<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><rss xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/" xmlns:blogger="http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008" xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss" xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0" version="2.0"><channel><atom:id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992</atom:id><lastBuildDate>Tue, 24 Sep 2024 20:30:46 +0000</lastBuildDate><category>IMK</category><category>Kata Mutiara</category><category>Networking</category><category>Repository</category><category>Tenis</category><category>Tips</category><category>Ubuntu</category><category>Windows</category><category>ip</category><category>kesehatan</category><category>subneting</category><title>| blank notes |</title><description></description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/</link><managingEditor>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</managingEditor><generator>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>24</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-909331595402234226</guid><pubDate>Sat, 23 Apr 2011 19:49:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2011-04-24T02:54:35.214+07:00</atom:updated><title>Exam Multimedia</title><description>&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Apa itu Data Stream ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:44pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.8%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Data Stream is “&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;A sequence of individual packet &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;transmitted in a time-dependent fashion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;” (suatu barisan paket yang ditransmisikan dlm modus yang tergantung waktu) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.55%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Sinonim dari Data Stream adalah Data FLow &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.16%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Paket data (atau disingkat paket atau juga message/pesan) membawa informasi baik dari data dalam medium diskrit atau kontinyu  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.02%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Paket mengindikasikan data sudah dalam bentuk representasi digital &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:468; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:22pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Data stream tradisional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:40pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Terdapat 3 mode transmisi  data stream: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute; left:-7.04%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Mode transmisi Asynchronous &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.66%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Mengacu pada peristiwa yang &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;tidak sinkron, atau terkoordinasi, dalam waktu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;. Berikut ini adalah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;dianggap operasi asynchronous. Interval antara transmisi A dan B tidak sama antara B dan C. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Kemampuan untuk memulai transmisi di kedua ujung. Kemampuan untuk menyimpan pesan dan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;maju. Mulai operasi berikutnya sebelum yang sekarang selesai.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute; left:-7.04%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Mode transmisi Synchronous &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.72%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Mengacu pada peristiwa yang &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;disinkronkan, atau terkoordinasi, dalam waktu. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Sebagai contoh, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;interval antara transmisi A dan B adalah sama seperti antara B dan C, dan menyelesaikan operasi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;ini sebelum yang berikutnya mulai dianggap operasi sinkron.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute; left:-7.04%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Mode transmisi Isochronous &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.76%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;ransmisi isochronous mentransmisikan data asynchronous melalui data link sinkron &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;sehingga karakter individu yang hanya dipisahkan oleh seluruh nomor interval bit-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;panjang. Sebuah protokol pesan isochronous setiap sumber data memberikan jumlah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;waktu yang tetap untuk mengirimkan (&quot;slot&quot; nya) dalam setiap siklus melalui sumber-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;sumber. Yang menjamin bahwa sumber masing-masing akan memiliki kesempatan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;rutin untuk menyampaikan informasi terbaru. Jika sumber memiliki data yang tidak &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;lebih untuk mengirim, maka sisa slot waktu yang terbuang. Jika memiliki lebih untuk &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;mengirim dari akan masuk dalam slot-nya, itu baik untuk menyimpan data kelebihan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;dan mengirimkan dalam slot berikutnya, atau membuangnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Cocok komunikasi isochronous aplikasi dimana data stream stabil lebih penting &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;daripada kelengkapan dan akurasi, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;misalnya video conferencing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:624; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:16pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Karakteristik data stream tradisional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:28pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute;left:-7.53%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Mode transmisi Asynchronous &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-6.08%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Tidak ada batasan waktu transmisi paket &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-6.08%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Paket yg dikirimkan cepat &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.81%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Kebanyakah digunakan untuk media diskrit (misalnya: Email, Ethernet) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.33%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Jika digunakan untuk mentransmisikan media kontinyu dapat dikombinasikan dengan menambahkan pembatasan waktu  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-6.08%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Contoh : Modem Asinkron  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute;left:-7.53%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Mode transmisi Synchronous &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.25%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Maksimum waktu delay end-to-end ditentukan. Manfaatnya untuk menghindari paket data yang hilang. Setiap pakettidak memiliki garansi sampai ke penerima.Oleh karena itu perlu buffer/storage temporer. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.12%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Misalnya maksimal data rate video 140 Mbps  dan maksimal delay dalam 1 detik &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-6.08%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Contohnya modem Sinkronous (HDLC,SDLC) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute;left:-7.53%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Mode transmisi Isochronous &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.51%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Maksimum dan minimum waktu delay end-to-end ditentukan dan dilakukan garansi pada tiap paket. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Transmisi data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.38%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Pada multimedia yang terditribusi (distributed multimedia/network base multimedia)  data disitribusikan  melalui jaringan transmisi dan switching.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Informasi yang ditransmisikan dibagi-bagi menjadi paket-paket data. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Jenis-Jenis Kamera&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Ada 3 jenis kamera berdasrkan penggunannya :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.33%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Kamera Broadcasting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.69%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Kamera ini biasanya dipakai pada stasium TV &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.33%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Kamera Profesional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.28%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Kamera ini biasanya dipakai pada cameramen diluar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;ruangan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.33%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Kamera Home-use&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.69%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Kamera ini biasanya dipakai untuk hobi amatir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:864; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:16pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;MEKANISME ALIH TEKNOLOGI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:34pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.54%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Mekanisme Berorientasi PASAR &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.65%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Pembelian Pabrik, Peralatan Produksi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.88%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Foreign Direct Investment &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.88%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Joint Ventures &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.88%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Technical  Collaboration &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.38%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Licencing &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.38%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Technical Service Agreement &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.31%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Engineering and Construction Agriment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:720; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:24pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Mekanisme .. lanjutan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:34pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.19%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Sub Contracting &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.19%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Turnkey project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.19%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Product In hand contacts &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.19%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Management contract &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.19%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Production Sharing &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.19%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Joint Research Ventures &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.19%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Expert Services&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216;mso-char-wrap: 1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;MEKANISME ALIH TEKNOLOGI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;TIDAK BERORIENTASI PASAR: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;    &lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.22%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;LITERATUR, BUKU, JURNAL, MAJALAH &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.53%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;INFORMASI TEKNIK &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.53%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;PAMERAN &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.53%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;KOONTAK PERSONAL / INFORMAL &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.53%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;KONPERENSI, SEMINAR &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.53%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;TRAINING, DIKLAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216;mso-char-wrap: 1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216;mso-char-wrap: 1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:384; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:360; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2011/04/exam-multimedia.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-3503158376853791265</guid><pubDate>Sat, 23 Apr 2011 14:13:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2011-04-23T21:28:39.072+07:00</atom:updated><title>Komunikasi Massa - KAP</title><description>&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  &gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 59px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Beberapa defenisi komunikasi massa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; &gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 53px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.68%;text-align:left;font-family:Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Komunikasi massa adalah proses di mana informasi diciptakan dan disebarkan oleh organisasi untuk dikonsumsi oleh khalayak (Ruben, 1992)  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.68%;text-align:left;font-family:Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Komunikasi massa adalah pesan-pesan yang dikomunikasikan melalui media massa pada sejumlah orang. (Bittner, 1980)  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.68%;text-align:left;font-family:Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Komunikasi massa adalah suatu proses dalam mana komunikator-komunikator menggunakan media untuk menyebarkan pesan-pesan secara luas, dan secara terus menerus menciptakan makna-makna yang diharapkan dapat mempengaruhi khalayak yang besar dan berbeda-beda dengan melalui berbagai cara. (DeFleur dan Denis, 1985)  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 384;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-6.8%;text-align:left;font-family:Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;Dari ketiga defenisi di atas dapat disarikan beberapa unsur yang terlibat dalam komunikasi massa.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute;left:-6.8%&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;1. Sumber &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute;left:-6.8%&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;2. Khalayak &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute;left:-6.8%&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;3. Pesan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute;left:-6.8%&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;4. Proses &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute;left:-6.8%&quot;&gt;5.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;5. Konteks &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute;left:-6.8%&quot;&gt;6.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;6. Media &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;Karakter Komunikasi massa: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 240;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute; left:-4.28%;text-align:left&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;1. Ditujukan pada khalayak yang luas, heterogen, anonim, tersebar dan tidak mengenal batas geografis-kultural. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 240;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute; left:-4.28%;text-align:left&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;2. Bersifat umum, bukan perorangan atau pribadi. Kegiatan penciptaan pesan melilbatkan orang banyak dan terorganisasi. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 240;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute; left:-4.28%;text-align:left&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;3. Pola penyampaian bersifat cepat dan tidak terkendala oleh waktu dalam menjangkau khalayak yang luas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 240;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;; position:absolute;left:-7.58%;text-align:left&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;4. Penyampaian pesan cenderung satu arah. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 240;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;; position:absolute;left:-5.25%;text-align:left&quot;&gt;5.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;5. Kegiatan komunikasi terencana, terjadwal dan terorganisasi. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 240;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;; position:absolute;left:-5.16%;text-align:left&quot;&gt;6.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;6. Penyampaian pesan bersifat berkala, tidak bersifat temporer. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 240;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute; left:-4.28%;text-align:left&quot;&gt;7.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;7. Isi pesan mencakup berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia (ekonomi, sosial, budaya, politik dll) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 240;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 240;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 336;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-5.95%;text-align:left;font-family:Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;Memahami komunikasi massa tidak akan terlepas dari media massa, karena objek kajian terbesar adalah pada peran dan pengaruh yang dimainkan media massa. Di bawah ini akan diuraikan  faktor-faktor yang mendasar dari media massa:  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 336;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute; left:-5.95%;text-align:left&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;1. Media massa merupakan industri yang berubah dan berkembang yang menciptakan lapangan kerja, barang dan jasa serta menghidupkan industri lain yang terkait. Media juga merupakan industri sendiri yang memiliki peraturan dan norma-norma yang menghubungkan institusi tersebut dengan masyarakat dan institusi sosial lainnya. Di lain pihak, institusi media di atur oleh masyarakat.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 336;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute; left:-5.95%;text-align:left&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;2. media massa merupakan sumber kekuatan- alat kontrol, manajemen, inovasi dalam masyarakat  yang dapat didayagunakan sebagai penganti kekuatan atau sumber daya lainnya.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 336;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 384;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,3&amp;quot;;position:absolute; left:-6.8%;text-align:left&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;3. media merupakan forum atau agen yang semakin berperan untuk menampilkan peristiwa-peristiwa kehidupan masyarakat, baik yang bertaraf nasional maupun internasional.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 384;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,3&amp;quot;;position:absolute; left:-6.8%;text-align:left&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;4. media seringkali berperan sebagai wahana pengembangan kebudayaan, bukan saja dalam pengertian pengembangan bentuk seni dan simbol tetapi juga dalam pengertian pengembangan tata cara, mode, gaya hidup dan norma-norma.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 384;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,3&amp;quot;;position:absolute; left:-6.8%;text-align:left&quot;&gt;5.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;5. media telah menjadi sumber dominan bukan saja bagi individu untuk memperoleh gambaran dan citra realitas sosial, tetapi juga bagi masyarakat dan kelompok secara kolektif. Media menyuguhkan nilai-nilai dan penilaian normatif yang dibaurkan dengan berita dan hiburan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 336;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 336;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;position: absolute; left: -3.68%; text-align: left; font-family: Arial; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;Pentingnya komunikasi massa dalam kehidupan manusia modern dewasa ini, dikarenakan: kemampuannya untuk : &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count:1;width:7.73%&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;- menciptakan public image,  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count:1;width:10.48%&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;- menentukan issue,  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count:1;width:5.18%&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;- memberikan kesamaan kerangka berpikir, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count:1;width:3.59%&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;- dan menyusun perhatian publik, pada gilirannya telah mengundang berbagai sumbangan teoritis terhadap kajian tentang komunikasi massa.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.68%;text-align:left;font-family:Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;Memberikan pengaruh yang jitu serta efektif bagi massa (baik positif maupun negatif) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-5.47%;text-align:left;font-family:Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;Politikus memanfaatkan komunikasi massa &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;Strategi Komunikasi Politik Melalui Komunikasi Massa :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;position: absolute; left: -3.68%; font-family: Arial; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;- Untuk meyampaikan pesan – pesan politik &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.68%;text-align:left;font-family:Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;- Menarik simpatisan sebanyak-banyaknya dari massa yang luas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.35%;font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;- Memperbaiki atau membentuk citra suatu gerakan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;politik &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.94%;text-align:left;font-family:Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;- Mempublish prestasi kegiatan atau kebijakan politik &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;!--[if ppt]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; visibility: hidden; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-1900.0%;text-align: left;font-family:Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;Media Penyalur pesan :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.19%;font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;-Rilis media (PR/Humas) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.19%;font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;-Televisi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.19%;font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;-Video &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.19%;font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;-Brosur &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.19%;font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;-Spanduk &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.19%;font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;-News Letter &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.19%;font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;-Internet &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;Agenda Setting :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.68%;text-align:left;font-family:Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;-Teori agenda setting yang dikemukakan oleh &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Maxwell Mc Combs dan Donald Shaw &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;adalah salah satu teori tentang proses dampak media atau efek komunikasi massa terhadap masyarakat dan budaya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.68%;text-align:left;font-family:Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;-Agenda &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;setting &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;menggambarkan kekuatan pengaruh media yang sangat kuat terhadap pembentukan opini masyarakat. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;Ada 3 proses agenda &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;setting&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal; white-space: normal; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;position: absolute; left: -7.85%; text-align: left; display: inline !important; &quot;&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;font-size:36pt&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 384;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;1. Media Agenda - dimana isu didiskusikan dalam media &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 384;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute; left:-6.8%;text-align:left&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;2. Public Agenda - ketika isu didiskusikan dan secara pribadi sesuai dengan khalayak &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 384;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:&amp;quot;numbullet3\,1&amp;quot;;position:absolute; left:-6.8%;text-align:left&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;3. Policy Agenda – pada saat para pembuat kebijaksanaan menyadari pentingnya isu tersebut &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 384;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-6.8%;text-align:left;font-family:Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;Jadi media massa mempunyai kemampuan untuk memilih dan menekankan topik tertentu yang dianggapnya penting (menetapkan ‘agenda’) sehingga membuat publik berpikir bahwa isu yang dipilih media itu penting &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 384;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 384;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;Pemilihan agenda setting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.68%;text-align:left;font-family:Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;-Analisis Isi Media, dilakukan dengan cara memfokuskan pada sejumlah isu yang menonjol &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;(issue salience&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;), misalnya tentang peristiwa, tokoh atau organisasi tertentu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:justify;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt: 216;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.68%;text-align:left;font-family:Arial&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;-Survey Khalayak, dapat dilakukan dengan cara memberikan pertanyaan atau questioner &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:384&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  &gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; &gt;&lt;b&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  &gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#eeece1,#1f497d,#4f81bd,#c0504d,#0000ff,#800080&quot;&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:336&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:240&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:384&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2011/04/komunikasi-massa-kap.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-924772200794680141</guid><pubDate>Sat, 23 Apr 2011 13:56:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2011-04-23T20:57:27.402+07:00</atom:updated><title>Lanjutan Data Warehouse</title><description>&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:21.3pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo9&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: Garamond;mso-fareast-font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond; mso-ansi-language:IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond;mso-ansi-language:IN&quot;&gt;Permodelan Data Warehouse &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond&quot;&gt;Kebutuhan organisasi akan data sangat besar, tetapi sering tidak mempunyai kemampuan untuk memprosesnya.. Hal tersebut sama halnya dengan otak kanan yang bertugas untuk menangkap dan menyimpan data dalam volume yang besar, sementara otak kiri tidak tahu bagaimana memakainya &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family: Garamond;mso-hansi-font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond; mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings;mso-no-proof:yes&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings&quot;&gt;J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;. Kemampuan manajer untuk menganalisis data yang sangat besar tersebut sangat terbatas sehingga perlu dilakukan pengaturan tertentu sehingga lebih mudah untuk dianalisis.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count:1&quot;&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;Intinya adalah volume data tidak relevan jika tidak diorganisasikan, dengan mengorganisasikan data kita memperoleh nilai tambah dari data tersebut. Padahal, nilai bagi sebuah organisasi berarti bagaimana mengubah data menjadi informasi untuk mengambil keputusan. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond&quot;&gt;Datawarehouse mendukung kemampuan melakukan query untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan, data warehouse lebih mudah dipahami oleh customer dilihat kebutuhan informasi mereka dalam menaksir keadaan finansial, produk dan layanan, serta waktu untuk memasarkan produk dan layanan baru. Yang terpenting – mungkin juga harapan yang berersiko – data warehousing dapat dilihat &lt;b&gt;sebagai teknologi, dengan kemampuan unik untuk mengolah informasi, bertujuan untuk menghasilkan pendapatan yang tinggi dan memperbesar keuntungan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;Multidimensional modeling (MDM) untuk memodelkan datawarehouse&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Multidimensional modeling (MDM) adalah salah satu pendekatan untuk memberi arti (atau warehousing) pada gunungan data tersebut. MDM tidak terikat pada representasi fisik dari data.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Dapat dipisahkan dari multidimensional database, Tidak terlalu sulit untuk dimengerti atau dipraktekan serta bukan mode yang terbaru atau terakhir&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;MDM adalah teknik untuk memodelkan bisnis secara konseptual sebagai sekumpulan ukuran yang dijabarkan oleh segi bisnis secara umum. Sangat berguna untuk pergantian, peringkasan dan penyusunan data untuk analisis. Sangat kontras dengan &lt;i&gt;online trasaction processing &lt;/i&gt;(OLTP) System, yang didesain sekitar entitas, relationship, functional decomposition, dan state transition analysis, MDM untuk data warehousing berdasarkan fakta, dimensi, hirarki dan sparsity.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;MDM didesain untuk data numerik, seperti nilai, jumlah, berat, dan kejadian, dalam OLTP permasalahan adalah “Bagaimana membuat model yang memenuhi proses transaksi”, dalam MDM permasalahan adalah “ Apa keuntungan bagi saya dengan pelanggan, dengan organisasi?”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;Bagian yang menarik dari MDM adalah kesederhanaanya. Desain OLTP boleh jadi mimiliki selusin atau bahkan ribuan tabel, yang menyebabkan kesulitan bagi manajer untuk memahami desain data dalam rangka menganalisis data. MDM lebih sederhana, model tidak hanya dimengerti oleh orang bisnis, tetapi juga diexpresikan dengan cara yang natural oleh user. Desain konseptual MDM yang baik, dapat diimplementasikan dalam database relasional, multidimensional, bahkan object-oriented database.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;MDM didesain untuk menunjang pelaporan dan kebutuhan analisis. Dapat dijelaskan dengan membedakannya dengan model relasional dalam beberapa hal:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;MDM melihat informasi dari prespektif “potongan waktu” bahkan transaksi atomik. Sistem OLTP merekam kejadian diskrit dari transaksi. Contohnya isian jurnal,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;pesanan pembelian, billing,dll. MDM tidak mempedulikan actual event, hanya hasil kuantitatif pada suatu interval waktu, seperti hari, minggu atau bulan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;Enam pertanyaan mendasar&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;Tahap awal untuk membangun model multidimensional adalah mengambil subjek area tentang laporan penjualan mingguan, keadaan finansial bulanan, biaya klaim asuransi yang dimodelkan dengan enam pertanyaan mendasar:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 18.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;Proses bisnis apa yang sedang dimodelkan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 18.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;Ukuran atau fakta-fakta apa yang digunakan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 18.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;Seberapa detil dari kegiatan analisis dilakukan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 18.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;Dimensi dari ukuran secara umum&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 18.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;Apa atribut-atribut dari dimensi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 18.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;6.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;Apakah atribut-atribut tersebut tetap atau berubah terhadap waktu&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h4 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt; line-height:150%&quot;&gt;Masadepan data warehousing&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond&quot;&gt;Dalam penerapan data warehousing perlu diperhatikan komponen organisasi yang paling penting – sumber daya manusia – apa yang akan terjadi pada pekerjaan-pekerjaan mereka jika datawarehose dimanuka kedalam budaya organisasi. Dalam membangun aplikasi data warehouse perlu diperhatikan apakah aplikasi yang dibuat tersebut sanggup memenuhi objektif dari bisnis mereka.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;Perkembangan jaringan komputer memungkinkan adanya sistem basis data tesebar, Internet yang semakin global menjadi tulang punggun dari perusahaan, teknologi&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;media penyimpanan yang berkapasitas besar serta makin cepat dan murah, serta perkembangan platform baru akan mewarnai masa depan dari data warehousing.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond&quot;&gt;kesimpulan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 18.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond&quot;&gt;Data warehouse sangat dekat dengan pengambilan keputusan dan masuk dalam sistem penunjang pengambilan keputusan (decession support system -- DSS)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 18.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond&quot;&gt;Data warehouse memberikan kemudahan bagi manajer untuk menganalisis data operasional yang sangat besar dalam rangka pengambilan keputusan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 18.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond&quot;&gt;Multidimensional modeling (MDM) adalah salah satu cara untuk memodelkan datawarehouse&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 18.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:Garamond;mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond&quot;&gt;Internet, teknologi media penyimpanan, dan platform baru akan merubah masa depan dari data warehousing.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;table class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;mso-cellspacing:1.5pt;  margin-left:6.0pt;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;height:15.0pt&quot;&gt;   &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:15.0pt&quot;&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:   1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Tahoma;color:#F39B02&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:   1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:   IN&quot;&gt;Ringkasan Data Warehouse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:   150%;font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow:1;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes&quot;&gt;   &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm&quot;&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;Data   warehouse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;   color:#333333&quot;&gt;adalah kumpulan data dari berbagai sumber yang ditempatkan   menjadi satu dalam tempat penyimpanan berukuran besar lalu diproses menjadi   bentuk penyimpanan multidimensional dan didesain untuk &lt;em&gt;querying &lt;/em&gt;dan &lt;em&gt;reporting&lt;/em&gt;.   Menurut Bill Inmon, data yang disimpan didalam &lt;em&gt;data warehouse &lt;/em&gt;ini   memiliki empat karakteristik, yaitu : &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;1. &lt;em&gt;Subject   oriented&lt;/em&gt;, data yang disimpan disesuaikan dengan proses bisnisnya &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;2. &lt;em&gt;Integrated&lt;/em&gt;,   semua data diintegrasikan kedalam satu media penyimpanan, dalam hal ini   adalah database yang sangat besar, dimana formatnya diseragamkan, &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;3. &lt;em&gt;Time   variant, &lt;/em&gt;data yang disimpan bersifat historical, dan &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;4. &lt;em&gt;Non-volatile,   &lt;/em&gt;data cenderung tidak berubah. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;Komponen   Utama Data Warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:   150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;Tiga   komponen utama Data Warehouse yaitu : &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;1.   Data staging area &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;   color:#333333&quot;&gt;Dalam tahap ini, data diolah dari sumbernya untuk siap   menjawab query. Prosesnya terdiri dari &lt;em&gt;extract,transform,load (ETL).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;2.   Data presentation area &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:   150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;Dalam tahap ini, data diorganisasikan, disimpan dan dapat   menjamin ketersediaannya akan segala kebutuhan query. Selain itu disini   dilakukan juga penulisan laporan dan kebutuhan aplikasi untuk analisis   selanjutnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;3.   Data access tools &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;   color:#333333&quot;&gt;Penyediaan interface untuk penggunaan aplikasi untuk query   data&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:   150%;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shapetype id=&quot;_x0000_t75&quot; coordsize=&quot;21600,21600&quot; spt=&quot;75&quot; preferrelative=&quot;t&quot; path=&quot;m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe&quot; filled=&quot;f&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:stroke joinstyle=&quot;miter&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:formulas&gt;     &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0&quot;&gt;     &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 1 0&quot;&gt;     &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum 0 0 @1&quot;&gt;     &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @2 1 2&quot;&gt;     &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;     &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;     &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 0 1&quot;&gt;     &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @6 1 2&quot;&gt;     &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;     &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @8 21600 0&quot;&gt;     &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;     &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @10 21600 0&quot;&gt;    &lt;/v:formulas&gt;    &lt;v:path extrusionok=&quot;f&quot; gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot; connecttype=&quot;rect&quot;&gt;    &lt;o:lock ext=&quot;edit&quot; aspectratio=&quot;t&quot;&gt;   &lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1026&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; alt=&quot;Komponen utama Data Warehouse.JPG&quot; style=&quot;&#39;width:334.5pt;height:138.75pt&#39;&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.jpg&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ittelkom.ac.id/library/images/stories/artkel2/ge%20sri/Komponen%20utama%20Data%20Warehouse.JPG&quot;&gt;   &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;446&quot; height=&quot;185&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image002.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Komponen utama Data Warehouse.JPG&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1026&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:   150%;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;   line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;Distributed Data Warehouse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Tahoma;   color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;Distributed   data warehouse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;   color:#333333&quot;&gt;merupakan kumpulan &lt;em&gt;data store &lt;/em&gt;yang dibangun secara   terpisah yang digabungkan secara fisik melalui jaringan. Tujuannya adalah   agar komponen-komponen yang terpisah ini terlihat sebagai satu kesatuan utuh   sebuah sistem data warehouse . Suatu &lt;em&gt;enterprise data warehouse &lt;/em&gt;dapat   dibentuk dari kumpulan &lt;em&gt;data mart &lt;/em&gt;yang terpisah, jadi tidak selalu   membentuk sistem yang terpusat tetapi juga bisa terdistribusi. Dengan   kecenderungan &lt;em&gt;data-oriented&lt;/em&gt;, data pada suatu perusahaan atau   organisasi seharusnya merupakan data yang &lt;em&gt;widely-shareable&lt;/em&gt;.   Tipe-tipe distributed data warehouse : &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;1. Dengan   local dan global data warehouse &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;Local   Data Warehouse merepresentasikan data dan proses-proses pada remote site.   Sedangkan global Data Warehouse merepresentasikan bagian dari bisnis yang   diintegrasikan. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;2.   Technologically Distributed Data Warehouse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;Menunjukkan   bahwa secara logic, ini merupakan single dw tapi pada kenyataannya secara   fisik terdapat beberapa dw yang diintegrasikan yang berasal dari beberapa   prosesor/site yang berbeda. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;3.   Independently evolving Distributed Data Warehouse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;Setiap   bagian dari distributed data warehouse, memiliki otonomi untuk mengatur dan   mengembangkan bisnisnya tanpa harus memperhatikan bagian yang lain. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333;mso-ansi-language:   IN&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;Arsitektur   Distributed Data Warehouse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;   line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom:3.75pt;text-align:justify;line-height:   150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#333333&quot;&gt;Distributed   data warehouse terbentuk dari beberapa data mart yang diintegrasikan. Setiap   data mart ini memiliki skema ETL yang terpisah, bisa jadi satu data mart   dengan data mart lainnya berbeda, tetapi tidak menutup kemungkinkan dimana   skema ETLnya sama, tergantung proses bisnis yang terjadi didalamnya. Disini   kita mengenal local data warehouse dan global data warehouse. Dalam beberapa   kasus, bagian data warehouse bisa berada di lingkungan terpusat (global) sekaligus   terdistribusi (local). Contohnya, suatu perusahaan yang besar yang memiliki   cabang yang tersebar di beberapa kota. Mereka membutuhkan global data   warehouse sebagai tempat informasi yang dikumpulkan. Sedangkan local data   warehouse diperlukan untuk menangani masalah bisnis yang terjadi ditiap   cabangnya. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa &lt;em&gt;distributed data warehouse &lt;/em&gt;ini   memberikan otonomi kepada tiap local areanya untuk menjawab persoalan   bisnisnya sendiri. Setiap local data warehouse, dalam hal ini data mart,   dapat melakukan pekerjaannya dengan implementasi sendiri tanpa mengetahui apa   yang sedang dilakukan data meart lainnya. Dalam distributed data warehouse   ini, &lt;em&gt;share &lt;/em&gt;informasi hanya dilakukan oleh local data warehouse   dengan global data warehouse. Jadi tidak terjadi pertukaran informasi antar   local data warehouse. Akan tetapi, disini semua data mart harus didesain   untuk bekerja secara bersamaan menjadi satu warehouse yang utuh. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US&quot;&gt;TABEL:   Perbandingan antara Data Warehouse dan OLAP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;   &lt;table class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;mso-cellspacing:0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm&quot;&gt;    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes&quot;&gt;     &lt;td width=&quot;295&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;width:221.25pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm&quot;&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Data Warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td width=&quot;295&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;width:221.25pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm&quot;&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;OLTP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;/td&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;    &lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow:1;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes&quot;&gt;     &lt;td width=&quot;295&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;width:221.25pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm&quot;&gt;     &lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;      &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:          auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Lebih cendrung menangani data masa lalu &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:          auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Data disimpan dalam satu macam platform &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:          auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Melayani permintaan insidentil, tak          berstruktur, dan bersifat heuristik &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:          auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Mendukung pengambilan keputusan strategis &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:          auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Data diorganisasi menurut subjek, misalnya          menurut produk, supplier &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:          auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Ber-orientasi pada analisis &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:          auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Dapat mendukung kelompok manajerial yang          berjumlah sedikit &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;/ul&gt;     &lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td width=&quot;295&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;width:221.25pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm&quot;&gt;     &lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;      &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:          auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Menangani data masa kini &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:          auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Data bisa saja tersimpan dalam berbagai          platform &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:          auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Melayani permintaan yang periodik atau          berulang &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:          auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Mendukung pengambilan keputusan operasional          (sehari-hari) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:          auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Data diorganisasi menurut fungsi, misalnya          menurut penjualan atau menurut produksi &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:          auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Ber-orientasi pada transaksi &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:          auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Mendukung kelompok kerja operasional,          berjumlah banyak &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;/ul&gt;     &lt;/td&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US&quot;&gt;Sumber data dari   Data Warehouse adalah &lt;a href=&quot;http://teknik-informatika.com/sistem-pemrosesan-transaksi/&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:IN&quot;&gt;data operasional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; dalam suatu   organisasi seperti data pelanggan, data produk, dsb, kemudian ditambah dengan   data eksternal misalnya dari Internet seperti data pemasok, dan data   komersial lainnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US&quot;&gt;Data Warehouse   bersifat multidimensional, lebih dari dua dimensi, sementara tabel relasional   untuk &lt;a href=&quot;http://teknik-informatika.com/olap-dan-data-mining/&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:IN&quot;&gt;OLAP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; hanya berdimensi dua.   Sebagai contoh berikut ini adalah tayangan data tiga dimensi dari data pembelian   barang selama beberapa tahun.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://teknik-informatika.com/images/pti/basisdata/gambaran-data-tiga-dimensi.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; alt=&quot;GAMBAR: Gambaran Data Tiga Dimensi&quot; style=&quot;&#39;width:304.5pt;height:232.5pt&#39;&quot; button=&quot;t&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.jpg&quot; href=&quot;http://teknik-informatika.com/images/pti/basisdata/gambaran-data-tiga-dimensi.jpg&quot;&gt;   &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;406&quot; height=&quot;310&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image003.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;GAMBAR: Gambaran Data Tiga Dimensi&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;wp-caption-text&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:   14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US&quot;&gt;GAMBAR: Gambaran Data Tiga Dimensi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US&quot;&gt;Berdasarkan susunan   data dimensional seperti diatas, analisis data dapat dilakukan misalnya untuk   menjawab pertanyaan : “Berapa jumlah barang-1 yang disalurkan oleh pemasok-2   antara tahun (n-3) sampai dengan tahun (n-1)?”. Persoalan utama yang mungkin   dihadapi adalah volume data warehouse tentu sangat besar sehingga diperlukan &lt;a href=&quot;http://teknik-informatika.com/multiprosesor/&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:IN&quot;&gt;teknologi pemrosesan paralel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; seperti &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Symmetric Multi Processor &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US&quot;&gt;(SMP) atau &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Massively Parallel Processor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US&quot;&gt;(MPP).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US&quot;&gt;Data Warehouse   dapat dibangun menggunakan &lt;a href=&quot;http://teknik-informatika.com/perangkat-lunak-aplikasi/&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:IN&quot;&gt;program aplikasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; yang dirancang   sendiri, tetapi tersedia beberapa perangkat lunak yang dipasarkan khusus   untuk membangun data warehouse pada suatu organisasi, antara lain:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;    &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:        auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;SourcePoint (Software AG) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:        auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;HP Intelligent Warehouse (Hewlett Packard) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:        auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;FlowMark (IBM) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;   &lt;/ul&gt;   &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US&quot;&gt;Laudon dan Laudon   (1998) dalam bukunya menuliskan beberapa langkah untuk membangun data   warehouse organisasi, yaitu:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;   margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo6;   tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Menentukan misi   dan sasaran bisnis yang akan dicapai dengan membangun data warehouse. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;   margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo6;   tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Melakukan   identifikasi komponen data yang diperlukan dari basisdata operasional untuk   membangun data warehouse. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;   margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo6;   tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Merancang   struktur basis data untuk data warehouse. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;   margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo6;   tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Membangun   kebijakan dalam mengarsipkan data lama sehingga ruang penyimpanan bisa diatur   sedemikian rupa agar eksekusi program analisa data tidak terlalu lamban. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;   margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo6;   tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Mentransfer   data operasional secara periodik ke dalam basis data warehouse. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US&quot;&gt;Selain data warehouse   dikenal pula istilah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;data   mart&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US&quot;&gt;   yang tidak merupakan bagian dari data warehouse untuk melayani kebutuhan   organisasi dalam lingkup yang lebih sempit, misalnya kebutuhan bagian atau   departemen tertentu dalam organisasi. Perbedaan antara data warehouse dan   data mart antara lain:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;    &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:        auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Data mart difokuskan untuk keperluan pemakai        yang terkait dalam sebuah departemen atau suatu fungsi bisnis. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:        auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Data mart biasanya mengandung data operasional        yang tidak terlalu rinci seperti pada data warehouse. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:        auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Data mart umumnya mengandung informasi yang        lebih sedikit dibanding dengan data warehouse. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;   &lt;/ul&gt;   &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US&quot;&gt;Beberapa contoh   produk data mart adalah sebagai berikut:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;    &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:        auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;SmartMart (IBM) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:        auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;Visual Warehouse (IBM) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:        auto;text-align:justify;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;PowerMart (Informatica) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;   &lt;/ul&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Tahoma;color:#F39B02&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;   text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-outline-level:5&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Tahoma;color:#669933;   display:none;mso-hide:all&quot;&gt;3.26 Copyright (C) 2008 Compojoom.com / Copyright   (C) 2007 Alain Georgette / Copyright (C) 2006 Frantisek Hliva. All rights   reserved.&quot;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;   text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-outline-level:5&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Tahoma;color:#669933;   display:none;mso-hide:all&quot;&gt;&lt;script&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;script&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;background:#FAFAFA&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;articleseparator&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:Tahoma;color:#333333;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Tahoma; color:#333333;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2011/04/lanjutan-data-warehouse.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-1045419776467181866</guid><pubDate>Sat, 23 Apr 2011 13:51:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2011-04-23T20:55:13.202+07:00</atom:updated><title>Modul Datawarehouse</title><description>&lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330619&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;BAB I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330620&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Definisi Data Warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330621&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;I.1. Pengertian Data, Informasi dan Database&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Sebelum kita membahas tentang data warehouse, hal yang harus dipahami terlebih dahulu yaitu pengertian tentang data,informasi dan database.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Menurut Steven Alter, data merupakan fakta,gambar atau suara yang mungkin atau tidak berhubungan atau berguna bagi tugas tertentu.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Menurut McLeod, data terdiri dari fakta-fakta dan angka yang secara relatif tidak berarti bagi pemakai. Sedangkan informasi adalah data yang sudah diproses atau data yang memiliki arti.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Disini kita dapat melihat bahwa data merupakan suatu bentuk keterangan-keterangan yang belum diolah atau dimanipulasi sehingga belum begitu berarti bagi sebagian pemakai. Sedangkan informasi merupakan data yang sudah di olah sehingga memiliki arti.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Menurut James A. O’Brien Database adalah suatu koleksi terintegrasi dimana secara logika berhubungan dengan record dari file.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Menurut Fatansyah, Database adalah kumpulan data yang saling berhubungan yang disimpan secara bersama sedemikian rupa dan tanpa pengulangan(redudansi) yang tidak perlu, untuk memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Jadi Database adalah tempat penyimpanan data yang saling berhubungan secara logika, sehingga bisa digunakan untuk mendapatkan suatu informasi yang diperlukan oleh suatu organisasi atau perusahaan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Sedangkan data yang diperoleh suatu organisasi atau perusahaan umumnya didapat dari kegiatan operasional sehari-hari atau hasil dari transaksi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Dari perkembangan model database, muncullah apa yang disebut dengan data warehouse.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330622&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;I.2. Pengertian Data Warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Pengertian Data Warehouse dapat bermacam-macam namun mempunyai inti yang sama, seperti pendapat beberapa ahli berikut ini : &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Menurut W.H. Inmon dan Richard D.H., &lt;i&gt;data warehouse&lt;/i&gt; adalah koleksi data yang mempunyai sifat berorientasi subjek,terintegrasi,time-variant, dan bersifat tetap dari koleksi data dalam mendukung proses pengambilan keputusan management.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Menurut Vidette Poe, &lt;i&gt;data warehouse&lt;/i&gt; merupakan database yang bersifat analisis dan &lt;i&gt;read only &lt;/i&gt;yang digunakan sebagai fondasi dari sistem penunjang keputusan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Menurut Paul Lane, &lt;i&gt;data warehouse&lt;/i&gt; merupakan database relasional yang didesain lebih kepada &lt;i&gt;query &lt;/i&gt;dan analisa dari pada proses transaksi, biasanya mengandung &lt;i&gt;history&lt;/i&gt; data dari proses transaksi dan bisa juga data dari sumber lainnya. &lt;i&gt;Data warehouse&lt;/i&gt; memisahkan beban kerja analisis dari beban kerja transaksi dan memungkinkan organisasi menggabung/konsolidasi data dari berbagai macam sumber.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Jadi, &lt;i&gt;data warehouse&lt;/i&gt; merupakan metode dalam perancangan database, yang menunjang DSS(Decission Support System) dan EIS (Executive Information System). Secara fisik &lt;i&gt;data warehouse&lt;/i&gt; adalah database, tapi perancangan data warehouse dan database sangat berbeda. Dalam perancangan database tradisional menggunakan normalisasi, sedangkan pada &lt;i&gt;data warehouse&lt;/i&gt; normalisasi bukanlah cara yang terbaik.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Dari definisi-definisi yang dijelaskan tadi, dapat disimpulkan &lt;i&gt;data warehouse&lt;/i&gt; adalah database yang saling bereaksi yang dapat digunakan untuk &lt;i&gt;query&lt;/i&gt; dan analisisis, bersifat orientasi subjek, terintegrasi, time-variant,tidak berubah yang digunakan untuk membantu para pengambil keputusan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330623&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;I.3. Istilah-istilah yang berhubungan dengan data warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Istilah-istilah yang berkaitan dengan data warehouse : &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top:0cm&quot; start=&quot;1&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo1;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;      mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data Mart &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Adalah suatu bagian pada data warehouse yang mendukung pembuatan laporan dan analisa data pada suatu unit, bagian atau operasi pada suatu perusahaan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top:0cm&quot; start=&quot;2&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo1;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;      mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;On-Line Analytical Processing(OLAP) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Merupakan suatu pemrosesan database yang menggunakan tabel fakta dan dimensi untuk dapat menampilkan berbagai macam bentuk laporan, analisis, query dari data yang berukuran besar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top:0cm&quot; start=&quot;3&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo1;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;      mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;On-Line Transaction Processing(OLTP)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Merupakan suatu pemrosesan yang menyimpan data mengenai kegiatan operasional transaksi sehari-hari.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top:0cm&quot; start=&quot;4&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo1;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;      mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Dimension Table&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Tabel yang berisikan kategori dengan ringkasan data detail yang dapat dilaporkan. Seperti laporan laba pada tabel fakta&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dapat dilaporkan sebagai dimensi waktu(yang berupa perbulan, perkwartal dan pertahun).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top:0cm&quot; start=&quot;5&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo1;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;      mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Fact Table&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Merupakan tabel yang umumnya mengandung angka dan data history dimana &lt;i&gt;key&lt;/i&gt; (kunci) yang dihasilkan sangat unik, karena &lt;i&gt;key&lt;/i&gt; tersebut terdiri dari &lt;i&gt;foreign key&lt;/i&gt;(kunci asing) yang merupakan &lt;i&gt;primary key&lt;/i&gt; (kunci utama) dari beberapa dimension table yang berhubungan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top:0cm&quot; start=&quot;6&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo1;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;      mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;DSS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Merupkan sistem yang menyediakan informasi kepada pengguna yang menjelaskan bagaimana sistem ini dapat menganalisa situasi dan mendukung suatu keputusan yang baik.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330624&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;I.4. Karakteristik &lt;i&gt;Data Warehouse&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Karakteristik data warehouse menurut Inmon, yaitu :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top:0cm&quot; start=&quot;1&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:      Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Subject Oriented &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;(Berorientasi      subject)&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;Data warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt; berorientasi subject artinya data warehouse didesain untuk menganalisa data berdasarkan subject-subject tertentu dalam organisasi,bukan pada proses atau fungsi aplikasi tertentu. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data warehouse diorganisasikan disekitar subjek-subjek utama dari perusahaan(customers,products dan sales) dan tidak&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;diorganisasikan pada area-area aplikasi utama(customer invoicing,stock control dan product sales). Hal ini dikarenakan kebutuhan dari data warehouse untuk menyimpan data-data yang bersifat sebagai penunjang suatu keputusan, dari pada aplikasi yang berorientasi terhadap data.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Jadi dengan kata lain, data yang disimpan adalah berorientasi kepada subjek bukan terhadap proses. Secara garis besar perbedaan antara data operasional dan data warehouse yaitu :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;table class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:  solid windowtext .5pt;mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;mso-border-insideh:  .5pt solid windowtext;mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes&quot;&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;295&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;width:221.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;   mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt&quot;&gt;   &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330625&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328347&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328248&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:   _Toc150328347&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330625&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data Operasional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;295&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;width:221.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;   border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:   solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt&quot;&gt;   &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330626&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328348&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328249&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:   _Toc150328348&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330626&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data Warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow:1&quot;&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;295&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;width:221.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;   border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;   padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt&quot;&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Dirancang   berorientasi hanya pada aplikasi dan fungsi tertentu&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;295&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;width:221.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:   none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;   mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;   mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt&quot;&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Dirancang berdasar   pada subjek-subjek tertentu(utama)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow:2&quot;&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;295&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;width:221.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;   border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;   padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt&quot;&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Focusnya pada desain   database dan proses&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;295&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;width:221.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:   none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;   mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;   mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt&quot;&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Focusnya pada   pemodelan data dan desain data&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow:3&quot;&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;295&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;width:221.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;   border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;   padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt&quot;&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Berisi rincian atau   detail data&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;295&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;width:221.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:   none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;   mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;   mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt&quot;&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Berisi data-data   history yang akan dipakai dalam proses analisis&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow:4;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes&quot;&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;295&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;width:221.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;   border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;   padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt&quot;&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Relasi antar table   berdasar aturan terkini(selalu mengikuti rule(aturan) terbaru)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;295&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;width:221.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:   none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;   mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;   mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt&quot;&gt;   &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Banyak aturan bisnis   dapat tersaji antara tabel-tabel&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top:0cm&quot; start=&quot;2&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:      Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Integrated &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;(Terintegrasi)&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;Data Warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt; dapat menyimpan data-data yang berasal dari sumber-sumber yang terpisah kedalam suatu format yang konsisten dan saling terintegrasi satu dengan lainnya. Dengan demikian data tidak bisa dipecah-pecah karena data yang ada merupakan suatu kesatuan yang menunjang keseluruhan konsep data warehouse itu sendiri.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Syarat integrasi sumber data dapat dipenuhi dengan berbagai cara sepeti konsisten dalam penamaan variable,konsisten dalam ukuran variable,konsisten dalam struktur pengkodean dan konsisten dalam atribut fisik dari data.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Contoh pada lingkungan operasional terdapat berbagai macam aplikasi yang mungkin pula dibuat oleh developer yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, mungkin dalam aplikasi-aplikasi tersebut ada variable yang memiliki maksud yang sama tetapi nama dan format nya berbeda. Variable tersebut harus dikonversi menjadi nama yang sama dan format yang disepakati bersama. Dengan demikian tidak ada lagi kerancuan karena perbedaan nama, format dan lain sebagainya. Barulah data tersebut bisa dikategorikan sebagai data yang terintegrasi karena kekonsistenannya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shapetype id=&quot;_x0000_t202&quot; coordsize=&quot;21600,21600&quot; spt=&quot;202&quot; path=&quot;m,l,21600r21600,l21600,xe&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:stroke joinstyle=&quot;miter&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:path gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot; connecttype=&quot;rect&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1041&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t202&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:textbox style=&quot;&#39;mso-next-textbox:#_x0000_s1041&#39;/&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ignore:vglayout&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;72&quot; height=&quot;479&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;508&quot; height=&quot;66&quot; bgcolor=&quot;white&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;background:   white&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute;mso-ignore:vglayout;   left:0pt;z-index:16&quot;&gt;   &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;     &lt;td&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;     &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1041&quot; style=&quot;padding:3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt&quot; class=&quot;shape&quot;&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;Integrasi     Data Warehouse&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;Sumber     :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;http://www.cait.wustl.edu/papers/prism/vol1_no1/integration/home.html&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;     &lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso &amp; !vml]--&gt; &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shapetype id=&quot;_x0000_t75&quot; coordsize=&quot;21600,21600&quot; spt=&quot;75&quot; preferrelative=&quot;t&quot; path=&quot;m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe&quot; filled=&quot;f&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:stroke joinstyle=&quot;miter&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:formulas&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 1 0&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum 0 0 @1&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @2 1 2&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 0 1&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @6 1 2&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @8 21600 0&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;    &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @10 21600 0&quot;&gt;   &lt;/v:formulas&gt;   &lt;v:path extrusionok=&quot;f&quot; gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot; connecttype=&quot;rect&quot;&gt;   &lt;o:lock ext=&quot;edit&quot; aspectratio=&quot;t&quot;&gt;  &lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1038&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.png&quot; title=&quot;&quot; croptop=&quot;7585f&quot; cropbottom=&quot;5158f&quot; cropleft=&quot;11532f&quot; cropright=&quot;12786f&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;&gt;  &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ignore:vglayout&quot;&gt;  &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;   &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td width=&quot;48&quot; height=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;516&quot; height=&quot;456&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image002.jpg&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1038&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top:0cm&quot; start=&quot;3&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:      Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Time-variant (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Rentang      Waktu&lt;i&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Seluruh data pada data warehouse dapat dikatakan akurat atau valid pada rentang waktu tertentu. Untuk melihat interval waktu yang digunakan dalam mengukur keakuratan suatu data warehouse, kita dapat menggunakan cara antara lain :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list 72.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Cara yang paling sederhana adalah menyajikan data warehouse pada rentang waktu tertentu, misalnya antara 5 sampai 10 tahun ke depan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list 72.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Cara yang kedua, dengan menggunakan variasi/perbedaan waktu yang disajikan dalam data warehouse baik implicit maupun explicit secara explicit dengan unsur waktu dalam hari, minggu, bulan dsb. Secara implicit misalnya pada saat data tersebut diduplikasi pada setiap akhir bulan, atau per tiga bulan. Unsur waktu akan tetap ada secara implisit didalam data tersebut.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list 72.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Cara yang ketiga,variasi waktu yang disajikan data warehouse melalui serangkaian snapshot yang panjang. Snapshot merupakan tampilan dari sebagian data tertentu sesuai keinginan pemakai dari keseluruhan data yang ada bersifat read-only.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shapetype id=&quot;_x0000_t132&quot; coordsize=&quot;21600,21600&quot; spt=&quot;132&quot; path=&quot;m10800,qx,3391l,18209qy10800,21600,21600,18209l21600,3391qy10800,xem,3391nfqy10800,6782,21600,3391e&quot;&gt; 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height=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;62&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;124&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;21&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;62&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td height=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;62&quot; height=&quot;61&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image003.gif&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td colspan=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;62&quot; height=&quot;61&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image003.gif&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1027&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td height=&quot;40&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;124&quot; height=&quot;40&quot; bgcolor=&quot;white&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;background:   white&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute;mso-ignore:vglayout;   left:0pt;z-index:3&quot;&gt;   &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;     &lt;td&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;     &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1028&quot; style=&quot;padding:3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt&quot; class=&quot;shape&quot;&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;     mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;Time Variancy&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;     &lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso &amp; !vml]--&gt; &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td height=&quot;10&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1029&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t202&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;left:0;&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:textbox style=&quot;&#39;mso-next-textbox:#_x0000_s1029&#39;/&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1030&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t202&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:textbox style=&quot;&#39;mso-next-textbox:#_x0000_s1030&#39;/&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ignore:vglayout&quot;&gt;  &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;120&quot; height=&quot;19&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;112&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;128&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;124&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td height=&quot;28&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;112&quot; height=&quot;28&quot; bgcolor=&quot;white&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;background:   white&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute;mso-ignore:vglayout;   left:0pt;z-index:4&quot;&gt;   &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;     &lt;td&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;     &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1029&quot; style=&quot;padding:3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt&quot; class=&quot;shape&quot;&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;     mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;Operasional&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;     &lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso &amp; !vml]--&gt; &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;124&quot; height=&quot;28&quot; bgcolor=&quot;white&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;background:   white&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute;mso-ignore:vglayout;   left:0pt;z-index:5&quot;&gt;   &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;     &lt;td&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;     &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1030&quot; style=&quot;padding:3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt&quot; class=&quot;shape&quot;&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;     mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;Data Warehouse&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;     &lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso &amp; !vml]--&gt; &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330627&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328349&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328250&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150328349&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330627&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: _Toc150330627&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150328349&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150328250&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1031&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t202&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;left:0;&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:textbox style=&quot;&#39;mso-next-textbox:#_x0000_s1031&#39;/&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1033&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t202&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:textbox style=&quot;&#39;mso-next-textbox:#_x0000_s1033&#39;/&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ignore:vglayout&quot;&gt;  &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;108&quot; height=&quot;7&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;172&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;68&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;196&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td height=&quot;148&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;172&quot; height=&quot;148&quot; bgcolor=&quot;white&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;background:   white&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute;mso-ignore:vglayout;   left:0pt;z-index:6&quot;&gt;   &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;     &lt;td&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;     &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1031&quot; style=&quot;padding:3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt&quot; class=&quot;shape&quot;&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;     mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;Current value data:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;     mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:9.0pt;text-indent:-9.0pt;mso-list:     l18 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:     12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;time horizon :60-90 days&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:9.0pt;text-indent:-9.0pt;mso-list:     l18 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:     12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;key may or may not have an element of     time&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:9.0pt;text-indent:-9.0pt;mso-list:     l18 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:     12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;data can be update&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;     mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;     &lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso &amp; !vml]--&gt; &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;196&quot; height=&quot;148&quot; bgcolor=&quot;white&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;background:   white&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute;mso-ignore:vglayout;   left:0pt;z-index:8&quot;&gt;   &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;     &lt;td&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;     &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1033&quot; style=&quot;padding:3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt&quot; class=&quot;shape&quot;&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;     mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;Snapshot&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;data:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;     mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:9.0pt;text-indent:-9.0pt;mso-list:     l18 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:     12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;time horizon :5-10 years&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:9.0pt;text-indent:-9.0pt;mso-list:     l18 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:     12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;key contain an element of time&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:9.0pt;text-indent:-9.0pt;mso-list:     l18 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:     12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;once snapshot is created, record cannot     be update&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;     mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;     &lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso &amp; !vml]--&gt; &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330628&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328350&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328251&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150328350&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330628&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: _Toc150330628&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150328350&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150328251&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1042&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t202&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;left:0;&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:textbox style=&quot;&#39;mso-next-textbox:#_x0000_s1042&#39;/&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ignore:vglayout&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;84&quot; height=&quot;15&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;508&quot; height=&quot;66&quot; bgcolor=&quot;white&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;background:   white&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute;mso-ignore:vglayout;   left:0pt;z-index:17&quot;&gt;   &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;     &lt;td&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;     &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1042&quot; style=&quot;padding:3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt&quot; class=&quot;shape&quot;&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;Time     Variance Data Warehouse&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;Sumber     :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;http://www.cait.wustl.edu/papers/prism/vol1_no1/time_variance/home.html&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;     &lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso &amp; !vml]--&gt; &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top:0cm&quot; start=&quot;4&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;      mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Non-Volatile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Karakteristik keempat dari data warehouse adalah non-volatile,maksudnya data pada data warehouse tidak di-&lt;i&gt;update&lt;/i&gt; secara &lt;i&gt;real time &lt;/i&gt;tetapi di &lt;i&gt;refresh&lt;/i&gt; dari sistem operasional secara reguler. Data yang baru selalu&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;ditambahkan sebagai suplemen bagi database itu sendiri dari pada sebagai sebuah perubahan. Database tersebut secara kontinyu menyerap data baru ini, kemudian secara incremental disatukan dengan data sebelumnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Berbeda dengan database operasional yang dapat melakukan update,insert dan delete terhadap data yang mengubah isi dari database sedangkan pada data warehouse hanya ada dua kegiatan memanipulasi data yaitu loading data (mengambil data) dan akses data (mengakses data warehouse seperti melakukan query atau menampilan laporan yang dibutuhkan, tidak ada kegiatan updating data).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1043&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t202&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:63pt;margin-top:228.35pt;&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:textbox style=&quot;&#39;mso-next-textbox:#_x0000_s1043&#39;/&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ignore:vglayout&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;84&quot; height=&quot;304&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;508&quot; height=&quot;67&quot; bgcolor=&quot;white&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;background:   white&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute;mso-ignore:vglayout;   left:0pt;z-index:18&quot;&gt;   &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;     &lt;td&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;     &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1043&quot; style=&quot;padding:3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt&quot; class=&quot;shape&quot;&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;Non     Volatile Data Warehouse&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;Sumber     :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;http://www.cait.wustl.edu/papers/prism/vol1_no1/nonvolatile/home.html&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;     &lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso &amp; !vml]--&gt; &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1032&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.png&quot; title=&quot;&quot; croptop=&quot;17143f&quot; cropbottom=&quot;15683f&quot; cropleft=&quot;15045f&quot; cropright=&quot;10828f&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;&gt;  &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ignore:vglayout&quot;&gt;  &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;   &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td width=&quot;48&quot; height=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;504&quot; height=&quot;288&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image005.jpg&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1032&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330629&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328351&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330629&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;BAB. II&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330630&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Kegunaan Data Warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330631&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;II.1 Perlunya Data Warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Seperti pengertian-pengertian yang kita sebutkan sebelumnya, data warehouse diperlukan bagi para pengambil keputusan manajemen dari suatu organisasi/perusahaan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Dengan adanya data warehouse, akan mempermudah pembuatan aplikasi-aplikasi DSS dan EIS karena memang kegunaan dari data warehouse adalah&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;khusus untuk membuat suatu database yang dapat digunakan untuk mendukung proses analisa bagi para pengambil keputusan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330632&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;II.2 Tugas-tugas Data warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Ada empat tugas yang bisa dilakukan dengan adanya data warehouse&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot;&gt;Menurut Williams, keempat tugas tersebut yaitu:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top:0cm&quot; start=&quot;1&quot; type=&quot;a&quot;&gt;  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l15 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;      mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Pembuatan laporan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Pembuatan laporan merupakan salah satu kegunaan data warehouse yang paling umum dilakukan. Dengan menggunakan query sederhana didapatkan laporan perhari,perbulan, pertahun atau jangka waktu kapanpun yang diinginkan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top:0cm&quot; start=&quot;2&quot; type=&quot;a&quot;&gt;  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l15 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;      mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Dengan adanya data warehouse,semua informasi baik detail maupun hasil summary yang dibutuhkan dalam proses analisa mudah didapat.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;OLAP mendayagunakan konsep data multi dimensi dan memungkinkan para pemakai menganalisa data sampai mendetail, tanpa mengetikkan satupun perintah SQL. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena pada konsep multi dimensi, maka data yang berupa fakta yang sama bisa dilihat dengan menggunakan fungsi yang berbeda. Fasilitas lain yang ada pada sofware OLAP adalah fasilitas rool-up dan drill-down. Drill-down adalah kemampuan untuk melihat detail dari suatu informasi dan roll-up adalah kebalikannya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top:0cm&quot; start=&quot;3&quot; type=&quot;a&quot;&gt;  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l15 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;      mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data mining&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data mining merupakan proses untuk menggali(mining) pengetahuan dan informasi baru dari data yang berjumlah banyak pada data warehouse, dengan menggunakan kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelegence), statistik dan matematika. Data mining merupakan teknologi yang diharapkan dapat menjembatani komunikasi antara data dan pemakainya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Beberapa solusi yang diberikan data mining antara lain :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify; text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 54.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Menebak target pasar&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify; line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data mining dapat mengelompokkan (clustering) model-model pembeli dan melakukan klasifikasi terhadap setiap pembeli dan melakukan klasifikasi terhadap setiap pemebeli sesuai dengan karakteristik yang diinginkan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify; text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 54.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Melihat pola beli dari waktu ke waktu&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify; line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data mining dapat digunakan untuk melihat pola beli dari waktu ke waktu.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify; text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 54.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;cross-market analysis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify; line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data mining dapat dimanfaatkan untuk melihat hubungan antara satu produk dengan produk lainnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify; text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 54.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Profil pelanggan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify; line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data mining bisa membantu pengguna untuk melihat profil pembeli sehingga dapat diketahui kelompok pembeli tertentu cenderung kepada suatu produk apa saja.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify; text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 54.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Informasi &lt;i&gt;summary&lt;/i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify; line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data mining dapat membuat laporan summary yang bersifat multi dimensi dan dilengkapi dengan informasi statistik lainnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify; line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top:0cm&quot; start=&quot;4&quot; type=&quot;a&quot;&gt;  &lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l15 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;      mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Proses informasi executive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent2&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot;&gt;Data warehouse dapat membuat ringkasan informasi yang penting dengan tujuan membuat keputusan bisnis, tanpa harus menjelajahi keseluruhan data. Dengan menggunakan data warehouse segala laporan telah diringkas dan dapat pula mengetahui segala rinciannya secara lengkap, sehingga mempermudah proses pengambilan keputusan. Informasi dan data pada laporan data warehouse menjadi target informative bagi user.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330633&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;II.3. Keuntungan Data Warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count:1&quot;&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data warehouse merupakan pendekatan untuk menyimpan data dimana sumber-sumber data yang heterogen(yang biasanya tersebar pada beberapa database OLTP) dimigrasikan untuk penyimpanan data yang homogen dan terpisah. Keuntungan yang didapatkan dengan menggunakan data warehouse tersebut dibawah ini (Ramelho).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l11 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list 54.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data diorganisir dengan baik untuk &lt;i&gt;query &lt;/i&gt;analisis dan sebagai bahan untuk pemrosesan transaksi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l11 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list 54.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Perbedaan diantara struktur data yang heterogen pada beberapa sumber yang terpisah dapat diatasi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l11 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list 54.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Aturan untuk transformasi data diterapkan untuk memvalidasi dan mengkonsolidasi data apabila data dipindahkan dari database OLTP ke &lt;i&gt;data warehouse.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l11 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list 54.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Masalah keamanan dan kinerja bisa dipecahkan tanpa perlu mengubah sistem produksi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot;&gt;Membangun data warehouse tentu saja memberikan keuntungan lebih bagi suatu perusahaan, karena data warehouse dapat memberikan keuntungan strategis pada perusahaan tersebut melebihi pesaing-pesaing mereka. Keuntungan tersebut diperoleh dari beberapa sumber (Sean Nolan,Tom Huguelet):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l19 level1 lfo8;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Kemampuan untuk mengakses data yang besar&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l19 level1 lfo8;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Kemampuan untuk memiliki data yang konsistent&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l19 level1 lfo8;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Kemampuan kinerja analisa yang cepat&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l19 level1 lfo8;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Mengetahui adanya hasil yang berulang-ulang&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l19 level1 lfo8;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Menemukan adanya celah pada &lt;i&gt;business knowledge &lt;/i&gt;atau &lt;i&gt;business process.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l19 level1 lfo8;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Mengurangi biaya administrasi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l19 level1 lfo8;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Memberi wewenang pada semua anggota dari perusaahan dengan menyediakan kepada mereka informasi yang dibutuhkan agar kinerja bisa lebih efektif. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330634&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328356&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330634&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150328356&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330634&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150328356&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330634&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150328356&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330634&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150328356&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330634&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150328356&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330634&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;BAB III&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330635&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Membangun Data Warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330636&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;III.1. Menentukan Bentuk Data Warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data warehouse memiliki berbagai macam bentuk yang&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;sering digunakan. Jadi sebelum membangun suatu data warehouse kita harus memutuskan bentuk data warehouse seperti apa yang dibutuhkan oleh aplikasi yang kita rancang.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330637&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;III.2. Anatomi Data Warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Penerapan awal dari arsitektur &lt;i&gt;data warehouse &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic&quot;&gt;dibuat berdasarkan konsep bahwa &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;data warehouse &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style:italic&quot;&gt;mengambil data dari berbagai sumber dan memindahkannya ke dalam pusat pengumpulan data yang besar. Konsep ini sebenarnya lebih cenderung kepada sebuah lingkungan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&quot;&gt;mainframe &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic&quot;&gt;yang terpusat.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF;mso-bidi-font-style: italic&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF; mso-bidi-font-style:italic&quot;&gt;Keunggulan teknologi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;Client Server &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF;mso-bidi-font-style:italic&quot;&gt;memungkinkan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;data warehouse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF;mso-bidi-font-style: italic&quot;&gt;diterapkan dalam berbagai macam cara untuk menampung kebutuhan pemakai sistem secara lebih proposional. Dalam suatu kasus, misalkan saja pemakai tertentu perlu menggabungkan data dari sebuah sistem pengumpulan data yang statis dengan data dari sistem operasional yang dinamis hanya dengan sebuah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;query &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF;mso-bidi-font-style:italic&quot;&gt;saja.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF;mso-bidi-font-style: italic&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF; mso-bidi-font-style:italic&quot;&gt;Berikut ini adalah tiga jenis dasar sistem &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data Warehouse :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330638&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328360&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: _Toc150330638&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;1. Functional Data Warehouse (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150328360&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330638&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data Warehouse Fungsional)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Kata operasional disini merupakan database yang diperoleh dari kegiatan sehari-hari. Data warehouse dibuat lebih dari satu dan dikelompokkan berdasar fungsi-fungsi yang ada di dalam perusahaan seperti fungsi keuangan(&lt;i&gt;financial)&lt;/i&gt;,marketing,personalia dan lain-lain.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Keuntungan dari bentuk data warehouse seperti ini adalah, sistem mudah dibangun dengan biaya relatif murah sedangkan kerugiannya adalah resiko kehilangan konsistensi data dan terbatasnya kemampuan dalam pengumpulan data bagi pengguna.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1034&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;left:0;&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.png&quot; title=&quot;&quot; croptop=&quot;21845f&quot; cropbottom=&quot;14564f&quot; cropleft=&quot;15862f&quot; cropright=&quot;9849f&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;&gt;  &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ignore:vglayout&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;   &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td width=&quot;12&quot; height=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;564&quot; height=&quot;295&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image007.jpg&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1034&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1035&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t202&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;left:0;&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ignore:vglayout&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;108&quot; height=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;412&quot; height=&quot;36&quot; bgcolor=&quot;white&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;background:   white&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute;mso-ignore:vglayout;   left:0pt;z-index:10&quot;&gt;   &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;     &lt;td&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;     &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1035&quot; style=&quot;padding:3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt&quot; class=&quot;shape&quot;&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;Bentuk data warehouse fungsional&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;     &lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso &amp; !vml]--&gt; &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330639&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328361&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330639&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;2. Centralized Datawarehouse (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150328361&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330639&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data Warehouse Terpusat)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Bentuk ini terlihat seperti bentuk data warehouse fungsional, namun terlebih dahulu sumber data dikumpulkan dalam satu tempat terpusat, kemudian data disebar ke dalam fungsinya masing-masing, sesuai kebutuhan persuhaan. Data warehouse terpusat ini, biasa digunakan oleh perusahaan yang belum memiliki jaringan eksternal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1036&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;&quot; wrapcoords=&quot;-35 0 -100 22700 10950 22900 21900 23000 21600 0 -35 0&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image008.png&quot; title=&quot;&quot; croptop=&quot;21845f&quot; cropbottom=&quot;.25&quot; cropleft=&quot;12309f&quot; cropright=&quot;6725f&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;&gt;  &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;564&quot; height=&quot;288&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image009.jpg&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1036&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Keuntungan dari bentuk ini adalah data benar-benar terpadu karena konsistensinya yang tinggi sedang kerugiannya adalah biaya yang mahal serta memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama untuk membangunnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1037&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t202&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;left:0;&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ignore:vglayout; position:relative;z-index:12&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;left:0px;position:absolute; left:120px;top:-120px;width:412px;height:31px&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;412&quot; height=&quot;31&quot; bgcolor=&quot;white&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;background:   white&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute;mso-ignore:vglayout;   left:0pt;z-index:12&quot;&gt;   &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;     &lt;td&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;     &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1037&quot; style=&quot;padding:3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt&quot; class=&quot;shape&quot;&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;Bentuk data warehouse terpusat&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;     &lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso &amp; !vml]--&gt; &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18.0pt;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330640&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328362&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330640&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;3. Distributed Data Warehouse (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150328362&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330640&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data Warehouse terdistribusi)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Pada data warehouse terdistribusi ini, digunakan gateway yang berfungsi sebagai jembatan penghubung antara data warehouse dengan workstation yang menggunakan sistem beraneka ragam. Dengan sistem terdistribusi seperti ini memungkinkan perusahaan dapat mengakses sumber data yang berada diluar lokasi perusahaan(eksternal).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1039&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image010.png&quot; title=&quot;&quot; croptop=&quot;8332f&quot; cropbottom=&quot;34588f&quot; cropleft=&quot;15019f&quot; cropright=&quot;4490f&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;topAndBottom&quot;&gt;  &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;588&quot; height=&quot;276&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image011.jpg&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1039&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;/o:wrapblock&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Keuntungannya adalah data tetap konsisten karena sebelum data digunakan data terlebih dahulu di sesuaikan atau mengalami proses sinkronisasi. Sedangkan kerugiannya adalah lebih kompleks untuk diterapkan karena sistem operasi dikelola secara terpisah juga biaya nya yang paling mahal dibandingkan dengan dua bentuk data warehouse lainnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330641&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;III.3 Arsitektur dan Infrastruktur Data Warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 style=&quot;margin-left:45.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330642&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328364&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330642&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot;&gt;III.3.1. Arsitekur Data Warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Menurut Poe, arsitektur adalah sekumpulan atau struktur yang memberikan kerangka untuk keseluruhan rancangan suatu sistem atau produk.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count:1&quot;&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Ada arsitektur &lt;i&gt;client-server,&lt;/i&gt;arsitektur &lt;i&gt;networking &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;dan masih banyak arsitektur lainnya. Arsitektur data menyediakan kerangka dengan mengidentifikasikan dan memahami bagaimana data akan pindah melalui sistem dan digunakan dalam perusahaan. Arsitektur data untuk &lt;i&gt;data warehouse &lt;/i&gt;mempunyai komponen utama yaitu &lt;i&gt;read-only &lt;/i&gt;database.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Karakterisitik arsitektur &lt;i&gt;data warehouse (&lt;/i&gt;Poe) :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:81.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo12;tab-stops:list 81.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data diambil dari sistem asal (sistem informasi yang ada), database dan file.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:81.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo12&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data dari sistem asal diintegrasikan dan ditransformasi sebelum disimpan ke dalam &lt;i&gt;Database Management System &lt;/i&gt;(DBMS) seperti Oracle,Ms SQL Server, Sybase dan masih banyak yang lainnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:81.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo12&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data warehouse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;merupakan sebuah database terpisah bersifat hanya dapat dibaca&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yang dibuat khusus untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:81.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo12&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Pemakai mengakses &lt;i&gt;data warehouse &lt;/i&gt;melalui aplikasi &lt;i&gt;front end tool &lt;/i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Arsitektur dan komponen utama dari &lt;i&gt;data warehouse &lt;/i&gt;dapat dilihat pada gambar berikut ini :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1044&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;left:0;&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image012.png&quot; title=&quot;&quot; croptop=&quot;7832f&quot; cropbottom=&quot;25301f&quot; cropleft=&quot;13760f&quot; cropright=&quot;6887f&quot;&gt;  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;square&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;600&quot; height=&quot;509&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image013.jpg&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; hspace=&quot;12&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1044&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;NO-BOK&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK;mso-no-proof:yes&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count:1&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Sumber : Conolly,T.M.,Begg&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:81.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF;mso-bidi-font-style:italic&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Operational Data&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Sumber data dari &lt;i&gt;data warehouse &lt;/i&gt;dapat diambil langsung dari &lt;i&gt;mainframe, &lt;/i&gt;basis data relasional seperti Oracle, Ms SQL server dan sebagainya. Selain itu dapat melaluo &lt;i&gt;Operational Data Source(&lt;/i&gt;ODS). ODS menampung data yang diekstrak dari sistem utama atau sumber-sumber data yang ada dan kemudian data hasil ekstrasi tersebut dibersihkan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:81.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Load manager&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Load manager &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;juga disebut sebagai komponen &lt;i&gt;front-end &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;yang bertugas melakukan seluruh operasi yang berhubungan dengan ekstrasi dan me-&lt;i&gt;load &lt;/i&gt;data ke &lt;i&gt;warehouse. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:81.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Warehouse Manager&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Warehouse manager&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt; melakukan seluruh operasi-operasi yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan manajemen data di dalam &lt;i&gt;warehouse. &lt;/i&gt;Operasi-operasi tersebut meliputi :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l10 level1 lfo13;tab-stops:81.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Analisis terhadap data untuk memastikan konsistensi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:81.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l10 level1 lfo13;tab-stops:81.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Transformasi dan penggabungan sumber data dari tempat penyimpanan sementara menjadi tabel-tabel &lt;i&gt;data warehouse.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l10 level1 lfo13;tab-stops:81.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Penciptaan indeks-indeks dan view berdasarkan tabel-tabel dasar&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l10 level1 lfo13;tab-stops:81.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Melakukan denormalisasi dan agregasi jika diperlukan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l10 level1 lfo13;tab-stops:81.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Backing-Up &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;dan mengarsipkan data&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:81.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Query manager&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Query manager &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;juga disebut komponen &lt;i&gt;back-end, &lt;/i&gt;melakukan operasi-operasi yang berhubungan dengan manajemen &lt;i&gt;user queries. &lt;/i&gt;Operasi-operasi yang dilakukan oleh komponen ini termasuk mengarahkan &lt;i&gt;query &lt;/i&gt;kepada tabel-tabel yang tepat dan menjadwalkan eksekusi dari query tersebut.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l3 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:81.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;e.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;End-user Access Tools&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Prinsip atau tujuan utama dari dibangunnya &lt;i&gt;data warehouse &lt;/i&gt;adalah untuk menyediakan informasi bisnis kepada &lt;i&gt;user-user &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;untuk dapat melakukan pengambilan keputusan secara cepat dan tepat.&lt;i&gt;User&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;ini berinteraksi dengan &lt;i&gt;warehouse &lt;/i&gt;melalui &lt;i&gt;end-user access tools. Data warehouse&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;harus secara efisien mendukung secara khusus kebutuhan &lt;i&gt;user &lt;/i&gt;serta secara rutin melakukan analisis. Performa yang baik dapat dicapai dengan merencanakan dahulu keperluan-keperluan untuk melakukan &lt;i&gt;joins,summations &lt;/i&gt;dan laporan-laporan per periode dengan &lt;i&gt;end-users.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent3&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify; text-indent:27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot;&gt;Berdasarkan kategori yang dikemukakan oleh Berson dan Smith terdapat lima grup utama dari tools tersebut, antara lain :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l16 level1 lfo14;tab-stops:list 36.0pt left 81.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF;mso-bidi-font-style:italic&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Reporting and query tools&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l16 level1 lfo14;tab-stops:list 36.0pt left 81.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Application development tools&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l16 level1 lfo14;tab-stops:list 36.0pt left 81.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF;mso-bidi-font-style:italic&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Executive information System (EIS) tools&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l16 level1 lfo14;tab-stops:list 36.0pt left 81.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF;mso-bidi-font-style:italic&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) tools&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l16 level1 lfo14;tab-stops:list 36.0pt left 81.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF;mso-bidi-font-style:italic&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data mining tools&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Arsitektur dan infrastruktur dari &lt;i&gt;data warehouse &lt;/i&gt;sangat erat hubungannya dan satu dengan lainnya saling berkaitan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330643&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328365&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330643&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot;&gt;III.3.2. Infrastruktur Data Warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Infrastruktur &lt;i&gt;data warehouse &lt;/i&gt;adalah software, hardware, pelatihan dan komponen-komponen lainnya yang memberikan dukungan yang dibutuhkan untuk mengimplementasikan &lt;i&gt;data warehouse&lt;/i&gt;(Poe). &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Salah satu instrumen yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengembangan &lt;i&gt;data warehouse &lt;/i&gt;adalah pengidentifikasian arsitektur mana yang terbaik dan infrasruktur apa yang dibutuhkan. Arsitektur yang sama, mungkin memerlukan infrastruktur yang berbeda, tergantung pada lingkunan perusahaan ataupun organisasi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-left:27.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330644&quot;&gt;III.4. Struktur Data Warehouse&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 9.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Seperti yang kita lihat sebelumnya pada arsitektur &lt;i&gt;data warehouse, &lt;/i&gt;ada beberapa struktur yang spesifik terdapat pada bagian &lt;i&gt;warehouse manager. &lt;/i&gt;Bagian tersebut merupakan struktur data warehouse.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 9.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Menurut Poe, Vidette, data warehouse memiliki struktur yang spesifik dan&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;mempunyai perbedaan dalam tingkatan detail data&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;dan umur data.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1040&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t202&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;left:0;&quot; strokecolor=&quot;gray&quot;&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ignore:vglayout;position:absolute;z-index:15;left:0px;margin-left: 23px;margin-top:155px;width:54px;height:138px&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td width=&quot;54&quot; height=&quot;138&quot; bgcolor=&quot;white&quot; style=&quot;border:.75pt solid gray;   vertical-align:top;background:white&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute;mso-ignore:vglayout;left:0pt;z-index:15&quot;&gt;   &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;    &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;     &lt;td&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;     &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1040&quot; style=&quot;padding:4.35pt 7.95pt 4.35pt 7.95pt&quot; class=&quot;shape&quot;&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;     color:gray&quot;&gt;M&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;     color:gray&quot;&gt;E&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;     color:gray&quot;&gt;T&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;     color:gray&quot;&gt;A&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;     color:gray&quot;&gt;D&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;     color:gray&quot;&gt;A&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;     color:gray&quot;&gt;T&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;     color:gray&quot;&gt;A&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;     &lt;!--[if !mso]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso &amp; !vml]--&gt; &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1026&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&quot;&#39;width:351pt;&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.png&quot; title=&quot;&quot; croptop=&quot;9274f&quot; cropbottom=&quot;7110f&quot; cropleft=&quot;14958f&quot; cropright=&quot;9777f&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;468&quot; height=&quot;348&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image015.jpg&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1026&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Komponen dari struktur data warehouse adalah:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 9.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l12 level1 lfo9&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Current detail data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 36.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Current detail data &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;merupakan data detil yang aktif saat ini,mencerminkan keadaan yang sedang berjalan dan merupakan level terendah dalam &lt;i&gt;data warehouse. &lt;/i&gt;Didalam area ini warehouse menyimpan seluruh detail data yang terdapat pada skema basis data. Jumlah data sangat besar sehingga memerlukan &lt;i&gt;storage &lt;/i&gt;yang besar pula dan dapat diakses secara cepat. Dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan adalah kerumitan untuk mengatur data menjadi meningkat dan biaya yang diperlukan menjadi mahal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 36.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Berikut ini beberapa alasan mengapa &lt;i&gt;current detail data&lt;/i&gt; menjadi perhatian utama :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l17 level1 lfo10&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Menggambarkan kejadian yang baru terjadi dan selalu menjadi perhatian utama&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:99.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l17 level1 lfo10;tab-stops:99.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Sangat banyak jumlahnya dan disimpan pada tingkat penyimpanan terendah.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:99.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l17 level1 lfo10;tab-stops:list 99.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Hampir selalu disimpan dalam &lt;i&gt;storage &lt;/i&gt;karena cepat di akses&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;tetapi mahal dan kompleks dalam pengaturannya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:99.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l17 level1 lfo10;tab-stops:list 99.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Bisa digunakan dalam membuat rekapitulasi sehingga &lt;i&gt;current detail data &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;harus akurat.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 36.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l12 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list 36.0pt left 99.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Older detail data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data ini merupakan data historis dari &lt;i&gt;current detail data&lt;/i&gt;, dapat berupa hasil cadangan atau archive data yang disimpan dalam &lt;i&gt;storage &lt;/i&gt;terpisah. Karena bersifat &lt;i&gt;back-up(&lt;/i&gt;cadangan), maka biasanya data disimpan dalam &lt;i&gt;storage&lt;/i&gt; alternatif seperti &lt;i&gt;tape-desk.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data ini biasanya memilki tingkat frekuensi akses yang rendah. Penyusunan file atau &lt;i&gt;directory&lt;/i&gt; dari data ini di susun berdasarkan umur dari data yang bertujuan mempermudah untuk pencarian atau pengaksesan kembali.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l12 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list 72.0pt left 99.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Lighlty summarized data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data ini merupakan ringkasan atau rangkuman dari &lt;i&gt;current detail data.&lt;/i&gt; Data ini dirangkum berdasar periode atau dimensi lainnya sesuai dengan kebutuhan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Ringkasan dari &lt;i&gt;current detail data&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;belum bersifat total &lt;i&gt;summary.&lt;/i&gt;Data-data ini memiliki detil tingkatan yang lebih tinggi dan mendukung kebutuhan &lt;i&gt;warehouse &lt;/i&gt;pada tingkat departemen. Tingkatan data ini di sebut juga dengan &lt;i&gt;data mart. &lt;/i&gt;Akses terhadap data jenis ini banyak&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;digunakan untuk view suatu kondisi yang sedang atau sudah berjalan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 36.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l12 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list 72.0pt left 99.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Highly summarized data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data ini merupakan tingkat lanjutan dari &lt;i&gt;Lightly summarized data, &lt;/i&gt;merupakan hasil ringkasan yang bersifat totalitas, dapat di akses misal untuk melakukan analisis perbandingan data berdasarkan urutan waktu tertentu dan analisis menggunakan data multidimensi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 36.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l12 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list 36.0pt left 99.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Metadata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent2&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:27.0pt; line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot;&gt;Metadata bukan merupakan data hasil kegiatan seperti keempat jenis data diatas. Menurut Poe, metadata adalah ‘data tentang data’ dan menyediakan informasi tentang struktur data dan hubungan antara struktur data di dalam atau antara &lt;i&gt;storage&lt;/i&gt;(tempat penyimpanan data). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent2&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:27.0pt; line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot;&gt;Metadata berisikan data yang menyimpan proses perpindahan data meliputi database structure,contents,detail data dan summary data, matrics,versioning, aging criteria,versioning, transformation criteria. Metadata khusus dan memegang peranan yang sangat penting&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dalam data warehouse.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent2&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:27.0pt; line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent2&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:72.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot;&gt;Metadata sendiri mengandung :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo11;tab-stops:list 90.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Struktur data&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Sebuah direktori yang membantu user untuk melakukan analisis &lt;i&gt;Decission Support System &lt;/i&gt;dalam pencarian letak/lokasi dalam data warehouse.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo11;tab-stops:list 90.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Algoritma&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Algoritma digunakan untuk summary data. Metadata sendiri merupakan panduan untuk algoritma dalam melakukan pemrosesan &lt;i&gt;summary &lt;/i&gt;data antara &lt;i&gt;current detail data&lt;/i&gt; dengan &lt;i&gt;lightly summarized data&lt;/i&gt; dan antara &lt;i&gt;lightly summarized data &lt;/i&gt;dengan hightly summaried data.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo11;tab-stops:list 90.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Mapping&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count:1&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Sebagai panduan pemetaan(&lt;i&gt;mapping)&lt;/i&gt; data pada saat data di transform/diubah dari lingkup operasional menjadi lingkup data warehouse.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-36.0pt; line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330645&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;III.5 Metodologi Perancangan Database untuk &lt;i&gt;Data Warehouse&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 36.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Menurut Kimball ada sembilan tahap metodologi dalam perancangan database untuk &lt;i&gt;data warehouse&lt;/i&gt;, yaitu :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count:1&quot;&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;Langkah 1 : Pemilihan proses&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo11;tab-stops:list 90.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data mart yang pertama kali dibangun haruslah data mart yang dapat dikirim tepat waktu dan dapat menjawab semua pertanyaan bisnis yang penting&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo11;tab-stops:list 90.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Pilihan terbaik untuk data mart yang pertama adalah yang berhubungan dengan &lt;i&gt;sales, &lt;/i&gt;misal &lt;i&gt;property sales, property leasing,property advertising.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Langkah 2 : Pemilihan sumber&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l14 level1 lfo15;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Untuk memutuskan secara pasti apa yang diwakili atau direpresentasikan oleh sebuah tabel fakta.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l14 level1 lfo15;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Misal, jika sumber dari sebuah tabel fakta properti sale adalah properti sale individual maka sumber dari sebuah dimensi pelanggan berisi rincian pelanggan yang membeli properti utama&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Langkah 3 : Mengidentifikasi dimensi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l13 level1 lfo16;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Set dimensi yang dibangun dengan baik, memberikan kemudahan untuk memahami dan menggunakan data mart&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l13 level1 lfo16;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Dimensi ini penting untuk menggambarkan fakta-fakta yang terdapat pada tabel fakta&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l13 level1 lfo16;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Misal, setiap data pelanggan pada tabel dimensi pembeli dilengkapi dengan id_pelanggan,no_pelanggan,tipe_pelanggan,tempat_tinggal, dan lain sebagainya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l13 level1 lfo16;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Jika ada dimensi yang muncul pada dua data mart,kedua data mart tersebut harus berdimensi sama,atau paling tidak salah satunya berupa subset matematis dari yang lainnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l13 level1 lfo16;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Jika sebuah dimensi digunakan pada dua data mart atau lebih,dan dimensi ini tidak disinkronisasi,maka keseluruhan &lt;i&gt;data warehouse &lt;/i&gt;akan gagal, karena dua data mart tidak bisa digunakan secara bersama-sama&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Langkah 4 : Pemilihan fakta&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo17;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Sumber dari sebuah tabel fakta menentukan fakta mana yang bisa digunakan dalam data mart.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo17;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Semua fakta harus diekspresikan pada tingkat yang telah ditentukan oleh sumber&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Langkah 5 : Menyimpan pre-kalkulasi di tabel fakta&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo18;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Hal ini terjadi apabila fakta kehilangan statement&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Langkah 6 : Melengkapi tabel dimensi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo18;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Pada tahap ini kita menambahkan keterangan selengkap-lengkapnya pada tabel dimensi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo18;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Keterangannya harus bersifat intuitif dan mudah dipahami oleh pengguna&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Langkah 7 : Pemilihan durasi database&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo19;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Misalnya pada suatu perusahaan asuransi, mengharuskan data disimpan selama 10 tahun atau lebih&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Langkah 8 : Menelusuri perubahan dimensi yang perlahan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo19;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Ada tiga tipe perubahan dimensi yang perlahan, yaitu : &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:144.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo19;tab-stops:list 144.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:&amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Tipe 1. Atribut dimensi yang telah berubah tertulis ulang&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:144.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo19;tab-stops:list 144.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:&amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Tipe 2. Atribut dimensi yang telah berubah menimbulkan sebuah dimensi baru&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:144.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo19;tab-stops:list 144.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:&amp;quot;Courier New&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;o&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Tipe 3. Atribut dimensi yang telah berubah menimbulkan alternatif sehingga nilai atribut lama dan yang baru dapat diakses secara bersama pada dimensi yang sama.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Langkah 9 : Menentukan prioritas dan mode &lt;i&gt;query&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo19;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF;mso-bidi-font-style:italic&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Pada tahap ini kita menggunakan perancangan fisik.&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 36.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Dengan langkah-langkah tadi, seharusnya kita bisa membangun sebuah &lt;i&gt;data warehouse &lt;/i&gt;yang baik.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 36.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 36.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;margin-left:45.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330646&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;III.6. Model untuk Data Warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 9.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 9.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Berikut di bawah ini adalah penjelasan dari model untuk data warehouse &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;margin-left:45.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330647&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328369&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: _Toc150330647&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;III.6.1. Model Dimensional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:45.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Model dimensional merupakan rancangan logikal yang bertujuan untuk menampilkan data dalam bentuk standar dan intuitif yang memperbolehkan akses dengan performa yang tinggi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:45.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Model dimensional menggunakan konsep model hubungan antar entity (ER) dengan beberapa batasan yang penting. Setiap model dimensi terdiri dari sebuah tabel dengan sebuah komposit &lt;i&gt;primary key,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;disebut dengan table fakta, dan satu set table yang lebih kecil disebut table dimensi. Setiap table dimensi memiliki sebuah &lt;i&gt;simple primary key&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;yang merespon tepat pada satu komponen &lt;i&gt;primary key &lt;/i&gt;pada tabel fakta. Dengan kata lain &lt;i&gt;primary key&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;pada table fakta terdiri dari dua atau lebih &lt;i&gt;foreign key. &lt;/i&gt;Struktur karakteristik ini disebut dengan skema bintang atau join bintang.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:45.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Fitur terpenting dalam model dimensional ini adalah semua &lt;i&gt;natural keys &lt;/i&gt;diganti dengan kunci pengganti(&lt;i&gt;surrogate keys). &lt;/i&gt;Maksudnya yaitu setiap kali join antar table fakta dengan table dimensi selalu didasari kunci pengganti. Kegunaan dari kunci pengganti adalah memperbolehkan data pada &lt;i&gt;data warehouse &lt;/i&gt;untuk memiliki beberapa kebebasan dalam penggunaan data, tidak seperti halnya yang diproduksi oleh sistem OLTP. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:45.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Sebuah sistem OLTP memerlukan normalisasi untuk mengurangi redudansi, validasi untuk input data, mendukung volume yang besar dari transaksi yang bergerak sangat cepat. Model OLTP sering terlihat seperti jaring laba-laba yang terdiri atas ratusan bahkan ribuan tabel sehingga sulit untuk dimengerti.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:45.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:45.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Sebaliknya, dimension model yang sering digunakan pada &lt;i&gt;data warehouse&lt;/i&gt; adalah skema bintang atau &lt;i&gt;snowflake&lt;/i&gt; yang mudah dimengerti dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan bisnis, mendukung &lt;i&gt;query &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;sederhana dan menyediakan performa &lt;i&gt;query &lt;/i&gt;yang superior dengan meminimalisasi tabel-tabel join. Berikut contoh perbandingan diagram antara model data OLTP dengan dimension table data warehouse :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:45.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1027&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&quot;&#39;width:422.25pt;height:378pt&#39;&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.png&quot; title=&quot;&quot; croptop=&quot;.25&quot; cropbottom=&quot;14535f&quot; cropleft=&quot;4035f&quot; cropright=&quot;4189f&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;563&quot; height=&quot;504&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image017.jpg&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1027&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Model data OLTP&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&quot;&#39;width:270pt;height:198pt&#39;&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.png&quot; title=&quot;&quot; croptop=&quot;16556f&quot; cropbottom=&quot;23473f&quot; cropleft=&quot;24547f&quot; cropright=&quot;19175f&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;360&quot; height=&quot;264&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image019.jpg&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Dimension Model&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 style=&quot;margin-left:63.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330648&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328370&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330648&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot;&gt;III.6.2.1. Schema Bintang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Skema bintang merupakan struktuk logikal yang memiliki tabel fakta yang terdiri atas data faktual ditengahnya, dan dikelilingi oleh tabel-tabel dimensi yang berisi referensi data.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1045&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;left:0;&quot; wrapcoords=&quot;-32 0 -32 21555 21600 21555 21600 0 11288 -855 -32 0&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image020.png&quot; title=&quot;&quot; croptop=&quot;10950f&quot; cropbottom=&quot;13446f&quot; cropleft=&quot;7168f&quot; cropright=&quot;5120f&quot;&gt;  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;tight&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;540&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image021.jpg&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; hspace=&quot;12&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1045&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330649&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328371&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328272&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: _Toc150328371&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330649&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330649&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150328371&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150328272&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h3 style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330650&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328372&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330650&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot;&gt;Jenis-jenis Skema Bintang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l9 level2 lfo11;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Skema bintang sederhana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count:1&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Dalam skema ini, setiap table harus memiliki &lt;i&gt;primary key &lt;/i&gt;yang terdiri dari satu kolom atau lebih.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Primary key &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;dari table fakta terdiri dari satu atau lebih &lt;i&gt;foreign key.Foreign key&lt;/i&gt; merupakan &lt;i&gt;primary key &lt;/i&gt;pada table lain.&lt;u&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1046&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;left:0;&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image022.png&quot; title=&quot;&quot; croptop=&quot;18963f&quot; cropbottom=&quot;15777f&quot; cropleft=&quot;13677f&quot; cropright=&quot;12195f&quot;&gt;  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;square&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;516&quot; height=&quot;252&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image023.jpg&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; hspace=&quot;12&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1046&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l9 level2 lfo11;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Skema bintang dengan banyak table fakta&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Skema bintang juga bisa terdiri dari satu atau lebih table fakta. Dikarenakan karena table fakta tersebut ada banyak, misalnya disamping penjualan terdapat table fakta &lt;i&gt;forecasting &lt;/i&gt;dan &lt;i&gt;result. &lt;/i&gt;Walaupun terdapat lebih dari satu table fakta, mereka tetap menggunakan table dimensi bersama-sama.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1047&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image024.png&quot; title=&quot;&quot; croptop=&quot;19042f&quot; cropbottom=&quot;9181f&quot; cropleft=&quot;14152f&quot; cropright=&quot;11244f&quot;&gt;  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;square&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;540&quot; height=&quot;300&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image025.jpg&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; hspace=&quot;12&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1047&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Adapun ketentuan dalam pembacaan skema bintang adalah :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo20;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Bagian yang ada di bawah judul tabel merupakan kolom-kolom tabel tersebut&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo20;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Primary key dan Foreign key diberi kotak&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo20;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Primary key diarsir sedang Foreign key yang bukan primary tidak&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo20;tab-stops:list 36.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Foreign key yang berhubungan ditunjukkan dengan garis yang menghubungkan tabel.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Kolom yang bukan kunci disebut kolom data pada table fakta dan atribut pada table dimensi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 style=&quot;margin-left:63.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330651&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328373&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330651&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot;&gt;III.6.2.3 Snowflake Schema&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:63.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Merupakan varian dari skema bintang dimana table-table dimensi tidak terdapat data yang di denormalisasi. Dengan kata lain satu atau lebih table dimensi tidak bergabung secara langsung kepada table fakta tapi pada table dimensi lainnya.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Sebagai contoh, sebuah dimensi yang mendeskripsikan produk dapat dipisahkan menjadi tiga table &lt;i&gt;(snowflaked) &lt;/i&gt;seperti contoh dibawah ini :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1028&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; style=&quot;&#39;width:404.25pt;height:171pt&#39;&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image026.png&quot; title=&quot;&quot; croptop=&quot;36409f&quot; cropbottom=&quot;10923f&quot; cropleft=&quot;12227f&quot; cropright=&quot;8345f&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;539&quot; height=&quot;228&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image027.jpg&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1028&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Snowflake Schemes&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;margin-left:63.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330652&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328374&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: _Toc150330652&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;III.6.2.4. Star atau Snowflake&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:63.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Keduanya merupakan model-model dimensional, perbedaannya terletak pada implementasi fisikal. Skema snowflake memberi kemudahan pada perawatan dimensi, dikarenakan strukturnya yang lebih normalisasi. Sedangkan skema bintang lebih efisien serta sederhana dalam membuat query dan mudah &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;diakses secara langsung oleh pengguna.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:63.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Adapun starflake merupakan gabungan diantara keduanya. Keuntungan menggunakan masing-masing model tersebut dalam data warehouse antara lain :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo19;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Efisien dalam hal mengakses data&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo19;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Dapat beradaptasi terhadap kebutuhan-kebutuhan user&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo19;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Bersifat fleksibel terhadap perubahan yang terjadi khususnya perubahan yang mengarah pada&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;perkembangan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo19;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Memiliki kemampuan dalam memodelkan situasi bisnis secara umum&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:108.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo19;tab-stops:list 108.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Meskipun skema yang dihasilkan sangat kompleks, tetapi pemrosesan query dapat diperkirakan, hal ini dikarenakan pada level terendah, setiap table fakta harus di query secara independen.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330653&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150328375&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330653&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;BAB IV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330654&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Hubungan Data Warehouse Dengan DSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330655&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;IV.1. Definisi Decision Support System&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Istilah dari &lt;i&gt;decision support system&lt;/i&gt; telah digunakan dengan banyak cara (Alter 1980) dan menerima banyak definisi yang berbeda menurut pandangan dari sang penulis (Druzdzel dan Flynn 1999). Finlay (1994) dan lainnya mendefiniskan DSS kurang lebih sebagai sebuah sistem berbasis komputer yang membantu dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Turban (1995) mendefinisikan secara lebih spesifik dengan, sesuatu yang interaktif,flexible dan dapat menyesuaikan diri&lt;i&gt;(adaptable) &lt;/i&gt;dari sistem informasi berdasarkan komputer, khususnya pengembangan untuk mendukung pemecahan masalah dari non-struktur management, untuk meningkatkan pengambilan keputusan. Dengan menggunakan data, mendukung antar muka yang mudah digunakan dan memberikan wawasan untuk sang pengambil keputusan. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Definisi lainnya bisa jadi gugur dibandingkan dengan dua pandangan ekstrim berikut, Keen dan Scott Morton (1978), DSS adalah dukungan berdasar kan komputer&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;untuk para pengambil keputusan management yang berurusan dengan masalah semi-struktur. Sprague dan Carlson (1982), DSS adalah&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;sistem berdasarkan komputer interaktif yang membantu para pengambil keputusan&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;menggunakan data dan model-model untuk memecahkan masalah yang tak terstruktur(unstructured problem). Menurut Power (1997), istilah DSS mengingatkan suatu yang berguna dan istilah inklusif untuk banyak jenis sistem informasi yang mendukung pembuatan pengambilan keputusan. Dia dengan penuh humor menambahkan bahwa jika suatu sistem komputer yang bukan OLTP, seseorang akan tergoda untuk menyebutnya sebagai DSS.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify;text-indent:27.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Seperti yang kita lihat, DSS memiliki banyak arti dengan maksud yang kurang lebih hampir sama, yaitu suatu sistem komputer yang berguna bagi para pengambil keputusan untuk memecahkan masalah mereka yang kurang lebih berhadapan dengan masalah non-struktur atau semi-struktur.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330656&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:EN&quot;&gt;IV.2. Hubungan antar DSS dengan Data Warehouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:EN&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:EN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count:1&quot;&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:EN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count:1&quot;&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;Setelah kita lihat dan selami tentang data warehouse, kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa data warehouse adalah sebuah model database yang berguna untuk menyimpan dan memproses data dengan pendekatan kepada kegunaan data dalam pengambilan keputusan bagi EIS atau DSS.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:EN&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:EN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count:1&quot;&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;Sebuah DSS (tergantung dengan yang disupport-nya)membutuhkan data warehouse agar dapat menjalankan kerjanya dengan baik. Dan memang data warehouse sendiri dibangun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan DSS.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:EN&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330657&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:EN&quot;&gt;IV.3. Contoh Data Warehouse Yang &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;st1:city st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330657&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:EN&quot;&gt;Ada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:EN&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:EN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count:1&quot;&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;Contoh dari data warehouse yang digunakan bersamaan dengan DSS, misalkan saja pegawai peminjaman bank memverikasi data peminta pinjaman atau suatu perusahaan engineer melakukan tawar menawar dalam beberapa project dan ingin tahu jika dia bisa kompetitive dalam harga terhadap para pesaingnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:EN&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:EN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count:1&quot;&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;Contoh yang lain masih lebih banyak lagi, yang kesemuanya membutuhkan kecepatan dalam pengambilan keputusan dan kemudahan dalam penggunaannya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:EN&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330658&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330658&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330658&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark:_Toc150330658&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Bab V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot; style=&quot;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330659&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Kesimpulan dan Penutup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330660&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;V.1. Kesimpulan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 36.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Data warehouse merupakan suatu cara/metode dari suatu database yang berorientasi kepada subjek, non-volatile, time-variance dan terintegrasi yang digunakan untuk mempermudah para pengambil keputusan dalam memecahkan masalah.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 36.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Keberadaan data warehouse sangat penting sebagai tools dari DSS, karena data warehouse memang digunakan untuk itu. Dengan adanya data warehouse, diharapkan suatu perusahaan dapat lebih unggul dari kompetitornya dan lebih jeli lagi dalam melihat peluang pasar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Toc150330661&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: AF&quot;&gt;Daftar Pustaka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoTitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_support_system&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_support_system&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Conolly,Thomas dan Begg Carolyn(2002). &lt;i&gt;Database systems – A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Management, &lt;/i&gt;edisi-3. Addison Wesley Longman.Inc., USA&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count:1&quot;&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Fatansyah(2002). &lt;i&gt;Buku Teks Ilmu Komputer – Basis Data, &lt;/i&gt;cetakan-4. Informatika&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Inmon, W.H.(2002). &lt;i&gt;Building the Data Warehouse,&lt;/i&gt;edisi-3. Wiley Computer Publishing.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Kimball,R.,Merz, R (1998). &lt;i&gt;The Data Warehouse Lifecycle Toolkit. Expert Methods for Designing, Developing and Deploying Data Warehouses. &lt;/i&gt;Wiley Computer Publishing, Canada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Mcleod,Raymond(1996). &lt;i&gt;Sistem Informasi Manajemen, &lt;/i&gt;Jilid-1. Terjemahan Teguh,H. PT. Prenhallindo, Jakarta.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Nolan,Sean And Huguelet, Tom(2000).&lt;i&gt;Microsoft SQL Server 7.0 Data Warehousing Training Kit. &lt;/i&gt;Microsoft Prees, USA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AF&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-ansi-language:AF&quot;&gt;Poe, Vidette(1998). &lt;i&gt;Building Data Warehouse for Decision Support,&lt;/i&gt; edisi-2. Prentice Hall.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2011/04/modul-datawarehouse.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-917574282408048957</guid><pubDate>Thu, 29 Jul 2010 04:24:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-07-29T11:27:42.270+07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Repository</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Ubuntu</category><title>Repository server lokal ubuntu 10.04</title><description>Bagi anda yang ingin upgrade atau install aplikasi ubuntu, ada beberapa repository lokal yang dapat anda gunakan. Selain ubuntu alamat repository diatas juga dapat digunakan untuk Distro lain yang berbasis debian. Berikut adalah daftar alamatnya :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1. Repository UGM&lt;br /&gt;deb http://repo.ugm.ac.id/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://repo.ugm.ac.id/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://repo.ugm.ac.id/ubuntu/ lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;2. Repository UI (Kambing)&lt;br /&gt;deb http://kambing.ui.edu/ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://kambing.ui.edu/ubuntu lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://kambing.ui.edu/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://kambing.ui.edu/ubuntu lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://kambing.ui.edu/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Repository Telkom &lt;br /&gt;deb http://dl2.foss-id.web.id/ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://dl2.foss-id.web.id/ubuntu lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://dl2.foss-id.web.id/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://dl2.foss-id.web.id/ubuntu lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://dl2.foss-id.web.id/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;4. Repository CBN&lt;br /&gt;deb http://ubuntu.cbn.net.id/Ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://ubuntu.cbn.net.id/Ubuntu lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://ubuntu.cbn.net.id/Ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://ubuntu.cbn.net.id/Ubuntu lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://ubuntu.cbn.net.id/Ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;5. Repository ITB &lt;br /&gt;deb ftp://ftp.itb.ac.id/pub/ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb ftp://ftp.itb.ac.id/pub/ubuntu lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb ftp://ftp.itb.ac.id/pub/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb ftp://ftp.itb.ac.id/pub/ubuntu lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb ftp://ftp.itb.ac.id/pub/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;6. Repository Indika&lt;br /&gt;deb http://ubuntu.indika.net.id/ lucid main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://ubuntu.indika.net.id/ lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://ubuntu.indika.net.id/ lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://ubuntu.indika.net.id/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://ubuntu.indika.net.id/ lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;7. Repository Komo&lt;br /&gt;deb http://komo.vlsm.org/ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://komo.vlsm.org/ubuntu lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://komo.vlsm.org/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://komo.vlsm.org/ubuntu lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://komo.vlsm.org/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;8. Repository ITS&lt;br /&gt;deb http://mirror.its.ac.id/ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://mirror.its.ac.id/ubuntu lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://mirror.its.ac.id/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;9. Repository EEPIS-ITS (Kebo)&lt;br /&gt;deb http://kebo.vlsm.org/ubuntu lucid main multiverse restricted universe&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;source: http://www.zimbio.com/member/molonk/articles/UGzlNHFFaRt/Alamat+Repository+Ubuntu+10+04</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2010/07/repository-server-lokal-ubuntu-1004.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-9124180992648841659</guid><pubDate>Tue, 27 Jul 2010 07:56:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-07-27T15:04:58.326+07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">ip</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Networking</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">subneting</category><title>Menghitung Subnetting IP.</title><description>&lt;meta equiv=&quot;content-type&quot; content=&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;lucida grande&#39;, tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; &quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Setelah dipusingkan dengan hitung hitungan ip dengan subnetmask yang sedikit &quot;ekstrim&quot; untuk diaplikasi di router kantor dan kebetulan di mata kuliah jaringan komputer juga ada materi subneting ini tapi belum diajarkan, akhirnya nemu juga referensi yang menurut saya paling mudah dimengerti. berikut petikannya :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;Penghitungan subnetting bisa dilakukan dengan dua cara, cara binary yang relatif lambat dan cara khusus yang lebih cepat. Pada hakekatnya semua pertanyaan tentang subnetting akan berkisar di empat masalah: &lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Jumlah Subnet, Jumlah Host per Subnet, Blok Subnet, dan Alamat Host- Broadcast&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;Penulisan IP address umumnya adalah dengan 192.168.1.2. Namun adakalanya ditulis dengan 192.168.1.2/24, apa ini artinya? Artinya bahwa IP address 192.168.1.2 dengan subnet mask 255.255.255.0. Lho kok bisa seperti itu? Ya, /24 diambil dari penghitungan bahwa 24 bit subnet mask diselubung dengan binari 1. Atau dengan kata lain, subnet masknya adalah: 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 (255.255.255.0). Konsep ini yang disebut dengan CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) yang diperkenalkan pertama kali tahun 1992 oleh IEFT.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;Pertanyaan berikutnya adalah Subnet Mask berapa saja yang bisa digunakan untuk melakukan subnetting? Ini terjawab dengan tabel di bawah:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;410&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Subnet Mask&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Nilai CIDR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.128.0.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.192.0.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.224.0.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/11&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.240.0.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.248.0.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/13&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.252.0.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/14&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.254.0.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/15&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.0.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/16&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.128.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/17&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.192.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.224.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/19&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Subnet Mask&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Nilai CIDR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.240.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/20&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.248.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/21&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.252.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/22&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.254.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/23&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/24&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.128&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/25&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.192&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/26&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.224&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/27&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.240&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/28&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.248&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/29&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.252&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/30&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;SUBNETTING PADA IP ADDRESS CLASS C&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;Ok, sekarang mari langsung latihan saja. Subnetting seperti apa yang terjadi dengan sebuah NETWORK ADDRESS&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.168.1.0/26&lt;/strong&gt; ?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Analisa&lt;/strong&gt;: 192.168.1.0 berarti kelas C dengan Subnet Mask /26 berarti 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 (255.255.255.192).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Penghitungan&lt;/strong&gt;: Seperti sudah saya sebutkan sebelumnya semua pertanyaan tentang subnetting akan berpusat di 4 hal, jumlah subnet, jumlah host per subnet, blok subnet, alamat host dan broadcast yang valid. Jadi kita selesaikan dengan urutan seperti itu:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 20px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; list-style-type: decimal; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Jumlah Subnet&lt;/strong&gt; = 2&lt;sup style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;x&lt;/sup&gt;, dimana x adalah banyaknya binari 1 pada oktet terakhir subnet mask (2 oktet terakhir untuk kelas B, dan 3 oktet terakhir untuk kelas A). Jadi Jumlah Subnet adalah 2&lt;sup style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 4 subnet&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Jumlah Host per Subnet&lt;/strong&gt; = 2&lt;sup style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;y&lt;/sup&gt; – 2, dimana y adalah adalah kebalikan dari x yaitu banyaknya binari 0 pada oktet terakhir subnet. Jadi jumlah host per subnet adalah 2&lt;sup style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; – 2 = 62 host&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Blok Subnet&lt;/strong&gt; = 256 – 192 (nilai oktet terakhir subnet mask) = 64. Subnet berikutnya adalah 64 + 64 = 128, dan 128+64=192. Jadi subnet lengkapnya adalah &lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0, 64, 128, 192&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Bagaimana dengan alamat &lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;host dan broadcast yang valid&lt;/strong&gt;? Kita langsung buat tabelnya. Sebagai catatan, host pertama adalah 1 angka setelah subnet, dan broadcast adalah 1 angka sebelum subnet berikutnya.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;420&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Subnet&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.168.1.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.168.1.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;64&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.168.1.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;128&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.168.1.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Host Pertama&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.168.1.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.168.1.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;65&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.168.1.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;129&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.168.1.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;193&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Host Terakhir&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.168.1.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;62&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.168.1.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;126&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.168.1.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;190&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.168.1.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;254&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Broadcast&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.168.1.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;63&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.168.1.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;127&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.168.1.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;191&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.168.1.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;Kita sudah selesaikan subnetting untuk IP address Class C. Dan kita bisa melanjutkan lagi untuk subnet mask yang lain, dengan konsep dan teknik yang sama. Subnet mask yang bisa digunakan untuk subnetting class C adalah seperti di bawah. Silakan anda coba menghitung seperti cara diatas untuk subnetmask lainnya.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Subnet Mask&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Nilai CIDR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.128&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/25&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.192&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/26&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.224&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/27&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.240&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/28&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.248&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/29&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.252&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/30&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;SUBNETTING PADA IP ADDRESS CLASS B&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;Berikutnya kita akan mencoba melakukan subnetting untuk IP address class B. Pertama, subnet mask yang bisa digunakan untuk subnetting class B adalah seperti dibawah. Sengaja saya pisahkan jadi dua, blok sebelah kiri dan kanan karena masing-masing berbeda teknik terutama untuk oktet yang “dimainkan” berdasarkan blok subnetnya. CIDR /17 sampai /24 caranya sama persis dengan subnetting Class C, hanya blok subnetnya kita masukkan langsung ke oktet ketiga, bukan seperti Class C yang “dimainkan” di oktet keempat. Sedangkan CIDR /25 sampai /30 (kelipatan) blok subnet kita “mainkan” di oktet keempat, tapi setelah selesai oktet ketiga berjalan maju (coeunter) dari 0, 1, 2, 3, dst.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;410&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Subnet Mask&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Nilai CIDR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.128.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/17&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.192.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.224.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/19&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.240.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/20&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.248.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/21&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.252.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/22&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.254.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/23&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/24&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Subnet Mask&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Nilai CIDR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.128&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/25&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.192&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/26&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.224&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/27&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.240&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/28&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.248&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/29&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255.252&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;/30&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;Ok, kita coba dua soal untuk kedua teknik subnetting untuk Class B. Kita mulai dari yang menggunakan subnetmask dengan CIDR /17 sampai /24. Contoh network address &lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.0.0/18&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Analisa&lt;/strong&gt;: 172.16.0.0 berarti kelas B, dengan Subnet Mask /18 berarti 11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000 (255.255.192.0).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Penghitungan&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 20px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; list-style-type: decimal; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Jumlah Subnet&lt;/strong&gt; = 2&lt;sup style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;x&lt;/sup&gt;, dimana x adalah banyaknya binari 1 pada 2 oktet terakhir. Jadi Jumlah Subnet adalah 2&lt;sup style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 4 subnet&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Jumlah Host per Subnet&lt;/strong&gt; = 2&lt;sup style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;y&lt;/sup&gt; – 2, dimana y adalah adalah kebalikan dari x yaitu banyaknya binari 0 pada 2 oktet terakhir. Jadi jumlah host per subnet adalah 2&lt;sup style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt; – 2 = 16.382 host&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Blok Subnet&lt;/strong&gt; = 256 – 192 = 64. Subnet berikutnya adalah 64 + 64 = 128, dan 128+64=192. Jadi subnet lengkapnya adalah &lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0, 64, 128, 192&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Alamat host dan broadcast yang valid?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;420&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Subnet&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0.0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;64.0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;128.0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Host Pertama&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;64.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;128.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;192.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Host Terakhir&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;63.254&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;127.254&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;191.254&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.254&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Broadcast&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;63.255&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;127.255&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;191.255&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;.255.255&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;Berikutnya kita coba satu lagi untuk Class B khususnya untuk yang menggunakan subnetmask CIDR /25 sampai /30. Contoh network address &lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.0.0/25&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Analisa&lt;/strong&gt;: 172.16.0.0 berarti kelas B, dengan Subnet Mask /25 berarti 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 (255.255.255.128).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Penghitungan&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 20px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; list-style-type: decimal; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Jumlah Subnet&lt;/strong&gt; = 2&lt;sup style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; = 512 subnet&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Jumlah Host per Subnet&lt;/strong&gt; = 2&lt;sup style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; – 2 = 126 host&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Blok Subnet&lt;/strong&gt; = 256 – 128 = 128. Jadi lengkapnya adalah (&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0, 128&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Alamat host dan broadcast yang valid&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;420&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Subnet&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0.0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0.128&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;1.0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;…&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.128&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Host Pertama&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0.129&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;1.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;…&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.129&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Host Terakhir&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0.126&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0.254&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;1.126&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;…&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.254&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Broadcast&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0.127&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0.255&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;1.127&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;…&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;172.16.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;Masih bingung juga? Ok sebelum masuk ke Class A, coba ulangi lagi dari Class C, dan baca pelan-pelan &lt;img class=&quot;wp-smiley&quot; src=&quot;http://romisatriawahono.net/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif&quot; alt=&quot;;)&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;SUBNETTING PADA IP ADDRESS CLASS A&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;Kalau sudah mantab dan paham, kita lanjut ke Class A. Konsepnya semua sama saja. Perbedaannya adalah di &lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;OKTET&lt;/strong&gt;mana kita mainkan blok subnet. Kalau Class C di oktet ke 4 (terakhir), kelas B di Oktet 3 dan 4 (2 oktet terakhir), kalau Class A di oktet 2, 3 dan 4 (3 oktet terakhir). Kemudian subnet mask yang bisa digunakan untuk subnetting class A adalah semua subnet mask dari CIDR /8 sampai /30.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;Kita coba latihan untuk network address &lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;10.0.0.0/16&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Analisa&lt;/strong&gt;: 10.0.0.0 berarti kelas A, dengan Subnet Mask /16 berarti 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 (255.255.0.0).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Penghitungan&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 20px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; list-style-type: decimal; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Jumlah Subnet&lt;/strong&gt; = 2&lt;sup style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt; = 256 subnet&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Jumlah Host per Subnet&lt;/strong&gt; = 2&lt;sup style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;16&lt;/sup&gt; – 2 = 65534 host&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Blok Subnet&lt;/strong&gt; = 256 – 255 = 1. Jadi subnet lengkapnya: 0,1,2,3,4, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Alamat host dan broadcast yang valid&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;420&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Subnet&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;10.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0.0.0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;10.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;1.0.0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;…&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;10.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;254.0.0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;10.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.0.0&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Host Pertama&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;10.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0.0.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;10.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;1.0.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;…&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;10.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;254.0.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;10.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.0.1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Host Terakhir&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;10.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0.255.254&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;10.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;1.255.254&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;…&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;10.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;254.255.254&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;10.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.254&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Broadcast&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;10.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;0.255.255&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;10.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;1.255.255&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;…&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;10.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;254.255.255&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;10.&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;255.255.255&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;Mudah-mudahan sudah setelah anda membaca paragraf terakhir ini, anda sudah memahami penghitungan subnetting dengan baik. Kalaupun belum paham juga, anda ulangi terus artikel ini pelan-pelan dari atas. Untuk teknik hapalan subnetting yang lebih cepat, tunggu di artikel berikutnya &lt;img class=&quot;wp-smiley&quot; src=&quot;http://romisatriawahono.net/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif&quot; alt=&quot;;)&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;Catatan&lt;/strong&gt;: Semua penghitungan subnet diatas berasumsikan bahwa IP Subnet-Zeroes (dan IP Subnet-Ones) dihitung secara default. Buku versi terbaru Todd Lamle dan juga CCNA setelah 2005 sudah mengakomodasi masalah IP Subnet-Zeroes (dan IP Subnet-Ones) ini. CCNA pre-2005 tidak memasukkannya secara default (meskipun di kenyataan kita bisa mengaktifkannya dengan command ip subnet-zeroes), sehingga mungkin dalam beberapa buku tentang CCNA serta soal-soal test CNAP, anda masih menemukan rumus penghitungan Jumlah Subnet = 2&lt;sup style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; &quot;&gt;x&lt;/sup&gt; – 2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;Tahap berikutnya adalah silakan download dan kerjakan &lt;a href=&quot;http://romisatriawahono.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/02/romi-subnetting-soal.pdf&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; color: rgb(59, 89, 152); text-decoration: none; &quot;&gt;soal latihan subnetting&lt;/a&gt;. Jangan lupa mengikuti artikel tentang&lt;a href=&quot;http://romisatriawahono.net/2007/05/07/pola-soal-subnetting-dan-teknik-mengerjakan/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; color: rgb(59, 89, 152); text-decoration: none; &quot;&gt;Teknik Mengerjakan Soal Subnetting&lt;/a&gt; untuk memperkuat pemahaman anda dan meningkatkan kemampuan dalam mengerjakan soal dalam waktu terbatas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;Source &lt;a href=&quot;http://romisatriawahono.net/2006/02/11/memahami-penghitungan-subnetting-dengan-mudah/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; color: rgb(59, 89, 152); text-decoration: none; &quot;&gt;Mas Rommy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 15px; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2010/07/menghitung-subnetting-ip.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-993836702245439757</guid><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jul 2010 04:22:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-07-10T11:28:08.651+07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">IMK</category><title>Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer Bab 4</title><description>&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Menu, Formulir, dan &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kotak Dialog&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Organisasi Semantik Menu&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Single Menu&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Binary menus&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Multiple selection menus&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Single Menu (Lanj.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pull-down and pop-up menus&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Single Menu (Lanj.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Scrolling and two-dimensional menus&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Single Menu (Lanj.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Alphasliders&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Embedded links&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Iconic menus, toolbars, or palettes&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Linear Sequences &amp;amp; Multiple Menus&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tree-Structured Menus&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ketika kumpulan item berkembang dan menjadi sulit dipelihara dalam kendali intelektual, perancang dapat membentuk kategori item-item yang serupa, membentuk struktur tree.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Contoh pengelompokan:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Laki-laki, perempuan&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hewan, sayuran, mineral&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fonts, size, style, spacing&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tree-Structured Menus (Lanj.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Depth versus Breadth:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Depth: jumlah level.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Breadth: jumlah item per level.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pengelompokan semantik:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kelompokkan item-item yang serupa secara logis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Bentuk kelompok yang melingkupi semua kemungkinan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pastikan item tidak overlap.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Gunakan peristilahan yang dikenal.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Acyclic &amp;amp; Cyclic Menu Networks&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kadang-kadang lebih cocok daripada struktur tree.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Memungkinkan jalur dari bagian tree yang berbeda, tidak mengharuskan pemakai memulai dari menu utama.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Secara alami terdapat pada:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hubungan sosial.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Jalur transportasi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kutipan dalam jurnal ilmiah.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Membutuhkan penelusuran balik.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Urut-urutan Presentasi Item&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ketika item-item menu telah dipilih, urutan presentasinya perlu diperhatikan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beberapa dasar pengurutan:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Waktu (kronologis).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Numeris (menaik atau menurun).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sifat fisik (panjang, luas, volume dsb. Secara menaik atau menurun).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Urut-urutan Presentasi Item (Lanj.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Banyak kasus pengurutan tidak mempunyai aturan pengurutan yang berhubungan dengan tugas, sehingga perlu dipertimbangkan:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pengurutan alfabetis istilah-istilah.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pengelompokan item-item serupa (dibatasi dengan pemisah antarkelompok).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Yang sering digunakan ditempatkan di awal.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Yang paling penting ditempatkan di awal.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pergerakan Cepat pada Menu&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Menu dengan typeahead&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nama menu atau bookmarks&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Menu macros&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Menu dengan Typeahead&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Penting jika menu sudah sering digunakan sementara waktu respons atau kecepatan tampil lambat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pendekatan BLT (Bacon, Lettuce, Tomato Sandwich): pembentukan mnemonik dari penggabungan huruf-huruf pilihan menu.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nama Menu atau Bookmarks&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Penamaan sederhana memudahkan pemakai mengakses menu secara langsung.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Web browser menyediakan bookmarks atau favorites sebagai jalan pintas bagi pemakai untuk menuju situs yang pernah dikunjungi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Menu Macros&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Perintah yang sering digunakan dapat direkam dan disimpan sebagai makro.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pada beberapa software, makro dapat ditempatkan di toolbar sebagai ikon.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tata Letak Menu&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Judul&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Penamaan pilihan menu&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tata letak dan desain grafis&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tata Letak Menu: Judul&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Menu tunggal: Judul yang deskriptif.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Menu tree: Nama pilihan harus sama dengan judul halaman yang dipanggil.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tata Letak Menu: Penamaan Pilihan Menu&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Gunakan peristilahan yang dikenal dan konsisten.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pastikan item dapat dibedakan dari pilihan lain.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Gunakan pemilihan kata yang konsisten dan singkat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tempatkan kata kunci di kiri.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tata Letak Menu: Tata Letak dan Desain Grafis&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Perhatikan kendala seperti lebar dan tinggi layar, kecepatan tampil, character set, dan highlighting.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Buat pedoman/panduan untuk komponen-komponen: judul, penempatan item, petunjuk, pesan kesalahan, dan laporan status.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Formulir Isian&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Formulir isian cocok dipakai jika banyak field data dibutuhkan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pendekatan formulir isian menarik karena:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kelengkapan penuh informasi terlihat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Seperti formulir kertas.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sedikit petunjuk diperlukan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pedoman Perancangan Formulir Isian&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Judul yang berarti.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Instruksi yang dapat dipahami.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pengelompokan dan pengurutan field yang logis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tata letak yang menarik secara fisual.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Label field yang dikenal.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pedoman Perancangan Formulir Isian (Lanj.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ruang kosong dan batas field yang perlu diisi harus jelas terlihat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pergerakan kursor yang leluasa.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Koreksi kesalahan untuk karakter dan field.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pencegahan kesalahan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pesan kesalahan untuk nilai yang tak dapat diterima.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pedoman Perancangan Formulir Isian (Lanj.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Field optional jelas ditandai, atau sebaliknya field yang wajib diisi ditandai.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pesan penjelasan bagi field jika perlu.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tanda selesai. Hindari penyelesaian automatis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beberapa Variasi Isian Field&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Combo box: kombinasi list box dan text box.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Coded fields: mempunyai mask untuk format isian khusus. Mis.:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Telepon – (___)___-_____&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Social Security Number – ___-__-____&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Waktu – __:__ __&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tanggal – __/__/____&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nilai uang – $_____.00 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Contoh&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kotak Dialog&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kotak dialog adalah kombinasi teknik menu dan formulir isian yang banyak digunakan di GUI modern.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Perlu diperhatikan:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tata letak internal kotak dialog&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hubungan eksternal kotak dialog&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pedoman Tata Letak Internal Kotak Dialog&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Judul berarti, gaya konsisten.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pengurutan dari atas kiri ke bawah kanan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pengelompokan dan penegasan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tata letak yang konsisten.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Peristilahan, font, penggunaan huruf besar, justifikasi yang konsisten.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tombol standar (OK, Cancel).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pencegahan kesalahan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pedoman Hubungan Eksternal Kotak Dialog&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Penampilan dan penutupan halus.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dapat dibedakan tapi batasnya kecil.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ukuran cukup kecil (minimalkan overlap).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dekat dengan item yang sesuai.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tidak menghalangi item yang harus dilihat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mudah ditutup (dibuat menghilang).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Jelas penyelesaian/pembatalannya.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Contoh Kotak Dialog&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Contoh Kotak Dialog&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2010/07/interaksi-manusia-dan-komputer-bab-4.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-8843029940614245534</guid><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jul 2010 04:09:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-07-10T11:15:40.065+07:00</atom:updated><title>PARADIGMA DAN PRINSIP PENGGUNAAN KOMPUTER</title><description>&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pendahuluan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:44pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.15%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Hal-hal yang harus diperhatikan: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.48%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Bgm pengembangan suatu sistem interaktif untuk memastikan tingkat kegunaannya &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.04%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Bagaimana tingkat kegunaan dari sistem interaktif diukur &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.15%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pendekatan: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.52%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Paradigma untuk tingkat kegunaan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.06%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Contoh-contoh teknik interaksi yang sukses &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.52%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Prinsip untuk tingkat kegunaan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.58%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Teori pendorong dari aspek pengetahuan psikologi,komputasi dan sosiologi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if ppt]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;visibility: hidden; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.52%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:468; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:24pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Paradigma untuk tingkat kegunaan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:40pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.23%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Time-sharing (pembagian waktu) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.41%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tahun 1940-50an – pertumbuhan teknologi meledak &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.2%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Komputer tunggal melayani banyak pengguna &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.23%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Video display unit &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.6%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Lebih banyak media yang lebih layak dibandingkan dengan kertas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.1%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Komputer untuk visualisasi dan manipulasi data &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if ppt]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;visibility: hidden; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-4.23%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:32pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.68%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Perkakas pemrograman (programming toolkits) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.43%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Perkakas pemrograman yang baik menyediakan blok pembangun untuk menghasilkan sistem interaktif yang kompleks &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.07%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Komputasi personal &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.46%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Suatu sistem lebih berdaya guna disebabkan ia lebih mudah untuk penggunanya &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.85%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Masa depan komputasi pada mesin yang kecil,berdayaguna yang didedikasikan untuk individu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:468; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:24pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.32%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Sistem Windows dan antarmuka WIMP &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.31%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Manusia dapat mengerjakan lebih dari satu tugas dalam waktu bersamaan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Windows digunakan untuk pemartisian dialog &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.28%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Windows,Icon,Menus dan Pointer(WIMP) sekarang merupakan mekanisme interaksi yang familiar dengan pengguna &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.32%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Metafora &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.25%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Menghubungkan komputer ke aktifitas dunia-nyata adalahteknik pembelajaran yang efektif &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet; position:absolute;left:-3.19%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Manajemen file pada aplikasi office di komputer &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet; position:absolute;left:-3.19%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Proses penulisan pada perangkat lunak pengolah kata &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet; position:absolute;left:-3.19%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Analisis keuangan pada lembar kerja &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Permasalahan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet; position:absolute;left:-2.88%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Beberapa tugas tidak dapat memenuhi metafora yang ada karena terpengaruh oleh bias pada budaya &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:720; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Prinsip untuk mendukung tingkat kegunaan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:40pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.1%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tingkat pembelajaran (learnability) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.91%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pengurangan dengan mana pengguna baru dapat memulai interaksi efektif dan mencapai kinerja maksimal &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.1%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Kelenturan (fleksibilitas) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.17%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pelbagai jalan yang ada dimana pengguna dan sistem bertukar informasi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.1%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Kehandalan (robustness) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.21%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tingkat dukungan yang disediakan kepada pengguna dalam menentukan pecapaian sukses dan taksiran perilaku yang mengarah pada tujuan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if ppt]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;visibility: hidden; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-4.1%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if ppt]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;visibility: hidden; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.02%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; Prinsip Pembelajaran&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:720; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 59px; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.21%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pemrediksian (preditability) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.36%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Menentukan efek dari tindakan di masa mendatang berdasarkan sejarah interaksi masa lalu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.59%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Visibilitas operasi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.21%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pemaduan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.59%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Taksiran efek dari aksi-aksi masa lalu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.21%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Keterbiasaan (familiarity) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.08%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Bagaiman pengetahuan sebelumnya diaplikasikan pada sistem baru &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.59%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Keterkiraan,kemampuan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:468; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:24pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.1%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Keumuman (generalizability) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.01%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Memperluas pengetahuan interaksi spesifik pada situasi baru &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.1%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Konsistensi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.91%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Kesamaan dalam perilaku input/output yang timbul dari situasi atau tujuan tugas yang serupa &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:468; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:28pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Prinsip Kelenturan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:44pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.32%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Inisiatif dialog &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.32%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Multithreading (Galur Jamak) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.8%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Customizability (kemudahan penggantian) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;!--[if ppt]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;visibility: hidden; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.32%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216;mso-char-wrap: 1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:32pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Prinsip Kehandalan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:44pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.1%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Observabilitas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.91%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Kemampuan pengguna untuk mengevaluasi status internal sistem dari representasi yang dirasakan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.49%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Kemampuan melihat-lihat; default;ketergapaian;visibilitas operasi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.1%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Recoverability &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.93%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Kemampuan pengguna untuk mengambil tindakan pembenaran sekali suatu kesalahan dikenali &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:468; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:28pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.08%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tanggpan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.38%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Bagaimana pengguna mempersepsikan rating komunikasi dengan sistem &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.87%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Stabilitas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.08%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Kesesuaian tugas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.4%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Derajat dimana pelayanan sistem mendukung semua tugas-tugas pengguna &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.87%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Kelengkapan tugas;kecukupan tugas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216;mso-char-wrap: 1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;  &lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2010/07/paradigma-dan-prinsip-penggunaan.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-3611856518236054335</guid><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jul 2010 04:01:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-07-10T11:06:52.978+07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">IMK</category><title>Komputer dalam kuliah IMK</title><description>&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Sistem Komputer Secara Umum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:44pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.77%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Sistem Komputer memiliki bbrp peralatan spt ini: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.77%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Layar atau monitor, dimana terdpt bbrp &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.82%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Windows – area-area berbeda yg berjln scr mandiri satu dgn lainnya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.77%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Keyboard &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.77%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Mouse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.1%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Peralatan2 ini menentukan gaya interaksi yg didukung oleh sistem. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.56%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Jika kita menggunakan peralatan yg berbeda,maka antarmuka akan mendukung gaya interaksi yg berbeda &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:28pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Peralatan Masukan Teks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:44pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.23%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Keyboard &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.6%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Peralatan masukan umum &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.27%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Memiliki layout yg terstandarisasi (QWERTY) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.13%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Penyusunan tombol2 karakter QWERTY tdklah optimal utk layout pengetikan bg para penggunanya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.1%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Desain Keyboard yg lain mjdkan pengetikan lbh cepat tp masy sdh terlanjur berbasiskan pengetikan QWERTY shg menyebabkan keengganan untuk berubah.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:468; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:28pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.92%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Keyboard yang lain &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Alfabetik &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.03%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tombol2 diatur berdsrkn urutan abjad &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O3&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet; position:absolute;left:-3.23%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tdk lebih cpt buat pengetik yg telah dilatih &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O3&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet; position:absolute;left:-3.23%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Juga tdk lebih cepat buat para pengetik pemula. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.71%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Dvorak &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.03%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Huruf yg sering dipakai ditempatkan pd jari2 yg dominan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.03%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Condong/bias pada pemakai tangan kanan(bukan kidal) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.78%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Kombinasi umum dr karakter berganti-ganti diantara 2 tangan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.54%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Peningkatan kecepatan sampai 10-15% dan mengurangi kelelahan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:720; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:20pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.97%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Chord Keyboard &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.48%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Hanya sedikit tombol yg digunakan- empat atau lima &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.18%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Huruf diketikkan sebagai kombinasi dr penekanan tombol &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.66%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Berukuran kompak – ideal utk aplikasi yg portable &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.75%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Waktu belajar yg singkat – penekanan tombol merefleksikan bentuk dr huruf yg dinginkan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.75%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Cepat pengetikannya &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.19%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Penolakan dr masy (terbiasa QWERTY), ditambah lg dgn kelelahan yg terjadi stlh pemakaian dlm waktu lama &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:468; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:24pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.92%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pengenal tulisan tangan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.1%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Teks yg ditulis dgn tangan dpt dimasukan kedlm komputer, menggunakan sebuah pena komputer dan tablet digital. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.03%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Bentuk umum dr interaksi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.7%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Memiliki permasalahan2 dlm &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.53%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Mendptkn semua informasi yg berguna – alur goresan, tekanan, dll, dlm perilaku yg alamiah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.01%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Memilah penulisan gabungan k dalam huruf2 yg terpisah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.03%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Interpretasi huruf-huruf sec individu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.03%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Penguasaan atas gaya penulisan tangan yg berbeda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.23%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Alat Organizer sdh ada di pasaran, yg dpt menangani teknologi pengenalan tulisan tangan dan menyingkirkan penggunaan keyboard besar yg memakan tempat. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.2%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pengenal Suara &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.11%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Alat yg menjanjikan,namun hanya sukses dalam situasi terbatas – pengguna tunggal, sistem kosa kata terbatas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.58%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Terdapat masalah dgn &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.11%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Adanya gangguan eksternal &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.11%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ketidaktepatan pada pelafalan/cara pengucapan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.11%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Aksen dll &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if ppt]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;visibility: hidden; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.11%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.14%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Mouse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.96%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Peralatan utk memindah dan menunjuk posisi di layar. Sgt umum dan gampang digunakan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.51%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;2 karakteristik &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.83%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pergerakan mendatar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.83%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Adanya tombol-tombol &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.51%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pergerakan relatif hanya jika terdeteksi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.49%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pergerakan mouse menggerakkan cursor di layar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.42%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Merupakan peralatan manipulasi sec tdk langsung &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.42%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Peralatannya sendiri tdk mengaburkan/mengganggu layar,juga ia akurat dan cepat &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.5%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Dapat mengarah pd masalah koordinasi tangan-mata berkaitan dengan ketidaklangsungan manipulasi. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if ppt]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;visibility: hidden; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.51%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.02%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Bgm cara kerjanya? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.8%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;2 metode utk mendeteksi pergerakan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.68%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Mekanik – bola didalam mouse bergerak saat mouse digerakkan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.11%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Optik – LED didalam mouse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if ppt]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;visibility: hidden; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.11%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Peralatan Penempatan Posisi yg Lain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.07%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Joystick &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.07%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Trackball &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.07%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;TouchScreen (Layar Sentuh) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.07%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Light Pen (Pena Cahaya) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.07%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tablet Digital &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.07%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tombol-tombol kursor &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Peralatan Output&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.13%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Layar Komputer (CRT) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.51%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Keuntungan CRT &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.83%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Murah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.83%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Cukup cepat untuk animasi yg butuh kecepatan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.83%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Kemampuan warna yg tinggi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.83%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Penambahan resolusi menambahi jg harganya &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.51%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Kerugian &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.83%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Bentuknya besar sekali &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.46%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Mslh dgn ‘jaggies’, garis diagonal yg harus terpotong dlm rangka proses pemindaian horizontal raster. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.38%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Mslh ‘jaggies’ dpt dikurangi dengan menggunakan layar beresolusi tinggi. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.83%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Flicker &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.33%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;LCD &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.42%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Lebih kecil, lebih ringan, tanpa mslh radiasi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.69%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pengalamatan matriks &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.27%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tingkat kelelahan yg ditimbulkan lebih sedikit dibandingkan CRT. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.69%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Warna dimungkinkan untuk diwujudkan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pencetakan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.94%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Printer Dot-Matrix &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.94%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Printer Ink-Jet &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.94%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Printer Suhu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.94%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Printer Laser &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Font&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.69%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Mengacu pada gaya teks tertentu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.69%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Jenis-jenis Font &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.58%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ukuran font ditentukan dalam point &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Scanner dan Pengenal Karakter Optik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.13%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Scanner &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.28%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Memindai kertas dan mengubahnya kedalam bentuk bitmap &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.51%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;2 jenis scanner &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.05%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Flat-Bed &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.05%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Hand-held &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.13%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Optical Recognition Character (OCR) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.95%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Mengkonversikan bitmap kembali kedalam bentuk teks &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if ppt]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;visibility: hidden; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.51%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:720; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; &gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 27px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2010/07/komputer-dalam-kuliah-imk.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-5237714466792379829</guid><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jul 2010 03:55:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-07-10T10:59:03.074+07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">IMK</category><title>Manusia dalam kuliah IMK</title><description>&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Saluran Input-Output&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:44pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.49%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pandangan(Vision) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.06%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Penerimaan fisik dari suatu stimulus &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.76%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pengolahan dan interpretasi dari stimulus &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.49%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Alat Fisik : Mata &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if ppt]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;visibility: hidden; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-4.49%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:32pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Interpretasi Sinyal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:44pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.58%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ukuran kedalaman &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.91%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Sudut pandangan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.91%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ketajaman pandangan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.32%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Kecemerlangan Cahaya (Brightness) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.58%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Warna (hue,intensity,saturation) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if ppt]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;visibility: hidden; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.91%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:468; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:28pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Membaca&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:44pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.13%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Beberapa langkah: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.51%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pola visual yang terpersepsikan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.96%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Di-decodekan menggunakan representasi internal bahasa &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.95%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Diinterpretasikan menggunakan pengetahuan dari sintaks, semantik, dan pragmatik &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.57%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Membaca melibatkan saccades dan fixations &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:32pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Mendengarkan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:44pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.32%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Menyediakan informasi mengenai lingkungan: jarak, arah,objek dll. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.38%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Alat fisik: telinga (bagian luar, tengah, dalam) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.53%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Sound (Suara): pitch (frek.suara), loudness (amplitudo), timbre (kualitas suara) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.95%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Range suara : 20 Hz – 15 KHz &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216;mso-char-wrap: 1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 32pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Sentuhan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:44pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.23%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Indra kunci untuk orang yang memiliki kekurangan pada pandangannya  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.53%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Stimulus diterima melalui kulit: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.88%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Thermoreceptors – panas dan dingin &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.88%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Nociceptor – sakit &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.88%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Mechanoreceptors - tekanan  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:468; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:28pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Gerakan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:44pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.8%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Waktu yang diperlukan untuk menanggapi stimulus:waktu reaksi+waktu gerak &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.45%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Waktu gerak: tergantung pada usia,kebugaran dll &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.52%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Waktu reaksi: tergantung pada jenis stimulus: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.5%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Visual – 200 ms &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.5%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Auditory – 150 ms &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.5%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pain – 700 ms &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if ppt]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;visibility: hidden; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.5%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:468; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:28pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Memory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:44pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.46%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Memori jangka pendek &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-5.46%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Memori jangka panjang &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216;mso-char-wrap: 1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216;mso-char-wrap: 1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2010/07/manusia-dalam-kuliah-imk.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-3716068398584642817</guid><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jul 2010 03:52:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-07-10T10:54:52.578+07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">IMK</category><title>Teori dan Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer</title><description>&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:133%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.16%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tidak ada teori umum dan terpadu mengenainya &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.53%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tiga kata yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan keberhasilan: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.36%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space:pre&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;-Useful&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; (berguna), dapat menyelesaikan apa yang dibutuhkan: memainkan musik, memasaka makanan, memformat makanan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.32%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space:pre&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;-Usable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; (dapat digunakan), dapat dikerjakan dengan muda dan alamiah, tanpa adanya bahaya kesalahan, dll &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.01%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space:pre&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;-Used (digunakan), membuat orang yang menggunakannya, menarik, perlu untuk digunakan, menyenangkan, dll &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.16%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;IMK membutuhkan baik ketrampilan dan juga ilmu pengetahuan untuk mencapai keberhasilannya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Fokus Desain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.8%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Tak ada yang namanya proses sekali jadi! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space:pre&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;-Berpikirlah seperti “pengguna” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space:pre&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;-Cobalah itu lebih dulu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space:pre&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;-Libatkanlah pengguna &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space:pre&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;-Iterasilah proses-proses ini &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if ppt]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;visibility: hidden; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute; left:-3.54%&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2010/07/teori-dan-interaksi-manusia-dan.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-7962632070411034214</guid><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jul 2010 03:48:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-07-10T10:51:09.620+07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">IMK</category><title>Siapakah yang terlibat dalam IMK itu?</title><description>&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:111%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.25%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Siapa yangterlibat dalam IMK? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet; position:absolute;left:-3.61%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;IMK adalah subjek yang multi-disiplin &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet; position:absolute;left:-3.61%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pendesainan sustu sistem yang interaktif melibatkan: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.13%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;- Ilmu Psikologi dan cognitive &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O3&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-2.91%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space:pre&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;-Pengetahuan mengenai persepsi pengguna,cognitive dan ketrampilan penyelesaian masalah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.13%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;- Ergonomi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O3&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.34%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space:pre&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;-Kemampuan fisik pengguna &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.13%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;- Sosiologi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O3&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.34%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space:pre&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;-Konteks dari interaksi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.13%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;- Ilmu dan rekayasa/teknik komputer &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O3&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.34%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space:pre&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;-Mampu untuk membangun teknologi yang diperlukan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.13%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;- Bisnis &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O3&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.34%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space:pre&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;-Mampu untuk memasarkannya &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.13%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;- Desain Grafik &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O3&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.34%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space:pre&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;-Presentasi antarmuka yang efektif &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.13%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;- Penulisan Ilmiah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O3&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.34%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space:pre&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;-Menghasilkan (buku) manual &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2010/07/siapakah-yang-terlibat-dalam-imk-itu.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-828616472384772428</guid><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jul 2010 03:47:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-07-10T10:48:25.724+07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">IMK</category><title>Apakah Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer itu?</title><description>&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216;mso-char-wrap: 1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:111%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.43%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Dimulai ketika pabrik-pabrik dalam memproduksi menekankan pada tugas-tugas manual &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.46%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Pada perang dunia kedua, IMK menghasilkan lebih banyak sistem senjata yang lebih efektif, berdasarkan asosiasi riset ergonomi di amerika tahun 1949. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.54%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Secara tradisional, ergonomi berhubungan dengan karakteristik fisik dari sistem dan mesin dan bagaiman hal-hal ini mempengaruhi kinerja pengguna. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.51%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Faktor-faktor manusia, termasuk dalam masalah2 yang dibahas dan juga akan banyak lagi masalah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;cognitive &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.65%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;IMK juga memperhatikan kinerja pengguna dalam konteks sembarang sistem, apakah komputer, mekanik atau pun manual. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.79%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Interaksi diantara manusia dan komputer dengan aspek-aspek fisik, psikologi dan teoritis dari proses ini. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216;mso-char-wrap: 1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2010/07/apakah-interaksi-manusia-dan-komputer.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-6721611908069645793</guid><pubDate>Sat, 10 Jul 2010 03:36:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-07-10T10:46:57.473+07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">IMK</category><title>Mengapa Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer?</title><description>&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; &gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 53px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;  &lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Mengapa Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; &quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.91%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Contoh: tombol pilhan untuk &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Save &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(menyimpan) and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Delete&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; (menghapus) pada menu di suatu aplikasi yang ada di komputer kita &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.5%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Kesalahan penerapan pilihan akan berakibat kehilangan beberapa jam kerja -&gt;menjadi bencana &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.12%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Meskipun sebisa mungkin dibuat &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;user friendly&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; dan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;easy to use &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;-&gt;kesalahan masih terjadi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:40pt;color:black;mso-color-index:3&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.65%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Contoh yang lain: masalah pada VCR untuk menyimpan program2 pada TV kitga. Karena terlalu sederhananya malahan membuat kita bingung dalam penggunaannya. Di sisi lain ada contoh yang malahan berbahaya jika terlalu banyak tombol pada radio di mobil kita untuk seseorang yang lagi mengemudikan mobil. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;!--[if ppt]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;visibility: hidden; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-4.17%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; •&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Dari sini dapat dilihat pada peralatan2/sistem harus didesain dengan memperhatikan dan menghargai pekerjaan yang dilakukan orang sehari-hari &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.76%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Tidak semua desain itu berdasarkan intuisi dan sulit juga membuat desain sistem yang konsisten dan handal dalam bekerjanya untuk menangani semua perilaku pengguna yang seringkali ceroboh &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.63%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Antarmuka/Interface tidak dapat diterapkan pada saat-saat akhir, harus dikembangkan secara integral dgn keseluruhan sistem. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format: bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.86%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;TIdak sekedar menampilkan ”wajah yang cantik” dalam tampilannya, namun harus mendukung tugas-tugas yang benar-benar diinginkan orang untuk dikerjakan,dan memaafkan kesalahan akibat kecerobohan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216;mso-char-wrap: 1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:24pt&quot;&gt;&lt;p:colorscheme colors=&quot;#ffffff,#000000,#808080,#000000,#bbe0e3,#333399,#009999,#99cc00&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div shape=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot;&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.83%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Di Amerika, standar badan kesehatan dan keselamatan nasionalnya mewajibkan produsen untuk menyediakan lingkungan pekerjaan sengan sistem komputer yang berguna: tak sekedar aman tapi juga berguna. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.43%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Misal: mewajibkan produsen untuk memastikan bahwa hal-hal dibawah ini dalam pendesainan,pemilihan, pembuatan atau pengubahan perangkat lunak: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.49%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Pantas untuk meja kerjanya &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.21%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Mudah untuk digunakan dan jika diperlukan, gampang mengikuti pengetahuan dan pengalaman pengguna &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.49%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Menyediakan umpanbalik pada kinerjanya &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.33%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Menampilkan informasi dalam format dan dalam langkah yang disesuaikan dengan penggunanya &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-3.49%&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Memenuhi “prinsip-prinsip ergonomi perangkat lunak” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;O1&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 20 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:468; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:20pt&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;O&quot; style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;90 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216; mso-char-wrap:1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;80 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216;mso-char-wrap: 1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;mso-line-spacing:&amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;;mso-margin-left-alt:216;mso-char-wrap: 1;mso-kinsoku-overflow:1&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p:colorscheme&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2010/07/mengapa-interaksi-manusia-dan-komputer.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-2083816101208190054</guid><pubDate>Thu, 12 Nov 2009 01:55:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-11-12T08:56:51.791+07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Windows</category><title>Kumpulan Shortcut Windows</title><description>&lt;div class=&quot;entry&quot;&gt;     &lt;div class=&quot;snap_preview&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Apabila Anda sering mengetik menggunakan Microsoft Word, anda pasti sering menggunakan tombol-tombol pintas (shortcut) seperti CTRL+C (untuk meng-copy teks), CTRL+S (untuk menyimpan dokumen) atau yang lain. Tombol-tombol shortcut tersebut sangat membantu karena lebih praktis dan cepat, jadi tidak perlu lagi susah-susah meng-klik menu yang notabene membuang waktu dan membosankan. Dalam tulisan ini akan dilampirkan tombol-tombol shortcut beserta penjelasannya.&lt;br /&gt;Daftar tombol shorcut yang dijelaskan pada tulisan ini diambil dari dokumentasi Microsoft Word 2003, jadi bagi anda yang menggunakan versi Word di bawah versi 2003, kemungkinan akan menemukan beberapa shorcut yang tidak berfungsi sebagaimana yang dijelaskan. Namun tidak perlu kecewa, karena kebanyakan shorcut-shorcut yang dijelaskan di tulisan ini berlaku di semua versi Microsoft Word. Nah, semoga tulisan ini bisa bermanfaat dan selamat mencoba.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;more-43&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Di bawah ini kumpulan shortcut yang dapat Anda gunakan, yang dibagi menjadi beberapa kelompok, yaitu :&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. Berhubungan Dengan Dokumen dan Jendela dokumen/window&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;CTRL+N Membuat dokumen baru&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+O Membuka dokumen.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+S Menyimpan dokumen yang sedang dibuka/diedit&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+W Menutup dokumen. Jika dokumen belum disimpan, akan muncul kotak dialog yang menanyakan apakah dokumen ingin disimpan atau tidak.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+ALT+S Membagi (split) jendela dokumen menjadi dua bagian. Setelah mengetik CTRL+ALT+ S, klik pada posisi yang diinginkan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+ALT+C Menutup kembali jendela dokumen yang telah dibagi dua bagian / displit (CTRL+ALT+ S)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+ALT+P Mengubah tampilan dokumen menjadi tampilan Print Layout. Lihat menu View&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+ALT+O Mengubah tampilan dokumen menjadi tampilan outline. Lihat menu View&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+ALT+N Mengubah tampilan dokumen menjadi tampilan Normal. Lihat menu View&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+R Mengubah tampilan dokumen menjadi tampilan Reading. Lihat menu View&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Berhubungan Dengan Pencarian dan Penelusuran Dalam Dokumen&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+F Mencari teks atau objek spesial lainnya dalam dokumen&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+Y Melanjutkan pencarian CTRL+F setelah kotak dialog pencarian ditutup&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+H Mencari teks tertentu di dalam dokumen kemudian menimpanya/menggantinya dengan teks lain&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+G Cara singkat untuk menuju ke suatu halaman, bookmark, footnote, tabel, komentar (comment), gambar,atau ke lokasi tertentu lainnya.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+Z Pindah ke dokumen lain, atau ke bagian lain dalam dokumen, atau antar dokumen dengan email yang diedit di MS Word.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Tombol arah/panah:&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ←  ↑  →  ↓ Menggerakkan kursor sesuai arah tanda panah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; PAGE UP atau PAGE DOWN Pindah ke atas batas atau ke bawah batas halaman yang ditampilkan di monitor&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+PAGE UP Pindah ke awal tampilan di monitor&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+PAGE DOWN Pindah ke akhir tampilan di monitor&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+HOME Pindah ke awal dokumen&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+END Pindah ke akhir dokumen&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; HOME Pindah ke awal baris&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; END Pindah ke akhir baris&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Berhubungan Dengan Cetak/Print dan Print Preview&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;CTRL+P Cetak dokumen (membuka kotak dialog Print)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+I&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Atau&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+F2 Pindah ke tampilan print preview atau sebaliknya ke tampilan standar&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tombol arah / panah:&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ←  ↑  →  ↓ Pindah ke halaman tertentu sesuai arah panah dalam tampilan print preview&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;PAGE UP atau PAGE DOWN Pindah ke halaman sebelumnya atau sesudahnya dalam tampilan print preview&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;CTRL+HOME Pindah ke halaman pertama dalam tampilan print preview&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;CTRL+END Pindah ke halaman terakhir dalam tampilan print preview&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Berhubungan Dengan Footnote dan Endnote&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;ALT+CTRL+F Menambahkan footnote&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+D Menambahkan endnote&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Berhubungan Dengan delete, copy dan move&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;BACKSPACE Menghapus satu karakter ke kiri&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+BACKSPACE Menghapus satu kata ke kiri&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; DELETE Menghapus satu karakter ke kanan&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+DELETE Menghapus satu kata ke kanan&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+X Cut : Mengambil teks/gambar&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+C Copy: menduplikat teks/gambar&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+C, C Memunculkan daftar teks yang telah di-copy atau di-cut&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; F2 Memindahkan teks atau gambar. Caranya: pilih dulu (sorot) teks yg akan dipindahkan, lalu tekan F2, lalu klik pada posisi dimana teks tersebut akan dipindahkan, lalu tekan ENTER.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+V Paste: menyisipkan teks/gambar yang telah di-cut atau di-copy.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. Berhubungan dengan Karakter/simbol spesial&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;CTRL+F9 Membuat sebuah field&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+ENTER Membuat baris baru&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+ENTER Membuat halaman baru&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER Membuat bagian dokumen baru. Bagian yang baru ini bukan lanjutan dari halaman sebelumnya, jadi nomor halamannya bisa dimulai dari yang baru, atau orientasi halamannya (portrait/landscape) bisa beda.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR Membuat spasi yang tidak bisa dipisahkan. Maksudnya seolah-olah dua kata yang berada di antara spasi tersebut tetap berada dalam satu baris.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+C Simbol Copyright ( © )&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+R Simbol Registered Trademark ( ® )&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+T Simbol Trademark ( ™ )&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; “kode simbol”, ALT+X Memasukkan simbol tertentu. Caranya: tulis dulu kode simbolnya, lalu tekan ALT+X. Daftar simbol dan kodenya dapat anda lihat pada menu “Insert”, “Symbol…”, lalu pilih tab Symbol. Contoh : untuk menulis simbol ∑ , ketik 2211 lalu tekan ALT+X. Kode simbol berupa kode Unicode (Hexadesimal).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+”kode simbol” Memasukkan simbol tertentu sesuai dengan kode simbolnya (desimal ANSI). Kode simbolnya berupa angka-angka yang harus diketikkan melalui Keypad Numeric. Daftar simbol dan kodenya dapat anda lihat pada menu “Insert”, “Symbol…”, lalu pilih tab Symbol.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4. Berhubungan dengan menyorot / memblok teks&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;SHIFT+”tombol panah”&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Atau&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+”klik mouse” Menyorot teks. Caranya: tekan tombol SHIFT (jangan dulu dilepas) lalu tekan tombol tanda panah atau klik di tempat yang diinginkan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+”sorot yang lain” Menyorot teks terpisah. Caranya: setelah menyorot sebuah teks, anda bisa juga menyorot teks lain yang bukan lanjutan dari teks tersebut dengan menekan tombol CTRL.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; F8 Menghidupkan mode penyorotan, yaitu menyorot teks tanpa menggunakan tombol SHIFT. Caranya: tekan F8 satu kali, lalu tekan tombol panah ke arah yang anda inginkan. Untuk mengakhiri mode penyorotan, tekan ESC. Jika anda tekan F8 dua kali, secara otomatis akan menyorot satu kata, jika tekan F8 tiga kali akan menyorot satu kalimat, dan seterusnya. Untuk mengurangi ukuran penyorotan, tekan SHIFT+F8. Jangan lupa menekan ESC untuk mengakhiri mode penyorotan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ESC Mengakhiri mode penyorotan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+HOME Menyorot hingga ke awal baris&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+END Menyorot hingga ke akhir baris&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+PAGE DOWN Menyorot hingga satu layar ke bawah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+PAGE UP Menyorot hingga satu layar ke atas&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+HOME Menyorot hingga ke awal dokumen&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+END Menyorot hingga ke akhir dokumen&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+SHIFT+PAGE UP Menyorot hingga ke awal tampilan di monitor&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+SHIFT+PAGE DOWN Menyorot hingga ke akhir tampilan di monitor&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+A Menyorot seluruh isi dokumen&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+F8 kemudian tekan tombol panah  Menyorot teks secara vertikal&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; TAB Menyorot isi sel berikutnya dalam tabel&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+TAB Menyorot isi sel sebelumnya dalam tabel&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5. Berhubungan dengan pergerakan kursor&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Panah (kiri, kanan, atas, bawah) Pindah satu karakter/huruf ke (kiri, kanan, atas, bawah)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+”panah kiri” Pindah satu karakter/huruf ke kiri&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+”panah kanan” Pindah satu karakter/huruf ke kanan&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+”panah atas” Pindah satu paragraf ke atas&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+”panah bawah” Pindah satu paragraf ke bawah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; END Pindah ke akhir baris&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; HOME Pindah ke awal baris&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+PAGE UP Pindah ke awal tampilan di monitor&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+PAGE DOWN Pindah ke akhir tampilan di monitor&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; PAGE UP Pindah satu halaman ke atas&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; PAGE DOWN Pindah satu halaman ke bawah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+PAGE DOWN Pindah ke awal halaman berikutnya&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+PAGE UP Pindah ke awal halaman sebelumnya&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+END Pindah ke akhir dokumen&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+HOME Pindah ke awal dokumen&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; TAB Pindah satu sel ke kanan (dalam tabel)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+TAB Pindah satu sel ke kiri (dalam tabel)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+HOME Pindah ke sel paling kiri (dalam tabel)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+END Pindah ke sel paling kanan (dalam tabel)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+PAGE UP Pindah ke sel paling atas dalam satu kolom (dalam tabel)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+PAGE DOWN Pindah ke sel paling bawah dalam satu kolom (dalam tabel)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; “panah atas” Pindah ke baris sebelumnya/atas (dalam tabel)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; “panah bawah” Pindah ke baris sesudahnya/bawah (dalam tabel)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6. Berhubungan dengan pemformatan teks&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;CTRL+SHIFT+C Meng-copy / menduplikat format dari teks (Ingat!, bukan tulisannya melainkan formatnya. Misalnya : ukuran dan jenis huruf, jarak spasi antar baris, dsb)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+V Menyisipkan format teks setelah di CTRL+SHIFT+C&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+F Merubah jenis huruf&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+P Merubah ukuran huruf&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+&gt; Memperbesar ukuran huruf&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+&lt; Memperkecil ukuran huruf&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+] Memperbesar ukuran huruf 1 poin&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+[ Memperkecil ukuran huruf 1 poin&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+D Mengubah format huruf. Ini akan memunculkan kotak dialog yang berkaitan dengan pemformatan huruf secara lengkap.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+F3 Mengubah efek-efek pada teks. Untuk kembali ke efek yang semula, cukup tekan lagi SHIFT+F3 sampai kembali ke semula&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+A Mem-format teks menjadi huruf kapital semuanya&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+B Menebalkan teks. Contoh:  Ini tebal&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+U Menambahkan garis bawah. Contoh: ini garis bawah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+W Menambahkan garis bawah hanya pada teksnya saja, bukan pada spasi antar kata. Contoh: ini garis bawah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+D Menambahkan garis bawah dobel. Contoh: ini garis bawah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+H Memformat teks menjadi tidak terlihat (hilang). Untuk melihat teks yang diformat hilang, kllik menu Tools, Options, lalu pada tab View, perhatikan bagian Formatting marks, berikan tanda cek pada opsi All, lalu klik tombol OK.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+I Memiringkan teks. Contoh: ini miring&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+K Memformat teks menjadi huruf kecil semuanya&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL + ”=” (tanda sama dengan) Menempatkan teks pada posisi pangkat bawah. Contoh: H2O&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL + SHIFT + “+” (tanda tambah) Menempatkan teks pada posisi pangkat atas. Contoh: 52 = 25&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SPACEBAR (tombol spasi) Menghilangkan format yang telah dilakukan&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+Q Mengubah teks menjadi berjenis huruf simbol&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL + SHIFT + *  Menampilkan huruf-huruf yang tidak terlihat atau yang tidak dapat dicetak&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+F1&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; lalu klik pada teks yang ingin dilihat formatnya Menampilkan detail format yang diberlakukan pada teks (Reveal Formatting)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+1 Menerapkan jarak antar baris 1 spasi&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+2 Menerapkan jarak antar baris 2 spasi&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+5 Menerapkan jarak antar baris 1.5 spasi&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+0 Menambahkan/menghilangkan jarak 1 spasi pada awal paragraf&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+E Membuat teks menjadi rata tengah&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+J Membuat teks menjadi rata kiri dan kanan&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+L Membuat teks menjadi rata kiri&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+R Membuat teks menjadi rata kanan&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+M Menambah margin pada sebelah kiri&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+M Menghilangkan tambahan margin kiri setelah di CTRL+M&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+T Menambahkan indent menggantung&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+T Mengurangi jarak indent menggantung&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+Q Menghilangkan semua format yang telah dilakukan sehingga menjadi biasa / tanpa pemformatan&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+S Mengubah style teks&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+K Memulai AutoFormat&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+N Menerapkan style Normal&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+1 Menerapkan style Heading 1&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+2 Menerapkan style Heading 2&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+3 Menerapkan style Heading 3&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+L Menerapkan style List / daftar&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;7. Berhubungan dengan mail merge&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;ALT+SHIFT+K Menampilkan sebuah mail merge&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+SHIFT+N Menggabungkan dokumen&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+SHIFT+E Mengedit data dokumen mail merge&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+SHIFT+F Memasukkan sebuah field mail merge&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+SHIFT+D Memasukkan field tanggal (Date)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+CTRL+L Memasukkan field daftar (List)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+SHIFT+P Memasukkan field nomor halaman&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+SHIFT+T Memasukkan field waktu (jam / Time)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+F9 Memasukkan field kosong&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+F7 Mengupdate informasi-informasi yang saling berkaitan di dalam dokumen sumber sebuah mail merge&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; F9 Mengupdate field yang sedang ditunjuk kursor saat itu&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+F9 Menghilangkan hubungan sebuah link&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+F9 Melihat sebuah field dengan hasilnya (secara bergantian)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+F9 Melihat semua field beserta hasilnya (secara bergantian)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+SHIFT+F9 Menjalankan GOTOBUTTON atau MACROBUTTON dari field yang sedang dilihat hasilnya&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; F11 Pindah ke field berikutnya&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+F11 Pindah ke field sebelumnya&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+F11 Mengunci field&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+F11 Membuka /menghilangkan kunci field yang terkunci&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Shortcut Tombol Fungsi (Tombol F1, F2, F3, ….F12)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;F1 Membuka panduan Microsoft Word&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; F2 Memindahkan teks atau gambar. Caranya: pilih dulu (sorot) teks yg akan dipindahkan, lalu tekan F2, lalu klik pada posisi dimana teks tersebut akan dipindahkan, lalu tekan ENTER.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; F3 Memasukkan AutoText&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; F4 Mengulangi proses / pengetikan yang terakhir dilakukan&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; F5 Membuka kotak dialog pencarian (cara singkat menuju bagian tertentu di dalam dokumen)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; F6 Menuju ke frame / panel berikutnya&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; F7 Membuka kotak dialog Spelling and Grammar&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; F8 Menghidupkan mode penyorotan, yaitu menyorot teks tanpa menggunakan tombol SHIFT. Caranya: tekan F8 satu kali, lalu tekan tombol panah ke arah yang anda inginkan. Untuk mengakhiri mode penyorotan, tekan ESC. Jika anda tekan F8 dua kali, secara otomatis akan menyorot satu kata, jika tekan F8 tiga kali akan menyorot satu kalimat, dan seterusnya. Untuk mengurangi ukuran penyorotan, tekan SHIFT+F8. Jangan lupa menekan ESC untuk mengakhiri mode penyorotan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; F9 Mengupdate field yang dipilih / disorot&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; F10 Mengaktifkan bar menu untuk diakses oleh keyboard&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; F11 Menuju ke field berikutnya&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; F12 Menyimpan dokumen dengan nama baru. Ini sama dengan meng-klik menu File, Save As.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tombol CTRL dan Tombol Fungsi (Tombol F1, F2, F3, ….F12)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;CTRL+F2 Pindah ke tampilan print preview atau sebaliknya ke tampilan standar&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;CTRL+F3 Mengambil teks untuk Autotext&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+F4 Menutup jendela dokumen (sekaligus menutup dokumen)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+F5 Mengembalikan (restore) ukuran jendela dokumen setelah di maximize&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+F6 Pindah ke dokumen lain (jika membuka lebih dari satu file dokumen Word)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+F7 Menjalankan perintah Move (shortcut untuk title bar)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+F8 Menjalankan perintah Size (shortcut untuk title bar)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+F9 Membuat sebuah field untuk karakter spesial (simbol)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+F10 Membuat jendela Microsoft Word menjadi berukuran Maximize&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+F11 Mengunci field pada mail merge&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+F12 Membuka file dokumen Word. Ini sama dengan mengklik menu File, Open.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tombol SHIFT dan Tombol Fungsi (Tombol F1, F2, F3, ….F12)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;SHIFT+F1 Menampilkan detail format yang diberlakukan pada teks (Reveal Formatting)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+F2 Menduplikat (copy) teks&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+F3 Mengubah efek-efek pada teks. Untuk kembali ke efek yang semula, cukup tekan lagi SHIFT+F3 sampai kembali ke semula&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+F4 Mengulangi /melanjutkan proses pencarian Find atau GoTo&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+F5 Meletakkan kursor pada posisi teks yang terakhir kali dilakukan perubahan&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+F6 Menuju ke frame / panel sebelumnya&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+F7 Membuka kotak dialog Thesaurus&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+F8 Menghilangkan tanda penyorotan / seleksi&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+F9 Melihat sebuah field dengan hasilnya (secara bergantian)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+F10 Memperlihatkan menu klik kanan pada posisi kursor&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+F11 Pindah ke field sebelumnya&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; SHIFT+F12 Menyimpan dokumen. Ini sama dengan mengklik menu File, Save&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tombol ALT dan Tombol Fungsi (Tombol F1, F2, F3, ….F12)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;ALT+F1 Meletakkan kursor pada field berikutnya. Field di sini bisa berupa teks yang mengandung link, ataupun teks-teks tertentu lainnya&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+F3 Membuat sebuah entry AutoText&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+F4 Keluar dari program aplikasi Microsoft Word&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+F5 Mengembalikan ukuran jendela Microsoft Word jika sedang maximize.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+F7 Mencari kesalahan dalam penulisan. Ini bisa berfungsi jika kotak cek “Check spelling as you type” diaktifkan. (lihat di menu Tools, Options, klik tab Spelling &amp;amp; Grammar)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+F8 Menjalankan sebuah macro.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+F9 Melihat semua field beserta hasilnya (secara bergantian)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+F10 Memaksimalkan (maximize) tampilan jendela program Microsoft Word&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+F11 Menampilkan jendela penulisan kode Microsoft Visual Basic&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tombol CTRL+SHIFT dan Tombol Fungsi (Tombol F1, F2, F3, ….F12)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;CTRL+SHIFT+F3 Menuliskan isi dari Spike (entry AutoText spesial)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+F5 Mengedit bookmark. (membuka kotak dialog bookmark)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+F6 Pindah ke jendela dokumen yang lain (jika pada saat bersamaan, membuka lebih dari satu file Word)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+F7 Mengupdate informasi-informasi yang saling berkaitan di dalam dokumen sumber sebuah mail merge&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+F8 kemudian tekan tombol panah  Menyorot teks secara vertikal&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+F9 Menghilangkan hubungan sebuah link&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+F11 Membuka /menghilangkan kunci field yang terkunci&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+SHIFT+F12 Membuka kotak dialog Print. Sama dengan CTRL+P&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tombol CTRL+ALT dan Tombol Fungsi (Tombol F1, F2, F3, ….F12)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;CTRL+ALT+F1 Menampilkan informasi mengenai komputer yang sedang digunakan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; CTRL+ALT+F2 Membuka file dokumen Word. Ini sama dengan meng-klik menu File, lalu Open.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tombol ALT+SHIFT dan Tombol Fungsi (Tombol F1, F2, F3, ….F12)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;ALT+SHIFT+F1 Meletakkan kursor pada field sebelumnya. Field di sini bisa berupa teks yang mengandung link, ataupun teks-teks tertentu lainnya&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+SHIFT+F2 Menyimpan dokumen yang sedang dibuka/diedit. Ini sama dengan meng-klik menu File, lalu Save.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+SHIFT+F9 Menjalankan GOTOBUTTON atau MACROBUTTON dari field yang sedang dilihat hasilnya&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+SHIFT+F10 Menampilkan menu atau pesan untuk smart tag.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; ALT+SHIFT+F11 Menjalankan Microsoft Script Editor&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;Referensi&lt;br /&gt;Dokumentasi Microsoft Word 2003&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;       &lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2009/11/kumpulan-shortcut-windows.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-4016187174009657231</guid><pubDate>Mon, 07 Sep 2009 07:23:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-09-07T14:33:34.729+07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Tenis</category><title>Aksi Gokil Marat Safin</title><description>Menarik memang memperhatikan gerak gerik dan tingkah laku bintang bintang tenis dunia. tapi ada yang menarik dari salah satu bintang tenis dunia akan ekspresi di lapangan, Marat Safin. Nama ini pastinya sudah gak asing lagi bagi pecinta tenis lapangan dunia. tapi ada satu hal yang menarik dilihat dari kelakuannya di lapangan, Emosional. Ya, sering kali dia membantingkan raketnya hingga rusak dan menggantinya dengan yang baru, sehingga dia pun harus selalu menyetok banyak raket ketika bertanding. seperti yang terlihat di video ini :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width=&quot;425&quot; height=&quot;344&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/XrlpJpKb0Do&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;&quot;&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowFullScreen&quot; value=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowscriptaccess&quot; value=&quot;always&quot;&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/XrlpJpKb0Do&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot; width=&quot;425&quot; height=&quot;344&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2009/09/aksi-gokil-marat-safin.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-3733975928847147550</guid><pubDate>Mon, 07 Sep 2009 02:00:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-09-07T09:01:37.270+07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Tips</category><title>Daun pare buat ngusir jerawat membandel</title><description>Jerawat (bahasa Inggris: acne) adalah kondisi abnormal kulit akibat gangguan berlebihan produksi kelenjar minyak (sebaceous gland) yang menyebabkan penyumbatan saluran folikel rambut dan pori-pori kulit. Daerah yang mudah terkena jerawat ialah di muka, dada, punggung dan tubuh bagian atas lengan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jerawat digolongkan ringan bila bentuknya masih komedo dengan jumlah lesi kurang dari 30. Apabila jumlah lesi berkisar antara 30-125 maka dinamakan jerawat sedang (papule). Jerawat besar yang disebut nodul atau kista timbul bila lesi di atas 125.( wikipedia ).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nah disini saya punya tips bagus buat ngilangin jerawat, khususnya jerawat yang besar ( nodul ) atau yang biasa juga disebut jerawat batu, caranya dengan DAUN PARE.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Saya dapet oleh-oleh dari salah satu teman saya ketika main ke kalsel, katanya daun pare yang dikombinasikan dengan bedak dingin bagus untuk ngusir jerawat. Orang-orang dikalimantan jika bepergian selalu menggunakan bedak dingin di wajah mereka, selain untuk ngusir jerawat juga untuk menghindari kontak langsung dengan sinar ultraviolet karena disana udaranya terkenal sangat panas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Apa itu bedak dingin, sejenis bedak yang katanya terbuat dari tepung beras atau apa saya lupa. Berhubung dijakarta sulit menemukan bedak sejenis, saya mencoba dengan bedak bayi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cara ngolahnya sangan gampang, cukup dengan mencampur daun pare yang sebelumnya sudah dicuci dan dihaluskan dengan bedak bayi &amp;amp; di beri air hangat sedikit secukupnya. Lalu maskerkan olahan tadi ke wajah, lebih baik menyeluruh wajah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ini dilakukan malam sebelum tidur, hasilnya ??? it&#39;s work.&lt;br /&gt;jerawat batu yang tadinya sulit hilang walau sudah dipencet &amp;amp; dikeluarkan darah kotornya langsung kempes dan kering. padahal saya lakukan cuma semalam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tapi kembali kekita sendiri untuk tetap merawat muka dengan baik sehingga keesokan harinya jerawat tidak kembali hinggap.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NB : Saya tidak bertanggung jawab jika ada efek samping, atau tidak cocok dengan tekstur kulit wajah yang tidak sama. Tapi buat saya pribadi ini bekerja sangat baik.</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2009/09/daun-pare-buat-ngusir-jerawat-membandel.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-8202357725219579875</guid><pubDate>Thu, 20 Aug 2009 07:42:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-08-20T14:43:35.684+07:00</atom:updated><title>Heal The World</title><description>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Heal The World&lt;br /&gt;by MJ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;little girl talking&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(I think about the generations&lt;br /&gt;and they say they want to make it&lt;br /&gt;a better place for our children and our children&#39;s children&lt;br /&gt;so that they they they know it&#39;s a better world for them&lt;br /&gt;and I think they can make it a better place)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There&#39;s A Place In&lt;br /&gt;Your Heart&lt;br /&gt;And I Know That It Is Love&lt;br /&gt;And This Place Could&lt;br /&gt;Be Much&lt;br /&gt;Brighter Than Tomorrow&lt;br /&gt;And If You Really Try&lt;br /&gt;You&#39;ll Find There&#39;s No Need&lt;br /&gt;To Cry&lt;br /&gt;In This Place You&#39;ll Feel&lt;br /&gt;There&#39;s No Hurt Or Sorrow&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There Are Ways&lt;br /&gt;To Get There&lt;br /&gt;If You Care Enough&lt;br /&gt;For The Living&lt;br /&gt;Make A Little Space&lt;br /&gt;Make A Better Place&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Heal The World&lt;br /&gt;Make It A Better Place&lt;br /&gt;For You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;And The Entire Human Race&lt;br /&gt;There Are People Dying&lt;br /&gt;If You Care Enough&lt;br /&gt;For The Living&lt;br /&gt;Make A Better Place&lt;br /&gt;For You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If You Want To Know Why&lt;br /&gt;There&#39;s A Love That&lt;br /&gt;Cannot Lie&lt;br /&gt;Love Is Strong&lt;br /&gt;It Only Cares For&lt;br /&gt;Joyful Giving&lt;br /&gt;If We Try&lt;br /&gt;We Shall See&lt;br /&gt;In This Bliss&lt;br /&gt;We Cannot Feel&lt;br /&gt;Fear Or Dread&lt;br /&gt;We Stop Existing And&lt;br /&gt;Start Living&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then It Feels That Always&lt;br /&gt;Love&#39;s Enough For&lt;br /&gt;Us Growing&lt;br /&gt;So Make A Better World&lt;br /&gt;Make A Better World...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Heal The World&lt;br /&gt;Make It A Better Place&lt;br /&gt;For You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;And The Entire Human Race&lt;br /&gt;There Are People Dying&lt;br /&gt;If You Care Enough&lt;br /&gt;For The Living&lt;br /&gt;Make A Better Place&lt;br /&gt;For You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And The Dream We Were&lt;br /&gt;Conceived In&lt;br /&gt;Will Reveal A Joyful Face&lt;br /&gt;And The World We&lt;br /&gt;Once Believed In&lt;br /&gt;Will Shine Again In Grace&lt;br /&gt;Then Why Do We Keep&lt;br /&gt;Strangling Life&lt;br /&gt;Wound This Earth&lt;br /&gt;Crucify Its Soul&lt;br /&gt;Though It&#39;s Plain To See&lt;br /&gt;This World Is Heavenly&lt;br /&gt;Be God&#39;s Glow&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We Could Fly So High&lt;br /&gt;Let Our Spirits Never Die&lt;br /&gt;In My Heart&lt;br /&gt;I Feel You Are All&lt;br /&gt;My Brothers&lt;br /&gt;Create A World With&lt;br /&gt;No Fear&lt;br /&gt;Together We&#39;ll Cry&lt;br /&gt;Happy Tears&lt;br /&gt;See The Nations Turn&lt;br /&gt;Their Swords&lt;br /&gt;Into Plowshares&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We Could Really Get There&lt;br /&gt;If You Cared Enough&lt;br /&gt;For The Living&lt;br /&gt;Make A Little Space&lt;br /&gt;To Make A Better Place...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Heal The World&lt;br /&gt;Make It A Better Place&lt;br /&gt;For You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;And The Entire Human Race&lt;br /&gt;There Are People Dying&lt;br /&gt;If You Care Enough&lt;br /&gt;For The Living&lt;br /&gt;Make A Better Place&lt;br /&gt;For You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Heal The World&lt;br /&gt;Make It A Better Place&lt;br /&gt;For You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;And The Entire Human Race&lt;br /&gt;There Are People Dying&lt;br /&gt;If You Care Enough&lt;br /&gt;For The Living&lt;br /&gt;Make A Better Place&lt;br /&gt;For You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Heal The World&lt;br /&gt;Make It A Better Place&lt;br /&gt;For You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;And The Entire Human Race&lt;br /&gt;There Are People Dying&lt;br /&gt;If You Care Enough&lt;br /&gt;For The Living&lt;br /&gt;Make A Better Place&lt;br /&gt;For You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There Are People Dying&lt;br /&gt;If You Care Enough&lt;br /&gt;For The Living&lt;br /&gt;Make A Better Place&lt;br /&gt;For You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There Are People Dying&lt;br /&gt;If You Care Enough&lt;br /&gt;For The Living&lt;br /&gt;Make A Better Place&lt;br /&gt;For You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;Make A Better Place&lt;br /&gt;You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;Make A Better Place&lt;br /&gt;You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;Make A Better Place&lt;br /&gt;You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;heal the world we live in&lt;br /&gt;You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;save it for our children&lt;br /&gt;You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;heal the world we live in&lt;br /&gt;You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;save it for our children&lt;br /&gt;You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;heal the world we live in&lt;br /&gt;You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;save it for our children&lt;br /&gt;You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;heal the world we live in&lt;br /&gt;You And For Me&lt;br /&gt;save it for our children</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2009/08/heal-world.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-6796920340184822298</guid><pubDate>Thu, 20 Aug 2009 03:58:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-08-20T10:59:49.139+07:00</atom:updated><title>Final Destination 4 (2009)</title><description>On what should have been a fun-filled day at the races, Nick O&#39;Bannon has a horrific premonition in which a bizarre sequence of events causes multiple race cars to crash, sending flaming debris into the stands, brutally killing his friends and causing the upper deck of the stands to collapse on him. When he comes out of this grisly nightmare Nick panics, persuading his girlfriend, Lori, and their friends, Janet and Hunt, to leave... escaping seconds before Nick&#39;s frightening vision becomes a terrible reality. Thinking they&#39;ve cheated death, the group has a new lease on life, but unfortunately for Nick and Lori, it is only the beginning. As his premonitions continue and the crash survivors begin to die one-by-one--in increasingly gruesome ways--Nick must figure out how to cheat death once and for all before he, too, reaches his final destination.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;source : film.com&lt;/span&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2009/08/final-destination-4-2009.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-6298063696518009752</guid><pubDate>Thu, 20 Aug 2009 01:20:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-08-20T09:15:38.037+07:00</atom:updated><title>Carver One : Jakarta trafic jam solution ?</title><description>&lt;object width=&quot;425&quot; height=&quot;344&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/V16bPLtyzcg&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowFullScreen&quot; value=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowscriptaccess&quot; value=&quot;always&quot;&gt;&lt;embed src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/V16bPLtyzcg&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot; width=&quot;425&quot; height=&quot;344&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-left: 0px; display: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-left: 0px; display: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2009/08/carver-one.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-2198012597135734477</guid><pubDate>Thu, 20 Aug 2009 01:00:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-08-20T08:06:59.262+07:00</atom:updated><title>Best time to visit Indonesia</title><description>&lt;table class=&quot;central_menu&quot; width=&quot;84%&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;4%&quot; background=&quot;/_imgs/label_sf_blue_light.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                 &lt;td width=&quot;92%&quot; background=&quot;/_imgs/label_sf_blue_light.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Indonesia : When to Visit &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                 &lt;td width=&quot;4%&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.placesonline.com/_imgs/label_dx_blue_light.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;               &lt;/tr&gt;             &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;                                                  &lt;!-- &lt;edindex&gt; --&gt;                      &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.placesonline.com/asia/indonesia/photos.asp&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.placesonline.com/photos_world/visual/flores_10557.jpg&quot; vspace=&quot;4&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; hspace=&quot;3&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;    &lt;p&gt;The best time to visit Indonesia is  during the &lt;strong&gt;dry season between May and  October&lt;/strong&gt;. It is a great idea to plan your visit to coincide with some local festival; this is not advisable for those looking to holiday crowds and prices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;more in http://www.placesonline.com/asia/indonesia/when_to_visit.asp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2009/08/best-time-to-visit-indonesia.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-526710519932179757</guid><pubDate>Wed, 24 Oct 2007 06:47:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2007-10-24T13:47:49.242+07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">kesehatan</category><title>Setiap Menit Satu Anak di Dunia Akan Menjadi Buta</title><description>&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;newspaneopen&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;6&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;articlehead&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.depkes.go.id/index.php?option=news&amp;amp;task=viewarticle&amp;amp;sid=2865#&quot; onclick=&quot;window.open(&#39;popups/newswindow.php?id=2865&amp;print=print&#39;, &#39;win1&#39;, &#39;status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no&#39;);&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.depkes.go.id/images/printButton.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Print&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.depkes.go.id/index.php?option=news&amp;amp;task=viewarticle&amp;amp;sid=2865#&quot; onclick=&quot;window.open(&#39;emailfriend/emailnews.php?id=2865&#39;, &#39;win1&#39;, &#39;status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=400,height=200,directories=no,location=no&#39;);&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.depkes.go.id/images/emailButton.gif&quot; alt=&quot;E-mail&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;    &lt;tr&gt;     &lt;td class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;11 Oct 2007&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;    &lt;tr&gt;     &lt;td colspan=&quot;3&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;      &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt; Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO), memperkirakan sekitar 40-45 juta orang di dunia mengalami kebutaan, sepertiganya berada di Asia Tenggara. Berarti setiap menit diperkirakan 12 orang menjadi buta, empat orang diantaranya juga berasal dari Asia Tenggara. Pada anak, setiap menit terdapat satu anak menjadi buta dan hampir setengahnya berada di Asia Tenggara. Sedangkan pada balita, WHO memperkirakan ada 1,4 juta yang menderita kebutaan dimana tiga perempat diantaranya ada di daerah-daerah miskin di Asia dan Afrika. &lt;p&gt; Mengingat besarnya masalah kebutaan di dunia, WHO pada tanggal 30 September 1999,  mencanangkan komitmen global &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Vision 2020: The Right to Sight &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;untuk mendorong penanggulangan gangguan penglihatan dan kebutaan tertentu yang sebenarnya dapat dicegah atau direhabilitasi. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt; Dalam upaya mencapai &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Vision 2020&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, WHO menetapkan setiap hari Kamis minggu kedua Oktober sebagai peringatan Hari Penglihatan Sedunia (World Sight Day/WSD). Pada tahun ini WSD jatuh pada tanggal 11 Oktober 2007, dengan tema peringatan Hari Penglihatan Sedunia (World Sight Day/WSD) tahun 2007 adalah &lt;b&gt;“Vision For Children”&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt; Demikian disampaikan Dr. Sri Astuti Suparmanto, MSc.PH, Dirjen Bina Kesehatan Masyarakat dalam rangka menyambut Hari Penglihatan Sedunia tanggal 11 Oktober 2007. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt; Menurut dr. Sri Astuti, berdasarkan Survey Kesehatan Indera tahun 1993-1996, sebesar 1,5% penduduk Indonesia mengalami kebutaan dengan penyebab utama adalah Katarak (0,78%), Glaukoma (0,20%), Kelainan Refraksi (0,14%), Gangguan Retina (0,13%), dan Kelainan Kornea (0,10%). Kebutaan karena katarak kejadiannya diperkirakan 0,1% (sekitar 210.000 orang) per tahun. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt; Bila dibandingkan dengan angka kebutaan di negara-negara Regional Asia Tenggara, angka kebutaan di Indonesia merupakan yang tertinggi setelah Bangladesh (1%), India (0,7%), dan Thailand (0,3%). Sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia yang mengalami kebutaan berasal dari status ekonomi kurang mampu dan belum akses dengan pelayanan kesehatan. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt; Angka kebutaan 1,5% menurut WHO sudah merupakan masalah sosial. Untuk itu perlu peran serta aktif dari semua pihak untuk menanggulangi masalah kebutaan di Indonesia. Disamping masalah kebutaan, gangguan penglihatan akibat kelainan refraksi dengan prevalensi 22,1% juga menjadi masalah serius jika tidak cepat ditanggulangi. 10% dari anak usia sekolah (5-19 tahun) menderita kelainan refraksi. Angka pemakaian kacamata koreksi sampai saat ini masih rendah yaitu 12,5% dari kebutuhan. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt; Menurut dr. Sri Astuti, tema peringatan Hari Penglihatan Sedunia “Vision For Children” mengandung makna semua orang harus memberikan perhatian kepada anak-anak sebagai generasi penerus yang mengalami gangguan penglihatan atau buta, bagaimana supaya mereka bisa memperoleh kembali fungsi penglihatannya atau mereka dapat menikmati kehidupannya yang berkulaitas seperti anak-anak normal lainnya. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt; Ditambahkan oleh dr. Sri Astuti, selain tujuan umum, tujuan khusus yang akan dicapai adalah anak-anak bisa tumbuh dan berkembang dengan mata yang sehat, setiap anak bisa pergi ke sekolah, dan para orang tua mereka dapat melihat anak-anaknya tumbuh dan berkembang. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt; Ditambahkan oleh dr. Sri Astuti, menurut WHO 3,9% kebutaan disebabkan oleh kebutaan pada masa anak-anak (chilhood blindness). Masalah kebutaan pada anak-anak merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang dihadapi oleh dunia terutama negara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Sedangkan salah satu penyebab childhood blindness adalah defisiensi vitamin A, disamping penyebab lainnya seperti kelainan kongenital, infeksi neonatorum dan lain-lain. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt; Menurut dr. Sri Astuti, untuk mengatasi kebutaan pada anak-anak akibat Defisiensi Vitamin A, Depkes telah mengeluarkan kebijakan tentang pemberian kapsul vitamin A secara gratis kepada bayi 6-11 bulan dan anak balita 1-5 tahun. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt; Sedangkan untuk mencapai Vision 2020-The Right to Sight, Departemen Kesehatan telah mengembangkan strategi-strategi yang dituangkan dalam Kepmenkes No. 1473/MENKES/SK/2005 tentang Rencana Strategi Nasional Penanggulangan Gangguan Penglihatan dan Kebutaan (Renstranas PGPK). &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt; Adapun strategi nasional PGPK tersebut adalah:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt; Pembentukan Komite Nasional Penanggulangan Gangguan Penglihatan dan Kebutaan (KOMNAS PGPK) Meningkatkan advokasi dan komunikasi dengan LP/LS &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Menjalin kemitraan untuk penanggulangan gangguan penglihatan dan kebutaan &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Meningkatkan kualitas dan Kuantitas SDM yang terlibat dalam penanggulangan gangguan penglihatan  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Meningkatkan manajemen program dan infra struktur untuk penanggulangan gangguan penglihatan dan  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mobilisasi sumber daya dan lembaga donor dalam dan luar negeri yang mendukung pelaksanaan penanggulangan gangguan penglihatan dan kebutaan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p&gt; Berita ini disiarkan oleh Pusat Komunikasi Publik, Sekretariat Jenderal Departemen Kesehatan. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut dapat menghubungi melalui nomor telepon/faks: 021-5223002 dan 52960661, atau alamat e-mail puskom.publik@yahoo.co.id&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2007/10/setiap-menit-satu-anak-di-dunia-akan.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-473753412744452753</guid><pubDate>Tue, 07 Aug 2007 10:12:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2007-08-07T17:14:05.514+07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Kata Mutiara</category><title>Kata Mutiara</title><description>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;tt&gt;&lt;tt&gt;TIPS MEMOTIVASI ORANG YANG KITA SAYANGI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Kecuali diminta, hindari memberi nasihat langsung ataupun&lt;br /&gt;mengomentari perbuatan orang-orang kita sayangi seperti Keluarga, Sahabat,&lt;br /&gt;Karyawan ataupun Staff Anda ! Siapapun akan merasa tidak nyaman karena&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Aku&quot;nya diserang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Jika terpaksa memberi nasihat ataupun mengomentari, gunakan kata&lt;br /&gt;awalan &quot;Saya&quot;, bukan &quot;Kamu&quot; ! Contoh : &quot;Saya khawatir waktu belajar /&lt;br /&gt;bekerja Kamu habis karena main game&quot; bukan &quot;Kamu membuang-buang waktu&lt;br /&gt;saja&quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Manfaatkan momentum yang tepat seperti saat santai / gembira ataupun&lt;br /&gt;hari penting mereka seperti saat berulang tahun ! Waktu yang tidak&lt;br /&gt;tepat hanya akan membuat nasihat Anda sia-sia dan kontraproduktif.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Saat &quot;bermasalah&quot;, mereka sedang tidak butuh nasihat Anda, melainkan&lt;br /&gt;dukungan Anda. Perhatian dan dukungan Anda membuat mereka merasa&lt;br /&gt;&quot;usahanya dihargai&quot;.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Jangan pernah berharap seseorang &quot;harus berubah&quot; menjadi seperti&lt;br /&gt;yang kita inginkan ! Tetapi &quot;mempengaruhi&quot; agar &quot;setuju&quot; dengan apa yang&lt;br /&gt;kita pikirkan, tetap dimungkinkan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. Gunakan &quot;cara cara tidak langsung&quot; dalam mempengaruhi mereka,&lt;br /&gt;seperti :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a. Memanfaatkan pengaruh orang orang yang mereka segani dan yang biasa&lt;br /&gt;mereka &quot;dengar&quot; seperti Sahabat, Orang Tua ataupun Atasan mereka. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b. Biarkan mereka &quot;menemukan&quot; sendiri jawaban atas problem yang mereka&lt;br /&gt;alami dari buku buku, majalah majalah ataupun print-out cerita positif&lt;br /&gt;yang &quot;sengaja&quot; Anda letakkan pada lokasi yang mudah mereka lihat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c. Undang mereka bergabung di milis TaManBinTaNG. Caranya mudah,&lt;br /&gt;gunakan draft dibawah ini ! (sesuaikan jika dipandang perlu)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Semoga bermanfaat,&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2007/08/kata-mutiara_07.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3755345453228476992.post-8720150715507956263</guid><pubDate>Tue, 07 Aug 2007 10:12:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2007-08-07T17:13:17.875+07:00</atom:updated><title>Kata Mutiara</title><description>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;tt&gt;&lt;tt&gt;TIPS MEMOTIVASI ORANG YANG KITA SAYANGI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Kecuali diminta, hindari memberi nasihat langsung ataupun&lt;br /&gt;mengomentari perbuatan orang-orang kita sayangi seperti Keluarga, Sahabat,&lt;br /&gt;Karyawan ataupun Staff Anda ! Siapapun akan merasa tidak nyaman karena&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Aku&quot;nya diserang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Jika terpaksa memberi nasihat ataupun mengomentari, gunakan kata&lt;br /&gt;awalan &quot;Saya&quot;, bukan &quot;Kamu&quot; ! Contoh : &quot;Saya khawatir waktu belajar /&lt;br /&gt;bekerja Kamu habis karena main game&quot; bukan &quot;Kamu membuang-buang waktu&lt;br /&gt;saja&quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Manfaatkan momentum yang tepat seperti saat santai / gembira ataupun&lt;br /&gt;hari penting mereka seperti saat berulang tahun ! Waktu yang tidak&lt;br /&gt;tepat hanya akan membuat nasihat Anda sia-sia dan kontraproduktif.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Saat &quot;bermasalah&quot;, mereka sedang tidak butuh nasihat Anda, melainkan&lt;br /&gt;dukungan Anda. Perhatian dan dukungan Anda membuat mereka merasa&lt;br /&gt;&quot;usahanya dihargai&quot;.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Jangan pernah berharap seseorang &quot;harus berubah&quot; menjadi seperti&lt;br /&gt;yang kita inginkan ! Tetapi &quot;mempengaruhi&quot; agar &quot;setuju&quot; dengan apa yang&lt;br /&gt;kita pikirkan, tetap dimungkinkan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. Gunakan &quot;cara cara tidak langsung&quot; dalam mempengaruhi mereka,&lt;br /&gt;seperti :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a. Memanfaatkan pengaruh orang orang yang mereka segani dan yang biasa&lt;br /&gt;mereka &quot;dengar&quot; seperti Sahabat, Orang Tua ataupun Atasan mereka. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b. Biarkan mereka &quot;menemukan&quot; sendiri jawaban atas problem yang mereka&lt;br /&gt;alami dari buku buku, majalah majalah ataupun print-out cerita positif&lt;br /&gt;yang &quot;sengaja&quot; Anda letakkan pada lokasi yang mudah mereka lihat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c. Undang mereka bergabung di milis TaManBinTaNG. Caranya mudah,&lt;br /&gt;gunakan draft dibawah ini ! (sesuaikan jika dipandang perlu)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Semoga bermanfaat,&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</description><link>http://lojok.blogspot.com/2007/08/kata-mutiara.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Wiki Wijaya)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item></channel></rss>