Audiology - MCQs

Clinical Audiology: Hearing assessment

2019-12-08T00:52:00.000-08:00

A small hole in the tympanic membrane causes hearing loss at ………. .

a). all frequencies

b). high frequencies

c). low frequencies

d). mid frequencies

Correct Answer: c

A small hole in the tympanic membrane acts as a low-pass filter and therefore causes hearing loss at low frequencies. It decreases the force that acts on the tympanic membrane (low-frequency sounds).

A large hole in the tympanic membrane results in flat hearing loss of 40 to 50 dB.

Clinical Audiology: Hearing assessment

2019-12-07T00:30:00.000-08:00

Ear-canal atresia could result in hearing loss of ………. .

a). 20 dB
b). 20 to 30 dB
c). 30 to 35 dB
d). 55 to 70 dB
e). > 70 dB

Correct Answer: d

Ear-canal atresia is a congenital disorder, where one or both ear canals are completely occluded.

The mild form of this congenital anomaly is characterised by a small ear canal and a nearly normal middle ear. In the most severe form, the ear canal is completely occluded, and the middle-ear space is small or absent.

It impairs the transmission of sound to the tympanic membrane and the function of the middle ear may be impaired.

Clinical Audiology: Hearing assessment

2019-12-06T00:38:00.000-08:00

Impacted cerumen could result in hearing loss of ………. .

a). < 20 dB

b). 20 to 30 dB

c). 30 to 35 dB

d). 55 to 70 dB

e). > 70 dB

Correct Answer: b

Impacted cerumen causes flat hearing loss that varies between 20 to 30 dB.

Clinical Audiology: Hearing assessment

2019-12-05T01:57:00.000-08:00

High-frequency conductive hearing loss can be the result of ………. .

a). collapsed ear canal

b). complete ossicular chain discontinuity

c). otosclerosis

d). superior canal dehiscence syndrome

e). otitis media with effusion

Correct Answer: a

Collapsed ear canal (due to pressure of the earphone on the pinna during audiometry) can display erroneous air-bone gaps at high-frequencies.

Complete ossicular chain discontinuity typically results in flat hearing loss. The hearing loss due to complete ossicular chain discontinuity may exceed 60 dB, especially when the tympanic membrane is intact.

In contrast, partial ossicular chain discontinuity transmits low-frequency sounds more effectively than high-frequency sounds, resulting in conductive hearing loss at high frequencies.

Anatomy of Ear: Middle Ear

2019-02-08T08:52:00.000-08:00

Middle ear muscles are innervated by

a). Cranial nerve VII
b). Cranial nerve V
c). Cranial nerve VII and VIII
d). Cranial nerve VII and IX
e). Cranial nerve V and VII

correct answer: e

The cranial nerve VII, also known as facial nerve, innervates the stapedius muscle in middle ear and muscles of facial expression.

The cranial nerve V, also known as trigeminal nerve, innervates the tensor tympani muscle. It provides sensory and motor innervation to the face.

The cranial nerve VIII, also known as vestibulocochlear nerve, carries information about hearing and balance.

The cranial nerve IX, also known as glossopharyngeal nerve. It controls muscles in the oral cavity and upper throat (responsible for swallowing).

The cranial nerve X, also known as vagus nerve innervate the muscles of palate, pharynx, larynx, ear canal, and pinna etc.

Clinical Audiology: Diagnostic tests

2019-02-07T11:39:00.000-08:00

Tone decay in excess of .......... is associated with retrocochelar pathology.

a). 10 dB HL
b). 10 dB SL
c). 30 dB HL
d). 30 dB SL
e). 40 dB SL

Correct answer: d

Tone decay in excess of 30 dB SL is associated with retrocochelar pathologies.

Hearing disorders

2018-10-08T09:03:00.000-07:00

This is most common form of hearing disorder in childhood.

a). Otitis externa

b). Meningitis

c). Impacted cerumen

d). Otitis media with effusion

e). Congenital inner ear anomalies

correct answer: d

Anatomy of Ear: Inner Ear

2018-10-07T10:00:00.000-07:00

Name a motor protein found in cochlea.

a). Myosin

b). Prestin

c). Connexins

d). Innexins

e). Otoferlin

Correct answer: b

Myosins are motor proteins involved in muscle contraction.

Prestin is a motor protein of the outer hair cells in mammalian cochlea.

Connexins are gap junction proteins found in vertebrates. Connexin 26 and connexin 30 are found in cochlea.

Innexins are gap junction proteins found in invertebrates.

Anatomy of Ear: Inner Ear

2018-10-06T07:42:00.004-07:00

Stereocilia of outer hair cell in cochlea projects into __________.

a). Basilar membrane
b). Reissner membrane
c). Tectorial membrane
d). Spiral ligament
e). None

correct answer: c

Clinical Audiology: Bone Conduction

2014-12-16T18:02:00.003-08:00

The mechanism of bone conduction hearing which includes contribution from middle ear is known as __________

a). Compressional bone conduction
b). Inertial bone conduction
c). Distortional bone conduction
d). Occlusion effect
e). Carhart notch

correct answer: b

Clinical Audiology: Tuning Fork Tests

2014-12-15T10:22:00.003-08:00

False negative Rinne is most likely to be seen in __________

a). Test ear having SN hearing loss and non test ear having conductive hearing loss

b). Test ear having conductive hearing and non test ear having SN hearing loss

c). Test ear having conductive hearing loss non test ear having normal hearing

d). Bilateral symmetrical SN hearing loss

correct answer: a

Clinical Audiology: Middle Ear

2014-12-14T08:01:00.000-08:00

Bleeding in the middle ear from any cause is called __________

a). Tympanic necrosis
b). Otorrhea
c). Hemo-tympanum
d). Atelectasis

correct answer: c

Clinical Audiology: Masking

2014-12-13T08:26:00.000-08:00

High-frequency maskers presented at intense levels can produce masking at low frequencies. This is called __________

a). Upward spread of masking
b). Central masking
c). Remote masking
d). Peripheral masking
e). Simultaneous masking

correct answer: c

Sound

2014-12-12T09:42:00.000-08:00

Absolute sound pressure of a signal having intensity of 0 dB SPL is __________

a). 0.0002 dyne/cm2
b). 0.002 dyne/cm2
c). 0.02 dyne/cm2
d). 0.00002 dyne/cm2

correct answer: a

Audiology

2014-12-11T09:57:00.000-08:00

Sensitivity of an audiological test will increase when

a). False positive rate increases

b). False negative rate decreases
c). False positive decreases
d). True negative decreases

correct answer: b

Anatomy of Ear: Inner Ear

2013-12-10T10:42:00.000-08:00

_____ joins the membranous labyrinth between the cochlea and the utricle.

a). Ampullae

b). Endolymphatic sac

c). Cochlear aqueduct

d). Ductus reuniens

correct answer: d

Membranous labyrinth of inner ear contains the end organs of hearing (in cochlea) and balance (in vestibular labyrinth). The cochlea and vestibular labyrinth are interconnected by a narrow duct called ductus reuniens. The ductus reuniens joins the membranous labyrinth between the cochlea and the utricle.

Clinical Audiology

2013-07-28T01:00:00.000-07:00

Generally the term speech frequencies refers to __________

a). 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz

b). 300 Hz to 3000 Hz

c). 250 Hz to 4000 Hz

d). 250, 500, 1000 and 4000 Hz

e). 20 to 20000 Hz

correct answer: a

Anatomy of Ear: Tympanic Membrane

2013-07-27T04:22:00.000-07:00

The tympanic membrane is placed in the canal at an angle of _____ degrees with the floor.

a). 30

b). 45

c). 55

d).135

e).150

correct answer: c

Tympanic membrane is a thin semi-transparent membrane which separates middle ear from the external ear. It is made up of three layers of tissues, i.e. outer epithelial layer, middle fibrous layer and inner mucous layer. It is oval in shape and measures approximately 10 mm vertical plane and and 9 mm in horizontal plane. It is obliquely placed at the end of the ear canal at an angle of about 55° with the floor of the meatus.

Audiology: Diagnostic Assessment

2011-08-18T08:43:00.000-07:00

The Bekesy audiograms are described primarily based on _________.

a). continous tone tracing

b). sweep-frequency pattern

c). fixed-frequency pattern

d). pulsed or interrupted tone tracing

Correct answer: b

Anatomy of Ear: Auricle

2011-08-17T19:39:00.000-07:00

How many intrinsic muscles are found in the auricle _____?

a). three
b). nine
c). six
d). ten
e). four

correct answer: c

The intrinsic muscles of auricle are:

1. The Helicis major is a narrow vertical band located on the anterior margin of the helix. It arises from the spina helicis, and is inserted into the anterior border of the helix.

2. The Helicis minor is an oblique bundle and covers crus helicis.

3. The Tragicus is a short, flattened vertical band on the lateral surface of the tragus.

4. The Antitragicus from the outer part of the antitragus, and is inserted into the cauda helicis and antihelix.

5. The Transversus auriculae is placed on the cranial surface of the pinna. It consists of scattered fibers, extending from the eminentia conchæ to the prominence corresponding with the scapha.

6. The Obligus auriculae is found on the cranial surface, extending from the upper and back part of the concha to the convexity immediately above it.

Auditory Physiology: Outer ear

2011-08-16T03:35:00.000-07:00

1. The concha of the auricle serve as a resonator enhancing sounds around _____.

a). 4500 - 5000 Hz

b). 2700 - 3500 Hz

c). 800 - 1200 Hz

d). 5000 - 6000 Hz

2. The average gain provided by concha is _____.

1. Correct answer: a

2. Correct answer: 10 dB

Anatomy of Ear: Auricle

2011-08-15T05:06:00.000-07:00

Extrinsic muscles of the auricle are _________, _________, and _________.

Answer:
Auricularis Anterior: It is thin and fan-shaped, and arises from the lateral edge of the epicranial aponeurosis, and project on the front of the helix.

Auricularis Posterior: It consists of two or three bundles, and arise from the mastoid portion of the temporal bone by short aponeurotic fibers and insert into the lower part of the cranial surface of the concha

Auricularis Superior: It is thin and fan-shaped, and arise from the epicranial aponeurosis, and converge the upper part of the cranial surface of the auricule.

Anatomy of Ear: Auricle

2011-08-14T17:48:00.000-07:00

Auricle is predominantly made up of _______.

a). Elastic cartilage
b). Fibrocartilage
c). Muscle
d). Bone

correct answer: a

Anatomy of Ear: Auricle

2011-08-14T05:26:00.000-07:00

Auricle is attached to the skull (from posterior) at an angle of ______ degrees.

a). 45
b). 30
c). 15
d). 90
e). 60

correct answer: b

Auditory Physiology: Outer ear

2011-08-06T01:55:00.000-07:00

The auricles are important for

a). Sound localization in verticle plane
b). Sound localization in horizontal plane
c). Front-Back localization
d). All of the above
e). Both a and c

Answer