<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" media="screen" href="/~d/styles/atom10full.xsl"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" media="screen" href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~d/styles/itemcontent.css"?><feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/" xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss" xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0" xmlns:feedburner="http://rssnamespace.org/feedburner/ext/1.0" gd:etag="W/&quot;AkIFQHwzfyp7ImA9WhRUEEo.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259</id><updated>2012-01-20T08:55:11.287-08:00</updated><category term="linux" /><category term="Crisis" /><category term="frases de msn" /><category term="high CPU" /><category term="Altos Executivos" /><category term="Finanças" /><category term="Internet" /><category term="Taxa de Juros" /><category term="Interbrand" /><category term="Dicas" /><category term="CCIE" /><category term="Brands" /><category term="Earthquake" /><category term="Elasticidade" /><category term="Reveillon" /><category term="2010" /><category term="Educação" /><category term="Orange Juice" /><category term="Economia Política" /><category term="Andragogia" /><category term="Apple" /><category term="Gestão" /><category term="Prahalad" /><category term="Estatísticas" /><category term="História Econômica" /><category term="Business" /><category term="Marcas" /><category term="Gestão de Projetos" /><category term="Applemobiledevice" /><category term="Commencement" /><category term="Rasmus Lerdorf" /><category term="Tecnologia" /><category term="RH" /><category term="Php" /><category term="Marketing" /><category term="BSC" /><category term="McCracken" /><category term="PIIGS" /><category term="Demanda" /><category term="crise" /><category term="Selic" /><category term="India" /><category term="Balanced Scored Card" /><category term="Economia" /><category term="degrees" /><title>BELCHIOR PALMA  - GESTÃO FINANCEIRA</title><subtitle type="html">Belchior Palma retrata os principais artigos sobre gestão, economia e finanças.</subtitle><link rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/" /><link rel="next" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false&amp;v=2" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><generator version="7.00" uri="http://www.blogger.com">Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>51</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira" /><feedburner:info uri="belchiorpalma-gestaofinanceira" /><atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="hub" href="http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/" /><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;AkIFQH07eip7ImA9WhRUEEo.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-6543809490332762760</id><published>2012-01-20T08:55:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-20T08:55:11.302-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-20T08:55:11.302-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="high CPU" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Apple" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Applemobiledevice" /><title>Applemobiledevice 100% of CPU</title><content type="html">I have checked numerous forums for a solution to this problem and stumbled across something. I saw a couple of recommendations to disable your firewall and one to reset your winsock catalog, so I diag’d my TCP/IP stack and once I reset it, i could connect to the itunes store (i was getting system hang at “accessing itunes store”) and my cpu utilization for applemobiledevice was restored to normal. do these two commands at a cmd prompt. (you’ll need to “run as admin” in vista and win7)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
netsh winsock reset&lt;br /&gt;
netsh int ip reset c:\logfile.txt&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
and then reboot&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-6543809490332762760?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/ZkIAfygkitc" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/6543809490332762760?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/6543809490332762760?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/ZkIAfygkitc/applemobiledevice-100-of-cpu.html" title="Applemobiledevice 100% of CPU" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2012/01/applemobiledevice-100-of-cpu.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DEcCR3c7eCp7ImA9WhRWGEo.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-8497735566740846289</id><published>2012-01-06T10:54:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-06T10:54:26.900-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-06T10:54:26.900-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Andragogia" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Educação" /><title>Andragogia</title><content type="html">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Andragogia é a arte ou ciência de orientar adultos a aprender, segundo a definição creditada a Malcolm Knowles, na década de 1970. O termo remete a um conceito de educação voltada para o adulto, em contraposição à pedagogia, que se refere à educação de crianças (do grego paidós, criança).&lt;br /&gt;
Para educadores como Pierre Furter (1973), a andragogia é um conceito amplo de educação do ser humano, em qualquer idade. A UNESCO, por sua vez, já utilizou o termo para referir-se à educação continuada.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ciência que estuda as melhores práticas para orientar adultos a aprender. É preciso considerar que a experiência é a fonte mais rica para a aprendizagem de adultos. Estes são motivados a aprender conforme vivenciam necessidades e interesses que a aprendizagem satisfará em sua vida. O modelo andragógico baseia-se nos seguintes princípios.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Necessidade de saber: adultos precisam saber por que precisam aprender algo e qual o ganho que terão no processo.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Autoconceito do aprendiz: adultos são responsáveis por suas decisões e por sua vida, portanto querem ser vistos e tratados pelos outros como capazes de se autodirigir.&lt;br /&gt;
3. Papel das experiências: para o adulto suas experiências são a base de seu aprendizado. As técnicas que aproveitam essa amplitude de diferenças individuais serão mais eficazes.&lt;br /&gt;
4. Prontidão para aprender: o adulto fica disposto a aprender quando a ocasião exige algum tipo de aprendizagem relacionado a situações reais de seu dia-a-dia.&lt;br /&gt;
5. Orientação para aprendizagem: o adulto aprende melhor quando os conceitos apresentados estão contextualizados para alguma aplicação e utilidade.&lt;br /&gt;
6. Motivação: adultos são mais motivados a aprender por valores intrínsecos: autoestima, qualidade de vida, desenvolvimento.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ligações externas&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Andragogia: a aprendizagem nos adultos - LAB SSJ&lt;br /&gt;
Cooperative Education: Andragogy&lt;br /&gt;
BrasilEscola:Andragogia&lt;br /&gt;
Rau-Tu: Andragogia: a aprendizagem nos adultos&lt;br /&gt;
Andragogia&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-8497735566740846289?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/3wZqUlTxuiM" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/8497735566740846289?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/8497735566740846289?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/3wZqUlTxuiM/andragogia.html" title="Andragogia" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2012/01/andragogia.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CUAHR3s6cCp7ImA9WhRQGEw.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-3355971229646756591</id><published>2011-12-13T14:02:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-13T14:02:16.518-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-12-13T14:02:16.518-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="linux" /><title>VI - Como sobreviver</title><content type="html">O vi é um dos editores mais antigos e eficientes que existe, seguem alguns comando úteis para utilização:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    :e arquivo - Abrir arquivo&lt;br /&gt;
    :w - Grava alteração&lt;br /&gt;
    :w arquivo - Grava alteração em "arquivo"&lt;br /&gt;
    :wq - Grava alteração e sai do vi&lt;br /&gt;
    :ce - Alinhamento centralizado&lt;br /&gt;
    :ri - Alinhamento à direita&lt;br /&gt;
    :le - Alinhamento à esquerda&lt;br /&gt;
    :help - Ajuda&lt;br /&gt;
    :new - Abrir nova janela&lt;br /&gt;
    :split - Dividir a janela atual em duas&lt;br /&gt;
    :split arquivo - Abrir arquivo em nova janela&lt;br /&gt;
    :q - Sair do vi&lt;br /&gt;
    :q! - Sair do vi sem gravar&lt;br /&gt;
    :dd - Apaga uma linha&lt;br /&gt;
    :u - Desfaz ultimas alterações no arquivo&lt;br /&gt;
    :! - Executa um comando do shell&lt;br /&gt;
    :r - Carrega outro arquivo após a posição do cursos&lt;br /&gt;
    ctrl + w,k - Ir para janela de cima&lt;br /&gt;
    ctrl + w,j - Ir para janela de baixo&lt;br /&gt;
    [Insert] - Inicia o modo de edição do texto&lt;br /&gt;
    [Esc] - Volta para o modo de comando&lt;br /&gt;
    v, setas do teclado - Marca texto&lt;br /&gt;
    y - Copia texto marcado&lt;br /&gt;
    c - Corta texto marcado&lt;br /&gt;
    p - Cola texto marcado&lt;br /&gt;
    x - Deleta para frente (DEL)&lt;br /&gt;
    shift + x - Deleta para trás (BACKSPACE)&lt;br /&gt;
    / texto - Localiza texto&lt;br /&gt;
    n - Localiza novamente&lt;br /&gt;
    u - Desfazer&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-3355971229646756591?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/2OeY99szcfQ" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/3355971229646756591?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/3355971229646756591?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/2OeY99szcfQ/vi-como-sobreviver.html" title="VI - Como sobreviver" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2011/12/vi-como-sobreviver.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DEABQXo5fSp7ImA9Wx9aGEs.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-29447552951374381</id><published>2011-03-11T10:05:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-03-11T10:05:50.425-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2011-03-11T10:05:50.425-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Earthquake" /><title>Japan Earthquake is Fifth Largest Since 1900</title><content type="html">Friday's 8.9 magnitude earthquake is the fifth largest recorded by the United States Geological Survey since 1900. The U.S.G.S. has a list of the fifteen biggest on its Web site, including:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    1. 1960 -- 9.5 -- Chile&lt;br /&gt;
    2. 1964 -- 9.2 -- Prince William Sound, Alaska&lt;br /&gt;
    3. 2004 -- 9.1 -- Sumatra&lt;br /&gt;
    4. 1952 -- 9.0 -- Kamchatka, Russia&lt;br /&gt;
    5. 2011 -- 8.9 -- Friday in Japan&lt;br /&gt;
    6. 2010 -- 8.8 -- Offshore Maule, Chile&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-29447552951374381?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/tTUAg2E8oX0" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/29447552951374381?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/29447552951374381?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/tTUAg2E8oX0/japan-earthquake-is-fifth-largest-since.html" title="Japan Earthquake is Fifth Largest Since 1900" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2011/03/japan-earthquake-is-fifth-largest-since.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;AkIHSXw4fip7ImA9Wx9RFkw.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-3882552952429186181</id><published>2010-12-17T12:42:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-12-17T12:42:18.236-08:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-12-17T12:42:18.236-08:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Economia" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="História Econômica" /><title>Uma verdadeira aula sobre economia internacional</title><content type="html">&lt;blockquote&gt;A real true history about international economy&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Hans Rosling - See who is Hans Rosling on &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Rosling"&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The most espetacular vídeo that i´ve seen on this year, Hans summarized in some few words how the world is changing, a very exciting lesson about international economy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
O vídeo mais espetacular que eu vi neste ano, Hans resumiu em algumas palavras como o mundo está mudando, uma aula muito interessante sobre economia internacional.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
A Taxa Selic está mantida em 10,75% ao ano, Henrique Meirelles deixa seu legado com uma taxa de juros em ordem, porém com uma inflação acima da meta que era de 4,50%.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O IPCA que é composto por vários indicadores, podemos destacar os que mais subiram: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Alimentos &gt; (2,22%)&lt;br /&gt;
- Carne &gt; (10,67%)&lt;br /&gt;
- Açúcar &gt; (8,57%)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Será que Tombini vai conseguir manter uma taxa básica de juros em baixa? O novo governo tem um grande desafio pela frente, o primeiro é de pelo menos manter as coisas como estão, o segundo é baixar a taxa básica de juros, diminuir o spread bancário, quitar as dívidas do governo e fazer mais investimentos, porém o próprio ministro da fazenda já declarou que as novas obras do PAC seguiram em ritmo mais lento.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
E você o que acha?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-6847189621424954806?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/HYA5lSu2Mw0" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/6847189621424954806?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/6847189621424954806?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/HYA5lSu2Mw0/inflacao-acumulada-525-e-mais-alta.html" title="Inflação acumulada &quot;5,25%&quot; é a mais alta desde o ano de 2005" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/12/inflacao-acumulada-525-e-mais-alta.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;A08MRn06eyp7ImA9Wx5UFU4.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-7122809594744556744</id><published>2010-10-19T18:58:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-10-19T18:58:07.313-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-10-19T18:58:07.313-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Educação" /><title>Changing Education Paradigms</title><content type="html">&lt;object width="640" height="390"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/zDZFcDGpL4U&amp;hl=en_GB&amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;version=3"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/zDZFcDGpL4U&amp;hl=en_GB&amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="640" height="390"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Another inspiring RSA Animate taken from a speech given at the RSA by Sir Ken Robinson, world-renowned education expert and recipient of the RSA Benjamin Franklin award&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-7122809594744556744?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/eBZ6xYrG40A" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/7122809594744556744?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/7122809594744556744?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/eBZ6xYrG40A/changing-education-paradigms.html" title="Changing Education Paradigms" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/10/changing-education-paradigms.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;D0cASXc7cCp7ImA9Wx5WF0s.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-7310064161620183755</id><published>2010-09-29T05:57:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-29T05:57:28.908-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-09-29T05:57:28.908-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Economia" /><title>Experimento Socialista</title><content type="html">Um professor de economia na universidade Texas Tech disse que ele nunca reprovou um só aluno antes, mas tinha, uma vez, reprovado uma classe inteira.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Esta classe em particular tinha insistido que o socialismo realmente funcionava: ninguém seria pobre e ninguém seria rico, tudo seria igualitário e ‘justo’.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O professor então disse: “Ok, vamos fazer um experimento socialista nesta classe. Ao invés de dinheiro, usaremos suas notas nas provas.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Todas as notas seriam concedidas com base na média da classe, e portanto seriam ‘justas’. Isso quis dizer que todos receberiam as mesmas notas, o que significou que ninguém seria reprovado. Isso também quis dizer, claro, que ninguém receberia um “A”…&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Depois que a média das primeiras provas foi tirada, todos receberam “B”. Quem estudou com dedicação ficou indignado, mas os alunos que não se esforçaram ficaram muito felizes com o resultado.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Quando a segunda prova foi aplicada, os preguiçosos estudaram ainda menos - eles esperavam tirar notas boas de qualquer forma. Aqueles que tinham estudado bastante no início resolveram que eles também se aproveitariam do trem da alegria das notas. Portanto, agindo contra suas tendências, eles copiaram os hábitos dos preguiçosos. Como um resultado, a segunda média das provas foi “D”.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ninguém gostou.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Depois da terceira prova, a média geral foi um “F”.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As notas não voltaram a patamares mais altos, mas as desavenças entre os alunos, buscas por culpados e palavrões passaram a fazer parte da atmosfera das aulas daquela classe. A busca por ‘justiça’ dos alunos tinha sido a principal causa das reclamações, inimizades e senso de injustiça que passaram a fazer parte daquela turma. No final das contas, ninguém queria mais estudar para beneficiar o resto da sala.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Portanto, todos os alunos repetiram o ano… para sua total surpresa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O professor explicou que o experimento socialista tinha falhado porque ele foi baseado no menor esforço possível da parte de seus participantes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Preguiça e mágoas foi seu resultado. Sempre haveria fracasso na situação a partir da qual o experimento tinha começado.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“Quando a recompensa é grande”, ele disse, “o esforço pelo sucesso é grande, pelo menos para alguns de nós. Mas quando o governo elimina todas as recompensas ao tirar coisas dos outros sem seu consentimento para dar a outros que não batalharam por elas, então o fracasso é inevitável.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“É impossível levar o pobre à prosperidade através de legislações que punem os ricos pela prosperidade. Cada pessoa que recebe sem trabalhar, outra pessoa deve trabalhar sem receber. O governo não pode dar para alguém aquilo que não tira de outro alguém.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“Quando metade da população entende a ideia de que não precisa trabalhar, pois a outra metade da população irá sustentá-la, e quando esta outra metade entende que não vale mais a pena trabalhar para sustentar a primeira metade, então chegamos ao começo do fim de uma nação.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Autor: Desconhecido&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-7310064161620183755?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/UI_EBaMZT0s" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/7310064161620183755?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/7310064161620183755?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/UI_EBaMZT0s/experimento-socialista.html" title="Experimento Socialista" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/09/experimento-socialista.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CkQARXozeSp7ImA9Wx5QFEs.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-5649091023315101295</id><published>2010-09-02T13:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-02T13:45:44.481-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-09-02T13:45:44.481-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Selic" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Taxa de Juros" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Economia" /><title>Copom mantém os juros em 10,75% ao ano</title><content type="html">&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://s.glbimg.com/jo/g1/f/original/2010/09/01/selic_1_set_1075_62.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://s.glbimg.com/jo/g1/f/original/2010/09/01/selic_1_set_1075_62.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-5649091023315101295?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/SLtdr6Himzw" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/5649091023315101295?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/5649091023315101295?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/SLtdr6Himzw/copom-mantem-os-juros-em-1075-ao-ano.html" title="Copom mantém os juros em 10,75% ao ano" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/09/copom-mantem-os-juros-em-1075-ao-ano.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;C04ARXg6cCp7ImA9Wx5QE0g.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-8154877784425583790</id><published>2010-09-01T07:39:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-01T07:39:04.618-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-09-01T07:39:04.618-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Tecnologia" /><title>Drag and Drop on Wave</title><content type="html">&lt;object height="385" width="640"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/v_UyVmITiYQ&amp;color1=0xb1b1b1&amp;color2=0xd0d0d0&amp;hl=en_US&amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;fs=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/v_UyVmITiYQ&amp;color1=0xb1b1b1&amp;color2=0xd0d0d0&amp;hl=en_US&amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="640" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-8154877784425583790?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/Zjv4gEbTEc0" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/8154877784425583790?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/8154877784425583790?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/Zjv4gEbTEc0/drag-and-drop-on-wave.html" title="Drag and Drop on Wave" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/09/drag-and-drop-on-wave.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DE4CSHYyeCp7ImA9Wx5QE00.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-2335563792432671535</id><published>2010-08-31T19:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-08-31T19:09:29.890-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-08-31T19:09:29.890-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Elasticidade" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Economia" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Demanda" /><title>Como calcular a elasticidade de um produto versus quantidade demandada</title><content type="html">&lt;style&gt;
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&lt;/style&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt;"&gt;(Essas notas têm base em Sullivan e Sheffrin, 2000, Ed. LTC)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt;"&gt;Fonte: http://www.stamford.pro.br/ARQUIVOS/aula6ec1.doc &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 16pt;"&gt;2. O Problema Econômico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;"&gt;ELASTICIDADE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Através das Leis da Oferta e da Procura é possível apontar a direção de uma resposta em relação à mudança de preços – demanda cai quando o preço sobe, oferta aumenta quando o preço sobe, etc.. – mais não informa o quanto mais os consumidores demandarão ou os produtores oferecerão.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;O conceito de elasticidade é usado para medir a reação das pessoas frente a mudanças em variáveis econômicas. Por exemplo, para alguns bens os consumidores reagem bastante quando o preço sobe ou desce e para outros a demanda fica quase inalterada quando o preço sobe ou desce. No primeiro caso se diz que a demanda é elástica e no segundo que ela é inelástica. Do mesmo modo os produtores também têm suas reações e a eferta pode ser elástica ou inelástica.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;A ELASTICIDADE-PREÇO DA DEMANDA (E&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A elasticidade-preço da demanda (E&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;) mede a reação dos consumidores às mudanças no preço.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Essa reação é calculada pela razão entre dois percentuais. A variação percentual na quantidade demandada dividida pela mudança percentual no preço. Ou seja,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; =&lt;u&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; variação percentual na quantidade demandada&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; mudança percentual no preço&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Por exemplo: Digamos que o preço do leite muda de R$ 2,00 para R$ 2,20. Qual a elasticidade-preço da demanda por leite se a quantidade demandada de leite é de 85 mi de litros por ano quando o preço é R$ 2,20 e é de 100 mi de litros por ano quando o preço é R$ 2,00. Então:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A mudança absoluta na quantidade foi de 15 mi de litros (100 – 85) para baixo. Em termos percentuais isso equivale a 15% pois, a quantidade era de 100 mi litros a R$ 2,00 que era o preço inicial. Quando o preço aumentou para R$ 2,20 houve uma queda na quantidade demandada de 15% [100(85 – 100)%/100].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A mudança absoluta no preço foi de R$ 0,20 (2,20 – 2,00) para cima. Em termos percentuais isso equivale a 10% pois, o preço inicial era R$ 2,00 e aumentou para R$ 2,20 houve um aumento de 10% [100(2,20 – 2,00)%/2,00].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;O percentual pode ser calculado por uma regra de três simples:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Se a quantidade era 100 e caiu para 85 a uma queda de 15. Então a regra é se 100 equivale a 100% a quanto equivalerá 15?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="left: 0pt; position: absolute; z-index: 251654656;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;100&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;     ______________ 100%&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; x &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&amp;nbsp; 15&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ______________&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; x %&amp;nbsp;     &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td height="8" width="141"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;O que resulta em 100x = 100*15 &lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;à&lt;/span&gt; x = 1500/100 &lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;à&lt;/span&gt; x=15%&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Da mesma forma o preço: O preço aumentou de 2,00 para 2,20. O aumentou foi de 0,20. Se 2,00 era 100% do preço quanto seria 0,20?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1027"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;2,00&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;     ______________ 100%&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; x &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;0,20&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;     ______________&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; x %&amp;nbsp; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;O que resulta em 2x = 100*0,20 &lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;à&lt;/span&gt; x = 20/2 &lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;à&lt;/span&gt; x=10%&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A elasticidade desta mudança é de E&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; = 15%/10% = 1,5.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;CLASSIFICANDO BENS COM A ELASTICIDADE-PREÇO DA DEMANDA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;1. ELÁSTICOS&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Se a elasticidade-preço do bem for maior que 1,00 diz-se que a demanda por esse bem é elástica. A variação percentual na quantidade excede a variação percentual no preço. Ou seja, os consumidores são bastante sensíveis a variações no preço.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;2. INELÁSTICOS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Se a elasticidade-preço do bem for menor que 1,00 diz-se que a demanda por esse bem é inelástica. A variação percentual na quantidade é menor que a variação percentual no preço. Ou seja, os consumidores são relativamente insensíveis a variações no preço.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;3. ELASTICAMENTE UNITÁRIOS&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Se a elasticidade-preço do bem for igual a 1,00 diz-se que a demanda por esse bem é de elasticidade neutra. A variação percentual na quantidade é igual à variação percentual no preço.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;ELASTICIDADE E BENS SUBSTITUTOS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A elasticidade-preço da demanda para um bem em particular é influenciada pela disponibilidade ou não de bens substitutos. Quanto mais bens substitutos estiverem disponíveis mais elástica é a demanda, se não há bens substitutos a demanda é inelástica.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;OUTROS DETERMINANTES DA ELASTICIDADE&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;1.&lt;span style="font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Tempo&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 35.4pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;Elasticidade de Curto-Prazo e Elasticidade de Longo-Prazo. Quanto mais tempo os consumidores tiverem para procurar substitutos maior será a intensidade de sua reação.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;2.&lt;span style="font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Espaço&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 35.4pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;A elasticidade de um mercado é diferente da elasticidade de uma única firma. A elasticidade do mercado diz quanto a quantidade global mudará se o preço geral mudar mas se uma única empresa muda seu preço a elasticidade é outra.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;3.&lt;span style="font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Participação no Orçamento&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 35.4pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;Se um bem representa pouco do orçamento total do consumidor a reação será menor a variações de preço. Exemplo: aumento de 10% no preço do lápis. Aumentou de R$ 1,00 para R$ 1,10. Poucas pessoas deixaram de comprar lápis por isso. Entretanto, se o bem tem um participação razoável no orçamento então as reações serão maiores. Exemplo: O preço do automóvel subiu 10%. Aumentou de R$ 15.000,00 para R$ 16,500,00. Mais pessoas irão reagir a essa mudança. A demanda será mais elástica.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;4.&lt;span style="font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bens Necessários versos bens supérfluos&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 35.4pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;Para bens essenciais como pão, arroz, feijão, etc a demanda é mais inelástica. Para bens de luxo a demanda é mais elástica. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exemplos de Elasticidades&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: -19.25pt;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.6pt;" valign="top" width="219"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Produto&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.35pt;" valign="top" width="194"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.6pt;" valign="top" width="219"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Sal&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.35pt;" valign="top" width="194"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;0,1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.6pt;" valign="top" width="219"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Água&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.35pt;" valign="top" width="194"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;0,2&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.6pt;" valign="top" width="219"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Café&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.35pt;" valign="top" width="194"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;0,3&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.6pt;" valign="top" width="219"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Cigarros&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.35pt;" valign="top" width="194"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;0,3&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.6pt;" valign="top" width="219"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Calçados&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.35pt;" valign="top" width="194"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;0,7&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.6pt;" valign="top" width="219"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Habitação&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.35pt;" valign="top" width="194"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;1,0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.6pt;" valign="top" width="219"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Automóveis&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.35pt;" valign="top" width="194"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;1,2&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.6pt;" valign="top" width="219"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Refeições em restaurantes&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.35pt;" valign="top" width="194"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;2,3&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.6pt;" valign="top" width="219"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Viagens de Avião&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.35pt;" valign="top" width="194"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;2,4&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.6pt;" valign="top" width="219"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Cinema&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.35pt;" valign="top" width="194"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;3,7&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.6pt;" valign="top" width="219"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Marcas Específicas de Café&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.35pt;" valign="top" width="194"&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: center;"&gt;5,6&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;"&gt;A ELASTICIDADE DE UMA DEMANDA LINEAR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A elasticidade muda a cada ponto. Ela aumenta a medida que os pontos vão se movendo para a esquerda.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"&gt;Em cada local as mudanças absolutas no preço são de 4 unidades (80-76=4; 50-46=4; 20-16 =4) os percentuais de mudança nos preços são de: do ponto r para o s queda de 4 unidades ou 5% (4*100/80); do ponto t para o u queda de 4 unidades ou 8% (4*100/50); do ponto v para o w queda de 4 unidades ou 20% (4*100/20). Essas são as mudanças nos preços.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"&gt;As quantidades variam da seguinte maneira: do ponto r para o s aumento de 2 unidades ou 20% (2*100/10); do ponto t para o u aumento de 2 unidades ou 8% (2*100/25); do ponto v para o w aumento de 2 unidades ou 5% (2*100/40).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As elasticidades em cada mudança são de: E&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; = 4,0 (de r para s); E&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; = 1,0 (de t para u); E&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; = 0,25 (de v para w). Teoricamente a elasticidade de uma reta vai de zero ao infinito.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Z7X80NPdseM/TH2wt-9pmgI/AAAAAAAAABY/hfizp4LwPAk/s1600/demanda.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="260" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Z7X80NPdseM/TH2wt-9pmgI/AAAAAAAAABY/hfizp4LwPAk/s400/demanda.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;"&gt;USANDO A ELASTICIDADE-PREÇO DA DEMANDA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sabendo-se da elasticidade-preço da demanda para um bem se pode quantificar e predizer o quanto mais de um bem será vendido a um preço menor e vice-versa.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;"&gt;Ex:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Suponha que a elasticidade da demanda por filmes num cinema seja de 2,0 quantos ingressos a menos o dono do cinema esperaria vender a um preço mais elevado. Se o dono aumenta em 15% o preço então ela espera uma queda de 30% na quantidade de clientes (E&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;= %quant / %preço ou 2,0 = %quant / 15% ou %quant = 2,0 * 15% = 30%). Se o preço era R$ 5,00 e ele tinha uma demanda diária de 200 espectadores. A R$ 5,75 ele espera ter 140 espectadores (200 – 60 onde 60 é 30% de 200). Ele pode então calcular se vale a pena aumentar os preços. Na situação atual sua receita é de R$ 1.000,00 (5*200) com o aumento sua receita passará a ser R$ 805,00 (5,75*140). Dessa forma, neste caso, não vale a pena aumentar os preços dessa maneira.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Em geral o aumento de preço tem dois efeitos, do ponto de vista do empresário:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;1.&lt;span style="font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Efeito Positivo&lt;/b&gt; de vender a um preço mais alto.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;2.&lt;span style="font: 7pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Efeito Negativo &lt;/b&gt;de vender menos.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A decisão de aumentar ou não dependerá de qual dos efeitos supera o outro.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;A ELASTICIDADE-PREÇO DA OFERTA (E&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A elasticidade-preço da oferta (E&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt;) mede a reação dos vendedores às mudanças no preço.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Essa reação também é calculada pela razão entre dois percentuais. A variação percentual na quantidade ofertada dividida pela mudança percentual no preço. Ou seja,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; =&lt;u&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; variação percentual na quantidade demandada&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; mudança percentual no preço&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Dos determinantes o tempo tem grande importância, pois a elasticidade de curto-prazo será em geral diferente da de longo-prazo. Assim, ao longo do tempo, quando as firmas têm possibilidade de reagir mais intensamente às variações de preço, a curva de oferta irá se tornando cada vez mais elástica.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;"&gt;PREVENDO MUDANÇAS NO PREÇO USANDO ELASTICIDADES&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Quando oferta ou demanda mudam pode-se traçar um diagrama para saber a direção da mudança do preço de equilíbrio. Esse diagrama dirá tudo sobre direções mais quando se deseja&amp;nbsp; saber o quanto o preço mudará faz-se uso das elasticidades.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Sabendo-se as elasticidades de demanda e oferta, a variação nos preços, resultante de um aumento na quantidade demandada será é dada pela divisão do percentual de mudança na demanda pela soma das elasticidades de oferta e demanda:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;Variação no preço =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;u&gt;variação percentual na quantidade demandada&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; E&lt;sub&gt;d &lt;/sub&gt;+ E&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Isso para o preço de equilíbrio.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Equivalentemente pode-se calcular variações devido a mudanças na oferta:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;Variação no preço =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;u&gt;variação percentual na quantidade ofertada&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; E&lt;sub&gt;d &lt;/sub&gt;+ E&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;De um modo geral:&amp;nbsp; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;Variação no preço =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;u&gt;variação percentual na quantidade&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; E&lt;sub&gt;d &lt;/sub&gt;+ E&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;"&gt;OUTRAS ELASTICIDADES DE DEMANDA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt;"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Elasticidade-renda&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
É utilizada para medir a reação dos consumidores a mudanças na renda.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; =&lt;u&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; variação percentual na quantidade demandada&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; mudança percentual na renda&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Para &lt;b&gt;bens normais&lt;/b&gt; há uma relação positiva entre renda e quantidade demandada, logo a elasticidade renda é positiva.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Para &lt;b&gt;bens inferiores&lt;/b&gt; há uma relação negativa entre renda e quantidade demandada, logo a elasticidade renda é negativa.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Diz-se que a demanda é &lt;b&gt;renda-elástica&lt;/b&gt; se a elasticidade-renda é maior que um e &lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;renda-inelástica&lt;/b&gt; se maior que um.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Elasticidade cruzada&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
É utilizada para medir a reação dos consumidores às mudanças de preços de bens afins. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;É definida como a variação percentual na quantidade demandada de um produto em particular (X) dividida pela variação percentual no preço de um bem afim (Y):&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;XY&lt;/sub&gt; =&lt;u&gt;  variação percentual na quantidade demandada de X&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; mudança percentual no preço de Y&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Para &lt;b&gt;bens substitutos&lt;/b&gt; há uma relação positiva entre quantidade demandada do bem e variação de preço do substituto, logo a elasticidade cruzada de bens substitutos é positiva.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Para &lt;b&gt;bens complementares&lt;/b&gt; há uma relação negativa entre quantidade demandada do bem e preço do bem complementar, logo a elasticidade cruzada é negativa.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-2335563792432671535?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/9NEKAZHYM2k" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/2335563792432671535?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/2335563792432671535?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/9NEKAZHYM2k/como-calcular-elasticidade-de-um.html" title="Como calcular a elasticidade de um produto versus quantidade demandada" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Z7X80NPdseM/TH2wt-9pmgI/AAAAAAAAABY/hfizp4LwPAk/s72-c/demanda.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/08/como-calcular-elasticidade-de-um.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;D0QGQ3g9eSp7ImA9Wx5SE08.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-5701933420369309914</id><published>2010-08-08T20:42:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-08-08T20:42:02.661-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-08-08T20:42:02.661-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Economia" /><title>Brasil ganha duas posições e sobe para 38º em ranking mundial de competitividade</title><content type="html">&lt;blockquote&gt;Crescimento da produtividade empresarial e geração de empregos fizeram o Brasil&lt;br /&gt;
saltar duas posições entre os países avaliados pelo IMD em parceria com a FDC&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"&gt;Depois  da turbulência causada pela crise econômica mundial, o Brasil está mais  competitivo: subiu duas posições e este ano é o 38º no Índice de Competitividade Mundial 2010 (&lt;i&gt;World Competitiveness Yearbook&lt;/i&gt;), desenvolvido pelo &lt;i&gt;International Institute for Management Development &lt;/i&gt;(IMD) em parceria com a Fundação Dom Cabral (FDC). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"&gt;O estudo, que analisou 58 países do mundo, mostra que o Brasil ganhou  três posições no pilar “Eficiência dos Negócios”, passando para o 24º  lugar, e se destacou em 8º lugar com o seu PIB estimado em 1,57 trilhões  de dólares. “O Brasil manteve a sua capacidade competitiva, alavancada principalmente  pelos avanços na produtividade empresarial e na geração do emprego  sendo que o país, apesar de ter tido um declínio no crescimento do PIB  em 2009”, diz Carlos Arruda, professor da FDC, responsável pela captação e avaliação dos dados brasileiros.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"&gt;Pela  primeira vez, os Estados Unidos perdem a primeira colocação e está  atrás de Singapura, o novo primeiro colocado, e de Hong Kong. Países  como África do Sul, México e Rússia ficaram atrás do Brasil, que  demonstrou resistência para lidar com a crise, ao contrário dos países  europeus que foram, de modo geral, os que mais perderam posições no  relatório deste ano. No quesito “Eficiência de Governo”, o país se  manteve na 52ª colocação; em “Finanças Públicas” ficou em 29º; e “em  Política Fiscal”, 37º.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"&gt;Na  área de infraestrutura, o Brasil perdeu três posições, voltando para o  49º lugar; na área de saúde, também três posições, ocupando o 40º lugar;  e, na área de educação, duas posições, estando em 53º lugar. “O Brasil  investe pouco em educação básica [cerca de mil dólares por aluno], que  equivale à metade do que países como Argentina, Chile e México investem  ou seis vezes menor se comparado à Comunidade Européia”, completa  Arruda.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"&gt;O  relatório também apontou preocupações com a perda de posições  referentes a retração de multinacionais brasileiras e ao baixo nível de  investimentos estrangeiros no Brasil em 2009. Para o professor da FDC,  “para os próximos anos prevemos ciclos de ganhos de posição da  competitividade brasileira, mas para que este círculo virtuoso se  mantenha é preciso que o Brasil continue ganhando competitividade, é  fundamental que o governo, as empresas e a sociedade sustentem seus  compromissos com o longo prazo, com os investimentos na capacidade  produtiva, na infraestrutura e na educação”. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"&gt;Novidade  do estudo – O estudo trouxe uma novidade para 2010: o “simulador de  estresse da dívida pública” (Debt Stress Test), que calcula os altos  níveis de endividamento das nações e o impacto no desenvolvimento  sustentável desses países. Este indicador aponta quanto tempo levará  para as principais economias saírem da condição de alto devedoras e  alcançarem déficits abaixo de 60% do PIB. O Japão lidera a lista com  previsão de saída da condição de alto devedor em 2084. Outros destaques  são Itália (2060), Portugal (2037), EUA (2033), França (2029), Alemanha  (2028) e Reino Unido (2028). O Brasil com nível de endividamento em 2009  de 62,79% do PIB assim como Argentina, Índia e Noruega são os países  que devem estar abaixo de 60% a partir de 2015.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Sobre o estudo – A classificação do &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Índice de Competitividade Mundial 2010 (&lt;i&gt;World Competitiveness Yearbook)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt; é baseada em pesquisas com 331 indicadores quantitativos e  qualitativos, agrupados em quatro fatores de competitividade –  desenvolvimento econômico, eficiência governamental, eficiência de  negócios e infra-estrutura. Os dados são utilizados como ferramenta para  determinar planos de investimento e tributação local, orientar decisões  políticas dos governantes e compreender o mecanismo da competitividade  em todo o mundo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;Fonte: &lt;a href="http://www.fdc.org.br/Lists/Notcias/DispForm2.aspx?List=ed1f8ef5-3467-449c-9ed5-528e68c59e2a&amp;amp;ID=54&amp;amp;Source=http://www.fdc.org.br/Lists/Notcias/NoticiasPublicadas.aspx"&gt;Fundação Dom Cabral&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;Publicada em: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_g_45a1a9a5_76ca_490d_bf12_81e7e91576f9_ctl01_ctl00_ctl00" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;21/05/2010 07:35&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-5701933420369309914?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/hUIrhkJMNcM" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/5701933420369309914?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/5701933420369309914?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/hUIrhkJMNcM/brasil-ganha-duas-posicoes-e-sobe-para.html" title="Brasil ganha duas posições e sobe para 38º em ranking mundial de competitividade" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/08/brasil-ganha-duas-posicoes-e-sobe-para.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DkINRns6cCp7ImA9Wx5SE08.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-486646077109633402</id><published>2010-08-08T20:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-08-08T20:29:57.518-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-08-08T20:29:57.518-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Brands" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Interbrand" /><title>Creating Value In-Store: Understanding and Profiting from the Differences Between Shoppers and Consumers</title><content type="html">When  consumers feel pain in the pocket book, they react differently inside  the store.  Brands need to focus on the in-store experience.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.interbrand.com/images/papers/28_Creating_Value.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-486646077109633402?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/vgQDcVm_A88" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/486646077109633402?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/486646077109633402?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/vgQDcVm_A88/creating-value-in-store-understanding.html" title="Creating Value In-Store: Understanding and Profiting from the Differences Between Shoppers and Consumers" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/08/creating-value-in-store-understanding.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CUMAQXozeyp7ImA9Wx5SE08.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-4279881548890478785</id><published>2010-08-08T20:10:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-08-08T20:10:40.483-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-08-08T20:10:40.483-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Brands" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Interbrand" /><title>Brand Stimulus Series</title><content type="html">&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl03_lbTitle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;Abaixo uma série de artigos promovidos pela Interbrand para épocas de vacas magras, confira:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.interbrand.com/images/papers/16_IBTO_BrandStimulus_4.pdf"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl03_lbTitle"&gt;Brand Stimulus Series: Part IV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;http://www.interbrand.com/images/papers/16_IBTO_BrandStimulus_4.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Z7X80NPdseM/TF9uA2x4SuI/AAAAAAAAAA4/-ip_oyLmYYg/s1600/stimulus-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Z7X80NPdseM/TF9uA2x4SuI/AAAAAAAAAA4/-ip_oyLmYYg/s320/stimulus-4.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl03_lbDescription"&gt;Getting better information to optimize your marketing mix&lt;/span&gt;                         &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.interbrand.com/images/papers/16_IBTO_BrandStimulus_4.pdf" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl03_lnkBuy" onclick="javascript:urchinTracker('papers/16_IBTO_BrandStimulus_4.pdf');" target="_blank"&gt;Download &lt;/a&gt;                         &lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl03_Label1"&gt; | &lt;/span&gt;                         &lt;a class="admin" href="http://www.interbrand.com/paper.aspx?paperid=58&amp;amp;langid=1000" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl03_lnkBuy2"&gt;Read Online&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.interbrand.com/images/papers/-1_Brand_Stimulus_3.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Brand Stimulus Series: Part III&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;http://www.interbrand.com/images/papers/-1_Brand_Stimulus_3.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Z7X80NPdseM/TF9uJz_shrI/AAAAAAAAABA/j6EsZFAE4HE/s1600/stimulus-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Z7X80NPdseM/TF9uJz_shrI/AAAAAAAAABA/j6EsZFAE4HE/s320/stimulus-3.jpg" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;Discover how your brand can provide employees with a filter for  meaningful decision-making with the customer in mind in Part III of our  Brand Stimulus Series&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.interbrand.com/images/papers/-1_Brand_Stimulus_3.pdf" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl03_lnkBuy" onclick="javascript:urchinTracker('papers/16_IBTO_BrandStimulus_4.pdf');" style="font-weight: normal;" target="_blank"&gt;Download &lt;/a&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl03_Label1" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt; | &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="admin" href="http://www.interbrand.com/paper.aspx?paperid=55&amp;amp;langid=1000" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl03_lnkBuy2" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;Read Online&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;                                                  &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl05_lbTitle"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl05_lbTitle"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl05_lbTitle"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl05_lbTitle"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl05_lbTitle"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.interbrand.com/images/papers/8_Brand_Stimulus_2.pdf"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl05_lbTitle"&gt;Brand Stimulus Series: Part II&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt; http://www.interbrand.com/images/papers/8_Brand_Stimulus_2.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Z7X80NPdseM/TF9uMCR3CjI/AAAAAAAAABI/-PooOJBoccU/s1600/stimulus-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Z7X80NPdseM/TF9uMCR3CjI/AAAAAAAAABI/-PooOJBoccU/s320/stimulus-2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl05_lbDescription"&gt;Find out where you need to cut spending and where you need to invest limited dollars in Part II of our Brand Stimulus Series.&lt;/span&gt;                         &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.interbrand.com/images/papers/8_Brand_Stimulus_2.pdf" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl05_lnkBuy" onclick="javascript:urchinTracker('papers/8_Brand_Stimulus_2.pdf');" target="_blank"&gt;Download &lt;/a&gt;                         &lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl05_Label1"&gt; | &lt;/span&gt;                         &lt;a class="admin" href="http://www.interbrand.com/paper.aspx?paperid=54&amp;amp;langid=1000" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl05_lnkBuy2"&gt;Read Online&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl06_lbTitle"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl06_lbTitle"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl06_lbTitle"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl06_lbTitle"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl06_lbTitle"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl06_lbTitle"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl06_lbTitle"&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl06_lbTitle"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.interbrand.com/images/papers/-1_Brand_Stimulus_1.pdf"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl06_lbTitle"&gt;Brand Stimulus Series: Part I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl06_lbTitle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;http://www.interbrand.com/images/papers/-1_Brand_Stimulus_1.pdf&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Z7X80NPdseM/TF9uOPKUsiI/AAAAAAAAABQ/re6gRb3B2i4/s1600/stimulus-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Z7X80NPdseM/TF9uOPKUsiI/AAAAAAAAABQ/re6gRb3B2i4/s320/stimulus-1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl06_lbDescription"&gt;What do customers value now?  Read Part I of our Brand Stimulus Series. &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.interbrand.com/images/papers/-1_Brand_Stimulus_1.pdf" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl06_lnkBuy" onclick="javascript:urchinTracker('papers/-1_Brand_Stimulus_1.pdf');" target="_blank"&gt;Download &lt;/a&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl06_Label1"&gt; | &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="admin" href="http://www.interbrand.com/paper.aspx?paperid=53&amp;amp;langid=1000" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl06_lnkBuy2"&gt;Read Online&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;                                                  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl06_lbTitle"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-4279881548890478785?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/FE_lRlFiMYA" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/4279881548890478785?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/4279881548890478785?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/FE_lRlFiMYA/brand-stimulus-series.html" title="Brand Stimulus Series" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Z7X80NPdseM/TF9uA2x4SuI/AAAAAAAAAA4/-ip_oyLmYYg/s72-c/stimulus-4.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/08/brand-stimulus-series.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CEYDRH8-fyp7ImA9WxFUFkQ.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-2645961249269790252</id><published>2010-06-27T18:59:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-27T19:29:35.157-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-06-27T19:29:35.157-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Internet" /><title>Is Google Making Us Stupid?</title><content type="html">What the Internet is doing to our brains&lt;br /&gt;
By Nicholas Carr&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Illustration by Guy Billout&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://assets.theatlantic.com/static/coma/images/issues/200807/google.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://assets.theatlantic.com/static/coma/images/issues/200807/google.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;"Dave, stop. Stop, will you? Stop, Dave. Will you stop, Dave?” So the  supercomputer HAL pleads with the implacable astronaut Dave Bowman  in a famous and weirdly poignant scene toward the end of &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0062622/" target="_blank"&gt;Stanley  Kubrick’s  &lt;i&gt;2001: A Space Odyssey&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Bowman, having nearly been sent to a  deep-space death by the malfunctioning machine, is calmly, coldly  disconnecting the memory circuits that control its artificial “ brain.  “Dave, my mind is going,” HAL says, forlornly. “I can feel it. I can  feel it.”&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;Read the full article:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/07/is-google-making-us-stupid/6868/"&gt;http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/07/is-google-making-us-stupid/6868/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.umadicapordia.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/idade-do-cerebro.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="130" src="http://www.umadicapordia.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/idade-do-cerebro.jpg" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h1 class="parseasinTitle"&gt;&lt;span id="btAsinTitle"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;Book: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="btAsinTitle"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/Shallows-What-Internet-Doing-Brains/dp/0393072223"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;The Shallows:  What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="h3color"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;Nicholas Carr (Author)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span id="btAsinTitle"&gt;&lt;span class="h3color"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;In this short but informative, thought-provoking book, Nicholas Carr  presents an argument I've long felt to be true on a humanist level, but  supports it with considerable scientific research. In fact, he speaks as  a longtime computer enthusiast, one who's come to question what he once  wholeheartedly embraced ... and even now, he takes care to distinguish  between the beneficial &amp;amp; detrimental aspects of the Internet. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The argument in question? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Greater access to knowledge is not the same as greater knowledge. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- An ever-increasing plethora of facts &amp;amp; data is not the same as  wisdom. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Breadth of knowledge is not the same as depth of knowledge. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Multitasking is not the same as complexity. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The studies that Carr presents are troubling, to say the least. From  what has been gleaned to date, it's clear that the brain retains a  certain amount of plasticity throughout life -- that is, it can be  reshaped, and the way that we think can be reshaped, for good or for  ill. Thus, if the brain is trained to respond to &amp;amp; take pleasure in  the faster pace of the digital world, it is reshaped to favor that  approach to experiencing the world as a whole. More, it comes to crave  that experience, as the body increasingly craves more of anything it's  trained to respond to pleasurably &amp;amp; positively. The more you use a  drug, the more you need to sustain even the basic rush. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And where does that leave the mind shaped by deep reading? The mind  that immerses itself in the universe of a book, rather than simply  looking for a few key phrases &amp;amp; paragraphs? The mind that develops  through slow, quiet contemplation, mulling over ideas in their entirety,  and growing as a result? The mature mind that ponders possibilities  &amp;amp; consequences, rather than simply going with the bright, dazzling,  digital flow? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nowhere, it seems. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Carr makes it clear that the digital world, like any other  technology that undeniably makes parts of life so much easier, is here  to stay. All the more reason, then, to approach it warily, suspiciously,  and limit its use whenever possible, since it is so ubiquitous. "Yes,  but," many will say, "everything is moving so fast that we've got to  adapt to it, keep up with it!" Not unlike the Red Queen commenting that  it takes all of one's energy &amp;amp; speed to simply remain in one place  while running. But what sort of life is that? How much depth does it  really have? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Because some aspects of life -- often the most meaningful &amp;amp;  rewarding aspects -- require time &amp;amp; depth. Yet the digital world  constantly makes us break it into discrete, interchangeable bits that  hurtle us forward so rapidly &amp;amp; inexorably that we simply don't have  time to stop &amp;amp; think. And before we know it, we're unwilling &amp;amp;  even unable to think. Not in any way that allows true self-awareness in  any real context. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Emerson once said (as aptly quoted by Carr), "Things are in the  saddle / And ride mankind." The danger is that we'll not only willingly,  even eagerly, wear those saddles, but that we'll come to desire them  &amp;amp; buckle them on ever more tightly, until we feel naked without  them. And we'll gladly pay anything to keep them there, even as we lose  the capacity to wonder why we ever put them on in the first place. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most highly recommended!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id="btAsinTitle"&gt;&lt;span class="h3color"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id="btAsinTitle"&gt;&lt;span class="h3color"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;Related Articles:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id="btAsinTitle"&gt;&lt;span class="h3color"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=127370598"&gt;http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=127370598&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id="btAsinTitle"&gt;&lt;span class="h3color"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_24/b4182000596077.htm"&gt;http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_24/b4182000596077.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id="btAsinTitle"&gt;&lt;span class="h3color"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id="btAsinTitle"&gt;&lt;span class="h3color"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;Para quem prefere ler em português a editora abril lançou um artigo em português sobre o assunto:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://info.abril.com.br/noticias/internet/a-internet-esta-destruindo-nossas-mentes-04062010-12.shl"&gt;http://info.abril.com.br/noticias/internet/a-internet-esta-destruindo-nossas-mentes-04062010-12.shl&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-2645961249269790252?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/a76jiyUH3Bk" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/2645961249269790252?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/2645961249269790252?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/a76jiyUH3Bk/is-google-making-us-stupid.html" title="Is Google Making Us Stupid?" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/06/is-google-making-us-stupid.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;D04NRX8-fip7ImA9WxFUFkU.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-993324972406139266</id><published>2010-06-27T17:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-27T17:46:34.156-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-06-27T17:46:34.156-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="crise" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Economia" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Crisis" /><title>Richard Haass on the eurozone crisis - FT.com</title><content type="html">&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://video.ft.com/v/89019557001/May-31-Richard-Haass-on-the-eurozone-crisis" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="336" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Z7X80NPdseM/TCfv9ZVgzQI/AAAAAAAAAAw/Z11whQHbYqg/s640/Martin+Wolf.jpg" width="593" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id="current_video_description_text"&gt;A conversation between Martin  Wolf, the FT's chief economic commentator, and Richard Haass of the  Council on Foreign Relations, a leading US thinktank, on the eurozone  crisis and its implications for the US and the rest of the global  economy.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;                 &lt;span id="current_video_duration"&gt;(9m 23sec)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id="current_video_duration"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id="current_video_duration"&gt;É fácil de perceber que Richard Haass está bem ansioso com a entrevista, veja como ele tenta controlar a ansiedade com os dedos da mão porém a perna começa a balancar, logo que inicia a conversa seus gestos com os músculos da face são de quem não está gostando do que está falando e muito menos que acredita realmente naquilo que está dizendo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-993324972406139266?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/muQSRQ3y-s8" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/993324972406139266?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/993324972406139266?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/muQSRQ3y-s8/richard-haass-on-eurozone-crisis-ftcom.html" title="Richard Haass on the eurozone crisis - FT.com" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Z7X80NPdseM/TCfv9ZVgzQI/AAAAAAAAAAw/Z11whQHbYqg/s72-c/Martin+Wolf.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/06/richard-haass-on-eurozone-crisis-ftcom.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;D0ENRXk-fCp7ImA9WxFUFk4.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-5892322438465127107</id><published>2010-06-27T03:48:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-27T03:48:14.754-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-06-27T03:48:14.754-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Brands" /><title>Currency: The Most Valuable Naming Trends in 2010</title><content type="html">&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl04_lbDescription"&gt;What  are 2010's biggest naming trends so far—and what trends can we expect  to emerge in the future?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.interbrand.com/images/papers/20_brandtrednspres_02E_JB.pdf" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl04_lnkBuy" target="_blank"&gt;Download&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-5892322438465127107?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/oyOHcbIVlEw" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/5892322438465127107?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/5892322438465127107?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/oyOHcbIVlEw/currency-most-valuable-naming-trends-in.html" title="Currency: The Most Valuable Naming Trends in 2010" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/06/currency-most-valuable-naming-trends-in.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;D0IMSH88fSp7ImA9WxFUFk4.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-5132553968710515779</id><published>2010-06-27T03:46:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-27T03:46:29.175-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-06-27T03:46:29.175-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Brands" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Marcas" /><title>O que é que as brasileiras têm</title><content type="html">&lt;div&gt;&lt;embed align="middle" allowfullscreen="true" flashvars="mode=embed&amp;amp;layout=http%3A%2F%2Fskin.issuu.com%2Fv%2Flight%2Flayout.xml&amp;amp;showFlipBtn=true&amp;amp;documentId=100611153607-c760f3c213f441a78a206d8b6d4e6c12&amp;amp;docName=o_que___que_as_brasileiras_t_m&amp;amp;username=Interbrand&amp;amp;loadingInfoText=O%20que%20%C3%A9%20que%20as%20brasileiras%20t%C3%AAm&amp;amp;et=1277635174438&amp;amp;er=2" menu="false" name="flashticker" quality="high" salign="l" scale="noscale" src="http://static.issuu.com/webembed/viewers/style1/v1/IssuuViewer.swf" style="height: 297px; width: 420px;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align: left; width: 420px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://issuu.com/Interbrand/docs/o_que___que_as_brasileiras_t_m?mode=embed&amp;amp;layout=http%3A%2F%2Fskin.issuu.com%2Fv%2Flight%2Flayout.xml&amp;amp;showFlipBtn=true" target="_blank"&gt;Open publication&lt;/a&gt; - Free &lt;a href="http://issuu.com/" target="_blank"&gt;publishing&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href="http://issuu.com/search?q=tem" target="_blank"&gt;More tem&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl00_lbTitle"&gt;What  about Brazilian Brands?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl00_lbDescription"&gt;Interbrand  evaluates Brazilian brands' opportunities and challenges in a global market.&lt;/span&gt;                         &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.interbrand.com/images/papers/10_What_about_Brazilian_Brands_english_final2.pdf" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl00_lnkBuy" target="_blank"&gt;Download &lt;/a&gt;                         &lt;span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl00_Label1"&gt; | &lt;/span&gt;                         &lt;a class="admin" href="http://www.interbrand.com/paper.aspx?paperid=117&amp;amp;langid=1000" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_Interbrand_Main_dlPapers_ctl00_lnkBuy2"&gt;Read  Online&lt;/a&gt;                                                                                              &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-5132553968710515779?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/HCN-GJXexTw" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/5132553968710515779?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/5132553968710515779?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/HCN-GJXexTw/o-que-e-que-as-brasileiras-tem.html" title="O que é que as brasileiras têm" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/06/o-que-e-que-as-brasileiras-tem.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;Dk8FSXw_fCp7ImA9WxFUFk4.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-6106820348046113086</id><published>2010-06-27T03:33:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-27T03:33:38.244-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-06-27T03:33:38.244-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Brands" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="2010" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Marcas" /><title>Ranking Interbrand das Marcas Brasileiras mais Valiosas 2010</title><content type="html">&lt;div&gt;&lt;embed align="middle" allowfullscreen="true" flashvars="mode=embed&amp;amp;layout=http%3A%2F%2Fskin.issuu.com%2Fv%2Flight%2Flayout.xml&amp;amp;showFlipBtn=true&amp;amp;documentId=100610174844-1d6d182a58a34aefa577fdf0a6036217&amp;amp;docName=best_brazilian_brands_2010_portuguese&amp;amp;username=Interbrand&amp;amp;loadingInfoText=Ranking%20Interbrand%20das%20Marcas%20Brasileiras%20mais%20Valiosas%202010&amp;amp;et=1277634709607&amp;amp;er=24" menu="false" name="flashticker" quality="high" salign="l" scale="noscale" src="http://static.issuu.com/webembed/viewers/style1/v1/IssuuViewer.swf" style="height: 297px; width: 420px;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align: left; width: 420px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://issuu.com/Interbrand/docs/best_brazilian_brands_2010_portuguese?mode=embed&amp;amp;layout=http%3A%2F%2Fskin.issuu.com%2Fv%2Flight%2Flayout.xml&amp;amp;showFlipBtn=true" target="_blank"&gt;Open publication&lt;/a&gt; - Free &lt;a href="http://issuu.com/" target="_blank"&gt;publishing&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href="http://issuu.com/search?q=universo" target="_blank"&gt;More universo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-6106820348046113086?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/C3fV4aFmaYE" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/6106820348046113086?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/6106820348046113086?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/C3fV4aFmaYE/ranking-interbrand-das-marcas.html" title="Ranking Interbrand das Marcas Brasileiras mais Valiosas 2010" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/06/ranking-interbrand-das-marcas.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CUcGRnc_eSp7ImA9WxFUFk4.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-7684381208733939325</id><published>2010-06-27T03:03:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-27T03:03:47.941-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-06-27T03:03:47.941-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Brands" /><title>Top Ten Brands in 2009</title><content type="html">1. Coca-Cola 68,734 ($m)&lt;br /&gt;
2. IBM 60,211 ($m)&lt;br /&gt;
3. Microsoft 56,647 ($m)&lt;br /&gt;
4. GE 47,777 ($m)&lt;br /&gt;
5. Nokia 34,864 ($m)&lt;br /&gt;
6. McDonald's 32,275 ($m)&lt;br /&gt;
7. Google 31,980 ($m)&lt;br /&gt;
8. Toyota 31,330 ($m)&lt;br /&gt;
9. Intel 30,636 ($m)&lt;br /&gt;
10. Disney 28,447 ($m)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.interbrand.com/best_global_brands.aspx?year=2009&amp;amp;langid=1000"&gt;View All Top 100 Brands&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(takes time to load)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-7684381208733939325?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/7DHoJDT-sV8" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/7684381208733939325?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/7684381208733939325?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/7DHoJDT-sV8/top-ten-brands-in-2009.html" title="Top Ten Brands in 2009" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/06/top-ten-brands-in-2009.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;C0QGQHk_fCp7ImA9WxFUFk4.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-1368590822823380781</id><published>2010-06-27T02:35:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-27T02:35:21.744-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-06-27T02:35:21.744-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="degrees" /><title>Examples of degrees</title><content type="html">Some examples of specific degrees follow each general term. For more information, see the article about the general term.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    * Associate's degrees: AA (Associate in Arts), AS (Associate in Science), AAS (Associate in Applied Science), AGS (Associate in General Studies), AST (Associate in Specialized Technology)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    * Bachelor's degrees: B.Des, AB or BA, BFA, LL.B, BHSc, MBBS BSc or BScIT or ScB or BS or SB, BASc, BPhil, BBus, BSBA, BPE, B.Math, BSW, BVSc, BPharm, B.Eng, BBA, B.Tech, B.Com, BAA, B, BM, BD&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    * Master's degrees: M.P.P., MA, MFA, LL.M, MS or MSc, MScIT, MSEd or M.S.Ed., MSW, MCM, M.Div., MPIA, MPS, MPSA, MAS, MMus, MSSc, MBA, MEcon, MFin, MPA, MSPH, MHA, M.Ed or EdM, M.Eng, M.H, M.J, M.Des, M.Pharm, MEnt, M.Phil., M.St., drs. (Netherlands), PSM, M, MPS&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    * Extended Research Master's degrees: mag.art. (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    * Licentiate degrees: LDS, Ph.L. (Licentiate of Philosophy), J.C.L., LP, S.T.L.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    * Specialist degrees: Ed.S., SSP, SClP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    * Logistician's degree: CPL&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    * Engineer's degrees: Ch.E., C.E., E.E., Env.E., I.E., Mech.E., Nucl.E., Sys.E.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    * Professional Doctoral degrees:DMD or DDM, DDS, BM BS, DPT, ND, D.C., OD, DVM, V.M.D, DMin, M.D.,[3] D.O., Au.D., PharmD,[4] J.D., D.C., P.Th.D., D.Th.P., D.P.M., DProf (UK), Psy.D., DNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    * Research Doctoral degrees: J.C.D., Ph.D. or D.Phil. (Oxford), DIT, EdD, EngD, DTech, DBA, DPA, DHA, Dr.-Ing(Germany), DPS, D.D., D.Th. or Th.D., S.T.D, J.S.D. or S.J.D. or LL.D., DPM, DSc or ScD, DSocSci, M.D. (UK and Sweden),[5] DSW, Doctor of Agriculture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Abbreviations for degrees can place the level either before or after the faculty or discipline, depending on the institution. For example, DSc and ScD both stand for the (higher) doctorate in science. Various other abbreviations also vary between institutions, for instance BS and BSc both stand for 'Bachelor of Science'.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are various conventions for indicating degrees and diplomas after one's name. In some cultures it is usual to give only the highest degree. In others, it is usual to give the full sequence, in some cases giving abbreviations also for the discipline, the institution, and (where it applies) the level of honours. In another variation, a 'rule of subsumption' often shortens the list and may obscure the chronology evident from a full listing. Thus 'MSc BA' means that the degrees conferred were - in chronological order - BSc, BA, MSc. The subsumption rule reflects the principle that a person of a given high status does not separately belong to the lower status.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For member institutions of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, there is a standard list of abbreviations, but in practice many variations are used. Most notable is the use of the Latin abbreviations 'Oxon.' and 'Cantab.' for the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, in spite of these having been superseded by (little used) English 'Oxf.' and 'Camb.' Other Latin abbreviations include St And. for the University of St Andrews, Exon. for the University of Exeter, Dunelm. for Durham University, Ebor. for the University of York and Cantuar. for the University of Kent (formerly the "University of Kent at Canterbury"). Confusion results from the widespread use of 'SA' for the University of South Australia (instead of S.Aust.) because 'SA' was officially assigned to the University of South Africa. For universities of different commonwealth countries sharing the same name, such as York University in Canada and the University of York in the UK, a convention has been adopted where a country abbreviation is included with the letters and university name. In this example, 'York (Can.)' and 'York (UK)' is commonly used to denote degrees conferred by their respective universities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The doubling of letters in LL.B., LL.M., LL.D. is because these degrees are in laws, not law. The doubled letter indicates the Latin plural (genitive case) legum as opposed to the singular (genitive case) legis. Abbreviations for the degrees in surgery Ch. B. and Ch. M. are from Latin chiruguriae and often indicate a university system patterned after Scottish models. The combination of M.B. with Ch. B. arose from a need to graduate the students at the time of year allocated to graduation rituals, but the legal inability to confer the M.B. before they had been properly approved by professional regulatory bodies. Thus the Ch. B. was conferred first, and the M.B. was conferred later, after registration, and without ceremony. In recent times the two have come to be conferred together and are widely (mis)understood to constitute a single degree.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some degrees are awarded jure dignitatis. That is, a person who has demonstrated the appropriate qualities to be given a particular office may be awarded the degree by virtue of the office held. It is another kind of earned—but not strictly academic—degree.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Recently gaining popularity, Universities have been offering 'Certificates' which are awarded after taking required continuing education courses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fonte: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_degree&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-1368590822823380781?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/MDW5b_WA7hw" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/1368590822823380781?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/1368590822823380781?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/MDW5b_WA7hw/examples-of-degrees.html" title="Examples of degrees" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/06/examples-of-degrees.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;Ck4ESH0yfSp7ImA9WxFUE0Q.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-9164649014204525445</id><published>2010-06-24T07:48:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-24T07:48:29.395-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-06-24T07:48:29.395-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="crise" /><title>A crise do crédito, suas origens e desdobramentos.</title><content type="html">Part 1 of 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/yMYPB2tLxc4&amp;hl=pt_BR&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/yMYPB2tLxc4&amp;hl=pt_BR&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Part 2 of 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/oZHGkyYd_d8&amp;hl=pt_BR&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/oZHGkyYd_d8&amp;hl=pt_BR&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Part 3 of 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Q8_ZqepZK0o&amp;hl=pt_BR&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Q8_ZqepZK0o&amp;hl=pt_BR&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Part 4 of 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/TFmVvatqS74&amp;hl=pt_BR&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/TFmVvatqS74&amp;hl=pt_BR&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-9164649014204525445?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/NLh7W0pDsHQ" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/9164649014204525445?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/9164649014204525445?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/NLh7W0pDsHQ/crise-do-credito-suas-origens-e.html" title="A crise do crédito, suas origens e desdobramentos." /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/06/crise-do-credito-suas-origens-e.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;A0EGR345fip7ImA9WxFUE0U.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-5418822012637809375</id><published>2010-06-24T07:27:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-24T07:27:06.026-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-06-24T07:27:06.026-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Commencement" /><title>President Obama at Michigan Commencement</title><content type="html">&lt;object width="640" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/ms61fCfzvsM&amp;hl=pt_BR&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ms61fCfzvsM&amp;hl=pt_BR&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="640" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-5418822012637809375?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/our5YzSUArY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/5418822012637809375?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/5418822012637809375?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/our5YzSUArY/president-obama-at-michigan.html" title="President Obama at Michigan Commencement" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/06/president-obama-at-michigan.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CEQCRHw_fCp7ImA9WxFVFk4.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-82408179169937058</id><published>2010-06-15T13:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-15T13:06:05.244-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-06-15T13:06:05.244-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Economia" /><title>Importância do Branding para as empresas como diferencial competitivo</title><content type="html">Entrevista com Bruno Abdo Maia, gestor de marcas e sócio da FaceBrand,  sobre a importâncias do branding para as empresas como diferencial  competitivo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;object height="385" width="480"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/5BG1TiA9vJM&amp;hl=pt_BR&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/5BG1TiA9vJM&amp;hl=pt_BR&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-82408179169937058?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/bxN9Qo-HPD4" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/82408179169937058?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/82408179169937058?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/bxN9Qo-HPD4/importancia-do-branding-para-as.html" title="Importância do Branding para as empresas como diferencial competitivo" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/06/importancia-do-branding-para-as.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;C0MMRHo-fSp7ImA9WxFVFk4.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4154677414563209259.post-2442552211137570981</id><published>2010-06-15T12:25:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-15T12:51:25.455-07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2010-06-15T12:51:25.455-07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Economia" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Orange Juice" /><title>Crop squeeze to boost orange juice price</title><content type="html">&lt;div class="ft-story-header"&gt;By Jonathan Wheatley in São Paulo &lt;br /&gt;
Published: June 6 2010 19:31 | Last updated: June 6 2010 19:31&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="ft-story-body"&gt;&lt;script&gt;
&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="clearfix" id="floating-target"&gt;The price of orange juice will  rise in coming months as Brazil’s citrus crop, the world’s largest,  sees its worst harvest in seven years because of bad weather and  diseases, according to Cutrale of Brazil, the leading orange juice  producer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/c3a65966-7183-11df-8eec-00144feabdc0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="361" src="http://www.ft.com/cms/c3a65966-7183-11df-8eec-00144feabdc0.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class="bodystrong" href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ffb6a9f8-7195-11df-8eec-00144feabdc0.html#"&gt;&lt;img align="right" alt="Citrus squeeze" height="150" src="http://media.ft.com/cms/c2ac804e-7183-11df-8eec-00144feabdc0.jpg" style="margin: 9px 4px;" width="151" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Orange  juice is a $20bn industry with prices affecting farmers in São Paulo  and Florida, processors, trading houses and bottlers such as &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://markets.ft.com/tearsheets/performance.asp?s=us:KO" symbol="us:KO"&gt;Coca-Cola&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  and &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://markets.ft.com/tearsheets/performance.asp?s=us:PEP" symbol="us:PEP"&gt;PepsiCo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.  &lt;br /&gt;
Carlos Viacava, Cutrale chief executive, said contracts being  signed with orange producers this year in Brazil, which accounts for  roughly half of the world’s orange juice output, include price rises of  50 to 60 per cent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“Some of the producers we were paying R$5  (US$2.70) a box are now getting R$14 or R$15 a  box,” he told the Financial Times, although he said the average increase  was smaller.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Oranges are sold in boxes weighing 90lbs (40.8kg).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In  New York, frozen concentrate of orange juice futures traded last week  at 136 cents per pound, down from a two-year high of 153 cents set in  March. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
FCOJ prices have risen 95 per cent since January 2009 on  the back of lower crops. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rise comes as Cutrale forecasts  orange output in 2010-11 in Brazil’s citrus belt at 286m boxes, down 6.2  per cent from 2009-10 and the smallest since 2003-04. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Prices  could be further affected if the harvest in Florida, the second-biggest  producer, is hit by hurricanes this summer, with meteorologists  forecasting one of the most active storm seasons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The crop is  already expected to be low due to frost this year and the impact of the  so-called greening disease. &lt;br /&gt;
The US Department of Agriculture  forecasts Florida’s crop at 136m boxes in 2009-10, the lowest in more  than a decade and down 15 per cent from 2008-09.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
François  Sonneville, an orange juice analyst at Rabobank, said the supply  concentration in Brazil and the US has led to economies of scale and  made orange juice more affordable but “the drawback is that it has also  made the supply vulnerable to the impact from diseases and extreme  weather events”. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The warning of higher prices comes as the  Brazilian orange industry consolidates, with the merger of number-two  Citrosuco and number-three Citrovita.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the combination, the  company would be the largest juice processor, controlling 25 per cent of  supplies and displacing Cutrale to second position. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Louis  Dreyfus, the French trading house, would be the third largest processor.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Additional reporting by Javier Blas in London&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="copyright"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ft.com/servicestools/help/copyright"&gt;Copyright&lt;/a&gt; The  Financial Times Limited 2010. You may share using our article tools.  Please don't cut articles from FT.com and redistribute by email or post  to the web.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="copyright"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="copyright"&gt;Original article:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="copyright"&gt;http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ffb6a9f8-7195-11df-8eec-00144feabdc0.html&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4154677414563209259-2442552211137570981?l=belchiorpalma.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~4/Cywt0x-IZt0" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/2442552211137570981?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4154677414563209259/posts/default/2442552211137570981?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BelchiorPalma-GestaoFinanceira/~3/Cywt0x-IZt0/crop-squeeze-to-boost-orange-juice.html" title="Crop squeeze to boost orange juice price" /><author><name>Belchior Palma</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15528115807750249201</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="16" height="16" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif" /></author><feedburner:origLink>http://belchiorpalma.blogspot.com/2010/06/crop-squeeze-to-boost-orange-juice.html</feedburner:origLink></entry></feed>

