaporkan proses dan hasil
eksperimennya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;5) Metode
Pembelajaran Unit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Metode
pembelajaran unit adalah suatu cara pembelajaran dimana siswa dan guru
mrngarahkan segala kegiatannya pada suatu pemecahan masalah yang dipelajari.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan Metode Pembelajaran Unit:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Siswa dapat belajar secara keseluruhan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Pelajaran menjadi lebih berarti.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c. Situasi kelas lebih demokratis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan Metode Pembelajaran Unit:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Memilih pokok masalah yang akan dijadikan unit
bukan suatu pekerjaan yang mudah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Melaksanakan pembelajaran unit menuntut kecakapan
sendiri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c. Memerlukan ketekunan, pekerjaan dan waktu yang
lebih banyak.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;d. Melibatkan banyak siswa maka memerlukan biaya yang
lebih banyak.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Cara Mengatasi Kekurangan Metode Pembelajaran unit:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Kesulitan dalam memilih pokok masalah dapat diatasi
dengan cara membentuk tim atau panitia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Kesulitan guru karena dalam pembelajaran unit
diperlukan banyak waktu, energi dan biaya dapat diatasi dengan mmanfaatkan
waktu yang kosong dan biayanya bisa dengan iuran sedikit demi sedikit mulai
dari awalnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;6) Metode
Pembelajaran Dengan Modul&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Modul adalah
suatu paket pembelajaran yang membicarakan satu satuan konsep tunggal mata
pelajaran. Jadi yang dimaksud dengan Metode pembelajaran modul merupakan salah
satu bentuk dari bentuk-bentuk belajar mandiri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan Metode Pembelajaran Dengan Modul:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Siswa aktif&amp;nbsp; belajar secara mandiri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Meningkatkan kualitas hasil belajar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c. Siswa termotivasi untuk belajar dengan
sungguh-sungguh.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan Metode Pembelajaran Dengan Modul:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Ikatan kelas renggang, belajar bersama kurang, padahal&amp;nbsp;
motivasi belajar dipengaruhi oleh kebersamaan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Kesulitan dalam menulis modul.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c. Pembelajaran dengan modul umumnya kurang
memperhatikan aspek perasaan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;d. Cenderung untuk memuat materi yang banyak dalam
modul, sehingga memberatkan siswa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Cara mengatasi kekurangan matode pembelajaran dengan
modul:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a. Perlu dibuat modul yang penguasaannya dilakukan
melalui diskusi atau kerja kelompok.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b. Modul harus disusun oleh orang yang ahli bidang
mata kuliah juga berpengalaman dalam menulis modul.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c. Materi harus disusun berdasarkan kompetensi yang
ingin dicapai.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;d. Bahasa yang digunakan &amp;nbsp;hendaknya bahasa baku,
yaitu bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;![endif]--&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/feeds/2653385086053517249/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/2015/11/metode-pembelajaran.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4027905528997309521/posts/default/2653385086053517249'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4027905528997309521/posts/default/2653385086053517249'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/2015/11/metode-pembelajaran.html' title='METODE PEMBELAJARAN '/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02144788836439499655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4027905528997309521.post-4995027458338284465</id><published>2015-11-27T20:31:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2015-11-27T20:31:35.695-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Materi Kuliah"/><title type='text'>Analisis Wacana</title><content type='html'>&lt;header class=&quot;entry-header&quot;&gt;
  &lt;h1 class=&quot;entry-title&quot;&gt;
ANALISIS WACANA&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;/header&gt;

 
  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ANALISIS WACANA&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A. Pengertian Wacana&lt;br /&gt;
Wacana dalam bahasa inggris disebut discourse. Secara bahasa, wacana 
berasal dari bahasa Sansekerta “wac/wak/vak” yang artinya “berkata, 
berucap” kemudian kata tersebut mengalami perubahan menjadi wacana. Kata
 ‘ana’ yang berada di belakang adalah bentuk sufiks (akhiran) yang 
bermakna “membendakan”. Dengan demikian, kata wacana dapat diartikan 
sebagai perkataaan atau tuturan.&lt;br /&gt;
Menurut kamus bahasa kontemporer, kata wacana itu mempunyai tiga arti. 
Pertama, percakapan; ucapan; tuturan. Kedua, keseluruhan cakapan yang 
merupakan satu kesatuan. Ketiga, satuan bahasa terbesar yang 
realisasinya merupakan bentuk karangan yang utuh. &lt;span id=&quot;more-88&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
Wacana adalah satuan bahasa yang terlengkap diatas kalimat dan satuan
 gramatikal yang tertinggi dalam hierarki gramatikal. Sebagai satuan 
bahasa yang terlengkap, wacana mempunyai konsep, gagasan, pikiran, atau 
ide yang dapat dipahami oleh pembaca dan pendengar. Sebagai satuan 
gramatikal yang tertinggi, wacana dibentuk dari kalimat-kalimat yang 
memenuhi persyaratan gramatikal dan persyaratan kewacanaan lainnnya.  
Persyaratan gramatikal dalam wacana ialah adanya wacana harus kohesif 
dan koherens. Kohesif artinya terdapat keserasian hubungan unsur-unsur 
dalam wacana. Sedangkan koheren artinya wacana tersebut terpadu sehingga
 mengandung pengertian yang apik dan benar.   Wacana yang koherens 
tetapi tidak kohesif sepeti contoh:&lt;br /&gt;
Andi dan budi pergi ke hitec-mall, dia ingin membeli laptop. &lt;br /&gt;

Contoh tersebut tidak tidak kohesif karena kata dia tidak jelas 
mengacu kepada siapa, kepada Andi atau Budi, atau kepada keduanya. Jadi 
dapat disimpulkan bahwa wacana yang baik adalah wacana yang kohesif dan 
koherens.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Selain wacana sebagai satuan bahasa terlengkap diatas kalimat dan satuan
 gramatikal tertinggi dalam hierarki gramatikal, masih banyak lagi 
pengertian lain tentang wacana. Lubis mendefinisikan bahwa wacana adalah
 kumpulan pernyataan-pernyataan yang ditulis, atau diucapkan, atau 
dikomunikasikan dengan menggunakan tanda-tanda. Sementara White 
mengartikan wacana adalah dasar untuk memutuskan apa yang akan 
ditetapkan sebagai suatu fakta dalam masalah-masalah yang akan dibahas 
dan dasar untuk menentukan apa yang sesuai untuk memahami fakta-fakta 
sebelum ditetapkan, dimana White dalam hal ini lebih melihat wacana 
sebagai sebab daripada sebagai akibat. &lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
Analisis wacana adalah ilmu yang baru muncul beberapa puluh tahun 
belakangan ini, sebelumnya aliran-aliran linguistik hanya membatasi 
penganalisaannya pada sosial kalimat saja, namun belakangan ini barulah 
para ahli bahasa memalingkan perhatiannya pada penganalisaan wacana. &lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
Analisis wacana adalah studi tentang struktur pesan dalam suatu 
komunikasi atau telaah mengenai aneka fungsi (pragmatik) bahasa.  
Melalui analisis wacana, kita tidak hanya mengetahui isi teks yang 
terdapat pada suatu wacana, tetapi juga mengetahui pesan yang ingin 
disampaikan, mengapa harus disampaikan, dan bagaimana pesan-pesan itu 
tersusun, dan dipahami. Analisis Wacana akan memungkinkan untuk 
memperlihatkan motivasi yang tersembunyi di belakang sebuah teks atau di
 belakang pilihan metode penelitian tertentu untuk menafsirkan teks.  &lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
Objek kajian atau penelitian analisis wacana pada umumnya berpusat 
pada bahasa yang digunakan sehari-hari, baik yang berupa teks maupun 
lisan. Jadi objek kajian atau penelitian analisis wacana adalah unit 
bahasa diatas kalimat atau ujaran yang memiliki kesatuan dan konteks 
yang eksis dikehidupan sehari-hari, misalnya naskah pidato, rekaman 
percakapan yang telah dinaskahkan, percakapan langsung, catatan rapat, 
dan sebagainya, dan pembahasan wacana pada dasarnya merupakan pembahasan
 terhadap hubungan antara konteks-konteks yang terdapat dalam teks. 
Pembahasan itu bertujuan menjelaskan hubungan antara kalimat atau antara
 ujaran (utterances) yang membentuk wacana. &lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
B. Jenis Wacana&lt;br /&gt;
Jenis wacana dibedakan sesuai dengan sudut pandang wacana tersebut itu 
dilihat. Jika dilihat dari tujuannya, wacana dibedakan menjadi wacana 
lisan dan wacana tulis. Dilihat dari penggunaan bahasanya, wacana 
dibedakan menjadi wacana prosa dan wacana puisi. &lt;br /&gt;

Sedangkan dilihat dari penyampaian isinya, wacana dibedakan menjadi:&lt;br /&gt;
1. Narasi, bersifat mencerminkan suatu topik atau hal.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Eksposisi, bersifat memaparkan topik atau fakta.&lt;br /&gt;
3. Persuasi, bersifat mengajak, menganjurkan, atau melarang.&lt;br /&gt;
4. Argumentasi, bersifat memberi argumen atau alasan terhadap suatu hal. &lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
C. Teori Wacana&lt;br /&gt;
1. Teori Wacana Bakhtinian&lt;br /&gt;
Bakhtin dan kawan-kawan cenderung memahami wacana sebagai tuturan, yaitu
 pertalian antara suara penutur dengan suara orang lain yang 
terimplikasi dalam tuturan penutur itu. Bakhtin dan kawan-kawan membuat 
beberapa tipologi wacana sebagai berikut:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Pertama, Wacana Linear, adalah wacana yang memandang wacana lain hanya 
dalam sebuah garis besar dengan batas-batas eksternal yang jelas dengan 
meminimalkan individualitas internalnya. Contoh dalam wacana ini adalah 
puisi. Puisi cenderung menenggelamkan aneka suara dalam satu kesatuan 
suasana, yaitu suasana penutur. Tuturan lain dalam puisi direduksi 
sedemikian rupa sehingga yang tersisa hanya garis besarnya saja.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kedua, Wacana piktural, adalah wacana yang dengan tangkas dan halus 
dapat menerobos wacana lain, baik dalam bentuk komentar maupun ejekan. 
Seperti contoh wayang. Dalam wayang, dalang dapat memberikan komentar 
dan penilaian terhadap tokoh-tokohnya, dan sebaliknya, tokoh-tokoh dapat
 melakukan protes terhadap dalang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ketiga, Dalam hal ini Bakhtin dankawan-kawan membangi wacana menjadi dua
 jenis, yaitu Wacana Satu-Suara dan Wacana Suara-Ganda, Wacana 
Satu-Suara meliputi wacana linear dan wacana piktural. Sedangkan Wacana 
Suara-Ganda meliputi Stilisasi, Skaz, Parodi, dan Polemik terselubung.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
2. Teori Wacana Althusser&lt;br /&gt;
Teori wacana Althusser, wacana cenderung dipahami sebagai ideologi dalam
 praktik. Tak ada ideologi tanpa wacana, dan tak ada wacana tanpa 
ideologi. Ideologi yang tidak mewujud secara material, tanpa subjek dan 
untuk subjek, hal itu akan kehilangan fungsinya. Lebih jauh lagi, sesuai
 teori Marxis, wacana merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari 
formasi sosial yang ada, formasi sosial yang terbangun dari dua atau 
lebih kelas sosial yang saling bertentangan, terlibat dalam pertentangan
 dan pertarungan kelas dengan ideologinya masing-masing.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
D. Perspektif Wacana&lt;br /&gt;
Menurut A.S Hikam, ada tiga paradigma analisis wacana dalam melihat bahasa:&lt;br /&gt;
Pertama, Pandangan positivisme-empiris;&lt;br /&gt;
Penganut aliran ini melihat bahasa sebagai jembatan antara manusia 
dengan objek yang ada di luar dirinya. Pengalaman manusia dianggap dapat
 secara langsung diekspresikan melalui penggunaan bahasa tanpa ada 
kendala aatau distorsi, sejauh ia dinyatakan dengan menggunakan 
pernyataan-pernyataan yang logis, sintaksis, dan memiliki hubungan 
dengan pengalaman empiris. Salah satu ciri dari pemikiran ini adalah 
pemisahan antara ide/pemikiran dan realitas. Dalam kaitannya dengan 
analisis wacana, konsekuensi logis dari pemahaman ini adalah orang tidak
 perlu mengetahui makna-makna subjektif atau nilai yang mendasari 
pernyataannya, sebab yang penting adalah apakah pernyataan itu 
dilontarkan secara benar menurut kaidah sintaksis dan seemantik. Oleh 
karena itu, kebenaran sintaksis (tata bahasa) adalah bidang utama dari 
aliran positivisme tentang wacana. &lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
Sebagaimana yang telah dijelaskan di atas, titik perhatian utama 
aliran positivisme didasarkan pada benar tidaknya bahasa itu secara 
gramatikal. Istilah yang sering disebut adalah kohesi dan koherensi. 
Wacana yang baik selalu mengandung kohesi dan koherensi di dalamnya. 
Kohesi merupakan keserasian hubungan antar unsur-unsur dalam wacana, 
sedangkan koherensi merupakan kepaduan wacana sehingga membawa ide 
tertenti yang dipahami oleh khalayak.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
Kedua, Pandangan konstruktivisme;&lt;br /&gt;
Pandangan ini banyak dipengaruhi oleh pemikiran fenomenologi. Aliran ini
 menolak pandangan positivisme/empirisme dalam analisis wacana yang 
memisahkan subyek dan objek bahasa. Dalam pandangan konstruktivisme, 
bahasa tidak lagi hanya dilihat sebagai alat untuk memahami realitas 
objektif belaka yang dipisahkan dari subjek sebagai penyampai 
pernyataan. Konstruktivisme justru menganggap bahwa subjek adalah faktor
 utama atau faktor sentral dalam kegiatan wacana serta hubungan-hubungan
 sosialnya. &lt;br /&gt;

Dalam hal ini, A.S Hikam mengatakan bahwa, subjek memiliki kemampuan 
melakukan kontrol terhadap maksud-maksud tertentu dalam setiap wacana. 
Bahasa yang dipahami dalam paradigma ini diatur dan dihidupkan dalam 
pernyataan-pernyataan yang bertujuan. Setiap pernyataan pada dasarnya 
adalah penciptaan makna, yakni tindakan pembentukan diri serta 
pengungkapan jatidiri dari sang pembicara. &lt;br /&gt;

Oleh karena itu, analisis wacana dimaksudkan sebagai suatu analisis 
yang membongkar makna dan maksud-maksud tertentu. Wacana adalah suatu 
upaya pengungkapan maksud tersembunyi dari sang subjek yang 
memngemukakan suatu pernyataan.pengungkapan itu dilakukan diantaranya 
dengan menempatkan diri pada posisi sang pembicara dengan penafsiran 
mengikuti struktur makna dari sang pembicara.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
Ketiga, Pandangan kritis.&lt;br /&gt;
Pandangan ingin mengoreksi pandangan pandangan konstruktivisme yang 
kurang sensitif pada proses produksi dan reproduksi makna yang terjadi 
secara historis maupun secara institusional. Menurut A.S Hikam, 
pandangan konstruktivisme masih belum menganalisis faktor-faktor 
hubungan kekuasaan yang inhern dalam setiap wacana, yang pada gilirannya
 berperan dalam membentuk jenis-jenis subjek tertentu berikut &lt;span class=&quot;skimlinks-unlinked&quot;&gt;perilaku-perilakunya.hal&lt;/span&gt; inilah yang melahirkan paradigma kritis. &lt;br /&gt;

Analisis wacana tidak dipusatkan pada kebenaran atau ketidakbenaran 
struktur tata bahasa atau proses penafsiran seperti pada pandangan 
konstruktivisme. Analisis wacana dalam paradigma kritis menekankan pada 
konstelasi kekuatan yang terjadi pada proses produksi dan reproduksi 
makna. Individu tidak dianggap sebagai subjek yang netral yang bisa 
menafsirkan secara bebas sesuai dengan pikiran-pikirannya, karena sangat
 berhubungan dan dipengaruhi oleh kekuatan-kekuatan sosial yang adal 
dalam masyarakat. Bahasa disini tidak dipahami sebagai medium netral 
yang terletak di luar diri si pembicara. &lt;br /&gt;

Bahasa dalam pandangan kritis dipahami sebagai representasi yang 
berperan dalam membentuk subjek tertentu, tema-tema tertentu, maupun 
strategi-strategi di dalamnya. Oleh karena itu, analisis wacana 
digunakan untuk membongkar kuasa yang ada dalam setuap proses bahasa 
seperti, batasan-batasan apa yang diperkenankan menjadi wacana, 
perspektif yang mesti dipakai, topik apa yang dibicarakan.Dengan 
pandangan semacam ini, wacana melihat bahasa selalu terlibat dalam 
hubungan kekuasaan, terutama dalam pembentukan subjek, dan berbagai 
tindakan representasi yang terdapat dalam masyarakat. Karena memakai 
perspektif kritis, (paradigma) analisis wacana yang ketiga ini sering 
juga disebut Critical Discourse Analysis/CDA.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
E. Analisis Wacana Kritis&lt;br /&gt;
Analisis wacana kritis (AWK) adalah sebuah upaya atau proses 
(penguraian) untuk memberi penjelasan dari sebuah teks (realitas sosial)
 yang mau atau sedang dikaji oleh seseorang atau kelompok dominan yang 
kecenderungannya mempunyai tujuan tertentu untuk memperoleh apa yang 
diinginkan. Artinya, dalam sebuah konteks harus disadari akan adanya 
kepentingan. Oleh karena itu, analisis yang terbentuk nantinya disadari 
telah dipengaruhi oleh si penulis dari berbagai faktor. Selain itu harus
 disadari pula bahwa di balik wacana itu terdapat makna dan citra yang 
diinginkan serta kepentingan yang sedang diperjuangkan.&lt;br /&gt;

Lukmana, Aziz dan Kosasih mengatakan bahwa analisis wacana kritis 
(Critical Discourse Analysis) mempunyai ciri yang berbeda dari analisis 
wacana yang bersifat “non-kritis”, yang cenderung hanya mendeskripsikan 
struktur dari sebuah wacana. Analisis wacana kritis (Critical Discourse 
Analysis) bertindak lebih jauh, diantaranya dengan menggali alasan 
mengapa sebuah wacana memiliki struktur tertentu, yang pada akhirnya 
akan berujung pada analisis hubungan sosial antara pihak-pihak yang 
tercakup dalam wacana tersebut. Analisis wacana kritis (Critical 
Discourse Analysis) juga merupakan kritik terhadap linguistik dan 
sosiologi. Tampak adanya kurang komunikasi diantara kedua disiplin ilmu 
tersebut. Pada satu sisi, sosiolog cenderung kurang memperhatikan 
isu-isu linguistik dalam melihat fenomena sosial meskipun banyak data 
sosiologis yang berbentuk bahasa.  &lt;br /&gt;

Analisis wacana kritis menyediakan teori dan metode yang bisa 
digunakan untuk melakukan kajian empiris tentang hubungan-hubungan 
antara wacana dan perkembangan sosial dan kultural dalam domain-domain 
sosial yang berbeda.  Tujuan analisis wacana kritis adalah menjelaskan 
dimensi linguistik kewacanaan fenomena sosial dan kultural dan proses 
perubahan dalam modernitas terkini.  &lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
Teun Van Dijk mengemukakan bahwa AWK digunakan untuk menganalisis 
wacana-wacana kritis, diantaranya politik, ras, gender, kelas sosial, 
hegemoni, dan lain-lain.&lt;br /&gt;
Selanjutnya Fairclough dan Wodak meringkas tentang prinsip-prinsip ajaran AWK sebagai berikut:&lt;br /&gt;
1)      Membahas masalah-masalah sosial&lt;br /&gt;
2)      Mengungkap bahwa relasi-relasi kekuasaan adalah diskursif&lt;br /&gt;
3)      Mengungkap budaya dan masyarakat&lt;br /&gt;
4)      Bersifat ideologi&lt;br /&gt;
5)      Bersifat historis&lt;br /&gt;
6)      Mengemukakan hubungan antara teks dan masyarakat&lt;br /&gt;
7)      Bersifat interpretatif dan eksplanatori &lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
Dengan demikian, analisis wacana kritis merupakan teori untuk 
melakukan kajian empiris tentang hubungan-hubungan antara wacana dan 
perkembangan sosial budaya. Untuk menganalisis wacana, yang salah 
satunya bisa dilihat dalam area linguistik dengan memperhatikan 
kalimat-kalimat yang terdapat dalam teks (novel) bisa menggunakan teori 
analisis wacana kritis. Teori analisis wacana kritis memiliki beberapa 
karakteristik dan pendekatan. Pendekatan analisis wacana kritis menurut 
Eriyanto terdiri dari lima bagian yaitu analisis bahasa kritis, analisis
 wacana pendekatan Prancis, pendekatan kognisi sosial, pendekatan 
perubahan sosial, dan pendekatan wacana sejarah. &lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
Sedangkan karaktektistik AWK diantaranya adalah:&lt;br /&gt;
1.  Tindakan&lt;br /&gt;
 Wacana dipahami sebagai sebuah tindakan (action) yang diasosiakan 
sebagai bentuk interaksi. Wacana dipandang sebagai sesuatu yang 
bertujuan, apakah untuk mempengaruhi, mendebat, membujuk, menyangga, 
beraksi dan sebagainya, Seseorang berbicara atau menulis mempunyai 
maksud tertentu, baik besar maupun kecil. Kedua, wacana dipahami sebagai
 sesuatu yang diekspresikan secara sadar, terkontrol, bukan sesuatu yang
 di luar kendali atau diekspresikan di luar kesadaran.  &lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
2. Konteks&lt;br /&gt;
 Analisis wacana kritis mempertimbangkan konteks dari wacana, seperti 
latar, situasi, peristiwa dan kondisi. Wacana di sini dipandang 
diproduksi, dimengerti, dan dianalisis pada suatu konteks tertentu. 
Mengikuti Guy Cook, analisis wacana juga memeriksa konteks dari 
komunikasi: siapa yang mengkomunkasikan dengan siapa dan mengapa; dalam 
jenis khalayak dan situasi apa; melalui medium apa; bagaimana perbedaan 
tipe dari perkembangan komunikasi; dan hubungan untuk setiap 
masing-masing pihak. Guy Cook menyebutkan ada tiga hal yang sentral 
dalam pengertian wacana; teks, konteks, dan wacana. Teks adalah semua 
bentuk bahasa, bukan hanya kata-kata yang tercetak di lembar kertas, 
tetapi juga semua jenis ekspresi komunikasi, ucapan, musik, gambar, efek
 suara, citra dan sebagainya. Konteks memasukkan semua situasi dan hal 
yang berada di luar teks .  &lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
3. Historis&lt;br /&gt;
 Pemahaman mengenai wacana teks ini hanya akan diperoleh kalau kita bisa
 memberikan konteks historis di mana teks itu diciptakan. Bagaimana 
situasi sosial politik, suasana pada saat itu. Oleh karena itu, pada 
waktu melakukan analisis perlu tinjauan untuk mengerti mengapa wacana 
yang berkembang atau dikembangkan seperti itu, mengapa bahasa yang 
dipakai seperti itu, dan seterusnya.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
4. Kekuasaan&lt;br /&gt;
 Setiap wacana yang muncul, dalam bentuk teks, percakapan atau apa pun, 
tidak dipandang sebagai seusatu yang alamiah, wajar dan netral tetapi 
merupakan bentuk pertarungan kekuasaan. Analisis wacana kritis tidak 
membatasi dirinya pada detil teks atau struktur wacana saja tetapi juga 
menghubungkan dengan kekuatan dan kondisi sosial, politik, ekonomi dan 
budaya tertentu. Kekuasaan itu dalam hubungannya dengan wacana, penting 
untuk melihat apa yang disebut sebagai kontrol. Kontrol di sini tidaklah
 harus selalu dalam bentuk fisik dan langsung tetapi juga kontrol secara
 mental atau psikis. Bentuk kontrol terhadap wacana tersebut dapat 
berupa kontrol atas konteks, atau dapat juga diwujudkan dalam bentuk 
mengontrol struktur wacana.   &lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
5. Ideologi&lt;br /&gt;
 Dalam pandangan kritis, wacana di¬pandang sebagai praktik ideologi, 
atau pen¬cerminan dari ideologi tertentu. Ideo¬logi yang berada di balik
 penghasil teks¬nya akan selalu me¬warnai bentuk wacana tertentu. 
Penghasil teks yang berideologi liberalisme atau sosia¬lisme tentu akan 
menghasilkan wacana yang memiliki karakter sendiri-sendiri. Dua catat¬an
 penting yang berkenaan dengan ideologi dalam wacana. Pertama, ideo¬logi
 secara in¬heren bersifat sosial, tidak personal atau individu. Ideologi
 akan selalu mem¬butuh¬kan anggota kelompok, ko-munitas, atau 
masya¬rakat yang me¬matuhi dan mem¬perjuangkan ideologi itu. Kedua, 
ideologi digunakan se¬cara internal di antara anggota kelompok atau 
komunitas. Ideo¬logi selalu me-nyedia¬kan jawaban tentang identitas 
kelompok. &lt;br /&gt;

 Dari paparan tersebut itu dapat diperoleh pe¬mahaman bahwa analisis 
wacana tidak bisa lagi menempatkan bahasa dalam sistem ter¬tutup, tetapi
 harus menempatkannya dalam konteks. Analisisnya akan selalu meng¬ungkap
 bagaimana ideologi dari kelompok-kelompok yang ada, ber¬peran dalam 
mem¬bentuk wacana .&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
F. Pendekatan Analisis Wacana Kritis&lt;br /&gt;
Beberapa pendekatan yang umum digunakan dalam analisis wacana kritis, antara lain adalah:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
a. Pendekatan Linguistik Kritis  (Crticical Linguistic)&lt;br /&gt;
Pendekatan lingusitik kritis me¬nekankan analisisnya pada bahasa dalam 
kait¬annya dengan ideologi. Dalam hal ini, ideologi ditelaah dari sudut 
pilihan kata dan struktur kalimat yang digunakan, dengan kata lain, 
aspek ideologi itu diamati dengan melihat pilihan bahasa dan struktur 
tata bahasa yang dipakai.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
b. Pendekatan Perancis (French Discourse Analysis)&lt;br /&gt;
Pen¬dekat¬an Perancis berasumsi bahwa bahasa adalah medan pertarungan 
kekuasaan. Melalui makna yang diciptakan dalam wacana, berbagai kelompok
 saling berupaya me¬nanam-kan keyakinannya dan pemahamannya kepada 
kelompok lain. Melalui kata dan makna yang diciptakan mereka melakukan 
pertarungan, ter¬masuk kekuasaan untuk menentukan dan mengukuhkan posisi
 dominasi kuasa pada yang lain. Dalam pendekatan ini bahasa dan ideologi
 bertemu pada pemakaian bahasa dan materialisasi bahasa pada ideologi. 
Keduanya, kata yang digunakan dan maknanya memposisikan orang dalam 
kelas tertentu. Bahasa adalah pertarungan wacana melalui mana suatu 
kelompok sosial atau kelas sosial berusaha menanamkan keyakinan dan 
pemahamannya. Pendekatan inilah yang digunakan oleh Sara Mills dengan 
perspektif feminisnya.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
c. Pendekatan Kognisi Sosial (Socio Cognitive Approach)&lt;br /&gt;
Pendekatan ini dikembangkan oleh Teun Van Dijk yang menitikberatkan pada
 masalah etnis, rasialisme dan pengungsi. Pendekatan ini disebut sebagai
 kognisi sosial, karena ia melihat faktor kognisi sebagai elemen penting
 dalam produksi wacana. Oleh karena itu, menurut pen¬dekat¬an ini 
analisis wacana dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui posisi sosial 
kelompok-kelompok penguasa/dominan dan kelompok marjinal.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
d. Pendekatan Perubahan Sosial (Sociocultural Change Approach)&lt;br /&gt;
Pendekatan ini memusatkan perhatian pada bagaimana wacana dan perubahan 
sosial. Wacana di sini dipandang sebagai praktik sosial. Dengan demikian
 ada hubungan dialektis antara praktik diskursif tersebut dengan 
identitas dan relasi sosial. Wacana juga melekat dalam situasi, 
isntitusi dan kelas sosial tertentu. Pendekatan perubahan sosial 
memandang wacana sebagai praktik ke¬kuasaan. Menurut pendekatan ini 
wacana mempunyai tiga efek dalam perubahan sosial,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; yaitu (a) memberi 
andil dalam mengkonstruksi identitas sosial dan posisi subjek, (b) 
memberi kontribusi dalam mengkonstruksi relasi sosial, (c) memberi 
kontribusi dalam mengkonstruksi sistem pengetahuan dan kepercayaan. &lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
e. Pendekatan Wacana Sejarah (Discourse Historical Approaches)&lt;br /&gt;
 Menurut pen¬dekatan kesejarahan, analisis wacana harus memperhatikan  
konteks kesejarahan. Wacana di sini disebut historis karena menurut 
Wodak, analisis wacana harus menyertakan konteks sejarah bagaimana 
wacana tentang suatu kelompok atau komunitas digambarkan. Dalam 
paradigma kritis, media dipandang sebagai domain di mana kelompok 
dominan dapat mengontrol kelompok yang tidak dominan bahkan 
memarjinalisasi mereka dengan menguasai dan mengontrol media. Karena 
media dikuasai oleh kelompok yang dominan, realitas yang sebenarnya 
telah terdistorsi dan palsu.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
BAB III&lt;br /&gt;
KESIMPULAN:&lt;br /&gt;
1. Wacana adalah satuan bahasa yang terlengkap diatas kalimat dan satuan
 gramatikal yang tertinggi dalam hierarki gramatikal. Sedangkan analisis
 wacana adalah studi tentang struktur pesan dalam komunikasi atau telaah
 mengenai aneka fungsi (pragmatik) bahasa.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
2. Jenis wacana dibedakan sesuai dengan sudut pandang wacana tersebut
 itu dilihat. Jika dilihat dari tujuannya, wacana dibedakan menjadi 
wacana lisan dan wacana tulis. Dilihat dari penggunaan bahasanya, wacana
 dibedakan menjadi wacana prosa dan wacana puisi. Sedangkan dilihat dari
 penyampaian isinya, wacana dibedakan menjadi Narasi, Eksposisi, 
Persuasi, dan Argumentasi.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
3. Teori wacana, diantaranya adalah Teori Wacana Bakhtinian, yang 
memandang wacana menjadi tiga tipe, yaitu Wacana Linear, Wacana 
piktural, dan Wacana Satu-Suara atau Wacana Suara-Ganda, dan Teori 
wacana Althusser, yang cenderung memahami sebagai ideologi dalam 
praktik.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
4. Menurut A.S Hikam, ada tiga pandangan analisis wacana, yaitu 
Pandangan positivisme-empiris, Pandangan konstruktivisme, dan Pandangan 
kritis. &lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
5. Analisis wacana kritis (AWK) adalah sebuah upaya atau proses 
(penguraian) untuk memberi penjelasan dari sebuah teks (realitas sosial)
 yang mau atau sedang dikaji oleh seseorang atau kelompok dominan yang 
kecenderungannya mempunyai tujuan tertentu untuk memperoleh apa yang 
diinginkan. Karaktektistik AWK diantaranya adalah Tindakan, Konteks, 
Historis, Kekuatan, dan Ideologi.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
6. Pendekatan analisis wacana kritis menurut Eriyanto terdiri dari 
lima bagian yaitu analisis bahasa kritis, analisis wacana pendekatan 
Prancis, pendekatan kognisi sosial, pendekatan perubahan sosial, dan 
pendekatan wacana sejarah. &lt;br /&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
DAFTAR PUSTAKA:&lt;br /&gt;
Mulyana, Kajian Wacana: Teori, Metode dan Aplikasi, Prinsip-Prinsip Analisis Wacana (Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana, 2005).&lt;br /&gt;
Salim, Peter,  Kamus Bahasa Indonesia Kontemporer (Jakarta: Modern English Press, 2002).&lt;br /&gt;
Chaer, Abdul , Linguistik Umum, (Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta, 2007).&lt;br /&gt;
Djajasudarma, Fatimah, Wacana, (Bandung: PT Refika Aditama, 2006).&lt;br /&gt;
Lubis, Akhyar , Masih Adakah Tempat Berpijak Bagi Ilmuan, (Bogor: Akademia, 2004).&lt;br /&gt;
Lubis, Hamid Hasan, Analisis Wacana Pragmatik, (Bandung: Angkasa, 1993).&lt;br /&gt;
Sobur, Alex , Analisis Teks Media Massa: Suatu Pengantar untuk Analisis 
Wacana, Simiotika dan Framing, (Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosda Karya, 2002).&lt;br /&gt;
Jorgensen,  Marianne W, Analisis Wacana:  Teori dan Metode , (Yogyakarta: Pustaka  Pelajar, 2007).&lt;br /&gt;
Aminuddin, dkk, Analisis wacana, (Yogyakarta: Kanal, 2002).&lt;br /&gt;
Eriyanto, Analisis Wacana: Pengantar Analisis Teks Media, (Yogyakarta: LKIS, 2001).&lt;br /&gt;
Lukmana, dkk, Linguistik Indonesia (Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2006).&lt;br /&gt;
Wodak, Ruth , “Critical Dis¬course Ana¬lysis” dalam Teun Van Dijk (ed.) 
Dis¬course as Sosial Interaction: Dis¬course Studies a Multidisciplinary
 Intro¬duction, Vol 2. (London: Sage Publi-cation, 1997).&lt;br /&gt;
Santoso, Anang,  Bahasa, Masyarakat, dan Kuasa: Topik-topik Kritis dalam
 Kajian Ilmu Bahasa. (Malang: Jurusan Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Sastra,
 Universitas Negeri Malang, 2006).&lt;br /&gt;
Fairclough, Norman, Media Discourse, (London: Edward Arnold, 1997).</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/feeds/4995027458338284465/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/2015/11/analisis-wacana.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4027905528997309521/posts/default/4995027458338284465'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4027905528997309521/posts/default/4995027458338284465'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/2015/11/analisis-wacana.html' title='Analisis Wacana'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02144788836439499655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4027905528997309521.post-8874791012718909868</id><published>2015-11-27T07:50:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2015-11-27T07:50:21.516-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Tips"/><title type='text'>Cara Membuat Robot Assistent</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if !mso]&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
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&lt;style&gt;
 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
	{mso-style-name:&quot;Table Normal&quot;;
	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
	mso-style-noshow:yes;
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-qformat:yes;
	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
	mso-para-margin:0cm;
	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	text-align:justify;
	line-height:0%;
	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;
	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
	mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;
	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
	mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
	mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;![endif]--&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Dim speaks, speechspeaks=&quot;&lt;b&gt;Hi
Mr. Jaka, Welcome to My World&lt;/b&gt;&quot;Set
speech=CreateObject(&quot;sapi.spvoice&quot;)speech.Speak speaks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Untuk tulisan &quot;&lt;i&gt;Hi Mr. Jaka, Welcome to My World&lt;/i&gt;&quot;
     bisa kamu ganti sesuka hati, sehingga menjadi seperti ini.&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNpym9cDhsFqyYxhPT8lYjnzfSM6eAr2u-Edwt90dXYRmXQTfZLAarvxbHogMCGiNWTLPYDbNhyphenhyphenSiouOFo8JMJfwoccXSEoQtbepBvaV6g3webQFjozPKw67C4NTFOO2c2ig9qFPa-0Ac/s1600/New+Picture+%25283%2529.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;214&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNpym9cDhsFqyYxhPT8lYjnzfSM6eAr2u-Edwt90dXYRmXQTfZLAarvxbHogMCGiNWTLPYDbNhyphenhyphenSiouOFo8JMJfwoccXSEoQtbepBvaV6g3webQFjozPKw67C4NTFOO2c2ig9qFPa-0Ac/s320/New+Picture+%25283%2529.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;
      
      
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
      
      
      
     
      
     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Jika sudah, Kemudian simpan dengan Nama welcome.vbs&amp;nbsp;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgOupbzR7CxErBAJoTAWOOOnlSC2LPBW4HvnCBvB_Eas4pY9yP2dwSfBQlfjn4za482qDM0bjyxY7k_hzoqzxAQM7YxmxJvbIvOax9vQJwkt2bX2Qy2EUGURVuRCnn8O2ALuGLjjNIrv4/s1600/New+Picture+%25284%2529.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;233&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgOupbzR7CxErBAJoTAWOOOnlSC2LPBW4HvnCBvB_Eas4pY9yP2dwSfBQlfjn4za482qDM0bjyxY7k_hzoqzxAQM7YxmxJvbIvOax9vQJwkt2bX2Qy2EUGURVuRCnn8O2ALuGLjjNIrv4/s320/New+Picture+%25284%2529.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;
      
     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Lalu &lt;b&gt;Copy&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;Paste&lt;/b&gt; file welcome.vbs tadi ke
     :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Untuk Windows 7, 8, dan 8.1, &lt;b&gt;C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start
     Menu\Programs\Startup&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Untuk Windows XP, &lt;b&gt;C:\Documents and Settings\All
     Users\Start Menu\Programs\Startup&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Khusus pengguna Windows 7, 8, dan
8.1, Ganti kata &lt;b&gt;USERNAME&lt;/b&gt; dengan Username komputer kamu.- Sampai disini
sudah selesai, untuk mencobanya, sekarang coba &lt;i&gt;restart&lt;/i&gt; komputer kamu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/feeds/8874791012718909868/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/2015/11/cara-membuat-robot-assistent.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4027905528997309521/posts/default/8874791012718909868'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4027905528997309521/posts/default/8874791012718909868'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/2015/11/cara-membuat-robot-assistent.html' title='Cara Membuat Robot Assistent'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02144788836439499655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNpym9cDhsFqyYxhPT8lYjnzfSM6eAr2u-Edwt90dXYRmXQTfZLAarvxbHogMCGiNWTLPYDbNhyphenhyphenSiouOFo8JMJfwoccXSEoQtbepBvaV6g3webQFjozPKw67C4NTFOO2c2ig9qFPa-0Ac/s72-c/New+Picture+%25283%2529.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4027905528997309521.post-4543240521036314678</id><published>2015-11-27T07:38:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2015-11-27T07:38:51.789-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Piece Of Writing"/><title type='text'>HAPPYNESS</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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  &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;
  &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;
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  &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;
  &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;
  &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;
  &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;
  &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;
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  &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;IN&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;Copyright@aseparyadi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;Writter
by Arie_&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bradley Hand ITC&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;23/05/2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bradley Hand ITC&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;“Dalam
pertemuan Dua orang sahabat yang berada di rumah sakit ketika menjenguk
temnanya, mereka bercanda gurai seperti biasanya ketika bertemu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bradley Hand ITC&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;“Pria yang
menjenguk tampak muram, khawatir bahkan sedih, ketika melihat sahabatnya
mengalami sebuah Accident.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bradley Hand ITC&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;“ada masalah apa”?, sahabatnya si A tersebut bertanya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bradley Hand ITC&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;“Begini teman, saya sedih!! Kata pria itu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bradley Hand ITC&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;“kamu mengalami musibah seperti ini, yang membuat kamu
terluka parah, namun mengpa kamu masih dapat tertawa dan bercanda. Sedangkan
kamu masih merasakan sakit serta goncangan psikologis pasca Accident itu!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bradley Hand ITC&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;“Dia(pria yang menjenguk)
melihat sahabatnya itu dengan Was-was dan khawatir, Iia tidak tau mengapa
temannya masaih dapat sepeti ini,, Ia sempat berfikir jika Ia seperti itu, Ia
tidak tau sanggup menghadapinya atau tidak.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bradley Hand ITC&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;“Sahabatnya itu tampak tenang
dan gembira ketika mendengar pernyataan sahabatnya itu, serta ia
menjawab,,“Saya harusa bisa siap ketika semua ini terjadi. (sahabatnya semakin
tak mengerti).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bradley Hand ITC&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;“Why”,, sahabatnya itu
berkata.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bradley Hand ITC&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;“Sebab saya sudah mendengar
tentang hal ini sebelumnya(Kejadian-kejadian yang dapat terjadi kepada manusia
atasa kehendak Allah SWT. Sebagai ujian atau cobaan) dan ini tidak pernah lebih
dari sekedar masalah sementara. Segala sesuatunya ujian itu biasanya memberikan
kesempatan untuk perubahan yang lebih panjang. Ini masalah kedisiplinan pribadi
baggi saya agar selalu bereaksi dengan gembira ketika kejadian-kejadian yang
sedang saya alami sekarang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bradley Hand ITC&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;“&lt;span style=&quot;background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;Saya tahu bahwa accident ini
akan membuat saya lebih kiat dan lebih sukses kedepanya sepanjang waktu, jadi
mengapa tidak berbahagia karenanya”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/feeds/4543240521036314678/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/2015/11/happyness.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4027905528997309521/posts/default/4543240521036314678'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4027905528997309521/posts/default/4543240521036314678'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/2015/11/happyness.html' title='HAPPYNESS'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02144788836439499655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4027905528997309521.post-8428178252444521593</id><published>2015-11-27T07:05:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2015-11-27T07:05:49.036-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Piece Of Writing"/><title type='text'>Warna Warni Ujian Dalam Hidup</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;
  &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;
  &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;
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  &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;
  &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #d9d9d9; font-size: 48.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;Wa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-size: 48.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #eeece1; font-size: 48.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;na&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 48.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 108.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;w&lt;span style=&quot;color: #eeece1;&quot;&gt;ar&lt;/span&gt;ni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #c0504d; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;ujian&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #c0504d; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;Copyright@Aa
Djamaludin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;Writter:
Asep Aryadi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;kabayan,
sosok legendaries dari tanah sunda, selalu tertawa bila akan melewati jalan
tanjakan. Sebaliknya, ia pasti menangis bila jalan yang akan dilaluinya sebuah
turunan. Kenapa demikian? Bagi kabayan bila melewati tanjakan, sesudahnya pasti
jalanya menurun, makanya ia tertawa. Sebaliknya, ia menangis jika melewati
jalan menurun sebab, sesudah itu pasti jalanya menanjak.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;K&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;Abayan
memang eksentrik. Makanya ia legendaries dan sosoknya dari mulut. Cara kabayan
memaknai rintangan atau ujian hidup juga unik. Manusia kebanyakan rata – rata
mengeluh atau sejenak menarik nafas jika melewati jalan menanjak. Trerbayang
harus memforsir tenaga dan keringast lebih dari itu biasanya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Namun
bila difahami secara Holistik(utuh), Kabayan benar, Apalagi jika &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;tanjakan&lt;/i&gt; itu kita kaitkan dalam konteks
prestasi, karier dan lain sebagainya. Kita pasti akan menyikapinya dengan
senyum atau tawa puas bila sanggup melampauinya. Sebaliknya akan menangis jika
prestasi, karier dan kualitas diri kita menurun.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Sikap
Kabayan hamper sama dengan sahabat saya, ia bilang sangat khawatir bila
segalanya berjalan baik, teratur, dan stabil ‘Kalau begini terus saya aka
jumud, mandul dan terlalu menikmati proses. Saya kangen ujian, cobaan atau apa
pun yang membuat suasana tidak stabil dan normal se[perti biasanya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;Memang setiap kali menghadapi
ujian, ritme hidup menjadi tidak karuan, amburadul dan sebagainya. Tapi saya
merasa&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;tertngtang untuk lebih bersikap
sabar, lebih beribadah, lebih berdoa. Pokoknya kualitas hidup saya menjadi
serba lebih. Otak lebih berfikir. Jantung lebih berdebar. Kaki semangat lebih
cepat melangkah, bergerak dan merancang strategi serta mencari solusi.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Adakalanya&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;setiap kali menghadapi ujian, semestinya kita merasa tertantang untuk
lebih bersikap sabar, lebih beribadah, lebih berdoa dan lebih lainya.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;Baginya hidup itu bukan sekedar
lahir,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;makan, sekolah, besar, bekerja
menikah, punya anak atau meninggal. Ada sesuatu yang lebih berharga di balik
semua itu, ia menamakan proses.&lt;/span&gt; Proses sebelum, sedang dan sesudah
lahirnya kita. Begitu juga proses dari a sampai Z setiap babak kehidupqan yang
kita lalui. Menurutnya, &lt;span style=&quot;background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;ujian
merupakan bagian dari proses untuk menguji tingkat kemampuan dan keimanan.
Senada dngan firman allah dalam Qs. Al-ankabut/2-3:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;“Apakah manusia mengira bahwa
mereka dibiarkan (saja) mengatakan: Kami telah beriman, sedang mereka tidak
diuji lagi? Dan sesungguhnya Kami telah menguji orang-orang sebelum mereka,
maka Sesungguhnya Allah mengetahui orang-orang yang benar dan sesungguhnya Dia
mengetahui orang-orang yang dusta.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Betolak
dari ayat tersebut, &lt;span style=&quot;background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;ujian
adalah sebuah prosesuntuk mengetahui tingkat keimanan dan membiktikan realisasi
dari keimanan itu.&lt;/span&gt; Mukmin sejati bersyukur ketika mendapat anugrah dari
Tuhan dan bersabar bila sedang diuji-Nya. Kalau tidak demikian, pantaskah kita
disebut mukmin?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;Bagi manusia sebagai makhluk
dinamis, ujian juga dapat di kategorikan sebagia bumbu penyedap hidup. Sehingga
hidup terasa lebih berwarna, lebi berwarna, tidak monoton dan hambar. Maka dari
itu siapa pun makhluk yang merasa masuk dalam kategori manusia tak akan lolos
dari cengkraman “kuku” ujian.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;“Anak-anak jalanan diuji dengan kehidupan jalananya.
Ulama diuji dengan keilmuanya. Penguasa diuji dengan kekuasanya. Orang pintar
diuji dengan kepintaranya. Si bodoh dengan kebodhanya. Orang sibuk diuji dengan
kesibukanya. Orang santai diuji dengan kesantaianya. Orang kaya diuji dengan
kekayaanya. Si miskin diuji dengan kemelaratanya. Atau sebaliknya Orang kaya
diuji dengan kemelaratan. Orang miskin diuji dengan kekayaan dan lain
sebagainya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;Begitulah warna-warni ujian,
hadir dan mendatangi kita sesuai dengan kapasitas dan kemampuan kita.
Sebagaimana termaktub dalam QS. Al- Baqarah/286&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;:”Allah tidak akan membebani seseorang melainkan sesuai dengan
kesanggupanya,”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Adalah
benar bahwa Allah tak semata-mata menguji seseorang melainkan sesuai dengan
kemampuanya. Tapi mengapa kadang kala kitas merasa orang yang paling berat
ujianya? Serta melihat ujian yang mendera orang lain sangat kecil disbanding
ujian yang kita alami? Kalu sudah begini kita akansangat jauh dari bersyukur.
Perasaaan seperti ini jika dipelihara akan menjadi “bola salju” yang pada
giliranya, secara sadar atau tidak akan makin membesarkan rasa putus asa dan
ujungnya akan berpaling dari rahmat-Nya. Semoga kita dijaga dari sifat seperti
ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dalam
menghaadapi ujian adakalanya kita takut. Bahkan sebellum ujian datan, kadang
kita sudah berfikir tak akan mampu menghadapi apalagi menakluykannya. Orang
kaya, umpamanya, banyak orang kaya diuji akan kemelaratan. Sehingga menerapkan
berbagai strategi, konspirasi dan menghalalkan segala cara untuk melanggengkan
kekayaanya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Ada
pula orang miskin yang menggunakan berbagai cara; menggunting dlam lipatan,
menohok dari belakang atau menumbalkan oran lain hanya untuk memburu kekayaan
yang tidak akan menyertia ketika mati. Kenapa harus demikian? &lt;span style=&quot;background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;Kenapa kita bersikap seolah-olah
kenyamanan dan kemewahan merupakan tujuan utama hidu, padahal yang kita
perlukan untuk berbahaigia sebenarnya ialah hal-hal yang membangkitkan semangat
kita&lt;/span&gt;, demikian analisa Charles Kingsley dalam &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Kata Bijak Hari Ini.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;background: yellow; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;Di sisi lain ujian merupakan bagian dari proses
untuk memanusiakan manusia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;. &lt;span style=&quot;background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;Ujian adalah cara Dia memahat, membentuk kepribvadian
kita menjadi sososk atauy gambaran yang kita inginkan. Hanya saja kita harus
bersabar&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span style=&quot;background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;Ketika
diuji cermatilah batu di tangan pematung. Sekalipun tubuhnya digores, diukir
dan dipahat dengan benda-benda tajam batu etap sabar menerima segala perlakuan
keras dari pematung. Batu tak pernah berontak, memprotes, mengutuk atau mendemo
pematung. Karena batu sadar pematung lebih mengetahui akan jadi apa dia
nantinya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;background: yellow; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;Begitu pula pematung sebagaimana pun kerasnya batu
ia tak pernah protes dan bersabar karena bila ia sampai dititik itu berarti ia
memiliki kekuatan tanpa batas. Artinya orang yang sabar berarti memiliki
kekuatan tanpa batas makanya sangat jarang orang sanggup untuk bersabar.
Lihatlah hasil dari kombinasi sempurna antara kesabaran, ketekukan, kecermatan,
ketelitian dari batu dan pematung, batu yang biasanya hanya berdiam di kali dan
keberadaaqnya hanya dianggap sambil lalu, bisa berada di pameran-pameran yang
keindahanyasanggup menyihir orang untuk melihat, mengaggumi, atua bahkan
mengoleksinya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;Demikian
pula belasan abad yang lampau kombinasi sempurna antara kesabaran, ketekunan,
kecermatan, ketelitian dari batu dan pematung sanggup menghasilkan arca-arca
dan relief- relief candi Borobudur yang masuk dalam salah satu kategoro
keajaiban dunia. Di dantan pematung yang sabar, tekun, teliti, dan cermat,
bebatuan menjelma menjadi arca yang sanggup menyihir dunia sepanjang masa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;background: yellow; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;Sebaliknya jika ada batu yang dipahat pematung
tapi tak sampai menyihir dunia, maka jangan salahkan san batu. Mungkin pematung
kurang sabar, kurang cermat, kurang teliti, kurang terampil dan lain
sebagainya. Sehingga kualitas patung yang dikerjakan terkesan biasa saja&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;.
&lt;span style=&quot;background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;Demikian pula dengan
menusai yang diuji, jika kurang sabar dan tidak terampil ,mengambil hikmah,
maka ketika ujian usai, tak ada yang bertambah dengan kualitas dirinya. Bahkan
ketika diuji tak jarang ada orang yang putus asa dan berpaling dari rahmat
Allah&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span style=&quot;background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;Demianlah
orang yang lemah imanya, Semoga kita dijauhkan dari sifat seperti ini. Amien.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;Berbeda
dengan orang-orang besar uang menghiasi panggung sejarah. Ketika diuji mereka
bersabar, mereka yakin Allah SWT sedang memahat mereka, tidak pernah mereka
mengeluh atau protes, bahkan mengambil hikmahnya. Karena, mereka sadar Allah
SWT lebih mengetahi akan jadi apa mereka nantinya, Kesabaran dan keterampilan
mereka dalam memetik hikmahlah yang memahat mereka menjadi besar. &lt;span style=&quot;background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt;Bagi orang besar, makin diuji
kualitas diri mereka makin bertambah dan makin bertambah besarlah mereka.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;Nabi Yusuf,
umpamanya, dijauhi dan dibenci saudara-saudaranya, kemudian di lemparkan
menurut suatu riwayat selama delapan belas tahun di dalam sumur. Kesabaran dan
keterampilan Yusuf muda memetik segala hikmahlah yang pada giliranya
mengatntarkan menjadiseorang nabi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;Pernahkah
kita membayangkan terpasung dalam sebuah sumur, tanpa seorang pun menemani,
tanpa sedikit pun bayangkan&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;hari esok
yang jelas? Tanpa tahu sekarang atau esok makan apa? Sebuah kesendirian dan
kesunyian sempurna tanpa apa atau siapa pun selama delapan belas tahun.
Pernahkah kita dibenturkan dengan ujian seperti itu?O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;![endif]--&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/feeds/8428178252444521593/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/2015/11/warna-warni-ujian-dalam-hidup.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4027905528997309521/posts/default/8428178252444521593'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4027905528997309521/posts/default/8428178252444521593'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://arieitayes.blogspot.com/2015/11/warna-warni-ujian-dalam-hidup.html' title='Warna Warni Ujian Dalam Hidup'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02144788836439499655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4027905528997309521.post-9172172029441335386</id><published>2015-11-27T06:55:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2015-11-27T06:55:41.857-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Tips"/><title type='text'>Tips Menulis Surat -  “Cara Membuat surat Lamaran Kerja “ yang baik dan benar.</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
apakah anda sedang ingin melamar pekerjaan? Kalau iya, tentunya anda harus
mempersiapkan segala sesuatunya. Termasuk &lt;i&gt;menulis surat lamaran kerja&lt;/i&gt;
yang nantinya bakal anda ajukan ke perusahaan yang anda inginkan untuk
mendapatkan pekerjaan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Tentunya dalam
penulisan surat ada beberapa kriteria dan langkah sebelum penulisan surat itu
sendiri, diantaranya sebagai berikut :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Surat yang efektif&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Surat atau email tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai duta bagi si pengirim, namun
harus mampu menarik perhatian si penerima dengan efektif. Jika surat ditulis
secara efektif, kemungkinan untuk mendapatkan balasan yang cukup baik akan semakin
besar. Ingat, begitu anda menerima panggilan untuk tes atau interview, berarti
anda telah meraih sukses dalam point ini.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Perhatikan komposisi surat&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Surat lamaran yang baik tentunya memiliki isi yang berkesinambungan. Bila anda
mencantumkan posisi yang anda kehendaki, tunjukkan jati diri anda. Jangan
sampai perekrut menilai anda plin-plan setelah membaca surat lamaran anda.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Batasi isi surat anda&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bayangkan bahwa penerima surat anda adalah orang yang sibuk. Selain ia harus
menyortir lamaran yang masuk, ia harus mengambil keputusan dengan cepat siapa
yang qualified, siapa yang tidak. Buatlah surat lamaran yang ringkas dan padat
tapi tepat sasaran.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. Bahasa surat&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ingatlah bahwa anda bukan tengah menulis surat cinta, tetapi surat lamaran
kerja yang akan menentukan masa depan anda. Gunakanlah bahasa yang benar, sopan
dan mudah diingat. Penting untuk dicatat, bahasa mencerminkan kepribadian anda.
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Posisi yang sesuai untuk anda&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sebaiknya anda jangan membuang-buang waktu untuk melamar posisi yang tidak
sesuai dengan minat, bakat dan kemampuan anda. Fokuskan waktu dan energi anda
untuk posisi yang mendekati kualifikasi anda. Dengan demikian anda telah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;�&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;bekerjasama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;�&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; dengan perekrut dalam penentuan karir anda.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6. Lakukan pengulangan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sempurnakan surat lamaran anda berdasarkan pengalaman, misalnya mengedit
beberapa bagian setelah anda diundang untuk tes atau interview. Setiap kali
anda selesai mengikuti kegiatan seperti Training atau Seminar, anda bisa
tambahkan sebagai referensi untuk mendukung kualifikasi anda.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7. Anda punya &quot;network&quot; ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sebutkan saja. Bila anda mengenal dengan baik pihak-pihak yang bidangnya
relevan dengan posisi yang sedang anda lamar, tidak ada ada salahnya anda
jadikan sebagai referensi. Biasanya perusahaan-perusahaan tertentu akan
melakukan cross-check dan tentunya referensi anda akan memiliki nilai
tersendiri. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
8. Evaluasi&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tiap kali anda mengirimkan surat lamaran, tidak ada salahnya jika anda membuat
salinan atau copy nya. Berikan catatan jika ternyata anda dipanggil, tes apa
yang diberikan dan bagaimana dengan interviewnya. Evaluasi kelebihannya, untuk
anda tingkatkan, dan pelajari kekurangannya untuk anda perbaiki.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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