See for yourself how our low petrol prices compare using our new app

See for yourself how our low petrol prices compare using our new app

See for yourself how our low petrol prices compare using our new app

See for yourself how our low petrol prices compare using our new app

See for yourself how our low petrol prices compare using our new app

See for yourself how our low petrol prices compare using our new app

While car insurance and car breakdown cover can be bought separately, with motoring costs continuing to spiral there are a number of benefits to investing in a car insurance policy that includes breakdown cover as standard.

Cost-effective

With the average cost of maintaining a car now totalling as much as £6,000 a year¹ motorists across the UK will be keen to ensure that they can make savings where they can.

In fact, recent research revealed that the cost of running a car is the biggest concern for almost half of motorists (48%)², a concern that could partially be offset by getting the best possible deal on their car insurance and breakdown cover.

Securing a car insurance policy that also includes breakdown cover will mean that drivers only have to factor a single monthly or annual payment into their motoring budget, and may even make savings when compared to the cost of buying these policies individually. Asda's Defaqto 5 Star rated car insurance comes with breakdown and recovery inclusive, saving motorists as much as £62 a year³.

Peace of mind

While some drivers may not feel the need to purchase breakdown cover until winter approaches, or after they have been hit with hefty repair costs, putting breakdown cover in place at the earliest opportunity will pay dividends in the long run.

Having breakdown cover included as part of your car insurance policy offers you the peace of mind that you will be able to get back on the road should your car suffer a breakdown while you are out and about.

Combining both policies in one will also mean that you are covered for a greater number of scenarios that you may face when behind the wheel. The car insurance element of your policy will generally cover claims relating to accidents and instances such as the theft of your vehicle,  while your breakdown cover policy will cover call outs, recovery and repair for instances where your car has come to a stop as a result of a fault with your vehicle.

Simplifying the process of buying your policies

Instead of searching for two policies and having to complete two policy applications, securing a car insurance policy that also includes breakdown cover will help to streamline the process, meaning that you will only have to fill out your details once and make a single payment to enjoy the benefits of both policies.

A single policy document will also mean that you have one reference point to turn to when examining the features and terms and conditions that are attached to your combined car insurance and breakdown cover policy.

This will also prove helpful when making a claim, saving you the inconvenience of rifling through a number of policy documents to get to the information you need.

Added extras

Car insurance policies and breakdown cover policies will include a number of individual benefits, though some such as a courtesy car may feature in both. Combining both policies in one will mean that you effectively have access to a range of added extras, which you wouldn’t have benefitted from had you bought either policy in isolation.

This could include anything from a relief driver on your breakdown policy to legal expenses to a pre-specified limit on your car insurance policy.

Covering a range of vehicle types

While car insurance cover will only offer drivers protection for standard cars, the breakdown element of cover may extend to meeting the costs of repairs and more for a range of vehicles. As an example Asda Money Breakdown Cover also covers vans, motorhomes and motorbikes, caravans or trailers.

However, it is important to note that car insurance and breakdown policies ultimately offer different benefits, so van, motorbike and motorhome and caravan drivers will need to take out these policies individually to take advantage of the full range of benefits on offer from each policy.

Sources/Notes

1. http://www.theguardian.com/money/2012/jul/25/majority-car-owners-struggling-costs

2.http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/Cost-drivers-biggest-worry/story-20419754-detail/story.html

3.based on the cost of breakdown as an optional policy add on.

These can quickly add up and can require careful money management to ensure that the running costs of your vehicle don’t place too many pressures on your budget.

From taxes and tolls to maintenance and repairs, all will require an outlay and all can put a serious dent in your finances.

It is a legal necessity to have van insurance to drive on British roads and this is another cost that must be taken into consideration.

Taxes

Following the introduction of European Union legislation in 2001, the tax bands for vans are now calculated depending on their emissions.

When compared to car taxes, which can be as low as £20, taxing your van is a much larger outlay but it corresponds to the additional levels of space that you get with a light-goods vehicle.

There are three variable tax costs for vans¹, and how much you will need to pay will depend on certain criteria and categories.

Vehicles registered on or after 1 March 2001 will cost £255 annually whiles vans that fall into either the Euro 4 or Euro 5 lower emission groups will cost £140.

The same price will also apply for vehicles registered before 1 March 2001 that have an engine capacity of 1549cc or under.

Meanwhile vans registered before that date with a larger capacity will cost £220 annually to tax.

Checking for Euro 4/5 classification can be done via the vehicle’s log book with category 4 vehicles manufactured from January 2006 and category 5 from September 2010.

Other taxes might also apply if the van is used for business such as vehicle benefit tax and fuel benefit tax, both of which can add additional costs to the running of the vehicle.

Tolls

Toll roads cost a considerable sum in a car and often, vans will fall into the same price categories as a coach or bus.

The Severn Bridge toll for a small bus up to 17 seats is twice that of a car² while it is a similar situation on the M6 toll route³ (£5.50 against £11 for non-tag customers Mon-Fri), although prices vary depending on where vehicles join the road, as well as the time and day.

However, other toll routes can carry similar pricing to those of cars or are not as high as those seen above – so it’s worth checking in advance to determine the cost on toll routes before using them.

In London, the congestion charge is the same for a van as it is for a car and again it is recommended that process are checked prior to travel to avoid any unnecessary outlay.

Maintenance costs

Firstly, the cost of an MOT for a van is no more than it is for a car, although if a van is in constant use then the costs of maintenance will increase a lot faster.

Vans that constantly tackle an urban environment rather than open roads such as motorways may be more likely to experience troubles, although it will often depend on individual vans.

Reacting to the warnings signs of potential faults, such as unusual noises from your engine, as early as possible is important as it could lessen the likelihood of incurring hefty maintenance fees.

Small issues can be easily fixed early on and this is recommended as something as simple as a broken bulb could fuse a circuit and cause much greater outlay in the long-run.

Size is important

Larger vans will cost more – it really is as simple as that.

Things like van insurance will increase by size while fuel is also a massive factor if your van happens to be off the larger variety.

With additional storage size comes an increase in fuel consumption, despite the new technologies that are found in many vehicles.

The introduction of a sixth gear has gone some way of improving matters but consumption costs for vans will be considerably higher than those for a car.

According to the government’s van and fuel consumption database⁴ there is massive variation in the fuel consumption of vehicles within individual classes.

Vans are listed into small, medium and large classes and the miles per gallon ratios vary by make and size so comparing vehicles is recommended if saving costs is a priority.

For the MPG (or miles per gallon) for small van vary from 34.4mpg to a more fuel efficient 85.6mpg.

Additional ways to save money

Knowing where to park also cuts costs as it cuts out having to drive around searching for a car park while driving slightly slower can also impact upon both bills and the levels of maintenance that will be required.

Immobilising the van when parking is also recommended as insurance companies will take note of any additional safety and security precautions.

At the same time, considering an outlay for an advanced driving course can save money in the long term by reducing insurance costs.

These aspects can all help to lower the running costs of a van, leaving more room in your budget for other essential costs.

Read more about ASDA Money Van Insurance:

ASDA van insurance: a guide to the extras we included as standard

Sources:

1. https://www.gov.uk/vehicle-tax-rate-tables
2.  http://www.severnbridge.co.uk/toll_prices.shtml
3. http://www.m6toll.co.uk/pricing/pricing-guide/
4. http://vanfueldata.dft.gov.uk/

Walk or cycle

Prohibitions

How do aggregators work?

What are the benefits?

What are the drawbacks?

The basic levels of cover

Driving abroad

Additional drivers and other cars

Breakdown cover

No claims protection

Specialist insurance

Investing in winter tyres

Snow chains

Adequate insurance

Value Car Insurance

What’s covered?

ASDA European Breakdown Cover

What you get for your money

The perks

What do Defaqto star ratings mean?

How are Defaqto star ratings calculated?

What can ASDA offer?

The benefits of Defaqto 5 Star Rating superior cover

Choose a sensible car

Take a Pass Plus course

Higher excess

Reduce mileage

Keep the car in a garage

Add a named driver

Reduce level of cover

Wind screen wipers

Adjustable and folding seats

Infotainment systems

What level of insurance do I need?

There are three basic levels of car insurance. Third party insurance covers you for liabilities if you accidentally injure someone else, damage their car or other property. It does not cover damage caused to your own car. If you are involved in an accident that is someone else's fault, you recover the costs through the other person's insurance.

Third party, fire and theft offers all the same protection as third party only insurance, but it also covers you if your car is set on fire, vandalised or stolen. Fully comprehensive insurance also covers your car and property and costs arising from an injury to yourself, even if they were caused by an accident that was your fault.

A minimum of third party insurance is a legal requirement in the UK. You need insurance to drive or even to leave a car parked on any road or public space. If you are not using the car and it is being kept in a private space, you must make a Statutory Off Road Notification (SORN).

It's worth noting that third party insurance is not always cheaper than comprehensive. It certainly can be but it's always worth checking the differences between the different types of insurance rather than assuming third party will be cheaper.

How can I save on my insurance premiums?

If you want to save money on car insurance for young drivers, there are a number of things you can do. These include:

Choose your car carefully 

Different makes and models of cars are assigned a car insurance group by the industry's Group Rating Panel. More valuable, high performance cars that are expensive to repair will tend to be in a more expensive group than cheaper, lower spec cars that have cheaper parts and repair labour costs. Security features that are fitted as standard will also have a bearing. Before buying a car, check which group it falls into, or compare the costs of insuring it to other makes and models within your price range.

Keep your car secure

It might not always be possible but keeping your car in a secure location such as a locked garage can help lower your premiums. Fitting extra security such as good quality immobilisers and alarms from recognised providers can also help, as well as reducing the chances that your car will actually be stolen.

Don't modify your car

Any modifications made to a car will tend to raise the cost of insurance premiums. Additions such as expensive alloy wheels (which can be very tempting to thieves) can also push premiums up.

Choose a higher excess

An excess is the amount you have to contribute towards the cost of any individual claim you make. If, for example, you had an excess of £400 and you were involved in an accident that required £1000 worth of repairs, you would have to pay the first £400. Your insurer would pay the other £600. 

Most car insurance for young drivers includes a compulsory excess, which is the minimum excess you can have with that policy. You can often opt to pay a higher voluntary excess however. This does mean that any claim you have to make will cost you more but it will also usually reduce your regular premiums.

Build up a no claims discount 

Most insurers offer a no claims discount, which gives you a discount on your premiums based on how many years you have driven without making a claim. This doesn't help you the first time you buy insurance of course, but the savings can start adding up when it comes time to renew your cover.

If you are involved in an accident or your car is otherwise damaged, you might have to think carefully about whether you want to make a claim. Doing so could affect any no claims discount you have and raise your premiums when it comes time to renew.

Take extra qualifications

 After you have passed your test, you might wish to consider taking extra qualifications such as the Pass Plus scheme, which is administered by the Driving Standard Agency. Some insurers will offer a discount to drivers who pass the course. The scheme is also designed to improve your driving skills in areas such as driving at night and in hazardous conditions. This can help keep you safe and bring benefits beyond considerations of reduced insurance costs. 

What is 'black box' insurance? 

It might seem unfair but insurance premiums are based on risk and, taken as a whole, younger drivers are statistically more likely to be involved in an accident than older drivers. Telematics, or 'black box' insurance, offers a way for younger drivers with good driving skills and habits to have their insurance premiums tailored to them as individuals.

A device, which is often in the shape of a small black box, is fitted to your car. Using GPS technology, the device monitors aspects of your driving such as your speed, mileage and even how well you brake and corner. Young drivers who have a black box fitted and drive in a safe and sensible manner can reap the benefits in the shape of reduced premiums.

Breakdown cover

There are various types of breakdown  cover available. Some may be purchased directly from breakdown service  providers while some car insurance policies also include various levels of  breakdown coverage. The levels of cover provided and the situations in which it  can be used depend on the individual policy.

Many breakdown service providers  offer an 'automatic' service. Typically, the customer pays an annual fee and  calls for assistance when and if it is needed. The service can be used at any  time and the costs are already covered by the annual fee, but there is often a  limit as to how many callouts can be made within the space of a year.

Some companies may use local garages  and recovery services. The driver may have to pay for the call out and any  recovery upfront and then claim the costs back.

Breakdown cover is often  split into two broad types. Vehicle cover allows you to call for assistance if  a specified car breaks down, regardless of who was driving at the time.  Personal cover provides coverage for a named individual. This may apply whether  the customer is a passenger or is legally driving someone else's car when the  breakdown occurs. Customers may sometimes be able to specify more than one car  for vehicle cover and other members of their household for personal cover.

Levels of cover available

There are also different levels of  cover available. These can include... 

• Roadside  assistance

This is generally the most basic  level of coverage available. If possible, your car will be repaired at the  roadside. If not, it may be towed to the nearest suitable garage for repairs  but there may be a limit to the distance it can be towed without additional  costs. This type of cover will often not include a recovery service that will  get your car home or to a garage that is nearer to your home than it is to the  spot at which you broke down. 

• National  assistance

National assistance provides all the  same coverage as roadside assistance. If the breakdown company is not able to  be repair your car at the roadside or locally within a given time-frame,  however, they will typically take the driver, their vehicle and a set number of  passengers home or to another specified address within the UK. 

• Onward travel

Onward travel is typically the  highest level of cover available. As well as recovering a broken down vehicle  and delivering it to a specified garage or other address, the cover providers  may also provide a replacement car, alternative travel such as rail fares and  sometimes even overnight accommodation.

Some roadside assistance schemes  will only provide vehicle recovery in the event of a breakdown. Others may also  provide a recovery service following an accident.

Breaking down on the motorway

If you are having mechanical  difficulties while driving on a motorway you should attempt to reach the next  junction and exit the motorway if possible. If leaving the motorway is not  possible, the Highways Agency says you should... 

• Pull onto the  hard shoulder as far to the left as possible. 

• Switch on your  hazard warning lights. 

• Exit the car from  the left hand door. Make sure all passengers do the same. 

• Leave animals in  the car or ensure they are properly controlled on the verge. 

• Contact the  Highways Agency and wait for help to arrive, staying well away from the hard  shoulder and carriageway. Do not re-enter the car.

Even if you have breakdown  assistance and your own mobile phone, The Highways Agency advises that you  contact them directly using an emergency telephone located on the hard  shoulder. These are free to use and will go straight through to a trained  operator who will be able to gauge the safety of your vehicle. They will also  be able to contact an emergency police patrol, as well as your breakdown  assistance provider.

They are spaced at regular intervals  and the direction of the nearest one will be indicated by arrows on posts at  the back of the hard shoulder. You should never cross the carriageway to get to  an emergency telephone.

There are also driver location signs  that will help you pinpoint your location on a motorway or A road. These are  usually situated at 500 metre intervals and display the road name (such as M25  or A6), the direction of travel (represented by an 'A' or a 'B') and the  distance in kilometres from the start of the motorway.

Breaking down on other roads

If you break down on another road  you should get your car off the road if possible. Switch on your hazard warning  lights, especially if you are causing an obstruction.

If you fear your car may be struck  by other vehicles, leave the car with any passengers and get well away from the  traffic before calling for assistance. If you have a warning triangle, place  this at least 45 metres behind your car on the same side of the road but only  if it is safe to do so.

What is a 4x4 vehicle?

A  4x4 vehicle is also sometimes known as a four-wheel drive (or 4WD) vehicle. It  is a four-wheeled vehicle that allows all four wheels to receive torque from  the engine simultaneously. This can give the vehicle better traction and  manoeuvrability than a front-wheel drive or rear-wheel drive vehicle,  especially in difficult conditions.

Legal insurance requirements

Third  party insurance is the minimum legal amount of cover you need to be able to  drive a car or 4x4 vehicle on roads and public areas within the UK. Even if you  do not intend to drive a 4x4 vehicle, it must have a minimum of third party  insurance or be declared as 'off the road' with a Statutory Off Road  Notification (SORN) issued by the DVLA. A vehicle with a SORN cannot be kept or  parked on any public road.

Third  party insurance covers any liability you may have for injuring another person  while driving, including your own passengers. It also covers damage to other  people's property caused by an accident for which you were at fault. It does  not cover against fire, theft or for injury to yourself or damage to your  vehicle and property in the event of an accident. If you have third party  insurance and you are injured or your vehicle is damaged in an accident that  was not your fault, you must pursue your claim through the other party's  insurer.

Other types of insurance

Third  party, fire and theft insurance offers the same protection as third party-only  insurance, but it may also pay out if your car is stolen or set on fire.  Comprehensive car insurance (also known as fully comprehensive or all risk insurance) will also cover you  against injury or damage caused to yourself or your vehicle and property, even  if the accident was your fault. Depending on your policy, there may be other  benefits such as breakdown cover.

Some  insurers may insist on comprehensive cover for 4x4 vehicles.

Is 4x4 insurance more expensive?

The  unfortunate answer for 4x4 owners is yes, insuring a 4x4 vehicle does tend to  be more expensive than buying a comparative level of cover for a 'regular' car.  When calculating insurance premium costs, providers will take a number of  factors into account. These can include things like the age and occupation of  the driver, previous claims history and any motoring convictions. The type of  vehicle also plays a large part, however, and 4x4 vehicles tend to be at the  more expensive end of that scale.

Some  of the reasons for this may include... 

• A higher risk of theft

Some  vehicles are simply more appealing to thieves. 4X4 vehicles, unfortunately,  will often fall into this category. Any vehicle that is likely to be a target  for thieves is also likely to have higher insurance costs. 

• They often do more damage

Because  of their size, power and build quality, 4x4 vehicles will often cause a lot of  damage to other vehicles and/or property if they are involved in an accident. 

• They can be more expensive to repair

A  4x4 vehicle may be likely to come off better in a collision with another  vehicle, but this is offset by the fact that parts and repairs can be more  costly.

How to save money on 4x4 insurance

As  with any motor insurance, it can often pay to shop around. Fitting alarms and  anti-theft devices can help to drive your premium down, as can keeping the  vehicle in a secure location.

Some  specialist 4x4 insurers may offer reduced premiums, taking into account the  fact that 4x4 vehicles tend to have better handling even on regular roads. This  can be especially apparent in snow or other poor weather conditions. Some  insurers may offer a reduced premium if a 4x4 vehicle clocks up fewer miles  over the course of a year.

Many  insurance policies also feature excesses. These are the amounts you must pay  towards the cost of any claim you make. By raising the voluntary excess you can  often reduce your annual premium, but you will have to stand more of the cost  if you do have to make a claim.

Many  insurance providers also offer no claims discounts. A no claims discount is a  discount applied to your insurance premium based on your recent claims history.  In general, the size of this discount will grow the more years you go without  making a claim, up to a maximum amount. No claims discounts are often available  for 4x4 vehicle insurance.

Off-road insurance

4x4  vehicles can be perfect for driving off the beaten track. Many are only driven  on roads however, and a standard insurance policy for a 4x4 vehicle may only  cover regular road usage. If you intend to go ‘off-roading’ or ‘greenlaning’  (driving along unsurfaced tracks including forest tracks) and you want to be  covered, it may be advisable to contact your insurer to ensure you are  protected against any mishaps.

Modern cars are built with security in mind which  means they're much harder to break into or steal than they were twenty years  ago. However, there are still many measures you can take to improve the  security of your car and enjoy the benefits of reduced insurance premiums.

How to increase your car security

Wherever you park, always make sure that you  close all your windows properly and lock your car, even if you will only be  gone for a minute. An opportunist thief can break into your car in a matter of  seconds if it's not secured so make sure it isn't your car they target.

Most new cars come with industry approved car  alarms fitted but cars at the cheaper end of the spectrum may only have a basic  alarm system. Although these are effective on the whole, in some cases  factories fit cloned alarms which require the same method to override, so once  a thief has worked out how to disable one alarm, he will be able to do the same  to any car which uses that alarm system.

You can choose to replace the alarm system your  car comes with for something more complex as the more time consuming it is for  a thief to break into your vehicle the less likely they will be to attempt it.

Some alarm systems come with extra features such  as sending you a text alert if your alarm goes off and you can also fit your  car with a tracking device so that if it is stolen it can be easily located.

You can also increase your car security by making  sure your car is parked in a locked garage overnight or off the road in a driveway.

When choosing insurance, always make sure you  inform your insurer of any security features you have added and let them know  if your car will be securely parked at night so any added security can be taken  into account when your policy is calculated.

Once you have made sure your car is as secure as  possible there are lots of other things you can do to reduce your insurance  premiums further.

Getting cheaper car  insurance

When choosing insurance it's important to note  that the type of car you drive will have a large bearing on the price you pay  to insure it. Cars are grouped into fifty different categories ranging from  those with smaller engines, lower fuel consumption and less expensive parts, to  cars that are faster, more expensive and that use more fuel.

If you want to minimise the amount you pay for  insurance then choose your car carefully and opt for a vehicle at the cheaper  end of the spectrum.

Limiting your mileage will also help to cut the  price you pay for insurance and this is often a good option for older people or  those who don't need to use their cars on a daily basis. If you drive less,  then you're statistically less likely to have an accident or cause wear and  tear to your vehicle. This may lead to less claims and in turn present a lower  cost for insurance companies.

If you want to try limiting your mileage you can  opt to use public transport or start up a car sharing scheme with colleagues.  Bear in mind that if you have stated you will only drive a certain number of  miles each year and if you exceed this you could make your insurance policy  void.

It's also possible to increase the excess on your  policy to reduce your monthly premiums. All insurers will require you to pay a  certain amount towards any claims you can make but if you can afford to pay  more than the usual excess you can make significant savings. However, you  should only choose this option if you know you will have the funds available to  pay the extra money.

One of the most effective ways to lower your  premiums is to build up your no claims bonus. In fact, if you don't make a  claim for five years you can halve the cost of your premiums so it's always a  good idea to pay for minor repairs yourself rather than claiming for them. If  you keep your car well maintained and deal with problems as they arise they're  less likely to grow into a more significant issue that you'll need to claim  for.

Should I buy car insurance online?

Although it can be tempting to simply renew your  insurance policy each year without looking at other deals, if you check price  comparison sites online it's easy to see several different quotes at once so  you can gain a good understanding of the different car insurance options  available to you.

In many cases you will also receive a discount if  you buy your insurance over the internet because it's much cheaper for  companies to process an online purchase than a postal transaction.

You may also be offered further discounts if you  insure more than one vehicle with the same company, add named drivers to your  policy or take other forms of insurance with your car cover, such as life  insurance.

Whichever insurer you choose, always read the  small print of any policy so you know exactly what you are and are not covered  for and make sure you renew your policy or purchase a new one before your car  insurance runs out.

What are car insurance groups?

Every car built for the UK market is assigned to a group for insurance purposes. These groups are designed to give insurers an indication of the potential risks of insuring a particular car. They are purely advisory in nature, and insurers are not obliged to take them into account when setting premiums although in practice almost every UK insurer will do so.

There used to be 20 car insurance groups but the number was recently expanded to 50. In general, the lower the car insurance group, the cheaper it is to insure.

Some vehicles, such as kit cars, imports and conversions may not be covered by the insurance group rating scheme.

Who decides which group a car goes in?

Individual car models are allocated a group by the Group Rating Panel. This consists of various representatives of the insurance industry and includes members of the Association of British Insurers (ABI) and Lloyds Market Association (LMA).

They make their decisions based on research conducted by the Motor Insurance Repair Research Centre, also known as Thatcham. Thatcham is a not-for-profit organisation which runs the Insurance Group Rating system.

What factors do they take into account?

There are various factors that the Group Rating Panel will take into account when allocating a particular car to a car insurance group.

The price of a new car is one factor as the more expensive it is, the more it will cost an insurance company more to replace it. Most accidents do not result in write-offs, however. According to the ABI, the cost of repairs accounts for more than half of the money paid out in car insurance claims. The parts and labour costs involved in repairing a car will therefore be taken into account.

The performance of a particular part will also be considered. Fast, powerful cars with high acceleration may be more likely to be involved in costly accidents. The build of a car may also have an effect in different ways. A flimsier car may take more damage itself in the event of an accident, while a powerful, sturdy 4x4, for example, might have a tendency to cause more damage to other vehicles and property.

A high performance sports car will therefore tend to be in a higher group than a cheap family runaround. There are various websites online that allow you to check which car insurance group a specific make and model of car falls into.

The 'desirability' of a car to thieves can also be a factor, but this may be offset by the standard security features that come with the car.

What effect do security features have?

Security features such as an alarm and immobilisers, a visible Vehicle Identification Number (VIN), vehicle trackers and glass etchings can all help reduce the risk of theft. Where security features have been rated, the insurance group number (1-50) will be followed by a letter. The standards for security features get progressively tougher the higher the group, but very good or inadequate security features can result in a car being included in a higher or lower group than it otherwise would.

The security features indicators are...

(E) This exceeds the security requirements for a car of its type, resulting in the vehicle moving down a group. For example, a group 15 car which exceeds security requirements would be moved down to group 14 and would be denoted as 14E.

(A) This has acceptable security features for a car of its type. The group rating is unaffected.

(P) This stands for 'provisional' and indicates not enough data was available when the model was launched.

(D) This doesn't meet the required security standard for a car of its type, resulting in the vehicle being moved up a group. A group 15 car which doesn't meet security requirements would be moved up to group 16 and listed as 16D.

(U) This has unacceptable security features for a car of its type. The car may not be insurable at all without a security upgrade.

(G) The car is an import, a kit car or is otherwise not covered by the Insurance Group Ratings system and security assessment.

Are there ways to reduce my insurance premium?

Driving a car with a high insurance group rating can lead to higher premiums. Car insurance groups are not the only factors insurers take into account however, and there are various ways in which drivers can reduce their insurance costs. Keeping the car in a secure garage or driveway can be better than parking it in the street overnight. Security features can also be fitted above beyond those supplied with the car as standard.

Annual mileage might also have an effect on premiums. Reducing the amount of driving you do can result in paying less. Many insurers also offer no claims discounts, which reward customers who do not make claims with a reduction in their premiums.

Breaking down on the motorway

If you break  down on the motorway there are certain procedures you should follow. If your  car is still moving, it may be safer to exit the motorway if possible before  calling for assistance. If you break down while still on the motorway, the Highways  Agency says you should: 

• Pull onto the hard shoulder as far to the left as possible. 

• Switch on your hazard warning lights. 

• Exit the car from the left hand door. Make sure all passengers do  the same. 

• Leave animals in the car or ensure they are properly controlled on  the verge. 

• Contact the Highways Agency and wait for help to arrive, staying  well away from the hard shoulder and carriageway. Do not re-enter the car. 

Remember,  the hard shoulder is for emergencies only. It shouldn't be used for toilet  stops, to make a non-emergency call on a mobile phone, or to check a map or  directions. If you cannot get across to the hard shoulder, you should switch on  your hazard warning lights and leave your vehicle only when you can get clear  of the carriageway.

Breaking down on other roads

If you break  down on another road, it’s best to try and get your car off the road if  possible. Switch on your hazard warning lights, especially if you are causing  an obstruction.

If you fear  your car may be struck by other vehicles, leave the car and get well away from  the traffic before calling for assistance. If you have a warning triangle,  place this at least 45 metres behind your car on the same side of the road, but only if it is safe to do so.

Calling for assistance

If you break  down on the motorway, there are emergency telephones that connect directly to  the police or Highways Agency. These are free to use. The operative will be  able to take your details and pass them on to the relevant breakdown service.  If you do not have cover in place, they may also be able to suggest an  alternative, such as a breakdown cover service that will come out and  charge for assistance, or a local garage that may be able to tow your car and  fix it away from the motorway.

There are  posts at the back of the hard shoulder with arrows showing the direction of the  nearest emergency phone to your position. You should never cross the motorway  to use an emergency phone.

Even if you  have your own mobile phone, the Highways Agency suggests that you contact them  first using an emergency telephone. If you feel in danger, or have children or  other vulnerable passengers, it may be better to use your mobile phone. But you  should still get out and away from the vehicle first.

If you break  down on another type of road, a mobile phone might be the best way to call for  assistance. There are also smartphone apps available that may be able to help  pinpoint your location using GPS, as well as connecting to a breakdown service  provider.

Give as much information as possible

It will help  the breakdown service if you provide them with as many details as possible.  These can include your vehicle registration number and the make and colour of  your car. The location will also be important.

If calling  from an emergency phone on the motorway, the police or Highways Agency will be  able to ascertain your location from the phone you are calling from. If you are  using a mobile from the hard shoulder of a motorway or on an A-road, there may  be blue driver location signs that will help pinpoint your location. These are  usually situated at 500 metre intervals, and display the road name (such as M25  or A6), the direction of travel (represented by an 'A' or a 'B') and the  distance in kilometres from the start of the motorway.

On other  roads it may help if you can see a house number or an easily identifiable  landmark, such as a pub or other business. It may also help pinpoint your  location if you can see a junction with another road. If you have to walk to  find a phone, it may help to write down as many details as you can before you  set off. If you have breakdown assistance cover, it will also help to take your  card or membership details with you.

The person  who answers the phone will probably want to know as much information as possible about the problem to pass on to the mechanics. Even if you know  nothing about cars and have no idea what the fault is, describe the symptoms as  best as you can. They may also ask if you have children or feel vulnerable, and  may prioritise you if this is the case. You will generally be given an  estimated response time and be advised to wait in or near your vehicle. If you feel your vehicle may be causing a hazard to other road users you should also mention this fact.

Cleaning

Over the winter months, your car can accumulate salt and grit from treated roads, as well as the usual dirt and water splashes. A thorough cleaning when the weather improves can help prevent rust spots and corrosion.

Also, cleaning areas such as inside the wheel arches and removing built up oil and grime from accessible areas under the bonnet can help further protect your car. Lights, indicators, reflectors and number plates must also be kept clean and clear by law.

Windscreen and visibility

Glare from the sun can be a real problem in summer, and this can be exacerbated by a smeared or dirty windscreen. Poor visibility can make driving a pain but it can also increase the likelihood of being involved in an accident. Making sure the windscreen washer jets are fully working, correctly positioned and unobstructed can help clear your windscreens when dirt builds up. Specially formulated screen wash can be more effective than water at removing dirt.

Some people use a drop of washing up liquid in water but this is not generally recommended as it can clog the jets over time. Wiper blades that are worn or damaged can also create problems, whether you are cleaning the windscreen with the jets or driving through summer rain. Replacement wiper blades can usually be fitted relatively cheaply and easily.

Tyres

Tyre pressures should be checked regularly to ensure they match your car manufacturer's guidelines. Doing this before a journey, when the tyres are still cold, will give you a more accurate reading than doing it mid-journey when the tyres have heated. If a tyre loses pressure, even if it does so over the course of weeks rather than hours, it may indicate a slow puncture. If you are taking a summer trip with passengers and extra baggage, don't forget that different pressures may be recommended depending on how heavy a load you are carrying.

Tyre treads should also be checked at regular intervals. By law, car tyre treads in the UK must have a minimum depth of 1.6mm. This can give better traction on the road, especially in wet weather, when the treads disperse water away from the place where the tyre meets the surface of the road.

Engine coolant levels

Engine coolant can help prevent your car from overheating and may be especially important during the summer months. The coolant levels should be somewhere between the minimum and maximum marks on the tank and it's recommended that you check the level when the engine is cold. If the coolant level drops between services, it may indicate there is a problem with the head gasket or engine cooling system.

Cooling fan and overheating

The cooling fan should switch on automatically if the engine starts to overheat. The cooling fan can be checked by running the car with the heating set to cold, until the temperature gauge indicator levels out at around the mid-point. When it does so, park the car but leave the engine running. The cooling fan will normally activate after 5 minutes. If it doesn't, or the temperature gauge continues to move upwards, there may be a problem requiring the attention of a trained mechanic.

Batteries

Cold temperatures and damp conditions can put a lot of strain on the battery. Low or flat batteries are some of the most common problems during wintertime, but problems picked up when it's cold can persist into summer as well. If a car fails or struggles to start, the problem may be the battery. Many garages will perform a free battery test.

Brakes

Brakes will be tested during your MOT but it may be advisable to have your brakes checked at more regular intervals or before any long journey. Most garages will be able to check your brake pads, discs and brake fluid levels.

Oil

Oil levels should also be checked regularly by ensuring the level is between the maximum and minimum marked on your dipstick. Oil levels should ideally be checked when the engine is cold and with the vehicle on a flat surface.

Driving abroad

If you are taking your car abroad for a summer holiday or other trip, there may be applicable rules depending on the country you are visiting or driving through. Some European countries require you by law to carry a first-aid kit and safety equipment that may include a fire extinguisher, warning triangle and reflective or high visibility jackets. From July 2012, you will also be required to carry a breathalyser if driving in France.

It’s also a good idea to adjust your headlamps so they do not dazzle other road users when driving on the right hand side of the road. Some cars allow for headlamp adjustment but special stickers are available that can be applied to the outside of your light fitting.

It's advisable to check on the relevant legal requirements when driving abroad, as ignorance of the law is not deemed a valid excuse.

It's essential for the safety of both the rider and other road users that the bike is fitted with appropriate tyres that are properly checked and maintained.

Choosing the right tyres

There are three basic types of motorbike tyre. These are:

• Diagonal or cross ply
• Radial ply
• Bias belted

In addition, tyres may be tubeless or tube type (requiring an inner tube) depending on the wheel type. The type and size of tyre required will depend on the make and model of your motorbike and what you intend to use it for (touring, street riding, off-road, racing etc.). You can find the appropriate tyre for your situation by consulting your bike owner's manual, a motorcycle tyre specialist or the tyre manufacturer's guide.

The front and rear tyres should also be of the same type. In some European countries it is illegal to ride a bike with tyres from two different manufacturers. This is not currently a legal requirement in the UK but using the same brand and type of tyre for both wheels is still advisable.

Inspection and maintenance

It's a good idea to inspect tyres regularly, even if the bike appears to be handling normally. Visual signs of a tyre's deterioration can include cracking of the tread or sidewall rubber, cuts, lumps or bulges. The depth of the tyre tread should also be regularly checked.

Driving over potholes, kerbs and debris can all result in damage to the structure of the tyre and riders who experience an impact may be advised to get their tyres checked out even if there are no visible signs of deterioration. Air loss, unusual noises and vibrations can also indicate problems with the tyres.

Tyre treads

Tyre treads help maintain a grip on the road and disperse water from the area where the tyre is in contact with the tarmac in adverse weather conditions. In the UK it's a legal requirement for the tread to be at least 1mm in depth around the whole circumference of the tyre and across 75% of the central width. The original pattern must also be visible across the remaining 25%.

Most motorcycle tyres have tread-wear indicators located in the grooves. These give an indication of when the tyre is approaching the end of its safe and legal life. The tyre should be replaced when these tread wear indicators reach the level of the tread surface.

Tyre pressure

The correct inflation of tyres is vital to road safety and performance. It's recommended that tyre pressures are checked regularly (preferably once a week) and before any long journey. Tyre pressures should be checked when the tyres are cold, as heated tyres can give a false reading. This means taking a reading before the bike is ridden. Spare tyres should also be checked at regular intervals.

Under-inflated tyres can result in poor handling and reduced grip with the road surface. They can also be prone to overheating and causing excessive flexing and deterioration of the casing. Under-inflated tyres tend to wear out more quickly and can adversely affect the mileage you get from the bike, which can increase fuel costs. This can also increase your carbon emissions. 

A tyre will tend to lose air pressure over time (typically around 1 psi or 0.076 bars per month). Excessive air loss could be an indication of a slow puncture or a problem with the valve, valve cap or the wheel itself.

Tyres that have been run while flat or seriously under-inflated should not be re-inflated and reused. There may be damage to the structure of the tyre and they should always be removed and inspected by a trained tyre specialist.

Over-inflated tyres reduce the area of tyre in contact with the road, leading to reduced control and faster wear in the centre of the tread. Over inflated tyres can also be more susceptible to damage from impact with things like speed bumps, potholes and kerbs.

The recommended pressures for original equipment tyres can be found in your owner's manual. Tyre specialists or tyre manufacturers can provide the optimum pressures for 'aftermarket' alternative tyres. The recommended pressures may also vary depending on the load. This may include factors such as whether you are riding solo or have a pillion passenger, have a heavy pannier load or have a side-car attached.

New tyres

New tyres should be allowed a 'running in' period. This allows the tyre to settle properly on the wheel rim, 'scuffs' the tread surface and gives the rider a chance to adjust to small differences in handling. When new tyres are fitted, the bike should be ridden at low speeds for the first 100 miles or so. 

It’s best to avoid hard braking and cornering, while it’s a good idea to take extra care in bad weather or otherwise tricky conditions. After the first 100 miles, the tyres should be checked to ensure the correct seating and inflation.

Disclaimer – Please not that this guide is not designed to be advisory and you should contact the tyre manufacturer for full details of the products mentioned.

Do I need motorbike insurance?

Valid  insurance is a legal requirement to ride a motorbike on a road or any other  public space in the UK. Any rider must have at least third party insurance  cover.

What is third party insurance?

Third  party motorbike insurance only covers injury to people or damage to their  property resulting from an accident for which you were to blame. If you are  injured or your bike is damaged in an accident that was not your fault and you  only have third party insurance, you must pursue your claim through the other  party's insurer. Third party insurance does not cover your bike against theft  or vandalism.

What is third party, fire and theft insurance?

Third  party, fire and theft motorbike  insurance is basically an upgraded version of third party cover. It gives  all the same protection as third party only insurance but will also cover your  costs if your bike is stolen or set on fire.

What is comprehensive insurance?

Comprehensive  motorbike insurance offers all the benefits of third party, fire and theft  insurance but it will also cover you for damage or injury in an accident that  was your fault. Some policies may also offer additional benefits, such as  breakdown assistance and legal expenses cover. There may also be 'bolt ons'  such as insurance for your helmet and leathers. These will generally be  optional extras that will give you additional cover for an extra cost.

What is an excess?

For  most insurance claims you make, you will have to pay the first part of the  cost. This is known as the excess. The amount of excess payable will vary  between different insurance providers and individual policies. It is sometimes  possible to raise the amount of excess you pay (known as a voluntary excess) in  exchange for a lower overall premium.

Can I ride my bike abroad?

Some  policies will automatically cover you if you take your bike abroad but others  will not. If you have a comprehensive policy in the UK it may offer a reduced  level of cover abroad. A minimum level of insurance is compulsory in all  European countries and almost all countries worldwide. If your existing policy  does not cover you abroad, it may be possible to get temporary cover for the  duration of your trip.

Will motorbike insurance cover a pillion passenger?

Pillion  passengers used to be routinely covered by the rider's motorbike insurance.  Nowadays this is not always the case. Many insurers will give applicants the  option of whether to purchase cover for pillion passengers or not. Not doing so  will reduce the cost of the premium but it is illegal to carry an uninsured  passenger.

What factors will affect my premium?

There  are many factors that can affect the cost of your premium. These can include  your age, occupation and the specifications of your bike. Insurers assess the  risk of providing cover and young riders on fast powerful bikes are considered  to be relatively high risk.

The  value of the bike may also be important as it will obviously cost an insurer  more to replace an expensive bike that is written off in an accident than a  cheaper one. Expensive bikes can also be more attractive to thieves. The area  in which you live can also affect your premium, depending on whether it's  considered a high or low risk area when it comes to crime.

Classic  motorcycles may sometimes be cheaper to ensure than their modern counterparts.  Many ensurers recognise the fact that classic bikes can be difficult to sell on  and are therefore less attractive to thieves. Classic bike owners are also  statistically less likely to be involved in an accident and are often classed  as 'light' users who are more likely to be taking their bike to a convention or  for the occasional spin rather than using it every day on motorways or city  traffic.

Many  insurers will offer a discount to riders who complete the Driving Standards  Agency's enhanced rider scheme and earn a DSA certificate of competence. Most  will also offer a no claims discount to riders who have been riding for a given  time period without making a claim.

What is a no claims discount?

A  no claims discount, also known as a no claims bonus, is a discount applied to  your motorbike insurance premium based on your recent claims history. The exact  details of a no claims discount can vary between insurers and individual  policies but you will generally earn one year of no claims discount for every  year you have motorbike insurance without making a claim. There will usually be  a maximum number of years allowed for the discount.

No  claims discounts can sometimes be protected. Many policies include an optional  extra premium that protects your no claims discount even if you do make a  claim. Even if you have no claims discount protection, there is usually a limit  on how many claims you can make in a given time period and still keep your no claims  discount.

Tips for long journeys

If you are planning a long car journey then make sure you are prepared before you set out. Get a good night's sleep as being tired is likely to make you less alert generally.

Make sure you've had a drink and something to eat before you set out as thirst and hunger can be distracting. It may not be the best idea to drink beverages that are high in caffeine content as, although these will make you more alert initially, the effects will recede over time and you could end up feeling more tired in the long run.

Take a break at least once every two hours and make sure you have a drink and something to eat each time you do have a break. Try to get out of your car and walk around if you can as this will help you to feel more awake and energised.

Tips for driving in bad weather

If you have to drive in bad weather such as rain, snow or fog, then your risk of having an accident may increase. Make sure you take a look at the weather forecast before you set out so you know what's in store and check your tyres before you set out.

In heavy rain or snow make sure your windscreen wipers and headlights are on to improve visibility and try to drive in the tracks of the car in front if possible. Keep your driving at a slow and steady pace and avoid high speeds or making sudden moves. Take into account the fact that you will need more space to stop and increase your stopping distance accordingly.

Hydroplaning can occur in heavy rain. This is when your car tyres lose contact with the road due to the volume of water. If this happens when you are driving, take your foot off the accelerator and keep your steering wheel straight. As your car slows down, its weight will cause the wheels to regain contact with the road. Do not put on your brakes or try to steer if you hydroplane as this can cause your wheels to spin.

If you see a patch of fog ahead of you when driving, it is a good idea to slow down and put your fog lights on. Drive slowly and steadily through the fog and be aware that there may be slow-moving vehicles ahead of you.

Tips for driving in rush hour

Typically, drivers are most tired when driving in rush hour because it occurs at the start and the end of each day. When you have to drive through busy traffic it can seem like all you are doing is stopping and starting, which can get frustrating. In addition, the behaviour of other drivers can be extremely annoying.

The way you drive in rush hour can help to reduce your stress and reduce wear and tear on your car, so you are less likely to need to make a claim.

It can be hard to remember to look ahead when you are stuck in 'stop start' traffic, but anticipating what is happening further down the road can help you to keep your driving speed steady and give you more time to avoid any problems that come your way. Breaking gradually and using your gears minimally uses less fuel and creates less wear and tear on your vehicle, ultimately saving you money in the long term.

If you want to use the least possible fuel and avoid damaging your car then keeping your speed slow and steady is the best option. Avoid trying to speed ahead of traffic to nip into gaps. When driving in the rush hour there is always a possibility that someone in front of you could brake suddenly. If you keep your driving at a slow and steady speed and leave ample room for stopping between you and the car in front, you can be more in control of your vehicle and avoid accidents.

To save money on fuel and reduce wear and tear on your car, avoid driving in the rush hour. If that's not possible then plan your route carefully. Most people will choose to take the most direct route from A to B during rush hour, meaning that the direct route will be the busiest. Look for other ways to get to your destination that avoids motorways or busy main roads and you are likely to find that your journey time decreases and you ultimately use less fuel.

Using your gears

When you change gear it can have a large bearing on the amount of fuel you use. The best time to go up a gear is when your car can comfortably drive in the gear without you needing to put your foot on the accelerator.

Following these driving tips will help you reduce your fuel consumption, reduce the wear and tear on your vehicle and reduce the likelihood of you having an accident which could all help to lower your insurance premiums.

What is green car insurance?

There are several companies currently offering green car insurance which generally involves carbon offset schemes. Your vehicle and the amount that you drive will be assessed to find out how much carbon dioxide (CO2) your car is likely to produce every year. The insurance company you choose will then purchase carbon credits from various carbon offset schemes on your behalf. The more CO2 your car produces, the more carbon credits the company will purchase.

What is a carbon offset scheme?

There are several different types of carbon offset schemes that run all over the world. They can involve planting trees, recycling and other environmental efforts. Some insurers will offset all of the emissions you produce whilst others will use a percentage of your premium to help fund schemes. Other insurers will make a charitable donation to ecological charities using a percentage of your premium.

Can I get cheaper insurance if I drive an eco friendly car?

Most ordinary insurers offer special deals for people who drive more eco friendly cars and your premiums will be based on things like the size of your car, the size of your engine, the fuel you use and the number of miles you drive, so if you choose a more eco friendly car you can end up getting cheaper car insurance.

However, green car insurance can be more expensive than ordinary insurance because a percentage of what you pay will be going towards carbon offset schemes or ecological charities.

How can I find the best deal on green car insurance?

One of the most effective ways to find a good deal on car insurance is to check price comparison websites. Most insurers will offer special deals online and you'll be able to find out the details about exactly what is offered by any carbon offset scheme, so you can decide whether the projects being funded are worth the extra expense.

Can I reduce the cost of my green insurance premiums?

As with any type of car insurance, it's possible to reduce your premiums by choosing the right car. In basic terms, if your car is a gas guzzler you can expect to pay more, so choose a car with good fuel economy and a smaller engine.

If you agree to limit the amount of mileage which you do, you can significantly reduce the costs of green car insurance because you're less likely to have an accident or need repairs if you limit your mileage, but you'll also be producing less CO2.

If you want to limit your mileage you can try using public transport or setting up a car share scheme with colleagues. Bear in mind that if you go over your mileage limit you can make your policy void, so make sure you stick to the limit set out.

You can also reduce the cost of your insurance by making sure that your car is as safe and secure as possible, so fit a good alarm system and an immobiliser and try to park your vehicle off the road or in a garage. Limiting your mileage is also a great way to reduce your carbon footprint in these environmentally-conscious times.

Increasing your excess can also be a good way to reduce your insurance premiums, but don’t forget that if you need to make a claim you will have to pay the difference and if you can't afford to do so you may be left without the funds to repair your car.

If you can afford to pay for your insurance in one lump sum rather than on a monthly basis, you'll be rewarded with a discount by most companies. You can also get a discount if you insure more than one vehicle with the same company.

In some cases you'll be offered a significant saving if you take out other forms of insurance, such as life insurance, with the same company.

It's also a good idea to take the time to look around for a better deal when your insurance is up for renewal, rather than simply renewing your existing policy as you could find that offers and discounts will have become available from other insurers.

Many drivers wrongly assume that their insurance will cover them for the same things in Europe as it will in the UK, but this is not always the case as some insurers do not offer comprehensive European cover as standard. This means you may have to purchase add-ons to your current policy or separate European car insurance if you're planning to travel abroad.

Can I legally drive in Europe with UK insurance?

If you have insurance for your car in the UK then you can drive legally in most European countries, including those that aren't in the EU. However, it is worth noting that in most cases you'll only have the minimum amount of cover, even if you have comprehensive UK insurance.

Until recently you needed an International Certificate of Motor Insurance or a Green Card to drive in the EU and, although this is no longer a legal requirement, it can be a good idea to get a green card as it's an easy way to show that your vehicle is legal and insured. You can obtain a green card from your insurer, but it can’t be used as a substitute for more comprehensive cover. In fact, in many countries, having a green card will only afford you the same level of protection as third party cover would in the UK.

What is covered by European car insurance?

Many holidaymakers prefer to find European cover that offers the same level of protection as their UK insurance, but bear in mind that different policies will offer different things and always read any policy carefully so you know exactly what you are and are not covered for.

You can buy annual European car insurance but this will normally only cover you for a period of 90 days or less, so if you're going to be away longer you will need extended cover. You can extend the cover you have or look for a specialist insurer that offers car insurance overseas for longer periods of time.

If you're only going to be away for a short time it can be more cost effective to purchase short term or temporary insurance which can cover you for between 1 and 28 days in total. However, if you're planning to go abroad more than once in a year then it can work out cheaper to buy an annual policy rather than purchasing a separate plan each time you travel.

Make sure you understand exactly what you will be able to claim for with your European Car Insurance and make sure you find out which countries your policy covers as some insurers will only provide policies if you travel within the EU. So, even if you are just travelling through a non-EU country such as Switzerland, you'll still need to be insured.

You should also make sure you understand who is entitled to drive your car in Europe if you are planning to share the driving on your trip.

Will Breakdown Cover be included in my policy?

As with insurance in the UK, breakdown cover may not be automatically included in your policy, but having someone to call on if your car runs into trouble can be a useful lifeline so it can be wise to choose breakdown cover as an add-on if it's not included.

In general, provision of a replacement vehicle will not be included in basic cover so if you want to be able to get access to a vehicle if your own one breaks down, remember to include this in your policy too.

Can I get European cover if I'm under 21?

The majority of providers won't offer European insurance if you're under 21 and many will not provide insurance for those aged under 25, so if you're younger than this you may find it difficult to get your vehicle insured. However, it's always worth finding out whether an insurer will consider you, if you're not sure then contact your insurance company.

How can I find cheap European car insurance?

If you want to find cheap European car insurance then a good place to start is by checking comparison websites where you'll be able to get several quotes and search for insurance that meets your specific needs. Many insurers will also offer a discount if you buy online as it costs them less to process an online purchase than one which involves paperwork.

If you already have UK insurance then it may be worth finding out if your current insurer can offer you a discount if you take out another policy with them.

The cost of repairs can be more expensive in Europe than the UK and most insurers take this into account when setting premiums. In the UK, the more expensive and powerful your car is the more it costs to insure and the same rules generally apply to European insurance. If you want to keep the costs to a minimum then avoid taking expensive, powerful cars abroad or cars that have parts that are difficult to replace.

With petrol prices still high, and the cost of car insurance steadily rising, motorists are shelling out more than ever to keep their car on the road. Despite the rising costs, for many people the need for a car is simply not going to disappear. The challenge for drivers now is to try and keep costs down wherever they can.

Preventing a breakdown scenario

This can be easier said than done, especially if you use your car regularly. But one area where it is possible to save money is with your car’s maintenance.

A breakdown can happen at any point, no matter what type of car you have. In order to try and avoid any scary motorway breakdown situations and keep your car running smoothly for as long as possible, there are certain steps you can take.

There are steps you can take to reduce the chances of breaking down in the first place:

Step 1 - One good way to reduce the risk of breakdown is to take your car for a regular check-up at a garage. This doesn’t necessarily have to be once a month, but at least twice a year is the best plan to prevent problems before they occur. While many motorists will perform their own checks on their car, a mechanic will be able to get a better look underneath the vehicle and perhaps spot things that others would not.

Step 2 - It is also a good idea to be aware of any different noises coming from your car, or any changes in the way it drives or handles. These could turn out to be nothing, but it is a good idea to investigate as any problem left untreated will only get worse – costing you even more in repairs.

Step 3 - It can be beneficial to take your car for a professional check-up more often than the MOT requires, but there are a number of measures which you yourself can take to keep your car healthy. One of the most important of these is to keep the various fluids your car needs topped up. Everything from engine oil to brake fluid, coolant to antifreeze, should all be maintained and checked regularly.

Engine oil should ideally be checked about once every two weeks, or before any long drive. Not only will this keep your engine healthy, but you’ll also be able to identify unusual oil consumption.

A high level of oil consumption could mean there is a problem with your engine, so checking regularly will help prevent the problem developing further.

Other checks, such as engine coolant, brake fluid, power-steering fluid and antifreeze should all be checked regularly and topped up when needed. When it comes to the winter months, antifreeze and screenwash should be monitored closely.

Step 4 - Before it gets too cold, it is a good idea to check the concentration of the antifreeze, while using a good screenwash additive will prevent freezing.

Step 5 - One final preparation you might want to make is with your car’s tyres. These are a vital part of any vehicle, and it can be dangerous if they are damaged or the tread is low. It is a good idea to check the pressure of your tyres regularly, if the pressure is wrong they can become damaged very quickly.

Obtaining the correct tread on your car’s tyres is also important, as well as being a legal requirement. You can refer to your car’s handbook for further details and guidelines.

Preparing for a vehicle breakdown

Despite our best efforts, breakdowns can still happen to the best of cars. So it is also a good idea to be prepared for the situation.

Aside from the inconvenience, a breakdown can be quite a scary experience – especially on a motorway or a busy road. But there are steps you can take to remain in control of the situation and stay safe:

Even if you think your car won’t break down any time soon, it may be a good idea to keep certain items in your car just in case. The key items to alert other drivers to your presence and assist you most effectively in such a situation include:

• A warning triangle
• High visibility jacket
• A torch
• Blankets

One of the best ways to be prepared for a breakdown could involve taking out car breakdown cover. Unlike car insurance, breakdown cover is not a legal requirement. But it can turn out to be a useful type of cover to have.

There are a number of different breakdown policies available, which offer different levels of cover.

Basic policies will offer roadside assistance and recovery, with other policies offering additional cover such as home start, onward journeys and even accommodation if you are stranded, for a higher annual fee.

What is a no claims discount?

A no claims discount, also known as a no claims bonus, is a discount applied to your car insurance premium based on your recent claims history.

The precise details of a no claims discount can vary between insurers and individual policies. You will generally earn one year of no claims discount for every year you have car insurance without making a claim. The maximum amount of no claims bonus allowed is usually 5 years, although some companies will allow more.

It is also worth noting that the exact amount of discount awarded for each year of claim-free driving can also vary.

Can a no claims discount be protected?

Many policies include an optional extra premium that protects your no claims discount even if you make a claim. There is usually a limit on how many claims you can make in a given time period and still keep your no claims discount. Depending on the policy, this may be a maximum of a single claim or it may be two or more.

If you do make a claim your insurance premium may still go up when it is time for your renewal, even if your no claims discount is protected. This is because your actual claims history is part of the information an insurance company will use to calculate your new premium. A maximised no claim discount can still provide substantial savings though, and many people choose to protect their no claims discount.

Even if you do not have additional no claims discount protection, some companies will not completely wipe out or reset your no claims discount depending on the circumstances and type of claim involved. Some insurers, for example, will drop a maximised 5-year no claims discount down to 2 years when a driver makes their first claim. Claiming for a broken or damaged window or windscreen will not usually affect your no claims discount.

What if I claim for an accident that wasn't my fault?

If you are involved in an accident where the other party accepts fault completely, you may not lose any of your no claims discount. It is important to note that 'no claims' is not always the same as 'no fault' though. A disputed claim, where both parties claim the other was entirely or partially at fault, will usually result in a loss of no claims discount.

Depending on your policy, a no fault accident involving an uninsured driver and claims involving theft, fire and vandalism may also result in you losing some or all of your no claims discount.

Can a named driver build up a no claims discount?

Some insurance companies will allow named drivers to build up a limited amount of no claims discount, which will be applied when they take out a policy in their own name. Typically though, the no claims discount applies only to the main driver or policy holder.

If you have more than one car you need to earn and maintain a separate no claims discount for each. Some companies will, however, give a discount for insuring multiple cars through them. This 'introductory discount' may be based partly on the amount of no claims discount you currently hold on the first vehicle.

How do I provide proof of no claims discount to a new insurer?

Whenever you change your car insurance provider, you can normally transfer your no claims discount.

Your insurance renewal notice will usually contain details of no claims discount earned with your current or former insurer. This can be sent to a new insurer but most will also accept a policy schedule or letter from your previous insurer confirming the details of your no claims discount. Some may merely require the name of your old provider and your policy number and will make the necessary checks themselves.

Not all insurance companies will count claim-free driving of a company car when it comes to awarding a no claims discount. Many will, however, and you will generally need to provide them with a letter from your employer detailing your claims and accident history, the length of time you were insured through the company and confirming that you were the sole driver of the company car.

Many companies will also accept years of claims-free driving built up while driving abroad. You will have to provide valid proof by requesting a letter (preferably written in English) from a registered insurance company detailing your claims history and other details.

It is worth bearing in mind that there may be a time limit for you to transfer your existing no claims discount. If, for example, you get rid of your car and do not drive or have insurance for a number of years, you may not be able to transfer any previously earned no claims discount when you do get a new premium.

What is third party car insurance?

Put simply, basic third party car insurance only covers injury to people or damage to their property resulting from an accident for which you were to blame. Third party cover is a legal requirement for driving a car in any public place in the UK.

Even if you do not intend to drive a car, it must have a minimum of third party car insurance or be declared as 'off the road' with a Statutory Off Road Notification (SORN) issued by the DVLA. If you have a SORN you must surrender your tax disc and cannot drive or keep the car on any public road.

Third party car insurance covers any liability you may have for injuring another person while driving, including your own passengers. It also covers damage to other people's property caused by an accident for which you were at fault. This property is often another vehicle involved in an accident but it could also be a garden wall, a shop front or anything else that suffers damage as a result of the accident.

If your car is stolen and the thief causes an accident whilst driving it, you will be covered for any injury caused to a third party or any damage to their property. You will not be covered for any damage to your own vehicle though.

Third party car insurance will also cover you for any injury or damage caused to a third party by a caravan or trailer attached to your car.

What if an accident wasn't my fault?

Third party car insurance only covers you for injury or damage caused to a third party arising from an accident that was your fault. If you are injured or your car is damaged in an accident that was not your fault, you must pursue your claim through the other party's insurer.

If you can prove the accident was not your fault (or the other party accepts the blame) their insurers will make a payout to you. Where fault is disputed, the insurance companies involved will take statements from the parties involved and any other evidence available into account before making a decision on who is liable.

If you are involved in an accident with an uninsured driver you will obviously not be able to make a claim through their insurance. If the accident was not your fault you may be able to pursue damages through the courts or claim compensation from the Motor Insurers' Bureau, which runs The Uninsured Drivers Scheme.

What are the benefits of third party insurance?

Third party car insurance meets legal obligations regarding cover and protects you against liabilities incurred by an accident for which you were at fault. The main benefit as compared to other types of insurance is that third party cover is usually seen as a cheaper alternative.

This is not always the case for every individual policy, but third party cover certainly tends to be cheaper than a more comprehensive package offered by the same provider. This may make it an attractive option for those on a budget, drivers whose cars are not worth very much and young or new drivers who have expensive premiums and who haven't had time to build up a no claims bonus. There can be more considerations when it comes to insurance than simply the cheapest available premium though.

What are the drawbacks?

The main drawback is the limited amount of cover provided by third party car insurance. If you are involved in an accident that is deemed to be your fault, third party insurance will not cover you for personal injuries or for damage to your own vehicle or property.

Basic third party insurance will not compensate you if your vehicle is stolen, set on fire or damaged by vandals.

What other types of insurance are there?

Third party, fire and theft

This is the same as the basic third party only cover, except it also pays out if your car is stolen or set on fire. The theft or damage must be reported to the police before you can make a claim of this sort. Making a claim against fire and theft can cause future premiums to rise sharply. Precautions such as alarms and immobilisers can help to reduce the risk of your car being stolen or damaged.

Comprehensive

Comprehensive insurance is also known as fully comprehensive or ‘all risk’ insurance. It provides all the cover of a third party, fire and theft insurance policy but it also protects against injury and damage caused to yourself or your vehicle and property, even if the accident was your fault. You may have to pay an excess charge on any claim but many comprehensive insurance policies have additional benefits. These can include such things as windscreen cover (meaning you don't have to pay an excess charge when fixing or replacing a windscreen), breakdown cover and other benefits, depending on the policy.

Who to sell to

There are various options available when it comes to selling your car. You can sell it to a trader (including trading the vehicle in a part exchange deal), sell it at auction or make a direct private sale to an individual.

The best option for you will probably depend on how much you want for the car, whether you need a quick sale and whether you're prepared to expend a little extra effort making a private sale. Traders offer a quick, hassle-free option but they do make offers with profit margins in mind. Auctions can also provide a quick way to sell but the auctioneer will take a fee, which is often a percentage of the final price. You will also have to pay extra to set a reserve price, which means that your car will not sell unless bidding reaches a certain price.

Selling to a private individual can often bring the best price, but you may have to wait longer and put in a little extra effort before making a sale.

Preparing your car for sale

One of the most important parts of any car sale, for both seller and buyer, is the price. There are many sources on the Internet offering free used car estimates. A mechanic or dealer may offer you an evaluation and you can also check what others are selling the same type of car for.

The make, model and age of the car will provide a starting point but the condition, mileage and options such as interior trim, music players, air conditioning etc. will also have a bearing on the price. Even the colour of the car can affect the price. Remember though that these are only estimates. How much you receive will depend on the current market and how much a buyer is willing to pay. In order to get the full estimated value or even more, you may have to be prepared to wait.

Many sellers will keep three basic figures in mind. These are the ideal price, a fair price that they would be happy to sell the car for and an absolute minimum price below which they won't sell.

Minor and cosmetic faults can turn a basically sound vehicle into an unattractive prospect and could lower the final sale price by a greater amount than it would cost to rectify them. Paint touch-up sticks can be used on minor chips and blemishes. Oil, water and other fluid levels can be easily topped up and tyres can be inflated to the correct pressure. A clean, fresh smelling car is also likely to fetch more than a dirty and unkempt one.

It can save time if you collect all relevant paperwork such as the logbook, MOT certificate, service history, repair receipts and any existing warranties before anyone comes to view the car.

It may also help if you make sure you know where the VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) is located, as a cautious buyer may wish to check this.

Advertising

There are many places to advertise a car for sale, from specialist sites online to newspapers and the local shop or post office window. It's generally a good idea to include as many details as possible in the space you have.

Important information to list on an advertisement could include:

• The exact make & model 
• Year of the car
• Current mileage
• Colour
• Service history
• Number of owners 
• Features/modifications 
• Photographs of the car can also be included, especially if you are advertising online.

Staying safe

While selling a car is usually straightforward, sellers (and buyers) can sometimes be the victims of fraud and other crime. If you are selling a car from home you may wish to ensure that someone else is with you whenever a potential buyer comes to view the car. It's not generally advisable to let a viewer take a car for an unaccompanied test-drive.

You should also be aware that there may be issues with your insurance when it comes to offering test drives. If a viewer says they are insured to drive any car with the owner's permission, it can be a good idea to ask them to show you the paperwork.

If you are being paid by electronic transfer or cheque, it may be a good idea to wait until funds have cleared before handing over the keys.

Documents and red tape

The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) state that it's important to tell them as soon as you sell your vehicle or you'll continue to be responsible for paying the vehicle tax or penalties for the non-payment of it. If you fail to tell the DVLA you could be held responsible for any future motoring offences committed in the vehicle.

You can inform the DVLA by completing and sending the relevant part of the registration certificate (logbook).

If you are getting a new car, you may be able to transfer your existing insurance policy.

Organising for your car to be towed away and repaired may be a simple process in the UK, but if you are unfamiliar with the language of the country you are in it can be difficult to organise the logistics of getting back on the road again.

Many insurers will offer breakdown policies that cover you for driving in the whole of the EU. Putting this in place before you head abroad could potentially save you time and money in the long run, and ensures that you are covered for every eventuality.

Pre-trip planning

Visiting your local garage to get your car serviced and checking that everything is in working order from your engine to your tyres is something many people like to do before taking any long journey. Ask the garage that is servicing your car to check your brakes, lights and tyres as well as checking water, oil and tyre tread and pressure levels.

Having the following items in your car will ensure that you comply with the breakdown rules of most EU countries, and they can act as a safety net while you wait for assistance: a warning triangle, a complete set of bulbs, first aid and a fire extinguisher. You will need to ensure that you have a headlight beam reflector for when driving on the opposite side of the road, as well as a rear GB sticker.

For vehicles made after March 2001, they should already have a number plate with a GB Euro sticker on it, and in this case you shouldn’t need a GB sticker.

Map out your route

Using an online route planner to ensure you have a clear itinerary before you leave may also help to anticipate any potential hazards or problem areas. Tourist offices should be able to provide maps and guides and if you have a sat nav you can also download a map of the country you are visiting.

Understand the road rules in the country you are visiting

Each country has its individual road rules, traffic regulations and driving style and you may find that it is easier to familiarise yourself with these before you take your trip abroad. The Foreign Office website offers safety tips for driving abroad and embassies may also be able to provide you with the information you need.

You may need to take extra caution when you are approaching junctions and roundabouts as everything will be the reverse of rules in the UK.

As an example of differing road rules, if you break down on an auto route in France it is illegal to call with your mobile phone and you need to use the SOS boxes to call for assistance.

Understanding key road signs in another language can also be helpful so that you understand that parking in a 'zona de grua' in Spain, for example, will mean that you will be towed away.

Ensure all your paperwork is in place

Before you take your trip you will need to ensure that you have your full driving licence (plus its paper counterpart if you have a photocard licence), and the full details of your insurance policy.

It may also be helpful to bring along your vehicle registration document (you can apply for a replacement using Form V62, which you can get from a Post Office or direct from the DVLA), and take copies of all your documents, as you might with your passport, in the event that you should lose them or they are stolen.

Green cards

The Green Card system is overseen by the Economic Commission for Europe. It is not an insurance policy but it is proof that the minimum legal requirements for third party liability insurance, in any country for which the Green Card is valid, are covered by the insured individual’s own motor policy. You will need to ask your insurer if they will provide you with a green card.

A green card is needed in the following countries: Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), Islamic Republic of Iran, Israel, Moldova, Morocco, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine.

Breakdown cover

As with a breakdown scenario in the UK, when you breakdown abroad the first step is to call your policy provider who will arrange for your vehicle to be towed to the nearest garage if it can’t be repaired at the roadside. Your breakdown provider may also help you with alternative transport or accommodation, as well as providing repatriation to the UK for you and your passengers if this is required.

If you are hiring a car abroad then the rental company will probably be responsible for any repairs or assistance you will need in relation to your hire car.

Check that you have breakdown cover that covers the EU. You may be able to ask your insurer to upgrade you policy to encompass European cover if this is not already in place.

Having breakdown cover in place will mean that you are able to call English-speaking representatives at all times of the day to get assistance.

Why is the correct tyre pressure important? Maintaining the correct pressures for your vehicle is important because it can help to...

Reduce the risk of potential blow-outs

The air pressure inside a tyre is what helps to bear the vehicle's weight. If a tyre is under-inflated there may not be enough air to properly support the vehicle. This can put extra pressure on the tyre's sidewalls, causing them to flex beyond their normal limits. This in turn can lead to a build-up of excessive heat and a potential high speed blow-out.

Improve road handling

An under-inflated tyre will be less rigid than it is supposed to be, resulting in poorer handling and steering control. An over-inflated tyre reduces the surface area of the tyre that is in contact with the road at any one time. This can lead to a loss of grip and increased braking distance, especially in wet or icy weather conditions.

Increase tyre lifetime

A correctly inflated tyre is designed to spread the wear and the pressures that are exerted on its surfaces. An over-inflated tyre can cause premature wear along the centre. Over-inflated tyres can also be more susceptible to damage caused by driving over potholes and other irregularities on the road.

An under-inflated tyre can cause premature wear to the tread and to the shoulder of the tyre – the part at the edge of the tread where it changes to the sidewall.  By law, car tyre treads in the UK must have a minimum depth of 1.6mm and the tyre must also have intact shoulders and sidewalls. Driving with tyres at the recommended pressure can save money by increasing the safe and legal lifetime of the tyres.

Provide more efficient fuel consumption

Under-inflated tyres are less rigid and more of the surface area of the tyre will be in contact with the road at any one time. This results in greater friction between the tyre and the road, requiring more power to move the car.

This, in turn, means you will use more fuel. Ensuring your tyres are inflated to the correct pressure will help save you money in fuel costs and will also help the environment by lowering your general Co2 emissions.

Finding the recommended pressure

There are a number of ways to find the correct tyre pressure. Car manufacturers specify the recommended pressures for tyres fitted to their vehicles. These recommended pressures can be found in the car owner's manual. They may also be printed on the inside of the driver's door or the inside of the petrol tank cap.

The air compressors available to customers at many petrol stations will often have a chart, listing recommended tyre pressures for many popular makes and models of cars.

There are also a number of websites that allow you to check your recommended tyre pressures online. You can generally do this by entering the make, model and year of your car. Some sites will also allow you to enter your registration number and will find your car specifications for you.

Front and rear tyres may have different recommended pressures. Recommended pressures may also vary depending on the load which the car is carrying. If you are carrying a heavy load or towing an additional load such as a trailer or caravan, you should check if your tyres require extra inflation.

Checking the actual pressure

You should only check tyre pressures when the tyres are cold (i.e. before making a journey of any great length). Driving causes the tyres to heat up and this can lead to inaccurate pressure readings. Making a short journey to check your tyres at a nearby petrol station might not make a huge difference, but to ensure the most accurate reading you should allow the tyres time to cool down before taking a reading.

You can check your tyre pressures using a tyre pressure gauge. You can buy pressure gauges to use at home or on the road or at a garage or petrol station with an air compressor.

Remove the tyre valve cap, attach the pressure gauge and check the reading. This may be a digital reading, an arrow on a gauge or a 'pop out' stick with measurements depending on the type of gauge you are using. Tyre pressure can be expressed as either bar pressure or psi pressure.

If you are checking a particular tyre because you think it looks or feels under-inflated, it's generally worth checking all your tyres at the same time. Spare tyres should also be checked at regular intervals.

If you are not confident in checking the pressures yourself, most garages will also do it for you.

Inflating your tyres

Tyres can be inflated using compressors and pumps of various types. Some will have a built-in pressure gauge, allowing you to set the desired pressure or keep an eye on the gauge until you reach the correct pressure. Air can be let out of an over-inflated tyre by partially removing the gauge or compressor nozzle from the tyre valve until you hear the hissing of escaping air.

Small is beautiful: how car insurance price bands work

UK cars usually have an insurance band rating, which range from one (cheapest) to 50 (most expensive). The ratings are determined by the Group Rating Panel, which is made up of members of the Associated British Insurers and Lloyds Market Association. Motor research group Thatcham provides assessments of vehicles, which guides rating decisions.

The banding system is based on the cost of replacement parts, how easy and costly a car is to repair, the new value of the car, its performance, and security features.

So it follows that a cheaper car, with a smaller engine and good safety features, should have a lower insurance band and may be cheaper to insure. Remember too that modifications to a car made after it has left the factory, such as the fitting of alloy wheels or engine performance tweaks, can also increase insurance premiums.

Build up a no-claims discount

These are usually earned for every 12-month period in which an insured driver doesn't make a claim on their policy. Their value varies from insurer to insurer, but a bonus of five years or more could reduce some car insurance prices by 60 to 75%.

Cut your mileage

Reducing the number of miles you drive in your car is not only good for the environment - and potentially for you health if you choose to walk or cycle instead - but it could also lower your car insurance costs.

Drivers who rack up large annual mileages are considered a higher risk because they have more opportunities to suffer a collision. All insurers will ask how many miles you drive each year, while some offer limited mileage policies, whereby you agree not to drive more than an agreed amount, for example 5,000 miles.

Garage your car at night

Keeping your car in a garage, or at least on a private drive, is another way of keeping down car insurance prices. Vehicles that are locked away are much less likely to be stolen or involved in accidents while parked - and they are also less likely to be vandalised.

Become a better driver

There are several advanced motoring courses that help drivers improve their skills and can see insurance premiums reduced. The Institute of Advanced Motorists introduced its advanced driving test in 1956 and has been running the course to improve safety and confidence in drivers ever since. To date, more than 400,000 people have taken the advanced test with an average pass rate of around 75%.

Other organisations that offer advanced motoring courses include The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, Diamond, and the Guild of Experienced Motorists, while the Government-endorsed Pass Plus scheme can help newly-qualified drivers reduce their insurance premiums.

Compare like with like

While we all love to find the lowest car insurance prices, it should be remembered that cheapest is not always best. When hunting for a great deal on car cover, ensure you compare like with like as some policies won't offer the same level of protection as others and there may be hidden costs such as high excesses, or extra fees for a courtesy car.