<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2382015052020549595</id><updated>2024-09-05T21:38:12.168-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Aviação, tudo aqui!</title><subtitle type='html'>Estou disponibilizando materiais de provas ANAC, com questões. espero que gostem  </subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aviationrichard.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2382015052020549595/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aviationrichard.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05220986316620954874</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>4</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2382015052020549595.post-2657458597289045022</id><published>2012-10-02T12:36:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-10-02T12:36:41.393-07:00</updated><title type='text'>algumas fotos ai</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aviationrichard.blogspot.com/feeds/2657458597289045022/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://aviationrichard.blogspot.com/2012/10/algumas-fotos-ai.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2382015052020549595/posts/default/2657458597289045022'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2382015052020549595/posts/default/2657458597289045022'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aviationrichard.blogspot.com/2012/10/algumas-fotos-ai.html' title='algumas fotos ai'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05220986316620954874</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_xJGVvsNvDPBOS0tefAfFmJYhrr_8ly6cXycGlTwJnkRsE_N0NNRulPPvcUTTVPjYk0PV6ow-ydFky6vY049C7lzjKYeqMurAEn6KM4Fg6Oixzi_IWbrDs4paQxS5POhY6W7o0icbryjp/s72-c/IMG_0376.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2382015052020549595.post-2810790666041049404</id><published>2012-10-02T10:37:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-10-02T10:37:42.155-07:00</updated><title type='text'>fases do curso e o que precisa para ser piloto de helicóptero</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Piloto Privado de Helicoptero&lt;br /&gt;
O Helicóptero é um equipamento que fascina a todos, tanto por sua aerodinâmica, como por sua capacidade de locomoção em voo. Existem basicamente dois tipos de carteiras de habilitação para Piloto de Helicóptero: O PPH (Piloto Privado de Helicóptero) e PCH (Piloto Comercial de Helicóptero). Para exercer a profissão de piloto com remuneração é necessário a carteira de Piloto Comercial Helicóptero (PCH), para adquirir esta habilitação, é necessário a habilitação de Piloto Privado de Helicóptero.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Veja os pré-requisitos para ingressar no curso de Piloto Privado de Helicóptero (PPH):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ter completado 17 anos de idade&lt;br /&gt;
Ter completado o 1º Grau Escolar (Ensino Fundamental)&lt;br /&gt;
Antes de ingressar no curso, aconselha-se que o aluno realize um exame médico no Hospital da Aeronáutica ou em uma clínica homologada pela ANAC, para conseguir o seu Certificado de Capacidade Física (CCF 2ªclasse), que será necessário na parte prática.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O curso é dividido em duas fases, teórica e prática.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fase Teórica&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A fase teórica do curso consiste no estudo das seguintes matérias:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Navegação Aérea&lt;br /&gt;
Aeronaves e Motores&lt;br /&gt;
Teoria de Voo e Aerodinâmica&lt;br /&gt;
Meteorologia&lt;br /&gt;
Regulamentos de Tráfego Aéreo&lt;br /&gt;
Navegação Aérea: Ao estudar Navegação Aérea você irá aprender as várias maneiras de conduzir uma aeronave de um determinado local para outro em segurança. Existem vários tipos de navegação aérea. Existem vários modelos de orientação aérea: Visual, Estimada, Radiogoniométrica, Eletrônica, Astronômica e Satélite.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aeronaves e Motores: O estudo de Aeronaves e Motores lhe permite ter conhecimento de todos os tipos de aeronaves e motores utilizados na aviação.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aerodinâmica e Teoria de Voo: Ao estudar aerodinâmica e teoria do voo, você entenderá como e porque uma aeronave voa e como controlar suas funções.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regulamentos de Tráfego Aéreo: Para manter a harmonia da aviação, existe um sistema de Controle Aéreo. Estudando os Regulamentos de Tráfego Aéreo você terá conhecimento de como são e quais são os procedimentos de voo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meteorologia: O estudo da meteorologia é necessário quando se pretende voar com segurança. Através deste estudo você será capaz de identificar nuvens e o sentido do vento.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fase Prática&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para realizar a fase prática, além de estar aprovado na parte Teórica, é necessário:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Certificação de Capacidade Física (CCF 2ª Classe)&lt;br /&gt;
Ground School do helicóptero a ser utilizado.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Robinson R-22&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O Ground School é um curso baseado no Manual de Vôo da aeronave que será utilizada para as aulas práticas. Através deste Manual o aluno adquire os conhecimentos e características quanto aos procedimentos, limitações, desempenho, e outros, de cada modelo de aeronave. Os modelos mais utilizados pelas escolas são o Robinson R22 e o Schweizer 300, por serem helicópteros de fácil manuseio.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A Certificação de Capacidade Física (CCF 2ª Classe) pode ser adquirido no Hospital da Aeronáutica ou em qualquer clínica credenciada pela ANAC. Através dele será possível saber se o aluno estará apto a realizar voo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Para ser aprovado na Fase Prática, o aluno terá que realizar no mínimo 35 horas de voo,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Schweizer 300&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
com acompanhamento de instrutor, que irá aprova-lo para que então o aluno seja submetido a um “check” com o avaliador da ANAC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sendo aprovado no “check” da ANAC, o aluno terá concluído todas as etapas e terá a certificação de Piloto Privado de Helicóptero (PPH), o que lhe permite adquirir ou alugar um helicóptero e realizar voos particulares, sem fins comerciais. Para realizar voos comerciais tais como Táxi Aéreo, Off-Shore, Aéromédico e etc, é necessário a certificação de Piloto Comercial de Helicóptero (PCH), clique aqui e veja como adquiri-lo.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aviationrichard.blogspot.com/feeds/2810790666041049404/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://aviationrichard.blogspot.com/2012/10/fases-do-curso-e-o-que-precisa-para-ser.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2382015052020549595/posts/default/2810790666041049404'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2382015052020549595/posts/default/2810790666041049404'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aviationrichard.blogspot.com/2012/10/fases-do-curso-e-o-que-precisa-para-ser.html' title='fases do curso e o que precisa para ser piloto de helicóptero'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05220986316620954874</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2382015052020549595.post-7667361552388811849</id><published>2012-10-01T17:50:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-10-01T17:50:17.269-07:00</updated><title type='text'>teoria de voo de helicóptero</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;&quot;&gt;ÍNDICE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Tipos de Vôo
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&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Vôo pairado ............................3&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Arrasto de Fuselagem ...................4&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Efeito de Cone .........................4&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Efeito de Solo .........................5&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Ressonância com o Solo .................5&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Vôo com deslocamento ...................5&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Efeito Pendular ........................7&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Dissimetria de Sustentação .............7&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Sustentação de Deslocamento ............8&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Fluxo Transverso .......................8&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Distribuição da Sustentação ............9&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Estol ..................................9&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Curva do Homem Morto ..................12&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Fator de Carga
........................12&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Velocidades............................13&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Auto-rotação ..........................13&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Estabilidade ..........................15&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Precauções Gerais .....................16&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Condições de vôo X Performance&amp;nbsp;
.......17&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Manobras de Vôo .......................19&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Dicas para um bom vôo .................26&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;TEORIA
DE VÔO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
TIPOS DE VÔO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;O helicóptero, por possuir
asas rotativas, tem a capacidade de executar o vôo pairado, pois as pás estão
em deslocamento em relação ao vento, e o vôo com&amp;nbsp; deslocamento.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;VÔO PAIRADO (rover – do inglês Hover)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Tipo de vôo no qual o
helicóptero se encontra imóvel em relação a um ponto, diz-se do helicóptero em
vôo pairado, está roverando. Teoricamente, a velocidade no vôo pairado não é
zero, pois, a velocidade do helicóptero depende da velocidade do vento relativo
(para a aerodinâmica tanto faz, o corpo ou o vento em deslocamento), sendo a
posição do disco de rotação, inclinada na direção contrária e na mesma intensidade
do vento, na qual o helicóptero terá todas as reações de que como estivesse
voando horizontalmente na velocidade do vento.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;No pairado existem três
grandes forças verticais que na realidade resumem-se a duas, que são iguais,
porém em sentido contrário. São elas: Sustentação ( L ) e Peso( W ), que é
acrescido da terceira força que é o Arrasto de Fuselagem (DF ou DP).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;No vôo pairado, sem vento,
a sustentação é uniforme, as duas metades do disco de rotação (esquerda e
direita) estão operando com a mesma velocidade aerodinâmica, ângulos de ataque
iguais e, portanto sustentação igual em todo o disco. Nesta situação o disco de
rotação e as estrelas estacionária e rotativa estão paralelos entre si e ao
solo, entretanto, a rigor, todo o conjunto está ligeiramente inclinado para a
esquerda (helicópteros anti-horário) para compensar o torque, na verdade para
compensar a deriva para a direita provocada pelo rotor de cauda.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;O empuxo resultante das
forças do rotor principal é para cima, de modo que é exercida sobre a massa de
ar uma força para baixo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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NOTA: O peso máximo de decolagem e o teto máximo para o vôo pairado podem ser
definidos pela limitação de potência, melhor do que pela capacidade
aerodinâmica de sustentação do rotor principal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;ARRASTO DE FUSELAGEM (DF OU DP)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
É o arrasto provocado pelo ar jogado para baixo, pelo
rotor principal, que vai de&amp;nbsp; encontro com
a fuselagem. É uma força na perpendicular do vento relativo, portanto uma força
vertical que não colabora em nada para a sustentação, tem sentido contrário a
esta. É um dos fatores que limitam o teto máximo no vôo pairado, sendo uma
característica deste tipo de vôo, pois, em deslocamento (+/- 15 MPH) esta força
desaparece, devido á inclinação do disco de rotação e ao aparecimento do vento
relativo, fazendo com que o ar jogado para baixo incline-se para trás.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
EFEITO DE CONE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;É o enflexamento excessivo
(para cima) das pás do rotor principal que não giram no plano recomendado,
causando além de uma perda muito grande da sustentação (diminui a área útil de
sustentação), um esforço muito grande de flexão nas pás, podendo resultar na
quebra destas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;É provocado pela composição
de duas grandes forças: sustentação e centrífuga (aumento da sustentação e
decréscimo da centrifuga). É agravado em atitude de cabradas, curvas ou
manobras bruscas, peso excessivo, ventos ascendentes e principalmente baixa RPM,
fatores que aumentam consideravelmente o fator carga.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;OBS: - A diminuição da RPM
acentua o efeito de cone, aumentando a possibilidade de quebra das pás;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; - O aumento excessivo da RPM provocará uma
antecipação do efeito de compressibilidade, como também uma quebra das pás
(largar a pá do punho) causada pelo aumento da força centrífuga.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Por este motivo existe um
limite de RPM (estipulado pelo fabricante do helicóptero) tanto para mais como
para menos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  z-index:251645440&#39; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
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   o:title=&quot;efeito cone&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;
 &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
  &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;218&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1037&quot; width=&quot;490&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;NOTA: Um certo cone é tolerado e inevitável, principalmente nos
rotores articulados (movimento livre das pás) não podendo, entretanto, ter um
ângulo muito acentuado, o que caracteriza o Efeito de Cone.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;EFEITO DE SOLO (FLUTUAÇÃO)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;É o ganho extra de
sustentação que o helicóptero adquire, sendo máximo quando se encontra no vôo
pairado até uma altura máxima de metade do diâmetro do rotor principal,
resultando em um aumento do teto do helicóptero no vôo pairado. A partir desta
altura, metade do diâmetro do rotor principal, perde completamente a sua
eficácia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;É uma consequência do ar
comprimido (alta pressão) pelo rotor principal, contra o solo, formando um
colchão de ar abaixo da área de cone. A direção e a quantidade de ar são de
grande importância, sendo o efeito diretamente proporcional ao ângulo de ataque
das pás do rotor principal, neste caso tem maior importância que a RPM,
provocando um aumento da densidade do ar abaixo do disco de rotação que voltará
de encontro ao rotor principal, aumentando a sustentação deste.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;É a aplicação da Terceira
Lei de Newton, onde o helicóptero está “tentando empurrar a Terra para baixo”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;O tipo de terreno também é
de grande importância, pois quanto mais consistente e plano for o terreno,
maior a quantidade de ar defletida (para cima e para fora) aumentando a sua
eficiência, perdendo eficácia em grama, capim alto e água onde o efeito é
praticamente desprezível. Ao sair dos parâmetros do efeito de solo, a pressão
positiva (alta) abaixo de área do cone dissipa-se rapidamente.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;É conhecido
internacionalmente pelas siglas:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;IGE (In Ground Efect)&amp;nbsp; = Dentro do Efeito de Solo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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   o:title=&quot;IGE&quot;/&gt;
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   o:title=&quot;oge&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;
 &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
  &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;203&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1038 _x0000_s1039&quot; width=&quot;595&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;OGE (Out Ground Efect) = Fora do Efeito de Solo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Ver vídeo da saída do
Efeito de Solo, AFUNDAMENTO, na pasta VIDEOS AVIAÇÃO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
RESSONÂNCIA COM O SOLO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;É sentida como uma
vibração violenta e progressiva, devido ao desequilíbrio do colchão de ar sob o
rotor principal. É causada pela descentralização do centro de massa do rotor,
que por sua vez é causado pelo movimento de avanço e recuo da pá.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Muita
atenção: esta vibração pode destruir o helicóptero em questão de segundos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;A ressonância é sempre uma
probabilidade, que só ocorrerá com o helicóptero dentro do efeito de solo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Sendo que a probabilidade
aumenta bastante em helicópteros com: rotor articulado, amortecedores de
arrasto descalibrados, pneus e amortecedores no trem de pouso descalibrados,
terrenos acidentados ou de consistência diferente, engrazamento e
desengrazamento do rotor com o motor, cheque de magnetos, táxi, pousos e
decolagens.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Correções&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;1 – Se com RPM (potência)
suficiente, tirar o helicóptero imediatamente do efeito de solo;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;2 – Se com baixa RPM
(potência), fechar toda a manete, coletivo em mínimo e aplicar o freio do rotor
(com as devidas precauções).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Ver vídeo GROUND RESONANCE,
RESSONÂNCIA 1 e 2, na pasta Vídeos Aviação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
Faça o Teste GR I&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
VÔO COM DESLOCAMENTO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Devido à maneira com a qual
emprega as asas o helicóptero pode fazer três tipos de vôo, que são: Pairado
(sem movimento em relação ao solo), Vertical (sustentação maior que o peso) e
Horizontal (tração maior que o arrasto).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
Vertical&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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   o:title=&quot;helicoptero3&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;tbody&gt;
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   &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td width=&quot;259&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td width=&quot;67&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td width=&quot;269&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td height=&quot;171&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;171&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1042&quot; width=&quot;259&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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   &lt;td align=&quot;left&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;177&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1043&quot; width=&quot;269&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td height=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Com o helicóptero no pairado puxa-se o coletivo, alterando o
ângulo de ataque das pás coletivamente (em todos os setores do plano de rotação
as pás tem o mesmo ângulo de ataque), tendo-se uma maior ou menor sustentação
(coletivo para cima ou para baixo), com mais coletivo a sustentação fica maior
que o peso fazendo o helicóptero subir.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Tração =
arrasto &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;Tração = arrasto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; Sustentação maior que peso
= vôo ascendente&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sustentação
menor que peso = vôo descendente&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
Horizontal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Nas aeronaves de asas
fixas, a força de tração é obtida da força provocada pela hélice, puxando o ar
para trás. Nas aeronaves de asas rotativas é obtida pela inclinação do vetor
sustentação que decompõe com o peso, fato muito mais complexo e que gera várias
outras forças, algumas benéficas e outras maléficas ao vôo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;A força de tração é
conseguida pela inclinação do comando cíclico (ângulos diferentes em cada setor
do plano de rotação – através da unidade misturadora), aumentando a sustentação
na metade traseira e diminuindo na metade dianteira do plano de rotação, fato
que provocará uma inclinação neste. Esta inclinação deve-se exclusivamente a
mudança de passo cíclica (ângulos diferentes para cada setor que a pá se
encontre).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Com a decomposição da sustentação
em duas forças, uma vertical (R.A – resultante aerodinâmica) e outra inclinada
na direção da metade mais baixa do plano de rotação, sendo que é desta
combinação de forças (peso e sustentação) que surgirá a força de tração. Que é
uma força na horizontal, portanto mesma direção e sentido contrário ao vento
relativo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Ao aparecer a tração,
tem-se o aparecimento do efeito pendular (o helicóptero – fuselagem - tem a
tendência de inclinar-se&amp;nbsp; no mesmo
sentido do plano de rotação); mais a diminuição da sustentação em função da
inclinação do plano de rotação e a perda do efeito de solo, faz com que o
helicóptero tenha a tendência de afundar por inteiro no início do deslocamento,
havendo uma necessidade de maior potência para manter-se a altura do vôo. A
tração é inversamente proporcional a sustentação; maior tração, maior
inclinação do disco de rotação, resultando em uma menor sustentação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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   o:title=&quot;helicoptero3&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;190&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1044&quot; width=&quot;288&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Desta forma chega-se a conclusão que a direção e velocidade são
uma consequência direta do batimento forçado pelo comando cíclico.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;Tração maior que arrasto = vôo em aceleração&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;Tração menor que arrasto = vôo em desaceleração&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; OBS: Devido a inclinação
do plano de rotação para um aumento da velocidade, a sustentação diminuirá, &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; e com a diminuição
da velocidade, a sustentação, aumentará.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h6&gt;
EFEITO PENDULAR&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h6&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Nos helicópteros o
CP fica muito acima do CG, e quando um deles é deslocado, cria uma tendência
para que o CG se alinhe com a força de sustentação, iniciando um movimento
pendular (igual ao pendulo de um relógio).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;É o movimento lateral ou
longitudinal, característico das aeronaves de asas rotativas que se progressivo
pode tornar o helicóptero incontrolável, chegando a ponto de “derrubá-lo”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Surge por causa da inércia
da fuselagem em acompanhar o movimento de inclinação do plano de rotação e pelo
Efeito da Rigidez Giroscópica que tende a manter um corpo em seu momento de
equilíbrio, que no caso do helicóptero é bem acentuado devido a distância entre
o rotor e a fuselagem, fazendo com que o mastro tenha a tendência de alinhar-se
perpendicularmente ao plano de rotação. O Efeito Pendular é agravado com
comandos ou correções bruscas no cíclico.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Em caso de entrar-se neste
efeito o procedimento mais correto será a parada total da mão (comando cíclico),
e não tentar a correção da tendência.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  z-index:251653632&#39; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image013.png&quot;
   o:title=&quot;pend&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;/tr&gt;
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   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;173&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1045&quot; width=&quot;643&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;íclico em neutro&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
cíclico no sentido longitudinal&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
cíclico no sentido lateral&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Ver vídeo PENDULAR (PIASECKI
H21, na pasta Vídeos Aviação).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;DISSIMETRIA DE SUSTENTAÇÃO (EFEITO TRANSLACIONAL)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Foi o fato que mais
problemas trouxe para o desenvolvimento do helicóptero, sendo somente,
resolvido por Juan de La Cierva, na década de 20.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Dissimetria de Sustentação
ou Efeito Translacional é a desigualdade de sustentação entre a metade direita
do plano de rotação (pá que avança) e metade esquerda (pá que&amp;nbsp; recua). Essa&amp;nbsp;
desigualdade&amp;nbsp; deve-se a velocidade
do ar que passa sobre as pás (velocidade aerodinâmica). A pá que avança tem uma
velocidade aerodinâmica maior que a pá que recua, sendo a sustentação igual à
massa de ar que passa por um aerofólio na unidade de tempo, tem-se maior
sustentação na metade direita do plano de rotação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Manifesta-se no início do
deslocamento (no vôo pairado, sem vento, a velocidade aerodinâmica das pás é
igual nas duas metades do plano de rotação). Porém, quando é iniciado o
deslocamento, a pá que avança terá maior sustentação em relação a que recua,
embora a RPM seja a mesma, a velocidade aerodinâmica é maior na pá que avança,
fazendo com que o helicóptero tenha a tendência de: girar “touneaux”
(rolamento) para a esquerda.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;A solução para este
problema é alterar a sustentação através da mudança de passo cíclica, pá que
avança, maior sustentação, menor ângulo de ataque; pá que recua, menor
sustentação, maior ângulo de ataque. Esta mudança de passo cíclica é conseguida
pelo uso da Unidade Misturadora (Swash Plate). Por uma ação do cíclico tem-se a
inclinação da estrela estacionária, que por sua vez, através de rolamentos,
inclinará a estrela rotativa que está ligada ao rotor principal por hastes,
alterando o ângulo de ataque de cada pá de acordo com o setor do plano de
rotação que esta se encontre.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Desta forma tem-se uma
sustentação igual em todo o plano de rotação, fazendo o helicóptero deslocar-se
em velocidade constante, porque para aumentar a velocidade tem-se que inclinar
mais o plano de rotação, desigualando novamente a sustentação, tendo um novo
ângulo para cada setor que a pá se encontre, equalizando novamente a
dissimetria de sustentação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;NOTA: 01- As explicações
acima têm como base os helicópteros que giram o seu rotor principal no sentido
anti-horário, para os helicópteros horários tem-se os mesmos efeitos porém com
lados invertidos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 02- O rotor de cauda também sofre o
problema da dissimetria de sustentação que é anulada pelo batimento em conjunto
de suas pás.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
  id=&quot;_x0000_s1046&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&#39;position:absolute;left:0;
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  z-index:251654656&#39; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
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   o:title=&quot;dissimetria&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;
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   &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;323&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1046&quot; width=&quot;518&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:line id=&quot;_x0000_s1049&quot; style=&#39;position:absolute;left:0;
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 o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:stroke endarrow=&quot;block&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:line&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;height: 22px; left: 0px; margin-left: 322px; margin-top: 37px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 251657728;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;22&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.gif&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1049&quot; width=&quot;12&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:line id=&quot;_x0000_s1048&quot;
 style=&#39;position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251656704&#39; from=&quot;303.3pt,43.85pt&quot;
 to=&quot;303.3pt,115.85pt&quot; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:stroke endarrow=&quot;block&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:line&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;height: 99px; left: 0px; margin-left: 398px; margin-top: 57px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 251656704;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;99&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.gif&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1048&quot; width=&quot;12&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:line id=&quot;_x0000_s1047&quot;
 style=&#39;position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251655680&#39; from=&quot;180.9pt,43.85pt&quot;
 to=&quot;180.9pt,115.85pt&quot; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:stroke endarrow=&quot;block&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:line&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;height: 99px; left: 0px; margin-left: 235px; margin-top: 57px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 251655680;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;99&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.gif&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1047&quot; width=&quot;12&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;Ver mudança de passo no heloblades, na pasta adicional.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;SUSTENTAÇÃO DE DESLOCAMENTO (EFEITO DE TRANSLAÇÃO)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;É a sustentação adicional
que o rotor principal desenvolve quando o helicóptero entra no vôo com
deslocamento horizontal. Sendo efetiva quando o helicóptero atinge a velocidade
de +/- 15 MPH, devido ao aumento da eficiência do rotor principal; a velocidade
do ar induzido para baixo soma-se a velocidade de deslocamento, fazendo com que
o ar passe mais facilmente pelo rotor. Neste caso, a potência requerida será
menor, porém, crescendo com a velocidade, sendo mais eficaz entre as
velocidades de 40 a 60 MPH.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Para velocidades superiores
a 60 MPH, quando as resistências parasitas vencem o efeito de translação, a
potência requerida deve aumentar (em maior proporção) com a velocidade,
necessitando de maior potência para manter a altitude.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
  id=&quot;_x0000_s1050&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&#39;position:absolute;left:0;
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  z-index:251658752&#39; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image020.png&quot;
   o:title=&quot;deslocamento&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;
 &lt;table align=&quot;left&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
  &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;39&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;226&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1050&quot; width=&quot;538&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
FLUXO TRANSVERSO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;É a diferença de arrasto
entre a parte dianteira e traseira do disco de rotação, causada pelo ar
desviado pela dianteira (maior velocidade para cima) e na parte traseira (maior
velocidade para baixo), resultando numa maior permanência das partículas de ar
sobre o aerofólio, devido ao maior ângulo de ataque (pá que recua – setor
traseiro esquerdo). Este fato gera um arrasto induzido maior na parte traseira
do disco, provocando, além de uma vibração lateral de 2:1 (freqüência
intermediária), uma tendência no rotor principal em cabrar, sendo esta
tendência diretamente proporcional à velocidade de deslocamento, sendo mais
acentuada entre as velocidades de 11 e 23 MPH.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA SUSTENTAÇÃO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
Pelo tipo de asa (rotativa) que possui, pode-se distinguir
“várias sustentações” no vôo do helicóptero, que são: Em torno do aerofólio
(extra e intradorso), ao longo da pá (raiz e ponta) e ao longo do disco.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;1-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt; Em torno do aerofólio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt; – De acordo com o Princípio de Bernoulli, se a velocidade do ar
aumenta sua pressão estática diminui. Como o ar é acelerado no extradorso, este
terá uma menor pressão estática, colaborando com um percentual que varia de 70
a 100 % da sustentação. Com a desaceleração do ar no intradorso, tem-se maior
pressão estática, que vai colaborar com um percentual que varia de 00 a 30 % da
sustentação. Desta forma pode-se chegar a conclusão que o maior percentual de
sustentação vem do diferencial de pressão entre extra e intradorso, em relação
ao ar que é jogado para baixo pelas pás do rotor principal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;2-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt; Ao longo da pá (raiz,
intermediária e ponta)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt; – Apesar de girar com a
mesma RPM, a ponta da pá tem uma velocidade aerodinâmica maior que a raiz
(velocidade da ponta em torno de 500 MPH – velocidade da raiz em torno de 00
(zero)MPH), como a sustentação varia com o quadrado da velocidade, a ponta da
pá tem uma sustentação muito maior que a raiz. Para compensar esta distribuição
desigual da sustentação, a pá apresenta uma torção em torno de seu eixo
longitudinal, onde, na raiz o ângulo de ataque é maior que o da ponta, ficando
a estação intermediária como a que mais colabora para a sustentação ao longo da
pá.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;3-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt; Ao longo do disco de
rotação (parte dianteira x traseira, través direito x esquerdo)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt; – No vôo pairado ou retilíneo uniforme, vôo de cruzeiro (sem
aceleração e/ou curva), a sustentação é igual em todo o disco de rotação. Fora
destas situações, a sustentação será desigual em determinadas partes do disco,
dependendo do comando (cíclico) utilizado. Com aceleração positiva a
sustentação será maior na parte traseira do disco, em curvas para a direita
maior na esquerda e vice-versa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;Faça o teste GR II&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
ESTOL&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;É a perda de sustentação
repentina, devido a separação dos filetes de ar do aerofólio, produzindo um
fluxo no sentido reverso (turbilhonamento). Neste momento o ar, turbilhonado,
aumenta a pressão no extradorso, diminuindo ou acabando com o diferencial de
pressão, principal fator de sustentação. No perfil simétrico este fato é
retardado devido ao pequeno “passeio” do centro de pressão.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;O estol pode ser antecipado
por vários fatores, entre estes se destaca a altitude, devido a baixa densidade
do ar, sendo também antecipado a baixa altitude, porém com elevada umidade e
altas temperaturas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;No helicóptero pode-se
destacar os estois de: Potência, Turbilhonamento, Pá e Ponta de pá.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
ESTOL DE POTÊNCIA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Tem como característica a
velocidade nula, sendo agravado em situação de baixa RPM e baixa densidade.
Surgindo da tentativa de fazer o vôo pairado, principalmente fora do efeito de
solo, não sendo suficiente a potência para tal. Situação esta que leva a um
grande ângulo de ataque, porém, o helicóptero começa a afundar com razão de
descida crescente.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;RECUPERAÇÃO: Coletivo em
mínimo (a pá está com grande ângulo de ataque, exigindo uma maior potência e
uma maior RPM), cíclico para frente (na tentativa de ganhar a sustentação de
deslocamento), e RPM para o máximo recomendado (sustentação varia com o
quadrado da velocidade – RPM).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;OBS: No vôo pairado ou em
baixa velocidade há de se prestar especial atenção quando se voa de um local de
alta densidade para um local de baixa densidade, devido ao estol de potência.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;ESTOL DE TURBILHONAMENTO (ANEL DE VORTICIDADE)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Caracteriza-se pelo
turbilhonamento excessivo do ar causado pela passagem o aerofólio chegando a
criar um anel de vórtice em toda a área da pá, quando se perde toda a
sustentação, que resultará em um afundamento violento do helicóptero.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Podendo ocorrer em duas
fases: no vôo com potência e no vôo sem potência (auto-rotação).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;VÔO COM POTÊNCIA: Pode
ocorrer em uma grande razão de descida com pouco ou nenhuma velocidade de
descolamento horizontal. Como a aeronave esta descendo, pega o ar turbilhonado,
na área abaixo do rotor, turbilhonando-o ainda mais e assim sucessivamente, até
criar o anel de vorticidade ao longo da pá. Neste ponto o helicóptero começa a
afundar violentamente e os comandos atuam com um retardo considerável.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;RECUPERAÇÃO: Coletivo em
mínimo para diminuir o turbilhonamento; cíclico à frente, para ganhar a
sustentação de deslocamento e deixar o ar turbilhonado para trás e RPM no
máximo recomendado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  z-index:251661824&#39; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
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   o:title=&quot;estol turbilhonamento&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Obs: A razão de descida crítica varia de acordo com o peso, RPM do
rotor, altitude, densidade e outros fatores pertinentes, porém uma maior
incidência foi percebida entre +/- 500 e 1000’, com velocidade inferior a 30
Kt.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  z-index:251660800&#39; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
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   o:title=&quot;probturb&quot;/&gt;
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   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;216&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1052&quot; width=&quot;336&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Descida vertical com potência muito acentuada&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;VÔO SEM POTENCIA
(AUTO-ROTAÇÃO): Pode ocorrer no momento seguinte ao flare (parada rápida), no
qual é acionado o coletivo, para cima, a fim de amortecer o pouso.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;NOTA: Em auto-rotação o
fluxo do ar no motor principal tem seu sentido invertido, passando de baixo
para cima, estando turbilhonado na área acima do rotor. Quando o coletivo é
acionado puxa este ar para baixo, podendo criar o anel de vorticidade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;RECUPERAÇÃO: Mesmo
procedimento do item anterior.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
ESTOL DE PÁ&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;É o principal fator da
limitação de velocidade do helicóptero no vôo para frente, resultando na perda
de sustentação da pá que recua devido ao seu grande ângulo de ataque.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp; pá&amp;nbsp;
que&amp;nbsp; recua&amp;nbsp; tem&amp;nbsp;
uma velocidade aerodinâmica muito menor que a pá que avança (dissimetria
de sustentação), para compensar esta falta de sustentação ela trabalha com um
ângulo de ataque muito maior. À medida que aumenta a velocidade, o ângulo
também é aumentado, podendo chegar a um limite máximo, ultrapassando o ângulo
de estol e perdendo a sustentação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Este estol começa na raiz
da pá (maior ângulo) caminhando para a ponta, sendo sentido com maior
intensidade quando estola a região intermediária (região de maior sustentação).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;O estol da pá que recua,
acontece no través esquerdo (posição 270º), momento que a pá está mais a favor
do vento relativo. Porém só é sentido 90º depois (precessão giroscópica), na
parte traseira do disco de rotação (posição 180º). Este fato resultará em uma
violenta cabrada do helicóptero.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Nota: Esquema para
helicóptero anti-horário&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Fatores que podem antecipar
ou agravar o Estol de pá: Peso excessivo, Elevada altitude densidade (AD – ar
rarefeito), Baixa RPM do rotor principal, Manobras bruscas, posicionamento do
CG e o principal fator Elevada velocidade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  height:145.55pt;z-index:251662848&#39; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
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   o:title=&quot;estol pa&quot;/&gt;
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   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;194&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1054&quot; width=&quot;307&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Recuperação: Coletivo em mínimo para diminuir o ângulo de ataque,
cíclico para trás para diminuir a velocidade, RPM no máximo recomendado para
aumentar a sustentação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Grande ângulo de ataque&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;ESTOL DE PONTA DE PÁ (EFEITO DE COMPRESSIBILIDADE ou ESTOL DE
MACH)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;O estudo do fenômeno da
compressibilidade do ar é muito complexo, fugindo ao objetivo desta apostila,
onde, porém, torna-se necessário uma pequena explicação deste fenômeno.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;No vôo subsônico, o ar é
considerado um fluido incompressível, podendo ser desprezadas as variações de
densidade e temperatura, causadas pelo movimento do aerofólio. Quando a
velocidade de escoamento do ar atinge velocidade próxima a do som, o ar passa a
ser um fluido compressível, daí o termo “efeito de compressibilidade”, variando
completamente o seu comportamento.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;A compressibilidade surge
com a formação da onda de choque sobre o aerofólio em velocidade muito elevada
(velocidade transônica). A onda de choque por sua vez surge com a desaceleração
muito rápida do escoamento do ar, deslocando os filetes de ar (camada limite),
ocasionando um turbilhonamento e a consequente perda repentina de sustentação
ou estol.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;O estol de ponta de pá é
causado por velocidade excessivamente alta, portanto, afetará primeiro a ponta
da pá que avança. Causando uma vibração e uma tendência de rolamento para a
direita do helicóptero.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Recuperação: Coletivo em
mínimo, cíclico para trás e manter a RPM (que não pode ser aumentada, que neste
caso aumentará a velocidade da pá, aumentando o efeito do estol).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;RECUPERAÇÃO DOS VÁRIOS
TIPOS DE ESTOL&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
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 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td height=&quot;7&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;204&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image028.gif&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1026 _x0000_s1027 _x0000_s1029 _x0000_s1031&quot; width=&quot;552&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:line id=&quot;_x0000_s1036&quot; style=&#39;position:absolute;
 z-index:251644416&#39; from=&quot;72.9pt,9.3pt&quot; to=&quot;483.3pt,9.3pt&quot; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;/&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;height: 2px; margin-left: 96px; margin-top: 11px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 549px; z-index: 251644416;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;2&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.gif&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1036&quot; width=&quot;549&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ESTOL&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; COLETIVO&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CÍCLICO&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
MANETE&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CARACTERÍSTICA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
VELOCIDADE NULA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
POTÊNCIA&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; MÍNIMO&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; FRENTE&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
MÁXIMO&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; FALTA DE POTÊNCIA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:line id=&quot;_x0000_s1033&quot; style=&#39;position:absolute;
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 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td height=&quot;4&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;2&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.gif&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1033&quot; width=&quot;549&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
TURBILHO&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; MÍNIMO&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; FRENTE&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
MÁXIMO&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; POUCA VELOCIDADE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;NAMENTO&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; GRANDE
RAZÃO DE DESCIDA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:line id=&quot;_x0000_s1034&quot; style=&#39;position:absolute;
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&lt;table align=&quot;left&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td height=&quot;7&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;2&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.gif&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1034&quot; width=&quot;549&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
PÁ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; MÍNIMO&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; TRÁS&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
MÁXIMO&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; PÁ QUE RECUA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
MUITO ÂNGULO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:line id=&quot;_x0000_s1035&quot;
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 to=&quot;483.3pt,.95pt&quot; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;/&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;

&lt;table align=&quot;left&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;2&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.gif&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1035&quot; width=&quot;549&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; PONTA DE&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; MÍNIMO&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;TRÁS&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; MANTER&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
PÁ QUE AVANÇA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; PÁ&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; MUITA
VELOCIDADE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:line id=&quot;_x0000_s1028&quot;
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&lt;table align=&quot;left&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td height=&quot;13&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;2&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.gif&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1028 _x0000_s1030 _x0000_s1032&quot; width=&quot;549&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;OBS: No quadro acima, rpm
(manete) no máximo, significa no máximo recomendado pelo fabricante da
aeronave.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;CURVA DO HOMEM MORTO (RELAÇÃO ALTURA X VELOCIDADE).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;É o gráfico determinado por
eixos cartesianos com dados de altura x velocidade, identificando as partes do
envelope de vôo a partir das quais pode ser efetuado um pouso com segurança
após uma pane do motor. Enfim, mostra as condições em que se deve operar o
helicóptero com margem de segurança.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Este gráfico é normalmente
encontrado no Manual de Vôo, sendo específico para cada tipo de helicóptero.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;OBS: Não é necessário encontrar-se em vôo curvilíneo para estar
dentro da “curva do homem morto”, em vôo retilíneo também se pode estar dentro
dela. O termo curva vem do desenho descrito pela linha do gráfico.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Área A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt; – Pode-se efetuar um pouso em auto-rotação, com segurança.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Área B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt; – Impossível estabelecer um planeio em auto-rotação em caso de
pane no motor, por motivo da grande desaceleração do rotor principal, causada
pelo grande ângulo de ataque, baixa velocidade e pouca altura.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Área C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt; – Quase impossível estabelecer um planeio pela grande
desaceleração do rotor principal, sendo que um pouso somente seria possível em
área pavimentada, pois o contato com o solo seria com grande velocidade, pois a
pequena altura não permitiria uma maior redução da velocidade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Área D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt; – Praticamente impossível estabelecer um planeio em auto-rotação,
pelas mesmas razões de “C”, sendo que o pouso exigirá uma grande habilidade do
piloto, mesmo em área pavimentada, pois, o contato com o solo se daria a uma
velocidade muito alta (além do limite) e de uma forma bastante violenta.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
FATOR CARGA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;É o peso do helicóptero
medido na cabeça do rotor principal, que em caso de curvas, parada rápida,
recuperação de mergulho ou manobras bruscas, aumenta consideravelmente podendo
levar à quebra das pás do rotor principal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;O fator carga varia na
razão direta do co-seno do ângulo da inclinação da curva ou manobra,&amp;nbsp; de tal&amp;nbsp;
forma&amp;nbsp; que no vôo retilíneo
horizontal o fator carga será igual a 1 G (uma gravidade ou um peso do helicóptero).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Este aumento de peso dá-se
pelo aparecimento de mais uma força que vai atuar sobre a fuselagem, puxando-a
para fora do centro do movimento curvilíneo; que é a força centrífuga.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;O aparecimento desta nova
força acarretará uma diminuição na amplitude do disco, diminuindo ainda mais a
sustentação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;O fator carga é
inversamente proporcional ao raio da curva, quando menor o raio, maior o fator.
Podendo ser calculado pela seguinte formula:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;N= W x _&lt;u&gt;1___&lt;/u&gt; ( &lt;b&gt;N&lt;/b&gt;: fator carga, &lt;b&gt;W&lt;/b&gt;: peso da anv, &lt;b&gt;α&lt;/b&gt;:
ângulo de inclinação do disco )&lt;sup&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Cos α&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  z-index:251663872&#39; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image034.png&quot;
   o:title=&quot;fator carga&quot;/&gt;
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   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;403&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image035.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1055&quot; width=&quot;376&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;VELOCIDADES&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;VNE (Velocidade
Nunca Excedida)&lt;/b&gt; – É a velocidade limite para o helicóptero em virtude de
(em ordem decrescente): Estol de pá, Estol de ponta de pá, Potência necessária,
Esforço na estrutura.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Esta velocidade sofre uma variação
(diminui) com os fatores que aumentam o ângulo de ataque da pá que recua, que
são: altitude densidade, peso, baixa rpm no rotor principal, posição do cg e
turbulência.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;OBS: Mesmo restando amplitude do
comando esta velocidade não deve ser ultrapassada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Velocidade de Menor Ângulo de Descida
(máximo alcance)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; – É a velocidade que permite ao helicóptero percorrer uma
maior distância, principalmente no caso de pane no motor. Em caso de uma
descida normal esta será a velocidade recomendada, pois permite um melhor
planeio. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;No caso de descida, é menor que a de
menor razão de descida.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Velocidade de Menor Razão de Descida
(máxima autonomia)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; – Permite que o helicóptero voe por mais tempo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Velocidade de Máximo Ângulo de Subida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; – O
helicóptero sobe com o maior ângulo possível, sendo ideal para decolagem em
área restrita, pois permite livrar os obstáculos mais facilmente. Mesmo durante
uma decolagem normal é recomendado o uso desta.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;No caso de subida, é menor que a de
máxima razão de subida.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Velocidade de Maior Razão de subida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; –
Permite ganhar altura o mais rápido possível, é a velocidade que deixa uma
maior potência disponível.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Faça
o teste GR III&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
AUTO-ROTAÇÃO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;É a capacidade que o
helicóptero tem de manter suas pás girando, no mesmo sentido e velocidade, no
caso de uma falha do motor, assegurando a perfeita manobrabilidade da aeronave
e permitindo um pouso com segurança em condições de emergência.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Em auto-rotação as pás se
mantêm girando por efeito aerodinâmico e por ação mecânica da roda livre, que
libera o rotor do motor (desengrazamento). O fluxo de ar tem seu sentido
invertido, passando pelo rotor principal de baixo para cima e formando um
grande ângulo de ataque (daí a necessidade de comandar coletivo em passo mínimo
imediatamente para que a RPM do rotor não caia em demasia).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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   o:title=&quot;fluxo auto&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;155&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;153&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1056&quot; width=&quot;337&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;Sentido do fluxo de ar
durante a auto-rotação (reverso)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Para que o vôo e,
principalmente, o pouso em auto-rotação seja seguros é necessário que o piloto
tenha conhecimento das velocidades de maior alcance e menor razão de descida (é
menor que a primeira), as quais variam de helicóptero para helicóptero. Sendo a
velocidade de +/- 60 MPH ideal para a maioria dos helicópteros, dependendo da
direção e velocidade do vento natural.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Operando o helicóptero com
peso máximo, elevada AD e vento forte, a velocidade deverá ser ligeiramente
maior que a recomendada, para uma menor razão de descida; por outro lado, com o
helicóptero leve, baixa AD e vento fraco, a velocidade deverá ser ligeiramente
menor que a recomendada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext;&quot;&gt;A falha do motor será
percebida por uma forte guinada (esquerda nos anti-horários e direita nos
horários) e por um baixamento&amp;nbsp; do nariz.
Desta forma, o helicóptero em auto-rotação terá a tendência de curva para o
lado de rotação do rotor principal e em picar. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Comandos a serem usados em
auto-rotação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;-Cíclico – Depende da
velocidade de deslocamento e da direção e velocidade do &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;vento
(ligeiramente para direta, nos anti-horários, esquerda nos horários), e
ligeiramente para trás, anulando a tendência em picar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext;&quot;&gt;Sendo necessário ter em
mente que para uma boa auto-rotação deve-se levar em consideração a altura do
vôo, a velocidade de deslocamento e a rotação do rotor principal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;-Coletivo – Em mínimo, o ar
(de baixo para cima) mantém o rotor girando, desde que seja comandado passo
mínimo imediatamente.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;-Manete de RPM – Totalmente
fechada, em caso de auto-rotação real, para que em caso do motor voltar a
funcionar não haver um disparo de RPM; na auto-rotação simulada, manter em
marcha lenta, para que o motor não pare realmente.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;-Pedais – Aplicar o pedal
direito para manter a proa do helicóptero, não existindo mais o torque do
motor, não existe há necessidade do pedal esquerdo. Não aplicar o pedal para
fazer curvas, pois o uso do pedal pode roubar até 10% da potência do rotor
principal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
Em caso de variação de RPM durante a auto-rotação:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Disparo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt; – Coletivo ligeiramente para cima, aumentando o arrasto, e consequentemente
diminuindo a RPM;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;Queda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt; – Cíclico ligeiramente para frente, aumentando a velocidade de
deslocamento, que vai aumentar a razão de descida, que por sua vez aumentará a
velocidade do fluxo de ar aumentando a RPM o rotor principal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;NOTA: 01- Um ganho
momentâneo de RPM é conseguido levando-se o cíclico para trás, porém, é um
ganho momentâneo, pois quando o cíclico for levado a sua posição inicial, a RPM
voltará a cair.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 02- No procedimento para auto-rotação com
helicóptero pesado, vento forte, helicóptero pesado e AD elevada, a velocidade
deverá ser ligeiramente maior que a recomendada, para uma menor razão de
descida. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Com helicóptero leve, vento fraco,
helicóptero leve e AD baixa, a velocidade deverá ser ligeiramente menor que a
recomendada, para uma menor razão&lt;span style=&quot;background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;de descida.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 03- Em curva a RPM tende a aumentar,
quanto menor o raio de curva, maior a tendência.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 04- Em auto-rotação a
velocidade é o controle primário de razão de descida. De zero a 60 MPH, grande
razão de descida; 60 MPH, melhor razão de descida; acima de 60 MPH, a razão de
descida volta a aumentar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1 e 2- coletivo em baixo
(mínimo)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; e manete de rpm
toda fechada;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 3- manter velocidade
de deslocamento&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; e rpm do rotor
principal;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 4- flare- cíclico para
trás, diminuindo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; a velocidade
de deslocamento;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 5- cíclico para frente
(ligeiramente a frente&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; do neutro,
nivelando o trem de pouso com o&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; solo);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 6- puxar coletivo,
amortecendo o toque com o&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; solo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h6&gt;
ESTABILIDADE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h6&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Para um corpo estar em equilíbrio é necessário que todas as
forças que atuam sobre o mesmo estejam equilibradas por forças de mesma
intensidade e direções opostas, sendo que a soma dos momentos também deve ser
nula.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;O equilíbrio divide-se em Estático e Dinâmico.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; .ESTÁTICO – Leva
em consideração a tendência ao retorno ou não do helicóptero &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
quando perturbado, desprezando o estado do helicóptero após a &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
aplicação da força.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; .ESTÁVEL
(POSITIVO) – Tende a voltar a posição inicial de equilíbrio;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
.INSTÁVEL (NEGATIVO) – Tende a afastar o helicóptero da posição inicial;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; .INDIFERENTE
(NEUTRO) – Tende a equilibrar-se em uma nova posição.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;OBS: A &lt;u&gt;tendência&lt;/u&gt; não garante o retorno e a
permanência à posição inicial.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; .DINÂMICO – Leva
em consideração a resultante do movimento no tempo, &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
analisando a maneira que o helicóptero reage à força aplicada; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
maneira como volta ou não a posição inicial. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; .ESTÁVEL
(POSITIVA) – Tende a voltar com oscilações de amplitude &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; decrescentes e
suaves;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; .INSTÁVEL
(NEGATIVA) – Tende a retornar a posição inicial com oscilações &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; de amplitude
crescentes e bruscas, não conseguindo &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;o objetivo;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; .INDIFERENTE
(NEUTRA) – Tende a retornar a posição de equilíbrio em uma &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; nova posição.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;No helicóptero a estabilidade dinâmica positiva e neutra, só
é encontrada com a atuação do comando cíclico, pois seu vôo depende de uma
determinada instabilidade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;OBS: A tendência em continuar na direção da força comprova a
instabilidade estática e o aumento da amplitude a instabilidade dinâmica.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shapetype id=&quot;_x0000_t87&quot; coordsize=&quot;21600,21600&quot;
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 filled=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:formulas&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;val #0&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
ESTÁVEL E DINÂMICO&amp;nbsp; INSTÁVEL&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
ESTÁTICO&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; INSTÁVEL&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; INDIFERENTE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
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INDIFERENTE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;PRECAUÇÕES
GERAIS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1) Faça um pré-vôo criterioso, isto
pode salvar sua vida;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2) Não faça manobras acrobáticas;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3) Não cheque os magnetos em vôo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4) Cuidado ao ajustar a mistura em vôo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;5) Taxi deve ser feito a baixa altura e
baixa velocidade;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;6) Checar carga útil antes do vôo
(passageiros devidamente acomodados e com cinto &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
de segurança, bagagens balanceadas e amarradas, quantidade de
combustível e &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
óleo);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;7) Muita atenção quando for pairar a
sotavento de um obstáculo (área de &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
turbulência);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;8) Evitar o pairado dentro da Curva do
Homem Morto;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;9) Sempre faça um pairado, dentro de
Efeito de Solo, antes de iniciar um vôo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;10) Em área turbulenta reduzir a
velocidade e manter a RPM no recomendado;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;11) Sempre clarear a área antes de uma
manobra, principalmente quando praticando &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
auto-rotação, quando se deve, também clarear a área abaixo do helicóptero;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;12) Cuidado com os objetos soltos
dentro da cabine, inclusive os cintos de &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
segurança que não estão sendo utilizados devem ser travados, pois podem &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
prender os comandos;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;13) Em qualquer tipo de vôo manter, se
possível, dois referenciais externos;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoHeading8&quot;&gt;
Recomendações de Segurança&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Voar bem (ter bom pé
e mão) não significa voar com segurança, pois as condições atmosféricas podem
alterar consideravelmente a performance da aeronave e, também,&amp;nbsp; tem-se que levar em conta as limitações de
uma determinada aeronave.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Todas aeronaves
possuem um manual (Manual de Vôo) onde são encontradas todas as informações de
limitações e performance, que devem ser seguidas para um vôo seguro.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Não esquecer, que um
bom pré-vôo evita uma porcentagem imensa de acidentes. E neste pré-vôo, não
esquecer de olhar o combustível (antes de qualquer deslocamento da aeronave),
tanto em quantidade como em impurezas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Voar, sempre que
possível, fora do limite da curva do homem morto, manter condição de vôo,
quando visual estimar com bastante precisão as distâncias necessárias.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Principalmente&amp;nbsp; na aproximação, determinar a direção e
velocidade do vento e manter, sempre que possível, uma baixa razão de descida.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Assim como, também,
deve-se estar atento para os obstáculos terrestres (principalmente torres e
cabos), tráfego aéreo, pássaros (principalmente quando em bandos) e uma área
para um possível pouso de emergência.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
CONDIÇÕES DE VÔO x PERFORMANCE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Determinados fatores devem ser observados quando se estuda a
performance de um helicóptero, e dentre destes pode-se destacar a velocidade de
deslocamento, peso, densidade e vento atmosférico.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;VELOCIDADE: Um dos mais importantes aspectos na avaliação da
performance, pois com a variação da velocidade tem-se a variação do arrasto e
variação da eficiência do rotor (sustentação de deslocamento). E
necessariamente a variação da potência.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;PESO: O maior ou menor peso tem uma variação direta no
ângulo de ataque das pás, maior peso maior ângulo o que implicará numa maior
solicitação de potência. Limitando por sua vez a velocidade de deslocamento,
altura do pairado, inclinação nas curvas e razão de subida.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;DENSIDADE: Com a diminuição da densidade (varia com a
pressão, temperatura, altitude e umidade), tanto o motor como o rotor perde
eficiência e com esta perda faz-se necessário um aumento do ângulo de ataque,
que por sua vez implicará em uma maior solicitação de potência.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;VENTO ATMOSFÉRICO: Um vento variando de moderado a “forte” é
benéfico para o vôo do helicóptero, principalmente em baixa velocidade, pois a
velocidade do vento aumenta a eficiência do rotor principal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Em
relação à temperatura (densidade)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  z-index:251667968&#39; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image046.png&quot;
   o:title=&quot;perfor 02a&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;
 &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
  &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;126&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image047.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1059&quot; width=&quot;413&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Em relação à altitude (densidade)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Em
relação ao peso&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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   o:title=&quot;perfor 03a&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;Em relação a umidade&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  text-align:left;margin-left:109.35pt;margin-top:15.8pt;width:297pt;height:188.15pt;
  z-index:251670016&#39; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image052.png&quot;
   o:title=&quot;prefor 05b&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;
 &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
  &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;146&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;251&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image053.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1061&quot; width=&quot;396&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;Em relação ao vento&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Teto Operacional- Altitude máxima para o vôo pairado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Teto de Serviço(Prático)- É maior que o operacional, voando
somente com deslocamento; tendo uma razão de subida igual a 100 FT/min.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Teto Absoluto- Voa somente com deslocamento, razão de subida
é igual a zero, onde a velocidade máxima, maior alcance e maior autonomia se
igualam.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;Velocidade de Máxima
Razão de Subida- Ganha altura o mais rápidamente possível.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;Velocidade de Máximo
Ângulo de subida- Sobe com o maior ângulo, é menor que a de máxima razão.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
MANOBRAS DE VÔO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1) DECOLAGEM PARA O VÔO PAIRADO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;É a manobra executada pelo piloto, na
qual após a decolagem, manterá o helicóptero sem deslocamento, a uma altura que
deverá ser menor que a altura do Efeito de Solo (altura recomendada +/- 2
metros).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;A) Acelere para RPM recomendada (para o
vôo);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;B) Puxar o coletivo suave e
continuamente, trabalhando coordenadamente com a manete (para manter a RPM) e
pedal (para manter a proa);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;C) Marque um ponto no solo, use o
cíclico para evitar o deslocamento horizontal (deve ser usado de acordo com o
vento - sentido contrário - e o CG - balanceamento do helicóptero);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;D) Use os pedais para manter a proa,
que deve ser contra o vento;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;E) Prestar especial atenção no Manifold
Pressure (mede a pressão de admissão do motor);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;OBS: O vôo pairado exige uma grande
coordenação do piloto, que usará o cíclico para manter o helicóptero imóvel em
relação aos eixos lateral e longitudinal, o coletivo para manter a altura e
pedais para manter a proa. Sendo que a alteração de qualquer comando resultará
em uma ação coordenada nos demais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2) GIRO NO VÔO PAIRADO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;A) Mantenha o helicóptero sobre o ponto
escolhido anteriormente, utilizando o cíclico;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;B) Mantenha a altura (Coletivo e
manete) e velocidade de giro (pedal) constante;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;C) Iniciar os giros sempre pela
esquerda, se o helicóptero não girar pela esquerda, não tentar o giro pela
direita, pois poderá não haver força suficiente para pará-lo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;OBS: 1- Giro pela esquerda diminui a
RPM do motor (perdendo altura);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
2- Giro pela direita aumenta a RPM do motor (ganhando altura);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
3- Lembrar que em relação à proa do helicóptero, o vento sofrerá uma
alteração, dando a tendência de cabrar com vento de proa e picar com vento de
cauda.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3) VÔO OU ROLAGEM LATERAL&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;É a manobra realizada quando não é
possível girar o helicóptero para um deslocamento ou rolagem à frente (exemplo:
vento forte no qual uma mudança de proa exigirá maior potência do motor).
Deve-se manter o helicóptero sempre que possível aproado ao vento.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1- Marque duas referências externas, na
mesma linha, na direção do vôo e mantenha as duas alinhadas durante o vôo;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2- Para iniciar o vôo aplicar uma
pressão no cíclico na direção desejada;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3- Existirá uma tendência do
helicóptero em aproar o vento relativo, devendo esta ser anulada com a
utilização dos pedais (geralmente pedal contrário ao deslocamento).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4) VÔO PARA TRÁS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Manter um especial cuidado com os
deslocamentos para trás, a intensidade de comando é menor que para frente e a
distância entre piloto e rotor de cauda é relativamente grande, necessitando de
uma boa avaliação&amp;nbsp; das distâncias e
uma&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; boa clareada a área pretendida.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1- Marque duas referências à frente do
helicóptero, na mesma linha da proa;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2- Coloque o cíclico para trás e
mantenha as referências;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3- Cuidado com o rotor de cauda para
não bater em algum obstáculo ou no solo;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4- Muita atenção com os pedais, o vôo
para trás exigirá maior coordenação destes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
OBS&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;: Vôos para trás devem ser evitados,
quando necessário deverão ser feitos a baixa velocidade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;5) DECOLAGEM NORMAL( Partindo do
pairado )&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Paire o helicóptero aproado ao vento,
aumentado simultânea e suavemente a velocidade (cíclico para frente) e mantendo
a altura com o coletivo (puxar coletivo), tente manter a fuselagem o maior
tempo possível nivelada ao solo, evitando um arrasto desnecessário e uma
atitude muito “radical”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1- Com o helicóptero no pairado cheque
o funcionamento do motor (potência necessária, disponível e RPM), ação dos
comandos e balanceamento;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2- Ao atingir a sustentação de
deslocamento o helicóptero começa a ganhar altura, ajuste a velocidade e pressão
de admissão para o recomendado (melhor razão de subida);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3- Com o aparecimento do vento relativo
será necessário diminuir a quantidade de comando do pedal esquerdo (vento
relativo ajuda a compensar o torque);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4- Um pouco antes de atingir a altitude
desejada, novamente ajustar pressão de admissão e velocidade para o vôo de
cruzeiro.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Velocidade x subida&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;6) DECOLAGEM COM VENTO DE TRAVÉS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Quando não for possível uma decolagem
com o vento aproado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1- A deriva (tendência de deslocamento
do helicóptero), deve ser compensada com o cíclico, que deve ser inclinado na
direção contrária ao vento;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2- Manter a proa com os pedais,
pressionando o pedal do lado oposto ao vento;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3- Este procedimento deve ser mantido
até 50 ft no mínimo, quando o helicóptero deverá ser aproado ao vento, onde o
piloto deverá continuar com o procedimento de uma decolagem normal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;7) VÔO DE CRUZEIRO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Vôo de cruzeiro é aquele no qual são
mantidos constantes proa, velocidade e altura.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1- Quanto maior a velocidade maior a
potência necessária para manter a altura do vôo;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2- Aumentar o passo coletivo e mantida
a velocidade o helicóptero ganha altura, diminuindo o passo coletivo e mantida
a velocidade o helicóptero perde altura;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3- Aumentando a velocidade e mantido o
passo coletivo (potência) o helicóptero perde altura, diminuída a velocidade e
mantido o passo coletivo o helicóptero ganha altura;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4- O helicóptero é uma aeronave
instável, se uma rajada de vento provocar uma atitude diferente, esta tende a
acentuar-se cada vez mais, necessitando de uma interferência do piloto para
voltar à situação desejada. O piloto deve estar bem alerta e “voar” o
helicóptero o tempo todo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;8) CURVAS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;As curvas aumentam o fator carga
consideravelmente e diminuem a sustentação, quanto menor o raio da curva, maior
o fator carga e menor a sustentação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;A) Curva Nivelada&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1- Antes de iniciar a curva ou qualquer
manobra clareie a área pretendida;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2- Aplique o cíclico na direção
desejada, não usar pedal (pedal é para contrariar o torque);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3- De acordo com o grau de inclinação,
torna-se necessário o uso do cíclico à frente para manter a velocidade;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
Derrapagem, a razão de giro é muito grande em relação à inclinação(curva
demasiadamente fechada) fazendo o helicóptero deslizar para fora do centro da
curva (centrífuga maior que centrípeta). É causada pelo excesso de pedal no
sentido da curva ou pedal insuficiente no sentido contrario da curva.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
Glissada, a razão de giro é muito pequena em relação ao ângulo de
inclinação, fazendo o helicóptero deslizar para o centro da curva (centrípeta
maior que centrífuga). É causada pela insuficiência de pedal no sentido da
curva ou excesso no sentido contrário.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
OBS: É possível ocorrer uma glissada no vôo reto nivelado, bastando um
lado do helicóptero estar mais pesado e a rota mantida pelo uso dos pedais,
técnica igual é usada para anular o vento.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;B) Curva Subindo ou Descendo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;O mesmo procedimento anterior, só que
com aumento ou diminuição de potência e/ou velocidade. Sendo que o helicóptero
tem a tendência de perder altura durante as curvas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;9) SUBIDA NORMAL A PARTIR DO VÔO DE
CRUZEIRO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1- Comande o cíclico para trás ou
aumente a potência, com as devidas correções;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2- Para nivelar ajuste a atitude do
cíclico (para frente) um pouco antes da altitude desejada;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3- mantenha a potência até a velocidade
de cruzeiro, então ajuste a potência para a nova altitude.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;10) DESCIDA NORMAL A PARTIR DO VÔO DE
CRUZEIRO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1- Leve o cíclico ligeiramente à frente
ou diminua a pressão de admissão, com as devidas correções;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2- Para nivelar ajuste, um pouco antes
do pretendido, a atitude (cíclico para trás);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3- Manter a potência até a velocidade
de cruzeiro, então ajustar para a nova altitude.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;11) APROXIMAÇÃO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;É o procedimento compreendido entre o
vôo de cruzeiro e o vôo pairado (que neste caso deve ser feito dentro do efeito
de solo). A sustentação de deslocamento deve ser mantida por maior tempo
possível, independentemente do tipo de aproximação escolhido. Também o ângulo
de descida (rampa) deve ser mantido constante, para uma maior facilidade,
coincida um ponto da área de pouso com um ponto do helicóptero e manter os dois
coincidindo até o pouso.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Existem 03 tipos de aproximação:
pequeno, normal e de grande ângulo e a escolha deve ser feita levando-se em
consideração vários fatores, tais como: tamanho da área de pouso, obstáculos,
altitude densidade, direção e velocidade do vento, peso bruto do helicóptero e
potência disponível.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;A) APROXIMAÇÃO DE PEQUENO ÂNGULO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;É a aproximação utilizada quando da
necessidade de um pouso corrido (falta de potência, falta do rotor de cauda ou
excesso de peso), necessitando de uma área grande, plana e consistente. É feita
com +/- 5° a +/- 12° de ângulo de descida, perdendo-se mais altura que
velocidade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1- Manter velocidade recomendada;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2- Baixar o coletivo (controlar o toque
no solo, que deve ser o mais suave possível);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3- Após o toque, não deixar que haja
uma mudança repentina na proa, que deve ser controlada com os pedais;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4- Não colocar o cíclico para trás,
antes da parada total do helicóptero (poderá decolar novamente ou bater com a
cauda no chão)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;5- Após o toque baixar suave e
continuamente o coletivo, para que a parada total não seja muito brusca.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  z-index:251671040&#39; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image056.gif&quot;
   o:title=&quot;APROXPEQUENO&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;270&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;135&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image056.gif&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1062&quot; width=&quot;114&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Visão
do heliponto&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;B) APROXIMAÇÃO NORMAL&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Aproximação feita com um ângulo de +/-
12°, a velocidade de aproximação deve ser mantida o maior tempo possível, até
+/- 50 ft, para evitar a curva do homem morto. Dependendo do peso, densidade e
vento a velocidade pode ser zerada (vôo pairado) a alguns metros antes da área
de pouso, para que se possa checá-la antes do toque.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Por suas características deve ser a
aproximação mais utilizada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Perde-se velocidade e altura na mesma
proporção.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  z-index:251672064&#39; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image057.png&quot;
   o:title=&quot;APROXNORMAL&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;
 &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
  &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;283&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;158&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image058.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1063&quot; width=&quot;106&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Visão
do heliponto&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;C) GRANDE ÂNGULO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Este tipo de aproximação é usada quando
da existência de obstáculos, impedindo uma aproximação&amp;nbsp; normal,&amp;nbsp;
sendo&amp;nbsp; também&amp;nbsp; utilizada&amp;nbsp;
para&amp;nbsp; pousos em helipontos
elevados (edifícios, picos de morros e período noturno) evitando a área de
turbulência, já que os pousos devem ser feitos com vento de proa. É feita com
um ângulo de descida compreendido entre +/- 12° e +/- 20°, sendo realizada a
semelhança de uma aproximação normal, com o ponto de início de descida mais
próximo da área de pouso, perdendo-se mais velocidade que altura.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  height:115.4pt;z-index:251673088&#39; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
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   o:title=&quot;APROXGRANDE&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;
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  &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;282&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;154&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image060.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1064&quot; width=&quot;90&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Visão
do heliponto&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
OBS: Para um pouso em heliponto elevado é recomendada uma
aproximação de grande ângulo, evitando a área de turbulência criada pelo vento.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  text-align:left;margin-left:130.5pt;margin-top:12.65pt;width:180pt;height:175.35pt;
  z-index:251677184&#39; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image061.png&quot;
   o:title=&quot;pouso elevado&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;
 &lt;table align=&quot;left&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
  &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;174&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;234&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image062.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1068&quot; width=&quot;240&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Exemplos
de aproximação em relação ao vento&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  z-index:251676160&#39; o:allowincell=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
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   o:title=&quot;pouso vento&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;
 &lt;table align=&quot;left&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
  &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;107&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;242&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_3DAA07C1-AF97-4285-B4B3-9E0C4EE1961B.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image064.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1067&quot; width=&quot;432&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;12) POUSO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
Após a aproximação, com o helicóptero no pairado, usa-se
o cíclico para anular a tendência em derivar e os pedais para manter a proa.
Feito isto, começa-se a baixar o coletivo, suavemente até o toque do
helicóptero com o solo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;13) POUSO CORRIDO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Este recurso é utilizado, após uma
aproximação de pequeno ângulo, em elevada altitude densidade, peso excessivo
(constatando que a potência disponível não será suficiente para um pouso
normal) ou uma pane no rotor de cauda logo após a decolagem. A área de pouso
ter tamanho suficiente, plana e compacta.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1- Manter a velocidade de aproximação
até +/- 50 ft;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2- Após a diminuição da velocidade o
helicóptero tende a perder altura rapidamente, tendência que deve ser anulada
com o uso do coletivo;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3- O trem de pouso deve estar paralelo
ao solo e alinhado com a trajetória descrita;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4- Após o toque utilizar os pedais para
que não haja uma mudança significativa e repentina na proa;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;5- Mantenha o cíclico ligeiramente à
frente, caso contrário o helicóptero poderá decolar de novo, ou poderá ocorrer
um choque da pá com a cauda ou um choque do rotor de cauda com o solo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;6- Não baixe o coletivo repentinamente
e sim suave e progressivamente. No caso de um comando brusco ou repentino
haverá uma parada muito brusca do helicóptero, forçando todo o sistema de
transmissão desnecessariamente e podendo provocar uma pilonada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;14) DECOLAGEM CORRIDA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Quando os fatores de uma decolagem
normal não forem favoráveis, tais como: elevada altitude densidade ou excesso
de peso, pode-se optar por uma decolagem corrida, desde que a área seja plana,
compacta e de tamanho suficiente para tal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1) Aproar o vento;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2) Antes da decolagem corrida tentar um
pairado momentâneo, se a potência não for suficiente para tal, não tentar a
decolagem corrida pois não haverá potência para esta;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3) A área à frente deve ser livre de
obstáculos, devido à pequena razão de subida;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4) Cíclico à frente, puxar o coletivo
para o helicóptero começar a deslizar no solo;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;5) Ao atingir a sustentação de
deslocamento, cíclico ligeiramente para trás, o helicóptero decolará. Manter
uma pequena razão de subida, evitando curvas até uma altura segura (+/- 50 ft);
daí em diante entrar no envelope de vôo normal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;15) DECOLAGEM DE MÁXIMA PERFORMANCE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;É a decolagem utilizada quando operando
em áreas restritas para ultrapassar os obstáculos existentes. Principalmente
para este tipo de decolagem é necessário que o piloto tenha em mente as limitações
de sua aeronave, direção e velocidade do vento, densidade, peso, posição do CG,
altura e distância dos obstáculos, para uma avaliação da possibilidade ou não
da manobra.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1- Aproar o vento;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2- RPM e potência para o máximo
permitido;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3- Cíclico ligeiramente à frente;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4- Após cruzar o obstáculo, estabelecer
um padrão normal de subida.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;OBS: Neste tipo de manobra o
helicóptero permanecerá por um longo período dentro da curva do homem morto.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;16) OPERAÇÃO EM ÁREA RESTRITA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Área restrita é qualquer área onde a
operação é limitada pela existência de obstáculos ou fatores adversos ao vôo do
helicóptero.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Onde o pouso ou decolagem são feitos
próximo a obstáculos, a ponto de causar turbulência.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1) Fazer uma passagem alta, avaliando
as dimensões da área de pouso.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1.a)Prestar atenção na direção e
velocidade do vento, na inexistência de um controle ou indicador de direção e
velocidade do vento (biruta) usar qualquer referência próxima à área de pouso
(árvores, mato alto, bandeiras hasteadas, roupa secando ou outra referência).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1.b) Observar a existência de fios
elétricos ou não na área de pouso.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2) Haverá uma área turbulenta sempre a
sotavento (depois) dos obstáculos, em caso de vento forte, também haverá
turbulência a barlavento (antes) dos obstáculos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Fazer uma passagem baixa, confirmando
os itens da passagem alta e avaliar a potência necessária para o pouso.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3) Mantenha um baixo ângulo de subida
ou descida; é melhor ultrapassar um obstáculo próximo, porém com potência
sobrando, do que alto e sem potência de sobra.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4) Cuidado com o rotor de cauda,
livrá-lo de obstáculos até o pouso e no pairado evitar fazer giros sem antes
clarear a área.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Obs.:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1) Nunca pouse em um local onde não
tenha certeza da decolagem, principalmente em local com árvores muito altas e muito
próximas a área de pouso.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2) Planejar a trajetória de
aproximação, levando em consideração a possível falha do motor, neste caso onde
se poderia fazer um pouso forçado. Às vezes é mais interessante fazer uma
aproximação com vento de través, porém com uma área livre para um pouso em caso
de emergência.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;17) POUSO EM TERRENO INCLINADO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Levar em conta a performance do
equipamento em uso, o que é pouco para um pode ser muito para outro.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1) Pousar sempre a 90° com a inclinação
do terreno, independentemente da direção do vento;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2) Baixar suavemente o coletivo, o
esqui do lado mais alto da elevação tocará primeiro, aplique o cíclico nesta
direção. Continuar baixando o coletivo e inclinando o cíclico até o esqui do
outro lado tocar o solo. Neste ponto, baixar o restante do coletivo, mantendo o
cíclico constante.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3)
Manter RPM de decolagem, caso haja uma escorregada do Hel, a decolagem deve ser
imediata.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;18) AUTO-ROTAÇÃO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;É a manobra que permite um pouso
seguro, em caso de falha do motor, pois o piloto tem um completo comando sobre
o helicóptero.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
1) O ponto para o pouso em auto-rotação já deve ter sido
estabelecido, mesmo com o motor em funcionamento;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
2) Comandar coletivo em mínimo imediatamente,
provavelmente aplicar o pedal direito e fechar toda a manete de RPM;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
3) Manter a velocidade dentro do recomendado para
estabelecer a melhor razão de descida, pois a velocidade passa a ser o controle
primário de altura (para a maioria dos helicópteros 50 a 60 MPH);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
4) Não utilizar, em hipótese alguma os pedais durante as
curvas, a utilização destes, principalmente o esquerdo diminui a velocidade do
helicóptero e consequentemente a RPM;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;5) Evitar o pouso com vento de cauda;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
6) Na altura recomendada pelo fabricante (+/- 50 ft) faça
o flare (cíclico para trás), mantenha sempre o horizonte a vista. Haverá um
aumento momentâneo da RPM;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
7) Com a velocidade próxima do zero e prestando atenção
para que a cauda do helicóptero não bata no chão ou em algum obstáculo, nivelar
a atitude do helicóptero, levando o cíclico à frente;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
8) Sem velocidade o helicóptero começará a perder altura
acentuadamente, puxe o coletivo para amortecer o pouso. Caso a puxada do
coletivo seja demasiada, o helicóptero começará a subir perdendo RPM, o que
configura uma situação bastante drástica.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Faça
o teste GR IV&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aviationrichard.blogspot.com/feeds/7667361552388811849/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://aviationrichard.blogspot.com/2012/10/teoria-de-voo-de-helicoptero.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2382015052020549595/posts/default/7667361552388811849'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2382015052020549595/posts/default/7667361552388811849'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aviationrichard.blogspot.com/2012/10/teoria-de-voo-de-helicoptero.html' title='teoria de voo de helicóptero'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05220986316620954874</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2382015052020549595.post-7442068886791607927</id><published>2012-10-01T14:57:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2012-10-01T14:57:56.490-07:00</updated><title type='text'>introdução a meteorologia</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Introdução&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Definição de Meteorologia Aeronáutica&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Finalidades&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;OACI / OMM&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Redes de Estação Meteorológica&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;EMS / EMA / ERM / ERS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Redes de Centros Meteorológicos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;CRPA / CMA / CMV&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;- Códigos e Mensagens Meteorológicas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: -7.1pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;METAR / TAF / SIG WX e&amp;nbsp; WIND ALOFT PROG / SIGMET&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Fenômenos Meteorológicos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Trovoadas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Turbulência&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Formação de Gelo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Wind Shear / Microburst&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; style=&quot;page-break-before: always;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-right: -7.1pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;1. INTRODUÇÃO À METEOROLOGIA AERONÁUTICA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Meteorologia
– ciência que estuda os fenômenos da atmosfera.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;A
Meteorologia se divide em:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Pura:
voltado para a área da pesquisa – meteorologia sinóptica, dinâmica, tropical,
polar etc.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Aplicada:
voltado para uma atividade humana – meteorologia marítima, aeronáutica,
agrícola, bioclimatologia etc.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Meteorologia
Aeronáutica – ramo da meteorologia aplicado à aviação e que visa, basicamente,
a &lt;u&gt;segurança&lt;/u&gt;, a &lt;u&gt;economia&lt;/u&gt; e a &lt;u&gt;eficiência&lt;/u&gt; dos vôos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;A Meteorologia Aeronáutica vem obtendo, nas últimas décadas, um alto
grau de desenvolvimento de técnicas de observação/previsão e sofisticação de
equipamentos, acompanhando paralelamente a evolução da aviação e, nisso
contribuindo para um maior grau de segurança e economia das operações aéreas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;BREVE CRONOLOGIA DA METEOROLOGIA&amp;nbsp; NO SÉCULO XX&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1920 –
A Organização Meteorológica Internacional (OMI) cria a Comissão Técnica de
Meteorologia Aeronáutica; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Anos
30 – grande impulso da meteorologia com a elaboração da teoria das frentes
(Escola Norueguesa);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Figura 1 – Aeronave da Marinha Norte
Americana com um meteorógrafo preso às asas registrando pressão, temperatura e
umidade em 13 de dezembro de 1934 .&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(fonte: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/historic/nws/nwind18.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/historic/nws/nwind18.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;)&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Anos
30 (final) – introdução da &lt;u&gt;Radiossonda:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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  o:title=&quot;rs&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;209&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1029&quot; width=&quot;140&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Figuras 2 e 3 – Meteorologistas preparando e lançando radiossondas
(fonte: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.noaa.gov/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;http://www.noaa.gov&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Anos 40 – utilização do &lt;u&gt;Radar&lt;/u&gt; na
Meteorologia;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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  o:title=&quot;radar&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;145&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1030&quot; width=&quot;182&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Figura 4 - Radar de superfície (fonte: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.noaa.gov/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;http://www.noaa.gov&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Anos 50 (início) – introdução da previsão
meteorológica numérica (Análise Sinótica e Previsão de Macro-Escala);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1954 - A Organização de Aviação Civil Internacional
(OACI/ICAO) e a Organização Meteorológica Mundial (OMM/WMO) firmam acordo de
mútua cooperação;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1960 – Lançamento do 1&lt;sup&gt;o &lt;/sup&gt;satélite
meteorológico – &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;TIROS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1031&quot;
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  o:title=&quot;tiros1 - foto&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;232&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1031&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;568&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.gif&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1032&quot; width=&quot;536&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Figuras 5 e 6 – Fotografia
do equipamento e da primeira imagem do Satélite TIROS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Fonte: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.noaa.gov/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;http://www.noaa.gov&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Últimas décadas – Aplicação do Radar Doppler
na Aviação;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1994 – Implantação do Supercomputador do INPE &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tempos
recentes – difusão crescente da INTERNET na troca de informações meteorológicas
e melhoria dos modelos de previsão e nos equipamentos de detecção de fenômenos
adversos à aviação (turbulência, nevoeiros etc.).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h1&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;2. ORGANIZAÇÃO DA
METEOROLOGIA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;Dois grandes organismos internacionais ligados à ONU
(Organização das Nações Unidas) regem as atividades ligadas à Meteorologia
Aeronáutica em termos mundiais: a OACI (Organização de Aviação Civil
Internacional), com sede em Montreal (Canadá) e a OMM (Organização
Meteorológica Mundial), com sede em Genebra (Suíça). &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;A OACI é o órgão dedicado a todas atividades ligadas
à aviação civil internacional, sendo um de seus principais objetivos
possibilitar a obtenção de informações meteorológicas necessárias para a&amp;nbsp; maior segurança, eficácia e economia dos
vôos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;A OMM é um organismo das Nações Unidas, que auxilia
tecnicamente a OACI no tocante à elaboração de normas e procedimentos
específicos de Meteorologia para a aviação, assim como no treinamento de
pessoal da área.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;No Brasil, o Centro Nacional de Meteorologia
Aeronáutica (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;CNMA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;) é o órgão que coleta todas as informações
meteorológicas básicas fornecidos pela rede de estações meteorológicas e
posteriormente faz a análise e o prognóstico do tempo significativo para sua
área de responsabilidade – entre os paralelos 12&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;N/35&lt;sup&gt;O&lt;/sup&gt; S
e meridianos 025&lt;sup&gt;O&lt;/sup&gt; W/130&lt;sup&gt;O&lt;/sup&gt; W.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Para desempenhar as
atividades relacionadas à navegação aérea, a meteorologia brasileira está
estruturada sob a forma de uma rede de centros meteorológicos (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;RCM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;) e estações de coleta de dados
meteorológicos (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;REM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;). Além do Centro Nacional de Meteorologia Aeronáutica,
existem outros Centros Meteorológicos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Nacionais, classificados em classes de 1 a 3, de acordo com
suas atribuições, assim como os Centros Meteorológicos de Vigilância
responsáveis pela expedição de mensagens SIGMET e AIRMET&amp;nbsp; para suas respectivas Regiões de Informação
de Vôo (FIR). Completando a Rede de Centros, existem também os Centros
Meteorológicos Militares (CMM), que atuam exclusivamente para atender a Força
Aérea Brasileira.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;A &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ede de &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;stações &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;eteorológicas
é composta, por sua vez, de Estações Meteorológicas de Superfície (&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;EMS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;), Estações
Meteorológicas de Altitude (&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;EMA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;), Estações de Radar Meteorológico (&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;ERM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;) e
Estações Receptoras de Imagens de Satélites (&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;ERIS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;A responsabilidade das atividades da
meteorologia aeronáutica no Brasil está a cargo do Departamento de Controle do
Espaço Aéreo – DECEA (do Comando da Aeronáutica) e da Empresa Brasileira de
Infra-Estrutura Aeroportuária (INFRAERO), que é responsável, nesse sentido, por
uma grande parte desses serviços em todo o território nacional.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Como membro da OACI, o Brasil assumiu
compromissos internacionais com vistas a padronizar o serviço de proteção ao
vôo de acordo com os regulamentos dessa organização. Sendo assim, o DECEA
normaliza e fiscaliza os serviços da área de Meteorologia conforme os padrões
da OMM, OACI e interesses nacionais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;OMM&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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OACI&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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7 – Organograma de organizações da área de Meteorologia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; style=&quot;page-break-before: always;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;h1&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;3.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;CÓDIGOS
METEOROLÓGICOS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Nas Estações Meteorológicas de Superfície,
existentes em mais de 100 aeródromos brasileiros, são confeccionados e
difundidos de hora em hora, boletins meteorológicos onde constam as informações
reais da área do aeródromo e que servirão de base às operações de pouso e
decolagem.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Temos a elaboração de 2 tipos de boletim que são
difundidos para fora do aeródromo – METAR e SPECI; o boletim ESPECIAL,
confeccionado quando há a elevação de 2ºC ou mais desde a última observação ou
quando for constatada a presença de turbulência moderada ou forte ou gradiente
de vento, fica restrito ao âmbito do aeródromo e o boletim LOCAL, quando ocorre
um acidente aeronáutico na área do aeródromo e vizinhanças, fica somente
registrado no impresso climatológico da estação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Os Boletins METAR e SPECI podem ser encontrados
nas Salas AIS e também no site do CNMA de Brasília – &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;http://www.redemet.aer.mil.br&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h6&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;METAR &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h6&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ex.
METAR SBGR 272200Z 18015G25KT 0800 R09/1000N R27/1200D +RA BKN012 OVC070 19/19
Q1012 RETS WS LDG RWY 27=&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Decodificação:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;METAR – Identificação do Código - Boletim
meteorológico regular para fins aeronáuticos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;SPECI&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i&gt;– Boletim
meteorológico especial selecionado – informado nos horários em que não for
previsto o Boletim METAR e quando houver alteração significativa nas
informações contidas na última mensagem.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;SBGR&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i&gt;– Indicador
de Localidade – S &amp;gt; América do Sul; B &amp;gt; Brasil; GR &amp;gt; Guarulhos. Outros
indicadores de localidade podem ser consultados na publicação ROTAER existente
nas Salas AIS.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Outros indicadores – SBSP – São Paulo (Congonhas);
SBMT – Campo de Marte; SBKP – Campinas (Viracopos); SBRP (Ribeirão Preto); SBBU
– Bauru; SBDN – Presidente Prudente; SBSJ – São José dos Campos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;272200Z&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i&gt;– Grupo Data
Hora – indica o dia e a hora (UTC) em que foi expedida a Observação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;18015G25KT&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i&gt;– Indica o
vento em superfície; no caso, soprando do quadrante Sul (180º), com 15 nós de intensidade
e 25 nós de rajadas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;A direção do vento é indicada com três algarismos,
de 10 em 10 graus, mostrando de &lt;u&gt;onde o vento está soprando&lt;/u&gt;, com relação
ao norte verdadeiro ou geográfico (obs.: As torres de controle informam o vento
aos pilotos das aeronaves em relação ao norte magnético).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;A intensidade do vento é informada em kt (nós) em
dois algarismos (até 99 kt) ou &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;P99&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, caso o vento tenha velocidade a
partir de 100 kt, sempre levando em consideração uma média de 10 minutos de
observação (obs.: As torres de Controle informam a intensidade do vento
com&amp;nbsp; um uma média de 2 minutos).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;As rajadas são informadas quando, em relação à
intensidade média, os ventos atingem uma velocidade máxima de pelo menos 10 kt,
em um período de até 20 segundos. É identificada pela letra &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;G&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; (Gust).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;O vento calmo é indicado nos boletins quando a
intensidade do vento for menor que 1 kt e representado por &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;00000KT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;O vento variável apresenta duas possíveis situações:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;1)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;A variação total da direção for de 60º ou mais,
porém menos de 180º com velocidade inferior a 3 kt, será informado o vento
variável; ex.: VRB02KT.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;2)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;Quando a variação da direção for de 180º ou mais com
qualquer valor de velocidade; ex: VRB23kt&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Obs: Quando as variações da direção do vento forem
de 60º ou mais, porém menos que 180º, e a velocidade média do vento for igual
ou maior que 3kt, as duas direções extremas deverão ser informadas na ordem do
sentido dos ponteiros do relógio, com a letra V inserida entre as duas
direções. Ex: 31015G27KT 280V350&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;0800&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; –
visibilidade horizontal predominante estimada em 800 metros. O OBM estima,
durante as observações, a visibilidade horizontal em torno dos 360º a partir do
ponto de observação e insere nos boletins a visibilidade predominante
encontrada, em quatro algarismos, em metros, com os seguintes incrementos:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;de 50 em 50 metros até 800 metros;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;de 100 em 100 metros, de 800 a 5.000 metros;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;de 1.000 em 1.000 metros, de 5.000 até 9.000 metros.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;Para valores a partir de 10.000 metros, informa-se
9999.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Obs.: Para visibilidades menores que 50 metros,
informa-se 0000.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Além da visibilidade predominante, será
informada a visibilidade mínima quando esta for inferior a 1.500 metros ou
inferior a 50% da predominante. Será notificada esta visibilidade e sua direção
geral em relação ao aeródromo, indicando um dos pontos cardeais ou colaterais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Exemplos: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1) 8.000 m de visibilidade predominante e 1.400
m no setor sul – 8000 1400 S&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2) 6.000 m de predominante e 2.800 m no setor
nordeste – (6.000 2800NE)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Obs: Quando for observada visibilidade mínima em
mais de uma direção, deverá ser notificada a direção mais importante para as
operações.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;R09/1000N R27/1200D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; – Alcance visual na pista 09 igual a 1000
metros sem variação e, na pista 27, igual a 1.200 metros e com tendência à
diminuição. O Alcance Visual na Pista é registrado pelos visibilômetros ou
diafanômetros, instalados nos principais aeroportos e quando a visibilidade
horizontal for menor que 2.000 metros. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Obs.: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1) quando não houverem diferenças significativas
entre os valores de duas ou mais pistas, informa-se somente o R seguido do
valor medido (ex.: R1000).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2) Quando houver pistas paralelas, informa-se
com letras, após o número da pista, o seu posicionamento: R (direita), L
(esquerda) e C (central). Ex.: R09R/1200. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3) Após o valor do RVR, informa-se a tendência
de variação, com as letras N (sem variação), U (tendência a aumentar) e D
(tendência a diminuir).&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Se o
valor for menor que o parâmetro mínimo que o equipamento pode medir, informa-se
M; ex.: R09/0050M – M inferior a 50 metros.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Se o
valor for maior que o parâmetro máximo que o equipamento pode medir, informa-se
P; ex.: R09/P2000 – P superior a 2.000 metros.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;+ RA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; – Grupo de tempo presente; no caso é indicada chuva (Rain) forte.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ver a Tabela 4678 que indica o tempo presente
para fins de codificação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Os fenômenos meteorológicos mais utilizados nos
boletins são: fumaça (FU), poeira (PO), névoa seca (HZ), névoa úmida (BR),
trovoada (TS), nevoeiro (FG), chuva (RA), chuvisco (DZ) e pancadas (SH).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;A névoa úmida somente será informada nos
boletins quando a visibilidade horizontal estiver entre 1.000 e 5.000 metros;
quando acima deste valor e não havendo outro fenômeno significativo será
omitido o fenômeno mencionado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;O qualificador de intensidade (leve, moderado ou
forte) somente será utilizado para formas de precipitação (DZ, RA, SN, SH
etc.).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;O qualificador VC (vizinhança) somente será
utilizado com fenômenos como SH, FG, TS, DS, SS, PO, BLSN, BLDU ou&amp;nbsp; BLSA entre 8 km e 16 km do ponto de
referência do aeródromo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;O descritor TS será utilizado isoladamente para
indicar trovoada sem precipitação e, combinado adequadamente quando da
existência de precipitação. Ex.: trovoada com chuva moderada =&amp;gt; TSRA.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;BKN012 OVC070&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; – Nublado com 1.200 pés e encoberto com 7.000 pés. Indica o grupo
de nebulosidade existente sobre o aeródromo ou a visibilidade vertical no caso
da existência de nevoeiro de céu obscurecido.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Quantidade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;: indica com abreviaturas para as seguintes coberturas do céu:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;FEW –
poucas – 1/8 ou 2/8&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;SCT –
esparsas – 3/8 ou 4/8&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;BKN –
nublado – 5/8, 6/8 ou 7/8 &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;OVC –
encoberto – 8/8&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Altura&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;: base das nuvens informada em centenas de pés.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tipo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;: informa-se para os gêneros TCU (Cumulus Congestus) ou Cb
(Cumulonimbus). Ex.: SCT030CB – cumulonimbus esparsos a 3.000 pés.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;O céu claro será expresso como SKC (SKY CLEAR) e
o céu obscurecido será informado pela visibilidade vertical, também em centenas
de pés. Ex.: VV001 – visibilidade vertical de 100 pés (30 metros).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;19/19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; – indica 19ºC para a temperatura do ar e 19ºC para a temperatura
do ponto de orvalho. Para temperaturas negativas insere-se a letra M antes da
temperatura ou temperatura do ponto de orvalho.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Q1012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; – indica o valor do ajuste do altímetro em hectopascais (hPa) em
quatro algarismos, como ocorre no Brasil ou em polegadas de mercúrio (Pol Hg),
como nos EUA – ex.: A2995 ou 29.95 Pol Hg.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;RETS WS LDG RWY 27&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; – trovoada recente e wind shear na pista 27. Faz parte das
informações suplementares e relata fenômenos que ocorreram durante a hora
precedente e também turbulência&amp;nbsp; e
tesoura de vento.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Previsão tipo tendência – evolução do tempo
prevista de até duas horas a partir do boletim meteorológico e inseridas no
final das mensagens, com os seguintes identificadores de mudança previstos –
BECMG, TEMPO e NOSIG. Ex.: METAR SBGR 271500Z 4000 BR FEW020 18/16 Q1018 BECMG
FM 1530 TL 1600 2000 – indica mudança de visibilidade entre 1530 e 1600 UTC,
prevalecendo após esse horário.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;CAVOK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; – significa Ceiling and Visibility OK, ou seja, teto e
visibilidade OK. É empregado nos boletins em substituição aos grupos de
visibilidade, RVR, tempo presente e nebulosidade. Deve ser informando quando
ocorrerem as seguintes condições: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Visibilidade
&amp;gt;= 10.000 metros&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ausência
de nuvens abaixo de 5.000 pés (1.500 metros)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ausência
de precipitação e Cb na área do aeródromo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;EX.: METAR SBGR 271500Z 00000KT CAVOK 22/18
Q1015= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Exemplos
de METAR nacionais:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Estado
de São Paulo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Mensagens do dia: 09/04/2004 às 17
Horas. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBGR 091700 12004KT 9000 SCT025 SCT030 BKN300 26/20
Q1017= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBSP 091700 19009KT 9999 SCT030 BKN300 25/19 Q1018= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBMT 091700 15003KT 8000 BKN025 BKN300 29/19 Q1017= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBSJ 091700 00000KT 6000 BKN020 29/20 Q1015= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBSJ 091730 26017KT 4000 -TSRA BKN020 FEW030CB 24/17
Q1015= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBRP 091700 07002KT 9999 BKN030 BKN080 34/19 Q1013= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBST 091700 18010KT 9999 BKN025 BKN090 29/23 Q1015=&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBYS 091700 00000KT 9999 BKN040 BKN300 29/17 Q1014= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBUP 091700 07005KT 9999 BKN028 FEW030TCU 30/20 Q1013=
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBUP 091730 13007KT 5000 -TSRA BKN028 FEW030CB SCT100
26/23 Q1 013=&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Capitais
brasileiras&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Mensagens do dia: 09/04/2004 as 17
Hora(s). &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBPA
091700 16011KT 9999 BKN030 27/// Q1017= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBFL 091700 17011KT 9999 FEW030 27/21 Q1016= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBCT 091700 09008KT 9999 BKN030 24/17 Q1019=&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBSP 091700 19009KT 9999 SCT030 BKN300 25/19 Q1018= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBGL 091700 10013KT 9000 SCT025 FEW030TCU SCT090 29/24
Q1013= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBVT 091700 03020KT 9999 FEW030TCU 30/24 Q1013= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBSV 091700 08012KT 9999 SCT017 32/23 Q1012= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBRF 091700 14005KT 9999 FEW023 BKN300 30/21 Q1012= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBAR 091700 12008KT 9999 SCT017 SCT300 31/25 Q1012= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBFZ 091700 12012KT 9999 SCT020 SCT100 30/23 Q1010= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBBE 091700 11006KT 9999 BKN020 32/24 Q1009= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBEG 091700 00000KT 9999 SCT012 BKN330 30/// Q1010 =&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Exemplos
de METAR internacionais:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Mensagens do dia: 09/04/2004 as 18
Hora(s).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SAEZ 091800 11014KT 9999 FEW040 BKN200 22/12 Q1024= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SACO 091700 18002KT 6000 BR OVC004 16/13 Q1025= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SUMU 091800 12015KT 9999 BKN017 SCT080 20/10 Q1024
NOSIG TURB MOD 06 LDG RWY06= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SCEL 091800 17011KT 9999 SCT140 SCT250 26/10 Q1015
NOSIG= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SPIM 091800 23006KT 9000 SCT270 25/19 Q1012 NOSIG= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SVMI 091800 29009KT 9999 SCT016 31/24 Q1010 NOSIG= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SLLP 091700 12010KT 080V170 9999 SCT020 13/04 Q1039= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SLVR 091700 VRB03KT 9999 SCT020 31/20 Q1014=&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;TAF&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; –
Terminal Aerodrome Forecast – Previsão Terminal de Aeródromo, confeccionada a
cada 6 horas por um CMA-1. As previsões para os aeródromos internacionais tem
validade de 24 horas e os domésticos 12 horas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ex.: TAF SBGR 271000Z 271212 18010KT 2000 BR
SCT020 BKN070 TX26/19Z TN22/06Z TEMPO 1518 12008G25KT TS SCT030CB BECMG
1820&amp;nbsp; 13008KT RA OVC030=&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;DECODIFICAÇÃO:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;TAF&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; –
identificador do código.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBGR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; – indicador de localidade – Aeródromo de Guarulhos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;271000Z&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; – data e hora de confecção da previsão. Dia 27 às 1000 UTC.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;271212&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; – validade da previsão – identifica o dia, a hora de início e a
hora do final da validade da previsão. Dia 12 UTC do dia 27 às 12 UTC do dia
28.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;18010KT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; – indica o vento previsto – vento&amp;nbsp;
de 180º com 10 nós.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; – indica a visibilidade horizontal prevista – 2000 metros de
visibilidade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;BR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; –
indica o tempo presente previsto – névoa úmida.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SCT020 BKN070&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; – indica o grupo de nebulosidade prevista – nuvens esparsas com
base a 2.000 pés e nublado a 7.000 pés.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;TX26/19Z TN22/06Z&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; – temperaturas máxima e mínima previstas e respectivos horários –
temperatura de 26ºC prevista para as 1900 UTC do dia 27 e temperatura de 22ºC
prevista para as 0600UTC do dia 28.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;TEMPO 1518&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; – Previsão de mudança temporária entre 15 e 18 UTC, com as
seguintes condições: 12008G25KT TS SCT030CB e mudança gradual (BECMG) com a
permanência posterior entre 18 e&amp;nbsp; 20UTC:
13008KT RA OVC030=&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Outras abreviaturas – FM (From) – a partir de
determinado horário e PROB – probabilidade de 30 ou 40% de ocorrer a mudança em
um período de tempo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;TAF DAS 1800Z – Nacionais&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Mensagens
do dia 09 de abril de 2004 – TAF das 18h00&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBGR
091800-101800 12005KT 9999 FEW020 BECMG 2022 SCT015 BECMG 0204 8000 NSC PROB30
0711 3500 BR BKN010 BECMG 1214 9999 SCT035 TN18/09Z TX27/17Z= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBSP
091800-101800 15005KT 9999 SCT015 BECMG 1921 18005KT 8000 FEW017 BECMG 2301
15005KT FEW013 BECMG 0305 00000KT SKC PROB30 0810 4000 BR BKN008 BECMG 1113
FEW020 BECMG 1517 18005KT 9999 SCT030 TN19/09Z TX27/17Z= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBST
091800-100600 17005KT 9999 SCT030 BECMG 2301 8000 SKC TX28/19Z TN22/06Z= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBSJ 091800-101800 17005KT 9999 FEW020 BECMG 0103
FEW014 BECMG 0507 4000 BR NSC BECMG 1113 8000 NSW FEW020 TN19/09Z TX28/17Z= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBDN 091800-100600 12008KT 9999 FEW030 PROB40 TEMPO
1923 5000 TSRA BKN030 FEW035CB TX33/18Z TN23/06Z= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SBRP 091800-101800 00000KT 9999 SCT035 BECMG 2022
15005KT 9999 FEW035 BECMG 0103 CAVOK BECMG 0608 8000 SKC BECMG 1113 9999 FEW035
BECMG 1517 SCT035 TX32/19Z TN19/09Z=&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h5&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;
&lt;h5&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;
&lt;h5&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;TAF DAS 1800Z – INTERNACIONAIS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Mensagens do dia 09 de abril de 2004 –
18h00&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SAEZ
091800-101800 09012KT 999 NSC PROB30 TEMPO02201 11008KT 9000 -VCRA SCT030
BKN070 BECMG 0812 09005KT 7000 BR NSC FM1300 05008KT CAVOK= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SUMU
091800-101800 14015G25KT 9999 BKN015 PROB30 TEMPO 1823 8000 RADZ BKN010 OVC060
BECMG 2200 16020KT 9999 SCT010 BKN017= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SACO
091200-101200 18010KT 2000 BRDZ OVC005 PROB40 TEMPO 1214 1500 TSRA OVC006
FEW040CB BECMG 1416 14010KT 8000 RADZ SCT008 OVC020= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SGAS
091800-101800 12003KT 9999 FEW040 BECMG 0003 12010KT 9999 SCT027 BKN080 BECMG
0912 14012KT 9999 BKN033 OVC070 ISOLCB PROB40 TEMPO 1417 22015KT 3000 TSRA
BKN017 FEW040CB OVC070 TX34/19Z TN22/09Z= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SVMI 091800-101800 VRB08KT 9999 FEW016 TEMPO 2002
SCT016 FM02 00000KT 9999 FEW016 = &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SPIM 091200-101200 20003KT 6000 SCT010 SCT100 TX25/19Z
TN19/11Z PROB30 TEMPO 1214 29005KT 3500 BR BKN010 SCT100 BECMG 1416 24005KT
9000 FEW013 SCT100 FM16 CAVOK TEMPO 1824 21012KT CAVOK= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SLVR 091800-101800 VRB03KT 9999 SCT017 SCT200 BECMG
2301 22005KT NSC TX31/20Z TN18/11Z= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SLLP 091800-101800 12010KT 9999 FEW020 TEMPO 1922
FEW023CB BECMG 2201 NSC TX15/19Z TN02/11Z= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SAME 091800-101800 14005KT 9999 OVC020 PROB40 8000 DZ=
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SLCB 091800-101800 14008KT 9999 FEW033 SCT080 PROB30
FEW036CB BECMG 0002 00000KT NSC TX29/19Z TN11/10Z= &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SCEL 091800-101200 21012KT 7000 SCT150 TX27/19Z TEMPO
1800 SCT060 BKN130 BECMG 0002 VRB03KT TN11/10Z=&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;GAMET&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;–
Previsão de fenômenos significativos que deverão ocorrer entre o solo e o FL
100 ou FL150 (em regiões montanhosas), dentro de uma FIR ou subárea, confeccionada
por um CMA-1 e com validade de 6 horas, principiando às 00, 06, 12 e 18Z.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoHeading9&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;EX.:&amp;nbsp; SBRE GAMET VALID 200600/201200 RECIFE FIR&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoHeading9&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; SFC WSPD 08/10 25KT&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; SFC VIS 06/08 N OF 18DEG S 2000M&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CLD 06/08 OVC 800FT N OF 12 DEG S&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;TURB MOD FL090&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; SIGMET APLICABLE: 2 e 4&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(Previsão FIR Recife das 0600Z às 1200Z do dia 20; vento de
superfície entre 0800Z e 1000Z de 25kt; visibilidade de 2000 m entre 0600Z e
0800Z ao norte da latitude 18º Sul; entre 0600Z e 0800Z, céu encoberto a 800 FT
ao norte da latitude 12º Sul; turbulência moderada no FL090; SIGMET nºs 2 e 4 –
aplicáveis à FIR).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SIGMET&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;i&gt;– Mensagem em linguagem abreviada, expedida por um Centro Meteorológico
de Vigilância (CMV), sobre fenômenos observados ou previstos em rota que possam
afetar as aeronaves em vôo acima do FL100. Para vôos transônicos ou
supersônicos a mensagem é denominada SIGMET SST.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;EX.: SBCW SIGMET 3 VALID 171230/171630 SBCT
CURITIBA FIR SEV TURB FCST FL250 NC=&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(SIGMET nº 3 válido para o dia 17 entre 1230UTC
e 1630UTC emitido pelo CMV Curitiba prevendo turbulência severa no FL250 para a
FIR Curitiba).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;AIRMET&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;i&gt;– Mensagem semelhante ao SIGMET, expedida por um &lt;b&gt;CMV&lt;/b&gt;, voltada para aeronaves em níveis baixos (até o FL100).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;EX.:
SBRE AIRMET1 VALID 201400/201800 SBRF RECIFE FIR MOD TURB OBS AT1350 FL090 NC=&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(AIRMET expedido pelo CMV Recife, valido entre
1400Z e 1800Z, alertando sobre turbulência moderada observada às 1350Z no
FL090, na FIR Recife).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;AVISO DE AERÓDROMO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;i&gt;– Mensagem confeccionada por uma &lt;b&gt;CMA-1&lt;/b&gt; que informa sobre fenômenos
meteorológicos que podem afetar aeronaves no solo e/ou instalações e serviços
nos aeródromos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;EX.: AVISO DE AERODROMO VALIDO 121600/121800
PREVISTO VENTO FORTE/RAJADA SUPERFÍCIE 31020/45KT PARA SBSP/SBMT/SBGR=&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;AVISO DE GRADIENTE DO VENTO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;i&gt;– Mensagem elaborada por um &lt;b&gt;CMA-1&lt;/b&gt; sobre variações significativas de
vento (direção e/ou velocidade) que possam afetar as aeronaves em trajetória de
aproximação, entre o nível da pista e uma altura de 500 metros, assim como
aeronaves na pista durante o pouso e a decolagem.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;EX.:
WS WRNG VALID 201400/201800 SBKP SFC WIND 30010KT WIND AT 60M 36025KT IN APCH =&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(Mensagem alertando sobre variação significativa
entre o vento de superfície e o vento a 60 m de altura para o Aeródromo de
Viracopos – Campinas).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;4. CARTAS
METEOROLÓGICAS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;CARTAS SIGWX &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Cartas confeccionadas pelo &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; CNMA (Centro Nacional de Meteorologia Aeronáutica) de
Brasília, com antecedência de 24 horas, com as condições de tempo e áreas de
nebulosidade previstas desde a superfície até o nível 630, divididas em 4
níveis – SUP/100, FL100/FL250, FL250/FL450 e FL450/FL630 (vôos supersônicos). A
validade das cartas é de 6 horas, sendo que na legenda aparece o horário médio
da carta. Ex.: Carta das 1800UTC tem validade entre 15 e 21 UTC.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  o:title=&quot;siginf18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;503&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1033&quot; width=&quot;604&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 12.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Figura 8 – Carta SIGWX da América do Sul do dia 09 de abril
de 2004 – 18h00 UTC&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 12.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Fonte: http://www.redemet.aer.mil.br&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 12.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 12.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Obs.: Abreviaturas utilizadas nas Cartas
SIGWX: CAT – Turbulência em ar claro; embd – envolto, embutido; fl – nível de
vôo; few – poucos (as); fog – nevoeiro; frq – freqüente; haze – névoa seca; isol
– isolado; mist – névoa úmida; over – sobre; btn – entre; rain – chuva; shwrs –
pancadas; sct – esparsas; stnry – estacionário; tshwrs – trovoadas com
pancadas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;CARTAS WIND ALOFT PROG&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Cartas de previsão de vento e temperatura em
altitude, elaboradas pelo CNMA a cada 12 horas, com antecedência de 24 horas,
para os FL 050, FL100, FL180, FL240, FL300, FL340, FL390, FL450 e FL530.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;A validade das cartas é de 12 horas, sendo que na
legenda aparece o horário médio da carta. Ex.: Carta das 0000UTC tem validade entre
18 UTC de um dia até as 06 UTC do dia seguinte.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
 id=&quot;_x0000_i1034&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&#39;width:453pt;height:306pt&#39;
 fillcolor=&quot;window&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image022.jpg&quot;
  o:title=&quot;vnt301224&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;408&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1034&quot; width=&quot;604&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 12.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Figura 9&amp;nbsp; – Carta
WIND ALOFT PROG do dia 09 de abril de 2004 – 12h00 UTC – FL300&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 12.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Fonte: http://www.redemet.aer.mil.br&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;5. FENÔMENOS
METEOROLÓGICOS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;HIDROMETEOROS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Fenômenos meteorológicos formados pela agregação de moléculas de vapor
d´água em torno de núcleos de condensação ou higroscópicos (sal marinho,
fuligem, pólens, poeira, areia) através dos processos de condensação ou
sublimação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
DEPOSITADOS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Orvalho – condensação de
vapor d´água sobre superfície mais fria.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Geada – sublimação do vapor
com temperatura por volta de 0°C&amp;nbsp; – &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot;&gt;
Em princípio as geadas não causam grandes danos à
aeronavegabilidade e podem se formar tanto no solo quanto em vôo,
depositando-se em fina camada, aderindo aos bordos de ataque, pára-brisa e
janelas dos aviões. Quando a aeronave desce de uma camada superesfriada para
uma camada úmida e mais quente, poderá haver a formação de um gelo leve, macio
e pouco aderente, que pode ser removido pelos métodos tradicionais, porém o
gelo pode reduzir momentaneamente a visibilidade do piloto devido a sublimação
no pára-brisa, devendo esse gelo ser removido com o uso dos próprios
limpadores. As geadas ocorrem também em superfície, particularmente em noites
claras de inverno, devido à perda radiativa, em ondas longas, do calor do solo
para o espaço.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Escarcha – sublimação do
vapor d´água em superfícies verticais como árvores.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
SUSPENSOS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;NUVENS – &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;fenômenos meteorológicos formados a partir da condensação ou sublimação
do vapor d’água na atmosfera.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Conjunto, ou aglomerado de partículas de água, líquidas e/ou sólidas,
em suspensão na atmosfera.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
 id=&quot;_x0000_i1035&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&#39;width:390pt;height:273.75pt&#39;
 fillcolor=&quot;window&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image024.jpg&quot;
  o:title=&quot;Esquema de nuvens&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;365&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1035&quot; width=&quot;520&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Figura 10 –
Esquema de gêneros de nuvens conforme a altura&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Fonte: Cabral e Romão
(2000)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Formação: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Alta umidade relativa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Núcleos higroscópios ou de condensação (sal, pólens, fuligem, material
particulado)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Processo de condensação/sublimação&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;As nuvens denotam a condição de estabilidade ou instabilidade da
atmosfera, de acordo com sua aparência e forma.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Conforme o aspecto físico, as nuvens podem ser, em linhas gerais: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Estratiformes – aspecto de desenvolvimento horizontal e pouco
desenvolvimento vertical; podem ocasionar chuva leve e contínua (ex.: As);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Cumuliformes – possui grande desenvolvimento vertical; denota uma
atmosfera mais turbulenta (ex.: Cu e Cb);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Cirriformes – origina-se de fortes ventos em altitude; são formados por
cristais de gelo (ex.: Ci)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.5pt; mso-border-color-alt: green; mso-border-insideh: .75pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: cell-none; mso-border-left-alt: .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: .75pt; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 175;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; page-break-inside: avoid;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background: silver; border-bottom: 1.5pt; border-color: green; border-left: 1.0pt; border-right: 1.0pt; border-style: solid; border-top: 1.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.5pt; mso-border-color-alt: green; mso-border-left-alt: .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: .75pt; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: 1.5pt; mso-pattern: solid silver; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 478.4pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;638&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
ESTÁGIOS DE
  FORMAÇÃO DAS NUVENS*&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: silver; border-bottom: solid green 1.5pt; border-left: solid green 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid green 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-pattern: solid silver; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 149.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;199&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;ESTÁGIO
  ALTO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;(acima de
  8 km)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: silver; border-bottom: solid green 1.5pt; border: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-pattern: solid silver; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 158.7pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;212&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Cirrus
  (Ci)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Cirrocumulus
  (Cc)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Cirrostratus
  (Cs)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: silver; border-bottom: solid green 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid green 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid green 1.5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-pattern: solid silver; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 6.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;227&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Cristais
  de gelo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: solid green 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 black; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 149.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;199&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;ESTÁGIO MÉDIO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;(de 2 a 8 km)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 black; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 158.7pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;212&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Nimbostratus (Ns)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Altostratus (As)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Altocumulus (Ac)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid green 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 black; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 6.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;227&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Cristais de gelo e gotículas d’água&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #FFFFDD; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: solid green 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-25 yellow; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 149.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;199&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;ESTÁGIO
  BAIXO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;(de 100
  pés a 2 km)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #FFFFDD; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-25 yellow; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 158.7pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;212&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Stratocumulus (Sc)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Stratus (St)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #FFFFDD; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid green 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-25 yellow; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 6.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;227&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Gotículas
  d’água&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: solid green 1.5pt; border-left: solid green 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid green 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 black; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 149.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;199&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;GRANDE DESENVOLVIMENTO VERTICAL (base aproximada de 3000 pés até
  topos de até 30 km)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: solid green 1.5pt; border: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 black; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 158.7pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;212&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Cumulus (Cu)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Cumulonimbus (Cb)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: solid green 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid green 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid green 1.5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 black; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 6.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;227&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Gotículas d’água e cristais de gelo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;*Latitudes tropicais&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;ESTÁGIO ALTO &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(a partir de 4 km nos pólos, 7 km nas latitudes temperadas e 8 km nas
latitudes tropicais)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Cirrus – prenunciam o avanço de sistemas frontais e podem estar
associadas à Corrente de Jato (Jet Stream);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Cirrostratus – véu de nuvens formando um halo em torno do sol ou da
lua;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Cirrocumulus - indicam ar turbulento em seus níveis de formação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;ESTÁGIO MÉDIO &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(alturas entre 2 e 8 km)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo27; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Nimbostratus – cinzentas e espessas, podem dar origem à chuva ou neve
leve ou moderada de caráter contínuo;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo27; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Altostratus – véu que normalmente cobre todo o céu e pode gerar chuva
de intensidade leve e caráter contínuo;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo27; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Altocumulus – formadas em faixas ou camadas, associadas ao ar turbulento
de camadas médias, não gerando normalmente precipitação. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;ESTÁGIO BAIXO &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(entre 30 metros e abaixo de 2.000 metros)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo28; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Stratocumulus – nuvens de transição entre St e Cu&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo28; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Stratus – nuvens com as alturas mais baixas e que podem ocasionar
chuvisco, com forte restrição de visibilidade e teto.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;NUVENS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO VERTICAL &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(formam-se próximas do solo e
devido à alta instabilidade atmosférica chegam a altitudes muito elevadas)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo29; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Cumulus – nuvens isoladas e densas, com contornos bem definidos,
denotam turbulência e podem gerar precipitação em forma de pancadas;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo29; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Cumulonimbus – nuvens que geram as trovoadas, pancadas de chuvas e
granizo, fortes rajadas de vento e alta turbulência – os pilotos devem &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;evitá-las&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
 id=&quot;_x0000_i1036&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&#39;width:453pt;height:311.25pt&#39;
 fillcolor=&quot;window&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image026.jpg&quot;
  o:title=&quot;Nuvens&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;415&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1036&quot; width=&quot;604&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Figura 11 –&amp;nbsp; Quadro de nuvens &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Fonte:&amp;nbsp; Torelli, D.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;PROCESSOS DE FORMAÇÃO DAS NUVENS:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;RADIATIVO &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;– principalmente no inverno, com a perda radiativa de energia em
radiação de ondas longas, resfriamento da superfície e formação de nuvens
baixas (St) ou nevoeiros.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;DINÂMICO &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(frontal) – ocorre nas áreas de frentes (frias ou quentes), pela
ascensão do ar na rampa frontal, com o conseqüente&amp;nbsp; resfriamento e condensação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;OROGRÁFICO &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;– devido à presença do relevo, com o ar úmido subindo a elevação, se
resfriando, condensando sob a forma de nuvens à barlavento.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;CONVECTIVO &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;– formado pelas correntes ascendentes devido ao aquecimento basal,
particularmente na primavera e verão. Formam Cumulus e muitas vezes
Cumulonimbus, principalmente nas tardes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Nevoeiro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; – &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;fenômeno
meteorológico resultante da condensação e/ou sublimação do vapor d’água próximo
da superfície e que restringe a visibilidade horizontal a menos de 1.000
metros. É fator de risco com relação às operações aéreas pois pode causar a
restrição operacional de um ou mais aeródromos durante várias horas, principalmente
no outono/inverno no sudeste e sul do Brasil.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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  o:title=&quot;fog&quot;/&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Figura 12 –
Nevoeiro reduzindo a visibilidade horizontal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Fonte: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.meteochile.cl/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;http://www.meteochile.cl &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportNestedAnchors]--&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;&quot; name=&quot;_Hlt68351399&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Formação:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo31; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Alta umidade relativa do ar – próxima de 100%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo31; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Presença de grande quantidade de núcleos higroscópios&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo31; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ventos relativamente fracos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;TIPOS OPERACIONAIS:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Nevoeiro de superfície – ocorre mais próximo da superfície, sem grande
espessura e permite observar o céu, outras nuvens e obstáculos naturais;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Nevoeiro de céu obscurecido – restringe, além da visibilidade
horizontal, também a visibilidade vertical (Ex.: METAR – VV001)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;CLASSIFICAÇÃO DOS NEVOEIROS:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Massas de
Ar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; – formam-se
dentro de uma mesma massa de ar&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Radiação – devido ao resfriamento
da superfície terrestre (outono e inverno)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Advecção – formado pelo
resfriamento do ar como resultado de movimentos do ar horizontais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.75pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list 21.75pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;a)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Vapor – condensação do vapor d’água
devido ao fluxo de ventos frios sobre uma superfície mais quente (lagos,
pântanos)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.75pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list 21.75pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;b)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Marítimo – formam-se com o resfriamento
de ventos quentes e úmidos ao fluírem sobre correntes marítimas frias de mares
e oceanos, provocando a condensação de vapor d’água (mais comum na primavera e
verão);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.75pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list 21.75pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;c)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Brisa – forma-se devido ao fluxo de
ar quente dos oceanos sobre a região costeira mais fria (mais comum no inverno
em latitudes tropicais e temperadas);&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.75pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list 21.75pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;d)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;orográfico ou de encosta – formado
à barlavento das encostas, quando ventos quentes e úmidos sopram em direção às
elevações montanhosas; ocorrem em qualquer época do ano;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 21.75pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list 21.75pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;e)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;glacial – formam-se nas latitudes
polares, pelo processo de sublimação com temperaturas de até –30ºC.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Frontais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; – formam-se nas áreas de transição
entre duas massas de ar de características diferentes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pré- frontal – associadas às
frentes quentes, quando uma massa de ar mais aquecida avança sobre uma massa de
ar mais fria;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pós- frontal – forma-se após a
passagem de frentes frias, após a ocorrência de chuvas a atmosfera fica fria e
úmida possibilitando a formação de nevoeiros.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Névoa
úmida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; – gotas d´água com UR
&amp;gt;= 80% e visibilidade horizontal &amp;gt;= 1000 metros e até 5000 (METAR)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
PRECIPITADOS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Caracterizam-se pelo tipo
(chuva, chuvisco, neve, granizo e saraiva), intensidade (leve, moderada ou
forte) e caráter (intermitente, contínua ou pancadas)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Chuva – gotículas d´água
que caem das nuvens e tem diâmetros &amp;gt;= 0,5 mm&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Chuvisco – gotículas d´água
que precipitam das nuvens baixas (stratus) e podem reduzir significativamente a
visibilidade horizontal – gotículas com diâmetros &amp;lt; 0,5 mm&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Neve – precipitação sob a
forma de flocos de gelo com temperaturas próximas a 0°C – No Brasil existe
pouca ocorrência de neve, somente no sul do país, particularmente no inverno.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Granizo – precipitação sob
a forma de grãos de gelo com diâmetros &amp;lt; 5 mm (provenientes de cumulonimbus)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Saraiva – precipitação de
grãos de gelo &amp;gt;= 5 mm (CB)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;LITOMETEOROS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Fenômenos meteorológicos
que ocorrem com a agregação de partículas sólidas suspensas na atmosfera – UR
&amp;lt; 80 %&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Névoa seca – partículas
sólidas (poluição) que restringem a visibilidade entre 1000 e 5000 metros (METAR)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Poeira – partículas de
terra em suspensão&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Fumaça – partículas
oriundas de queimadas – distingue-se pelo odor.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Obs.:
nas regiões centro-oeste e norte do país, os episódios de névoa seca e fumaça
ocasionados pelas queimadas e devido à baixa umidade do ar levam à reduções
críticas de visibilidade, principalmente no final de inverno e primavera.
Aeródromos situados nessas regiões podem apresentar restrições às operações
aéreas por dias consecutivos. Dados do Departamento de Aviação Civil, relativos
aos últimos 5 anos, mostram 2 acidentes aéreos ocorridos em 2002 associados à
presença de fumaça (Guarantã do Norte – MT e Fazenda Tarumã – PA)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h2&gt;
PSICRÔMETRO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Par de 2 termômetros de
onde se extrai a temperatura do ar, temperatura do bulbo úmido, ponto de
orvalho e umidade relativa do ar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  o:title=&quot;Vargem 2 - Abrigo Meteorológico&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;346&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1038&quot; width=&quot;526&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;Figura 13 – Foto interna
do abrigo meteorológico da Estação Meteorológica de Vargem, SP, pertencente à
SABESP, contendo um psicrômetro, termômetros de máxima e mínima,
higrotermômetro digital, microbarógrafo e higrotermógrafo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Fonte: CABRAL, E.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16pt;&quot;&gt;INSTRUMENTOS
PARA A MENSURAÇÃO DA UMIDADE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
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  o:title=&quot;image007&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;222&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1039&quot; width=&quot;258&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Figura 14 – Higrômetro
analógico, higrotermômetro digital, psicrômetro giratório e psicrômetro fixo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;Fonte:&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iope.com.br/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;http://www.iope.com.br&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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QUADRO COM OS
FENÔMENOS METEOROLÓGICOS PRINCIPAIS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.5pt; mso-border-color-alt: teal; mso-border-insideh: cell-none; mso-border-insidev: cell-none; mso-border-left-alt: .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: .75pt; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 175;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: silver; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: solid teal 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid teal 1.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid teal .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid teal 1.5pt; mso-pattern: solid silver; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 138.2pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;184&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Elemento&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: silver; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid teal 1.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid teal 1.5pt; mso-pattern: solid silver; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 155.9pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;208&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Visibilidade&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: silver; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid teal 1.0pt; border-top: solid teal 1.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid teal .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid teal 1.5pt; mso-pattern: solid silver; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 163.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;217&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 15pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Umidade relativa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
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  &lt;td style=&quot;background: silver; border-left: solid teal 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid teal .75pt; mso-pattern: solid silver; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 138.2pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;184&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Nevoeiro&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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  &lt;td style=&quot;background: silver; border: none; mso-pattern: solid silver; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 155.9pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;208&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&amp;lt; 1.000 metros&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: silver; border-right: solid teal 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid teal .75pt; mso-pattern: solid silver; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 163.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;217&quot;&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;100% ou próxima&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;Névoa úmida&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;Entre 1 e 5 km&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&amp;gt;= 80%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;Névoa seca&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;Entre 1 e 5 km&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&amp;lt; 80%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: solid teal 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid teal .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 138.2pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;184&quot;&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;Fumaça&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&amp;lt;= 5 km&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&amp;lt; 80%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;Poeira&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
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  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&amp;lt;= 5 km&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: silver; border-right: solid teal 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid teal .75pt; mso-pattern: solid silver; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 163.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;217&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&amp;lt; 80%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: solid teal 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid teal .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 138.2pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;184&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Areia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 155.9pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;208&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&amp;lt;= 5 km&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid teal 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid teal .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 163.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;217&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&amp;lt; 80%&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #B2B2B2; border-right: none; border: solid teal 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid teal .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid teal .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid teal .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-30 auto; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 138.2pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;184&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Precipitações&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #B2B2B2; border-bottom: solid teal 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid teal 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid teal .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid teal .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-30 auto; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 155.9pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;208&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Variável; chuvisco com &amp;gt; restrição&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #B2B2B2; border-left: none; border: solid teal 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid teal .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid teal .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid teal .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-30 auto; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 163.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;217&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Alta (~100%)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h1&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;6. TROVOADAS &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
 id=&quot;_x0000_i1040&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&#39;width:353.25pt;height:198.75pt&#39;
 fillcolor=&quot;window&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image032.jpg&quot;
  o:title=&quot;lightning2_noaa&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;265&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1040&quot; width=&quot;471&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Figura 15&amp;nbsp; – Foto de&amp;nbsp;
múltiplos relâmpagos a partir da base de um Cumulonimbus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Fonte: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uol.com.br/&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7t.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7t.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;É o resultado da energia
acumulada nas nuvens Cumulonimbus (CB), que se trata do gênero de nuvens mais
perigoso às operações aéreas, tendo em vista seu alto grau de instabilidade e
os fenômenos associados – turbulência, pancadas de chuva, fortes rajadas de
vento, gelo, granizo, raios e trovões. Ocorre de forma mais efetiva nas regiões
tropicais e principalmente na época do verão. As trovoadas apresentam três
estágios: desenvolvimento (cumulus), maturidade e dissipação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;DESENVOLVIMENTO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ocorre
o predomínio de correntes convectivas ascendentes, com o resfriamento, a
condensação e a formação de nuvens Cumulus; geralmente não ocorre precipitação
neste estágio e a visibilidade é boa;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
 id=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&#39;width:369.75pt;height:262.5pt&#39;
 fillcolor=&quot;window&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image034.jpg&quot;
  o:title=&quot;cumulonimbus&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;350&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; width=&quot;493&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Figura 16 – Foto do desenvolvimento de uma nuvem de trovoada no
estágio Cumulus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Fonte: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uol.com.br/&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7t.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7t.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;MATURIDADE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;: Ocorre com a formação do CB (extensão vertical
até 30 km), com a incidência dos relâmpagos e trovões, se principia a
precipitação em forma de pancadas de chuva ou granizo, as correntes
descendentes geram os ventos de rajada em superfície, ocorre forte turbulência
e é máxima a condição de instabilidade atmosférica. As aeronaves apresentam
sério risco de acidentes neste estágio, com os instrumentos se tornando não
confiáveis devido à forte turbulência (ascendentes e descendentes muito intensas)
e a energia envolvida. Também ocorre a rápida formação de gelo claro, em grande
quantidade, tornando inócuos os sistemas anti-congelantes da aeronave.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
 id=&quot;_x0000_i1041&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&#39;width:262.5pt;height:206.25pt&#39;
 fillcolor=&quot;window&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image035.jpg&quot;
  o:title=&quot;thunderstorm_noaa&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;275&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image035.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1041&quot; width=&quot;350&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Figura 17 – Foto de um
Cumulonimbus na fase de maturidade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Fonte: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uol.com.br/&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7t.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7t.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;DISSIPAÇÃO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;–
neste estágio cessam as correntes ascendentes e predominam as correntes
descendentes, com a diminuição da turbulência, precipitação e dos ventos
associados. A dissipação do CB forma camadas de Sc, Ns e As, gerando o
resfriamento da superfície e torna a atmosfera mais estável.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
Quanto à sua gênese, as trovoadas podem ser de vários tipos:
orográficas, advectivas, convectivas, frontais (dinâmicas).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;TROVOADAS OROGRÁFICAS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;–
formam-se à barlavento das montanhas, formando fortes precipitações e rajadas
de vento.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;TROVOADAS ADVECTIVAS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;–
ocorre mais freqüentemente no inverno sobre os oceanos, com o transporte de ar
frio sobre a superfície de água mais quente, com a absorção de calor e a
formação de instabilidade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;TROVOADAS CONVECTIVAS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(térmicas)
– ligadas ao forte aquecimento da superfície e à formação de correntes
convectivas; ocorrem principalmente no verão sobre os continentes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;TROVOADAS FRONTAIS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(dinâmicas)
– ocorre na região de transição entre duas massas de ar de características
diferentes (frentes); devido ao maior ângulo de inclinação das frentes frias,
as trovoadas neste caso são mais intensas e freqüentes do que nas frentes
quentes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFooter&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;TIPOS DE TROVOADAS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
Existem dois tipos
básicos de trovoadas: um tipo mais comum, freqüentemente descrito como uma
trovoada de massa de ar e uma trovoada severa, que também pode ser denominada
como trovoada de linha de instabilidade. A trovoada severa têm uma intensidade
maior do que uma trovoada de massa de ar, podendo produzir rajadas de ventos de
50 nós ou mais, pedras de granizo de ¾ de polegada ou mais de diâmetro e/ou
fortes tornados.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
Uma trovoada pode
ocorrer de forma &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;unicelular&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;multicelular&lt;/span&gt; ou &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;supercelular&lt;/span&gt;. Uma célula única dura menos de uma hora, enquanto
que uma supercélula de trovoada severa&amp;nbsp;
pode durar duas horas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
Uma tempestade &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;multicelular&lt;/span&gt; é um compacto aglomerado de trovoadas. É composta
geralmente de células de trovoadas de massa de ar em diferentes estágios de
desenvolvimento; a interação dessas células fazem com que a duração do
aglomerado dure bem mais do que a célula individual.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
Enquanto a trovoada &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;multicelular&lt;/span&gt; só ocasionalmente produz tempo severo, a trovoada
de &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;supercélula&lt;/span&gt; quase sempre produz uma ou mais condições
convectivas extremas: fortes rajadas de vento horizontais, granizo de grandes
dimensões e/ou tornados. A supercélula ocorre principalmente nas médias
latitudes, mas predomina na época de primavera no sul das Grandes Planícies dos
EUA.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;TORNADOS &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;– &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Os tornados são violentas colunas de ar em forma
de funil formados na base das nuvens Cumulonimbus.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText3&quot;&gt;
O Prof. T. Fujita, da
Universidade de Chicago, desenvolveu uma escala de intensidade de tornados
levando em consideração os danos causados e a velocidade dos ventos, conforme
tabela a seguir.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid green 1.5pt; mso-border-insideh: cell-none; mso-border-insidev: cell-none; mso-border-top-alt: solid green 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 175;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; page-break-inside: avoid;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid green 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid green 1.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid green 1.5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Escala&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid green 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid green 1.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid green 1.5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Categoria&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid green 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid green 1.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid green 1.5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Nós&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid green 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid green 1.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid green 1.5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 184.2pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;246&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Expectativa
  de danos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 1; page-break-inside: avoid;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;F0&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Fraca&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;35-62&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 184.2pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;246&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Leve:
  galhos de árvores quebrados&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 2; page-break-inside: avoid;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;F1&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;63-97&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 184.2pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;246&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Moderado:
  árvores partem-se, janelas se quebram&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 3; page-break-inside: avoid;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;F2&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Forte&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;98-136&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 184.2pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;246&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Consideráveis:
  estruturas mais fracas são destruídas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 4; page-break-inside: avoid;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;F3&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;137-179&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 184.2pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;246&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Severa:
  carros são virados, paredes são removidas das edificações&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 5; page-break-inside: avoid;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;F4&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;violenta&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;180-226&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 184.2pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;246&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Devastadora:
  estruturas de casas são destruídas &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; page-break-inside: avoid;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid green 1.5pt; border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;F5&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid green 1.5pt; border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid green 1.5pt; border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 92.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;227-276&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid green 1.5pt; border: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 184.2pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;246&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Incríveis:
  estruturas do tamanho de veículos são arrastadas a mais de 300 pés,
  estruturas reforçadas de ferros são altamente danificadas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Fonte: Lester, P.F., 1997, p. 9-17&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText2&quot;&gt;
Figura 18. Mapa com a localização e anos de ocorrência de
tornados e trombas d’água ocorridos no Brasil.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1042&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;
 style=&#39;width:303.75pt;height:273.75pt&#39; fillcolor=&quot;window&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image036.gif&quot;
  o:title=&quot;mapa%20tornado2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;365&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.gif&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1042&quot; width=&quot;405&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Fonte: Nechet, D. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ventonw.cjb.net/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;http://www.ventonw.cjb.net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Figura 19. Foto de uma tromba d’água ocorrida em São Francisco do
Sul (SC) em 1996.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
 id=&quot;_x0000_i1043&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&#39;width:226.5pt;height:278.25pt&#39;
 fillcolor=&quot;window&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image037.jpg&quot;
  o:title=&quot;fenom-tornado&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;371&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1043&quot; width=&quot;302&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Figuras 20 a 23. Fotos de uma tromba d’água ocorrida no litoral do
Rio de Janeiro, próximo a uma plataforma da Petrobrás.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1044&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;
 style=&#39;width:255pt;height:191.25pt&#39; fillcolor=&quot;window&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image039.jpg&quot;
  o:title=&quot;tromba1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;255&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image040.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1044&quot; width=&quot;340&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1045&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;
 style=&#39;width:273pt;height:205.5pt&#39; fillcolor=&quot;window&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image041.jpg&quot;
  o:title=&quot;tromba2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;274&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image042.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1045&quot; width=&quot;364&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1026&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;
 style=&#39;width:276.75pt;height:207.75pt&#39; fillcolor=&quot;window&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image043.jpg&quot;
  o:title=&quot;tromba3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;277&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image044.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1026&quot; width=&quot;369&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1046&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;
 style=&#39;width:282pt;height:212.25pt&#39; fillcolor=&quot;window&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image045.jpg&quot;
  o:title=&quot;tromba4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;283&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image046.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1046&quot; width=&quot;376&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;7. TURBULÊNCIA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
TURBULÊNCIA – &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Irregularidades
na circulação atmosférica que afetam aeronaves em vôo, provocando solavancos
bruscos em suas estruturas. É uma das principais causas de acidentes aéreos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 10.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;TIPOS DE TURBULÊNCIA, SEGUNDO SUA GÊNESE:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 10.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;A) TURBULÊNCIA TERMAL OU CONVECTIVA – &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Associada às correntes térmicas sobre os
continentes (principalmente durante as tardes de verão) ou oceanos (durante as
noites). As nuvens cumuliformes são indicadores da existência desse tipo de
turbulência.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 10.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;B) TURBULÊNCIA OROGRÁFICA – &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;surge do atrito do ar ao soprar contra elevações
montanhosas; um indício de sua presença são as nuvens lenticulares (forma de
amêndoas) nas cristas das elevações e nuvens rotoras à sotavento. À barlavento
as aeronaves devem encontrar aumento de altitude (ganho de sustentação) e à
sotavento perda de altitude, devendo aumentar a potência de seus reatores e
sair da área de ondas orográficas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;C) TURBULÊNCIA MECÂNICA OU DE SOLO – &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;provocada pelo atrito do ar ao soprar contra
edificações e outros obstáculos artificiais. Afetam particularmente os
helicópteros e aviões pequenos, que voam a baixa altura e também nos
procedimentos de pouso e decolagem de aeródromos situados em áreas urbanas
(ex.: Campo de Marte e Congonhas).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 10.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;D) TURBULÊNCIA DINÂMICA:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;D.1) TURBULÊNCIA FRONTAL – &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;turbulência surgida com a presença de sistema
frontal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;D.2) TURBULÊNCIA EM AR CLARO (CAT) – &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;turbulência que surge sem nenhuma indicação
visual, sob céu claro; geralmente está associada à Corrente de Jato (Jet
Stream), com velocidades acima de 50 kt e de até 300 kt em altitudes acima de
20.000 ft; as cartas SIGWX dos FL250 /450 mostram as áreas previstas de CAT e
JET STREAM. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;D.3) TURBULÊNCIA DE CORTANTE DE VENTO (WIND
SHEAR) – &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;surge
da variação na direção e/ou velocidade do vento em baixa altura (até 2.000 ft
ou 600 m são mais perigosos), provocando o ganho ou perda de sustentação da
aeronave e colocando em sério risco os vôos, principalmente nos procedimentos
de pouso e decolagem. O gradiente de vento é reportado pelos pilotos das
aeronaves que encontraram o fenômeno e o OBM registra a WS no final dos
boletins METAR e SPECI; o previsor expede um aviso de gradiente de vento
denominado WS WARNING.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;D.4) ESTEIRA DE TURBULÊNCIA (WAKE)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;–
surge nas trajetórias de pouso e decolagem, principalmente de aeronaves de
grande porte, quando são formados vórtices a partir de hélices, turbinas ou
pontas de asas; as aeronaves que se encontrarem atrás daquelas que geraram a
esteira devem ter uma distância adequada para não sofrerem acidentes sérios
(ex.: aeronave pequena deve ter separação de 6 milhas de uma aeronave
considerada pesada – B747).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
 id=&quot;_x0000_i1047&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&#39;width:238.5pt;height:195.75pt&#39;
 fillcolor=&quot;window&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image047.jpg&quot;
  o:title=&quot;WAKE 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;261&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image048.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1047&quot; width=&quot;318&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;Figura 24 – Esteira de turbulência de uma
pequena aeronave&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 70.8pt; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Fonte: Cabral e Romão,
1999.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
 id=&quot;_x0000_i1048&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&#39;width:228.75pt;height:97.5pt&#39;
 fillcolor=&quot;window&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image049.gif&quot;
  o:title=&quot;Heli WAKE&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;130&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image049.gif&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1048&quot; width=&quot;305&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;Figura 25 – Esteira de turbulência de um
helicóptero&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Fonte:
Cabral, 2001&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;TABELA
DE INTENSIDADE DE WS (WIND SHEAR)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 10.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;A intensidade de WS em aviação é classificada
conforme a variação do vento em uma determinada distância.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid navy .75pt; mso-border-insideh: .75pt solid navy; mso-border-insidev: .75pt solid navy; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 175;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: navy; border: solid navy 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid navy .75pt; mso-pattern: solid navy; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 131.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;175&quot;&gt;
  &lt;h2 align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;INTENSIDADE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: navy; border-left: none; border: solid navy 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid navy .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid navy .75pt; mso-pattern: solid navy; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 317.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;424&quot;&gt;
  &lt;h2 align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;VARIAÇÃO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid navy 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid navy .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid navy .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 131.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;175&quot;&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;
&lt;i&gt;LEVE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid navy 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid navy 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid navy .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid navy .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid navy .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 317.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;424&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;0 a 2 m/s em 30m
  (100 pés) – 0 a 4 kt em 30m&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid navy 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid navy .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid navy .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 131.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;175&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;MODERADA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid navy 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid navy 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid navy .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid navy .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid navy .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 317.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;424&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;2,6 a 4,1 m/s em
  30 m – 5 a 8 kt em 30 m&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid navy 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid navy .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid navy .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 131.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;175&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;FORTE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid navy 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid navy 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid navy .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid navy .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid navy .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 317.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;424&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;4,6 a 6,2 m/s em
  30 m – 9 a 12 kt em 30 m&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid navy 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid navy .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid navy .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 131.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;175&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SEVERA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid navy 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid navy 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid navy .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid navy .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid navy .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 317.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;424&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;acima de 6,2 m/s
  em 30 m – mais de 12 kt em 30 m&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Obs.:
Eventos mais intensos&amp;nbsp; estão associados à
fortes correntes descendentes (downburst) que, ao atingirem o solo, espalham-se
horizontalmente (outburst) podendo atingir até 100 km de distância em relação
ao ponto de toque da corrente descendente no solo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot;&gt;
TABELA DE INTENSIDADE DE TURBULÊNCIA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: .75pt; mso-border-color-alt: black; mso-border-insideh: cell-none; mso-border-insidev: .75pt solid black; mso-border-left-alt: 1.5pt; mso-border-right-alt: 1.5pt; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 175;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; page-break-inside: avoid;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #FFFFCA; border-left: solid black 1.5pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-pattern: gray-30 yellow; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 116.9pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;156&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;INTENSIDADE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #FFFFCA; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.5pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-pattern: gray-30 yellow; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 331.9pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;443&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;IDENTIFICAÇÃO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 1; page-break-inside: avoid;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: none; border-left: solid black 1.5pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 116.9pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;156&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot;&gt;
LEVE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid black 1.5pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 331.9pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;443&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;A aeronave sofre
  acelerações verticais inferiores a 2 m/s, porém não sofre alterações
  significativas em sua altitude.&amp;nbsp; A
  tripulação sente a necessidade de utilizar cinto de segurança, mas os objetos
  continuam em repouso. O serviço de bordo pode prosseguir normalmente.
  Encontra-se pouco ou nenhuma dificuldade ao se caminhar pelo corredor da
  aeronave.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 2; page-break-inside: avoid;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: none; border-left: solid black 1.5pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 116.9pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;156&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot;&gt;
MODERADA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid black 1.5pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 331.9pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;443&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;A aeronave sofre
  acelerações verticais entre 2 m/s e 5 m/s, podendo sofrer mudança de
  altitude, porém continua sob controle. É necessário o uso do cinto de
  segurança. Os objetos soltos podem se deslocar e encontra-se dificuldade para
  executar o serviço de bordo ou se deslocar pelo corredor da aeronave.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 3; page-break-inside: avoid;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: none; border-left: solid black 1.5pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 116.9pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;156&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot;&gt;
FORTE &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-right: solid black 1.5pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 331.9pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;443&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;A aeronave sofre
  acelerações verticais entre 5 m/s e 8 m/s, sofrendo bruscas mudanças de
  altitude. Pode-se, momentaneamente, perder o controle da aeronave. Os objetos
  soltos são fortemente lançados de um lado para o outro e os instrumentos a
  bordo vibram de modo intenso, criando sérias dificuldades para o piloto.
  Passageiros podem entrar em pânico devido aos movimentos violentos da
  aeronave. O serviço de bordo e o caminhar pelo corredor da aeronave se tornam
  impraticáveis.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; page-break-inside: avoid;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: solid black 1.5pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 116.9pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;156&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot;&gt;
SEVERA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.5pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black 1.5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 331.9pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;443&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;A aeronave sofre
  acelerações verticais superiores a 8 m/s. Em tal situação é impossível o
  controle da aeronave e, devido à forte trepidação, podem ocorrer danos à sua
  estrutura.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE TURBULÊNCIA E
GRADIENTE DE VENTO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 10.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;A ocorrência dos dois fenômenos está extremamente
associada, diferenciando-se basicamente na ordem de grandeza de escala,
relativa ao tamanho da aeronave e sua velocidade. A escala do gradiente de
vento (WS) é maior que a da turbulência. O gradiente do vento altera a
velocidade da aeronave e, portanto, sua sustentação. A turbulência afeta mais o
controle da aeronave devido à forte trepidação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;8. FORMAÇÃO DE
GELO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;A formação de gelo em aeronaves é fator de risco e causa de
inúmeros acidentes aeronáuticos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;“No dia 27 de dezembro de 1991, um MD-81 teve que fazer um
pouso forçado fora do aeroporto, partindo-se em três pedaços, pouco depois da
decolagem. Quando o avião corria na pista e iniciava a rotação para subir, o
gelo que se tinha formado sobre as asas desprendeu-se e foi ingerido pelas
turbinas, situadas na cauda, que, em conseqüência, pararam.” “O efeito mais devastador
da formação de gelo é a modificação do perfil aerodinâmico da asa. Quando se
forma gelo, o fluxo de ar é alterado e a sustentação é gravemente afetada.
Testes feitos pela FOKKER, no túnel aerodinâmico, mostraram que mesmo uma
camada de gelo fina como uma folha de papel faz a sustentação diminuir em
25%....” (Pessoa, L.T., JT, 14/05/92, p.3 – Caderno de Turismo).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;O gelo afeta a aeronave interna e externamente; dentro da
aeronave o gelo se forma no tubo de pitot, nos carburadores e nas tomadas de ar,
diminuindo a circulação do ar para instrumentos e motores; fora da aeronave, há
o acúmulo de gelo nas superfícies expostas gerando aumento do peso e
resistência ao avanço. Nas partes móveis das aeronaves (rotor e hélices), afeta
seu controle e produz fortes vibrações. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
CONDIÇÕES PARA A FORMAÇÃO DO GELO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;1)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;presença de
gotículas super-resfriadas;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;2)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;temperatura do ar
menor ou igual a 0ºC;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;3)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;superfície da
aeronave menor ou igual a 0ºC.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;4)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;camada da
atmosfera úmida (T – Td &amp;lt;= 6,0ºC)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.5pt; mso-border-color-alt: green; mso-border-insideh: .75pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: cell-none; mso-border-left-alt: .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: .75pt; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 175;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; page-break-inside: avoid;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background: silver; border-bottom: 1.5pt; border-color: green; border-left: 1.0pt; border-right: 1.0pt; border-style: solid; border-top: 1.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.5pt; mso-border-color-alt: green; mso-border-left-alt: .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: .75pt; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: 1.5pt; mso-pattern: solid silver; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 460.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;614&quot;&gt;
  &lt;h6&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;TIPOS DE GELO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h6&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: solid green 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 black; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 173.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;231&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Tipo de gelo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC; border: none; mso-pattern: gray-20 black; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 6.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;227&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Condição da atmosfera&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC; border-right: solid green 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 black; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 116.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;156&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Faixa de temperatura&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #FFFFDD; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: solid green 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-25 yellow; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 173.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;231&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Gelo claro (brilhante, denso e
  translúcido), cristal, liso ou vidrado &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;(mais perigoso
  devido à maior aderência e dificuldade de remoção de grandes gotículas
  superesfriadas)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #FFFFDD; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid green 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-25 yellow; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 6.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;227&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;- atmosfera
  instável ou condicional instável&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #FFFFDD; border-bottom: black; border-left: green; border-right: green; border-style: solid; border-top: black; border-width: 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: black; mso-border-left-alt: green; mso-border-right-alt: green; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: black; mso-border-width-alt: .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-25 yellow; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 116.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;156&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoHeading7&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 42.0pt;&quot;&gt;
Entre 0ºC e&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; –10ºC&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 54.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; page-break-inside: avoid;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: solid green 1.5pt; border-left: solid green 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; height: 54.95pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid green 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 black; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 173.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;231&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Gelo escarcha,
  amorfo ou opaco (granulado, suave e semelhante ao formado no congelador) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: solid green 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; height: 54.95pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 black; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 6.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;227&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;-
  atmosfera instável ou condicional instável&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid green 1.0pt; border-right: solid green 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 54.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid green .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-20 black; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 116.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;156&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Entre
  –10ºC e –20ºC&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; page-break-inside: avoid;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #BFBFBF; border-bottom: solid green 1.5pt; border-left: solid green 1.5pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-pattern: gray-25 auto; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 6.0cm;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;227&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;-
  atmosfera estável ou condicional estável&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background: #BFBFBF; border-bottom: green 1.5pt; border-left: green 1.0pt; border-right: green 1.0pt; border-style: solid; border-top: black 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: green 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: green .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: green .75pt; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: black .75pt; mso-pattern: gray-25 auto; mso-shading: white; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 116.8pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;156&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Entre
  0ºC e –10ºC&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoHeading7&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;NEBULOSIDADE ASSOCIADA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt; – &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;gelo tipo cristal
está vinculado ao ar instável e turbulento estando, portanto, associado às
nuvens cumuliformes (Cu e Cb)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;gelo tipo escarcha
ocorre principalmente em atmosfera estável e sem turbulência, estando associado
à nuvens estratiformes (St, As)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;FORMAÇÃO
DE GEADAS EM AERONAVES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;quando se choca
contra os pára-brisas das aeronaves podem causar grande restrição à
visibilidade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;A geada se forma
quando a aeronave voa durante muito tempo com temperatura abaixo de 0ºC e
depois passa por uma área com temperatura acima de 0ºC contendo água, esta, ao
se chocar com a superfície fria da aeronave, cria uma fina camada de gelo
esbranquiçada, de aparência de neve.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
INTENSIDADE DE FORMAÇÃO DE GELO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;A intensidade de formação é dimensionada conforme
sua razão de acumulação na aeronave. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Formação Leve&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;–
acúmulo lento, não ultrapassando a razão de 1 mm/min; geralmente a evaporação
compensa a acumulação de gelo e, portanto, não há problemas operacionais na
aeronave.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Formação Moderada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;–
acumulação entre 1 e 5 mm/min. Há a diminuição da eficiência das comunicações,
erros nos instrumentos de pressão, pequena vibração e velocidade indicada com
perda de até 15%.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Formação Forte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;–
formação quase instantânea, com grande e rápida (de 5 a 10 mm/min.) acumulação
de gelo sobre a aeronave, ocasionando fortes vibrações nos motores, alteração
nos comandos e velocidade indicada com perda de até 25%. Em poucos minutos pode
haver de 5 a 8 cm de acúmulo de gelo nas aeronaves.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Em situações mais graves, a formação de gelo
pode determinar a imediata mudança de nível de vôo, devido à ineficiência dos
sistemas de combate à sua formação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
EFEITOS DO GELO SOBRE AS AERONAVES &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Diminui
a sustentação;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Aumenta
a resistência ao avanço;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Perda
da eficiência aerodinâmica;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Perda
de potência dos motores;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Restrição
visual;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;6.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Indicações
falsas dos instrumentos etc.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
ÁREAS CRÍTICAS DA AERONAVE EM RELAÇÃO AO GELO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;ASAS – modifica o
perfil aerodinâmico, aumenta a resistência ao avanço e diminui a sustentação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;HÉLICES – reduz o
rendimento e apresenta fortes vibrações.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;TOMADAS DE AR
(TUBO DE PITOT) – afeta o indicador de velocidade vertical (climb), altímetro e
velocímetro.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;CARBURADOR – reduz
o rendimento do motor e sua potência.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;ANTENAS – afeta as
comunicações pois aumenta o diâmetro dos cabos e diminui o isolamento em
relação ao corpo da aeronave. Em situações extremas, o excesso de peso pode
causar a ruptura da antena.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;PÁRA-BRISAS &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;TANQUES DE
COMBUSTÍVEL&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
SISTEMAS ANTIGELO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;São divididos em dois tipos: os anticongelantes (&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;anti-ice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;), que
impedem a formação de gelo e os descongelantes (&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;de-ice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;), que
procuram retirá-lo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SISTEMA MECÂNICO: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Evita o acúmulo de gelo, mas não sua formação.
Atua por meio de capas de borrachas inseridas nos bordos de ataque das asas e
empenagens. Tais capas inflam ar comprimido periodicamente e rompem o gelo
formado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SISTEMA TÉRMICO:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Evita e combate a formação de gelo, aquecendo as
partes mais vulneráveis da aeronave, através de resistências elétricas
incandescentes ou por meio de fluxos de ar aquecido dos motores.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;SISTEMA QUÍMICO:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Geralmente tal sistema é usado de maneira preventiva
nas hélices, pára-brisas e carburadores, a partir de fluidos anticongelantes
constituídos de água e álcool etílico, que tem a capacidade de liqüefazer o
gelo formado ou impedir tal formação.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;DICAS
PARA DIMINUIR OU EVITAR OS EFEITOS DA FORMAÇÃO DE GELO:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;A)&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;Faça a
remoção do gelo que porventura exista sobre a aeronave antes da decolagem;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;B)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Use de
forma correta o sistema antigelo;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;C)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Evite
voar em FL dentro de nuvens com altos índices de precipitação, particularmente
entre as faixas de 0 e –20ºC;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;D)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Emita
mensagem de posição com reporte de formação de gelo em seu FL.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;PRODUTOS DA NOAA (NATIONAL OCEA’NIC AND
ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION) - &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;A NOAA disponibiliza na Internet, produtos
experimentais mostrando áreas de formação de gelo para os EUA em suas imagens
de satélite. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Para a obtenção de tais produtos meteorológicos,
pode-se acessar os seguintes sites: &lt;a href=&quot;http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/arad/fpdt/icg.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/arad/fpdt/icg.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportNestedAnchors]--&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;&quot; name=&quot;_Hlt73369858&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;&quot; name=&quot;_Hlt73370241&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;&quot; name=&quot;_Hlt73369856&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;
e &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/satellite.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/satellite.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportNestedAnchors]--&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;&quot; name=&quot;_Hlt73369839&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt; . &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Além das áreas sombreadas de azul claro,
mostrando a concentração de nuvens com gotículas de água superesfriadas, também
são inseridas as informações dos últimos reportes dos pilotos sobre as imagens,
em amarelo e com a seguinte classificação em relação à formação de gelo: 0 =
nenhuma; 1 = leve; 2 = leve/moderada; 3 = moderada; 4 = moderada/severa e 5 =
severa; as altitudes são plotadas em verde.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
 id=&quot;_x0000_i1049&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&#39;width:418.5pt;height:313.5pt&#39;
 fillcolor=&quot;window&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\richard\AppData\Local\Temp\OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image050.png&quot;
  o:title=&quot;LTSTICG&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;418&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/richard/AppData/Local/Temp/OICE_C28A44FA-CCF1-4FB7-97D7-1930778A3E4E.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image051.jpg&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1049&quot; width=&quot;558&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Figura 26 – Imagem de
satélite meteorológico indicando áreas de formação de gelo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Fonte: &lt;a href=&quot;http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/arad/fpdt/icg.html&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/arad/fpdt/icg.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;Obs.: Deve-se esperar gelo sempre que a aeronave
atravessar nebulosidade ou chuva em camadas próximas ou acima do nível de
congelamento, normalmente entre 6.000 e 20.000 pés. Em CB em formação, pode ser
encontrado gelo severo em alturas ainda mais elevadas. As regiões frontais,
cavados, baixas pressões e sobre elevações montanhosas também são áreas muito
problemáticas em relação à formação de gelo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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