ASP.NET AT A GLANCE

2025-08-30T01:04:00.003+05:30

What is AI?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines or computer systems to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. This includes things like learning from experience, understanding language, recognizing images, making decisions, and solving problems.

AI is powered by data and algorithms. For example, when you give AI a lot of pictures of cats, it can learn to identify new pictures of cats on its own.

How is AI changing our daily lives?

AI is already part of your everyday routine, often without you realizing it. Some common examples:

Smartphones & Assistants
- Voice assistants like Siri, Alexa, or Google Assistant use AI to understand and respond to your questions.
- Predictive text and autocorrect when you type messages.
Social Media & Entertainment
- AI decides what posts, reels, or videos you see on platforms like Instagram, TikTok, or YouTube based on your interests.
- Netflix and Spotify recommend shows or music tailored to your taste.
Shopping & Online Services
- Amazon, Flipkart, and other platforms use AI to suggest products you might like.
- Chatbots help answer customer service queries instantly.
Healthcare
- AI helps doctors detect diseases faster through medical imaging (like X-rays or scans).
- Personalized health apps track your fitness, sleep, or even detect irregular heartbeats.
Transportation
- Google Maps or Uber uses AI to predict traffic, suggest the fastest routes, and match riders with drivers.
- Self-driving cars are being tested using AI.
Work & Productivity
- Tools like ChatGPT, Grammarly, or translation apps help with writing, learning, and communication.
- AI can automate repetitive tasks, freeing up time for more creative work.
Finance
- AI detects fraud in banking transactions.
- Helps with stock market predictions and personal finance apps.

The Bigger Picture

AI is making our lives:

Easier (automation of boring/repetitive tasks),
Faster (instant answers, smart recommendations),
More personalized (tailored experiences).

But it also raises questions about privacy, job changes, and ethics, which society is still figuring out.

I. Based on Capability

Narrow AI (Weak AI)
- Definition: AI designed for a specific task. It cannot do anything outside its trained purpose.
- Examples:
  - Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant (voice commands)
  - Netflix recommendations
  - Face unlock on phones
👉 This is the AI we use most today.

General AI (Strong AI)
- Definition: AI that can perform any intellectual task like a human—reasoning, problem-solving, learning, creativity.
- Examples:
  - Still a concept (not fully developed yet).
  - If built, it could think, adapt, and apply knowledge across fields like humans.

Super AI (Artificial Superintelligence)
- Definition: A stage where AI surpasses human intelligence in every field—creativity, emotions, decision-making.
- Examples:
  - Exists only in theory/science fiction (e.g., movies like Her, Ex Machina).
  - Raises debates about control and ethics.

II. Based on Functionality

Reactive Machines
- AI that only reacts to situations, no memory.
- Example: IBM’s Deep Blue (chess-playing computer that beat Garry Kasparov).
Limited Memory
- AI can use past data for decisions.
- Example: Self-driving cars (learn from past driving data + surroundings).
Theory of Mind (Future AI)
- AI that understands human emotions, thoughts, and intentions.
- Example: Still in research—robots that can “understand feelings.”
Self-Aware AI (Future AI)
- AI that has its own consciousness and awareness.
- Example: Does not exist yet—only theoretical.

✅ Quick Recap:

By capability: Narrow AI → General AI → Super AI.
By functionality: Reactive → Limited Memory → Theory of Mind → Self-Aware.

How to find client's MAC Address in Asp.Net and C#.net

2017-12-05T12:34:00.000+05:30

For Web Application

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

[DllImport("Iphlpapi.dll")]
private static extern int SendARP(Int32 dest, Int32 host, ref Int64 mac, ref Int32 length);
[DllImport("Ws2_32.dll")]
private static extern Int32 inet_addr(string ip);

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
string userip = Request.UserHostAddress;
string strClientIP = Request.UserHostAddress.ToString().Trim();
Int32 ldest = inet_addr(strClientIP);
Int32 lhost = inet_addr("");
Int64 macinfo = new Int64();
Int32 len = 6;
int res = SendARP(ldest, 0, ref macinfo, ref len);
string mac_src = macinfo.ToString("X");
if (mac_src == "0")
{
if (userip == "127.0.0.1")
Response.Write("visited Localhost!");
else
Response.Write("the IP from" + userip + "" + "<br>");
return;
}

while (mac_src.Length < 12)
{
mac_src = mac_src.Insert(0, "0");
}

string mac_dest = "";

for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++)
{
if (0 == (i % 2))
{
if (i == 10)
{
mac_dest = mac_dest.Insert(0, mac_src.Substring(i, 2));
}
else
{
mac_dest = "-" + mac_dest.Insert(0, mac_src.Substring(i, 2));
}
}
}

Response.Write("welcome" + userip + "<br>" + ",the mac address is" + mac_dest + "."

+ "<br>");
}
catch (Exception err)
{
Response.Write(err.Message);
}
}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

For Window Application

public string GetMACAddress()
{
NetworkInterface[] nics = NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces();
String sMacAddress = string.Empty;
foreach (NetworkInterface adapter in nics)
{
if (sMacAddress == String.Empty)// only return MAC Address from first card
{
IPInterfaceProperties properties = adapter.GetIPProperties();
sMacAddress = adapter.GetPhysicalAddress().ToString();
}
} return sMacAddress;

}

Use XML Data For Save in Database

2017-11-10T12:00:00.000+05:30

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[SaveData]
@MH INT,
@TxTest INT,
@ID INT,
@CreatedBy INT,
@strXML VARCHAR(MAX)
AS
BEGIN

SET NOCOUNT ON;

DECLARE @XMLDocHandle INT;

DECLARE @InvestorID INT
SET @ID=(SELECT Id FROM tbl_Test WHERE ID=@ID)

IF(@strXML IS NOT NULL AND @strXML<>'')
BEGIN
EXEC sp_xml_preparedocument @XMLDocHandle OUTPUT, @strXML

CREATE TABLE #temp(ID INT,ClientID INT,InvID INT,Name VARCHAR(100),MaxAmount NVARCHAR(20),BankName NVARCHAR(500),
AN VARCHAR(30),Status VARCHAR(20),CreatedDate DATETIME,CreatedBy VARCHAR(10),StartDate DATETIME)

INSERT INTO #temp
SELECT ID,ClientID,@InvestorID,MName,MA,BName,AN,Status,GETDATE(),@CreatedBy,GETDATE()
FROM OPENXML (@XMLDocHandle, 'NewDataSet/Table1',2)
WITH(
ID VARCHAR(10) 'ID',
ClientID VARCHAR(10) 'ClientID',
MN VARCHAR(100) 'MN',
MA NVARCHAR(20) 'MA',
BN NVARCHAR(500) 'BN',
ANumber VARCHAR(30) 'ANumber',
Status VARCHAR(20) 'Status',
CreatedBy VARCHAR(10) 'CliID'
)

MERGE INTO IMan IM
USING #temp T ON IM.InvestorID=T.InvID
WHEN MATCHED AND IM.InvestorID=T.InvID THEN

UPDATE SET
IM.CliID=T.ClientID,
IM.InID=T.InvestorID,
IM.MName=T.MName
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (ClID,IID,MName,MAmount,BName,ANumber,Status,CreatedDate,CreatedBy,SponsorBank,
SpCode,UCode,CompanyName,Action,DAmount,SOrRefNo,Frequency,UCancelled,CustomerAdditionalInfo,StartDate)
VALUES(T.ClientID,T.InvestorID,T.MandateName,T.MAmount,T.BName,T.ANumber,T.Status,T.CreatedDate,T.CreatedBy,
'HD','Xyz','Xyz','Xyz','Debit','Upto Max Amount',T.MName,'As and when Presented',
1,'NA',T.StartDate);

SELECT 1 'Status'
END

END

ASP.NET Session States in SQL Server Mode

2017-09-11T15:49:00.001+05:30

ASP.NET Session States in SQL Server Mode

1. Run --> Cmd press enter

2. on DOS screen , type "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319" press enter

3. type "aspnet_regsql.exe -S Test_DB -U sa -P bajaj@123 -ssadd -sstype p" press enter

Then ASP State is in Database created.

Then Go to web application and define the session state mode in web.config

<system.web>

<sessionState mode="SQLServer" timeout="30" sqlConnectionString="Data Source=192.168.68.10; User ID=sa;Password=Test@123;" cookieless="false" />

</system.web>

How to import / export excel file using open xml

2015-09-26T15:19:00.000+05:30

Download "DocumentFormat.OpenXml.dll" from website and write following code

protected void btnimport_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

try

{

DataTable dt = new DataTable();

if (fu_File.PostedFile != null)

{

string strtimeStamp = string.Empty;

strtimeStamp = System.DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString();

string fileName = Server.MapPath("~/UploadFile/") + strtimeStamp + "_" + fu_File.FileName;

fu_File.SaveAs(fileName);

string result = obj.GetXML(fileName);

// Check pre-PGI Dt

XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();

doc.LoadXml(result);

XmlNode root = doc.FirstChild;

//Display the contents of the child nodes.

if (root.HasChildNodes)

{

String strConnString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["conString"].ConnectionString;

SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(strConnString);

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

cmd.CommandText = "SaveOrderList";

cmd.Parameters.Add("@xmlData", SqlDbType.NVarChar).Value = result;

cmd.Parameters.Add("@UploadedBy", SqlDbType.NVarChar).Value = 1;

cmd.Connection = con;

try

{

con.Open();

cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

lblMessage.Text = "Record has been successfully inserted";

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

throw ex;

}

else

{

lblMessage.Text = "No Record has been available for insert";

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

lblMessage.Text = "! Error:" + ex.Message;

}

protected void btnexport_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

try

{

SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["conString"].ConnectionString);

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter();

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

cmd = new SqlCommand("GetOrderList", con);

cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);

da.Fill(ds);

con.Close();

DataTable table = new DataTable();

table = ds.Tables[0];

obj.DataTableToExcel(table);

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

lblMessage.Text = "Error: " + ex.Message;

}

Add class

public class ConvertExcelToXml

{

/// <summary>

/// Read Data from selected excel file into DataTable

/// </summary>

/// <param name="filename">Excel File Path</param>

/// <returns></returns>

public DataTable ReadExcelFile(string filename)

{

// Initialize an instance of DataTable

DataTable dt = new DataTable();

try

{

// Use SpreadSheetDocument class of Open XML SDK to open excel file

using (SpreadsheetDocument spreadsheetDocument = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(filename, false))

{

// Get Workbook Part of Spread Sheet Document

WorkbookPart workbookPart = spreadsheetDocument.WorkbookPart;

// Get all sheets in spread sheet document

IEnumerable<Sheet> sheetcollection = spreadsheetDocument.WorkbookPart.Workbook.GetFirstChild<Sheets>().Elements<Sheet>();

// Get relationship Id

string relationshipId = sheetcollection.First().Id.Value;

// Get sheet1 Part of Spread Sheet Document

WorksheetPart worksheetPart = (WorksheetPart)spreadsheetDocument.WorkbookPart.GetPartById(relationshipId);

// Get Data in Excel file

SheetData sheetData = worksheetPart.Worksheet.Elements<SheetData>().First();

IEnumerable<Row> rowcollection = sheetData.Descendants<Row>();

if (rowcollection.Count() == 0)

{

return dt;

}

// Add columns

foreach (Cell cell in rowcollection.ElementAt(0))

{

string CellText = GetValueOfCell(spreadsheetDocument, cell);

CellText = CellText.Replace(" ", "O"); // All space of excel sheet header replaced by 'O'

while (true)

{

if (dt.Columns.IndexOf(CellText) >= 0)

{

CellText += "_1";

continue;

}

break;

}

dt.Columns.Add(CellText);

}

dt.Columns.Add("Last");

//foreach (Cell cell in rowcollection.ElementAt(0))

//{

// dt.Columns.Add(GetValueOfCell(spreadsheetDocument, cell));

//}

// Add rows into DataTable

foreach (Row row in rowcollection)

{

DataRow temprow = dt.NewRow();

int columnIndex = 0;

foreach (Cell cell in row.Descendants<Cell>())

{

// Get Cell Column Index

int cellColumnIndex = GetColumnIndex(GetColumnName(cell.CellReference));

if (columnIndex < cellColumnIndex)

{

temprow[columnIndex] = string.Empty;

columnIndex++;

}

while (columnIndex < cellColumnIndex);

}

temprow[columnIndex] = GetValueOfCell(spreadsheetDocument, cell);

columnIndex++;

}

// Add the row to DataTable

// the rows include header row

dt.Rows.Add(temprow);

}

// Here remove header row

dt.Rows.RemoveAt(0);

return dt;

}

catch (IOException ex)

{

throw new IOException(ex.Message);

}

/// <summary>

/// Get Value of Cell

/// </summary>

/// <param name="spreadsheetdocument">SpreadSheet Document Object</param>

/// <param name="cell">Cell Object</param>

/// <returns>The Value in Cell</returns>

private static string GetValueOfCell(SpreadsheetDocument spreadsheetdocument, Cell cell)

{

// Get value in Cell

SharedStringTablePart sharedString = spreadsheetdocument.WorkbookPart.SharedStringTablePart;

if (cell.CellValue == null)

{

return string.Empty;

}

string cellValue = cell.CellValue.InnerText;

// The condition that the Cell DataType is SharedString

if (cell.DataType != null && cell.DataType.Value == CellValues.SharedString)

{

return sharedString.SharedStringTable.ChildElements[int.Parse(cellValue)].InnerText;

}

else

{

return cellValue;

}

/// <summary>

/// Get Column Name From given cell name

/// </summary>

/// <param name="cellReference">Cell Name(For example,A1)</param>

/// <returns>Column Name(For example, A)</returns>

private string GetColumnName(string cellReference)

{

// Create a regular expression to match the column name of cell

Regex regex = new Regex("[A-Za-z]+");

Match match = regex.Match(cellReference);

return match.Value;

}

/// <summary>

/// Get Index of Column from given column name

/// </summary>

/// <param name="columnName">Column Name(For Example,A or AA)</param>

/// <returns>Column Index</returns>

private int GetColumnIndex(string colName)

{

string columnName = colName.ToLowerInvariant();

int columnIndex = 0;

//int factor = 1;

//// From right to left

//for (int position = columnName.Length - 1; position >= 0; position--)

//{

// // For letters

// if (Char.IsLetter(columnName[position]))

// {

// columnIndex += factor * ((columnName[position] - 'A') + 1) - 1;

// factor *= 26;

// }

//}

string s = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";

if (columnName.Length == 1)

{

columnIndex = s.IndexOf(columnName);

}

else

{

char[] parts = new char[] { columnName[0], columnName[1] };

columnIndex = s.IndexOf(parts[0]);

columnIndex += (26 * (s.IndexOf(parts[0]) + 1) + s.IndexOf(parts[1]));

}

return columnIndex;

}

/// <summary>

/// Convert DataTable to Xml format

/// </summary>

/// <param name="filename">Excel File Path</param>

/// <returns>Xml format string</returns>

public string GetXML(string filename)

{

try

{

DataTable dt = new DataTable();

dt = this.ReadExcelFile(filename);

int ColIndex = dt.Columns.IndexOf("pre-PGIODt");

dt.Rows.Cast<DataRow>().Where(r => Convert.ToString(r.ItemArray[ColIndex]).Length == 0).ToList().ForEach(r => r.Delete());// Delete Blank Rows (QC is empty);

DataTable dtMain = dt.DefaultView.ToTable(false, "Plnt", "SalesODoc.", "NameO1", "CustomerOpurchaseOorderOno", "Description", "OOOrderOqty", "Delivery", "Ac.GIOdate", "pre-PGIODt", "OOOOOOWBSOElement");

using (DataSet ds = new DataSet())

{

ds.Tables.Add(dtMain);

return ds.GetXml();

}

catch (Exception)

{

throw;

}

/// <summary>

/// convert datatable into excel file.

/// </summary>

/// <param name="dt"></param>

public void DataTableToExcel(DataTable dt)

{

DataView dataView = ConvertToDataView(dt);

string theString = string.Empty;

ASCIIEncoding objEncoding = null;

HttpResponse objHttpResponse = null;

int i = 0;

objHttpResponse = HttpContext.Current.Response;

objHttpResponse.Clear();

objHttpResponse.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", ("attachment;filename=" + "SLIRequest.xls"));

objHttpResponse.ContentType = "application/ms-excel";

if ((dataView != null) && (dataView.Table.Rows.Count > 0))

{

theString = ConvertDataViewToString(dataView, "", "\t");

theString = theString.Replace('"', ' ');

}

if (theString.Length <= 0)

{

theString = "Data not found.";

}

objEncoding = new ASCIIEncoding();

i = objEncoding.GetByteCount(theString);

objHttpResponse.AddHeader("Content-Length", i.ToString());

objHttpResponse.BinaryWrite(objEncoding.GetBytes(theString));

objHttpResponse.Charset = "";

objHttpResponse.End();

}

/// <summary>

/// convert datatable to dataview

/// </summary>

/// <param name="dt"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

DataView ConvertToDataView(DataTable dt)

{

DataView dv = new DataView(dt);

return dv;

}

/// <summary>

/// convert dataview to string

/// </summary>

/// <param name="srcDataView"></param>

/// <param name="Delimiter"></param>

/// <param name="Separator"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

public static string ConvertDataViewToString(DataView srcDataView, string Delimiter, string Separator)

{

StringBuilder objStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();

objStringBuilder.Length = 0;

foreach (DataColumn column in srcDataView.Table.Columns)

{

if ((Delimiter != null) && (Delimiter.Trim().Length > 0))

{

objStringBuilder.Append(Delimiter);

}

objStringBuilder.Append(column.ColumnName);

if ((Delimiter != null) && (Delimiter.Trim().Length > 0))

{

objStringBuilder.Append(Delimiter);

}

objStringBuilder.Append(Separator);

}

if (objStringBuilder.Length > Separator.Trim().Length)

{

objStringBuilder.Length -= Separator.Trim().Length;

}

objStringBuilder.Append(Environment.NewLine);

foreach (DataRowView theDataRowView in srcDataView)

{

foreach (DataColumn theDataColumn2 in srcDataView.Table.Columns)

{

if ((Delimiter != null) && (Delimiter.Trim().Length > 0))

{

objStringBuilder.Append(Delimiter);

}

objStringBuilder.Append(RuntimeHelpers.GetObjectValue(theDataRowView[theDataColumn2.ColumnName]));

if ((Delimiter != null) && (Delimiter.Trim().Length > 0))

{

objStringBuilder.Append(Delimiter);

}

objStringBuilder.Append(Separator);

}

objStringBuilder.Length--;

objStringBuilder.Append("\r\n");

}

if (objStringBuilder != null)

{

return objStringBuilder.ToString();

}

else

{

return string.Empty;

}

How to Show Process Loader Using Ajax

2015-03-31T12:22:00.005+05:30

How to Show Process Loader Using Ajax

Add AjaxControlToolKit

How to Show Process Loader Using Ajax
-------------------------------------

CSS
---------------------------------------
<style>
        .ModalWindowsmallDUP {
            border: solid 1px #c0c0c0;
            text-transform: capitalize;
            background-color: #fff;
            overflow: hidden;
            width: 460px;
            height: auto;
            border: 1px solid #124191;
        }

        .modalBackground {
            background-color: Gray;
            filter: alpha(opacity=70);
            opacity: 0.7;
        }
    </style>
----------------------------------------
Javascript Script
----------------------------------------
<script type="text/javascript">
        $(document).ready(function () {
            var prm = Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager.getInstance();
            prm.add_beginRequest(BeginRequestHandler);//for progress
            prm.add_endRequest(EndRequestHandler);//for progress
            function BeginRequestHandler(sender, args) {
                //Shows the modal popup - the update progress
                $find("ModalBehaviour").show();
            }
            function EndRequestHandler(sender, args) {
                //for progress
                $find("ModalBehaviour").hide();
            }
        });
        var i = 0;
           function DisableBackButton() {
            window.history.forward()
        }
        DisableBackButton();
        window.onload = DisableBackButton;
        window.onpageshow = function (evt) { if (evt.persisted) DisableBackButton() }
        window.onunload = function () { void (0) }
    </script>

----------------------------------------------
Model PopUp Div
----------------------------------------------
<div style="text-align: center">
                <cc1:ModalPopupExtender ID="MPopupdup" runat="server" TargetControlID="btnDup" PopupControlID="divdup"
                    DropShadow="false" BackgroundCssClass="modalBackground" BehaviorID="ModalBehaviour">
                </cc1:ModalPopupExtender>
                <asp:Button ID="btnDup" runat="server" Style="display: none;" />
                <div id="divdup" runat="server" class="ModalWindowsmallDUP" style="display: none;left: 617.5px; top: 186.5px; text-transform: none; width: 115px;">
                    <asp:Panel ID="Panel1" runat="server">
                        <table border="0" style="width: 100%">
                            <tr>
                                <td>
                                    <table border="0" style="width: 100%">
                                        <tr>
                                            <td valign="middle" style="text-align: center; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial">
                                                <img src="images/preLoader.gif" alt="" />
                                            </td>

                                        </tr>

                                    </table>
                                </td>
                            </tr>
                        </table>
                    </asp:Panel>
                </div>
            </div>

How to Get Start date and EndDate of Week in Sql Server

2014-10-16T16:03:00.001+05:30

DECLARE @REPORT_DATE DATETIME
SELECT @REPORT_DATE = '2014-10-16'
DECLARE @WEEK_START_DATE DATETIME, @WEEK_END_DATE DATETIME
--GET THE WEEK START DATE
SELECT @WEEK_START_DATE = @REPORT_DATE - (DATEPART(DW, @REPORT_DATE) - 1)

--GET THE WEEK END DATE
SELECT @WEEK_END_DATE = @REPORT_DATE + (7 - DATEPART(DW, @REPORT_DATE))

PRINT 'Week Start: ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR, @WEEK_START_DATE)
PRINT 'Week End: ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR, @WEEK_END_DATE)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.GetBusinessWeekStart(
    @Year SMALLINT,
    @Week TINYINT
)
RETURNS DATETIME
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @FirstMonday TINYINT
    DECLARE @Result DATETIME

    IF ISNULL(@Week,0)<1 OR ISNULL(@Year,0)<1900
        BEGIN
            SET @Result= NULL;
        END
    ELSE
        BEGIN
            SET @FirstMonday=1

            WHILE DATEPART(dw,CONVERT(DATETIME, '01/0' + CONVERT(VARCHAR,@FirstMonday) + '/' + CONVERT(VARCHAR,@Year)))<>2
            BEGIN
                SET @FirstMonday=@FirstMonday+1
            END

            SET @Result=CONVERT(DATETIME, '01/0' + CONVERT(VARCHAR,@FirstMonday) + '/' + CONVERT(VARCHAR,@Year))
            SET @Result=DATEADD(d,(@Week-1)*7,@Result)

            IF DATEPART(yyyy,@Result)<>@Year
                BEGIN
                    SET @Result= NULL;
                END
        END

    RETURN @Result
END
GO

SELECT dbo.GetBusinessWeekStart(2011,15) [Start],dbo.GetBusinessWeekStart(2011,15)+6 [End]

Exploring IIS 6.0 With ASP.NET And Process of IIS Server

2014-09-26T11:42:00.000+05:30

Introduction

In the past, I have written a few articles for beginners and had got a very good response from all readers. This time I have planned to write an article on IIS 6.0 and Integration of IIS with ASP.NET. I have worked on IIS 5.1, IIS 6.0, and IIS 7.0. Though the purpose of all IIS servers are the same, they are very different in their architecture and use. Don't worry, I am not going to explain the differences of those three versions of IIS. The purpose of this article is completely different. While answering in the ASP.NET forum, I found many questions on deploying websites, the security settings of IIS, different authentication types, Application Pool, recycling of application pool, etc. This is an "All in One" article for IIS. This will help beginners know what IIS is, how to install IIS, how to deploy sites on IIS, create an Application Pool, web garden, etc. This article is all about IIS 6.0. If anybody is interested in IIS 7.0, please read the article Deploying ASP.NET Websites on IIS 7.0. Please give your valuable suggestions and feedback to improve this article.

What is a Web Server

Visual Studio has its own ASP.NET engine which is responsible for running your web application so you don't have any problems running an ASP.NET application from the VS IDE. When you want to host your site for others to access, the concept of a "Web Server" comes into picture. A web server is responsible for providing a response to requests that come from clients. So when multiple users come in, multiple requests also come in and the web server will have a response for each of them. IIS (Internet Information Server) is one of the most powerful web servers from Microsoft that is used to host ASP.NET web applications. IIS has its own ASP.NET Process to handle ASP.NET requests. If you look at this picture:

IIS Server Overview

The first client will make a request to the web server (IIS), the web server checks the request and will pass the request to the ASP.NET Process (don't get confused here, I have explained the details), the ASP.NET process engine will process the request and pass the response to the client via the web server. One of the major roles of IIS is handling each and every request. Don't worry, I have explained each and everything in more detail later. So far I hope it is clear why we are using a web server.

Introduction to IIS

IIS 6.0 provides a redesigned World Wide Web Publishing Service architecture that can help you achieve better performance, reliability, scalability, and security for your web sites. In this section, I have described an overview of IIS and an installation guide for IIS 6.0.

Overview of IIS

Internet Information Server is one of the most powerful web servers provided by Microsoft that is able to host and run your web applications. IIS supports the following protocols: FTP, FTPS, SMTP, NNTP, HTTP/HTTPS. We can host our web sites on IIS, we can use it as an FTP site also. For more information, click here.

IIS Version in Different OSs

Below is a list of IIS versions that support the following Oerating Systems:

Operating System	IIS Version
Windows Server 2008	IIS 7.0
Windows Vista - Home Premium/ Ultimate	IIS 7.0
Windows Server 2003	IIS 6.0
Windows XP Professional	IIS 5.1
Windows 2000 Server IIS 5.0	IIS 5.0

How to Install IIS 6.0

Installation of IIS is very similar to installing any other system application from the Control Panel. We have to start navigation from Control Panel > Add/Remove Programs, then select Add/Remove Windows Component. Follow the screen given below.

IIS installation

Select "Application Server" from the checkbox list. This will open a new window, select IIS, and click on OK.

IIS installation selection

This will initiate IIS installation. The OS will show a continuous progress bar during installation and will show a final message after installation is complete.

IIS installation progress

Note: During the installation period, it may ask for some OS files. You need to provide the paths for them. After successful installation of IIS, go to Start > Run > Inetmgr to launch IIS. The below screen will appear, which indicates that IIS has been successfully installed in your system.

IIS installed successfully

IIS 6.0 Process Model and Request Processing

Before starting with a virtual directory and Application Pool and all other stuff, let us have a quick look into the IIS 6.0 Process module and IIS request processing. This topic is a huge one. Here I am just giving you an overview.
We can divide the whole architecture into two layers.

Kernel Mode

HTTP.SYS

User Mode

Web Admin Service
Virtual Directory
Application Pool

IIS 6.0 Process module

As per the above diagram, IIS has two modes, Kernel and User. HTTP.SYS is the heart of kernel mode which accepts raw requests from the client and pass it to a particular application pool. Below are the steps of IIS request processing.

Client requests for a page from the browser by hitting the site URL.
Request comes to kernel level. HTTP.SYS catches the requests and creates a separate queue for each and every application pool.

Note

A request coming to the application pool means the worker process (w3wp.exe) starts action by loading the ISAPI Filter.
Based on the requested resource, w3wp.exe loads "aspnet_isapi.dll" for an APSX page and starts an HTTPRuntime which is the entry point of an application.
Then the HttpRuntime.ProcessRequest method signals the start of processing.
The HttpContext object represents the context of the currently active request, as it contains references to objects you can access during the request lifetime, such as Request, Response, Application, Server, and Cache.
The HttpRuntime creates a pool of HttpApplication objects.
The request passes through the HTTP Pipeline.
HTTP Modules are executed against the request until the request hits the ASP.NET page HTTP Handler.
Once the request leaves the HTTP Pipeline, the Page life cycle starts.

If you want to know the details of IIS request processing, I will suggest you read the article ASP.NET Internals: Request Architecture.

Deploying Your Web Sites on IIS

In this section, I discuss how to host a site on IIS, how to create a virtual directory, configure a virtual directory, etc. Let's start with virtual directory creation.

Creating a Virtual Directory

There are various way to host a web application on IIS. Visual Studio has some inbuilt features to host and create a virtual directory on IIS directly. Here is one of my articles on hosting a site on IIS from Visual Studio. But in this section, Idiscuss the basic steps for creating a virtual directory.
First, right click on Default web sites > New > Virtual Directory.

Virtual directory creation

By selecting "Virtual Directory...", the virtual directory creation wizard will start. Click on "Next".

Virtual directory creation

Give the "Alias" name and proceed for "Next". The alias name is your virtual directory name.

Virtual directory creation

As its name implies, a "virtual directory" does not contain any physical file. We need to define the physical file path that it will refer to. We have to browse the physical path over here.

Virtual directory creation

Now based on your requirements, you can select the check boxes and click on "Next". Generally, we select only the "Read" option.

Virtual directory creation: Permission settings

Below is a list of permissions that we can use:

Read: It is the most basic and is mandatory to access webpages of your application.
Run Scripts: It is required for ASPX pages, not for static HTML pages because ASPX pages need more permissions so they could conceivably perform operations.
Execute: This allows the user to run an ordinary executable file or CGI application. This can be a security risk so only allow when it is really needed.
Write: It allows to add, modify, or remove files from the web server. This should never be allowed.
Browse: This allows one to retrieve a full list of files in a virtual directory even if the contents of the files are restricted. It is generally disabled.

You are done! The virtual directory has been created successfully. You will get a final message. Click on "Finish" to close the window and move forward.

Virtual directory creation: Finish

There are other alternative options that you can use for creating a virtual directory.

Copy the physical directory to the wwwroot folder.
Physical Folder Properties > Web Sharing.

Configure Virtual Directory

The items listed below are very important for the configuration of any web application.

Virtual Directory
Documents
Documents
ASP.NET
Directory Security
Custom Errors

I have explained each of them step by step. Apart from them, a Virtual Directory can have settings like BITS Server Extension, HTTP Header, etc. I haven't covered those in this article. Let us start with the "Virtual Directory" tab.

Virtual Directory

This is the most important configuration section for a virtual directory. To open this tab, we need to select the newly created virtual directory.

Virtual directory configuration

Right click on it > Properties. The below screen will come up:

Virtual directory properties

Here we can change the local path (physical path). Before looking into other stuff, first look into the "Application Settings" section. It seems the application name is disabled. So first we need to click the "Create" button, which will enable the rest of the settings. Check the below image.

Virtual directory creation

Here we can change the execution setting and application pool name. Choosing "None" for Execute Permission will restrict the access to the web site. Now we will move to the "Documents" tab.

Documents

The Documents tab is used to set the default page of your web application. We can add or remove the page name in this section. To configure, we have to move to the "Documents" tab.

Virtual directory creation

This is useful when you want to access the site directly with the virtual directory name. For example, if your virtual directory name is "mywebsite" and your home page name is "home.aspx", then you can access the page as follows:

Collapse | Copy Code

http://<ip>/mywebsite/home.aspx

but if you define home.aspx in the Documents section, you need to only use this at the address bar to access the site:

Collapse | Copy Code

http://<ip>/mywebsite

ASP.NET

If IIS is registered with multiple .NET Framework versions, the ASP.NET version dropdown list shows all of them. But based on the application, we need to change the framework version. E.g.: If our application was developed in .NET 2.0, then the version should be 2.0.X.X.

ASP.NET version selection

Tip: If .NET Framework is already installed in your system when you are installing IIS, then ASP.NET will not be registered with IIS. So if you host an application on IIS, it will not work. To register IIS with the ASP.NET version, you need to run the aspnet_regiis -i command from the command prompt. This will automatically register the .NET Framework with your IIS.
For more info, please read this.

Directory Security

Directory security enables all kinds of security access for your web application. For directory, we need to move to the "Directory Security" tab.

Directory security settings

Click on the "Edit" button to modify the directory security settings. After clicking on the Edit button, the below screen will come up.

Directory security settings

Below are the commonly used IIS security settings:

Anonymous
Integrated Windows Authentication
Basic Authentication
Digest Authentication

Anonymous

Anonymous authentication means the site is accessible to all. This is the default authentication mode for any site that is hosted on IIS, and it runs under the "IUSR_[ServerName]" account. We can change it by clicking on the "Browse" button.

Integrated Windows Authentication

This authentication mode is generally used for Intranet sites. Users are authenticated from the Active Directory. Integrated Windows authentication is also known as NTLM authentication. If browser settings automatically login for trusted sites for Windows authentication then the site will be logged in automatically with the Windows user credentials.

Basic Authentication

This is supported by all browsers and is a part of the HTTP standard. This shows a login dialog control which accepts the user name and password. The user ID and password are passed to IIS to authenticate the user from the Windows credentials.

Digest Authentication

The disadvantages of Basic authentication mode is that it sends a password as plain text. Digest authentication does almost the same thing as basic authentication but it sends the "hash" of the password rather than sending plain text.
Integrated Windows, Basic Authentication, and Digest Authentication use Active Directory to authenticate the user.
Note: There are many things related with IIS and ASP.NET Security configuration. I am not covering all these in detail. I am just giving a brief overview so that you are comfortable with all this stuff.
For configuring SSL, please read the reference link that I have provided in the References section.

Custom Errors

The Custom Errors tab allows us to specify the error page that will be displayed for any specific type of HTTP Error.

Directory security settings

We can also customize the setting at our application level by configuring the web.config settings or changing the htm file path by clicking on the "Edit" button.
This is all about the basic overview of creation of virtual directories and setting up. Hope you are now comfortable with all this stuff.

Application Pool

Application pool is the heart of a website. An Application Pool can contain multiple web sites. Application pools are used to separate sets of IIS worker processes that share the same configuration. Application pools enable us to isolate our web application for better security, reliability, and availability. The worker process serves as the process boundary that separates each application pool so that when a worker process or application is having an issue or recycles, other applications or worker processes are not affected.

Application pool - IIS

Generally we do it in our production environment. The main advantages of using an application pool is the isolation of worker processes to differentiate sites and we can customize the configuration for each application to achieve a certain level of performance. The maximum number of application pools that is supported by IIS is 2000.
In this section, I have discussed about the creation of application pools, application pool settings, and assigning an application pool to a web site.

How to Create an Application Pool?

Application pool creation in IIS 6.0 is a very simple task. There are two different ways by which we can create an application pool. There is a pre-defined application pool available in IIS 6.0, called "DefaultApplicationPool". Below are the two ways to create an application pool:

Create New Application Pool
Create From Existing Configuration File

Create a New Application Pool

First of all, we need to open the IIS Configuration Manager. Then right click on Application Pool and go to New > Application Pool.

Create new application pool

The below screen will appear, where we need to mention the application pool name.

New application pool name

When we create a new application pool, we can use the default application setting for it. The selection of "Default Settings" means by default the application pool setting will be the same as the IIS default settings. If we want to use the configuration of an existing application pool, we need to select the section option "Use existing application pool as template". Selecting this option will enable the application pool name dropdown.

Application pool template selection

If we select an existing application pool as a template, the newly created application pool should have the same configuration of the template application pool. This reduces the time for application pool configuration.
That is all about creating a new application pool. Now let us have a look at the creation of an application pool from an existing XML configuration file.

Create From Existing Configuration File

We can save the configuration of an application pool into an XML file and create a new application pool from that. This is very useful during the configuration of an application pool in a Web Farm where you have multiple web servers and you need to configure the application pool for each and every server. When you are running your web application on a Load Balancer, you need to uniquely configure your application pool.
So first of all, you need to save the application pool configuration in a server. Check the below image for details.

Application pool template selection

During this operation, we can set the password for the configuration file which will be asked during the import of the application pool on another server. When we click on "Save Configuration to a file", the below screen will appear.

Save configuration as XML file

Where we need to provide the file name and location. If we want, we can set a password to encrypt the XML file. Below is a part of that XML:

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Location ="inherited:/LM/W3SVC/AppPools/StateServerAppPool"
AdminACL="49634462f0000000a4000000400b1237aecdc1b1c110e38d00"
AllowKeepAlive="TRUE"
AnonymousUserName="IUSR_LocalSystem"
AnonymousUserPass="496344627000000024d680000000076c20200000000"
AppAllowClientDebug="FALSE"
AppAllowDebugging="FALSE"
AppPoolId="DefaultAppPool"
AppPoolIdentityType="2"
AppPoolQueueLength="1000"
AspAllowOutOfProcComponents="TRUE"
AspAllowSessionState="TRUE"
AspAppServiceFlags="0" 
AspBufferingLimit="4194304"
AspBufferingOn="TRUE"
AspCalcLineNumber="TRUE"
AspCodepage="0"pre>

Now we can create a new application pool for this configuration file. While creating a new application pool, we have to select the "Application Pool ( From File )" option as shown in the below figure.

Application pool creation from a configuration file

When we select this option, a screen will come where we need to enter the file name and the password of that file.

Application pool creation from configuration file

Select the file and click on the "Read File" button. This will show you the imported application pool name. Click "OK" to import the full configuration.

Application pool creation from configuration file

Here we need to mention the new application pool name or we can have another option where we can replace an existing application pool. For moving ahead, we need to provide the password.

Password to import application pool configuration

This is the last step for creating a new application pool from an existing configuration file.

Configure Application Pool Properties

This is one of the most important tasks for web server configuration and this is important when we are hosting on a production server. As I have already discussed, the application pool is the heart of any web application hosted on IIS. We need to know each and every configuration of the application pool. To start configuration, we need to go to the Properties of the application pool.

Application pool properties

We need to configure the following things in the application pool:

Recycling
Performance
Health
Identity

Recycling

Recycling the application pool means recycling the worker process (w3wp.exe) and the memory used for the web application. It is a very good practice to recycle the worker process periodically, which wll keep the application running smooth. There are two types of recycling related with the application pool:

Recycling Worker Process - Predefined settings
Recycling Worker Process - Based on memory

Recycling Worker Process - Predefined Settings

Worker process recycling is the replacing of the instance of the application in memory. IIS 6.0 can automatically recycle worker processes by restarting the worker processes that are assigned to an application pool and associated with websites. This improves web site performance and keeps web sites up and running smoothly.

Application pool recycling- Worker process

There are three types of settings available for recycling worker processes:

In minutes
Number of requests
At a given time

Recycle Worker Process (In Minutes)

We can set a specific time period after which a worker process will be recycled. IIS will take care of all the current running requests.

Recycle Worker Process (Number of Requests)

We can configure an application with a given number of requests. Once IIS reaches that limit, the worker process will be recycled automatically.

Recycle Worker Process (In Minutes)

If we want to recycle the worker process at any given time, we can do that configuration on IIS. We can also set multiple times for this.

Application pool recycling - Worker process: Time setting

Recycling Worker Process - Based on Memory

Server memory is a big concern for any web application. Sometimes we need to clean up a worker process based on the memory consumed by it. There are two types of settings that we can configure in the application pool to recycle a worker process based on memory consumption. These are:

Maximum virtual memory used
Maximum used memory

Application pool recycling - Worker process.

At any time, if the worker process consumes the specified memory (at memory recycling settings), it will be recycled automatically.

What Happens During Application Pool Recycling

This is quite an interesting question. Based on the above settings, an application pool can be recycled any time. So what happens to the users who are accessing the site at that time? We do not need to worry about that. This process is transparent from the client. When you recycle an application pool, HTTP.SYS holds onto the client connection in kernel mode while the user mode worker process recycles. After the process recycles, HTTP.SYS transparently routes the new requests to the new worker process.

Performance

Moving to the Performance tab in the Properties dialog box results in the following output.

Application pool performance

To improve the performance of a web application, we can setup the performance settings of the application pool. We can set the shut down time of the worker process based on the ideal time. The worker process will be shut down at a given time period if it is ideal. Whenever a new requests comes, it will live again. Another important thing for improving the performance is "Web Garden".

Web Garden

Overview of Web Garden

By default, each application pool runs with a single worker process (W3Wp.exe). We can assign multiple worker processes with a single application pool. An application pool with multiple worker processes is called a Web Garden. Many worker processes with the same application pool can sometimes provide better throughput performance and application response time. And each worker process should have its own thread and memory space.

Web Garden (Application pool with multiple worker processes)

As Shown in the picture, in IIS Server, there may be multiple application pools and each application pool has at least a single worker process. A Web Garden should contain multiple worker processes.
There are certain restrictions in using a Web Garden with your web application. If we use Session Mode as "in proc", our application will not work correctly because the Session will be handled by a different worker process. To avoid this, we should use Session Mode as "out proc" and we can use "Session State Server" or "SQL-Server Session State".

How to Create a Web Garden?

We need to increase the number of worker processes on the Performance tab.

Web garden creation

Main advantage: The worker processes in a web garden share the requests that arrive for that particular application pool. If a worker process fails, another worker process can continue processing the requests.

Health

Now we move to the "Health" tab. When wel select the "Health" tab, it will show the following screen:

Health monitoring setting

IIS provides a couple of settings to improve the health of an application pool. There are also a few settings for measuring the worker process health. These are:

Enable Pinging
Enable Rapid-fail protection
Startup time limit
Shutdown time limit

Enable Pinging

This property specifies whether the WWW Publishing Service should periodically monitor the health of a worker process. Checking this option indicates to the WWW service to monitor the worker processes to ensure that worker processes are running and healthy. By default, it sets to 30s. This is also needed to check if a service is staying ideal or not. If it is ideal it can be shutdown until the next request comes. The Windows Activation Process maintains all this stuff.

Enable Rapid-fail Protection

When enabling Rapid Fail Protection, the application pool is shut down if there are a specified number of worker process crashing within a specified time period. When this happens, the WWW Publishing Service puts all applications in the application pool "out of service".
Failure Count: The default value for failure count is 5 minutes. This property specifies the maximum number of failures allowed within the number of minutes specified by the "Time Period" property before the application pool is shut down by Rapid Fail Protection. If the number of failure is more than the specified in a given time, the application pool should be put on "out of service mode".
Time period: This property specifies the number of minutes before the failure count for a process is reset. By default, it is set to 5 minutes.

Startup time limit

The Start up time limit property specifies the amount of time that the WWW Publishing Service should wait for a worker process to finish starting up and reporting to the WWW Service. In general it means the time taken to start a worker process.

Shutdown time limit

This is the shutdown time for a worker process. This is the time required to execute all old running worker process requests before it shuts down during recycle time.

Identity

This is the last and final setting for an application pool. An application pool has three types of identity: "Network Service" is the default Identify. "defaultappPool" also runs under the "Network Service" Identity. Below are the listed application pool identities with description:

Identity	Description
`LocalSystem`	A built-in account that has administrative privileges on the server. It can access both local and remote resources. For any kind accessing of server files or resources, we have to set the Identity of the application pool to Local System.
`LocalServices`	Built-in account has privileges of an authenticated local user account. It does not have any network access permission.
`NetworkServices`	This is the default Identity of an application pool. `NetworkServices` has privileges of an authenticated local user account.

Navigating to the Identity tab will show the following screen:

Application pool identity configuration

We can also configure the application pool under a given user account. For that, we need to select the "Configurable" option on "Identity" tab.
This is all about the application pool. Hope now you have a very good understanding on what application pool is, how to create and configure the application pool.
Q: You are using a file upload control in your web application and it is working fine on Visual Studio but when you host the same code on IIS, it is not working. This is a very common problem in web hosting when file upload is involved.
A: When a web application runs under Visual Studio - ASP.NET engine integrated with visual studio takes care of all the executions. And this engine has sufficient rights so that it can write data on your disk. But when you host the site on IIS, as I have already mentioned, it runs under the "Network Services" Identity, which has very minimum rights on your system. The user can only have read access on the site. So for resolving file upload issues, you need to change the Identity of the application pool from "Network Service" to "Local System". Local System identity means the client can have write access on your hard drive. This will resolve your issue of file uploading on the server.
You can also resolve this issue by giving Write access permission to the file destination folder for "Everyone".

Enabling Web Service Extension

IIS 6.0 provides a certain type of configuration from where we can enable/disable web service extensions. If we want to prohibit/restrict any kind of extension, we need to select the extension and click on the "Prohibit" button.

Web Service extension vonfiguration

Note: If the ASP.NET v 2.0.X.XXXX extension is prohibited over here, you will not be able to access the site which is running on .NET 2.0.

Debugging Your Application That Hosted on IIS

If your site is hosted on IIS and we want to debug the site, the main thing that we need to do is attach a worker process with Visual Studio. There are two possible scenarios for debugging from IIS:

Site is hosted on local IIS server: Local IIS debugging
Site is hosted on remote IIS server: Remote IIS debugging

I have already published two complete articles on CodeProject on the above topic. Please refer to those for details.

Summary

To summarize, this article is for beginners who are trying to learn about IIS. This article gives a complete coverage of IIS, hosting sites on IIS, application pool creation, etc. I have also mentioned a few tips which are very commonly used in dealing with IIS. Hope this will help beginners struggling with site hosting on IIS and configuring it. There are so many things related with IIS and it is not possible to mention all of them in a single article. This is just an overview. I hope that in future I will publish a few more articles on IIS in detail. Please give your valuable feedback and suggestions in order to improve the article. Thank you.

My IIS Articles @ CodeProject

Below are a few articles on IIS that I have published at CodeProject:

Deploying ASP.NET Websites on IIS 7.0
Debug Your ASP.NET Application Hosted on IIS: Process Attach and Identify Which Process to Attach
Remote IIS Debugging: Debug Your ASP.NET Application Hosted on a "Remote IIS Server"

Reference and Further Study

IIS 6.0 Architecture
IIS 6.0 Process Model
IIS 6.0 Request Processing
ASP.NET Internals - Request Processing
Deploying a Site on IIS
Application Pool Health Monitoring
Application Pool Health Check
IIS Internals
More About Application Pools
SSL Configuration in IIS

Here are some good tutorials for FTP configuration on IIS. These may be very helpful for beginners:

Creating and Configuring FTP Sites in Windows Server 2003
How to Set Up an FTP Server in Windows Server 2003

Disable Right Click Button on aspx page

2014-09-17T15:48:00.000+05:30

If u want to restrict any user not to copy ur website content so you use this script in tag

var message = "Right Click not allowed!";

function clickIE4(){

if (event.button==2){

alert(message);

return false;

}

function clickNS4(e){

if (document.layers||document.getElementById&&!document.all){

if (e.which==2||e.which==3){

alert(message);

return false;

}

if (document.layers){

document.captureEvents(Event.MOUSEDOWN);

document.onmousedown=clickNS4;

}

else if (document.all&&!document.getElementById){

document.onmousedown=clickIE4;

}

document.oncontextmenu=new Function("alert(message);return false")

</script>

How to get the value of Textbox, CheckBoxlist, RadioButtonList, ListBox, DropDownList in javascript

2014-09-17T15:46:00.000+05:30

Introduction

This Article explains you how to Raise Client Click Events for Server Controls
usage:
1.Attribute 'OnClientClick':-The OnClientClick property is used to sets a client side script or Method to be run when the Button control is clicked.
eg:OnClientClick ="return javascriptMethod()"
2.getElementById():-It is used to get the Elements in a form.This method takes an argument to access elements with a unique id attribute.
eg:document.getElementById ("textbox1");
3)getElementsByTagName():-This method takes in as argument the name of a tag element and returns an array of all matching tags elements found in the document.
eg:document.getElementsByTagName("Label");
How to get the value of textbox in javascript ?
in .aspx source code

<head runat="server">

    <title>Untitled Page</title>

    <script type ="text/javascript">

    function getTxt()

     var txt=document.getElementById("TextBox1");

     alert(txt.value);

    </script>

</head>

<body>

    <form id="form1" runat="server">

    <div>

        <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox1" runat="server" Height="16px" Style="z-index: 100; left: 176px;position: absolute; top: 32px" Width="96px"></asp:TextBox>

  <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Font-Bold="True" Style="z-index:101;left:184px;position:absolute; top:64px" Text="Click" Width="56px"

 OnClientClick ="return  getTxt()"/>

        <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Font-Bold="True" Font-Size="0.8em" Style="z-index: 103;left: 96px; position: absolute; top: 32px" Text="User Name:"></asp:Label>

    </div>

    </form>

</body>

</html>

Image of textbox

How to get the text of CheckBoxList in Javascript?


<head runat="server">

    <title>Untitled Page</title>

    <script type="text/javascript">

    function chkboxMeth()

    {

      var chkbox = document.getElementById("CheckBoxList1");

      var inputArr = chkbox.getElementsByTagName('input');

      var labelArr = chkbox.getElementsByTagName('label');

      var sum="";

     for (var i=0; i

     {

      if (inputArr[i].checked == true)

{

sum = sum + labelArr[i].innerText;

}

    }

alert(sum);

return false;

  }

    </script>

</head>

<body>

    <form id="form1" runat="server">

    <div>

    <asp:CheckBoxList ID="CheckBoxList1" runat="server" AutoPostBack="True" BackColor="#00CC99" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="#FF0066">

            <asp:ListItem Value="1">Apple</asp:ListItem>

            <asp:ListItem Value="2">Banana</asp:ListItem>

            <asp:ListItem Value="3">Grapes</asp:ListItem>

        </asp:CheckBoxList>

        <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Style="position: absolute; z-index: 102; left: 400px; top: 48px;" Text="Click" OnClientClick =" return chkboxMeth()" BackColor="#CCCC66" Font-Bold="True" Width="64px"/>

    </div>

    </form>

</body>

</html>

Image of CheckBoxlist

How to get the value or text of radioButtonList in javascript?


<head runat="server">

    <title>Untitled Page</title>

    <script type ="text/javascript">             

  function GetRadioButtonSelectedValue()

  {

      var radio = document.getElementById('radiobuttonlist1');

      var inputArr = radio.getElementsByTagName('input');

      var labelArr = radio.getElementsByTagName('label');

     for (var i=0; i

     {

        if (inputArr[i].checked )

         {

          alert("Selected Value:"+inputArr[i].value+"  

                Selected Text :"+labelArr[i].innerText);

          inputArr[i].checked =false   

         }

     }



  }  

    </script>

     

</head>

<body>

    <form id="form1" runat="server">

    <div>

   

    <asp:RadioButtonList ID="radiobuttonlist1" runat="Server" RepeatLayout="flow" ForeColor="Blue" BackColor="#E0E0E0" Font-Bold="True" Font-Names="Verdana" Font-Size="Small">

          <asp:ListItem Text="ASP.NET" Value="1" ></asp:ListItem>

          <asp:ListItem Text="SilverLight" Value="2"></asp:ListItem>

          <asp:ListItem Text="C#.NET" Value="3"></asp:ListItem>

   </asp:RadioButtonList>



   <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Style="position: static;" Text="Select" 

     OnClientClick =" return GetRadioButtonSelectedValue(); " />

</div>

    </form>

</body>

</html>

Image of RadioButton List

How to get the selected value or text of dropdown in javascript?

 <head runat="server">

    <title>Untitled Page</title>

     <script type ="text/javascript">

      function ddlmeth()

var ddl=document.getElementById("DropDownList1");

     alert("Selected Value: "+ddl.value +"  "+"Selected Text: "+ddl[ddl.selectedIndex].innerText);

    </script>

</head>

<body>

    <form id="form1" runat="server">

    <div>

<asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Style="position: absolute; z-index: 103; left: 200px; top: 120px;" Text="click" OnClientClick ="return ddlmeth()" ForeColor="#FF0066" Width="72px"  />

        <asp:DropDownList ID="DropDownList1" runat="server" AutoPostBack="True" Style="z-index: 102;

            left: 208px; position: absolute; top: 8px">

            <asp:ListItem Value="1">ASP.NET</asp:ListItem>

            <asp:ListItem Value="2">VB.NET</asp:ListItem>

            <asp:ListItem Value="3">C#.NET</asp:ListItem>

        </asp:DropDownList>

    </div>

    </form>

</body>

Image of dropdownlist

How to get the text or value of ListBox in JavaScript?

<head runat="server">

    <title>Untitled Page</title>

    <script type ="text/javascript">

    function getListBox()

     var listbox=document.getElementById("ListBox1");

     alert("Selected Value:"+listbox.value+"

            Selected Text:"+listbox[listbox.selectedIndex].innerText);

    </script>

</head>

<body>

    <form id="form1" runat="server">

    <div>

        <asp:ListBox ID="ListBox1" runat="server" BackColor="#FFFFFF" Font-Bold="True" Font-Names="Verdana"ForeColor="#660066" Height="80px" Style="z-index: 100; left: 240px; position: absolute; top: 48px" Width="80px">

            <asp:ListItem Value="1">SilverLight</asp:ListItem>

            <asp:ListItem Value="2">Ajax</asp:ListItem>

            <asp:ListItem Value="3">JQuery</asp:ListItem>

        </asp:ListBox>

        <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Font-Bold="True" Style="z-index: 102; left: 336px; position: absolute; top: 72px" Text="Click" Width="56px"

   OnClientClick ="return getListBox();"/>

    </div>

    </form>

</body>

</html>

Image of ListBox

Display Popup message before session expiry time and Extend Session if they want to extend in asp.net C#

Write below java script function in .aspx page if u are not using master page..other wise write this function Master page .aspx page

</script>

write below two function is .aspx.cs file

private void keepAlive()
    {

        //figure out the full url of the logout page configured in web.config + the return url which is the current page

        String logoutUrl = FormsAuthentication.LoginUrl + "?ReturnUrl=" + Request.Url;

         String minutesToWarning = "";
        //figure out how many minutes before time out the user wants to get warned.

        String minutesBeforeLoggedOut = "1";
        if (minutesBeforeLoggedOut == null || minutesBeforeLoggedOut == "")
        {
            minutesBeforeLoggedOut = "1";
        }

        //if the user selected "-1", then it never gets timedout. If not, figure out, how many minutes after the page loaded, give the user the warning
        if (!minutesBeforeLoggedOut.Equals("-1"))
        {
            int formsTimeout = GetFormsTimeout();
         //   int formsTimeout = Session.Timeout;
            minutesToWarning = Convert.ToString(formsTimeout - Convert.ToInt32(minutesBeforeLoggedOut));
        }

       String script = @"

                        var minutesToWarning = " + minutesToWarning + @";
                        var minutesBeforeLoggedOut = " + minutesBeforeLoggedOut + @";
                        var loginUrl = '" + logoutUrl + @"';

</script>

                    ";

        if (!Page.ClientScript.IsClientScriptBlockRegistered("WarnTimeOut"))
            Page.ClientScript.RegisterClientScriptBlock(typeof(Page), "WarnTimeOut", script);

    }

    private int GetFormsTimeout()
    {
        System.Xml.XmlDocument x = new System.Xml.XmlDocument();
        x.Load(Request.PhysicalApplicationPath + "/web.config");
        System.Xml.XmlNode node = x.SelectSingleNode("/configuration/system.web/authentication/forms");
        int Timeout = int.Parse(node.Attributes["timeout"].Value, System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.NumberFormat);
        return Timeout;
    }

and call keepAlive(); function in Page_Load

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
             keepAlive();
    }

and in web.config dont forget to add these lines of code

< authentication mode="Forms">
<forms timeout="20"/>
</authentication>

If your project contains more than one folder and more than one master page..do the same procedure for every master page in every folder in your project

Thanks & Regards

Sathish Sirikonda

Disable Right Click Button on aspx page

If u want to restrict any user not to copy ur website content so you use this script in tag

var message = "Right Click not allowed!";

function clickIE4(){

if (event.button==2){

alert(message);

return false;

}

function clickNS4(e){

if (document.layers||document.getElementById&&!document.all){

if (e.which==2||e.which==3){

alert(message);

return false;

}

if (document.layers){

document.captureEvents(Event.MOUSEDOWN);

document.onmousedown=clickNS4;

}

else if (document.all&&!document.getElementById){

document.onmousedown=clickIE4;

}

document.oncontextmenu=new Function("alert(message);return false")

</script>

Web Services and standard web protocols

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Web Services and standard web protocols

Web services gain more popularity from last few years in developers and companies. So there are good reasons to understand internals of Web Services.

What are Web Services?

Web Service is an application designed to directly interact with other applications all over the world on internet. It describes a standardized way of integrating web based applications. Web services allow different applications from different sources to communicate with each other.

Web Services provides an important way for business to communicate with clients and with each other. It provides business logic processes and data through a programmatic interface instead of any traditional user interface. User interface is then added to this application interface to provide specific functionality to users. The basic purpose of Web Service is to provide some functionality from the owner to its clients so that they can use it.

Web Services publish their methods to the world and these methods, when invoked, perform some actions and provide some data in result. Web services sometimes called Application Services.

Independent of Operating System and Language

Web Services are XML based applications that use XML to communicate with other applications so Web Services are independent of Operating System and Programming Language. An application using a Web Service is not concerned about the operating system or programming language of that Web Service as all communication is in XML. For example, A Web Service created in Java can be used by an application created in Visual Basic or Windows application can be called by a UNIX application.

Web Services Protocols

Web services use XML based web protocols that include HTTP, XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI. XML is used to tag the data, SOAP is used to transfer data, WSDL is used to describe available Web Services and UDDI is used to list the available Web Services.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the standardized protocol of communication on the internet by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). It is responsible for requesting and transmitting data over the internet. It provides safe recognition of network web server and encrypted communication.

XML

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is the markup language that is designed to transport and store data in a format that is readable by both human and machine. It enables the transmission, validation and interpretation of data between applications. . XML is used to tag, format and display the data. It allows developers to create their own customized tags. It mainly designed for documents but it is extensively used in Web Services. It is the most common markup language in which the information is written.

SOAP

Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is the XML based protocol to transfer the data in Web Services. It is the language and platform independent protocol that allows applications in Web Services to communicate via standard internet HTTP. It is the center piece of Web Services and complements all other protocols (XML, WSDL and UDDI). In a simple way, we can say that SOAP is the way in which web services method calls are translate into XML format and sent via HTTP and it allows applications to exchange information over HTTP. SOAP is standardized and recommended by W3C.

WSDL

Web Services Description language (WSDL) is a standard format to describe and locate web services. It is the XML based language that UDDI uses for Web Services. Every client application that is connected to Web Service can read the WSDL to determine what functions are available on the Web Service. Any special data types are embedded in the WSDL. URL from which Web Service methods can be accessed and communication protocols used by web services are also in the WSDL file. So it contains every detail to allow users to build client applications to use Web Services. WSDL is the W3C recommendation.

UDDI

Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) is the web based directory or registry for listing web services. It enables businesses to list themselves on the internet and discover each other. It allows clients to find Web Services to use them. It is a public library where we can publish Web Services and inquire about Web Services. UDDI includes several ways to find Web Services that client needs to built their application.

UDDI registry manages information about service providers and service implementations. Service providers can use UDDI to publicize web services they offer and service clients can use UDDI to discover Web Services according to their requirements. UDDI is based on XML and SOAP standards.

Criticism on Web Services

Web services are often criticized because of security issues. It is the application to application interaction instead of human-application interaction. Issues like authentication, privacy and data integrity are main concerns when using Web Services. Another criticism on Web Services is the complexity in Web Services.

Benefits of Web Services

Although there are some criticisms on Web services but benefits of Web Services have overpowered these criticisms. The communication between applications is easier with Web Services. Information distribution to different clients and consumers is relatively simple task for companies. Web services can be reused when needed and from the past few years there is rapid development in Web Services.

SOAP is a standard for exchanging XML-based messages over a computer network, normally using HTTP.

Purpose of using SOAP:

For many Web services, you need only a combination of XML, HTTP, and an application-specific message protocol. To be sure, SOAP has its uses. But, in my opinion, SOAP’s role is overstated in the early stages of a Web service’s development. Using SOAP for the wrong tasks can easily hijack a Web service development project, because SOAP introduces a large set of problems that are orthogonal to the challenges of building a Web service. SOAP-related issues tend to consume the majority of the development effort.

The most common purpose of Web services today is to exchange XML data. For instance, more than 200 Web services listed on XMethods share that purpose. The classic examples of a stock quote service, weather service, or postal code lookup service are all about sending an XML query message, and receiving an XML reply. That pattern dominates more complex Web services as well: the UDDI registry service or the Liberty Alliance single sign-on and identity federation Web services are all defined in terms of XML-based query-response message exchanges.

At best, SOAP introduces a level of indirection to such XML message exchanges by embedding an XML message in a SOAP envelope. Since the SOAP envelope can carry metadata about the original XML message, such as processing instructions, the envelope can aid a Web service in processing that message. At worst, SOAP makes it difficult, if not impossible, to verify the validity of an XML message traversing between two Web services.

Example:

Here is an example of how a client might format a SOAP message requesting product information from a fictional warehouse web service. The client needs to know which product corresponds with the ID DEVASP123:

<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">

<soap:Body>

<productID> DEVASP123</productID>

</getProductDetails>

</soap:Body>

</soap:Envelope>

Here is how the warehouse web service might format its reply message with the requested product information:

<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">

<soap:Body>

<productName>Toptimate 3-Piece Set</productName>

<productID> DEVASP123</productID>

<description>3-Piece luggage set. Black Polyester.</description>

</getProductDetailsResult>

</getProductDetailsResponse>

</soap:Body>

</soap:Envelope>

How to create and use a Web Service in ASP.NET Visual Studio 2010

What is Web Service?
Web Service is an application that is designed to interact with other applications on the internet. Web Services allow a server to expose its functionality that clients can utilize. Web services can publish their methods or messages to the world and these methods, when invoked, perform some action and return some data or result.

Web services allow different applications from different sources to communicate with each other. As all communication in a web service is in XML so it is independent of language, platform and protocol.

Create a Web Service

To create a web service in visual studio 2010, follow these steps:

Open New Project
Select .NET Framework 3.5
Select ASP.NET Web Service Application in web either in Visual C# or in Visual Basic
A HelloWorld web method is already in the Service1 class. Write another web method in class Service1 as below

C#

[WebMethod]

public int AddNumbers(int firstNum, int secondNum) {

            int thirdnum = firstNum + secondNum;

            return thirdnum;

}

VB.NET

<WebMethod()> _

Public Function AddNumbers(ByVal firstNum As Integer, ByVal secondNum As Integer)   As Integer

Dim thirdnum As Integer = firstNum + secondNum

Return thirdnum

End Function
See web service in browser and copy the URL to add reference of the service when you have to use the service. Select Web Method to see result in XML.

Use Web Service

When a web service is created the next step is to use this service. It is also called consuming the Web Service.

To use a web service, follow these steps in visual studio 2010:

Open New Web Site
Select .NET Framework 3.5
Create an ASP.NET Empty Website either in Visual Basic or Visual C#
Right click on the Website in Solution Explorer
Select Add Service Reference
Select Advanced option in Add Service Reference window
Select Add Web Reference in Service Reference Settings
Enter the copied URL in Add Web Reference window
Change the Web reference name and click Add Reference
Import namespace for the Web Service

C#

using WebServiceTest;

VB.NET

Imports WebServiceTest
Now drag and drop two labels in aspx page and write below code in Page_Load method of code behind file. Create the instance of the Service1 class and call the method of that class.

<asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text="Label"></asp:Label>

<br />

<asp:Label ID="Label2" runat="server" Text="Label"></asp:Label>

Write below code in Page_Load method of code behind file. Create the instance of the Service1 class and call the method of that class.

C#

Service1 service = new Service1();
Label1.Text = service.HelloWorld();
int num = service.AddNumbers(3, 4);
Label2.Text = "The result is: " + num.ToString();

VB.NET

Dim service As New Service1()
Label1.Text = service.HelloWorld()
Dim num As Integer = service.AddNumbers(3, 4)
Label2.Text = "The result is: " & num.ToString()
View website in browser, you will see the result of both web methods of Web Service

A web Service created in any ASP.NET language can be consumed in application written in any other ASP.NET language.

How to bind data to Web Service and use this Web Service in ASP.NET

Web Services are created to bind data because these are used by consumers to work with data. You can see articles on DevASP.NET about Web Services. In this article, I will show you simple example of data binding to web service. This data binding procedure can be complex but this example is just for learning purposes.

Follow below steps to create a web service and bind data to it.

Create New Web Site in Visual Studio 2010

Select .NET Framework 3.5

Select ASP.NET Web Service either in Visual C# or in Visual Basic

Add a Class and rename it as ProductsClass

Import namespaces in ProductsCass

C#

using System.Data;

using System.Data.SqlClient;

VB.NET

Imports System.Data

Imports System.Data.SqlClient

Write below function in ProductsClass to get data

C#

public static DataSet ProductsData() {

    string sqlQuery = "Select * From Products";

    string connString = "Data Source=Local;Initial Catalog=NORTHWND;Integrated Security=True";

    SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connString);

    SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(sqlQuery, connection);

    SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(command);

    DataSet ds = new DataSet();

    da.Fill(ds);

    return ds;

}

VB.NET

Public Shared Function ProductsData() As DataSet

    Dim sqlQuery As String = "Select * From Products"

    Dim connString As String = "Data Source=Local;Initial Catalog=NORTHWND;Integrated Security=True"

    Dim connection As New SqlConnection(connString)

    Dim command As New SqlCommand(sqlQuery, connection)

    Dim da As New SqlDataAdapter(command)

    Dim ds As New DataSet()

    da.Fill(ds)

    Return ds

End Function

As you can see I have used Products table of NORTHWIND database. This function returns DataSet. I have written a query and set connection to my Server. Then I have created a SqlCommand object by passing query and connection as parameters. Then I have created a SqlDataAdapter object, a DataSet object and fill DataSet object with SqlDataAdapter object.

Open Service.cs file and import namespace

C#

using System.Data;

VB.NET

Imports System.Data

Now write below function in Service.cs file

C#

[WebMethod]

public DataSet GetProducts() {

    DataSet ds = ProductsClass.ProductsData();

    return ds;

}

VB.NET

<WebMethod()> _

Public Function GetProducts() As DataSet

    Dim ds As DataSet = ProductsClass.ProductsData()

    Return ds

End Function

This function in our Web Service code file returns DataSet. I have created a DataSet object and assigned the data of ProducsData() function of ProductsClass. We will call this method to get data in our consumer web site.

See this Web Service in browser and copy the URL of Web Service. We need this URL for service reference to consume this Web Service.

Now follow below steps to consume this Web Service and get data from this Web Service function.

Open New Web Site

Create an ASP.NET Empty Website either in Visual Basic or Visual C#

Right click on the Website in Solution Explorer

Select Add Service Reference

Select Advanced option in Add Service Reference window

Select Add Web Reference in Service Reference Settings

Enter the copied URL in Add Web Reference window

Change the Web reference name as DataBindWebService and click Add Reference

Import namespace for the Web Service

C#

using DataBindWebService;

VB.NET

Imports DataBindWebService

Drag and Drop a GridView in aspx page

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server">

</asp:GridView>

Write below code in Page_Load method of code behind file

C#

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) {

    Service service = new Service();

    GridView1.DataSource = service.GetProducts();

    GridView1.DataBind();

}

VB.NET

Protected Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Me.Load

    Dim service As New Service

    GridView1.DataSource = service.GetProducts()

    GridView1.DataBind()

End Sub

Create a new instance of Web Service and call the GetProducts() method. Bind the data to GridView.

View website in browser, you will see the result of data bound Web Service method.

Version history of ASP.NET

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ASP.NET Version History---Features Detail

--------------------------------------------------------------------

4.5.1

4.5.1 and Visual Studio 2013

One ASP.NET
ASP.NET Scaffolding
ASP.NET Identity

--------------------------------------------------------------------

4.5

4.5 and Visual Studio 2012

Strongly Typed Data Controls
Model Binding
Unobtrusive Validation
Bundling and Minification
Async Support
Support for asynchronous modules and handlers
Friendly URL
HTML5 Features enhancements
Support for WebSocket protocol
oAuth Support

--------------------------------------------------------------------

4.0

4.0 and Visual Studio 2010

Introduced ClientIdMode property for Server Control
Routing
Introduced Meta tags MetaKeyword and MetaDescription
Chart Control

--------------------------------------------------------------------

3.5

3.5 and Visual Studio 2008

Integrated ASP.NET AJAX
Support LINQ
New Data controls LINQ DataSource, ListView and DataPager
Dynamic Data
Multi-targeting Framework Support

--------------------------------------------------------------------

2.0

2.0 and Visual Studio 2005

New Data controls GridView, FormView and DetailsView
DataSource controls SQLDataSource, Object DataSource, AccessDataSource, XMLDataSource and SiteMapDataSource
Navigation controls
Master pages
Cross Page Postbacks
Validation Groups
Themes
Skins
Login controls
Role Management
Profiles
Membership Service
Localization and Globalization

--------------------------------------------------------------------

1.1

1.1 and Visual Studio .NET 2003

ASP.NET Mobile controls
Built-in support for ODBC and databases
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) support

--------------------------------------------------------------------

1.0

1.0 and Visual Studio .NET

Support for Object-oriented Web application development
Use of DLL class libraries

Introduction to Object Oriented Programming Concepts

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Object Oriented Programming(OOP) Features

Object oriented programming (OOP) is a programming model where programs are organized around object and data rather than action and logic.
OOP allows decomposition of a problem into a number of entities called Object and then builds data and function around these objects.
The program is divided into a number of small units called Object. The data and function are build around these objects.
The data of the objects can be accessed only by the functions associated with that object.
The functions of one object can access the functions of other object.

OOP has the following important features:

Class

A class is the core of any modern Object Oriented Programming language such as C#.
In OOP languages, it is a must to create a class for representing data.
Class is a blueprint of an object that contains variables for storing data and functions to performing operations on these data.
Class will not occupy any memory space and hence it is only a logical representation of data.
To create a class, you simply use the keyword "class" followed by the class name:

Collapse | Copy Code

class Employee
{

}

Object

Objects are the basic run-time entities in an object oriented system. They may represent a person, a place or any item that the program has to handle.
"Object is a Software bundle of related variable and methods. "
“Object is an instance of a class.”

Class will not occupy any memory space. Hence to work with the data represented by the class, you must create a variable for the class, which is called as an object.
When an object is created by using the keyword new, then memory will be allocated for the class in heap memory area, which is called as an instance and its starting address will be stored in the object in stack memory area.
When an object is created without the keyword new, then memory will not be allocated in heap, i.e., instance will not be created and object in the stack contains the value null.
When an object contains null, then it is not possible to access the members of the class using that object.

class Employee
{

}

Syntax to create an object of class Employee:

Employee objEmp = new Employee();

All the programming languages supporting object oriented programming will be supporting these three main concepts:

Encapsulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism

Abstraction

Abstraction is "To represent the essential feature without representing the background details."
Abstraction lets you focus on what the object does instead of how it does it.
Abstraction provides you a generalized view of your classes or object by providing relevant information.
Abstraction is the process of hiding the working style of an object, and showing the information of an object in an understandable manner.

Real World Example of Abstraction

Suppose you have an object Mobile Phone.
Suppose you have 3 mobile phones as follows:

Nokia 1400 (Features:- Calling, SMS)
Nokia 2700 (Features:- Calling, SMS, FM Radio, MP3, Camera)
Black Berry (Features:-Calling, SMS, FM Radio, MP3, Camera, Video Recording, Reading E-mails)

Abstract information (Necessary and Common Information) for the object "Mobile Phone" is to make a call to any number and can send SMS." so that, for mobile phone object you will have an abstract class like the following:

    abstract class MobilePhone
    {
        public void Calling();
        public void SendSMS();
    }

    public class Nokia1400 : MobilePhone
    {

    }

    public class Nokia2700 : MobilePhone
    {
        public void FMRadio();
        public void MP3();
        public void Camera();
    }

    public class BlackBerry : MobilePhone
    {
        public void FMRadio();
        public void MP3();
        public void Camera();
        public void Recording();
        public void ReadAndSendEmails();
    }

Abstraction means putting all the variables and methods in a class which is necessary.
For example: Abstract class and abstract method.
Abstraction is the common thing.

Examples

If somebody in your college tells you to fill an application form, you will fill your details like name, address, data of birth, which semester, percentage you got, etc.
If some doctor gives you an application to fill the details, you will fill the details like name, address, date of birth, blood group, height and weight.

See in the above examples what is the common thing?
Age, name, address so you can create the class which consists of the common thing that is called abstract class.
That class is not complete and it can be inherited by another class.

Encapsulation

Wrapping up data member and method together into a single unit (i.e. Class) is called Encapsulation.
Encapsulation is like enclosing in a capsule. That is enclosing the related operations and data related to an object into that object.
Encapsulation is like your bag in which you can keep your pen, book, etc. It means this is the property of encapsulating members and functions.

Collapse | Copy Code

    class Bag
    {
        book;
        pen;
        ReadBook();
    }

Encapsulation means hiding the internal details of an object, i.e., how an object does something.
Encapsulation prevents clients from seeing its inside view, where the behaviour of the abstraction is implemented.
Encapsulation is a technique used to protect the information in an object from the other object.
Hide the data for security such as making the variables as private, and expose the property to access the private data which would be public.
So, when you access the property, you can validate the data and set it.

Example

class Demo
{
   private int _mark;

   public int Mark
   {
     get { return _mark; }
     set { if (_mark > 0) _mark = value; else _mark = 0; }
   }
}

Real World Example of Encapsulation

Let's take an example of Mobile Phone and Mobile Phone Manufacturer.
Suppose you are a Mobile Phone Manufacturer and you designed and developed a Mobile Phone design(class), now by using machinery you are manufacturing a Mobile Phone(object) for selling, when you sell your Mobile Phone, the user only learns how to use the Mobile Phone but not how this Mobile Phone works.
This means that you are creating the class with function and by making object (capsule) of it, you are making availability of the functionality of your class by that object and without the interference in the original class.

Example 2

TV operation
It is encapsulated with cover and we can operate with remote and no need to open TV and change the channel.
Here everything is in private except remote so that anyone can access not to operate and change the things in TV.

ENCAPSULATION:- Encapsulation provides the ability to hide the internal details of an object from its users.The concept of encapsulation is also known as data hiding or information hiding. In c# , Encapsulation is implemented using the access modifier keywords.

Public
Private
protected
Internal
Protected Internal

Inheritance

When a class acquire the property of another class, it is known as inheritance.
Inheritance is the process of object reusability.
For example: A child acquires the property of parents.

Collapse | Copy Code

public class ParentClass
    {
        public ParentClass()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Parent Constructor.");
        }

        public void print()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("I'm a Parent Class.");
        }
    }

    public class ChildClass : ParentClass
    {
        public ChildClass()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Child Constructor.");
        }

        public static void Main()
        {
            ChildClass child = new ChildClass();

            child.print();
        }
    }

Output

Collapse | Copy Code

Parent Constructor. 
Child Constructor. 
I'm a Parent Class.

Polymorphism

Polymorphism means one name many forms.
One function behaves in different forms.
In other words, "Many forms of a single object is called Polymorphism."

Real World Example of Polymorphism

Example 1

A Teacher behaves with his student.
A Teacher behaves with his/her seniors.
Here teacher is an object but attitude is different in different situations.

Example 2

Person behaves like a SON in the house, at the same time that person behaves like an EMPLOYEE in office.

Example 3

Your mobile phone, one name but many forms:

As phone
As camera
As mp3 player
As radio

Polymorphism in .NET

Difference between abstraction and encapsulation is as given in the table below:

Abstraction	Encapsulation
1. Abstraction solves the problem in the design level.	1. Encapsulation solves the problem in the implementation level.
2. Abstraction is used for hiding the unwanted data and giving relevant data.	2. Encapsulation means hiding the code and data into a single unit to protect the data from outside world.
3. Abstraction lets you focus on what the object does instead of how it does it.	3. Encapsulation means hiding the internal details or mechanics of how an object does something.
4. Abstraction- Outer layout, used in terms of design. For example: Outer Look of a Mobile Phone, like it has a display screen and keypad buttons to dial a number.	4. Encapsulation - Inner layout, used in terms of implementation. For example: Inner Implementation detail of a Mobile Phone, how keypad button and Display Screen are connect with each other using circuits.

The easier way to understand Abstraction and encapsulation is as follows:

Real World Example

Take an example of mobile phone:
You have a mobile phone, you can dial a number using keypad buttons. Even you don't know how these are working internally. This is called abstraction. You have the only information that is needed to dial a number. But not its internal working of mobile.
But how the mobile phone works internally and how keypad buttons are connected with internal circuit is called encapsulation.

Understanding Transactions and Creating Transaction Enabled WCF Services.

2014-09-08T15:00:00.000+05:30

When we talk about transactions in database operations, we need to perform some operation(database operations) in such a way that either all the operations are successful or all of them fail. This would result in the amount information being same once the transaction is successful or it fails.

Properties of Transaction

By definition a transaction must be Atomic, Consistent, Isolated and Durable. What does we mean by all these terms

Atomic: Atomic means that all the statements (SQL statement or operations) that are a part of the transaction should work as atomic operation i.e. either all are successful or all should fail.
Consistent: This means that in case the atomic transaction success, the database should be in a state that reflect changes. If the transaction fails then database should be exactly like it was when the transaction started.
Isolated: If more than one transactions are in process then each of these transactions should work independently and should not effect the other transactions.
Durable: Durability means that once the transaction is committed, the changes should be permanent i.e. these changes will get saved in database and should persist no matter what(like power failure or something).

Now having transactions from a simple class library's perspective ot from a simple .Net applications, it is just a matter of calling the operations within a transaction, checking whether all the operations are successful or not and deciding whether to commit or rollback the transaction. Refer this article to know about transactions in normal application:
But from a WCF service perspective, since the service itself may be running on a remote server and all the communication between the service and the client is in form of messages, the service itself need some configuration so that it can be made transaction enabled.
Now in rest of the article we will see how we can configure a WCF service to support transactions and how we can call a WCF operation within transactions.

Using the code

Understanding Two Phase Commit

The WCF transactions happen using two phase commit protocol. Two phase commit protocol is the protocol that is used to enable transactions in a distributed environment. This protocol mainly consist of two phases:

Prepare phase: In this phase the client application performs the operations of a WCF service. WCF service determines whether the requested operation will be successful or not and notify the client about the same.
Commit Phase: In the commit phase the client checks for the responses it got from the prepare phase and if all the responses are indicating that the operation can be carried out successfully the transaction is committed. If the response from any one of the operations indicates failure then the transaction will be rolled back. The actual operation on the service end will happen in the commit phase.

Now from the protocol, it is pretty clear that the WCF service will have to send the notification of whether the operation will succeed or fail to the client application. It would mean that the One way operations can never support transactions. The operations that support transactions have to follow the Request-Response Model(refer this for details on message exchange modes:

A note on binding

Since services communicate in form of messages the underlying message specifications play a very important role in supporting transactions. To have the possibility of transactions, the WS-AT(WS-AtomicTransaction) protocol need to be used. The binding that supports this is wsHttpBinding. So we will be using this binding to create our transaction enabled service.

Description of the Test Application

To illustrate the above process, let say I have two account holders, one person is trying to transfer some money to other person. From the database perspective this operation consist of two sub-operations i.e.

Debiting the first account by specified amount.
Secondly, crediting the second account with required amount.

Now from a technical perspective, if the first operation is successful but second one fails the result would be that the first persons account will be debited but second one will not be credited i.e. we loose the amount of information. The other way round will in fact increase the amount ion second account without even debiting the first amount.
So the bottom-line here is that we need either both of them to be successful to both of them should fail. Success of any one operation will result in inconsistent results and thus even if one operation fails we need to rollback what we did in the other operation. This is precisely where transaction are useful.
Let us say that the operations for credit and debit are exposed separately from a service. What we need to do is that, we need to transaction enable this service and then call these two methods within a transaction. The transaction will be committed only when both the operation indicate success. In case any one operation indicates failure or throws an exception, the transaction will not be committed.

Creating the Service

Let us create a simple service with a ServiceContract that exposes operations to debit an account, credit an account and get the account balance information for any account.

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[ServiceContract]
public interface IService1
{
    [OperationContract]
    bool PerformCreditTransaction(string creditAccountID, double amount);

    [OperationContract]
    bool PerformDebitTransaction(string debitAccountID, double amount);

    [OperationContract]
    decimal GetAccountDetails(int id);
}

Now we want the operations PerformCreditTransaction and PerformDebitTransaction to work within a transaction. To do this we need to make some configuration in the service. The very first thing that is required with the OperationContract is to set the TransactionFlow property with the desired TransactionFlowOption. There are 3 possible values for TransactionFlowOption:

Mandatory: This specifies that this function can only be called within a transaction.
Allowed: This specifies that this operation can be called within a transaction but its not mandatory.
NotAllowed: This specifies that this operation can not be called within a transaction.

Now for both our operations, we want the operations to be called mandatory within a transaction so we will specify them with this option.

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[ServiceContract]
public interface IService1
{
    [OperationContract, TransactionFlow(TransactionFlowOption.Mandatory)]
    bool PerformCreditTransaction(string creditAccountID, double amount);

    [OperationContract, TransactionFlow(TransactionFlowOption.Mandatory)]
    bool PerformDebitTransaction(string debitAccountID, double amount);

    [OperationContract]
    decimal GetAccountDetails(int id);
}

Now to illustrate the implementation part, We will work on a small application that contains a single table database. This table contains the account id and the amount present in the account.
The sample DB table looks like:

The UI will look like:

And now to perform these operations, we will write simple ADO.NET code in our service implementation. The important thing from the service implementation perspective is that the service implementation also needs to be decorated/adorned with OperationBehavior attribute with TransactionScopeRequired property set to true. So now let us look at the sample implementation of the service operations.

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public class Service1 : IService1
{
    readonly string CONNECTION_STRING = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["SampleDbConnectionString1"].ConnectionString;

    [OperationBehavior(TransactionScopeRequired = true)]
    public bool PerformCreditTransaction(string creditAccountID, double amount)
    {
        bool creditResult = false;

        try
        {
            using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(CONNECTION_STRING))
            {
                con.Open();

                // And now do a credit
                using (SqlCommand cmd = con.CreateCommand())
                {
                    cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
                    cmd.CommandText = string.Format(
                        "update Account set Amount = Amount + {0} where ID = {1}",
                        amount, creditAccountID);

                    // Let us emulate some failure here to see the that transaction will not
                    // get committed
                    // return false;

                    creditResult = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery() == 1;
                }
            }
        }
        catch
        {
            throw new FaultException("Something went wring during credit");
        }
        return creditResult;
    }

    [OperationBehavior(TransactionScopeRequired = true)]
    public bool PerformDebitTransaction(string debitAccountID, double amount)
    {
        bool debitResult = false;

        try
        {
            using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(CONNECTION_STRING))
            {
                con.Open();

                // Let us do a debit
                using (SqlCommand cmd = con.CreateCommand())
                {
                    cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
                    cmd.CommandText = string.Format(
                        "update Account set Amount = Amount - {0} where ID = {1}",
                        amount, debitAccountID);

                    debitResult = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery() == 1;
                }
            }
        }
        catch
        {
            throw new FaultException("Something went wring during debit");
        }
        return debitResult;
    }

    public decimal GetAccountDetails(int id)
    {
        decimal? result = null;

        using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(CONNECTION_STRING))
        {
            using (SqlCommand cmd = con.CreateCommand())
            {
                cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
                cmd.CommandText = string.Format("select Amount from Account where ID = {0}", id);

                try
                {
                    con.Open();
                    result = cmd.ExecuteScalar() as decimal?;
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    throw new FaultException(ex.Message);
                }
            }
        }

        if (result.HasValue)
        {
            return result.Value;
        }
        else
        {
            throw new FaultException("Unable to retrieve the amount");
        }
    }
}

Note: The code is written to elaborate the transaction enabled services only, it is not as per the coding standards i.e it is vulnerable to SQL injection. It should not be taken as code that could go in production. It is just the sample code and has a lot of scope for improvement.
Now we have our ServiceContract ready and service implementation ready. Let us now use the appropriate binding i.e. wsHttpBinding to use this service. Also, in the service configuration we need to specify that this service is transaction enabled. This can be done by setting the transactionFlow property of the binding configuration of wsHttpBiding to true
Note: Please refer the web.config of the sample code to see how this is done.

Test Application

From our test application, we will simply call the functions within a transaction(using TransactionScope). We will check both the operations' return value, if both of the indicates success, we will commit the transaction(by calling Complete method on TransactionScope object). If any operation fails we will rollback the transaction by not calling Complete function and simply letting the TransactionScope object go out of scope).

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private void PerformTransaction(string creditAccountID, string debitAccountID, double amount)
{
    // they will be used to decide whether to commit or rollback the transaction
    bool debitResult = false;
    bool creditResult = false;

    try
    {
        using (TransactionScope ts = new TransactionScope())
        {
            using (ServiceReference1.Service1Client client = new ServiceReference1.Service1Client())
            {
                debitResult = client.PerformDebitTransaction(debitAccountID, amount);
                creditResult = client.PerformCreditTransaction(creditAccountID, amount);
            }

            if (debitResult && creditResult)
            {
                // To commit the transaction 
                ts.Complete();
            }
        }
    }
    catch
    {
        // the transaction scope will take care of rolling back
    }
}

The code currently will work fine i.e. both the methods will return true and the transaction will get committed. To check the rollback action, we have a simple return false; statement commented in our service's PerformCreditTransaction operation, un-comment this statement to check that the transaction will not get committed.
Note: The code snippets shows the relevant code in the context. Please look at the sample code to get the full understanding.
So now we have a service that supports transactions. Before wrapping up let is look at the main operations we need in order to make a service transaction enabled.

Decorate the OperationContract with required TransactionFlowOption.
Decorate the operation implementation with OperationBehavior with TransactionScopeRequired as true.
Use wsHttpBinding to utilize the underlying WS-AtomicTransaction protocol.
Specify the transactionFlow property of the binding configuration of wsHttpBinding as true.

WCF Interview Question & Answer

2014-08-28T15:05:00.000+05:30

What is WCF?

Microsoft refers WCF as a programming platform that is used to build Service-oriented applications. Windows Communication Foundation is basically a unified programming model for developing, configuring and deploying distributed services. Microsoft has unified all its existing distributed application technologies (e.g. MS Enterprise Services, ASMX web services, MSMQ, .NET Remoting etc) at one platform i.e. WCF. Code name for WCF was Indigo.

Why to use WCF? or What are the advantages for using WCF?

Service Orientation is one of the key advantages of WCF. We can easily build service-oriented applications using WCF.
If compared with ASMX web services, WCF service provides reliability and security with simplicity.
As oppose to .NET Remoting, WCF services are interoperable.
Different clients can interact with same service using different communication mechanism. This is achieved by using service endpoints. A single WCF service can have multiple endpoints. So, developer will write code for service once and just by changing configuration (defining another service endpoint), it will be available for other clients as well.
Extensibility is another key advantage of WCF. We can easily customize a service behavior if required.

What are the core components of WCF Service?

A WCF service has at least following core components.

Service Class: A ervice class implementing in any CLR-based language and expose at least one method.
Hosting Environment: a managed process for running service.
Endpoint: a client uses it to communicate with service.

What is the difference between WCF and ASMX Web services?

The basic difference is that ASMX web service is designed to send and receive messages using SOAP over HTTP only. While WCF service can exchange messages using any format (SOAP is default) over any transport protocol (HTTP, TCP/IP, MSMQ, Named Pipes etc).

What are the Endpoints in WCF? or Explain ABCs of endpoint?

For WCF services to be consumed, it’s necessary that it must be exposed; Clients need information about service to communicate with it. This is where service endpoints play their role.
A service endpoint has three basic elements or also called ABCs of an endpoint i.e. Address, Binding and Contract.
Address: It defines “WHERE”. Address is the URL that identifies the location of the service.
Binding: It defines “HOW”. Binding defines how the service can be accessed.
Contract: It defines “WHAT”. Contract identifies what is exposed by the service.

What is a WCF Binding? How many different types of bindings available in WCF?

Bindings in WCF actually defines that how to communicate with the service. Binding specifies that what communication protocol as well as encoding method will be used. Optionally, binding can specify other important factors like transactions, reliable sessions and security.
Another WCF Tutorial gives more detailed understanding of Binding concept in WCF.
There are different built-in bindings available in WCF, each designed to fulfill some specific need.

basicHttpBinding
wsHttpBinding
netNamedPipeBinding
netTcpBinding
netPeerTcpBinding
netmsmqBinding

For details on different binding types, please follow the link to WCF bindings.

Can we have multiple endpoints for different binding types in order to serve different types of clients?

Yes, we can have multiple endpoints for different binding types. For example, an endpoint with wsHttpBinding and another one with netTcpBinging.

What are the hosting options for WCF Services? Explain.

For a service to host, we need at least a managed process, a ServiceHost instance and an Endpoint configured. Possible approaches for hosting a service are:

Hosting in a Managed Application/ Self Hosting
- Console Application
- Windows Application
- Windows Service
Hosting on Web Server
- IIS 6.0 (ASP.NET Application supports only HTTP)
- Windows Process Activation Service (WAS) i.e. IIS 7.0 supports HTTP, TCP,
  NamedPipes, MSMQ.

What are Contracts in WCF?

A Contract is basically an agreement between the two parties i.e. Service and Client. In WCF, Contracts can be categorized as behavioral or structural.

Behavioral Contracts define that what operations client canperform on a service.
- ServiceContract attribute is used to mark a type as Service contract that contains operations.
- OperationContract attributes is used to mark the operations that will be exposed.
- Fault Contract defines what errors are raised by the service being exposed.
Structural Contracts
- DataContract attribute define types that will be moved between the parties.
- MessageContract attribute define the structure of SOAP message.

What Message Exchange Patterns supported by WCF?

Request/Response
One Way
Duplex

Request/Response
It’s the default pattern. In this pattern, a response message will always be generated to consumer when the operation is called, even with the void return type. In this scenario, response will have empty SOAP body.
One Way
In some cases, we are interested to send a message to service in order to execute certain business functionality but not interested in receiving anything back. OneWay MEP will work in such scenarios.If we want queued message delivery, OneWay is the only available option.
Duplex
The Duplex MEP is basically a two-way message channel. In some cases, we want to send a message to service to initiate some longer-running processing and require a notification back from service in order to confirm that the requested process has been completed.
Next WCF Tutorial on Interview Questions and Answers in this series is about Proxy and Channel Factory, Concurrency and Throttling in WCF.

What are the different ways to expose WCF Metadata?

By default, WCF doesn’t expose metadata. We can expose it by choosing one of the following ways:
1. In configuration file, by enabling metadata exchange as follows:

<system.serviceModel>
<services>
<service name=”MyService.Service1″
behaviorConfiguration=”MyService.Service1″>

<endpoint address=””

binding=”wsHttpBinding”
contract=”MyService.IService1″>
<identity>
<dns value=”localhost”/>
</identity>
</endpoint>
<endpoint address=”mex” binding=”mexHttpBinding”
contract=”IMetadataExchange”/>
</service>
</services>
<behaviors>
<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior name=”MyService.Service1″>
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled=”true”/>
<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults=”false”/>
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>
</system.serviceModel>

2. ServiceHost can expose a metadata exchange endpoint to access metadata at runtime.

using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(MyService)))
{
ServiceMetadataBehavior behavior = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();
behavior.HttpGetEnabled = true;
host.Description.Behaviors.Add(behavior);
host.Open();
Console.WriteLine(“My Service here……….”); Console.ReadLine();
host.Close();
}

What is mexHttpBinding in WCF?

In order to generate proxy, we need service metadata and mexHttpBinding returns service metadata.
If we look into our configuration file, service will have an endpoint with mexHttpBinding as follows:
<endpoint address=”mex” binding=”mexHttpBinding” contract=”IMetadataExchange”/>
and service metadata behavior will be configured as follows:
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled=”true”/>
Before deployment of application to production machine, it should be disabled.
In order to support other protocols, related bindings are mexHttpBinding, mexHttpsBinding, mexTcpBinding.

What is a Service Proxy in Windows Communication Foundation?

A service proxy or simply proxy in WCF enables application(s) to interact with WCF Service by sending and receiving messages. It’s basically a class that encapsulates service details i.e. service path, service implementation technology, platform and communication protocol etc. It contains all the methods of service contract (signature only, not the implementation). So, when the application interact the service through proxy, it gives the impression that it’s communicating a local object.
We can create proxy for a service by using Visual Studio or SvcUtil.exe.

What are the different ways to generate proxy in WCF?

Generating proxy using Visual Studio is simple and straight forward.

Right click References and choose “Add Service Reference”.
Provide base address of the service on “Add Service Reference” dialog box and click “Go” button. Service will be listed below.
Provide namespace and click OK.

Visual studio will generate a proxy automatically.
We can generate proxy using svcutil.exe utility using command line. This utility requires few parameters like HTTP-GET address or the metadata exchange endpoint address and a proxy filename i.e. optional.
svcutil http://localhost/MyService/Service1.svc /out:MyServiceProxy.cs
If we are hosting the service at a different port(other than default for IIS which is 80), we need to provide port number in base address.
svcutil http://localhost:8080/MyService/Service1.svc /out:MyServiceProxy.cs
For parameter details regarding svcutil, please follow the MSDN link
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa347733.aspx

Difference between using ChannelFactory and Proxies in WCF?

A ChannelFactory creates a kind of Channel used by clients to communicate with service endpoints.
If we have control over Server and Client, then ChannelFactory is a good option because it relies on having local interfaces that actually describes the service i.e. service contract.
On the other hand, If we don’t have control over server and only have WSDL/URL, then it’s better to generate proxy using Visual Studio or SvcUtil.
SvcUtil is better option as compared to Visual Studio because we have more control in case of SvcUtil.

How to create proxy for Non-WCF Services?

In case of Non-WCF Services, we can create proxy by either using Visual Studio or svcUtil.exe tool by pointing to WSDL of the non-WCF service. In this scenario, we can’t create proxy through ChannelFactory or manually developing proxy class because we don’t have local interfaces i.e. service contract.

Breifly explain Automatic Activation in WCF?

Automatic activation means service starts and serves the request when a message request is received, but service doesn’t need to be running in advance.
There are few scenarios in which service needs to be running in advance, For example, in case of Self-Hosting.

What are the different WCF Instance Activation Methods available?

WCF supports three different types of Instance Activation methods:
a)    Per Call
b)    Per Session
c)    Singleton

What are the different ways to handle concurrency in WCF?

There are three different ways to handle concurrency in WCF that are:
a)    Single
b)    Multiple
c)    Reentrant
Single: means at a given time, only a single request can be processed by WCF service instance. Other requests will be waiting until the first one is fully served.
Multiple: means multiple requests can be served by multiple threads of a single WCF service instance.
Reentrant: means a single WCF service instance can process one request at a given time but the thread can exit the service to call another service.
We can apply these concurrency settings by putting ConcurrencyMode property in ServiceBehavior as follows:

[ServiceBehavior(ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Multiple]
public class MyService : IMyService
{
}

What is WCF throttling?

WCF throttling enables us to regulate the maximum number of WCF instances, concurrent calls and concurrent sessions. Basic purpose is to control our WCF service performance by using Service throttling behavior.
In configuration file we can set this behavior as follows:

<serviceBehavior>
<behavior name=”MyServiceBehavior”>
<serviceThrottling
maxConcurrentInstances=”2147483647”
maxConcurrentCalls=”16″
maxConcurrentSessions=”10″
</behavior>
</serviceBehavior>

Above given values are the default ones, but we can update it after looking into the requirements of our application.

What is a fault contract?

Normally, by default, when some exception occurs at a WCF service level, it will not expose as it is to client. Reason is that WCF exception is a CLR exception and it doesn’t make sense to expose it outside CLR because it contains internal details of service code like stack trace. So, WCF handles and returns error details to client using Fault Contract.“So, fault contract is a contract that contains the details of possible exception(s) that might occur in a service code.”

[ServiceContract]
public interface IService1
{
[OperationContract]
[FaultContract(typeof(MyFaultDetails))]
int MyOperation1();
}

[DataContract]
public class MyFaultDetails
{
[DataMember]
public string ErrorDetails { get; set; }
}

In implementing service…..

public int MyOperation1()
{
Try{ //Do something…… }catch()
{
MyFaultDetails ex = new MyFaultDetails();
ex.ErrorDetails = “Specific error details here.“;
throw new FaultException(ex,“Reason: Testing…..“);
}
}

A user has a service with a one-way operation that includes a fault contract, and he gets an exception when he tries to host the service. Why?

This is true, because, to return faults, the service requires some form of a two-way communication channel, which is not there with one-way operations.

What are the core security concepts supported by WCF?

There are four core security Features
Confidentiality: It’s a confirmation about the recipient. Only the valid recipient can read the message when it passed between service and client.
Integrity: is to ensure that message received is not being tempered or changed during exchange.
Authentication: is a way for the parties (sender and receiver) to identify each other.
Authorization: ensures that what actions an authenticated user can perform?

Difference between Message Level security and Transport Level security?

Security can be configured at different levels in Windows Communication Foundation.

Transport Level Security
Message Level Security
Difference between BasicHttpBinding and WsHttpBinding with respect to security?
Please follow differences between BasicHttpBinding and WsHttpBinding for more detailed discussion, but basic difference with respect to security is as follows:
As WsHttpBinding supports advanced WS-* specification, it has a lot more security options available. For example, It provides message-level security i.e. message is not sent in plain text. Also it supports for WS-Trust and WS-Secure conversation.
While in case of BasicHttpBinding, it has fewer security options, or we can say, there is no security provided, by default. At transport level, it can provide confidentiality through SSL.

Please explain about authorization options supported in WCF?
Authorization as a core feature of security in WCF supports different authorization types.
Role-based authorization is the most common authorization approach being used. In this approach, authenticated user has assigned roles and system checks and verifies that either a specific assigned role can perform the operation requested.
Identity-based authorization approach basically provides support for identity model feature which is considered to be an extension to role-based authorization option. In this approach, service verifies client claims against authorization policies and accordingly grant or deny access to operation or resource.
Resource-based authorization approach is a bit different because it’s applied on individual resources and secure those using windows access control lists (ACLs).

What is Reliable Messaging in WCF?
We know that networks are not perfect enough and those might drop signals or in some scenarios there can be a possibility of wrong order of messages during message exchange.
WCF allows us to ensure the reliability of messaging by implementing WS-ReliableMessaging protocol. Here is how you can configure reliable messaging in WCF.

<wsHttpBinding>
<binding name=”Binding1″>
<reliableSession
enabled=”true”
ordered=”true”
inactivityTimeout=”00:02:00″ />
</binding>
</wsHttpBinding>

What are Reliable Sessions in WCF?
Reliable sessions actually ensure that the caller for messages will know about the lost message(s) but it can’t guarantee about the delivery of message(s).
There is a misconception about reliable sessions that it ensures the session will never expire or stays for a very long time. This we can achieve by using timeout for sessions.

Briefly explain WCF RESTfull services?
RESTful services are those which follow the REST (Representational State Transfer) architectural style.As we know that WCF allows us to make calls and exchange messages using SOAP over a variety of protocols i.e. HTTP, TCP, NamedPipes and MSMQ etc. In a scenario, if we are using SOAP over HTTP, we are just utilizing HTTP as a transport. But Http is much more than just a transport.
So, when we talk about REST architectural style, it dictates that “Instead of using complex mechanisms like CORBA, RPC or SOAP for communication, simply HTTP should be used for making calls”.
RESTful architecture use HTTP for all CRUD operations like (Read/CREATE/Update/Delete) using simple HTTP verbs like (GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE). It’s simple as well as lightweight.
You can follow 5 simple steps to create your first RESTful service.

Briefly explain WCF Data Services?
WCF Data services previously known as ADO.NET data services are basically based on oData (Open Data Protocol) standard which is a REST (Representational State Transfer) protocol. According to http://www.odata.org/
The Open Data Protocol (OData) is a Web protocol for querying and updating data that provides a way to unlock your data and free it from silos that exist in applications today. OData does this by applying and building upon Web technologies such as HTTP, Atom Publishing Protocol (AtomPub) and JSON to provide access to information from a variety of applications, services, and stores. The protocol emerged from experiences implementing AtomPub clients and servers in a variety of products over the past several years. OData is being used to expose and access information from a variety of sources including, but not limited to, relational databases, file systems, content management systems and traditional Web sites.Next part in this WCF Tutorial series is focused on Interview Questions regarding Service-Oriented Architecture and Transactions.

What is SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) and how WCF supports it?
SOA is basically an architectural model that dictates few principles for building business applications in the form of independent, loosely coupled and interoperable services. These services are well defined, self-contained and can work together to achieve certain business functionality without depending on context or state of other services.
WCF supports almost all those principles dictated by Service Oriented Architecture for developing services; those are independent, loosely coupled and interoperable also. Please visit for detailed discussion on WCF and SOA.

What is ESB in SOA environment?
In Service Oriented Architecture environment, ESB (Enterprise Service Bus) acts as a single interface for all messaging between applications and services in a loosely coupled manner. ESB is capable to call and subscribe different service provider’s methods and subscriptions respectively.

What is Transaction Propagation? And how WCF support it?
Transaction propagation is the ability to propagate transaction across the boundaries of a single service. Or in other words, we can say that a service can participate in a transaction that is initiated by a client.
In a SOA environment, transaction propagation becomes a key requirement. As we know that WCF supports SOA, so it provides support for transaction propagation as well.
To enable transaction propagation, we need to set the value of TransactionFlow property of the binding being used. This can be done programmatically as follows:

WSHttpBinding bindingBeingUsed = new WSHttpBinding();
bindingBeingUsed.TransactionFlow = “true”;
Or It can be done declaratively by updating configuration file as follows:

<bindings>
<wsHttpBinding>
<binding name=”binding1”
transactionFlow=”true” />
</wsHttpBinding>
</bindings>

Does all WCF bindings support for Transaction Propagation?

No. Not all WCF bindings support transaction propagation. Only following list of bindings support for it.

wsHttpBinding
netTcpBinding
netNamedPipeBinding
wsDualHttpBinding
wsFederationHttpBinding

What are the various Transaction Flow Options available in WCF?

If a service is configured for Transaction Propagation, WCF further supports various options for service methods to be part of any transaction initiated outside service boundaries.

NotAllowed Transaction Propagation is not allowed for particular service method. Its default value.
Allowed Transaction Propagation is allowed but not compulsory.
Mandatory Transaction Propagation is compulsory for that service method.

For example, Transaction Propagation is mandatory for CreditAccount service method in following code snippet.

[ServiceContract]
interface IPaymentService
{
[OperationContract]
[TransactionFlow(TransactionFlowOption.Mandatory)]
void CreditAccount(….);
}

What is two-phase committed protocol?

In a distributed transaction scenario, two-phase committed protocol is an algorithm that ensures all the participating processes in a distributed transaction are ready to be committed or roll backed. This is done in two phases i.e. Prepare phase and Commit phase.

What is the role of transaction manager in WCF?

Transaction manager while sitting on client side, initiate the transaction and coordinates with all the processes that participate in a distributed transaction to commit or roll back.

What are the supported transaction types in WCF?

Supported transaction types in WCF are:

Light Weight
OLE Transactions
WS-Atomic Transactions

How to enable the Performance Counters in WCF?

Simple way to enable Performance Counters supported by WCF is as follows:

<system.serviceModel>
<diagnostics performanceCounters = “All” />
</system.serviceModel>

Above configuration setting will enable all categories of counters including ServiceModelService, ServiceModelEndpoint and ServiceModelOperation. Default value for it is “Off”.

3 techniques for Instance management in WCF

Instance management basically defines the binding of service instance to a request received from a client. In case of WCF, following three techniques for service instantiation are available:

PerCall
PerSession
Single

As we know that application requirements varies from one to another with respect to scalability, durability, performance, transactions etc, so in order to meet respective needs of the application, we chose between different WCF service instance modes and this is what we are going to discuss here in this WCF Tutorial.

“PerSession” is the default instance mode for WCF Service. In order to use any specific techniques mentioned above, we need to configure serviceBehavior attribute for a service as follows:

[ServiceContract()]

public interface IInstanceManagDemoService

{

[OperationContract]

string Method1();

}

[ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode=InstanceContextMode.PerCall)]

public class InstanceManagDemoService : IInstanceManagDemoService

{

public string Method1()

{

//method details here…..

}

PerCall

In case of PerCall Instance mode, a new instance is created against each request coming from client and later disposed off when response is sent back from service as shown in the following diagram.

Above diagram shows that all request coming from one or more clients are served by separate instance on server.
Key points about this approach are follows:

We will prefer to use this approach when we don’t need to maintain state between requests.
Scalability is a major concern and service holds expensive resources like communication ports, files or database connections etc.

PerSession

For PerSession Instance mode, a new instance is maintained on server for one session. For separate session, another instance is created that serves the request. Normally, we use this technique, when we need to maintain session between multiple requests.

Above diagram shows that for all requests from “WCF Client 1″ are served by “Service Instance 1″. Same is the case for client 2 and client 3 respectively. In this technique, the service instance is disposed off when one a particular client completes its all method calls to perform a specific functionality.

Key points about this approach are follows:

Approach is preferable when we need to maintain state.
Scalability is a concern but not the biggest concern.

Single

In case of Single/Singleton Instance mode, only one instance is created to serve all the requests coming from all clients.

In this technique, service instance is not disposed off and it stays on server to serve all incoming requests.

Key points about this approach are follows:

We want to share global data using service.
Scalability is not a concern at all.

4 simple steps to enable tracing in WCF

Tracing mechanism in Windows Communication Foundation is based on the classes that resides in System.Diagnostic namespace. Important classes are Trace, TraceSource and TraceListener. For better understanding we will follow step by step approach in this WCF Tutorial. Following are the steps to enable tracing in WCF:

Step 1. Configuring WCF to emit tracing information/Define Trace Source

We have the following options:

System.ServiceModel
System.ServiceModel.MessageLogging
System.ServiceModel.IdentityModel
System.ServiceModel.Activation
System.Runtime.Serialization
System.IO.Log
Cardspace

In configuration file, we will define a source to enable this configuration as follows:

<source name=”System.ServiceModel.MessageLogging”>

Step 2. Setting Tracing Level

We have the following available options, we need to set this tracing level to available options other than default “Off”:

Off
Critical
Error
Warning
Information
Verbose
ActivityTracing
All

In configuration file, we can choose above values for switchValue attribute as follows:

Step 3. Configuring a trace listener

For configuring a trace listener, we will add following to config file.

Step 4. Enabling message logging

<system.serviceModel>
<diagnostics>
<messageLogging
logEntireMessage=”true”
logMalformedMessages=”false”
logMessagesAtServiceLevel=”true”
logMessagesAtTransportLevel=”false”
maxMessagesToLog=”3000″
maxSizeOfMessageToLog=”2000″/>
</diagnostics>
</system.serviceModel>

logEntireMessage: By default, only the message header is logged but if we set it to true, entire message including message header as well as body will be logged.
logMalformedMessages: this option log messages those are rejected by WCF stack at any stage are known as malformed messages.
logMessagesAtServiceLevel: messages those are about to enter or leave user code.
logMessagesAtTransportLevel: messages those are about to encode or decode.
maxMessagesToLog: maximum quota for messages. Default value is 10000.
maxSizeOfMessageToLog: message size in bytes.
Putting all this together, configuration file will appear like this.

<system.diagnostics>

<add name=”messagelistener”

type=”System.Diagnostics.XmlWriterTraceListener” initializeData=”d:logsmyMessages.svclog”></add>

</listeners>

</source>

</sources>

</system.diagnostics>

<system.serviceModel>

<messageLogging logEntireMessage=”true”

logMessagesAtServiceLevel=”false”

logMessagesAtTransportLevel=”false”

logMalformedMessages=”true”

maxMessagesToLog=”5000″

maxSizeOfMessageToLog=”2000″>

</messageLogging>

</diagnostics>

</system.serviceModel>

Note: In this case, information will be buffered and not published to file automatically, So, we can set the autoflush property of the trace under sources as follows:

autoflush =”true” />

WCF Hosting in IIS

So in order to host our WCF Service in IIS, follow the simple step by step approach.
1. Add a Website to our Solution. Choose “ASP.NET Empty Web Site” template. For Web location, choose “HTTP” instead of “File System”, provide the path and press “OK” button.

2. Add Reference of StudentService project to our WebSite i.e. StudentIISHost.

3. Add Reference of System.ServiceModel to website.
4. Add a new .svc file to our website project as.

In above code, we are pointing Service to StudentService in ServiceHost.
5. Updated configuration for System.ServiceModel in web.config will be as follows:

<system.serviceModel>
<behaviors>
<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior name=”StudentServiceBehavior”>
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled=”true”/>
<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults=”false”/>
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>
<services>
<service behaviorConfiguration=”StudentServiceBehavior”
name=”StudentService.StudentService”>
<endpoint address=”http://localhost/StudentIISHost/MyStudentHost.svc”
binding=”wsHttpBinding”

contract=”StudentService.IStudentService”>
<identity>
<dns value=”localhost”/>
</identity>
</endpoint>
<endpoint address=”mex”

binding=”mexHttpBinding”

contract=”IMetadataExchange”/>
</service>
</services>
</system.serviceModel>

6. Access the hosted WCF Service i.e. StudentService using following path.

http://localhost/StudentIISHost/MyStudentHost.svc

Hopefully, this WCF Tutorial will help to understand implementation for hosting a WCF Service in IIS (Internet Information Service).

How to create chart & graph in Asp.Net

2014-05-23T16:27:00.000+05:30

-----------.aspx page-------------------------------------------

<div style="width: 900px;">
            <asp:Chart ID="chartDaywiseUtilization" runat="server" Width="900px" Height="250px" BorderlineWidth="2" Palette="None" PaletteCustomColors="192, 64, 0"
                BorderDashStyle="Solid"
                BackSecondaryColor="White" BackGradientStyle="TopBottom" BorderWidth="2px" BackColor="211, 223, 240"
                BorderColor="#1A3B69">
                <Titles>
                    <asp:Title ShadowOffset="0" Name="Items" Text="Day wise average utilization" Font="Microsoft Sans Serif, 10pt" />
                </Titles>
                <Legends>
                    <asp:Legend Alignment="Near" Docking="Right" IsTextAutoFit="False" Name="Default" LegendStyle="Column" />
                </Legends>
                <Series>
                    <asp:Series Name="Utilization" BorderColor="180, 26, 59, 105"></asp:Series>
                </Series>
                <ChartAreas>
                    <asp:ChartArea Name="ChartArea1">
                        <AxisY LineColor="64, 64, 64, 64">
                            <LabelStyle Font="Trebuchet MS, 8.25pt, style=Bold" />
                            <MajorGrid LineColor="64, 64, 64, 64" />
                        </AxisY>
                        <AxisX LineColor="64, 64, 64, 64">
                            <LabelStyle Font="Trebuchet MS, 8.25pt, style=Bold" />
                            <MajorGrid LineColor="64, 64, 64, 64" />
                        </AxisX>
                    </asp:ChartArea>
                </ChartAreas>
            </asp:Chart>

        </div>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.Cs Page
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
protected void BindCharts()
    {

        DataSet ds = new DataSet();
        string EmpID = "61331245";
        string Sdate = GetFirstDateOfWeek(DateTime.Now).ToString("MM/dd/yyyy");
        string Edate = GetLastDateOfWeek(DateTime.Now).ToString("MM/dd/yyyy");
        ds = GetReport(EmpID,0, Sdate,Edate);
        if (ds != null && ds.Tables.Count > 0)
        {
            if (ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count > 0)
            {
                string[] x = new string[ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count];
                double[] y = new double[ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count];

                for (int i = 0; i < ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count; i++)
                {
                    x[i] = ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][1].ToString();
                    y[i] = Convert.ToDouble(ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][0]);
                }
                chartDaywiseUtilization.Series[0].Points.DataBindXY(x, y);
                chartDaywiseUtilization.Series[0].ChartType = SeriesChartType.Line;
                chartDaywiseUtilization.ChartAreas["ChartArea1"].AxisX.MajorGrid.Enabled = false;

                //chartDaywiseUtilization.Series[1].Points.DataBindXY(x, y);
                //chartDaywiseUtilization.Series[1].ChartType = SeriesChartType.Column;
                chartDaywiseUtilization.ChartAreas["ChartArea1"].Area3DStyle.Enable3D = false;

                chartDaywiseUtilization.Legends[0].Enabled = true;

            }
        }
    }

-----------------------------------------For multiple Series------------------------------------------------------
<div style="width: 900px; margin-bottom: 15px;">
            <asp:Chart ID="chartDeployable" runat="server" Width="900px" BorderlineWidth="0" Palette="None" PaletteCustomColors="DodgerBlue; IndianRed; LightGreen"
                BorderDashStyle="Solid"
                BackSecondaryColor="White" BackGradientStyle="TopBottom" BorderWidth="2px" BackColor="211, 223, 240"
                BorderColor="#1A3B69">
                <Titles>
                    <asp:Title ShadowOffset="0" Name="Items" Text="Availability of deployable resources" Font="Microsoft Sans Serif, 10pt" />
                </Titles>
                <Legends>
                    <asp:Legend Alignment="Near" Docking="Right" IsTextAutoFit="False" Name="Default" LegendStyle="Column" />
                </Legends>
                <Series>
                    <asp:Series Name="30% Deployable" IsVisibleInLegend="true" BorderColor="180, 26, 59, 105"></asp:Series>
                    <asp:Series Name="50% Deployable" IsVisibleInLegend="true" BorderColor="180, 26, 59, 105"></asp:Series>
                    <asp:Series Name="75% Deployable" IsVisibleInLegend="true" BorderColor="180, 26, 59, 105"></asp:Series>
                </Series>
                <ChartAreas>
                    <asp:ChartArea Name="ChartArea2">
                        <Area3DStyle Rotation="10" Perspective="10" Inclination="15" IsRightAngleAxes="False"
                            WallWidth="0" IsClustered="False"></Area3DStyle>
                        <AxisY LineColor="64, 64, 64, 64">
                            <LabelStyle Font="Trebuchet MS, 8.25pt, style=Bold" />
                            <MajorGrid LineColor="64, 64, 64, 64" />
                        </AxisY>
                        <AxisX LineColor="64, 64, 64, 64">
                            <LabelStyle Font="Trebuchet MS, 8.25pt, style=Bold" />
                            <MajorGrid LineColor="64, 64, 64, 64" />
                        </AxisX>
                    </asp:ChartArea>
                </ChartAreas>
            </asp:Chart>

        </div>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
protected void BindDeployableCharts()
    {

        DataSet ds = new DataSet();
        string EmpID = "61331245";
        string Sdate = GetFirstDateOfWeek(DateTime.Now).ToString("MM/dd/yyyy");
        string Edate = GetLastDateOfWeek(DateTime.Now).ToString("MM/dd/yyyy");
        ds = GetReport(EmpID,1, Sdate, Edate);
        if (ds != null && ds.Tables.Count > 0)
        {
            if (ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count > 0)
            {
                string[] x = new string[ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count];
                double[] y = new double[ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count];

                string[] x1 = new string[ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count];
                double[] y1 = new double[ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count];

                string[] x2 = new string[ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count];
                double[] y2= new double[ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count];

                for (int i = 0; i < ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count; i++)
                {
                    x[i] = ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][0].ToString();
                    y[i] = Convert.ToDouble(ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][1]);
                }
                for (int i = 0; i < ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count; i++)
                {
                    x1[i] = ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][0].ToString();
                    y1[i] = Convert.ToDouble(ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][2]);
                }
                for (int i = 0; i < ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count; i++)
                {
                    x2[i] = ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][0].ToString();
                    y2[i] = Convert.ToDouble(ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][3]);
                }

                chartDeployable.Series[0].Points.DataBindXY(x, y);
                chartDeployable.Series[0].ChartType = SeriesChartType.Column;
                chartDeployable.Series[0].IsValueShownAsLabel = true;
                chartDeployable.ChartAreas["ChartArea2"].AxisX.MajorGrid.Enabled = false;

                chartDeployable.Series[1].Points.DataBindXY(x1, y1);
                chartDeployable.Series[1].ChartType = SeriesChartType.Column;
                chartDeployable.Series[1].IsValueShownAsLabel = true;
                chartDeployable.ChartAreas["ChartArea2"].Area3DStyle.Enable3D = false;

                chartDeployable.Series[2].Points.DataBindXY(x2, y2);
                chartDeployable.Series[2].ChartType = SeriesChartType.Column;
                chartDeployable.Series[2].IsValueShownAsLabel = true;
                chartDeployable.ChartAreas["ChartArea2"].Area3DStyle.Enable3D = false;

                chartDeployable.Legends[0].Enabled = true;

            }
        }

}

2nd Method for import / export excel file using open xml

2013-12-27T15:02:00.001+05:30

Download "Excel.dll" and "ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.dll" and paste in bin folder

protected void btnImport_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

string strtimeStamp = string.Empty;

strtimeStamp = System.DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString();

string fileName = Server.MapPath("~/UploadFile/") + strtimeStamp + "_" + FileUpload1.FileName;

FileUpload1.SaveAs(fileName);

ProcessYINVCO(fileName, 1, true, 1);

}

protected void btnExport_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

DataSet dsDown = new DataSet();

dsDown = obj.GetYINVCO(0);

if (dsDown != null && dsDown.Tables.Count > 0)

{

if (dsDown.Tables[0].Rows.Count > 0)

{

DataTable table = new DataTable();

table = dsDown.Tables[0];

obj.DataTableToExcel(table, "YINVCOReport");

}

else

{

ErrorSuccessNotifiers.AddErrorMessage(" No record found for download");

}

else

{

ErrorSuccessNotifiers.AddErrorMessage(" No record found for download");

}

public void ProcessYINVCO(string excelFilePath, int UserId, Boolean Save = false, int MasterUploadId = 0)

{

try

{

DataSet ds = obj.ReadXL(excelFilePath);

DataTable dtYINVCO = ds.Tables[0];

dtYINVCO.Rows.Cast<DataRow>().Where(r => Convert.ToString(r.ItemArray[1]).Length == 0).ToList().ForEach(r => r.Delete());// Delete Blank Rows (QC is empty);

dtYINVCO.AcceptChanges();

string ValidCols = ",WBS Element,Site Description,Milest.no.,Scheduled,Actl. date,Doc. Date,SO Created By,Customer,Sales Doc.,Line Item,PO number,PO date,HgLvIt,Material,Description,SU,Order Quantity,per,Net price,Net value,GrossValue,Net Price (EUR),Net Value (EUR),Gross Value (EUR),Exchange Rate,Bill Value (EUR),Inv.Net Value (EUR),Req.dlv.dt,Cu.req.dat,OS,DS,ExtMatlGrp,SearchTerm,Mat. Doc.,GR Date,Discount,Discount Currency,SAP Item level,Customer Material Number,SCC Item,Billing on SCC,Billing on SCC (EUR),HUB PGI Doc,DOP GI date,Rj,Bill.plan,Item,Bill. Date,%,Bill value,RevRecg,IntDelivNr,SubsIt,Ac.GI date,Quantity,Reference Value,CusDelivNr,Del.SubsIt,Del.Ac.GI date,Del.Quantity,Del.Reference Value,Cust.InvNr,Inv.SubsIt,Inv.Bill.date,Inv.Net value,De.ABM-PBM,De.ABM-CID,De.Del-CID,".ToLower();

int RowCount = dtYINVCO.Rows.Count;

int delRows = 0;

for (delRows = 0; delRows < RowCount; delRows++)

{

DataRow dr = dtYINVCO.Rows[delRows];

if (Convert.ToString(dr[1]).ToLower().Trim().Equals("wbs element") && Convert.ToString(dr[2]).ToLower().Trim().Equals("site description"))

{

break;

}

if (delRows < RowCount)

for (int i = 0; i < delRows; i++)

{

dtYINVCO.Rows[i].Delete();

}

dtYINVCO.AcceptChanges();

DataTable dtMod = new DataTable();

DataRow drhead = dtYINVCO.Rows[0];

int BCol = 1;

foreach (DataColumn dc in dtYINVCO.Columns)

{

dtMod.Columns.Add(Convert.ToString(drhead[dc.ColumnName]).Length == 0 ? ("Blank" + BCol++) : Convert.ToString(drhead[dc.ColumnName]), typeof(string));

}

foreach (DataRow dr in dtYINVCO.Rows)

dtMod.Rows.Add(dr.ItemArray);

for (int i = 0; i < dtMod.Columns.Count; )

{

if (ValidCols.IndexOf(("," + dtMod.Columns[i].ToString().ToLower().Trim() + ",")) < 0)

{

dtMod.Columns.RemoveAt(i);

continue;

}

i++;

}

//string AllowedCols = ",Site Description,SearchTerm,Sales Doc.,Line Item,WBS Element,Rj,Order Quantity,Net price,GrossValue,PO number,Description,SCC Item,Cust.InvNr,Milest.no.,GR Date,HUB PGI Doc,DOP GI date,Ac.GI date,CusDelivNr,Del.Ac.GI date,Del.Quantity,Customer Material Number,";

dtMod.Rows[0].Delete();

string strx = dtMod.Columns.Count.ToString();

if (Save)

{

try

{

DataSet dsSave = new DataSet();

dsSave = objData.SaveManageYINVCO(dtMod, 1);

if (dsSave != null && dsSave.Tables.Count > 0)

{

if (dsSave.Tables[0].Rows.Count > 0)

{

if (Convert.ToString(dsSave.Tables[0].Rows[0]["Status"]) == "1")

{

ErrorSuccessNotifiers.AddSuccessMessage(strx + " Records has been successfully updated");

}

else

{

ErrorSuccessNotifiers.AddSuccessMessage(strx + " Records has been successfully updated");

}

//using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(strConnString))

//{

// con.Open();

// using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("SaveManageYINVCO", con))

// {

// cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

// cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@MyParam", dtMod);

// cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@UploadedBy", UserId);

// cmd.Parameters[0].SqlDbType = SqlDbType.Structured;

// int x = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

// }

//}

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

throw new Exception("YINVCO Not Saved : [" + ex.Message + "]");

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

throw new Exception("Unable to download YINVCO List [" + ex.Message + "]");

}

public DataTable RemoveUnwantedColumns(DataTable sTable, string AllowedColumns)

{

try

{

AllowedColumns = "," + AllowedColumns.ToLower() + ",";

for (int i = 0; i < sTable.Columns.Count; )

{

DataColumn dc = sTable.Columns[i];

if (AllowedColumns.IndexOf(("," + dc.ColumnName.ToLower().Trim() + ",")) < 0)

{

sTable.Columns.Remove(dc);

continue;

}

i++;

}

sTable.AcceptChanges();

return sTable;

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

throw new Exception("Unable to remove unwanted Columns [" + ex.Message + "]");

}

public DataSet ReadXL(string excelFilePath)

{

try

{

FileStream stream = File.Open(excelFilePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);

//1. Reading from a binary Excel file ('97-2003 format; *.xls)

IExcelDataReader excelReader = null;

if (Path.GetExtension(excelFilePath).ToLower().Equals(".xls"))

{

try

{

excelReader = ExcelReaderFactory.CreateBinaryReader(stream);

}

catch (Exception)

{

throw;

}

else

{

//2. Reading from a OpenXml Excel file (2007 format; *.xlsx)

try

{

excelReader = ExcelReaderFactory.CreateOpenXmlReader(stream);// ExcelReaderFactory.CreateOpenXmlReader(stream);

}

catch (Exception)

{

throw;

}

//3. DataSet - The result of each spreadsheet will be created in the result.Tables

//DataSet result = excelReader.AsDataSet();

//4. DataSet - Create column names from first row

excelReader.IsFirstRowAsColumnNames = true;

DataSet result = excelReader.AsDataSet();

excelReader.Close();

stream.Close();

return result;

}

catch (Exception)

{

return null;

}

What are the Differences between ASP.NET 3.5 and ASP.NET 4.0 | What are new features in Asp.net 4.0

2013-10-15T01:06:00.001+05:30

Check below table for Asp.net 3.5 Features

SNo	Feature	Asp.net 3.5
1.	New Features	Asp.net 3.5 includes the following new features 1) Listview Control 2) DataPager Control 3) Nested Master Pages 4) Linq DataSource
2.	Multi Targeting	Asp.net 3.5 supports multi –targeting What is multi – targeting? Check below description
3.	Ajax Support	In Asp.net 3.5, Ajax is integrated in .NET framework, thereby making the process of building intuitive cool user interfaces easier
4.	Silverlight Support	It support for silverlight
5.	JavaScript Debugging	It support for JavaScript debugging
6.	LINQ Support	It supports LINQ

Check below details for Asp.net 4.0 Features

In Asp.net 4.0 many new features has included in the .NET Framework 4 in visual studio 2010.

What are the Differences between asp.net 1.0, asp.net 1.1 and asp.net 2.0

2013-08-27T01:04:00.000+05:30

Asp.net 1.0 & 1.1 version

In these Asp.net versions IIS should be installed by user.

Asp.net 2.0 version

In this version IIS comes along with dotnet installation no need to install separately and in Asp.net 2.0 many new features has came into picture like partial classes, master pages, skins and themes, roles and membership profiles, Generics and many new controls etc. I will explain each feature clearly. Main purpose of Asp.net 2.0 is used to increase productivity, use same controls for all types of devices, faster and better web application.

Check below table for Asp.net 2.0 new features.

SNo	Feature	Asp.net 2.0
1.	Master Pages	In Asp.net 2.0 we have feature called Master Pages by using this feature we can apply consistent look and feel for all the pages in website without writing same code on multiple pages.
2.	Themes	Asp.net 2.0 introduces new feature called Themes or skins by using this feature we can customize look and feel of website and apply styles to controls, pages.
3.	Web Parts	In Asp.net 2.0, Web parts can provide a consistent look for a website and allow user to customize style and content.
4.	Navigation Controls	Asp.net 2.0 provides built in navigation controls those are SiteMaps Dynamic HTML Controls Treeviews
5.	Login Controls	Asp.net 2.0 provides new login controls to help create and manage user accounts without writing any code. Different type of login controls are available those are Login Control-which provides login functionality Login Status- This control is used to know the login status of user Login Name- This control is used to know the name of logged in user CreateUser Wizard- This wizard is used to create new user accounts Password Recovery- This control is used to return forgot password.
6.	Roles and Personalization	ASP.NET 2.0 has personalization features for storing user details. This provides an easy way to customize user (and user group) properties.
8.	Data Access	Many Websites are data driven using databases or XML files as data sources.
9.	Internationalization	Reaching people with different languages is important if you want to reach a larger audience. ASP.NET 2.0 has improved support for multiple languages.
10.	Image Controls	Asp.net 2.0 has new controls to handle images Image Map Control-Image MAP Control Dynamic Image Control- image support for different browsers
11.	Automatic Compilation	ASP.NET 2.0 provides automatic compilation. All files within a directory will be compiled on the first run, including support for WSDL, and XSD files.
12.	Compiled Deployment and Source Protection	ASP.NET 2.0 also provides pre-compilation. An entire web site can be pre-compiled. This provides an easy way to deploy (upload to a server) compiled applications, and because only compiled files are deployed, the source code is protected.
13.	New Server Controls	Aso.net 2.0 has introduced many new server controls like Gridview, Detailsview, FileUpload etc

How to create process Loader in Window Application

2013-05-23T15:10:00.001+05:30

1. Create ModelLodingUI Window Form and set the property : FromBoderStyle- None

2. Drag & Drop Picture Box and set Loading Image.

3. Paste following code:

4. namespace LoadingProcess

5. {

6. public partial class ModalLoadingUI : Form

7. {

8. #region Constants

9. public bool CloseMe = false;

10. #endregion

11.

12. public ModalLoadingUI()

13. {

14. InitializeComponent();

15. }

16. private void ModalLoadingUI_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

17. {

18.

19. }

20. public void LoadForm()

21. {

22. this.Opacity = 0.5;

23. this.BackColor = Color.Gray;

24. this.Show();

25. while (true)

26. {

27. if (CloseMe)

28. {

29. Application.DoEvents();

30. CloseMe = false;

31.

32. this.Close();

33. break;

34. }

35. else

36. {

37. Application.DoEvents();

38. }

39. }

40.

41. }

42.

43. }

44. }

II. Create Static Class like Program.cs:

static class Program

{

static ModalLoadingUI FormLoader;

public static void StartLoder()

{

FormLoader = new ModalLoadingUI();

ThreadStart TS = new ThreadStart(FormLoader.LoadForm);

Thread T = new Thread(TS);

T.Start();

Thread.Sleep(5000);

}

public static void StoptLoder()

{

FormLoader.CloseMe = true;

}

III. Call the function on page where you want to show the process.

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

Program.StartLoder();

// -----rite you code like saveData()-------------

Thread.Sleep(5000);

//-------------------

Program.StoptLoder(); }

How To Create Google Map In WPF

2013-05-23T15:01:00.002+05:30

Gmaap.xaml

--------------

namespace Test

{

/// <summary>

/// Interaction logic for Window1.xaml

/// </summary>

public partial class Googlemaps : Window

{

public Googlemaps(string from , string to)

{

InitializeComponent();

txt_From.Text = from;

txt_To.Text = to;

btn_Search_Click(null, null);

}

private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

{

//Keyboard.Focus(txt_From );

}

private void SetWebBrowser()

{

try

{

Uri uri = new Uri("http://maps.google.co.in/maps?saddr=[" + txt_From.Text.Trim() + "]&daddr=[" + txt_To.Text.Trim() + "]&hl=en&output=embed&avoid=tolls&avoid=highways");

//Uri uriDir = new Uri("http://maps.google.com/maps/api/directions/xml?origin=" + txt_From.Text.Trim() + "&destination=" + txt_To.Text.Trim() + "&sensor=false&avoid=tolls&avoid=highways");

//wb_GDir.Navigate(uriDir);

wb_GMap.Navigate(uri);

}

catch

{

MessageBox.Show("Try with combinations of City State Country (for e.g. Jaipur Rajasthan India)","Google Maps");

}

private void GetXML()

{

try

{

string url = "http://maps.google.com/maps/api/directions/xml?origin=" + txt_From.Text.Trim() + "&destination=" + txt_To.Text.Trim() + "&sensor=false&avoid=tolls&avoid=highways";

HttpWebRequest httpRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);

IWebProxy proxy = WebRequest.GetSystemWebProxy(); proxy.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;

httpRequest.Proxy = proxy;

httpRequest.Method = "GET";

//httpRequest.UserAgent = "Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+6.0;+Windows+NT+5.1;+.NET+CLR+1.1.4322)";

httpRequest.Timeout = -1;

HttpWebResponse httpResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpRequest.GetResponse();

Stream resStream = httpResponse.GetResponseStream();

System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer deserializer = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(typeof(XmlDocument));

XmlDocument doc = (XmlDocument)deserializer.Deserialize(resStream);

string startAddr = doc.GetElementsByTagName("start_address")[0].InnerText;

string endAddr = doc.GetElementsByTagName("end_address")[0].InnerText;

XmlNodeList duration = doc.GetElementsByTagName("duration");

XmlNodeList distance = doc.GetElementsByTagName("distance");

XmlNodeList steps = doc.GetElementsByTagName("step");

if (startAddr != null && endAddr != null)

{

lbl_From.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;

lbl_To.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;

lbl_From.Content = "From : " + startAddr;

lbl_To.Content = "To : " + endAddr;

}

if (distance != null && distance.Count > 0)

{

lbl_Distance.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;

lbl_Distance.Content = "Total Distance : " + distance[distance.Count - 1].SelectSingleNode("text").InnerText;

}

if (duration != null && duration.Count > 0)

{

lbl_Duration.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;

lbl_Duration.Content = "Total Duration : " + duration[duration.Count - 1].SelectSingleNode("text").InnerText;

}

if (steps != null && steps.Count > 0)

{

lbl_Steps.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;

lbl_StepsContent.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;

StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder();

for (int i = 0; i < steps.Count; i++)

{

string strTemp = steps[i].SelectSingleNode("html_instructions").InnerText;

strTemp = strTemp.Replace("<b>", "");

strTemp = strTemp.Replace("</b>", "");

strTemp = strTemp.Replace("</div>", " ");

strTemp = strTemp.Replace(" ", " ");

strTemp = strTemp.Replace("&", " ");

while (strTemp.Contains("<div"))

{

int sIndex = strTemp.IndexOf("<div");

int eIndex = strTemp.IndexOf("\">", strTemp.IndexOf("<div"));

strTemp = strTemp.Remove(sIndex, eIndex - sIndex + 2);

strTemp = strTemp.Insert(eIndex - sIndex + 2, " ");

}

if (strTemp.Length > 25)

{

for (int j = 1; j <= (strTemp.Length) / 25; j++)

{

int index = strTemp.Substring(0, j * 25).LastIndexOf(" ");

strTemp = strTemp.Insert(index, "\n ");

}

strBuilder.Append(i + 1);

strBuilder.Append(". ");

strBuilder.Append(strTemp);

strBuilder.Append("\n");

}

lbl_StepsContent.Content = "\n" + strBuilder.ToString();

}

catch

{

MessageBox.Show("Try with combinations of City State Country (for e.g. Jaipur Rajasthan India)","Google Maps");

}

private void btn_Search_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

{

if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(txt_From.Text.Trim()) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(txt_To.Text.Trim()))

{

SetWebBrowser();

GetXML();

}

---------------------------------------------------------Google Map.Xaml Page---------------------------------------------------

<Window x:Class="Test.Googlemaps" KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Cycle"

xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

Title="Google Maps" Height="600" Width="800" WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen" WindowState="Normal" Loaded="Window_Loaded" WindowStyle="SingleBorderWindow" MaxHeight="600" MaxWidth="800" Icon="/Test;component/Images/TEST_favicon.ico">

<Grid>

<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

<Grid.RowDefinitions>

</Grid.RowDefinitions>

<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

</Grid>

<Grid>

<Grid.RowDefinitions>

</Grid.RowDefinitions>

</Grid>

</StackPanel>

</ScrollViewer>

</StackPanel>

</ScrollViewer>

</Grid>

</Window>

----------------------------------Call Function on another Page where you want to call Gmap------------------------

private void btn_ShowGmap_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

{

if (ChkMapVal())

{

string VFrom, VTo;

VFrom = acb_VehicleFrom.Text;

VTo = acb_VehicleTo.Text;

Googlemaps gm = new Googlemaps(VFrom, VTo);

gm.Show();

}

How to save .EXE File DATabase in Binary Format

2013-05-23T15:00:00.000+05:30

private void SetFileFromDB(string tableName, string binFieldName, string idFieldName, string idFieldValue, string filepath)
        {
            try
            {
                StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder();
                strBuilder.Append(" SELECT ");
                strBuilder.Append(binFieldName);
                strBuilder.Append(" FROM ");
                strBuilder.Append(tableName);
                strBuilder.Append(" WHERE ");
                strBuilder.Append(idFieldName);
                strBuilder.Append(" = ");
                strBuilder.Append(idFieldValue);

                DataTable dt = new DataTable();
                SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
                cmd.Connection = new SqlConnection(Connection.ConnectionString);
                cmd.CommandTimeout = 0;
                cmd.CommandText = strBuilder.ToString();
                cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
                if (cmd.Connection.State != ConnectionState.Open)
                {
                    cmd.Connection.Open();
                }
                SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
                adapter.Fill(dt);
                cmd.Dispose();

                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(dt.Rows[0][0].ToString()))
                {
                    byte[] fileData = (byte[])dt.Rows[0][0];

                  // lbl_Download.Content = "0 Of " + (fileData.Length / 1024).ToString() + " Kbs.";

                    FileStream fStream = new FileStream(filepath, FileMode.Create);
                    for (int i = 0; i < fileData.Length; i = i + 50)
                    {
                       // lbl_Download.Content = (i >= 1024 ? Convert.ToString((i + 1) / 1024) + " Kbs. " : (i + 1).ToString() + " Bytes ") + " Of " + (fileData.Length / 1024).ToString() + " Kbs.";
                        if ((fileData.Length - i) >= 50)
                        {
                            fStream.Write(fileData, i, 50);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            fStream.Write(fileData, i, (fileData.Length - i));
                        }
                    }

                    fStream.Close();

                    //Unzip code
                    using (ZipFile zip = ZipFile.Read(filepath))
                    {
                        ZipEntry entry = zip["VISION.exe"];
                        string baseDir = filepath.Substring(0, filepath.LastIndexOf("\\"));
                        FileInfo ExeFile = new FileInfo(baseDir + "\\VISION.exe");
                        if (ExeFile.Exists)
                        {
                            ExeFile.Delete();
                        }
                        entry.Extract(baseDir);
                    }

                    if (fileData.Length > 1024)
                    {
                        lbl_Mesg.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;

                        StringBuilder sbMesg = new StringBuilder();
                        sbMesg.Append(fileData.Length / 1024);
                        sbMesg.Append(" KBs. of ");
                        sbMesg.Append(fileData.Length / 1024);
                        sbMesg.Append("KBs. download \ncompleted successfully.");

                        //lbl_Mesg.Content = "Updates download completed \nsuccessfully. Press Continue to \nrun application or Exit to quit.";
                        lbl_Mesg.Text = sbMesg.ToString();
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (SqlException ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Online Server Not Found. Please Try Again!", "VISION ERP");
                 //Application.Current.Shutdown();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Sorry for your inconvenience. Please Try Again!" + filepath, "VISION ERP");
            }
        }

How to Get Registry

2013-05-23T14:58:00.001+05:30

---------------Set Registry Key--------------------------------
public static bool GenRegKey(string strKeyValue)
        {
            string strKeyName = "AK_ECDRKEY";
            Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey key;
            if (!CheckRegKeyExistsOrNot(strKeyName))
            {
                try
                {
                    key = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.CurrentUser.CreateSubKey(strKeyName);
                    key.SetValue(strKeyName, strKeyValue);
                    key.Close();
                }
                catch
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

-------------------Check Registry Key-----------------------------
public static bool CheckRegKeyExistsOrNot(string strKeyName)
        {
            Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey key;
            key = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.CurrentUser.OpenSubKey(strKeyName);
            if (key == null)
            {
                return false;
            }
            else
            {
                key.Close();
                return true;
            }
        }
-----------------Get Registry Key from system----------------
#region GetKey
        private string GetKey()
        {
            string strKeyName = "AK_ECDRKEY";
            Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey key;
            key = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.CurrentUser.OpenSubKey(strKeyName);
            if (key == null)
            {
                return "";
            }
            else
            {
                string keyVal = key.GetValue("AK_ECDRKEY").ToString();
                key.Close();
                return keyVal;
            }
        }
        #endregion

--------------------GEt MAC Address----------------------
public string GetMACAddress()
        {
            NetworkInterface[] nics = NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces();
            String sMacAddress = string.Empty;
            foreach (NetworkInterface adapter in nics)
            {
                if (sMacAddress == String.Empty)
                {
                    IPInterfaceProperties properties = adapter.GetIPProperties();
                    sMacAddress = adapter.GetPhysicalAddress().ToString();
                }
            } return sMacAddress;
        }

How to Create RDLC Report in .NET

2013-05-23T14:56:00.004+05:30

   private DataTable ViewReport()
    {
        ReportBAL objBaseReport = new ReportBAL();
        objBaseReport.GVSerialNumber = txtGiftVoucher.Text.Trim();
        if (objBaseReport.GVSerialNumber == "")
            objBaseReport.GVSerialNumber = "0";
        objBaseReport.ShopId = Convert.ToInt32(ddlShop.SelectedValue);
        objBaseReport.FromDate = txtFromDate.Text;
        objBaseReport.ToDate = txtToDate.Text;

        objBaseReport.IsDateChk = true;
        DataSet ds = objDAL.ReportGiftVoucher(objBaseReport);

        return ds.Tables[0];
    }

private void BindReport()
    {
        DataTable dtComp = new DataTable();
        dtComp = objDAL.GetMasterCompany();
        if (dtComp.Rows.Count > 0)
        {
            CompanyName = Convert.ToString(dtComp.Rows[0]["CName"]);
            CompanyAddress = Convert.ToString(dtComp.Rows[0]["CAddress"]);
        }
        ReportDataSource rds = new ReportDataSource();
        rds.Name = "GiftVoucher";
        rds.Value = ViewReport();

        ReportViewer1.LocalReport.ReportPath = Server.MapPath("rptGiftVoucher.rdlc");
        ReportViewer1.LocalReport.DataSources.Clear();
        ReportViewer1.LocalReport.DataSources.Add(rds);

        ReportViewer1.LocalReport.EnableExternalImages = true;

        ReportParameter rp = new ReportParameter("CompanyName", CompanyName);
        ReportParameter rp1 = new ReportParameter("Address", CompanyAddress);
        ReportViewer1.LocalReport.SetParameters(new ReportParameter[] { rp, rp1 });

        ReportViewer1.LocalReport.Refresh();
    }

    protected void btnSearch_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        try
        {
            BindReport();
            ReportViewer1.Visible = true;
            divSearch.Style.Add("display", "none");
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            uctrlPositiveMessage.Visible = false;
            uctrlErrorMessage.Visible = true;
            ErrorMessage.Text = "Error:" + ex.Message;
        }

    }

2012-12-14T16:30:00.000+05:30

3 tier architecture example in asp.net with C#

Introduction

Here I will explain about uses of 3-Tier architecture and how to create or implement 3-tier architecture for our project in asp.net

Description

1. What is the use of 3-tier architecture and why we go for that architecture?

2. First we need to know what 3-Tier architecture is.

3. How to create 3-Tier architecture for our project?

Uses of 3-Tier Architecture

1. To make application more understandable.

2. Easy to maintain, easy to modify application and we can maintain good look of architecture.

3. If we use this 3-Tier application we can maintain our application in consistency manner.

Basically 3-Tier architecture contains 3 layers

1. Application Layer or Presentation Layer

2. Business Access Layer(BAL) or Business Logic Layer(BLL)

3. Data Access Layer(DAL)

Here I will explain each layer with simple example that is User Registration

Application Layer or Presentation Layer

Presentation layer contains UI part of our application i.e., our aspx pages or input is taken from the user. This layer mainly used for design purpose and get or set the data back and forth. Here I have designed my registration aspx page like this

This is Presentation Layer for our project Design your page like this and double click on button save now in code behind we need to write statements to insert data into database this entire process related to Business Logic Layer and Data Access Layer.

Now we will discuss about Business Access Layer or Business Logic Layer

Business Access Layer (BAL) or Business Logic Layer (BLL)

This layer contains our business logic, calculations related with the data like insert data, retrieve data and validating the data. This acts as a interface between Application layer and Data Access Layer

Now I will explain this business logic layer with my sample

I have already finished form design (Application Layer) now I need to insert user details into database if user click on button save. Here user entering details regarding Username, password, Firstname, Lastname, Email, phone no, Location. I need to insert all these 7 parameters to database. Here we are placing all of our database actions into data access layer (DAL) in this case we need to pass all these 7 parameters to data access layers.

In this situation we will write one function and we will pass these 7 parameters to function like this

String Username= InserDetails (string Username, string Password, string Email, string Firstname, string Lastname, string phnno, string Location)

If we need this functionality in another button click there also we need to declare the parameters like string Username, string Password like this rite. If we place all these parameters into one place and use these parameters to pass values from application layer to data access layer by using single object to whenever we require how much coding will reduce think about it for this reason we will create entity layer or property layer this layer comes under sub of group of our Business Logic layer

Don't get confuse just follow my instructions enough

How we have to create entity layer it is very simple

Right click on your project web application---> select add new item ----> select class file in wizard ---> give name as BEL.CS because here I am using this name click ok

Open the BEL.CS class file declare the parameters like this in entity layer

Don’t worry about code it’s very simple for looking it’s very big nothing is there just parameters declaration that’s all check I have declared whatever the parameters I need to pass to data access layer I have declared those parameters only

BEL.CS

#region Variables

/// <summary>

/// User Registration Variables

/// </summary>

private string _UserName;

private string _Password;

private string _FirstName;

private string _LastName;

private string _Email;

private string _Phoneno;

private string _Location;

private string _Created_By;

#endregion

/// <summary>

/// Gets or sets the <b>_UserName</b> attribute value.

/// </summary>

/// <value>The <b>_UserName</b> attribute value.</value>

public string UserName

{

get

{

return _UserName;

}

set

{

_UserName = value;

}

/// <summary>

/// Gets or sets the <b>_Password</b> attribute value.

/// </summary>

/// <value>The <b>_Password</b> attribute value.</value>

public string Password

{

get

{

return _Password;

}

set

{

_Password = value;

}

/// <summary>

/// Gets or sets the <b>_FirstName</b> attribute value.

/// </summary>

/// <value>The <b>_FirstName</b> attribute value.</value>

public string FirstName

{

get

{

return _FirstName;

}

set

{

_FirstName = value;

}

/// <summary>

/// Gets or sets the <b>_LastName</b> attribute value.

/// </summary>

/// <value>The <b>_LastName</b> attribute value.</value>

public string LastName

{

get

{

return _LastName;

}

set

{

_LastName = value;

}

/// <summary>

/// Gets or sets the <b>_Email</b> attribute value.

/// </summary>

/// <value>The <b>_Email</b> attribute value.</value>

public string Email

{

get

{

return _Email;

}

set

{

_Email = value;

}

/// <summary>

/// Gets or sets the <b>_Phoneno</b> attribute value.

/// </summary>

/// <value>The <b>_Phoneno</b> attribute value.</value>

public string Phoneno

{

get

{

return _Phoneno;

}

set

{

_Phoneno = value;

}

/// <summary>

/// Gets or sets the <b>_Location</b> attribute value.

/// </summary>

/// <value>The <b>_Location</b> attribute value.</value>

public string Location

{

get

{

return _Location;

}

set

{

_Location = value;

}

/// <summary>

/// Gets or sets the <b>_Created_By</b> attribute value.

/// </summary>

/// <value>The <b>_Created_By</b> attribute value.</value>

public string Created_By

{

get

{

return _Created_By;

}

set

{

_Created_By = value;

}

Our parameters declaration is finished now I need to create Business logic layer how I have create it follow same process for add one class file now give name called BLL.CS. Here one point don’t forget this layer will act as only mediator between application layer and data access layer based on this assume what this layer contains. Now I am writing the following BLL.CS(Business Logic layer)

#region Insert UserInformationDetails

/// <summary>

/// Insert UserDetails

/// </summary>

/// <param name="objUserBEL"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

public string InsertUserDetails(BEL objUserDetails)

{

DAL objUserDAL = new DAL();

try

{

return objUserDAL.InsertUserInformation(objUserDetails);

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

throw ex;

}

finally

{

objUserDAL = null;

}

#endregion

Here if you observe above code you will get doubt regarding these

what is

BEL objUserDetails

DAL objUserDAL = new DAL();

and how this method comes

return objUserDAL.InsertUserInformation(objUserDetails);

Here BEL objUserDetails means we already created one class file called BEL.CS with some parameters have you got it now I am passing all these parameters to Data access Layer by simply create one object for our BEL class file

What is about these statements I will explain about it in data access layer

DAL objUserDAL = new DAL();

return objUserDAL.InsertUserInformation(objUserDetails);

this DAL related our Data access layer. Check below information to know about that function and Data access layer

Data Access Layer(DAL)

Data Access Layer contains methods to connect with database and to perform insert,update,delete,get data from database based on our input data

I think it’s to much data now directly I will enter into DAL

Create one more class file like same as above process and give name as DAL.CS

Write the following code in DAL class file

//SQL Connection string

string ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["LocalConnection"].ToString();

#region Insert User Details

/// <summary>

/// Insert Job Details

/// </summary>

/// <param name="objBELJobs"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

public string InsertUserInformation(BEL objBELUserDetails)

{

SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString);

con.Open();

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("sp_userinformation", con);

cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

try

{

cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@UserName",objBELUserDetails.UserName);

cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Password", objBELUserDetails.Password);

cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@FirstName", objBELUserDetails.FirstName);

cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@LastName", objBELUserDetails.LastName);

cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Email", objBELUserDetails.Email);

cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@PhoneNo", objBELUserDetails.Phoneno);

cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Location", objBELUserDetails.Location);

cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Created_By", objBELUserDetails.Created_By);

cmd.Parameters.Add("@ERROR", SqlDbType.Char, 500);

cmd.Parameters["@ERROR"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;

cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

string strMessage = (string) cmd.Parameters["@ERROR"].Value;

con.Close();

return strMessage;

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

throw ex;

}

finally

{

cmd.Dispose();

con.Close();

con.Dispose();

}

#endregion

Here if you observe above functionality I am getting all the parameters by simply creating BEL objBELUserDetails. If we create one entity file we can access all parameters through out our project by simply creation of one object for that entity class based on this we can reduce redundancy of code and increase re usability

Observe above code have u seen this function before? in BLL.CS i said i will explain it later got it in DAL.CS I have created one function InsertUserInformation and using this one in BLL.CS by simply creating one object of DAL in BLL.CS.

Here you will get one doubt that is why BLL.CS we can use this DAL.CS directly into our code behind we already discuss Business logic layer provide interface between DAL and Application layer by using this we can maintain consistency to our application.

Now our Business Logic Layer is ready and our Data access layer is ready now how we can use this in our application layer write following code in your save button click like this

protected void btnsubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

string Output = string.Empty;

if (txtpwd.Text == txtcnmpwd.Text)

{

BEL objUserBEL = new BEL();

objUserBEL.UserName = txtuser.Text;

objUserBEL.Password = txtpwd.Text;

objUserBEL.FirstName = txtfname.Text;

objUserBEL.LastName = txtlname.Text;

objUserBEL.Email = txtEmail.Text;

objUserBEL.Phoneno = txtphone.Text;

objUserBEL.Location = txtlocation.Text;

objUserBEL.Created_By = txtuser.Text;

BLL objUserBLL = new BLL();

Output = objUserBLL.InsertUserDetails(objUserBEL);

}

else

{

Page.RegisterStartupScript("UserMsg", "<Script language='javascript'>alert('" + "Password mismatch" + "');</script>");

}

lblErrorMsg.Text = Output;

}

Here if you observe I am passing all parameters using this BEL(Entity Layer) and we are calling the method InsertUserDetails by using this BLL(Business Logic Layer)

Now run your applciation test with debugger you can get idea clearly.