<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895</id><updated>2024-08-30T17:32:22.292-07:00</updated><category term="Astro"/><category term="Foto"/><category term="English"/><category term="Artikel"/><category term="Sains"/><category term="Tips"/><title type='text'>Astronomi untuk pemula</title><subtitle type='html'>Semoga blog ini bisa membantu teman2 semua.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Fact To Know</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00690929904826258024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQo1tGADYfX6bB5wBbCXhfyJyKfui9UPfIX4xcX_bRFeBiDfoqPnrG1MuPrGAGmmk-KMvXTOxRL9XRKwci5FjkY3UCxwxrdxTwEqHA27JCXNSIBzlsFKxQ_Zjxz4TyNg/s220/blog_pic.png'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>22</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-8557226861681422201</id><published>2011-05-09T10:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-09T10:08:45.087-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Artikel"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Astro"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Foto"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Sains"/><title type='text'>B.7 Matahari adalah Bintang</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if !mso]&gt; &lt;style&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;
 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:&quot;Table Normal&quot;;
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-priority:99;
 mso-style-qformat:yes;
 mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:11.0pt;
 font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;
 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
 mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
 mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Untuk mendapatkan gambaran bagaimanakah wujud bintang-bintang itu, kita amati bintang yang ada di dalam sistem tatasurya kita yaitu matahari. Wujud bintang yang lain tidak jauh berbeda dengan matahari. Perbedaannya terdapat dalam hal suhu, warna, ukuran, massa, dan komposisi gasnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://augustdp.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/foto-kakibadai-matahari1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;http://augustdp.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/foto-kakibadai-matahari1.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Gambar 2. Matahari merupakan sebuah Bintang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Matahari kita merupakan dapur raksasa tempat proses ledakan nuklir yang sangat dahsyat. Pada pusat matahari terjadi ledakan inti hydrogen menjadi helium. Dari proses itu lahirlah panas yang tinggi, di pusat matahari suhunya sekitar 35 juta derajat celcius. Panas itu merambat dari bagian dalam ke bagian luar bola matahari. Di permukaannya tercatat suhu sekitar 6.000 derajat celcius. Panas inilah yang dipancarkan ke ruang angkasa hingga mencapai permukaan bumi setelah menempuh jarak 149,6 juta km.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSAb_H1pscExeWRMQtlq5elQyIABm8dhEmb0ofveMRAh9nqnR0Gk6JXyU2X4SZRYjZlZ9tZBzu2997ge9rsK52SIfY95HhSjvy2Lb5qOvCuB1I7JtgZYi7l3QFFFkdP3KYO5HVk0tHr_AW/s1600/Bagian-bagian-matahari-300x300.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSAb_H1pscExeWRMQtlq5elQyIABm8dhEmb0ofveMRAh9nqnR0Gk6JXyU2X4SZRYjZlZ9tZBzu2997ge9rsK52SIfY95HhSjvy2Lb5qOvCuB1I7JtgZYi7l3QFFFkdP3KYO5HVk0tHr_AW/s1600/Bagian-bagian-matahari-300x300.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Gambar 3. Susunan Matahari&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bola matahari berjari-jari 1.380.000 km. bagian luarnya yang tampak menyerupai piringan berwarna emas, dinamakan fotosfer (&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;photosphere&lt;/i&gt;). Bagian ini sebenarnya tidaklah selicin yang tampak dari bumi, melainkan terdiri atas gelembung seperti di permukaan air yang sedang mendidih. Sebuah gelembung di permukaan matahari itu bergaris tengah sekitar 1.000 km. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Diatas permukaan fotosfer terdapat lapisan atmosfer matahari yang paling bawah yang materialnya sangat jarang. Lapisan ini dinamakan khromosfer (&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Chromosphere&lt;/i&gt;). Diluarnya terdapat lapisan korona (&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;corona&lt;/i&gt;). Pada permukaan fotosfer itu ada kalanya terjadi semburan material matahari ke arah luar yang kemudian jatuh kembali ke permukaan matahari. Itulah yang dinamakan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;prominences&lt;/i&gt;. Ketiga lapisan terakhir itu sering kali tampak jelas pada waktu gerhana matahari total.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Di permukaan matahari juga terdapat fenomena lain yang disebut bintik matahari (&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;sunspots&lt;/i&gt;). Bintik matahari adalah bagian permukaan matahari yang suhunya lebih rendah daripada suhu di sekitarnya. Lebih-lebih lagi di tengah antara bintik-bintik itu terdapat begian yang memancar jauh lebih terang. Bagian yang terang dinamakan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;flare&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Material matahari yang disemburkan jauh dari permukaannya, ada juga yang mencapai atmosfer bumi, terutama di daerah kutub. Cahaya itu dikenal sebagai &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;aurora&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRJc21W0EPsUjT_rblAigoS__ND0Mj_YarSS1bLvmSKTJh5c5fKnA&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRJc21W0EPsUjT_rblAigoS__ND0Mj_YarSS1bLvmSKTJh5c5fKnA&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 120.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Gambar 5. Photosphere&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSwJ2RKo8gf_uMxTjWW_wP8OmTd8svjKBjHSrDnnbbEcPtNL7lf&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSwJ2RKo8gf_uMxTjWW_wP8OmTd8svjKBjHSrDnnbbEcPtNL7lf&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Gambar 6. Chromosphere&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQnci7nsSmqsqXH4Zl8KK_fvlloL_nsuhiSp02qALebZtsVpCTA&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQnci7nsSmqsqXH4Zl8KK_fvlloL_nsuhiSp02qALebZtsVpCTA&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Gambar 7. Corona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Matahari merupakan bintang yang berwarna kuning. Bintang lain yang sewarna ialah Capella pada rasi Auriga. Di atas telah dikatakan, bahwa antares berwarna merah. Perbedaan warna itu antara lain disebabkan perbedaan suhu bintang tersebut. Yang kuning bersuhu lebih tinggi daripada yang berwarna merah. Yang lebih panas dari matahari adalah bintang yang berwarna putih seperti bintang Sirius pada rasi Canis Mayor dan Vega pada rasi Lyra. Bintang yang paling panas berwarna kebiru-biruan seperti bintang Spica pada rasi Virgo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Orang melihat kenyataan bahwa matahari dikelilingi oleh planet-planet yang orbitnya berbentuk hampir mendekati bentuk lingkaran dan lintasannya hampir berimpitan. Arah peredaran semua planet itu sama, yaitu berlawanan dengan arah perputaran jarum jam, jika kita memandangnya dari Kutub Utara. Ternyata arah revolusi planet-planet itu sama dengan arah rotasi matahari. Lebih dari itu, rotasi sebagian besar planet dan satelit-satelitnya juga berarah sama. Arah seperti itu dinamakan juga arah negatif. Arah gerakan benda langit yang berlawanan dengan arah tersebut dinamakan arah positif, seperti arah peredaran matahari, terbit dari timur, lalu naik, dan terbenam di barat. Demikian juga peredaran harian bintang dan bulan, jika kita mengamati dari bumi. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Melihat kenyataan itu, ahli astronomi dan ahli fisika menggunakan hukum yang berlaku bagi benda yang berputar untuk menganalisis kejadian yang berlaku di alam. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tatasurya terbentuk dari material purba yang berputar dengan arah seperti diatas, arah negatif. Sekalipun pada kenyataannya terdapat penyimpangan arah rotasi dari arah yang umum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Sumber: Buku Pembinaan Guru Pembina OSN Astronomi 2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/feeds/8557226861681422201/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/05/b7-matahari-adalah-bintang.html#comment-form' title='1 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/8557226861681422201'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/8557226861681422201'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/05/b7-matahari-adalah-bintang.html' title='B.7 Matahari adalah Bintang'/><author><name>Fact To Know</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00690929904826258024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQo1tGADYfX6bB5wBbCXhfyJyKfui9UPfIX4xcX_bRFeBiDfoqPnrG1MuPrGAGmmk-KMvXTOxRL9XRKwci5FjkY3UCxwxrdxTwEqHA27JCXNSIBzlsFKxQ_Zjxz4TyNg/s220/blog_pic.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSAb_H1pscExeWRMQtlq5elQyIABm8dhEmb0ofveMRAh9nqnR0Gk6JXyU2X4SZRYjZlZ9tZBzu2997ge9rsK52SIfY95HhSjvy2Lb5qOvCuB1I7JtgZYi7l3QFFFkdP3KYO5HVk0tHr_AW/s72-c/Bagian-bagian-matahari-300x300.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-6524390706046123845</id><published>2011-02-14T23:16:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-14T23:16:46.300-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Astro"/><title type='text'>Quasars</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Dalam tahun 1960 ditemukan dua sumber radio yang diidentifikasi bersumber dari suatu bintang. Tahun 1963 ditemukan lagi dua buah sumber &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;‘&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;bintang radio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Hal ini merupakan objek yang sangat membingungkan para astronom sebab spektrum optisnya memperlihatkan garis emisi yang pada mulanya tidak dapat diidentifikasi dengan unsur kimia yang ada. Karena sumber radio ini tampak menyerupai bintang dalam teleskop optis dan cirinya sangat mirip bintang, maka objek ini dinamakan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;‘&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;quasars&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;(&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;quasi stellar radio sources&lt;/i&gt;) atau sering pula disebut &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;‘&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;QSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;’.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tech-faq.com/wp-content/uploads/images/Quasar.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.tech-faq.com/wp-content/uploads/images/Quasar.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;quasars (&lt;em&gt;quasi stellar radio sources&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dalam tahun 1963 Schmidt menemukan bahwa spektrum quasars memiliki pergeseran merah yang sangat besar. Hal ini sangat membingungkan para astronom karena objek ini relatif terang. Pergeseran merahnya menandakan bahwa objek ini sangat jauh namun dia merupakan sumber energi yang sangat luar biasa besarnya, jauh lebih besar daripada benda yang dikenal dalam astronomi dewasa ini. Berdasarkan perhitungan, energinya mencapai beberapa kali lebih besar dari keseluruhan energi dari seluruh bintang dalam galaksi Bima Sakti.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Sejak tahun 1980-an telah ditemukan lebih banyak lagi objek seperti ini, bahkan sampai ratusan quasars, dan ternyata semuanya memiliki cirri yang sama. Umumnya quasars sangat terang dalam seluruh panjang gelombang. Energi radionya seterang galaksi radio yang paling terang dan cahaya kasatmatanya jauh lebih terang daripada galaksi eliptis yang paling terang dan magnitudo mutlaknya mencapai rentang antara -25 samai -26. Dalam kenyataannya, cahayanya sangat biru, lebih biru dari semua bintang di langit. Salah satu cirinya yang dapat dikenal adalah radiasi ultravioletnya yang sangat berlebihan dibandingkan dengan bintang atau galaksi biasa. Hampir semua QSS ini variabel, baik dalam emisi radio maupun dalam cahaya kasatmatanya, dan variasinta tidak teratur atau acak. Karena QSS itu luminositasnya tinggi, perubahan dalam magnitudonya berarti terjadi pelepasan energi dalam jumlah yang amat besar secara tiba-tiba. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Spektrum quasars mempunyai beberapa komponen, diantaranya :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Perhitungan dari perubahan terangnya objek ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa objek ini berdiameter sekitar satu tahun cahaya. Sedangkan rerata galaksi berdiameter dalam ukuran ribuan tahun cahaya. Sedangkan rerata galaksi berdiameter dalam ukuran ribuan tahun cahaya. Pergeseran Doppler yang sangat besar menunjukkan bahwa objek ini menjauh dengan laju sekitar 0,9 laju cahaya. Kebanyakan peneliti memandang pergeseran merah dari quasars ini sebagai indikasi bahwa jaraknya amat jauh dan memiliki laju yang jauh lebih besar dari kebanyakan galaksi lainnya, dengan kecepatan sampai 225.000 km/s. Menurut grafik Hubble, ini menunjukkan jaraknya antara 10 sampai 12 milyar tahun cahaya. Jarak ini mendekati batas teoritik dari ukuran jagat raya yang nampak. Bila gerak menjauhi kita relative terhadap objek makin mendekati laju cahaya, gelombang cahaya yang kita terima menjadi makin memanjang, tidak lagi dalam gelombang cahaya, tetapi dalam gelombang radio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Penemuan bahwa semua quasars itu berada pada jarak yang sangat jauh serta memiliki laju yang sangat besar, ini memberikan dukungan yang sangat kuat pada hukum Hubble, dan secara langsung telah memperkuat teori &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;The Big Bang&lt;/b&gt; yang menyatakan bahwa jagad raya ini mengembang dan telah berubah dengan waktu. Bila quasars itu betul-betul begitu jauh, sesungguhnya kita melihat balik dalam waktu dan melihat sisa-sisa dari tahapan awal dari alam semesta kita, mungkin sebelum sistem galaksi yang sebenarnya itu tersusun.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPMOXQzGM7EyywYfuKjwb9f-94sYiD0upwFf95F8frAW1PYyKC98giyBnHJqAWz-9UawMMK215STWK2e3B3wOeg9FcAIJNfQSayOoZda0YQX6FoO-Wy3eKw9PsMMDS8ysmjXWVUzQ_Nbk/s1600/bigbang2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;295&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPMOXQzGM7EyywYfuKjwb9f-94sYiD0upwFf95F8frAW1PYyKC98giyBnHJqAWz-9UawMMK215STWK2e3B3wOeg9FcAIJNfQSayOoZda0YQX6FoO-Wy3eKw9PsMMDS8ysmjXWVUzQ_Nbk/s320/bigbang2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;The Big Bang Theory&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dalam tahun 1965 ditemukan adanya radiasi yang amat lemah dari semua arah dalam ruang angkasa dan pada panjang gelombang yang sama. Inilah panjang gelombang khusus yang telah diramalkan oleh Gamov dan Dicke yang diterima dari ledakan Big Bang asli yang tetap mengalir melalui alam semesta. Radiasinya adalah pada daerah sinar-x tetapi bertambah panjang karena kecepatan radial sehingga sekarang radiasi yang kita terima sebagai gelombang radio yang panjang. Penemuan ini telah memberikan bukti yang lebih banyak lagi bagi teori Big Bang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Matahari merupakan salah satu bintang diantara jutaan bintang yang membentuk galaksi Bima Sakti. Matahari terletak diantara jutaan bintang yang membentuk Galaksi Bima Sakti. Matahari terletak 30.000 tahun cahaya dari pusat galaksi kita dan 10.000 tahun cahaya dari bagian tengah galaksi kita. Bagian tengah galaksi ditempati antara lain bintang raksasa. Jari-jari sebuah bintang raksasa ada yang 390 kali panjang jari-jari matahari, atau lebih besar daripada jari-jari planet Mars. Bintang raksasa bernama Antares dapat anda amati pada bagian perut Rasi Scorpio, sebuah bintang merah yang paling terang pada rasi itu. Banyak bintang raksasa yang lain, bahkan banyak lagi yang lebih besar. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Letak matahari pada salah satu ujung galaksi itu. Matahari tidak termasuk bintang raksasa, melainkan berukuran sedang saja, sama dengan Alpha Centauri, tetangganya.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dari bumi kita hanya bisa mengamati sebagian saja dari Bima Sakti kita karena kita berada di dalamnya. Bagian dari Bima Sakti yang tampak itu merupakan bintang-bintang bertebaran di langit. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Sejak zaman dahulu, orang-orang telah mengamati bintang-bintang di langit. Bintang–bintang&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;itu kelihatan membentuk gugusan yang menimbulkan kesan lukisan seperti binatang, manusia, atau benda lain. Lahirlah nama-nama gugus bintang (rasi, konstelasi) seperti Cancer, Scorpio, Orion, Ursa Mayor, Crux, dan banyak lagi. Orang memberi nama rasi bintang itu sesuai dengan bayangan yang timbul dalam fantasinya. Rasi Orion di Indonesia dinamakan Waluku. Kelompok bintang yang oleh orang-orang Yunani diberi nama Crux, bentuknya seperti layang-layang dan nelayan menamainya bintang pari. Crux digunakan untuk menentukan arah selatan. Jika dari bintang yang paling atas ditarik garis ke bintang yang paling bawah, maka garis selanjutnya itu menunjukkan arah selatan. Pada waktu yang sama, di sebelah utara kita dapat melihat rasi bintangUrsa Mayor, yang di negara kita diberi nama bintang Biduk. Dua bintang yang paling depan menunjuk arah Utara.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ecmarsh.com/pages/images/zodiac.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;177&quot; src=&quot;http://www.ecmarsh.com/pages/images/zodiac.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;12 Rasi Bintang&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Ada 12 kelompok bintang yang selalu lewat sekitar titik di atas kepala kita yang tinggal di daerah Khatulistiwa. Deretan rasi bintang itu membentuk gelangyang dinamakan Zodiak. Nama kedua belas rasi bintang itu ialah Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagitarius, Capricornus, Aquarius, dan Pisces. Waktu yang baik untuk mengamati bintang ialah malam hari yang cerah, pada saat tidak ada bulan. Usahakan pula agar lampu di sekitar kita tidak dinyalakan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/feeds/6524390706046123845/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/quasars.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/6524390706046123845'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/6524390706046123845'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/quasars.html' title='Quasars'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPMOXQzGM7EyywYfuKjwb9f-94sYiD0upwFf95F8frAW1PYyKC98giyBnHJqAWz-9UawMMK215STWK2e3B3wOeg9FcAIJNfQSayOoZda0YQX6FoO-Wy3eKw9PsMMDS8ysmjXWVUzQ_Nbk/s72-c/bigbang2.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-7498030787636191559</id><published>2011-02-14T09:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-14T09:17:08.420-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Astro"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="English"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Foto"/><title type='text'>Galaxy part 4</title><content type='html'>&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbbAPpKYQZ6H_MwJyAs2mb4ud_4QedQNjYD93I_C-0g2Mh-OJklCjwTnYzGScTr2GFyWEUuNMc7sEX2NAG7m6q7xhy3LcgCcNrXoJWcG2pH6Yhoduk5Z7NYA954yDAbt5p9mKLdF4gPFNA/s1600/awan+magellan+besar.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;262&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbbAPpKYQZ6H_MwJyAs2mb4ud_4QedQNjYD93I_C-0g2Mh-OJklCjwTnYzGScTr2GFyWEUuNMc7sEX2NAG7m6q7xhy3LcgCcNrXoJWcG2pH6Yhoduk5Z7NYA954yDAbt5p9mKLdF4gPFNA/s320/awan+magellan+besar.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Magellan Cloud&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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1. Galaxy Irregular &lt;br /&gt;
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A few percent of galaxies are very bright in the sky is classified as irregular galaxies. Type of irregular galaxy is divided into two groups: the so-called group I and group IRR IRR II. IRR Group I consists of classes O and B stars and bright nebulae. Examples of this first group of the IRR is Large Magellanic Cloud and Small Magellanic Cloud, a neighboring galaxy closest to us. This type of galaxy contains many star clusters, variable stars, maharaksasa, and nebula gas. These galaxies consist of old stars and young stars. &lt;br /&gt;
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Galaxy II still resembles IRR IRR I, but did not reveal the existence of a star or star cluster that can be clearly separated from this galaxy that remain reveal the composition of an amorphous (amorphous). This marks the stars in this galaxy is not bright enough to be observed separately own. Besides the three types of galaxies that have been described, there are several other types such as type of CD, N, and S. &lt;br /&gt;
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2. Radio Galaxy&lt;br /&gt;
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The discovery of cosmic radio waves in 1931 showed that a continuous radio energy is emitted from the disk and halo of our galaxy. Since World War II have been found thousands of radio sources deskrit that each occupies a very small region in the sky. The vast majority of sources is known as ekstragalaktika deskrit. &lt;br /&gt;
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The first identification of radio sources with ekstragalaktik object is made in the year 1951. One of the strongest radio sources in space was found in 1948, called Cygnus A in the constellation Cygnus. Although all the galaxies emit radio waves, most of them are normal, just like the Milky Way galaxy, which emits radio waves with continuous spectrum emitted from the disk and halo, and the amount of radiation between 1033 until 1034 reratanya Js, very small when compared to visible wave energy generated . Besides, in many galaxies have been observed the existence of neutral hydrogen line. Doppler shift of the emission line, indicating the same radial velocity for a galaxy, just as the shift of spectral lines kasatmatanya. &lt;br /&gt;
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Instead there are galaxies that emit radio waves exceptional in very large quantities around 1037 Js, an amount of energy equal to or greater than the luminosity optisnya, so dinakan radio galaxies. Radio galaxies in all aspects of visual resemble normal galaxies, but others have a unique cirri, which is linked to its radio luminosity is extraordinary. For example, the galaxy NGC 1068, emit radio energy 100 times the ordinary spiral galaxy. Similarly, M87, a giant galaxy in the constellation Virgo eleptik emit radio energy thousands of times more of these types of galaxies are the brightest. &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gtn.sonoma.edu/images/cenA.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;316&quot; src=&quot;http://gtn.sonoma.edu/images/cenA.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Cen A galaxy with radio track&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some types of radio galaxies are quite complex as the source Cygnus A that although the distance is 1 billion light years, but has the strongest radio sources observed. Power emitted by the source Cygnus A on the radio frequency of about 1038 J / s, far more than the visible light produced by the visible galaxy. It turns out some very strong sources of radio galaxies to determine its amazing, like having the power up to 1040 J / s or about 100 trillion times the luminosity of the sun. This is a very compressed object, and have a very strong magnetic field. All this indicates that this object is a powerful source of energy that clog small. It is estimated that energy comes from a thousand million times the mass of solar masses.&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/feeds/7498030787636191559/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/galaxy-part-4.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/7498030787636191559'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/7498030787636191559'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/galaxy-part-4.html' title='Galaxy part 4'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbbAPpKYQZ6H_MwJyAs2mb4ud_4QedQNjYD93I_C-0g2Mh-OJklCjwTnYzGScTr2GFyWEUuNMc7sEX2NAG7m6q7xhy3LcgCcNrXoJWcG2pH6Yhoduk5Z7NYA954yDAbt5p9mKLdF4gPFNA/s72-c/awan+magellan+besar.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-5549200052576330802</id><published>2011-02-14T09:04:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-14T09:11:40.221-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Astro"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Foto"/><title type='text'>Galaksi part 4</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;1. Galaksi Tak Beraturan&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Beberapa persen dari galaksi yang amat terang di langit adalah tergolong galaksi tak teratur. Jenis galaksi irregular ini terbagi dalam dua kelompok yaitu yang disebut kelompok &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Irr I&lt;/b&gt; dan kelompok &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Irr II. &lt;/b&gt;Kelompok Irr I terdiri dari bintang kelas O dan B dan nebula terang. Contoh dari kelompok Irr I ini adalah Awan Magellan Besar dan Awan Magellan kecil, suatu galaksi tetangga yang paling dekat dengan kita. Galaksi tipe ini berisikan banyak gugus bintang, bintang variabel, maharaksasa, dan nebula gas. Galaksi ini terdiri dari bintang tua maupun bintang muda. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Galaksi Irr II tetap menyerupai Irr I, tetapi tidak menampakkan adanya bintang ataupun gugus bintang yang bisa dipisah secara jelas dari galaksi ini sehingga tetap menampakkan susunan yang tak berbentuk (amorfus). Ini menandakan bintang-bintang dalam galaksi ini tidak cukup terang untuk bisa diamati secara terpisah sendiri. Disamping tiga jenis galaksi yang telah diuraikan, masih ada beberapa tipe lain seperti tipe CD, N, dan S.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbbAPpKYQZ6H_MwJyAs2mb4ud_4QedQNjYD93I_C-0g2Mh-OJklCjwTnYzGScTr2GFyWEUuNMc7sEX2NAG7m6q7xhy3LcgCcNrXoJWcG2pH6Yhoduk5Z7NYA954yDAbt5p9mKLdF4gPFNA/s1600/awan+magellan+besar.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;262&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbbAPpKYQZ6H_MwJyAs2mb4ud_4QedQNjYD93I_C-0g2Mh-OJklCjwTnYzGScTr2GFyWEUuNMc7sEX2NAG7m6q7xhy3LcgCcNrXoJWcG2pH6Yhoduk5Z7NYA954yDAbt5p9mKLdF4gPFNA/s320/awan+magellan+besar.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Awan Magellan Besar&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;2. Galaksi Radio&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Penemuan gelombang radio kosmik dalam tahun 1931 memperlihatkan bahwa energi radio kontinu itu dipancarkan dari piringan dan halo dari galaksi kita. Semenjak perang dunia II telah ditemukan ribuan sumber radio deskrit yang masing-masing menempati wilayah yang sangat kecil di langit. Sebagian terbesar dari sumber deskrit ini dikenal sebagai ekstragalaktika.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Identifikasi pertama sumber radio dengan objek ekstragalaktik ini di buat dalam tahun 1951. Salah satu sumber radio yang terkuat di antariksa ditemukan dalam tahun 1948 yang dinamakan &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Cygnus A &lt;/b&gt;di rasi bintang Cygnus. Walaupun semua galaksi memancarkan gelombang radio, kebanyakannya adalah normal, sama seperti galaksi Bima Sakti, yang memancarkan gelombang radio dengan spektrum kontinu yang dipancarkan dari piringan dan halo, dan jumlah radiasi reratanya antara 10&lt;sup&gt;33&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt; &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;sampai 10&lt;sup&gt;34&lt;/sup&gt; Js, sangat kecil jika dibandingkan energi yang dihasilkan gelombang kasatmata. Disamping itu dalam banyak galaksi telah diamati adanya garis hydrogen netral. Pergeseran Doppler dari garis emisi ini menandakan kecepatan radial yang sama untuk suatu galaksi, sama seperti pergeseran garis spektrum kasatmatanya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Sebaliknya ada galaksi yang memancarkan energi radio yang luar biasa dalam jumlah yang sangat besar sekitar 10&lt;sup&gt;37 &lt;/sup&gt;Js, suatu jumlah energi yang sama dengan atau lebih besar daripada luminositas optisnya, sehingga dinakan &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;galaksi radio&lt;/b&gt;. Galaksi radio dalam semua aspek visualnya menyerupai galaksi biasa, tetapi yang lainnya memiliki cirri yang unik, yang berkait dengan luminositas radionya yang luar biasa. Misalnya galaksi NGC 1068, memancarkan energi radio 100 kali galaksi spiral biasa. Demikian pula M87, suatu galaksi eleptik raksasa di rasi virgo memancarkan energi radio ribuan kali lebih banyak dari jenis galaksi ini yang paling terang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gtn.sonoma.edu/images/cenA.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;316&quot; src=&quot;http://gtn.sonoma.edu/images/cenA.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Cen A dengan gambar gelombang radionya.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Beberapa jenis galaksi radio yang cukup komplek seperti sumber Cygnus A yang walaupun jaraknya 1 milyar tahun cahaya namun memiliki sumber radio terkuat yang teramati. Daya yang dipancarkan sumber Cygnus A pada frekuensi radio sekitar 10&lt;sup&gt;38&lt;/sup&gt; J/s, jauh lebih banyak daripada cahaya kasatmata yang dihasilkan oleh galaksi yang terlihat. Ternyata beberapa sumber yang amat kuat dalam galaksi radio menentukan sifatnya yang luar biasa, seperti memiliki daya sampai 10&lt;sup&gt;40&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp; J/s atau sekitar 100 triliun kali luminositas matahari. Ini merupakan objek yang sangat mampat, dan memiliki medan magnetik yang sangat kuat. Semua ini menunjukkan bahwa objek ini adalah suatu sumber energi yang sangat kuat yang kecil mampat. Diperkirakan energinya berasal dari massa yang ribuan juta kali massa matahari.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;narnTimes N daew Roman&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/feeds/5549200052576330802/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/1.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/5549200052576330802'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/5549200052576330802'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/1.html' title='Galaksi part 4'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbbAPpKYQZ6H_MwJyAs2mb4ud_4QedQNjYD93I_C-0g2Mh-OJklCjwTnYzGScTr2GFyWEUuNMc7sEX2NAG7m6q7xhy3LcgCcNrXoJWcG2pH6Yhoduk5Z7NYA954yDAbt5p9mKLdF4gPFNA/s72-c/awan+magellan+besar.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-5034276887413854944</id><published>2011-02-12T03:46:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-12T03:46:08.709-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="English"/><title type='text'>Galaxy part 3</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Star Populations in the Galaxy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Stars as the object in this universe has different characteristics such as size, shape, mass, luminosity, and age. There is a relationship between the characteristics of stars with a place in the galaxy. Young star around the age of several million years, illuminates the spiral arms of our galaxy. These stars are stars that are brighter and the blue group occupies in the main sequence. Strong radiation of interstellar gas clouds shining such as fog Horse Head (horsehead Nebula). Half stars age, around the age of several billion years, evenly distributed throughout the disc, while old stars, with age more than 10 billion years, scattered around the disk which appears in the halo and core regions (the galactic center region). &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Of the stars that make up this galaxy, about half of a double star system (binary) or a star system where two or more stars there are in a mutually orbiting systems caused by traction grafitasinya. Many stars are also bound together by gravity that form clusters (clusters) that contain hundreds of thousands of stars in the region of hundreds of light years or more. Our galaxy alone contains 400 billion stars with a range of about 100,000 light years. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Giant all-star who is very bright, and main sequence stars with high luminosity (classes O and B) and type I Chepeid stars contained in the region of interstellar matter in the spiral arms of galaxies. Medium types of other stars has nothing to do with his place in the galaxy, such as planetary nebulae, nova, Chepeid type II, Lyrae variable stars, and globular clusters. Main sequence star class F and M, as well as red giants and white dwarfs are in all parts of the galaxy. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Similarly, chemical composition, there is a difference of stars whose position is different in the galaxy. Sun and other stars are related to the interstellar matter of the spiral arms have heavy elements of about 1-4% of the total mass of stars. Medium galaktika halo stars and globular clusters, has a heavy element is much less about 0.1 to 0.01 of the sun. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;The stars that inhabit the spiral arms is often said to include population I, while the other is in place in the galaxy is said to include population II. Population I consists of stars with different ages, including a new star or who is undergoing formation. Medium population II consists entirely of old stars, maybe even the formation of our galaxy&#39;s age.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/feeds/5034276887413854944/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/galaxy-part-3.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/5034276887413854944'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/5034276887413854944'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/galaxy-part-3.html' title='Galaxy part 3'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-1696783480349302909</id><published>2011-02-12T03:40:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-12T03:40:36.659-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Tentang Galaksi bag. 3</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;B.2&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Populasi Bintang dalam Galaksi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bintang sebagai objek dalam jagat raya ini memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda seperti ukuran, bentuk, massa, luminositas, serta usianya. Terdapat hubungan antara karakteristik bintang dengan tempatnya dalam galaksi. Bintang muda usia sekitar beberapa juta tahun, menyinari lengan spiral galaksi kita. Bintang-bintang ini merupakan bintang yang lebih terang dan menempati kelompok biru di deret utama. Radiasinya yang kuat menyinari awan gas antar bintang seperti misalnya Kabut Kepala Kuda (&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;horsehead Nebula&lt;/i&gt;). Bintang-bintang setengah usia, sekitar usia beberapa milyar tahun, terdistribusi secara rata di seluruh piringan, sedangkan bintang-bintang tua,dengan usia lebih dari 10 milyar tahun, tersebar mengelilingi piringan yang nampak dalam halo dan daerah inti (daerah pusat galaksi). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dari bintang-bintang yang membentuk galaksi ini, kira-kira setengahnya merupakan sistem bintang ganda (&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;binary&lt;/i&gt;) atau sistem banyak bintang dimana dua atau lebih bintang-bintang ada dalam sistem yang saling mengorbit yang disebabkan oleh tarikan grafitasinya. Banyak bintang-bintang juga terikat bersama oleh grafitasi yang membentuk gugus (&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;cluster&lt;/i&gt;) yang berisikan ratusan ribu bintang dalam wilayah ratusan tahun cahaya atau lebih. Galaksi kita sendiri berisikan 400 milyar bintang dengan rentangan sekitar 100.000 tahun cahaya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bintang maha raksasa yang sangat terang, dan bintang-bintang deret utama dengan luminositas tinggi (kelas O dan B) dan bintang Chepeid tipe I terdapat dalam daerah materi antar bintang yaitu pada lengan spiral galaksi. Sedang jenis bintang lainnya tidak ada hubungannya dengan tempatnya dalam galaksi seperti planet nebula, nova, Chepeid tipe II, bintang variabel Lyrae, dan gugus bola. Bintang deret utama kelas F dan M, seperti halnya dengan raksasa merah dan katai putih berada dalam semua bagian dalam galaksi. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Demikian pula dengan komposisi kimianya, terdapat perbedaan dari bintang-bintang yang kedudukannya berbeda dalam galaksi. Matahari dan bintang lainnya yang berkait dengan materi antar bintang dari lengan spiral memiliki unsur-unsur berat sekitar 1 – 4% dari massa total bintang. Sedang bintang halo galaktika dan gugus bola, memiliki unsur berat yang jauh lebih sedikit sekitar 0,1 sampai 0,01 dari matahari.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bintang-bintang yang menghuni lengan spiral sering dikatakan termasuk populasi I, sedang yang berada ditempat lainnya dalam galaksi dikatakan termasuk populasi II. Populasi I terdiri dari bintang-bintang dengan usia yang berbeda-beda, termasuk diantaranya bintang baru ataupun yang sedang mengalami pembentukan. Sedang populasi II seluruhnya terdiri dari bintang-bintang tua bahkan mungkin terbentuknya seusia galaksi kita.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/feeds/1696783480349302909/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/tentang-galaksi-bag-3.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/1696783480349302909'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/1696783480349302909'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/tentang-galaksi-bag-3.html' title='Tentang Galaksi bag. 3'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-5175531528117214727</id><published>2011-02-09T00:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-09T00:57:54.834-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Galaxy part 2</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Types of Galaxies&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Galaxy, as with other objects in the universe has the size, shape, mass, and luminosity that varies.&amp;nbsp;There are three forms of bentul spiral galaxies, elliptical, and irregular shape, but most of the three is the type of spiral and elliptical.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;a.&amp;nbsp;Spiral Galaxy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtqOwMSSFxB4po8TXpbPemeJ-Z1unGz91PTYjvz3ZGHc0NkrPcPRfpNRKnnYSi1MJ_CU8DbhqvRoijJe1tha7FBljYqxC3XWida3G7ZDPnLtAb5Wr4sVFcKqTBxBXZNRda4ISwBzSOTvfB/s1600/M51HST-Gendler800r.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtqOwMSSFxB4po8TXpbPemeJ-Z1unGz91PTYjvz3ZGHc0NkrPcPRfpNRKnnYSi1MJ_CU8DbhqvRoijJe1tha7FBljYqxC3XWida3G7ZDPnLtAb5Wr4sVFcKqTBxBXZNRda4ISwBzSOTvfB/s320/M51HST-Gendler800r.jpg&quot; width=&quot;222&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Figure 1. M51 Galaxy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;One example is a spiral galaxy of our Milky Way galaxy.&amp;nbsp;This spiral galaxy consists of core, disc, halo, and the spiral arms.&amp;nbsp;The material in the form of interstellar gas and dust clouds are generally found in the spiral arms of galaxies.&amp;nbsp;Also often seen the bright nebula and the absorption of light by interstellar dust.&amp;nbsp;Spiral arms contain young blue stars, including giants very bright.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Open star cluster can be seen in the nearest spiral arm, and most of the globular clusters seen in the halo.&amp;nbsp;Spiral galaxy contains many young stars and old stars.&amp;nbsp;In addition to the Milky Way galaxy and Andromeda galaxy, some other spiral galaxies are prominent among: other galaxies and galaxy M.51 M.33.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A small spiral galaxy appeared as a rotating shaft through the core, and a new spiral-shaped arm starting at the end of the rod.&amp;nbsp;Therefore this type of galaxy spiral galaxy called the stem.&amp;nbsp;This spiral stem sometimes contain interstellar matter and young stars.&amp;nbsp;Diameter spiral galaxies between 20,000 and 100,000 light years and hello stretches far greater than the diameter piringannya.&amp;nbsp;The period of spiral galaxies between 109 to 1012 solar masses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAK5et-bCtGUfAn-t3CzCarNPnvcwVNghdPHqhA3c_gpqJ5xCKfSiPIovOS0RCin-CyAvLUh6kMACOoQTZBl1qqq7qQQcEhPX18NZmHlgJDuzBL_sELA__hK9eAw_lShI6y3oDVMEDKhvZ/s1600/M33_crawford_c900.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;268&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAK5et-bCtGUfAn-t3CzCarNPnvcwVNghdPHqhA3c_gpqJ5xCKfSiPIovOS0RCin-CyAvLUh6kMACOoQTZBl1qqq7qQQcEhPX18NZmHlgJDuzBL_sELA__hK9eAw_lShI6y3oDVMEDKhvZ/s320/M33_crawford_c900.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Figure 2. M33 Galaxy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;b.&amp;nbsp;Elliptical galaxy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;More than two thirds of the galaxy stood out in the skies is included in the spiral galaxy.&amp;nbsp;But in fact most of the galaxies in this universe of space luminositasnya relatively low, so that is not visible from a distance is very large.&amp;nbsp;Most dwarf galaxies are classified as type elliptical galaxy.Furthermore, many star clusters mainly contained in these elliptical galaxies.&amp;nbsp;So in fact an elliptical galaxy is far more than any other type spiral galaxies.&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Elliptical galaxy is speris or ellipsoidal system which consists almost entirely of old stars.Elliptical galaxies are more like the core and halo components of spiral galaxies.&amp;nbsp;There is no bright nebula found in this elliptical galaxy.&amp;nbsp;Most stars are concentrated toward its center, while the more spread out very rarely extends over very large distances so it is not clearly defined in space.&amp;nbsp;That is why it is difficult to determine the size of this elliptical galaxy.&amp;nbsp;Elliptical galaxies form does not indicate that the disk-shaped galaxy is rotating slowly, not as fast as the rotation of spiral galaxies.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Elliptical galaxies have a size, mass, and luminositasnya in a much larger range of spiral galaxies.&amp;nbsp;For example galaxy M.87, luminositasnya larger than the known spiral galaxy, such as the Andromeda galaxy.&amp;nbsp;Likewise, the mass can reach the 1013 solar masses.&amp;nbsp;But the galaxy Leo II, is a dwarf elliptical galaxy with a luminosity of about 106 luminosity of the Sun and its diameter is about 5000 light years.&amp;nbsp;Ni galaxy about 750,000 light-years away.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcnYhdS32lkTjlFtADqDhF8eHqs4XnA402eJ_qraG4QYVtw6fb9DV07Nd6vGSXEZPlJYdynBplt8NBgnQYss9oOA-OCvnAMZGk-ECSbrd4E6aEAtUIHCjH_0i_OZosZSvs413_qYAL98h_/s1600/centaurusA_carruthers_c900.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcnYhdS32lkTjlFtADqDhF8eHqs4XnA402eJ_qraG4QYVtw6fb9DV07Nd6vGSXEZPlJYdynBplt8NBgnQYss9oOA-OCvnAMZGk-ECSbrd4E6aEAtUIHCjH_0i_OZosZSvs413_qYAL98h_/s320/centaurusA_carruthers_c900.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Figure 3. Elliptical Galaxy (Cen A Galaxy)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/feeds/5175531528117214727/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/types-of-galaxies-as-with-other-objects.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/5175531528117214727'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/5175531528117214727'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/types-of-galaxies-as-with-other-objects.html' title='Galaxy part 2'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtqOwMSSFxB4po8TXpbPemeJ-Z1unGz91PTYjvz3ZGHc0NkrPcPRfpNRKnnYSi1MJ_CU8DbhqvRoijJe1tha7FBljYqxC3XWida3G7ZDPnLtAb5Wr4sVFcKqTBxBXZNRda4ISwBzSOTvfB/s72-c/M51HST-Gendler800r.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-3219217752769023263</id><published>2011-02-09T00:30:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-09T00:37:56.582-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Astro"/><title type='text'>Galaksi bag. 2</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Jenis-jenis Galaksi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Galaksi, seperti halnya dengan objek lain di alam semesta ini memiliki ukuran, bentuk, massa, dan luminositas yang bervariasi. Ada tiga bentuk galaksi yaitu bentul spiral, eliptis, dan bentuk yang tak teratur, tetapi yang terbanyak dari ketiganya adalah jenis spiral dan eliptis. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Galaksi Spiral&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Salah satu contoh galaksi spiral adalah galaksi Bima Sakti kita ini. Galaksi spiral ini terdiri dari inti, piringan, halo, dan lengan spiral. Materi antar bintang berupa awan gas dan debu umumnya terdapat pada lengan spiral galaksi. Juga sering nampak adanya nebula yang terang dan penyerapan cahaya oleh debu antar bintang. Lengan spiral berisikan bintang biru berusia muda, termasuk maha raksasa yang sangat terang. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtqOwMSSFxB4po8TXpbPemeJ-Z1unGz91PTYjvz3ZGHc0NkrPcPRfpNRKnnYSi1MJ_CU8DbhqvRoijJe1tha7FBljYqxC3XWida3G7ZDPnLtAb5Wr4sVFcKqTBxBXZNRda4ISwBzSOTvfB/s1600/M51HST-Gendler800r.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtqOwMSSFxB4po8TXpbPemeJ-Z1unGz91PTYjvz3ZGHc0NkrPcPRfpNRKnnYSi1MJ_CU8DbhqvRoijJe1tha7FBljYqxC3XWida3G7ZDPnLtAb5Wr4sVFcKqTBxBXZNRda4ISwBzSOTvfB/s320/M51HST-Gendler800r.jpg&quot; width=&quot;222&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Gambar 1. Galaksi M51&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Gugus bintang terbuka dapat terlihat dalam lengan spiral terdekat, dan gugus bola kebanyakan terlihat dalam halo. Galaksi spiral berisikan banyak bintang muda maupun bintang tua. Di samping galaksi bima sakti dan galaksi Andromeda, beberapa galaksi spiral lainnya yang menonjol antara: lain galaksi M.51 dan galaksi M.33. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAK5et-bCtGUfAn-t3CzCarNPnvcwVNghdPHqhA3c_gpqJ5xCKfSiPIovOS0RCin-CyAvLUh6kMACOoQTZBl1qqq7qQQcEhPX18NZmHlgJDuzBL_sELA__hK9eAw_lShI6y3oDVMEDKhvZ/s1600/M33_crawford_c900.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;268&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAK5et-bCtGUfAn-t3CzCarNPnvcwVNghdPHqhA3c_gpqJ5xCKfSiPIovOS0RCin-CyAvLUh6kMACOoQTZBl1qqq7qQQcEhPX18NZmHlgJDuzBL_sELA__hK9eAw_lShI6y3oDVMEDKhvZ/s320/M33_crawford_c900.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Gambar 2. Galaksi M33&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; Sebagian kecil galaksi spiral menampakkan diri seperti batang yang berputar melalui intinya, dan lengan berbentuk spiralnya baru mulai pada ujung batang. Oleh karena itu jenis galaksi seperti ini sering disebut &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;galaksi spiral batang. &lt;/b&gt;Batang spiral ini kadang-kadang berisikan materi antar bintang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times N daew Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; dan bintang muda. Galaksi spiral berdiameter antara 20.000 sampai 100.000 tahun cahaya dan halo terentang jauh lebih besar dari diameter piringannya. Masa galaksi spiral antara 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; sampai 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; massa matahari. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times N daew Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times N daew Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Galaksi Eliptis&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times N daew Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times N daew Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Lebih dari 2/3 dari galaksi yang tampak menonjol di langit adalah termasuk dalam galaksi spiral. Akan tetapi sebe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;narnTimes N daew Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;narnya kebanyakan galaksi dalam ruang semesta ini luminositasnya relative rendah, sehingga tidak terlihat dari jarak yang sangat besar. Kebanyakan galaksi katai ini tergolong jenis galaksi eliptis. Lebih jauh, gugus bintang terutama banyak terdapat pada galaksi eliptis ini. Jadi sebenarnya galaksi eliptis ini jauh lebih banyak daripada jenis galaksi spiral. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;narnTimes N daew Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Galaksi eliptis adalah sistem speris ataupun ellipsoidal yang hampir seluruhnya terdiri dari bintang tua. Galaksi eliptis ini lebih menyerupai komponen inti dan halo dari galaksi spiral. Tidak ada ditemukan nebula terang dalam galaksi eliptis ini. Kebanyakan bintang terkonsentrasi ke arah pusatnya, sedangkan semakin keluar tersebar dengan sangat jarang meluas sampai jarak yang sangat besar sehingga tidak jelas batasannya dengan ruang angkasa. Itulah sebabnya sukar untuk menentukan ukuran dari galaksi eliptis ini. Bentuk galaksi eliptis tidak berbentuk piringan menandakan bahwa galaksi ini rotasinya lambat, tidak secepat rotasi galaksi spiral.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;narnTimes N daew Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Galaksi eliptis memiliki ukuran, massa, dan luminositasnya dalam rentang yang jauh lebih besar dari galaksi spiral. Misalnya galaksi M.87, luminositasnya lebih besar dari galaksi spiral yang dikenal, seperti misalnya galaksi Andromeda. Demikian juga dengan massanya bisa mencapai 10&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt; massa matahari. Namun galaksi Leo II, adalah merupakan galaksi eliptis katai dengan luminositas sekitar 10&lt;sup&gt;6 &lt;/sup&gt;luminositas matahari dan diameternya sekitar 5000 tahun cahaya. Galaksi ni jaraknya sekitar 750.000 tahun cahaya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;narnTimes N daew Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcnYhdS32lkTjlFtADqDhF8eHqs4XnA402eJ_qraG4QYVtw6fb9DV07Nd6vGSXEZPlJYdynBplt8NBgnQYss9oOA-OCvnAMZGk-ECSbrd4E6aEAtUIHCjH_0i_OZosZSvs413_qYAL98h_/s1600/centaurusA_carruthers_c900.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcnYhdS32lkTjlFtADqDhF8eHqs4XnA402eJ_qraG4QYVtw6fb9DV07Nd6vGSXEZPlJYdynBplt8NBgnQYss9oOA-OCvnAMZGk-ECSbrd4E6aEAtUIHCjH_0i_OZosZSvs413_qYAL98h_/s320/centaurusA_carruthers_c900.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Gambar 3. Galaksi Cen A&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;narnTimes N daew Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/feeds/3219217752769023263/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/jenis-jenis-galaksi-galaksi-seperti.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/3219217752769023263'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/3219217752769023263'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/jenis-jenis-galaksi-galaksi-seperti.html' title='Galaksi bag. 2'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtqOwMSSFxB4po8TXpbPemeJ-Z1unGz91PTYjvz3ZGHc0NkrPcPRfpNRKnnYSi1MJ_CU8DbhqvRoijJe1tha7FBljYqxC3XWida3G7ZDPnLtAb5Wr4sVFcKqTBxBXZNRda4ISwBzSOTvfB/s72-c/M51HST-Gendler800r.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-2166506342708189539</id><published>2011-02-07T03:38:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-07T04:53:19.982-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="English"/><title type='text'>Galaxy part 1</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;B.&amp;nbsp;Galaxy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
B.1 Galaxy In Universe&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;In a universe of thousands of galaxies spread with a very large distance and large respectively as well.&amp;nbsp;Our galaxy, which is where our sun as a member, called the Milky Way.&amp;nbsp;In English is called Milky Way.&amp;nbsp;The diameter of the Milky Way galaxy 80,000 light years away (one light second = 300,000 km, which means that light propagating in one second and a distance of 300,000 km).&amp;nbsp;The nearest galaxy with the Milky Way is the Magellan Clouds (Magellanic Clouds).&amp;nbsp;The distance that the two galaxy light 160,000 years.&amp;nbsp;In the universe there are thousands of galaxies spread.&amp;nbsp;May the Lord step that the All-Knowing, how vast the universe.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;By mapping the haze of gas and bright main sequence stars (O stars and B) and by observing the direction and motion of a large number of O and B stars, as well as the distribution of rotational motion of the nebula and galaxies at various distances from its center, it can be concluded that the distribution of stars in&amp;nbsp;we are a large disc-shaped galaxy that contains flattened about 100,000 light-years away and the sun is about 30,000 light years from the galactic center.&amp;nbsp;Lamellar structure of this galaxy is caused by rotational motion and the sun moves around the center of our galaxy with a speed of 250 km / s and with a period 200 million years.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;The main part of the galaxy composed of stars that form a relatively flat disc with cembungan at its center called the nucleus of the galaxy.&amp;nbsp;The stars in this galaxy&#39;s core distance is close to one another.&amp;nbsp;Extends out from the core there is disk like a spiral galaxy that churned out from the galactic core called the spiral arms.&amp;nbsp;Figure 1 shows a chart of the Milky Way galaxy 100,000 light-years in diameter and the sun is at one of the spiral arms in the position of 30 000 light years from the galactic center.Spiral arm is made up of cosmic clouds of gas and dust that many called the interstellar medium.&amp;nbsp;Along with gas and dust clouds have a lot of young stars, some of which are very hot and very bright.&amp;nbsp;In a cloud of interstellar gas and dust in spiral arms is still the formation of new stars.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Besides, the galaxy contains numerous star clusters (star cluster), a group of stars that may have the same origin and age.&amp;nbsp;There are two types of star clusters namely open clusters and globular clusters.&amp;nbsp;The most common and the number of thousands is an open group or also with a group called galaktika, which usually consists of several hundred stars that are not so strongly bound together by gravity in space.&amp;nbsp;Open cluster is located on the main disk galaxy and usually located in or near spiral arms.&amp;nbsp;Globular clusters form a system of hundreds of speroidal layering this dish, and each cluster contains hundreds of thousands of stars.&amp;nbsp;Besides that there are not any stars to be members of the group, but the number far exceeds the star cluster and the entire region is at the star cluster.&amp;nbsp;Any stars and star clusters form a so-called halo galaktika.&amp;nbsp;Hello This volume covers an area which exceeds several times larger than the main disk galaxy.&amp;nbsp;Galaktika radio emission suggests that the halo contains gas, and the x-ray radiation from the gas.&amp;nbsp;This indicates that the gas is very hot in the order of 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; K.&amp;nbsp;This hot gas extends only to the inside of this halo called the corona and galactic.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;The closer towards the galactic core, especially near the middle core cembungan disk galaxies, stars and star clusters of the halo is more tightly than in areas far from the galactic core.&amp;nbsp;Halo has a thickness of at least 100 000 TC, and even in the direction of the galactic plane in diameter can be up to two or three hundred thousand light years, and extends far beyond the circumference of the main disk galaxy.&amp;nbsp;among the stars of its members&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5VVxarQfkCc_j_Q_vCMANr6qQ3T_xbMrNvICVbJMOHyhdoY6NgcTY-q3Qep60a0mLq0M-6Pj28ND6wXqJTtGZXDbYUAKD3Q9_p9U1RXSmXnBjl2BHSOARwrqss-D5cF9A0eKl0Lvf-pUx/s1600/andromeda_gendler.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5VVxarQfkCc_j_Q_vCMANr6qQ3T_xbMrNvICVbJMOHyhdoY6NgcTY-q3Qep60a0mLq0M-6Pj28ND6wXqJTtGZXDbYUAKD3Q9_p9U1RXSmXnBjl2BHSOARwrqss-D5cF9A0eKl0Lvf-pUx/s320/andromeda_gendler.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Figure&amp;nbsp;1.&amp;nbsp;Part&amp;nbsp;Milky&amp;nbsp;Way&amp;nbsp;with&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;sun at one point.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/2166506342708189539'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/2166506342708189539'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/galaxy-part-1.html' title='Galaxy part 1'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5VVxarQfkCc_j_Q_vCMANr6qQ3T_xbMrNvICVbJMOHyhdoY6NgcTY-q3Qep60a0mLq0M-6Pj28ND6wXqJTtGZXDbYUAKD3Q9_p9U1RXSmXnBjl2BHSOARwrqss-D5cF9A0eKl0Lvf-pUx/s72-c/andromeda_gendler.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-6098028450798561224</id><published>2011-02-07T00:03:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-07T03:34:21.339-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Galaksi bag. 1</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;B. Galaksi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;B.1&amp;nbsp; Galaksi Dalam Jagat Raya&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Dalam jagat raya tersebar ribuan galaksi dengan jarak yang sangat besar dan masing-masing berukuran besar pula. Galaksi kita, yaitu tempat matahari kita sebagai anggotanya, dinamakan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Galaksi Bima Sakti.&lt;/i&gt; Dalam bahasa Inggrisnya dinamakan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Milky Way.&lt;/i&gt; Diameter galaksi bima sakti 80.000 tahun cahaya (satu detik cahaya = 300.000 km, artinya dalam satu detik cahaya merambat dan menempuh jarak 300.000 km). Galaksi yang terdekat dengan Bima Sakti adalah Awan Magellan (&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Magellanic Clouds&lt;/i&gt;). Jarak kedua galaksi itu 160.000 tahun cahaya. Di dalam jagat raya terdapat ribuan galaksi yang tersebar. Kiranya Tuhan jualah yang Maha Mengetahui, betapa luas jagat raya ini. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Dengan memetakan kabut gas dan bintang terang deret utama (bintang O dan B) dan dengan mengamati arah dan gerak sejumlah besar bintang O dan B, serta distribusi nebula dan gerak rotasi galaksi pada berbagai jarak dari pusatnya, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebaran bintang-bintang dalam galaksi kita berbentuk piringan besar yang pipih berisikan sekitar 100.000 tahun cahaya dan matahari berada sekitar 30.000 tahun cahaya dari pusat galaksi. Bentuk pipih galaksi ini disebabkan oleh gerak rotasinya dan matahari kita bergerak mengitari pusat galaksi dengan laju 250 km/s dan dengan periode 200 juta tahun .&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Bagian utama dari galaksi tersusun dari bintang-bintang yang membentuk piringan yang relative pipih dengan cembungan pada bagian tengahnya yang dinamakan &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;inti galaksi.&lt;/b&gt; Bintang-bintang pada inti galaksi ini jaraknya dekat satu dengan yang lainnya. Melebar keluar dari inti galaksi terdapat piringan seperti spiral yang melilit keluar dari inti yang galaksi yang dinamakan &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;lengan spiral. &lt;/b&gt;Gambar 1 memperlihatkan bagan galaksi bima sakti dengan diameter 100.000 tahun cahaya dan matahari berada pada salah satu lengan spiral pada kedudukan 30.000 tahun cahaya dari pusat galaksi. Lengan spiral ini tersusun dari awan gas dan debu kosmik yang banyak sekali yang disebut medium antar bintang. Bersamaan dengan awan gas dan debu ini terdapat banyak sekali bintang muda, beberapa diantaranya sangat panas dan sangat terang. Pada awan gas dan debu antar bintang pada lengan spiral ini masih terjadi pembentukan bintang –bintang baru. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Disamping itu galaksi berisikan banyak sekali &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;gugus bintang &lt;/b&gt;(&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;star cluster&lt;/i&gt;), suatu kelompok bintang yang mungkin memiliki asal dan usia yang sama. Ada dua jenis gugus bintang yaitu &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;gugus terbuka&lt;/b&gt; dan &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;gugus bola&lt;/b&gt;. Yang paling umum dan jumlahnya ribuan adalah gugus terbuka atau yang disebut pula dengan &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;gugus galaktika&lt;/b&gt;, yang biasanya terdiri dari beberapa ratus bintang yang terikat tidak begitu kuat oleh grafitasi bersama dalam ruang. Gugus terbuka terletak pada piringan utama galaksi dan biasanya berada dalam atau dekat dengan lengan spiral. Gugus bola yang jumlahnya ratusan membentuk sistem speroidal melapis piringan ini, dan masing-masing gugus berisikan ratusan ribu anggota bintang. Disamping itu terdapat bintang sembarang yang bukan menjadi anggota gugus, tetapi jumlahnya jauh melebihi gugus bintang dan berada pada seluruh daerah bintang gugus tersebut. Bintang sembarang dan bintang gugus ini membentuk apa yang dinamakan &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;halo galaktika&lt;/b&gt;. Halo ini meliputi wilayah yang volumenya melampaui beberapa kali lebih luas dari piringan utama galaksi. Emisi radio galaktika mengisyaratkan bahwa halo ini berisikan gas, dan adanya radiasi sinar-x dari gas tersebut. Hal ini menandakan bahwa gas itu sangat panas dalam orde 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; K. gas panas ini hanya terbentang pada bagian dalam dari halo ini dan dinamakan &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;korona galaktik&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Makin dekat kearah inti galaksi terutama dekat cembungan inti ditengah piringan galaksi, bintang dan gugus bintang dari halo ini lebih rapat dibandingkan dengan pada daerah yang jauh dari inti galaksi. Halo memiliki ketebalan paling tidak 100.000 TC dan bahkan dalam arah bidang galaksi diameternya bisa sampai dua atau tiga ratus ribu tahun cahaya, dan terbentang jauh diluar lingkar piringan utama galaksi. di antara bintang-bintang anggotanya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5uoWtsi5ef4uZRXBAZWcHMQtFremsu5TxvwoVDLeEibONd6CO5FKOlP2CAsOxY3y6sES-RfTfmCQgn3PsGaYEcdAnKzO9zhf2owhYP4r8gK34_exyOoaj4scrovi7ZGQOQ3dWpELINjCP/s1600/andromeda_gendler.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5uoWtsi5ef4uZRXBAZWcHMQtFremsu5TxvwoVDLeEibONd6CO5FKOlP2CAsOxY3y6sES-RfTfmCQgn3PsGaYEcdAnKzO9zhf2owhYP4r8gK34_exyOoaj4scrovi7ZGQOQ3dWpELINjCP/s320/andromeda_gendler.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Gambar 1. Bagian Galaksi Bima Sakti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Di sadur dari buku astronomi 2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/6098028450798561224'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/6098028450798561224'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/galaksi-bag-1.html' title='Galaksi bag. 1'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5uoWtsi5ef4uZRXBAZWcHMQtFremsu5TxvwoVDLeEibONd6CO5FKOlP2CAsOxY3y6sES-RfTfmCQgn3PsGaYEcdAnKzO9zhf2owhYP4r8gK34_exyOoaj4scrovi7ZGQOQ3dWpELINjCP/s72-c/andromeda_gendler.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-3022212902014316490</id><published>2011-02-06T23:45:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-07T02:58:21.484-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Foto"/><title type='text'>Kumpulan Foto 2 (Photo Collection 2)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ1iVhbyDPxrZkDzrkslHbXlf__jTtslIDf32mAFVf5EhNn-tFxQ0DSKb2rMEH9SirJbjYlozwg3ht11usmdsrJUTzLpXVEoA_iTsSGCDr5-EqaPmTA5OxISBYqn2Bni0-hYDGjIFEqBuh/s1600/iss_sts124.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ1iVhbyDPxrZkDzrkslHbXlf__jTtslIDf32mAFVf5EhNn-tFxQ0DSKb2rMEH9SirJbjYlozwg3ht11usmdsrJUTzLpXVEoA_iTsSGCDr5-EqaPmTA5OxISBYqn2Bni0-hYDGjIFEqBuh/s320/iss_sts124.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwAmV7yUzvkMjxRA5EOtUQQ0di4Mjx2phjF2yUJHsoItDajOYj5m4lq_v_6fkEMpw1Wn8hbjxBojWT4MJG-61l4m-Edtzq5S60_qsVpO_jC-JisxUUnLWNF3EH3wgXLw6KKBf95oGeK1Gp/s1600/M33_crawford_c900.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;268&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwAmV7yUzvkMjxRA5EOtUQQ0di4Mjx2phjF2yUJHsoItDajOYj5m4lq_v_6fkEMpw1Wn8hbjxBojWT4MJG-61l4m-Edtzq5S60_qsVpO_jC-JisxUUnLWNF3EH3wgXLw6KKBf95oGeK1Gp/s320/M33_crawford_c900.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/3022212902014316490'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/3022212902014316490'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/kumpulan-foto-2.html' title='Kumpulan Foto 2 (Photo Collection 2)'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ1iVhbyDPxrZkDzrkslHbXlf__jTtslIDf32mAFVf5EhNn-tFxQ0DSKb2rMEH9SirJbjYlozwg3ht11usmdsrJUTzLpXVEoA_iTsSGCDr5-EqaPmTA5OxISBYqn2Bni0-hYDGjIFEqBuh/s72-c/iss_sts124.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-3324743304105632355</id><published>2011-02-06T04:04:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-06T04:13:11.158-08:00</updated><title type='text'>About the Magnitude</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black;&quot;&gt;A.2 Magnitude System&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Magnitude that have been discussed above is measured by the sensitivity of the eye that is within the range λ = 5500&amp;nbsp;A&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;(light yellow - green), so-called magnitude visual magnitude (mv).&amp;nbsp;Since the end of the 19th century, photography began flourish astronomers began to use it to determine the magnitude stars.Compared with the eye, photographic emulsions are more sensitive to blue light - purple which is at λ = 4500&amp;nbsp;A&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;region.&amp;nbsp;Photographic magnitudes are measured is called the magnitude of photography (&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;ot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Measurement with visual magnitude and the magnitude of photography for the same star will have differences.&amp;nbsp;As an example we compare between the stars Rigel and Betelgeuse star in the constellation Orion.&amp;nbsp;Star Rigel is blue and the red star Betelgeuse.&amp;nbsp;If observed by photography, star Rigel would appear much brighter than when observed visually.&amp;nbsp;This happens because the blue star Rigel will emit more blue light, in this case mv &amp;gt; mfot (the brighter the star, the smaller magnitude).&amp;nbsp;Conversely, the red star Betelgeuse will be more bright if observed visually rather than in photography, because the star emits more yellow light than blue light, thereby mv&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt; mfot. So in general, for every star, mv prices vary with mfot.&amp;nbsp;The second difference magnitude, namely photographic magnitudes reduced visual magnitude, called the Color Index (mfot - mv).&amp;nbsp;The more heat or a blue star, the smaller the color index.Because of this difference, there should be standardization of both magnitudes are zero.&amp;nbsp;From equation (3) is obtained:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;mv = -2.5 log Ev + Cv&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;mfot = -2.5 log Efot + Cfot &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;(5)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;with Cv and Cfot is constant (constant).&amp;nbsp;Cfot constant Cv and this can be taken in such a way that&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;mv = mfot &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;(6)&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;To meet this condition, use the star Vega (spectral class AOV) as a standard star.Thus the color of the star Vega index is zero.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(Mfot - mv) vega = 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;Based on this definition, for a more blue stars of Vega, the color index would be negative.&amp;nbsp;For example, photographic magnitude star Rigel mfot = -0.03 and its visual magnitude is mv = 0.14, so the color index of star Rigel is mfot - mv = -0.17.&amp;nbsp;In contrast to the more red stars of Vega, a negative color index.&amp;nbsp;For example, Betelgeuse star who has a photographic magnitude mfot = 2.14 and mv = 0.70, so the color index is mfot - mv = 1.44.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Initially, only photographic plates sensitive to blue-violet light.&amp;nbsp;With the development of photography, it can be a sensitive portrait plates in other wavelength regions, such as the yellow, red and even infrared.&amp;nbsp;Then, by combining portraits with a filter plate, can be obtained various magnitude systems.&lt;br /&gt;
In 1951, H.L.&amp;nbsp;Johnson and W.W.&amp;nbsp;Morgan introduced a system called the system UBV magnitudes, namely:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;U = magnitude apparent in the purple area (mU) with λef = 3600&amp;nbsp;A&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;B = apparent magnitude in the blue area (mB) with λef = 4300&amp;nbsp;A&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;V = apparent magnitude in the visual area (mV) by&amp;nbsp;A&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;λef = 5500&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHw1eJfIUDgg2nlkKLAKcQhTbOkGXlRFHeduRZ-LVrxuSQ9WAEOmFWIDI67TXGrxW7YuJDm8p0ynXvHs3uVVbeL39IFoHpaEE9njnowMYy_p_Kbib9rzUZSZPoSSlIf5zyMfXu0vo0dC2f/s1600/image1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;186&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHw1eJfIUDgg2nlkKLAKcQhTbOkGXlRFHeduRZ-LVrxuSQ9WAEOmFWIDI67TXGrxW7YuJDm8p0ynXvHs3uVVbeL39IFoHpaEE9njnowMYy_p_Kbib9rzUZSZPoSSlIf5zyMfXu0vo0dC2f/s320/image1.jpg&quot; style=&quot;cursor: move;&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Figure 1.&amp;nbsp;Regional magnitude Measurement Sensitivity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;In this system, the color index U - B and B - V.&amp;nbsp;for the standard star Vega, U = B = V or U - B = B - V = 0.&amp;nbsp;Thus, stars that have a price (B - V) &amp;gt; 0, then the red labih star of Vega, by contrast, stars with (B - V) &amp;lt; 0, will be more blue than Vega.&amp;nbsp;Figure 1.Showing sensitivity function for magnitudes UBV system.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Today photometry observations no longer use film plate, but performed using a CCD camera (digital), so as to determine the magnitude of the various systems is determined by the filter only uses only.&amp;nbsp;In addition to magnitude system discussed above, there&#39;s more other magnitude systems as shown in Table.&amp;nbsp;2.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Table.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;2 Various magnitude System&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;frequently used in the study of Astronomy&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: -1.7pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;189&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Magnitude System&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Magnitud&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Colour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Effective&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;λ (A&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;94&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Ribbon Width&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(A&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;189&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;UGR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;system&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;from&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Becker&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;U&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Ultraviolet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;3.690&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;94&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;500 – 700&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;G&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Green&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;4.680&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Red&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;6.380&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;189&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Sistem UBV dari Johnson dan Morgan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;U&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Ultraviolet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;3.500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;94&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;800 – 1000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;lue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;4.350&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Yellow&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;5.550&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;189&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Sistem Stromgren (Sistem ubvy)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Ultraviolet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;3.500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;94&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;~ 200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Violet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;4.100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;lue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;4.670&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;From Astronomi 2009 book&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/3324743304105632355'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/3324743304105632355'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/about-magnitude.html' title='About the Magnitude'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHw1eJfIUDgg2nlkKLAKcQhTbOkGXlRFHeduRZ-LVrxuSQ9WAEOmFWIDI67TXGrxW7YuJDm8p0ynXvHs3uVVbeL39IFoHpaEE9njnowMYy_p_Kbib9rzUZSZPoSSlIf5zyMfXu0vo0dC2f/s72-c/image1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-6720106565977417684</id><published>2011-02-05T23:20:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-06T03:38:57.457-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Astro"/><title type='text'>Materi tentang Bintang bag. 2</title><content type='html'>&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 13pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;A.2&amp;nbsp; SISTEM MAGNITUDO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Magnitudo yang telah dibicarakan sebelumnya diukur berdasarkan kepekaan mata yang berada pada daerah λ = 5500 A&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; (cahaya kuning – hijau), karena itu magnitudonya disebut &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;magnitudo visual &lt;/b&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;(m&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;). &lt;/i&gt;Sejak akhir abad ke-19, fotografi mulai berkembangdan para astronom mulai menggunakannya untuk menentukan magnitudo bintang. Dibandingkan dengan mata, emulsi fotografi lebih peka pada cahaya biru – ungu yang berada pada daerah λ = 4500 A&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;. Magnitudo yang diukur secara fotografi ini disebut &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;magnitudo fotografi &lt;/b&gt;(&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;fot&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pengukuran dengan magnitudo visual dan magnitudo fotografi untuk bintang yang sama akan terdapat perbedaan. Sebagai contoh kita bandingkan antara bintang Rigel dan bintang Betelgeuse yang berada di rasi Orion. Bintang Rigel berwarna biru dan bintang Betelgeuse berwarna merah. Jika diamati secara fotografi, bintang Rigel akan tampak lebih terang daripada jika diamati secara visual. Hal ini terjadi karena bintang Rigel yang berwarna biru akan lebih banyak memancarkan cahaya biru; dalam hal ini &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt; &amp;gt; m&lt;sub&gt;fot&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (makin terang suatu bintang, makin kecil magnitudonya). Sebaliknya, bintang Betelgeuse yang berwarna merah akan lebih terang jika diamati secara visual daripada secara fotografi, karena bintang ini lebih banyak memancarkan cahaya kuning daripada cahaya biru, dengan demikian &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt; &amp;lt; m&lt;sub&gt;fot&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Jadi pada umumnya, untuk setiap bintang, harga &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; berbeda dengan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;fot&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. Selisih kedua magnitudo itu, yaitu magnitudo fotografi dikurangi magnitudo visual, disebut &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Indeks Warna &lt;/b&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;(m&lt;sub&gt;fot&lt;/sub&gt; – m&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;/i&gt;. Makin panas atau biru suatu bintang, makin kecil indeks warnanya. Karena adanya selisih ini, perlu diadakan pembakuan titik nol kedua magnitudo tersebut. Dari persamaan (3) diperoleh :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;v &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;= -2,5 log &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;v + Cv&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;fot&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;= -2,5 log &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;fot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; + C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;fot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;(5)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;dengan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cv&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;C&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;fot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;adalah konstanta (tetapan). Tetapan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;C&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;dan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;C&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;fot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ini dapat diambil sedemikian rupa sehingga&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt; =&amp;nbsp; m&lt;sub&gt;fot &lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(6)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Untuk memenuhi kondisi ini, digunakan bintang Vega (kelas spektrum AOV) sebagai bintang standar. Dengan demikian indeks warna bintang Vega adalah nol. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;fot &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;- &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;v&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;vega &lt;/i&gt;= 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Berdasarkan definisi ini, untuk bintang yang lebih biru dari Vega, indeks warnanya akan negatif. Sebagai contoh, magnitudo fotografi bintang Rigel &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;fot&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; = -0,03 dan magnitudo visualnya adalah &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;v &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;= 0,14, jadi indeks warna bintang Rigel adalah &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;fot&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;- &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; = -0,17. Sebaliknya untuk bintang yang lebih merah dari Vega, indeks warnanya negatif. Sebagai contoh, bintang Betelgeuse yang mempunyai magnitudo fotografi &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;fot&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; = 2,14 dan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; = 0,70, sehingga indeks warnanya adalah &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;fot&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;- &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; = 1,44.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pada awalnya, pelat fotografi hanya peka pada cahaya biru–ungu. Dengan makin berkembangnya fotografi, maka dapat dibuat pelat potret yang peka pada daerah panjang gelombang lainnya, seperti daerah kuning, merah, bahkan inframerah. Kemudian, dengan mengkombinasikan pelat potret dengan filter, dapat diperoleh berbagai sistem magnitudo. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1951, H.L. Johnson dan W.W. Morgan memperkenalkan sistem magnitudo yang disebut sistem UBV, yaitu :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; U = magnitudo semu dalam daerah ungu (m&lt;sub&gt;U&lt;/sub&gt;) dengan λ&lt;sub&gt;ef&lt;/sub&gt; = 3600 A&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; B = magnitudo semu dalam daerah biru (m&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;) dengan λ&lt;sub&gt;ef&lt;/sub&gt; = 4300 A&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;V = magnitudo semu dalam daerah visual (m&lt;sub&gt;V&lt;/sub&gt;) dengan λ&lt;sub&gt;ef&lt;/sub&gt; = 5500 A&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHw1eJfIUDgg2nlkKLAKcQhTbOkGXlRFHeduRZ-LVrxuSQ9WAEOmFWIDI67TXGrxW7YuJDm8p0ynXvHs3uVVbeL39IFoHpaEE9njnowMYy_p_Kbib9rzUZSZPoSSlIf5zyMfXu0vo0dC2f/s1600/image1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;232&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHw1eJfIUDgg2nlkKLAKcQhTbOkGXlRFHeduRZ-LVrxuSQ9WAEOmFWIDI67TXGrxW7YuJDm8p0ynXvHs3uVVbeL39IFoHpaEE9njnowMYy_p_Kbib9rzUZSZPoSSlIf5zyMfXu0vo0dC2f/s400/image1.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Gambar 1. Daerah Kepekaan Pengukuran Magnitudo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dalam sistem ini, indeks warnanya adalah U – B dan B – V. untuk bintang standar Vega, U = B = V atau U – B = B – V = 0. Dengan demikian, bintang yang mempunyai harga (B – V) &amp;gt; 0, maka bintang tersebut labih merah dari Vega, sebaliknya, bintang dengan (B – V) &amp;lt; 0, akan lebih biru dari Vega. Gambar 1. Menunjukkan fungsi kepekaan untuk sistem magnitudo UBV. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Dewasa ini pengamatan fotometri tidak lagi menggunakan pelat film, tetapi dilakukan dengan menggunakan kamera CCD (digital), sehingga untuk menentukan bermacam-macam sistem magnitudo hanya ditentukan oleh filter yang digunakannya saja. Selain sistem magnitudo yang dibicarakan diatas, masih ada lagi sistem magnitudo lainnya seperti yang diperlihatkan dalam Tabel. 2.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Tabel. 2 Berbagai Sistem Magnitudo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;yang sering digunakan dalam penelitian Astronomi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: -1.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-insideh: 1.0pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: 1.0pt solid black; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1696;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 2.25pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;189&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Sistem   Magnitudo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Magnitudo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Warna&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;λ   Efektif (A&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;94&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Lebar   Pita (A&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 1;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;189&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Sistem UGR   dari Becker&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;U&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Ultraviolet&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;3.690&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;94&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;500 – 700&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 2;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;G&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Hijau&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;4.680&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 3;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;R&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Merah&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;6.380&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 4;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;189&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Sistem UBV   dari Johnson dan Morgan&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;U&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Ultraviolet&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;3.500&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;94&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;800 – 1000&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 5;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;B&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Biru&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;4.350&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 6;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;V&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Kuning&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;5.550&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 7;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;189&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Sistem   Stromgren (Sistem ubvy)&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;u&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Ultraviolet&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;3.500&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;94&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;~ 200&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 8;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;v&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Violet&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;4.100&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 9;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;b&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Biru &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;4.670&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 10;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;y&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Hijau&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;5.470&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 11;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td rowspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;189&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Sistem   Stebbins dan Withford&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;U&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Ultraviolet&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;3.550&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td rowspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;94&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;600 - 1500&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 12;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;V&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Violet&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;4.200&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 13;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;B&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Biru&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;4.900&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 14;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;G&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Hijau&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;5.700&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 15;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;R&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Merah &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;7.200&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 16; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;I&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Inframerah&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;104&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;10.300&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNoSpacing&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;Di sadur dari buku astronomi 2009.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 13pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/Astro/Astronomi-Guru%202009/Indonesia/Modul%20III%20BINTANG.docx&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/6720106565977417684'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/6720106565977417684'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/quote-vshape-idx0000i1025-typex0000t75.html' title='Materi tentang Bintang bag. 2'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHw1eJfIUDgg2nlkKLAKcQhTbOkGXlRFHeduRZ-LVrxuSQ9WAEOmFWIDI67TXGrxW7YuJDm8p0ynXvHs3uVVbeL39IFoHpaEE9njnowMYy_p_Kbib9rzUZSZPoSSlIf5zyMfXu0vo0dC2f/s72-c/image1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-7323880170324710009</id><published>2011-02-05T06:40:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-05T06:51:38.375-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="English"/><title type='text'>The Fact About Crop Circle</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; color: white; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;long_text&quot; id=&quot;result_box&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black;&quot; title=&quot;Crop circle atau lingkaran-lingkaran yang membentuk pola pada suatu ladang di anggap sebagai hasil perbuatan dari makhluk luar angkasa.&quot;&gt;Crop circles or the circles that form a pattern on a field is considered as the handiwork of extraterrestrials. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Kebanyakan dari kita masih percaya bahwa makhluk luar angkasa telah mendarat di ladang mereka dan akibatnya membentuk suatu pola yang unik.&quot;&gt;Most of us still believe that extraterrestrials have landed in their fields and consequently form a unique pattern. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Salah satu pola Crop Circle&quot;&gt;One of the Crop Circle pattern &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtiPsjCwD9i26mI5yVF91uS_qTEH9qLtvOMT50qAtypWAEO2EZWHDkXQmqyIFnv4EOswP8PZpDNIN_X2ksl8BWH1psOoMUfBWV_IYE_YrFuo6t823qHHIM2eJTCPnIkgH6TLVzwwnRJvQT/s1600/crop-circle-12.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtiPsjCwD9i26mI5yVF91uS_qTEH9qLtvOMT50qAtypWAEO2EZWHDkXQmqyIFnv4EOswP8PZpDNIN_X2ksl8BWH1psOoMUfBWV_IYE_YrFuo6t823qHHIM2eJTCPnIkgH6TLVzwwnRJvQT/s320/crop-circle-12.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;long_text&quot; id=&quot;result_box&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot; title=&quot;Salah satu pola Crop Circle&quot;&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black;&quot; title=&quot;Beberapa crop circle memiliki pola yg sederhana, dan sebagian lagi memiliki pola yg rumit.&quot;&gt;Some crop circles have a distinguished pattern is simple, and partly to have a distinguished pattern complex. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black;&quot; title=&quot;Sebenarnya crop circle dibuat oleh para petani yg memang menyukai seni, mereka melukiskan karya mereka di atas ladang mereka sendiri.&quot;&gt;Actually crop circle made by farmers who do like art, they describe their work on their own fields. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black;&quot; title=&quot;Dengan cara ini, para petani berharap dapat menjadi terkenal dengan cara mengaku bahwa itu bukan hasil karya mereka, melainkan hasil karya makhluk luar angkasa.&quot;&gt;In  this way, the farmers hope to become famous by the way admitted that it  was not the result of their work, but the work of extraterrestrials. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot; title=&quot;Tetapi akhir-akhir ini diketahui bahwa crop circle adalah hasil karya dari para seniman-seniman.&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;But lately known that crop circles are the work of the artists.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Banyak perusahaan yg menyewa ladang, kemudian membayar seniman untuk membuat karya itu.&quot;&gt;Many companies who hire the fields, then pay the artists to make work. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Tujuannya adalah sebagai daya tarik utama untuk produk-produk mereka.&quot;&gt;The goal is a major attraction for their products. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Seperti halnya gambar di bawah ini.&quot;&gt;Like the picture below. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; color: white; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTgcy3n8_uAK7jC3LviJDCzwixAeKIUfvLisH3fKsJDQidaq5ymqV3IwFvX_BBQG3cfvOnvIVFGLQfFn3_dPdl-w6uExcJg4d1KKxycYrZx_W3Na5EULPiIYnjyd183059MaZCvdU7LNz_/s1600/HelloKitty2004.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTgcy3n8_uAK7jC3LviJDCzwixAeKIUfvLisH3fKsJDQidaq5ymqV3IwFvX_BBQG3cfvOnvIVFGLQfFn3_dPdl-w6uExcJg4d1KKxycYrZx_W3Na5EULPiIYnjyd183059MaZCvdU7LNz_/s1600/HelloKitty2004.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; color: white; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWc-SyIbBaQR3wslvAUSIP0XCbt_9AXGlsn7-42U0V6xKDedKjsHm8c3oND4l5ma8ar1faOAtucASf8dRbxLoDVKeWiTDUq01btHY09wHaLE6HLLOqZ0XTPXjWnrRGtwKpuLwBAhRCLX99/s1600/images.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWc-SyIbBaQR3wslvAUSIP0XCbt_9AXGlsn7-42U0V6xKDedKjsHm8c3oND4l5ma8ar1faOAtucASf8dRbxLoDVKeWiTDUq01btHY09wHaLE6HLLOqZ0XTPXjWnrRGtwKpuLwBAhRCLX99/s1600/images.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;long_text&quot; id=&quot;result_box&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Seperti halnya gambar di bawah ini.&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot; title=&quot;Anda tentu dapat menebak gambar perusahaan apa di atas.&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;You surely can guess what company image above.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Selanjutnya, bagaimana orang-orang tersebut dapat membuat circle crop sedemikian rapi?&quot;&gt;Furthermore, how people can make such a neat crop circles? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Para seniman memiliki cara tersendiri dalam pembuatan pola circle crops yg umum, mereka hanya membutuhkan waktu kurang dari 2 jam dalam membuat circle crops.&quot;&gt;The artist has its own way in making a general reply crops circle pattern, they only takes less than 2 hours in a circle crops. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: black;&quot; title=&quot;Mereka menggunakan seutas tali yg panjang, dan sejenis alat pemotong yg akan di gunakan untuk memotong tanaman.&quot;&gt;They use the long rope, and similar cutting tools that will be used to cut plants. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Proses pembuatannya sebagai berikut:&quot;&gt;Manufacturing process is as follows: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;long_text&quot; id=&quot;result_box&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Proses pembuatannya sebagai berikut:&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;* Pertama, masing-masing orang memegang kedua ujung tali.&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;First, each person holding both ends of the rope.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;long_text&quot; id=&quot;result_box&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;* Pertama, masing-masing orang memegang kedua ujung tali.&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;long_text&quot; id=&quot;result_box&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;* Satu orang diam di tempat, dan seorang lagi berjalan mengitari orang yang diam sambil memotong tanaman-tanaman di jalurnya.&quot;&gt;One person is still in place, and another person walked around the silent while cutting the plants in its path.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;long_text&quot; id=&quot;result_box&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;* Dengan cara ini maka akan terbentuk satu lingkaran sempurna.&quot;&gt;In this way it will form a perfect circle.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;long_text&quot; id=&quot;result_box&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;* Satu orang diam di tempat, dan seorang lagi berjalan mengitari orang yang diam sambil memotong tanaman-tanaman di jalurnya.&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;* Satu orang diam di tempat, dan seorang lagi berjalan mengitari orang yang diam sambil memotong tanaman-tanaman di jalurnya.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;long_text&quot; id=&quot;result_box&quot; style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot; title=&quot;* Kemudian, mereka menggabungkan lingkaran-lingkaran sehingga akan membentuk suatu pola yang kita kenal sebagai circle crops.&quot;&gt;Then, they combine the circles that will form a pattern that we know as the circle crops.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;long_text&quot; id=&quot;result_box&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Berikut saya sertakan videonya...&quot;&gt;Here I include the video ... &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;object class=&quot;BLOGGER-youtube-video&quot; classid=&quot;clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000&quot; codebase=&quot;http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0&quot; data-thumbnail-src=&quot;http://0.gvt0.com/vi/a_opN9ghPKQ/0.jpg&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; width=&quot;320&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/a_opN9ghPKQ&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;bgcolor&quot; value=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; /&gt;&lt;embed width=&quot;320&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/a_opN9ghPKQ&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;long_text&quot; id=&quot;result_box&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Berikut saya sertakan videonya...&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Video diatas merupakan cara untuk membuat polanya.&quot;&gt;Video above is a way to make a pattern. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Berikut adalah proses setelah pola terbentuk.&quot;&gt;Here is the process after the pattern is formed. &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/pEAQ-d07HlE?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;long_text&quot; id=&quot;result_box&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Berikut adalah proses setelah pola terbentuk.&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Jika ada yang perlu ditanyakan silahkan tinggalkan komentar.&quot;&gt;If there is a need to be asked please leave a comment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/7323880170324710009'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/7323880170324710009'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/fact-about-crop-circle.html' title='The Fact About Crop Circle'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtiPsjCwD9i26mI5yVF91uS_qTEH9qLtvOMT50qAtypWAEO2EZWHDkXQmqyIFnv4EOswP8PZpDNIN_X2ksl8BWH1psOoMUfBWV_IYE_YrFuo6t823qHHIM2eJTCPnIkgH6TLVzwwnRJvQT/s72-c/crop-circle-12.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-9023899947313636258</id><published>2011-02-05T06:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-05T07:38:32.657-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Astro"/><title type='text'>Fakta tentang Crop Circle</title><content type='html'>Crop circle atau lingkaran2 yang membentuk pola pada suatu ladang di anggap sebagai hasil perbuatan dari makhluk luar angkasa. Kebanyakan dari kita masih percaya bahwa makhluk luar angkasa telah mendarat di ladang mereka dan akibatnya membentuk suatu pola yang unik.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtiPsjCwD9i26mI5yVF91uS_qTEH9qLtvOMT50qAtypWAEO2EZWHDkXQmqyIFnv4EOswP8PZpDNIN_X2ksl8BWH1psOoMUfBWV_IYE_YrFuo6t823qHHIM2eJTCPnIkgH6TLVzwwnRJvQT/s1600/crop-circle-12.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtiPsjCwD9i26mI5yVF91uS_qTEH9qLtvOMT50qAtypWAEO2EZWHDkXQmqyIFnv4EOswP8PZpDNIN_X2ksl8BWH1psOoMUfBWV_IYE_YrFuo6t823qHHIM2eJTCPnIkgH6TLVzwwnRJvQT/s320/crop-circle-12.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Salah satu pola Crop Circle&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Beberapa crop circle memiliki pola yg sederhana, dan sebagian lagi memiliki pola yg rumit. Sebenarnya crop circle dibuat oleh para petani yg memang menyukai seni, mereka melukiskan karya mereka di atas ladang mereka sendiri. Dengan cara ini, para petani berharap dapat menjadi terkenal dengan cara mengaku bahwa itu bukan hasil karya mereka, melainkan hasil karya makhluk luar angkasa.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Tetapi akhir2 ini diketahui bahwa crop circle adalah hasil karya dari para seniman2. Banyak perusahaan yg menyewa ladang, kemudian membayar seniman untuk membuat karya itu. Tujuannya adalah sebagai daya tarik utama untuk produk2 mereka. Seperti halnya gambar di bawah ini.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTgcy3n8_uAK7jC3LviJDCzwixAeKIUfvLisH3fKsJDQidaq5ymqV3IwFvX_BBQG3cfvOnvIVFGLQfFn3_dPdl-w6uExcJg4d1KKxycYrZx_W3Na5EULPiIYnjyd183059MaZCvdU7LNz_/s1600/HelloKitty2004.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTgcy3n8_uAK7jC3LviJDCzwixAeKIUfvLisH3fKsJDQidaq5ymqV3IwFvX_BBQG3cfvOnvIVFGLQfFn3_dPdl-w6uExcJg4d1KKxycYrZx_W3Na5EULPiIYnjyd183059MaZCvdU7LNz_/s1600/HelloKitty2004.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWc-SyIbBaQR3wslvAUSIP0XCbt_9AXGlsn7-42U0V6xKDedKjsHm8c3oND4l5ma8ar1faOAtucASf8dRbxLoDVKeWiTDUq01btHY09wHaLE6HLLOqZ0XTPXjWnrRGtwKpuLwBAhRCLX99/s1600/images.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWc-SyIbBaQR3wslvAUSIP0XCbt_9AXGlsn7-42U0V6xKDedKjsHm8c3oND4l5ma8ar1faOAtucASf8dRbxLoDVKeWiTDUq01btHY09wHaLE6HLLOqZ0XTPXjWnrRGtwKpuLwBAhRCLX99/s1600/images.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Anda tentu dapat menebak gambar perusahaan apa di atas. Selanjutnya, bagaimana orang2 tersebut dapat membuat circle crop sedemikian rapi? Para seniman memiliki cara tersendiri dalam pembuatan pola circle crops yg umum, mereka hanya membutuhkan waktu kurang dari 2 jam dalam membuat circle crops. Mereka menggunakan seutas tali yg panjang, dan sejenis alat pemotong yg akan di gunakan untuk memotong tanaman. Proses pembuatannya sebagai berikut:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Pertama, masing2 orang memegang kedua ujung tali.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Satu orang diam di tempat, dan seorang lagi berjalan mengitari orang yang diam sambil memotong tanaman2 di jalurnya.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dengan cara ini maka akan terbentuk satu lingkaran sempurna.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kemudian, mereka menggabungkan lingkaran2 sehingga akan membentuk suatu pola yang kita kenal sebagai circle crops.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;Berikut saya sertakan videonya...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;object class=&quot;BLOGGER-youtube-video&quot; classid=&quot;clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000&quot; codebase=&quot;http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0&quot; data-thumbnail-src=&quot;http://0.gvt0.com/vi/a_opN9ghPKQ/0.jpg&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; width=&quot;320&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/a_opN9ghPKQ&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds&quot; /&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;bgcolor&quot; value=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot; /&gt;&lt;embed width=&quot;320&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/a_opN9ghPKQ&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Video diatas merupakan cara untuk membuat polanya. Berikut adalah proses setelah pola terbentuk.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/pEAQ-d07HlE?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Jika ada yang perlu ditanyakan silahkan tinggalkan komentar.&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/9023899947313636258'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/9023899947313636258'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/fakta-tentang-crop-circle.html' title='Fakta tentang Crop Circle'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtiPsjCwD9i26mI5yVF91uS_qTEH9qLtvOMT50qAtypWAEO2EZWHDkXQmqyIFnv4EOswP8PZpDNIN_X2ksl8BWH1psOoMUfBWV_IYE_YrFuo6t823qHHIM2eJTCPnIkgH6TLVzwwnRJvQT/s72-c/crop-circle-12.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-3417382403031257078</id><published>2011-02-05T04:48:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-07T02:59:16.900-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Foto"/><title type='text'>Kumpulan Foto 1 (Photo Collection 1)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi99djSlHoKTmRHqasaDzwcQNzwrkPrYvwRf270KsC32UlnHc4tXni5UkoELJMGlNGL26x4dhbVjjZEFaEkQajs8Jo6s129sRg3GCsIrbe3eIQhirukVExso7rZdtSaMv8RqufL4h6plOtl/s1600/eskimo_hst.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi99djSlHoKTmRHqasaDzwcQNzwrkPrYvwRf270KsC32UlnHc4tXni5UkoELJMGlNGL26x4dhbVjjZEFaEkQajs8Jo6s129sRg3GCsIrbe3eIQhirukVExso7rZdtSaMv8RqufL4h6plOtl/s320/eskimo_hst.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGh-UUmP-0Ws-b6dr1gkydXQNhu7SXg6lIKT0sUyp-ij6AfMFTFFX63Nu3WRU2nmpF_wvN9-bvpvedJsn8im_e-xPUdS-3mXJO3P7tFaWj2TeF2zVQJptHU8gZsFwsdtX8Xw0SO4GMvMJw/s1600/halley_giotto.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;167&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGh-UUmP-0Ws-b6dr1gkydXQNhu7SXg6lIKT0sUyp-ij6AfMFTFFX63Nu3WRU2nmpF_wvN9-bvpvedJsn8im_e-xPUdS-3mXJO3P7tFaWj2TeF2zVQJptHU8gZsFwsdtX8Xw0SO4GMvMJw/s320/halley_giotto.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/3417382403031257078'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/3417382403031257078'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/kumpulan-foto2-astronomi_05.html' title='Kumpulan Foto 1 (Photo Collection 1)'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi99djSlHoKTmRHqasaDzwcQNzwrkPrYvwRf270KsC32UlnHc4tXni5UkoELJMGlNGL26x4dhbVjjZEFaEkQajs8Jo6s129sRg3GCsIrbe3eIQhirukVExso7rZdtSaMv8RqufL4h6plOtl/s72-c/eskimo_hst.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-3977570125244917407</id><published>2011-02-04T08:49:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-04T09:03:43.193-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Astro"/><title type='text'>Materi Tentang Bintang bag. 1</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;A.&amp;nbsp; Bintang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;A.1. TERANG BINTANG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Seperti yang kita ketahui, informasi dari bintang yang diterima pengamat di bumi antara lain dari pancarannya. Terang bintang merupakan suatu besaran (pancaran) yang dapat diukur dengan mudah, paling tidak secara kuantitatif, yaitu dengan membandingkan berbagai bintang. Walaupun hanya dengan mata, kita dapat membedakan apakah bintang A lebih terang dari bintang B, atau sebaliknya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pada abad kedua sebelum masehi (sekitar tahun 129 SM) seorang astronom Yunani yang bernama Hipparchos membuat catalog bintang, yaitu dengan membagi bintang menurut terangnya dalam enam kelompok. Bintang yang paling terang tergolong magnitudo kesatu, yang lebih lemah tergolong magnitudo kedua, dan seterusnya hingga bintang yang paling lemah yang hampir tak terlihat dengan mata termasuk magnitudo keenam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNS36U1W0iCXwnlXEj3n6GmGHuWZD6ElwB9AXTFcRPeYkFLGVlxwtPy5DTB4QiJ9-C0a-8pC5HCXks9Xh_C04h607sISAm56pYt4nMtJejwPNx6NGPUWMhENDhLqqdmuDCKm71ij6JEScR/s1600/Star+Magnitude.gif&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNS36U1W0iCXwnlXEj3n6GmGHuWZD6ElwB9AXTFcRPeYkFLGVlxwtPy5DTB4QiJ9-C0a-8pC5HCXks9Xh_C04h607sISAm56pYt4nMtJejwPNx6NGPUWMhENDhLqqdmuDCKm71ij6JEScR/s320/Star+Magnitude.gif&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Gambar . Skala magnitude menurut Hipparchos.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Penggolongan Hipparchos ini diubah untuk pertama kalinya oleh Galileo Galilei . Dengan menggunakan teleskop yang dibuatnya sendiri, Galileo menemukan banyak bintang yang cahayanya lebih lemah daripada binatng bermagnitudo 6 yang didefinisikan Hipparchos. Selanjutnya John Herschel mendapatkan bahwa kepekaan mata bersifat logaritmik, yaitu bintang yang magnitudonya satu ternyata 100 kali lebih terang daripada bintang yang magnitudonya enam. Berdasarkan kenyataan ini, pada tahun 1856, Norman R. Pogson mendefinisikan skala satuan magnitudo secara lebih tegas lagi. Definisi yang diberikan oleh Pogson adalah sebagai berikut : tinjaulah dua buah bintang, yaitu Bintang A dan Bintang B. Misalkan &lt;i&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; adalah magnitudo bintang A yangdilihat dengan mata, &lt;i&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; adalah magnitudo bintang B yang dilihat dengan mata, &lt;i&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; adalah jumlah energy bintang A yang diterima di Bumi (fluks bintang yang diterima di Bumi), dan &lt;i&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; adalah jumlah energy bintang B yang diterima di Bumi. Menurut Pogson :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;A -&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;B = -2,5 [log &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;A - log &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;B]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tanda negatif berarti magnitudo bertambah besar apabila bintang bertambah terang (bintang bermagnitudo satu lebih terang daripada bintang bermagnitudo dua). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Persamaan (1) dapat dituliskan sebagai :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;A -&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;B = &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;-2,5&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;sub&gt; &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;log (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;/&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pada awalnya, bintang Polaris yang terlihat di semua observatorium di belahan langit utara digunakan sebagai acuan magnitudo. Bintang ini diberi magnitudo 2, dan yang lainnya dibandingkan dengan bintang Polaris ini. Namun pada tahun 1911 Herztprung mendapatkan bahwa bintang Polaris adalah bintang variable yang cahayanya berubah-ubah (meskipun perubahannya hanya sekitar 0,1 magnitudo). Dengan demikian, Polaris tidak ,penggunaan sekelompok bintang yang berada di sekitar kutub utara yang dinamakan &lt;i&gt;North Polar Sequence&lt;/i&gt;. Dewasa ini, sebagai acuan magnitudo digunakan bintang-bintang dari berbagai daerah di langit hasil pengukuran Johnson dan Morgan pada tahun 1953.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Untuk keperluan praktis, digunakan bintang standar Vega (α Lyra). Bintang ini mempunyai magnitudo m = 0,02. Karena magnitudonya yang mendekati nol, maka dapat dianggap &lt;i&gt;m(Vega) &lt;/i&gt;= 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;position: relative; top: 5.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;. Jadi untuk bintang yang lebih terang dari Vega, magnitudonya&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &amp;lt; 0; untuk bintang yang lebih lemah ,&lt;i&gt; m &lt;/i&gt;&amp;gt; 0&lt;i&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;Bintang yang lebih terang dari Vega magnitudonya berharga negatif, misalnya bintang Sirius mempunyai &lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt; = -1,6, bulan purnama mempunyai &lt;i&gt;m &lt;/i&gt;= - 12,5, dan magnitudo matahari adalah &lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt; = -26,7. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Magnitudo yang dibicarakan diatas merupakan ukuran terang bintang yang kita lihat atau terang semu bintang, hal ini dikarenakan ada faktor jarak yang harus diperhitungkan seperti tampak dalam persamaan berikut : &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;m &lt;/i&gt;= -2,5 log &lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;/&lt;sub&gt;4πd&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;+ C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;dimana ; L = Luminositas benda, d = jarak dan C adalah suatu tetapan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Dari persamaan (2) ini dapat kita lihat bahwa magnitudo bintang bergantung kepada jaraknya. Jadi bintang yang tampak lemah cahayanya, belum tentu benar-benar lemah cahayanya, karena mungkin saja karena jarak bintang tersebut jauh. Oleh karena itu magnitudo yang dibicarakan diatas disebut &lt;b&gt;magnitudo semu &lt;/b&gt;(&lt;i&gt;apparent magnitude&lt;/i&gt;) atau biasa disebut &lt;b&gt;magitudo &lt;/b&gt;saja. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Dalam Tabel 1. diperlihatkan bahwa magnitudo semu beberapa benda langit, temasuk bintang, planet, Bulan, dan Matahari.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Tabel 1. Magnitudo beberapa benda langit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 111.75pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-color: black; border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt 1pt 2.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;170&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Nama   Bintang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 2.25pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;132&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Magnitudo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% silver; border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;170&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Polaris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% silver; border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;132&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;170&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Regulus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;132&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1.50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% silver; border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;170&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Pollux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% silver; border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;132&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1.16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;170&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Spica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;132&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% silver; border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;170&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Aldebaran&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% silver; border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;132&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;170&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Betelgeuse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;132&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;0.80&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% silver; border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;170&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Procyon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% silver; border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;132&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;0.50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;170&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Vega&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;132&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;0.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% silver; border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;170&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Capella&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% silver; border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;132&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;0.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;170&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sirius&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;132&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;-1.42&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% silver; border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;170&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Jupiter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% silver; border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;132&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;-2.50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;170&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Bulan Purnama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;132&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;-13.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% silver; border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;170&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Matahari&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% silver; border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;132&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;-26.70&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&amp;nbsp;di sadur dari buku astronomi 2009&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/3977570125244917407'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/3977570125244917407'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/02/blog-post.html' title='Materi Tentang Bintang bag. 1'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNS36U1W0iCXwnlXEj3n6GmGHuWZD6ElwB9AXTFcRPeYkFLGVlxwtPy5DTB4QiJ9-C0a-8pC5HCXks9Xh_C04h607sISAm56pYt4nMtJejwPNx6NGPUWMhENDhLqqdmuDCKm71ij6JEScR/s72-c/Star+Magnitude.gif" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-8071378954619488687</id><published>2011-01-18T05:27:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-04T09:03:00.954-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Fakta tentang astronomi</title><content type='html'>&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Matahari berada 150 juta km dari bumi. Cahayanya membutuhkan waktu 8.5 menit untuk mencapai bumi, dan 5.5 jam untuk mencapai pluto, planet terjauh tata surya.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tahun cahaya adalah unit pengukuran yang sama dengan jarak yang ditempuh cahaya dalam satu tahun. 1 tahun cahaya sama dengan 9.5 juta juta kilometer (6 juta juta mil).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Bepergian dengan kecepatan seperti di orbit, pesawat ruang angkasa memerlukan 100,000 tahun cahaya untuk mencapai bintang terdekat, Proxima Centaury, yang mana sekitar 4.25 tahun cahaya jaraknya.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cahaya dari Awan Magellan, galaksi terdekat, memerlukan waktu sekitar 170,000 tahun untuk sampai ke bumi.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lamanya hari bertambah 1.7 ribu detik per abad. Harinya kita 1/10 lebih lama dibanding 6,000 tahun yang lalu.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kebanyakan nama bintang berasal dari bahasa Arab dan berasal dari posisinya di konstelasi. Hence Reigel di Orion dalam bahasa Arab berarti &quot;kaki kiri Orion&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dilihat dari ruang angkasa, ada sekitar 6,000 bintang terlihat di langit lebih terang daripada magnitude 6. Tetapi dari bumi di malam yang cerah, kamu tidak dapat melihat lebih dari 3,000 bintang pada waktu yang sama.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bintang paling redup yang dapat di deteksi oleh Teleskop ruang angkasa Hubble lebih redup daripada bintang dengan magnitude 30.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Konstelasi terbesar adalah Hydra. Yang mencakup sekitar seperempat langit.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Energi yang dipancarkan oleh matahari tiap detiknya sekitar&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; 1,4 x 10&lt;sup&gt;26&lt;/sup&gt; joule.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Jarak yang ditempuh oleh cahaya selama 1 tahun adalah 9,46 x &lt;/span&gt;10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; m.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/feeds/8071378954619488687/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/01/fakta-tentang-astronomi.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/8071378954619488687'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/8071378954619488687'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2011/01/fakta-tentang-astronomi.html' title='Fakta tentang astronomi'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-4467280365646519549</id><published>2010-07-27T06:45:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2010-07-27T06:45:46.462-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Lencana Profil facebook</title><content type='html'>&lt;!-- Facebook Badge START --&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://id-id.facebook.com/people/Malik-Nur-Hakim/100000075297176&quot; target=&quot;_TOP&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;lucida grande&amp;quot;,tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; color: #3B5998; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Malik Nur Hakim&quot;&gt;Malik Nur Hakim&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://id-id.facebook.com/people/Malik-Nur-Hakim/100000075297176&quot; target=&quot;_TOP&quot; title=&quot;Malik Nur Hakim&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://badge.facebook.com/badge/100000075297176.1547.1536973369.png&quot; width=&quot;120&quot; height=&quot;210&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://id-id.facebook.com/badges/&quot; target=&quot;_TOP&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;lucida grande&amp;quot;,tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; color: #3B5998; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Buat lencana Anda sendiri!&quot;&gt;Buat Lencana Anda&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- Facebook Badge END --&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/feeds/4467280365646519549/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2010/07/lencana-profil-facebook.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/4467280365646519549'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/4467280365646519549'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2010/07/lencana-profil-facebook.html' title='Lencana Profil facebook'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-3183342155381486483</id><published>2010-07-24T07:14:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-07-24T07:14:39.996-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Fenomena Angkasa (Atmosfer) Matahari</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvgDKXPVUwKLGoJ_UB8fMGv27kmblMpMaCLItkAejD6Htuz-4nzO8817anuMvV57ZnQFkJstka1L5LzMumkdsHG6Eo9PykM6NOPLLuQzRscVDp88V-ZsDGZImNeaWMjrtuWGgMUHMHKlWI/s1600/coronal+rain.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Fotosfer yang berarti bola cahaya merupakan bagian matahari yang tepat di bawah kromosfer dan di atas zona konveksi. Pada fotosfer dapat teramati granulasi, plages, prominensa, bintik matahari, dan flare.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixCZDvv2FTqZauN2hmYQ7d1mzC0-QfNjT0H8DM3K3DzGLnkC0zvfhufRcVJcMSQ2GlrsrWV5vwP5S3KmeEzEhjvRsty9aE8FKMUNzalxn_0AqPcgA4P4_DMyTGO_xeF7tAeIHY2AlSJ_Fk/s1600/prominence_stereo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Granulasi: bulir-bulir dengan diameter 700-1000 km. Bagian antargranulasi yang relatif gelap memiliki temperatur 200-300 K lebih rendah dari pusat granulasi yang terang. Sama halnya dengan buih-buih yang muncul ke permukaan air yang sedang mendidih, granulasi merupakan bukti hantaran energi dari dalam matahari yang berlangsung secara konvektif.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Flages: bagian terang pada piringan matahari jika diamati pada daerah panjang gelombang merah (6563 Å)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Filament: bagian gelap pada piringan matahari jika diamati pada daerah panjang gelombang merah (6563 Å)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prominensa: filament yang tampak di tepi proyeksi piringan matahari. Diartikan sebagai lontaran api yang membumbung keluar dari permukaan matahari dan hanya dapat tampak dari bumi jika terjadi gerhana di tepi piringan matahari.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bintik matahari: bintik-bintik yang relatif gelap dibanding dengan rata-rata terang fotosfer. Temperatur pada bintik matahari kira-kira 2000 K lebih rendah dari fotosfer. Kala hidup bintik matahari ini dapat mencapai beberapa bulan. Jumlah bintik matahari bervariasi dengan siklus 11,2 tahun (solar cycle) dan diketahui berkaitan erat dengan tingkat aktifitas matahari. Babcock (1960) memberikan gagasan bahwa terpuntirnya medan magnet matahari akibat rotasi diferensial fotosfer melambatkan gerak ion dan elektron. Akibat dari perlambatan tersebut, energi kinetik berkurang dan menyebabkan turunnya temperatur pada bintik.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixCZDvv2FTqZauN2hmYQ7d1mzC0-QfNjT0H8DM3K3DzGLnkC0zvfhufRcVJcMSQ2GlrsrWV5vwP5S3KmeEzEhjvRsty9aE8FKMUNzalxn_0AqPcgA4P4_DMyTGO_xeF7tAeIHY2AlSJ_Fk/s1600/prominence_stereo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixCZDvv2FTqZauN2hmYQ7d1mzC0-QfNjT0H8DM3K3DzGLnkC0zvfhufRcVJcMSQ2GlrsrWV5vwP5S3KmeEzEhjvRsty9aE8FKMUNzalxn_0AqPcgA4P4_DMyTGO_xeF7tAeIHY2AlSJ_Fk/s320/prominence_stereo.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Prominensa &amp;amp; Bintik Matahari&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;li&gt;Flare: letupan besar yang mendadak terjadi di sekitar daerah bintik matahari. Kala ledakannya berkisar antara 20 menit hingga 3 jam. Letupan ini melontarkan sejumlah besar materi dan energi dari permukaan matahari.&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvgDKXPVUwKLGoJ_UB8fMGv27kmblMpMaCLItkAejD6Htuz-4nzO8817anuMvV57ZnQFkJstka1L5LzMumkdsHG6Eo9PykM6NOPLLuQzRscVDp88V-ZsDGZImNeaWMjrtuWGgMUHMHKlWI/s1600/coronal+rain.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvgDKXPVUwKLGoJ_UB8fMGv27kmblMpMaCLItkAejD6Htuz-4nzO8817anuMvV57ZnQFkJstka1L5LzMumkdsHG6Eo9PykM6NOPLLuQzRscVDp88V-ZsDGZImNeaWMjrtuWGgMUHMHKlWI/s320/coronal+rain.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Flare Matahari&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Daerah dingin di atas fotosfer adalah &lt;i&gt;kromosfer&lt;/i&gt; (bola warna). Kromosfer hanya dapat di lihat saat gerhana matahari atau dengan penapis yang hanya melewatkan cahaya merah. Bentuk permukaan kromosfer memiliki pola berduri. Duri-duri panjang itu disebut &lt;i&gt;spikula&lt;/i&gt;. Spikula sendiri nerbentuk silinder dengan diameter 700 km dan tinggi hingga 7000 km. Kala hidupnya berkisar 5 hingga 15 menit.&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZTskd5Wrrp5EwH_dAf0KOQQbtPei5iwPWhOS8rSANpP2FbxIof8dWx1Iw0DxQwReidPBlTSu9JA5eU2hhEy3Zz144AO9woYc1kG2axRtdyhR9kVeX_WUB_Xgzs7TAhfx1RpZ0UkEgW96n/s1600/big+corons.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZTskd5Wrrp5EwH_dAf0KOQQbtPei5iwPWhOS8rSANpP2FbxIof8dWx1Iw0DxQwReidPBlTSu9JA5eU2hhEy3Zz144AO9woYc1kG2axRtdyhR9kVeX_WUB_Xgzs7TAhfx1RpZ0UkEgW96n/s320/big+corons.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Korona Matahari&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Bagian terluar dari matahari disebut &lt;i&gt;korona&lt;/i&gt; (mahkota). Kendati korona memancarkan radiasi dengan terang sepersejuta terangnya kromosfer, temperaturnya ternyata dapat mencapai 2 juta K. Temperatur yang demikian tinggi ini menyebabkan gas di korona merupakan pemancar sinar-X yang kuat.. Dari pengamatan satelit buatan &lt;i&gt;Skylab&lt;/i&gt; ternyata ditemukan adanya daerah yang tenang dan dingin yang disebut lubang korona.&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/feeds/3183342155381486483/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2010/07/fenomena-angkasa-atmosfer-matahari.html#comment-form' title='1 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/3183342155381486483'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/3183342155381486483'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2010/07/fenomena-angkasa-atmosfer-matahari.html' title='Fenomena Angkasa (Atmosfer) Matahari'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixCZDvv2FTqZauN2hmYQ7d1mzC0-QfNjT0H8DM3K3DzGLnkC0zvfhufRcVJcMSQ2GlrsrWV5vwP5S3KmeEzEhjvRsty9aE8FKMUNzalxn_0AqPcgA4P4_DMyTGO_xeF7tAeIHY2AlSJ_Fk/s72-c/prominence_stereo.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-2530500947698297962</id><published>2010-07-16T04:37:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-07-16T04:37:56.869-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Tips"/><title type='text'>Tips Observasi</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;Tips-tips ini semoga berguna bagi para pembaca sekalian.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Persiapkan secara matang bila anda akan melakukan pengamatan di daerah yang cukup jauh.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Bawalah Star Chart, bila anda memiliki laptop, akan lebih bermanfaat dalam merencanakan, karena dengan software dapat dilakukan simulasi berdasarkan tanggal dan waktu yang akan anda lakukan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Bila anda menggunakan software, alat GPS akan sangat berguna untuk meng-input posisi dan ketinggian ke dalam software sehingga real-time Star Chart akan semakin akurat. Alat GPS ini biasanya di lengkapi kompas elektronik yang akan sangat berguna.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Bawalah senter -jangan terlalu terang-. Mata kita membutuhkan sedikitnya 30 menit hingga 1 jam untuk beradaptasi dengan gelap.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Tentukan eyepiece yang akan anda bawa. Idealnya paling tidak satu eyepiece dapat digunakan untuk wide-field view (pembesaran kecil) dan dua atau tiga buah untuk pembesaran yang lebih besar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Tripod sebaiknya yang sekokoh mungkin, namun pertimbangkan berat juga. Bila anda menggunakan teleskop kecil (60-80 mm refraktor), photo tripod sudah cukup.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Bepergian secara beramai-ramai juga akan menyenangkan, selain membawa rasa aman di daerah yang terpencil. Astronomi akan lebih mengasyikkan bila lebih banyak orang bisa menikmati.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Binokular akan sangat berguna untuk menyusuri langit sebelum menggunakan teleskop.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Usahakan menggunakan tas yang kedap air untuk membawa peralatan kecil seperti eyepiece, adapter, diagonal, dll.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Saat anda sudah cukup familiar dengan proses observasi, mulailah untuk mengamati langit secara sistematis. Mulai dengan &quot;memburu&quot; sebanyak mungkin obyek Messier, planet-planet yang beredar saat malam, dan kemudian obyek-obyek besar yang termasuk dalam New General Catalog (NGC). Di luar itu masih banyak lagi yang bisa anda dapatkan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Selamat menikmati observasi anda!!!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/feeds/2530500947698297962/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2010/07/tips-observasi.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/2530500947698297962'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/2530500947698297962'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2010/07/tips-observasi.html' title='Tips Observasi'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6945046543126600895.post-608255264326751471</id><published>2010-07-15T23:14:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-07-17T04:12:19.324-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Astro"/><title type='text'>Penemuan Planet Super Panas</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz-rcEEeYoRfjAucumlcqphk_mHbVYfpRGJ1SINfXzCP9wnbohvcecqvzPjfoPj8AaRWpxYH8bEMP-JGOzYH5ycLBvwOMrXjQe31w-VzvLHT8ib_SX9fW_KDZGBSlCdeRMlup5z-YW8WTi/s1600/469218main1_superhot-670.jpg&quot; onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5494388906933206978&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz-rcEEeYoRfjAucumlcqphk_mHbVYfpRGJ1SINfXzCP9wnbohvcecqvzPjfoPj8AaRWpxYH8bEMP-JGOzYH5ycLBvwOMrXjQe31w-VzvLHT8ib_SX9fW_KDZGBSlCdeRMlup5z-YW8WTi/s320/469218main1_superhot-670.jpg&quot; style=&quot;cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 256px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Para astronom menemukan adanya objek terbakar yang disebut &quot;cometary planet&quot; (planet  yang seperti komet) dengan menggunakan Teleskop Hubble milik NASA . Planet gas raksasa yang bernama HD209458b itu mengorbit bintang induknya dengan sangat dekat, sehingga atmosfirnya menguap ke angkasa.&lt;/div&gt;Observasi di ambil menggunakan spektografi kosmis hubble (COS) menyajikan tentang angin yang menyapu material atmosfir di planet yang terbakar itu, dan membentuk seperti ekor komet.&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;Sejak tahun 2003 para ilmuwan mempunyai teori tentang kehilangan massa yaitu pendorongan balik sehingga membentuk ekor, dan bahkan mereka telah mengkalkulasi seperti apa itu terlihat&quot; ungkap astronom Jeffrey  Linsky dari Universitas Colorado di Boulder, pemimpin studi dari COS. &quot;Kami berpikir bahwa kami telah melakukan yang observasi terbaik untuk mendukung teori tersebut. Kami telah mengukur gas yang keluar dalam kecepatan yang spesifik, beberapa juga telah mengarah Bumi. Seperti kebanyakan interprestasi, bahwa kami telah mengukur kecepatan material di sebuah ekor.&lt;br /&gt;
Planet itu berjarak 153 tahun cahaya dari Bumi, berat hampir menyerupai jupiter tetapi orbitnya 100 kali lebih dekat terhadap bintang induknya di banding raksasa Jovian (jupiter, saturnus, dan uranus). Planet itu terkunci di sekeliling bintang itu dalam waktu 3.5 hari. Sebagai pembanding, planet tercepat dalam sistem tata surya kita, Merkurius, mengorbit dalam waktu 88 hari. Planet extrasolar adalah salah satu dari penelitian yang sangat dicermati, karena itu adalah pertama kalinya beberapa dunia alien diketahui dapat dilihat melintas di depan bintangnya. Linsky dan timnya menggunakan COS untuk menganalisa atmosfir planet selama masa transisi. selama transisi, para astronom mempelajari struktur dan kandungan penyusun atmosfir planet dengan mensampel cahaya bintang yang lewat melalui atmosfir. Kedipan cahaya bintang dikarenakan perlintasan planet tidak termasuk atmosfir, karena itu sangat kecil, hanya sekitar 1.5 %. Ketika atmosfir di tambahkan maka kedipan akan bertambah 8 % mengindikasikan penggembungan atmosfir.&lt;br /&gt;
COS mendeteksi adanya elemen berat karbon dan silikon di atmosfir planet super panas ini, 2,000 derajat fahrenheit panasnya. Pendeteksian ini mengungkap bahwa bintang indung memanaskan seluruh atmosfir, mengangkat elemen yang lebih berat dan membiarkannya meninggalkan planet.&lt;br /&gt;
Data COS juga menunjukkan metrial yang meninggalkan planet tidak bergerak dalam kecepatan yang sama. &quot;Kami menemukan gas keluar dalam kecepatan yang tinggi, dengan kecepatan yang hampir mendekati kita dalam 22,000 mil per jam,&quot; ungkap Linsky. &quot;Penyemburan gas ini seperti penyapuan gas oleh angin luar angkasa dan membentuk seperti jejak ekor komet.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
Spektograf terbaru Hubble mempunyai kemampuan untuk memeriksa kandungan planet dalam gelombang ultraviolet yang tidak dapat di akses oleh telescope di darat. COS membuktikan sebagai instrumen penting untuk memeriksa &quot;jupiter panas&quot; seperti HD209458b.&lt;br /&gt;
Instrumen Hubble lainnya, penggambaran spektografi teleskop luar angkasa (STIS), mengobservasi planet ini di tahun 2003. Data STIS menunjukkan keaktifan, penguapan atmosfir dan struktur seperti ekor komet menyanggupi. Tetapi STIS tidak mendapatkan detail spektroskopik yang cukup untuk memperlihatkan ekor, atau pergerakan komponen gas yang menuju Bumi selama masa transisi. Ekornya pertama kali terdeteksi karena kombinasi unik antara sensitifitas ultraviolet yang sangat tinggi dengan resolusi spektral yang bagus yang disediakan oleh COS.&lt;br /&gt;
Meskipun planet ekstrem ini terpanggang oleh bintang induknya, dia tidak terhancurkan dengan cepat. &quot;Itu membutuhkan waktu sekitar 1 triliyun tahun untuk menguap bagi planet,&quot; ujar Linsky.&lt;br /&gt;
Hasilnya di terbitkan pada tanggal 10 Juli dalam terbitan Jurnal Astrofisika.&lt;br /&gt;
Teleskop Luar Angkasa Hubble adalah proyek kooperatif internasional antara NASA dan Agensi Luar angkasa Eropa. Pusat Penerbangan Luar Angkasa Goddard milik NASA yang menyusun teleskop itu. Institut Sains Teleskop Luar Angkasa (STScl) melakukan operasi sains Hubble. STScl dioperasikan untuk NASA oleh perusahaan Asosiasi Universitas untuk Penelitian Astronomi di Washington D.C.&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;terima kasih sudah memberikan feed!!&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/feeds/608255264326751471/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2010/07/penemuan-planet-super-panas.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/608255264326751471'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6945046543126600895/posts/default/608255264326751471'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://astropemula.blogspot.com/2010/07/penemuan-planet-super-panas.html' title='Penemuan Planet Super Panas'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz-rcEEeYoRfjAucumlcqphk_mHbVYfpRGJ1SINfXzCP9wnbohvcecqvzPjfoPj8AaRWpxYH8bEMP-JGOzYH5ycLBvwOMrXjQe31w-VzvLHT8ib_SX9fW_KDZGBSlCdeRMlup5z-YW8WTi/s72-c/469218main1_superhot-670.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>