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		<title>Amazing Grace</title>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Jun 2013 18:25:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>barzilaiendan</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[&#160;   nmk slaton 1 month ago I absolutely LOVE Amazing Grace! Today, 04/25/13, the Memorial Service for the 14 fire fighters killed in the fertilizer plant explosion and fire was held in West, Texas. It was the final hymn played &#8230; <a href="http://barzilaiendan.wordpress.com/2013/06/18/amazing-grace/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=barzilaiendan.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1034696&#038;post=12803&#038;subd=barzilaiendan&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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<li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/nmk1955"><img alt="nmk slaton" src="https://gp6.googleusercontent.com/-XIbXZ17NGgQ/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/dKLEpHC5Vlo/s48-c-k/photo.jpg" width="48" /> </a>
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<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/nmk1955">nmk slaton</a> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/comment?lc=nORmKlDi49kYy1aY_LAEyvK-2WiURCvpXSzBe7RTSNw">1 month ago</a></p>
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<p>I absolutely LOVE Amazing Grace! Today, 04/25/13, the Memorial Service for the 14 fire fighters killed in the fertilizer plant explosion and fire was held in West, Texas. It was the final hymn played at the conclusion of the service. The song was played on bagpipes by fire fighters who were in attendance from across the country and Canada. Believe me when I say there was not one dry eye among the 20,000+ in attendance for this memorial service. May these 14 fire fighters Rest in Peace.</p>
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<div>Reply · 15 <img title="" alt="Vote Up" src="http://s.ytimg.com/yts/img/pixel-vfl3z5WfW.gif" /><img title="" alt="Vote Down" src="http://s.ytimg.com/yts/img/pixel-vfl3z5WfW.gif" /></div>
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<li><img title="" alt="" src="http://s.ytimg.com/yts/img/pixel-vfl3z5WfW.gif" /><a href="http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNLPcL3pvNq1CsxxblUHfpw"><img alt="John Vercher" src="https://gp3.googleusercontent.com/-m6QBzuB92uE/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/46BaG7uxiSk/s48-c-k/photo.jpg" width="48" /> </a>
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<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNLPcL3pvNq1CsxxblUHfpw">John Vercher</a> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/comment?lc=nORmKlDi49ls5Tef5rwmqimfTRkJbSciDnaNd-SLhoo">1 month ago</a></p>
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<p>Andre Rieu did amazing grace justice , but the capper of the performance was the scottish pipes &amp; drums.</p>
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		<title>Pentru cei care mai gândesc independent în lumea știnței corecte din pcdv politic !</title>
		<link>http://barzilaiendan.wordpress.com/2013/06/18/pentru-cei-care-mai-gandesc-independent-in-lumea-stintei-corecte-din-pcdv-politic/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Jun 2013 17:51:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>barzilaiendan</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Un glumeț om de ștință a stârnit acum câțiva ani o furtună în lumea oamenilor de știință, publicând un articol în care a parodiat studiile științifice. Lucrarea i-a fost luată în serios doar pentru că a conținut expresii la modă &#8230; <a href="http://barzilaiendan.wordpress.com/2013/06/18/pentru-cei-care-mai-gandesc-independent-in-lumea-stintei-corecte-din-pcdv-politic/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=barzilaiendan.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1034696&#038;post=12879&#038;subd=barzilaiendan&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Un glumeț om de ștință a stârnit acum câțiva ani o furtună în lumea oamenilor de știință, publicând un articol în care a parodiat studiile științifice. Lucrarea i-a fost luată în serios doar pentru că a conținut expresii la modă și concluzii favorabile mișcărilor de stânga din lumea științei. Mulți au avut prilejul unui hohot de râs, dar scandalul Sokal a rămas ca o dovadă că oamenii, așa cum spunea Nicolae Iorga, ,,cred deobicei numai ceea ce vor să creadă“.</p>
<p><em>(preluat de <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+Affair">aici</a>)</em></p>
<h1><strong>Sokal affair</strong></h1>
<p>The <b>Sokal affair</b> (also known as <b>Sokal&#8217;s hoax</b>) was a publishing hoax perpetrated by <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Alan+Sokal">Alan Sokal</a>, a physics professor at New York University. In 1996, Sokal submitted an article to <i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Social+Text">Social Text</a></i>, an academic journal of postmodern <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Cultural+studies">cultural studies</a>. The submission was an experiment to test the magazine&#8217;s intellectual rigor and, specifically, to learn if such a journal would &#8220;publish an article liberally salted with nonsense if it (a) sounded good and (b) flattered the editors&#8217; ideological preconceptions.&#8221;<sup id="cite_ref-experiments_0-0"><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_note-experiments-0">[1]</a></sup></p>
<p>The article &#8220;Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a> of Quantum Gravity&#8221;, published in the <i>Social Text</i> Spring/Summer 1996 &#8220;Science Wars&#8221; issue, proposed that <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Quantum+gravity">quantum gravity</a> is a <span id="more-12879"></span>social and linguistic construct. At that time, the Journal did not practice <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Peer+review">peer review</a> fact-checking and did not submit the article for outside expert review by a physicist.<sup id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_note-1">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MST_2-0"><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_note-MST-2">[3]</a></sup> The journal&#8217;s Editorial Collective did, however, express concerns to Sokal about the piece, and requested changes, which Sokal refused to make. Wishing to include the work of a physicist, the Collective decided to accept the article on the basis of Sokal&#8217;s credentials. On its date of publication (May 1996), Sokal revealed in<i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Lingua+Franca+(magazine)">Lingua Franca</a></i> that the article was a hoax, identifying it as &#8220;a pastiche of Left-wing cant, fawning references, grandiose quotations, and outright nonsense . . . structured around the silliest quotations [by postmodernist academics] he could find about mathematics and physics&#8221;.<sup id="cite_ref-experiments_0-1"><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_note-experiments-0">[1]</a></sup></p>
<p>The resultant academic and public quarrels concerned the <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Scholarly+method">scholarly</a> merit, or lack thereof, of sociologic commentary about the physical sciences; the social disciplines influenced by <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Postmodernism">postmodern</a> philosophy, in general; academic ethics—including whether Sokal was wrong to deceive the editors and readers of <i>Social Text</i>; and whether the journal had exercised the appropriate intellectual rigor before <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Publishing">publishing</a> the pseudoscientific article.</p>
<h2>Background</h2>
<p>In an interview on the <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/National+Public+Radio">NPR</a> program <i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/All+Things+Considered">All Things Considered</a></i>, Sokal said he was inspired to submit the hoax article after reading <i>Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and Its Quarrels With Science</i> (1994), by <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Paul+R.+Gross">Paul R. Gross</a> and <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Norman+Levitt">Norman Levitt</a>. In their book, Gross and Levitt reported an anti-intellectual trend in university liberal arts departments (especially English departments) which had caused them to become dominated by a &#8220;trendy&#8221; branch of post-modernist deconstructionism.</p>
<p><i>Higher Superstition</i> argued that in the 1990s, a group of academics whom the authors referred to collectively as &#8220;the Academic Left&#8221; was dominated by professors who concentrated on <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Racism">racism</a>, <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sexism">sexism</a>, and other perceived prejudices, and that science was eventually included among their targets—later provoking the &#8220;Science Wars&#8221;, which questioned the validity of scientific <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Objectivity+(science)">objectivity</a>. Academic journals in the humanities were publishing articles by writers who, scientists argued, demonstrated little or no knowledge of science. Per the introduction: &#8220;A curious fact about the recent left-critique of science is the degree to which its instigators have overcome their former timidity, of indifference towards the subject, not by studying it in detail, but rather by creating a repertoire of rationalizations for avoiding such study.&#8221;<sup id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_note-3">[4]</a></sup></p>
<p>After analyzing essays from &#8220;the academic Left&#8221;, scientists argued that some of these critical writers were ignorant of the original scientific documents they were criticizing and, therefore, were making a series of nonsensical statements about the nature and intent of science. Gross and Levitt found it especially troubling that academic journals were not judging the intellectual integrity of the scholarship through <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Peer+review">peer review</a> but were merely judging papers according to their political tilt. <i>Higher Superstition</i> reported that for an article to be published in some academic journals, especially those associated with the humanities, it needed only to display &#8220;the proper leftist thought&#8221; and to be written by—or to quote—well-known leftist authors.</p>
<p>Thus, <i>Higher Superstition</i> was an attempt to challenge purportedly uncritical <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Subjectivism">subjectivist</a> thought, the validity of which otherwise went largely uncriticized. Moreover, the book served as an argument from scientists that the Science Wars were primarily fought by non-scientists who were pushing contentious claims about the dubiousness of scientific <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Objectivity+(science)">objectivity</a>.</p>
<h2>The article</h2>
<p>Sokal reasoned that, if the presumption of editorial laziness were correct, the nonsensical content of his article would be irrelevant to whether or not the editors would publish it. What would matter would be <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Ideology">ideologic</a> obsequiousness, fawning references to deconstructionist writers, and sufficient quantities of <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Feminism">feminist</a> and socialist thought.</p>
<p>Sokal wrote &#8220;Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity&#8221;, an article proposing that <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Quantum+gravity">quantum gravity</a> has <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Progressivism">progressive</a> political implications, and that the &#8220;morphogenetic field&#8221; (a <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/New+Age">New Age</a>concept by <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Rupert+Sheldrake">Rupert Sheldrake</a>) could be a cutting-edge theory of quantum gravity. He concluded that, since &#8220;physical reality&#8221; is, at bottom, a social and linguistic construct, a &#8220;liberatory science&#8221; and an &#8220;emancipatory mathematics&#8221;, spurning &#8220;the elite caste canon of &#8216;high science&#8217;&#8221;, must be established for a &#8220;postmodern science [that] provide[s] powerful intellectual support for the progressive political project.&#8221; Moreover, the article&#8217;s footnotes contain obvious (to mathematicians) jokes, such as:</p>
<blockquote><p>Just as liberal feminists are frequently content with a minimal agenda of legal and social equality for women and &#8216;<a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Pro-choice">pro-choice</a>&#8216;, so liberal (and even some socialist) mathematicians are often content to work within the hegemonic Zermelo-Fraenkel framework (which, reflecting its nineteenth-century liberal origins, already incorporates the axiom of equality) supplemented only by the <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Axiom+of+choice">axiom of choice</a>.</p></blockquote>
<p>Sokal submitted the article to <i>Social Text</i>, whose editors were collecting articles for the Science Wars issue. &#8220;Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity&#8221; was the only article submitted by a natural scientist. Later, after Sokal&#8217;s self-exposure of his pseudoscientific <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Hoax">hoax</a> article in the journal <i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Lingua+Franca+(magazine)">Lingua Franca</a></i>, the <i>Social Text</i> editors explained that they had had concerns about the quality of the writing and had requested editorial changes that Sokal refused to make. Nonetheless, despite considering the physicist an exemplar &#8220;difficult, uncooperative author&#8221; and noting that such writers were &#8220;well known to journal editors&#8221;, <i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Social+Text">Social Text</a></i> published &#8220;Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity&#8221; in acknowledgment of the author&#8217;s credentials in the May 1996 Spring/Summer &#8220;Science Wars&#8221; issue.<sup id="cite_ref-MST_2-1"><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_note-MST-2">[3]</a></sup></p>
<h2>The consequences</h2>
<p>In the May 1996 issue of <i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Lingua+Franca+(magazine)">Lingua Franca</a></i>, in the article &#8220;A Physicist Experiments With Cultural Studies&#8221;, Sokal revealed that his &#8220;Transgressing the Boundaries&#8221; was a <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Hoax">hoax</a> and concluded that <i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Social+Text">Social Text</a></i> &#8221;felt comfortable publishing an article on quantum physics without bothering to consult anyone knowledgeable in the subject&#8221; because of its ideological proclivities and editorial bias.<sup id="cite_ref-experiments_0-2"><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_note-experiments-0">[1]</a></sup> In their defense, the <i>Social Text</i> editors said they believed that &#8220;Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity&#8221;, &#8220;was the earnest attempt of a professional scientist to seek some kind of affirmation from postmodern philosophy for developments in his field&#8221; and that &#8220;its status as parody does not alter, substantially, our interest in the piece, itself, as a symptomatic document.&#8221;<sup id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_note-4">[5]</a></sup> Besides criticizing his writing style, the <i>Social Text</i> <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Copy+editing">editors</a> accused Sokal of behaving unethically in deceiving them.</p>
<p>In response, Sokal said that their response illustrated the problem he highlighted. <i>Social Text</i>, as an academic journal, published the article not because it was faithful, true, and accurate to its <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Quantum+gravity">quantum gravity</a> subject, but because an &#8220;Academic Authority&#8221; had written it and because of the appearance of the <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Obscurantism">obscure</a> writing. The editors admitted that was true; they said they considered it poorly written but published it because they felt Sokal was an academic seeking their intellectual affirmation.</p>
<blockquote><p>My goal isn&#8217;t to defend science from the barbarian hordes of <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Literary+criticism">lit crit</a> (we&#8217;ll survive just fine, thank you), but to defend the Left from a trendy segment of itself. . . . There are hundreds of important political and economic issues surrounding science and technology. Sociology of science, at its best, has done much to clarify these issues. But sloppy sociology, like sloppy science, is useless, or even counterproductive.<sup id="cite_ref-MST_2-2"><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_note-MST-2">[3]</a></sup></p></blockquote>
<h3>Intellectual impostures</h3>
<p>In 1997, Sokal and <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Jean+Bricmont">Jean Bricmont</a> co-wrote <i>Impostures Intellectuelles</i> (US: <i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Fashionable+Nonsense">Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals&#8217; Abuse of Science</a></i>, UK: <i>Intellectual Impostures</i>, 1998). The book featured analysis of writing extracts from established <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Intellectual">intellectuals</a> that contained blatant abuses of scientific terminology. It closed with a critical summary of <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Postmodernism">postmodernism</a> and criticism of the <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Strong+programme">Strong programme</a> of <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Social+constructionism">social constructionism</a> in the <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sociology+of+scientific+knowledge">sociology of scientific knowledge</a>.</p>
<h3>Science war commentary</h3>
<p>In spring of 1997, the postmodern philosopher <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Fred+Newman">Fred Newman</a> responded to the Sokal Affair publishing hoax in the paper &#8220;Science Can Do Better than Sokal: A Commentary on the So-Called Science Wars&#8221;, which he presented at the<i>Postmodernism and the Social Sciences</i> conference at the New School for Social Research; Alan Sokal was a participant. Newman calls for the union of science and <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Postmodernism">postmodernism</a>—proposing that postmodernism is not a critique of science, <i>per se</i>, but of the inappropriate application of the scientific paradigm to psychology.</p>
<h3>In context</h3>
<p>Stephen Hilgartner, the <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Cornell+University">Cornell University</a> science and technologies department chairman, wrote &#8220;The Sokal Affair in Context&#8221; (1997)<sup id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_note-5">[6]</a></sup> comparing Sokal&#8217;s hoax to &#8220;Confirmational Response: Bias Among Social Work Journals&#8221; (1990), an article published in <i>Science, Technology, &amp; Human Values</i> that reported an experiment by William M. Epstein.<sup id="cite_ref-6"><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_note-6">[7]</a></sup></p>
<p>Epstein formulated an intellectual-bias hypothesis, tested 146 social work journals, used two versions of the report (one positive, one negative), randomly assigned a version to each journal (74 positive, 72 negative), and performed statistical and qualitative analysis of the results. For not obtaining the informed consent of his experimental subjects, Epstein was accused of unethical behavior and investigated by an academic ethics panel; he encountered great difficulty in being published and received little publicity.</p>
<p>In contrast, &#8220;Sokal&#8217;s Hoax&#8221; was not science, yet had a greater academic and public impact. Hilgartner said that the intellectual impact of the successful Sokal hoax cannot be attributed to its quality as a &#8220;demonstration&#8221; but rather to journalistic hyperbole and the anti-intellectual biases of some American <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Journalism">journalists</a>.</p>
<h3>In public</h3>
<p>The Sokal Affair scandal extended from academia to the public press. The <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Anthropology">anthropologist</a> <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Bruno+Latour">Bruno Latour</a>, criticized in <i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Fashionable+Nonsense">Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals&#8217; Abuse of Science</a></i> (1998), described the scandal as a &#8220;tempest in a tea cup&#8221;. The <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Mathematics">mathematician</a> Gabriel Stolzenberg wrote essays meant to discredit the claims of Sokal and his allies,<sup id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_note-7">[8]</a></sup> arguing that Sokal and allies insufficiently grasped the philosophy they are criticizing, hence, rendering their criticism meaningless. In the <i>Social Studies of Science</i> journal, Bricmont and Sokal responded to Stolzenberg,<sup id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_note-8">[9]</a></sup> denouncing his &#8220;tendentious misrepresentations&#8221; of their work, and criticizing Stolzenberg&#8217;s commentary about the <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Strong+programme">Strong programme</a>. In the same issue, Stolzenberg replied, arguing that their critique and allegations of misrepresentation were based upon misreadings. He advised readers to slowly and skeptically examine the arguments proposed by each party, bearing in mind the dictum that &#8220;the obvious is sometimes the enemy of the true&#8221;.<sup id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_note-9">[10]</a></sup></p>
<h3>Peer review</h3>
<p>In 1996 the magazine did not peer review because the editors believed that an editorial open policy would stimulate more original, less conventional research.<sup id="cite_ref-MST_2-3"><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_note-MST-2">[3]</a></sup> The editors argued that, in that context, Sokal&#8217;s article, &#8220;Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity&#8221;, was a fraudulent betrayal of their trust. Moreover, they further argued that scientific peer review does not necessarily detect intellectual fraud, <i>viz.</i> the later <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Jan+Hendrik+Sch%c3%b6n">Schön scandal</a> (2002), the <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Bogdanov+Affair">Bogdanov Affair</a> (2002), and other instances of published poor science. After the Sokal Hoax, <i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Social+Text">Social Text</a></i> established an article <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Peer+review">peer review</a> process.</p>
<h2>Similar scandals</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/SCIgen">SCIgen</a> program: a paper randomly generated by the <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/SCIgen">SCIgen</a> program was accepted without peer-review for presentation at the 2005 World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (WMSCI). The conference announced the prank of having accepted the article as not <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Peer+review">peer reviewed</a>, despite none of the three assigned peer-reviewers having submitted an opinion about its fidelity, veracity, or accuracy to its subject. The three <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Massachusetts+Institute+of+Technology">MIT</a> graduate students who wrote the hoax article said they were ignorant of the Sokal Affair until after submitting their article.</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Bogdanov+Affair">Bogdanov Affair</a>: about <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Theoretical+physics">theoretical physics</a>, called a reverse-Sokal controversy.</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Jan+Hendrik+Sch%c3%b6n">Jan Hendrik Schön</a>: published 28 fraudulent papers in <i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Nature+(journal)">Nature</a></i>, <i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Science+(journal)">Science</a></i>, and the <i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Physical+Review">Physical Review</a></i>, which were logically consistent with the fabricated data.</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Rosenhan+experiment">Rosenhan experiment</a>: the admission of healthy pseudo-patients to twelve psychiatric hospitals.</li>
<li>The Report from Iron Mountain: a hoax government <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Think+tank">think tank</a> report.</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Project+Alpha">Project Alpha</a>: a hoax by James Randi perpetrated upon a psychic foundation.</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Atlanta+Nights">Atlanta Nights</a>: a hoax, by a group of professional authors, perpetrated upon a <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Vanity+press">vanity press</a>.</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Ern+Malley">The Ern Malley affair</a> - A similar hoax, in which deliberately nonsensical poems were accepted for publication by a popular modernist magazine.</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Disumbrationism">Disumbrationism</a>: a modern art hoax.</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Spectra+(book)">Spectra: A Book of Poetic Experiments</a>: a modernist poetry hoax.</li>
<li>Nat Tate: a 1998 art world hoax, by <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/William+Boyd+(writer)">William Boyd</a>.</li>
</ul>
<h2>See also</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Chomskybot">Chomskybot</a>, a computer program that generates nonsense text resembling the writing of <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Noam+Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>.</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/False+document">False document</a></li>
<li><i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Fashionable+Nonsense">Fashionable Nonsense</a></i> — Sokal and Bricmont demonstrate the misuse of science and mathematics in giving authority to intellectually vacuous postmodern philosophic writings; a chapter explains the Sokal Affair parody-article hoax.</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Fictitious+entry">Fictitious entry</a></li>
<li><i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Journal+of+Irreproducible+Results">Journal of Irreproducible Results</a></i></li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Obscurantism">Obscurantism</a></li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Paradelle">Paradelle</a> — Poet Billy Collins&#8217;s invented poetic form, published with fraudulent &#8220;historical&#8221; footnotes, in the Phi Beta Kappa journal <i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/The+American+Scholar+(magazine)">The American Scholar</a></i>, irking some scholars, and inspiring some poets to assume the <i>paradelle</i> as a poetic form; not all were in on the joke.</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Phronetic+social+science">Phronetic social science</a></li>
<li>&#8220;<a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Politics+and+the+English+Language">Politics and the English Language</a>&#8221; (1946), by <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/George+Orwell">George Orwell</a>, criticizing the use of verbose language in contemporary political British writing.</li>
<li>Postmodernism Generator, a program that automatically produces imitations of postmodernist writing</li>
<li><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/SCIgen">SCIgen</a>, a program that randomly generates nonsense in the form of computer science research papers, including graphs, diagrams, and citations.</li>
<li>snarXiv, a website that generates plausible sounding titles and abstracts of high-energy physics papers</li>
</ul>
<h2>References</h2>
<h3>Notes</h3>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li id="cite_note-experiments-0">^ <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_ref-experiments_0-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_ref-experiments_0-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_ref-experiments_0-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Alan+Sokal">Sokal, Alan</a> (May 1996). <a href="http://www.physics.nyu.edu/faculty/sokal/lingua_franca_v4/lingua_franca_v4.html">&#8220;A Physicist Experiments With Cultural Studies&#8221;</a>. <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Lingua+Franca+(magazine)">Lingua Franca</a>. Retrieved April 3, 2007.</li>
<li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Alan+Sokal">Sokal, Alan</a> (1994-11-28, revised 1995-05-13, published May 1996). <a href="http://www.physics.nyu.edu/faculty/sokal/transgress_v2/transgress_v2_singlefile.html">&#8220;Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity&#8221;</a>. <i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Social+Text">Social Text</a> #46/47 (spring/summer 1996)</i>. <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Duke+University">Duke University</a> Press. pp. 217–252. Retrieved April 3, 2007.</li>
<li id="cite_note-MST-2">^ <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_ref-MST_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_ref-MST_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_ref-MST_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_ref-MST_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> Bruce Robbins; Andrew Ross (July 1996). <a href="http://linguafranca.mirror.theinfo.org/9607/mst.html">&#8220;Mystery science theater&#8221;</a>. <i>Lingua Franca</i>.. Reply by Alan Sokal.</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <i>Higher Supersitition</i>, pg. 6.</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> Andrew Ross , <a href="http://www.math.tohoku.ac.jp/~kuroki/Sokal/sokaltxt/00005.txt">&#8220;A discussion of Jacques Derrida and Deconstruction&#8221;</a>, 24 May 1996</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> Stephen Hilgartner (Autumn 1997). &#8220;The Sokal Affair in Context&#8221;. <i>Science, Technology, &amp; Human Values</i> <b>22</b> (4): 506–522. <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Digital+object+identifier">doi</a>:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F016224399702200404">10.1177/016224399702200404</a>.</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> William M. Epstein (1990). &#8220;Confirmational response bias among social work journals&#8221;. <i><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/w/index.php?title=Science,_Technology,_%26_Human_Values&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Science, Technology, &amp; Human Values</a></i> <b>15</b> (1): 9–38. <a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Digital+object+identifier">doi</a>:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F016224399001500102">10.1177/016224399001500102</a>.</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> Gabriel Stolzenberg, <a href="http://math.bu.edu/people/nk/rr">&#8220;Debunk: Expose as a Sham or False&#8221;</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.physics.nyu.edu/sokal/reply_to_stolzenberg_v2.pdf">&#8220;Reply to Gabriel Stolzenberg&#8221;</a>, <i>Social Studies of Science</i></li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Sokal+affair#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <a href="http://math.bu.edu/people/nk/rr/reply_to_bs.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://math.bu.edu/people/nk/rr/reply_to_bs.pdf</a></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
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		<title>Rugaciunea – 2</title>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Jun 2013 16:08:55 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Rugăciunea este mult mai solicitantă decât munca obișnuită și mult mai obositoare. Scopul ultim al rugăciunii este glorificarea lui Dumnezeu și promovarea Împărăției Lui. Rugăciunea este antidotul fricii pentru că este înrădăcinată în credința că Dumnezeu a biruit, biruiește și &#8230; <a href="http://barzilaiendan.wordpress.com/2013/06/18/rugaciunea-2/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=barzilaiendan.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1034696&#038;post=12933&#038;subd=barzilaiendan&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p lang="ro-RO" style="margin-bottom:0;" align="LEFT">Rugăciunea este mult mai solicitantă decât munca obișnuită și mult mai obositoare.</p>
<p lang="ro-RO" style="margin-bottom:0;" align="LEFT">Scopul ultim al rugăciunii este glorificarea lui Dumnezeu și promovarea Împărăției Lui.</p>
<p lang="ro-RO" style="margin-bottom:0;" align="LEFT">Rugăciunea este antidotul fricii pentru că este înrădăcinată în credința că Dumnezeu a biruit, biruiește și va birui.</p>
<p lang="ro-RO" style="margin-bottom:0;" align="LEFT"><a href="http://barzilaiendan.wordpress.com/2013/06/17/rugaciunea/">Rugăciunea &#8211; 1</a></p>
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		<title>Toate avioanele aflate în zbor</title>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Jun 2013 02:25:35 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Acum poți fi și tu un controlor de zbor. Iată ce a fost pus la dispoziția noastră. Flight radar X- urile reprezintă aeroporturi. Dacă vezi un avion în zbor poţi afla ruta şi tipul lui (cu poză). Dacă dai clic &#8230; <a href="http://barzilaiendan.wordpress.com/2013/06/17/toate-avioanele-aflate-in-zbor/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=barzilaiendan.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1034696&#038;post=12925&#038;subd=barzilaiendan&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Acum poți fi și tu un controlor de zbor. Iată ce a fost pus la dispoziția noastră.</p>
<p><strong>Flight radar</strong></p>
<p>X- urile reprezintă aeroporturi.<br />
Dacă vezi un avion în zbor poţi afla ruta şi tipul lui (cu poză).<br />
Dacă dai clic pe avion iti arata poza mica si date de zbor.Daca dai clic pe poza mica se vede poza mare a avionuluiDaca dai clic pe numarul de zbor afli ruta si datele de zborDai clic pe &#8220;cockpit view&#8221; (tabelul din stinga, jos) si ai vedere din cabina pilotilor (trebuie sa ai instalat Google Earth plug-in pe calculator)</p>
<p><a href="http://www.flightradar24.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#800080;">http://www.flightradar24.com/</span></a></p>
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		<title>Picături de suflet (19)</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Jun 2013 21:34:48 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Ability is what you are capable of doing. Motivation determines what you do. Attitude determines how well you do it &#8211; Lou Holtz Abilitatea este ceea ce ești în stare să faci. Motivarea determină ce vei face mai întâi. Atitudinea &#8230; <a href="http://barzilaiendan.wordpress.com/2013/06/17/picaturi-de-suflet-19/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=barzilaiendan.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1034696&#038;post=12825&#038;subd=barzilaiendan&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ability is what you are capable of doing.<br />
Motivation determines what you do.<br />
Attitude determines how well you do it &#8211; Lou Holtz</p>
<p>Abilitatea este ceea ce ești în stare să faci.<br />
Motivarea determină ce vei face mai întâi.<br />
Atitudinea determină cât de bine o vei face. &#8211; Lou Holtz</p>
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		<title>Cinism veritabil sau humor britanic uscat ?</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Jun 2013 19:39:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>barzilaiendan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articole de interes general]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Mamona este un stapân nemilos!Invidiindu-i în secret, suntem în fond ca ei. Avem însă și o altă alternativă! Trăind la o cu totul altă scară de valori, iată adevărata eliberare! Iată adevărata răzbunare!<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=barzilaiendan.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1034696&#038;post=12919&#038;subd=barzilaiendan&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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<p>Mamona este un stapân nemilos!Invidiindu-i în secret, suntem în fond ca ei. Avem însă și o altă alternativă! Trăind la o cu totul altă scară de valori, iată adevărata eliberare! Iată adevărata răzbunare!</p>
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		<title>Rugaciunea</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Jun 2013 17:52:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>aurelmateescu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articole de interes general]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Când te rogi, diferența semnificativă în viața ta nu va fi în numărul de rugăciuni ascultate ci în calitatea realției tale cu Dumnezeu. Puterea lui Dumnezeu poate schimba circumstanțe și relații. Scepticii pot spune că sunt simple coincidențe, dar cineva &#8230; <a href="http://barzilaiendan.wordpress.com/2013/06/17/rugaciunea/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=barzilaiendan.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1034696&#038;post=12916&#038;subd=barzilaiendan&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p lang="ro-RO" style="margin-bottom:0;" align="LEFT">Când te rogi, diferența semnificativă în viața ta nu va fi în numărul de rugăciuni ascultate ci în calitatea realției tale cu Dumnezeu. Puterea lui Dumnezeu poate schimba circumstanțe și relații.</p>
<p lang="ro-RO" style="margin-bottom:0;" align="LEFT">Scepticii pot spune că sunt simple coincidențe, dar cineva remarca că este uimitor cum astfel de coincidențe se întâmplă exact atunci când cineva se roagă.</p>
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		<title>44. Arhivele regale – Ghedalia – un dregător care nu poate drege</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Jun 2013 09:18:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>barzilaiendan</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[  – 2 Regi 25:22-36; Ier. 40- 44 Motto: Speranța este ultima care moare. Peste cei lăsați în țara evreilor, Nebucadnețar a așezat un dregător, numit Ghedalia: „Şi Nebucadneţar, împăratul Babilonului, a pus pe poporul care mai rămăsese, şi pe &#8230; <a href="http://barzilaiendan.wordpress.com/2013/06/17/44-arhivele-regale-ghedalia-un-dregator-care-nu-poate-drege/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=barzilaiendan.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1034696&#038;post=12861&#038;subd=barzilaiendan&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><b>  – 2 Regi 25:22-36; Ier. 40- 44</b></p>
<p><i>Motto: Speranța este ultima care moare.</i></p>
<p>Peste cei lăsați în țara evreilor, Nebucadnețar a așezat un dregător, numit Ghedalia:</p>
<blockquote><p>„Şi Nebucadneţar, împăratul Babilonului, a pus pe poporul care mai rămăsese, şi pe care-l lăsase în ţara lui Iuda, supt porunca lui Ghedalia, fiul lui Ahicam, fiul lui Şafan“ (2 Regi 25:22).</p></blockquote>
<p>„Ghedalia“ se traduce prin „Mare este Dumnezeu“. El a fost un nepot al lui Șafan, capul unei familii de seamă din Iuda. Cei din casa lui Safan a sprijinit reformele regelui Iosia și s-au purtat cu prietenie față de profetul Ieremia (Ier. 26:24). S-ar prea putea chiar ca un cuvânt spus de Ieremia să-l fi recomandat pe Ghedalia lui Nebucadnețar și așa să se explice promovarea lui neașteptată. Dacă vreți să citiți în amănunt acțiunea mârșavă prin care Ismael (providențial nume) l-a înșelat pe Ghedalia și l-a asasinat o puteți citi în capitolele 40 – 44 din cartea profetului Ieremia.</p>
<blockquote><p>„Când au auzit toate căpeteniile oştilor, ei şi oamenii lor, că împăratul Babilonului a pus dregător pe Ghedalia, s-au dus la Ghedalia la Miţpa, şi anume: Ismael, fiul lui Netania, Iohanan, fiul lui Careab, Seraia, fiul lui Tanhumet, din Netofa, şi Iaazania, fiul lui Maacatitul, ei şi oamenii lor. Ghedalia le-a jurat, lor şi oamenilor lor, şi le-a zis: ,,Să nu vă temeţi de nimic din partea slujitorilor Haldeilor; rămâneţi în ţară, slujiţi împăratului Babilonului, şi veţi duce-o bine.“ Dar în luna a şaptea, Ismael, fiul lui Netania, fiul lui Elişama, din neamul împărătesc, a venit, însoţit de zece oameni, şi au lovit de moarte pe Ghedalia, ca şi pe Iudeii şi Haldeii cari erau cu el la Miţpa“ (2 Regi 25:23-25).</p></blockquote>
<p>Cât despre „căpeteniile oștilor“ care l-au urmat pe Ismael, ei sunt tot aceiași care<br />
l-au părăsit pe Zedechia în câmpia Ierihonului și l-au abandonat bunului plac al lui<span id="more-12861"></span> Nebucadnețar.</p>
<blockquote><p>„Atunci tot poporul, dela cel mai mic până la cel mai mare, şi căpeteniile oştilor, s-au sculat şi au plecat în Egipt, pentru că le era frică de Haldei“ (2 Regi 25:23-26).</p></blockquote>
<p>Această ultimă pățanie a iudeilor arată cât de îndărătnic a fost acest neam și cât de mult a fost înclinat spre neascultare. Ei n-au recunoscut niciodată că pedeapsa venită peste ei a fost din partea lui Dumnezeu și că au binemeritat-o. Porniți mereu să umble de capul lor, iudeii puțini care mai rămăseseră în țară s-au răsculat împotriva rânduielilor așezate de Nebucadnețar și s-au autoalungat prin frică din țară. Finalul este ironic și tragic totodată; evreii s-au întors de bunăvoie în Egipt. Locul de unde-i scosese Dumnezeu cu mână tare din robie …</p>
<p><b>Mesajele lui Ieremia pentru vremea robiei</b></p>
<p>Scrisoarea trimisă de Ieremia către prinșii de război din Babilon a rămas în istorie. În tradiția evreiască, ea este cunoscută drept „strategia lui Dumnezeu pentru evreii din diaspora“ și ar trebui analizată cu atenție de toți cei forțați să „plece de acasă“, fie prin deportare forțată , fie prin plecare de bună voie:</p>
<blockquote><p>,,Aşa vorbeşte Domnul oştirilor, Dumnezeul lui Israel, către toţi prinşii de război, pe cari i-am dus din Ierusalim la Babilon: „Zidiţi case, şi locuiţi-le; sădiţi grădini şi mâncaţi din roadele lor! Luaţi-vă neveste, şi faceţi fii şi fiice; însuraţi-vă fiii, şi măritaţi-vă fetele, să facă fii şi fiice, ca să vă înmulţiţi acolo unde sunteţi, şi să nu vă împuţinaţi. Urmăriţi binele cetăţii, în care v-am dus în robie, şi rugaţi-vă Domnului pentru ea, pentru că fericirea voastră atârnă de fericirea ei!“ (Ier. 29:1-7).</p></blockquote>
<p>De atunci și până astăzi, evreii care nu sunt în Israel au ascultat de aceste sfaturi ale lui Dumnezeu, căutând să devină cei mai buni americani în America, cei mai buni români în România, cei mai buni germani în Germania, cei mai buni brazilieni în Brazilia și așa mai departe. Ca și Daniel și cei trei prieteni ai lui din Babilon, evreii au acceptat să li se schimbe numele, hainele, înfățișarea, obiceiurile, dar au rămas mereu în inimile lor credincioși Dumnezeului care i-a ales și au nădăjduit în împlinirea promisiunilor lor pentru viitor.</p>
<p>Finalul cărții Regi se deosebește de cel al cărții Cronici. Cea din urmă se termină cu vestirea ieșirii din robie, eveniment deja trăit de cititorii ei. Textul este identic cu cel din debutul cărții lui Ezra, făcându-ne să credem că amândouă au același autor:</p>
<blockquote><p>„În cel dintâi an al lui Cir, împăratul Perşilor, ca să se împlinească cuvântul Domnului rostit prin gura lui Ieremia, Domnul a trezit duhul lui Cir, împăratul Perşilor, care a pus să se facă prin viu grai şi prin scris această vestire în toată împărăţia lui: ,,Aşa vorbeşte Cir, împăratul Perşilor: ,,Domnul, Dumnezeul cerurilor, mi-a dat toate împărăţiile pământului, şi mi-a poruncit să-I zidesc o casă la Ierusalim în Iuda. Cine dintre voi este din poporul Lui? Domnul, Dumnezeul lui, să fie cu el, şi să plece!“ (2 Cron. 36:22-23; Ezra 1:1-2).</p></blockquote>
<p><b>Ghedalia, Ismael și Iohanan – un studiu de caz</b></p>
<p>Pentru că acest material este despre personalitățile păstrate de Dumnezeu în arhivele regale, dați-mi voie să-l închei cu un mic studiu de caracter, asupra a trei oameni care au marcat soarta finală a evreilor din regatul lui Iuda. Cei trei au fost Ghedalia, Ismael și Iohanan. Circumstanțele de atunci și felul în care s-au raportat ei la ele, ne pun în față o lecție importantă: fiecare dintre noi vedem lumea nu așa cum este ea, ci așa cum suntem noi, prin ochelarii propriei noastre personalități. Să-i luam pe rând:</p>
<p><b>Ghedalia a fosu un om bun, dar naiv.</b> El a crezut că toată lumea înțelege situația țării ca și el și nu și-a putut închipui că are dușmani. Intențiile sale bune n-au fost apreciate însă de toți și el n-a văzut aceasta:</p>
<blockquote><p>„Iohanan, fiul lui Careah, şi toate căpeteniile oştilor cari mai erau pe câmp, au venit la Ghedalia, la Miţpa, şi i-au zis: ,,Ştii că Baalis, împăratul Amoniţilor, a însărcinat pe Ismael, fiul lui Netania, să te omoare?“ Dar Ghedalia, fiul lui Ahicam, nu i-a crezut. Şi Iohanan, fiul lui Careah, a spus în taină lui Ghedalia, la Miţpa: ,,Dă-mi voie să mă duc să omor pe Ismael, fiul lui Netania. Nimeni n-are să ştie. Pentru ce să te omoare el, şi să se risipească toţi cei din Iuda, cari s-au strâns la tine, şi să piară rămăşiţa lui Iuda?“ Ghedalia, fiul lui Ahicam, a răspuns lui Iohanan, fiul lui Careah: ,,Nu face lucrul acesta: căci ce spui tu despre Ismael, nu este adevărat!“ (Ier. 40:13-16).</p></blockquote>
<p><b>Ismael, dușmanul lui Ghedalia, a fost un  trădător compromis</b> cu amoniții și n-a putut crede că Ghedalia ar fi putut fi sincer și cu evreii rămași în țară și cu haldeii care-i erau în preajmă. Duplicitar în sine, Ismael, care era de altfel din casa regală (2 Regi 25:25: Ier. 41:1) s-a aliat cu dușmanii poporului sfânt, amoniții, și l-a asasinat pe Ghedalia:</p>
<blockquote><p>„În luna a şaptea, Ismael, fiul lui Netania, fiul lui Elişama, din neamul împăratului, a venit cu mai marii împăratului şi cu zece oameni la Ghedalia, fiul lui Ahicam, la Miţpa. Şi au mâncat împreună acolo, la Miţpa. Atunci Ismael, fiul lui Netania, s-a sculat cu cei zece oameni de cari era însoţit, şi au lovit cu sabia pe Ghedalia, fiul lui Ahicam, fiul lui Şafan, şi au omorât astfel pe acela, pe care îl pusese împăratul Babilonului dregător peste ţară. Ismael a mai omorât pe toţi Iudeii, cari erau cu Ghedalia la Miţpa, şi pe Haldeii, cari se aflau acolo, oameni de război“ (Ier. 41:1-3).</p></blockquote>
<p><b>Iohanan, este prototipul oamenilor înfrânți, care nu mai cred nimic și nu se mai încred în nimeni.</b> Bănuitor din fire, el a văzut foarte repede dincolo de aparenta înțelegere, amenințarea pe care o reprezenta Ismael pentru Ghedalia. Neîncrezător în Dumnezeu, el n-a vrut să citească bunăvoința divină în recolta deosebită pe care le-o dăruise în anul acela:</p>
<blockquote><p>„Şi toţi Iudeii aceştia, s-au întors din toate locurile, pe unde erau împrăştiaţi, au venit în ţara lui Iuda la Ghedalia, la Miţpa, şi au avut un mare belşug de vin şi de poame de vară“ (Ier. 40:12).</p></blockquote>
<p>Când, după ce tot poporul dezgustat de Ismael i s-a alăturat în țară (Ier. 41:11-18), Iohanan a devenit căpetenia lor de fapt, dacă nu de drept. Pornit să plece în Egipt, departe de răzbunarea haldeilor pentru că Ismael îl asasinase pe Ghedalia, Iohanan se face că vrea să cunoască voia Domnului și vine să stea de vorbă cu Ieremia „la hanul lui Chimham, lângă Betleem (Ier. 41:17). Întrebarea lui pare sinceră, dar nu este. De aceea Dumnezeu îi răspunde doar după zece zile, iar atunci când o face prin Ieremia, Dumnezeu dă pe față ipocrizia acestui om care pozează într-un credincios, dar este total lipsit de credință:</p>
<blockquote><p>„Rămăşiţe ale lui Iuda, Domnul vă zice: „Nu vă duceţi în Egipt!“ „Băgaţi bine de seamă că vă opresc lucrul acesta astăzi. Căci vă înşelaţi singuri, dacă m-aţi trimes la Domnul, Dumnezeul vostru, zicând: „Mijloceşte pentru noi la Domnul, Dumnezeul nostru, fă-ne cunoscut tot ce va spune Domnul, Dumnezeul nostru, şi vom face!“ Eu v-am spus astăzi; dar voi n-ascultaţi glasul Domnului, Dumnezeului vostru, nici tot ce m-a însărcinat El să vă spun. De aceea să ştiţi că veţi muri de sabie, de foamete sau de ciumă, în locul unde voiţi să vă duceţi să locuiţi!“ (Ier. 42:19-22).</p></blockquote>
<p>Observația lui Dumnezeu a fost corectă. Iohanan nu mai credea în nimic:</p>
<blockquote><p>„Când a isprăvit Ieremia de spus întregului popor toate cuvintele Domnului, Dumnezeului lor, toate cuvintele pe cari-l însărcinase Domnul, Dumnzeul lor, să le spună, Azaria, fiul lui Hosea, Iohanan, fiul lui Careah, şi toţi oamenii aceia îngâmfaţi, au zis lui Ieremia: ,,Minţi! Nu Domnul, Dumnezeul nostru, te-a însărcinat să ne spui: „Nu vă duceţi în Egipt ca să locuiţi acolo pentru o vreme!“ Ci Baruc, fiul lui Neriia, te aţâţă împotriva noastră, ca să ne dai în mâinile Haldeilor, să ne omoare sau să ne ducă robi la Babilon!“ Astfel, Iohanan, fiul lui Careah, toate căpeteniile oştilor, şi tot poporul, n-au ascultat de glasul Domnului, care le poruncea să rămână în ţara lui Iuda … Au plecat dar în ţara Egiptului, &#8211; căci n-au ascultat de porunca Domnului, &#8211; şi au ajuns până la Tahpanes“ (Ier. 43:1-4, 7).</p></blockquote>
<p>Prin Iohanan, evreii au pierdut și ultima posesiune pe care o mai aveau și care-i făcea distincți de celelalte popoare: credința în Iehova. Ajunși în Egipt, evreii conduși de Iohanan au devenit foarte repede idolatri (Ier. 44:1-6), iar când Dumnezeu i-a mustrat prin gura profetului, evreii și-au dat apostazia pe față:</p>
<blockquote><p>„Toţi bărbaţii, cari ştiau că nevestele lor aduceau tămâie altor dumnezei, toate femeile cari se aflau acolo în mare număr, şi tot poporul care locuia în ţara Egiptului, la Patros, au răspuns aşa lui Ieremia: ,,Nu te vom asculta în nimic din cele ce ne-ai spus în Numele Domnului. Ci voim să facem cum am spus cu gura noastră, şi anume: să aducem tămâie împărătesei cerului, şi să-i turnăm jertfe de băutură, cum am făcut, noi şi părinţii noştri, împăraţii noştri şi căpeteniile noastre, în cetăţile lui Iuda şi în uliţele Ierusalimului. Atunci aveam pâine de ne săturam, eram fericiţi, şi nu treceam prin nici o nenorocire! Dar, de când am încetat să aducem tămâie împărătesei cerului, şi să-i turnăm jertfe de băutură, am dus lipsă de toate, şi am fost nimiciţi de sabie şi de foamete&#8230;“ ,,De altfel, când aducem tămâie împărătesei cerului şi-i turnăm jertfe de băutură, oare fără voia bărbaţilor noştri îi pregătim noi turte ca s-o cinstim făcându-i chipul, şi-i aducem jertfe de băutură?“ (Ier. 45:15-19).</p></blockquote>
<p>Concluzia la care au ajuns acești evrei din Egipt este falsă. Ei au legat credința în supranatural de bunăstarea lor materială, fiind gata să-și vândă închinarea oricărui zeu care la va da mai mult. Evreii aceștia au răsturnat interpretarea istoriei susținând că L-au părăsit pe Iehova pentru că acesta nu le-a fost de niciun folos.  Încăpățânați până la capăt, această generația a atras asupra ei o pedeapsă definitivă (Ier. 45:20-27).</p>
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		<title>Cuvântul unui patriot republican</title>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 16 Jun 2013 18:13:47 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Majoritatea creștinilor din America sunt conectați la ,,Fox News Channel“. Iată de ce: în spatele știrilor și comentariilor stă un proprietar cu gândire conservativă. El a primit de curând un premiu, ocazie cu care a ținut și o scurtă cuvântare: &#8230; <a href="http://barzilaiendan.wordpress.com/2013/06/16/cuvantul-unui-patriot-republican/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=barzilaiendan.wordpress.com&#038;blog=1034696&#038;post=12849&#038;subd=barzilaiendan&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Majoritatea creștinilor din America sunt conectați la ,,Fox News Channel“. Iată de ce: în spatele știrilor și comentariilor stă un proprietar cu gândire conservativă. El a primit de curând un premiu, ocazie cu care a ținut și o scurtă cuvântare:</p>
<p><img alt="" src="http://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/sites/twpweb/img/logos/twp_logo_300.gif" /></p>
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<h1>Roger Ailes wows conservatives in accepting Bradley prize</h1>
<h3>By Paul Farhi, Updated: June 13, 2013</h3>
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<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ailes">Roger Ailes</a>, the chairman and architect of the <a href="http://www.foxnews.com/">Fox News Channel</a>, picked up a $250,000 award from a conservative foundation Wednesday night at the Kennedy Center, and served up some red meat to the largely conservative crowd gathered to honor him.</p>
<p>The prize came from the Milwaukee-based <a href="http://www.bradleyfdn.org/">Bradley Foundation</a>, which honored Ailes and three others with its 10th annual Bradley Prize for promoting public policies<span id="more-12849"></span> consistent with the foundation’s conservative mission (the group’s goals include school choice, welfare reform and limited government).</p>
<p>Ailes delighted the full house by slamming President Obama, and liberals in general, in his acceptance speech.</p>
<p>To vigorous applause, he implied that the Obama administration had abandoned its duty to protect American diplomats and personnel during last year’s attacks in Benghazi, Libya. “I’ve come to the conclusion that I don’t even care what the president of the United States was doing that night,” he said. “However, I would like to know what the commander-in-chief was doing that night.”</p>
<p>He also told a shaggy-dog story about the difference between liberals and conservatives.</p>
<p>It seems a liberal in a hot-air balloon is lost and late for an appointment and descends to ask a conservative for directions. The conservative pulls out a GPS device and tells him exactly where he is.</p>
<p>“You must be a conservative,” the balloon man says. The man on the ground asks how he knows that. The reply: “Everything you’ve told me is technically correct, I have no idea what to make of your information, and the fact is, I’m still lost. Frankly, you haven’t been very much help so far.”</p>
<p>The conservative replies that the balloon guy must be a liberal. How does he know? The punch line: “You don’t know where you’re going or where you’ve been, you’ve risen to where you are on hot air, and you made a promise that you have no idea how to keep. Now you expect me to solve your problems. The fact is, you’re in the same place you were before we met and now it’s my fault!”<br />
Turning serious, Ailes offered a spirited critique of multiculturalism:</p>
<p>“We must stop waving our extended arms in an effort to balance ourselves as we tiptoe along the edges of the Constitution in an effort not to upset weak-kneed appeasers with our unflinching belief in the ideas that made our country different and, yes, great,” he said. “Are we losing America to the inevitable onrushing tide of history? No. But we’re in a storm, the mast is broken, the compass is off , and there’s a damn big hole in the boat. We have allowed ourselves to be manipulated by others, many of whom want to impose their culture and laws under the manufactured utopian idea that all all cultures are equal and most of them are better than America….America is a culture, it has a culture, and it must be recognized….We must not allow our collective memory to fade or morph into trendy revisionist versions of political correctness, which become a substitute for the truth.”</p>
<p>It wasn’t exactly clear who or what he was referring to, but the audience ate it up.</p>
<p>The foundation’s other honorees were  former Indiana governor Mitch Daniels (R); Bush administration solicitor general Paul D. Clement; and National Affairs quarterly founding editor Yuval Levin.</p>
<p>Also in attendance: Rep. Paul Ryan (R-Wisc.), former Virginia Gov. Jim Gilmore (R) and a slew of Fox News folk, including Greta van Susteren, Brit Hume, Ed Henry, Bret Baier and Bill Kristol. Washington Post columnist George Will, a former Bradley Prize winner, was the evening’s emcee.</p>
<p>Ailes said that he intended to donate his prize money to a charity for senior citizens (he didn’t name the charity) and that he would match the money with his own contribution.</p>
<p>He also didn’t address a possibly awkward bit of business: Is it appropriate for a man running a news organization that promotes itself as “fair and balanced” to accept a large check from a partisan organization?</p>
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<p id="footer">© The Washington Post Company</p>
<p>&#8220;America needs all of us to leave here tonight, renewed in our spirit and determination to turn this country forward to the future. I won’t say turn it around because yesterday is gone, so we must all focus on defining the themes for the future and lead the people to it.</p>
<p>&#8220;My remarks tonight are my own, and don’t necessarily reflect those of News Corporation, Rupert Murdoch or Fox. I will say, however, that I didn’t give up my citizenship to create and run a news organization. I speak here with the highest authority and title anyone could ever aspire to &#8212; citizen of the United States.</p>
<p>&#8220;We must stop waving our extended arms in an effort to balance ourselves as we tiptoe along the edges of the Constitution, in an effort not to upset weak-kneed appeasers, with our unflinching belief in the ideas and principles that made our country different and yes, great!</p>
<p>&#8220;Are we losing America to the inevitable onrushing tides of history? No. But we are in a storm, the mast is broken, the compass is barely functioning, and there is a big damned hole in the boat!</p>
<p>&#8220;We have allowed ourselves to be manipulated by others, many of whom want to impose their culture and laws under the manufactured utopian idea that all cultures are equal and most are better than America’s. Of course all people should be proud of their heritage. They should teach their children to be proud of their history and traditions.</p>
<p>&#8220;Immigrants will always be welcome here. But America is a culture, too.</p>
<p>&#8220;Back to the hole in the boat: America is losing its historic literacy. Recently some 556 seniors surveyed at 55 of the nation’s top colleges &#8212; only 60 percent placed the American Civil War in the correct half of the 19<sup>th</sup> century. Only 34 percent identified George Washington as the American general at the Battle of Yorktown. Thirty-four percent thought it was Ulysses S. Grant. At 78 percent of the institutions polled, no history whatsoever was required in the undergraduate program. Historian David McCullough said, “We are raising a generation of young Americans who are historically illiterate.”</p>
<p>&#8220;If the hole in the boat is to be fixed, it will require the tenacity and ingenuity of the pioneers. Each of us must understand and teach the journey of liberty and justice. It requires steadfast insistence &#8212; we must not allow our collective memory to fade or morph into trendy revisionist versions of political correctness, which becomes a substitute for truth.</p>
<p>&#8220;Traditional American culture influenced me greatly as I created the Fox News Channel for Rupert Murdoch. We knew that a fair and balanced news channel could succeed, as long as no views were rejected and conservative views were allowed to be heard.</p>
<p>&#8220;The Fox News Channel just finished its 137th<sup> </sup>consecutive month in first place in cable news, almost 12 years. The top 13 programs in cable news are all on the Fox News Channel. One reason is: We cover news but we also cover stories we know others will not. Like the abortion doctor in Philadelphia, who was actually killing babies <i>after</i> they were born. We covered Benghazi when four Americans were killed, even though no other network would touch the story. It’s an important story because it involves two hundred years of our military ethos, which is: If we ask you to go out in the middle of the night and risk your life for America, we promise that we will backstop you. And, try to get you out if it is humanly possible. In Benghazi we did not do that.</p>
<p>&#8220;I have come to the conclusion that even I don’t care what the president of the United States was doing that night. However, I would like to know what the commander in chief was doing that night.</p>
<p>&#8220;A few other hot news topics these days include the IRS. The federal government is about to hire 16,000 more IRS agents to enforce healthcare. Forty-seven new tax increases &#8212; no wonder they need guns. Now we already know the IRS is arrogant. They waste as much money as the other government agencies. They enjoy pushing people around, and they can’t line dance. We don’t need 16,000 more people who can’t line dance! And we don’t need more people with guns, enforcing our healthcare. All right Granny, get your hands up. It’s the last time we’re telling you. Take your Metamucil!</p>
<p>&#8220;Of course, the country’s split politically. Democrats and Republicans can’t get along. And it is hard to figure out if it is ever going to get back together. But I heard a story about a guy who was in a hot air balloon. He was lost and he lowered his altitude. He spotted a man down below and descended a bit more and then called out to him. He said, “Excuse me, can you help me? I promised a friend I’d meet him an hour ago, and I don’t know where I am.” The man on the ground consulted his GPS and replied, “You’re in a hot air balloon approximately 30 feet above ground elevation at 2,346 feet above sea level. You are 31 degrees, 14 minutes north latitude; 100 degrees, 49 minutes west longitude,” and the guy in the balloon said, “You must be a conservative,” and he said, “I am. How did you know that?” He said, well, “Everything you told me is technically correct but I have no idea what to make of your information. The fact is I’m still lost &#8212; and frankly, you haven’t been very much help so far.” The guy on the ground yelled up: “You must be a liberal.” He said, “I am. How did you know that?” He said, “Well, you don’t know where you’re going or where you’ve been, you’ve risen to where you are on hot air. You made a promise which you have no idea how to keep. You expect me to solve your problem. The fact is you’re in the same place you were before we met and now it’s my fault!”</p>
<p>&#8220;Regardless of your political party there are some themes that I believe we should all agree on: Government must reinforce the value of the individual and life. Government must have programs to help individual independence flourish and not reinforce dependency. Votes must not be purchased by corrupt organizations or individuals on false missions of mercy. Freedom cannot be compromised anywhere. Anti-Americanism needs to be answered every place, every time. By every one of us.</p>
<p>&#8220;I mentioned earlier that American culture is unique and must be included in all discussions of culture. It is America that has fed more and freed more people on earth than all the other countries put together. You know how I know this is a great country? Because everybody is trying to get in, and nobody is trying to get out.</p>
<p>&#8220;I have heard complicated treatises on world affairs. I have listened to theories of foreign policy. I have listened to the criticism of the United States. I’ve watched even some Americans systematically try to dismantle the greatest country on earth and yet we are still strong. We’re strong, because of three words I believe, God, country, family.</p>
<p>&#8220;I cannot and will not apologize for any of those and anything that enhances those, I will defend them with my life.</p>
<p>&#8220;Thank you. And God bless you all.&#8221;</p>
<p><i>Roger Ailes serves as the Chairman and CEO of Fox News as well as the Chairman of Fox Television Stations.</i></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Rugă pentru tata</title>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 16 Jun 2013 10:54:08 +0000</pubDate>
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