Dewa's Blog !

2014-02-23T13:20:00.003+07:00

SEMUA TENTANG INVEST EXPERIENCE

Pasti udah pada tau kan game marketglory ? yg belum tau yuk sign up dulu pake reflink ane sekalian bantu2 :) nih linknya http://www.marketglory.com/strategygame/dewasega

Males main game ini karna perkembangannya lama ?? padahal game ini gratis, dan di dunia ini ga ada yg gratis dan ekspress, apalagi ujung2nya dapet uang.

Jadi, kalau mau males ya harus kluar uang untuk bisa dapetin uang di game ini lebih cepat, meskipun uda keluar uang pun masih harus rajin si
h hehe : P

kalau ga mau keluar uang, ya harus rajin mainnya donk, jangan cuma ngeluh aja tapi ga da usaha : )

Nah bagi temen2 yg males main nya tapi mau cepet ngerasain duitnya, di bawah ini ane kasi masukan yg mungkin berguna : D

Yaitu Tentang Invest di dalam game ini. INVEST EXPERIENCE.

Apa yg dimaksud dengan invest experience di game ini? apa dampak yg diberikan nantinya bagi si penginvest? dan bagaimana caranya menginvest di game ini.

Ini ulasannya,

Invest experience di game ini adalah dimana anda membayar sejumlah uang asli ke dalam game ini, untuk membeli / meningkatkan experience point, dengan begitu dampak pendapatan anda semakin cepat dan efisien. bahkan berpuluh - puluh kali lipat lebih cepat. syarat ketentuan berlaku.

Perlu diketahui, jika energy merupakan faktor penunjang pendapatan IDR dari fight, maka experience adalah faktor terbesar penunjang peningkatan IDR dari work. (batas maksimal experience point 1900, energy 100, knowledge 1000)

Dampak dari invest,

Saya beri contoh, teman kita yg beberapa kali invest experience dalam game ini,
*maaf identitasnya saya terpaksa sembunyikan, hanya menjaga privasi, harap di maklumi*

Ini sedikit bukti catatan invest nya dalam game ini (8 hari yg lalu, terhitung dari tanggal 18/10/2013)

Di invest lagi, 3 hari yg lalu

Dan masih terus di invest sampai sekarang.

Sebelumnya perhatikan ini,

Penjelasan tentang invest di atas, ada kalimat yg saya garis bawahi (syarat dan ketentuan berlaku)

yang saya maksud syarat itu adalah setelah invest kamu harus rajin work
(Kalau bisa 1 minggu full kamu work)

Dan ketentuannya ada di gambar di bawah ini,

Sebelumnya lihat WAGE yg saya lingkar merah di gambar.

ketentuannya invest kamu akan terus dan terus berkembang jika;

WAGE kamu selalu berada di atas angka normal yaitu 200 ++
Kas negara dalam keadaan stabil
Kurs 1 EURO = 50 IDR / Di bawahnya

Setelah itu barulah kita hitung apa sih yg teman saya dapat setelah invest 20 euro ke game ini;
(perhatikan gambar ke 1 yg saya lingkar hijau, buy 100 experience point by 20euro)

"DAN DI BAWAH INI SAYA BERIKAN ILUSTRASI DAMPAK INVESTASI 20 EURO BAGI PERKEMBANGAN GAMER, TENTUNYA DENGAN MENGGUNAKKAN PENAMBAHAN EXP SETIAP HARINYA (SETIAP X WORK, EXP MAKIN BERTAMBAH)"

Syarat ;

Setiap hari work

Ketentuan ;

WAGE di atas 200 , Kas stabil, Bonus work 300 ++

Ilustrasi di bawah ini, mengenai perbedaan pendapatan invest 100 point exp dengan yg tidak invest, syarat ketentuan sangat berlaku,

Ilustrasi ini saya buat, dengan memakai;

Energy 1

Exp 1 (+0.7 - 0.3%) tiap harinya,, 0.3% yg dimaksud adalah pengurangan exp tiap harinya, jadi ilustrasi di bawah ini sudah mencakup pemotongan exp 0.3% per harinya / exp bersih.

Knowledge 1

PP : produktivity point total (energy + exp + knowledge)/3

Bonus work : Bonus yg diterima player karna work 3 hari berturut2 tanpa putus

Bonus work di angka 300 (bisa di lihat di kolom bonus, di homepage / lembar paling awal game)

Pendapatan IDR dari work dan bonus work BERSIH (sudah dipotong pajak)

WAGE di angka 200 (saya pasang wage yg rendah, karna biasanya di indo rata2 WAGE 250, jadi keuntungan di jamin lebih dari ilustrasi ini jika wage di angka 250) Yang belum tau wage, silahkan ke work, workplaces.

KURS 1 EURO = 50 IDR

Hasil pendapatan dalam bentuk segala mata uang

(klik gambar untuk memperbesar)

Dari tabel di atas, bisa dilihat hasil 1 bulan perbedaan yg bermain gratis dengan penginvest sangat amat jauh,
8x lipat perbedaannya

Juga sudah saya hitung sampai bulan ke 4 (bahkan di bulan ketiga bisa saja balik modal, karna wage ilustrasi di atas saya buat dengan nilai yg rendah, sedangkan wage di indonesia rata2 lebih dari 250), dengan segala syarat dan ketentuan yg masih berlaku, bulan setelah itu hanya tinggal menerima keuntungan dari investasi anda sekalian.
(itupun jika anda tidak menambah invest anda, berbeda cerita jika anda menambah invest exp anda, semakin besar lagi yg akan anda terima).

Untuk yg beda negara (rata2 wage dan bonus worknya berbeda)
bisa PM saya untuk saya buatkan ilustrasinya

Jadi dengan bukti ini, diharapkan bisa menjadi pertimbangan teman2 sekalian,
yg tidak sabar dalam bermain : )

Bukti kalau saya juga salah satu penginvest dan orang yg malas nunggu lama2 : )

Sedikit testimonial SMS dan BBM temen2 yg uda invest

Nah itu baru testimoni 2 temen kita yg uda invest gan, dengan id di gamenya Danifahmi dan zxdragonx, masih banyak yg juga udah invest ke game ini seperti id ipodtouch, cj-7, typeR, dan lainnya.

Nah sekarang bagaimana caranya kita invest sedangkan poisi kita sebagai pemula yg belum mempunyai euro untuk membeli paket experience di dalam game ini.

Bila ada teman2 yg berminat, saya punya teman yg akan menjadi perantara anda untuk membeli paket experience, karena teman saya memiliki simpanan euro yg dia dapat selama bemain game ini.

Cara nya;

Jadi nanti anda mentransfer ke rekening dia, via bank lokal (BCA / MANDIRI), nanti setelah pembayaran diterima, dia akan langsung membelikan paket tersebut atas nama anda.

Dan apabila ada yg meragukan kepercayaan terhadap saya, saya bisa memberikan ID prime kaskus saya sebagai jaminan bahwa saya TRUSTED SELLER : )

UNTUK TANYA JAWAB / FAQ :

Tanya = Kok lama banget sih gan balik modal setelah invest euronya??

Jawab = Coba kamu bandingkan dengan invest asuransi, kamu bayar tagihan tiap bulan sampai 10 tahun penuh dan di tahun ke 11 baru invest kamu berkembang. itu pun paling sekitar 101%

Bandingkan dengan emas, emas kalo di invest 1 - 2 bulan apa sudah langsung terlihat perkembangannya??
mujur kalau langsung harga emas loncat dalam waktu singkat, tapi apa mau berharap dari itu, yg saya rasa amat sulit di lihat dari perkembangan emas 2 tahun terakhir (ditambah harga emas pernah anjlok turun di 2 bulan yg lalu)

Sedangkan di game ini, kamu invest 1 x, cukup bayar 1 x, sisanya modal rajin ama ulet maenin gamenya aja, nah 3 bulan ke depan km uda balik modal + keuntungan kamu dan itupun terus dan terus berkembang.

Tanya = Ane ga punya duit gan, cara dapet exp lebih cepat ada ga??
Jawab = Ada gan : D
Caranya kamu ajak 1-5 orang untuk maen game ini, daftarnya lewat link promote kalian (link promote yg ada di home)
kalau 5 orang aktif main, experience point kamu tiap work bakal ningkat sampai 4 x lipat.
yang biasanya cuma nambah 0.7 point, kalo ada teman kamu di bwh kamu, 5 orang yg aktif maen game ini, bakal meningkat jadi 3 point exp / tiap work.

Sekian ~

Best regards,

dewasega

Source : http://gameguidemg.blogspot.com/2013/10/semua-tentang-invest-experience.html

MARKET GLORY GAME GUIDE

2014-01-28T19:59:00.000+07:00

GAME GUIDE MARKETGLORY

untuk sign up dapat menggunakan link referral sayahttp://www.marketglory.com/strategygame/dewasega 1. Pertama begitu gabung dan masuk ke homepagenya langsung arahin cursor di kolom FIGHT, terus nanti ada Referral fight kayak di gambar, lalu kl
ik.

Klik attack seperti gambar di bawah ini (yg dilingkar merah)

Lalu klik attack now

Lihat di bagian atas kanan ada waktu yg menunjukkan fight kamu berlangsung, di dalam 1 x fight durasi nya 10 menit, jadi kalo 10 x fight = 10 x 10 menit(disarankan untuk hasil yg maksimal, fight 10x dalam tiap harinya)

Lakukan cara2 di atas berulang2 selama 10 x (karna batas maksimum fight dalam sehari hanya 10x) 2. Setelah selesai fight langsung arahkan cursor kamu ke kolom work, workplaces. klik

Di bagian ini klik pada bagian lingkaran merah (tapi di gambar Work not available, karna saya sudah menjalankan work tersebut, dapat dilihat dari kiri gambar yg dilingkar biru) kalau anda yg belum menjalankannya disana pasti tertulis work available.

Setelah itu anda harus menunggu durasi dari work tersebut seperti pada gambar yg dilingkar merah, sedangkan gambar yg dilingkar biru di tengah menunjukkan rumus produktivitas anda.(produktivitas akan saya bahas di bawah ini)

Untuk work hanya bisa 1 x 24 jam (misal kamu work jam 08.00 WIB, maka work ke 2 baru tersedia esok harinya jam 08.00 WIB ke atas) "BONUS WORK"didapat bila melakukan work 3 hari berturut2 tanpa terputus.(hari ke 1 work, hari ke 2 work, hari ke 3 work = dapat bonus)(hari ke 1 work, hari ke 2 tidak work, hari ke 3 work = tdk dpt bonus) UNTUK PEMAIN BARU "LAKUKAN FIGHT 10 X DAN WORK SETIAP HARI "(SEMAKIN SERING ANDA BERMAIN, SEMAKIN CEPAT PERKEMBANGAN YG KALIAN DAPAT) Fight 10x dan work setiap hari bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan modal awal. Setelah anda punya cukup modal, barulah anda mulai belajar masuk ke arena untuk berburu euro anda, atau belajar untuk berbisnis dengan membuka perusahaan. Perlu di ketahui, setiap kali anda melakukan work, anda meningkatkan experience point sebesar 0.7 point tiap work.dan 0.7 point itu bisa bertambah dengan persyaratan tertentu.

Apa kegunaan experience di game ini?? Experience merupakan kunci dalam permainan ini untuk mendapat "penghasilan" dari game ini. Semakin tinggi experience kamu, semakin besar peningkatan pendapatan kamu dari work. Sedikit saya bahas bagaimana experience berperan penting untuk meningkatkan pendapatan dari work dalam game ini, Disini ulasannya;

Sebelum kita menghitung pendapatan IDR dari work, kita harus mengetahui berapa nilai produktivity kita.
-Apa itu nilai produktivity : nilai yg diperoleh dari total energy, experience, dan knowledge di bagi 3, nilai yg jugamenunjang seberapa besar pendapatan kamu dari wage yg tertera di workplaces.

rumus produktivity : (energy point + experience point + knowledge point)/3
contoh:  Energy = 1
    Experience = 7
    Knowledge = 1

nilai produktivity: (1+7+1)/3 = 3

-Apa itu WAGE?? Wage adalah upah atau gaji maksimal yg diterima dalam work "JIKA nilai produktivity kita juga maksimal"

nilai produktivity yg maksimal adalah;
energy maks di point 100
experince maks di point 1900
knowledge maks di point 1000
Bila anda memiliki 3 modal itu secara maksimal, maka wage yg tertera di workplaces akan 100% anda terima
(bila wage 200, ya kamu dapet 200 penuh *tetep dipotong pajak master/pemerintah :p )

-Cara menghitung pendapatan IDR / wage dari work;
(Wage yg tertera di workplaces * nilai produktivity)/1000
contoh;
wage tertera 200IDR

nilai produktivity kita pakai contoh di atas (nilai produktivity = 3)

Jadi hasil pendapatan IDR dari work kita sebagai berikut;

(200*3)/1000 = 0.6 IDR tiap work.
Dan perlu di ingat, tiap work kita menambah IDR (uang) + experience, jadi bila hari ini kurang dari 1 IDR yg di dapat, 1 bulan kedepan bisa lebih dari 5 IDR tiap work yg kamu dapat. Contoh sesepuh yg mengharapkan keuntungan dari game ini hanya dengan work saja tiap harinya.

Dilihat dari gambar di atas, experiencenya 385, jika energy dan knowledge 1, dia punya nilai produktivity 387/3 = 129 dengan WAGE di angka 200, maka; Pendapatan IDR per worknya (129*200)/1000 = 25 IDR per work Dimana, 1 EURO = -/+ 50 IDR (Kurs tidak selalu sama / berubah2) Jadi dia cuma butuh 2 x work sudah dapat 1 EURO.Belum ditambah bonus pemerintah, arena dll. Kesimpulannya adalah; "Kamu rajin bermain, pendapatan kamu pun makin meningkat" YANG PERLU DIPERHATIKAN : * WAJIB FIGHT 10 x DAN WORK ! SETIAP HARINYA
* ENERGY DALAM 1 X FIGHT BERKURANG 10%, WORK BERKURANG 50%, TIDAK MELAKUKAN APAPUN BERKURANG 5% TIAP JAM (WALAUPUN DALAM KONDISI LOGOUT) * DILARANG MEMBUAT AKUN GANDA DALAM 1 KOMPUTER / 1 IP * DILARANG BERGANTI2 PERANGKAT MAIN KAMU (contoh; setiap hari main dengan komputer rumah, lalu besok coba2 main di laptop, besoknya lagi main lewat hp, besoknya lagi coba main lewat radio :hammer:) * SANGAT DISARANKAN BERMAIN GAME INI DI KOMPUTER RUMAH (PRIVAT) Untuk yang masih kebingungan bisa send PM ke inbox saya, caranya gampang, tinggal klik kotak surat "inbox", terus compose message, masukin nama tujuan pesan dan subject (jgn lupa isi curhatannya)

Terima kasih buat perhatiannya, semoga panduan ini dapat membantu teman2 dalam bermain. best regards
dewasega

contoh review jurnal administrasi negara

2013-03-24T20:53:00.000+07:00

Berikut adalah contoh review dari salah satu jurnal mengenai administrasi negara :

Tinjauan Jurnal Administrasi Negara

Oleh ....

Ilmu Administrasi Negara, FISIP UI

Judul : Reformasi Birokrasi di Indonesia: Beberapa Catatan Kritis

Penulis : Dr. Eko Prasojo

Data Publikasi : Jurnal Bisnis & Birokrasi No. 01/Vol. XIV/Januari/2006

I. Pendahuluan

Di Indonesia, Sistem Administrasi Negara yang menjadi pilar pelayanan publik menghadapi masalah
yang sangat fundamental. Pertama, sistem administrasi sekarang merupakan peninggalan pemerintah kolonial yang memiliki dasar hukum dan kepentingan kolonial. Struktur birokrasi, norma, nilai dan regulasi masih berorientasi pada pemenuhan kepentingan penguasa daripada Hak Sipil warga negara. Pola pikir birokrat sebagai penguasa bukan sebagai pelayan publik telah menyebabkan sulitnya melakukan perubahan kualitas pelayanan publik. Pengabaian peran birokrasi negara untuk pembangunan dan juga pembangunan dalam bidang birokrasi negara juga menjadi salah satu penyebab gagalnya pembangunan bangsa ini.

II. Pembahasan

Dengan gagalnya pembangunan bangsa, yang disebabkan oleh Sistem rekrutmen yang belum berdasarkan sistem meritokrasi, melainkan hubungan-hubungan kekerabatan seperti pertemanan, keluarga dan politik. Sistem perekrutan yang seperti ini yang menyebabkan timbulnya budaya korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme (KKN). Di sisi lain, kegagalan pembangunan di Indonesia juga disebabkan oleh ketiadaan grand design reformasi dan reposisi peran administrasi negara (birokrasi). Terdapat juga beberapa faktor yang saling mempengaruhi dalam gagalnya pembangunan di Indonesia, seperti faktor budaya, faktor individu, dan juga faktor organisasi manajemen.

a) Faktor Budaya

Dari faktor budaya, seperti kasus korupsi yang dilakukan oleh para pejabat baik yang tingkat atas maupun tingkat bawah juga sudah membudaya di Indonesia. Contohnya oleh para pejabat daerah dalam melayani warga masyarakat mereka suka meminta uang administrasi atau yang lebih familiar, uang rokok. Hal tersebut jika dilihat dari perspektif hukum merupakan sebuah tindakan koruptif, namun budaya korupsi seperti ini susah untuk diperiksa karena dilakukan tanpa pembuktian dan transaksi yang tertulis. Hal ini juga disebabkan oleh kurang mencukupinya gaji para pegawai negeri.

b) Faktor Individu

Perilaku individu juga menjadi salah satu penyebab yang mempengaruhi kualitas birokrasi di Indonesia. Perilaku individu sangat bersifat unik dan sangat tergantung pada mentalitas dan moralitas yang diyakini sebagai kebenaran, kejujuran dan keadilan. Individu yang tidak memiliki moralitas seringkali memanfaatkan otoritas jabatan hanya untuk kepentingannya sendiri. Dan parahnya individu yang memiliki moralitas baik seringkali tidak memiliki tempat dalam sistem pelayanan publik yang ada di Indonesia.

c) Faktor Organisasi dan Manajemen

Organisasi pelayanan publik di Indonesia yang masih bersifat hirarkis sentralistis, menyebabkan tidak memungkinkannya tanggung jawab terdesentralisasi pada Individu. Dan dalam aspek organisasi pelayanan publik di Indonesia, kepemimpinan tidak kredibel dan tidak memiliki visi organisasi yang dipimpinnya.

Berikut adalah berbagai cara yang harus dilakukan untuk mencapai reformasi Birokrasi yang ideal :

Ø Komitmen dan National Leadership, disini dijelaskan salah satu yang harus dilakukan kepala negara yaitu mereposisi dan merevitalisasi administrasi negara dengan tujuan menghasilkan efisiensi dan administrasi negara yang profesional, bersih dan berwibawa. Tidak hanya itu, komitmen dan national leadership juga harus berkomitmen dalam melakukan modernisasi birokrasi serta dalam menegakkan hukum dalam setiap pelanggaran birokratis.

Ø De-Kooptasi dan Netralisasi Birokrasi oleh Parpol, disini dijelaskan reformasi birokrasi harus meliputi perubahan sistem politik dan hukum secara menyeluruh, seperti perubahan mental dan budaya para birokrat dan juga masyarakat serta perubahan mindset dan komitmen pemerintah serta partai politik.

Ø Profesionalisasi Birokrasi, yang pertama dimulai dari penataan proses rekrutmen pegawai sampai ke penataan sistem penggajian dan pengawasan disiplin pegawai nnegeri sipil, semuanya harus bersifat profesional demi mencapai reformasi birokrasi. Profesionalisasi juga dilakukan untuk perubahan paradigma penyelenggaraan administrasi dari authority government based public services menjadi society based public services.

Ø Pengaturan Prosedur Administrasi Pemerintahan, salah satunya dengan penyusunan Undang-Undang tentang Prosedur Pemerintahan. Karena bila proses pemerintahan semakin baik, maka kepercayaan masyarakat dan para pebisnis juga semakin meningkat. Dengan begini akan memberikan dampak kondusif bagi iklim investasi di Indonesia sehingga dapat meningkatkan kemakmuran rakyat.

Ø Pakta Integritas dan Komitmen semua Pihak, tentu saja tanpa komitmen semua pihak reformasi birokrasi tidak akan berjalan. Jadi salah satu instrumen penting dalam reformasi birokrasi adalah pakta integritas. Karena dengan berkomitmen akan membawa birokrasi yang bersih dan berwibawa.

III. Kesimpulan

Sistem Administrasi Negara di Indonesia yang masih bersifat kolonialisme harus dirubah demi mencapai kepentingan bersama. Hal tersebut diupayakan untuk memenuhi aspirasi dan kebutuhan masyarakat. Dan juga Pola pikir para pejabat harus diubah dari sebagai penguasa menjadi pelayan publik karena pada hakikatnya para pejabat adalah pelayan dari masyarakat yang harus mengutamakan kepentingan masyarakat daripada kepentingan pribadi.

Demi menciptakan reformasi birokrasi yang baik dan bagus di Indonesia diperlukan juga beberapa tindakan seperti profesionalitas dalam bekerja dan juga komitmen dari semua pihak. Karena dengan kedua hal tersebut, akan menciptakan Sistem Pemerintahan di Indonesia ke arah yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan Sistem Pemerintahan Indonesia yang sebelumnya.

Dengan demikian, jika reformasi birokrasi di Indonesia sudah membaik akan meningkatkan iklim investasi di Indonesia yang diharapkan mampu meningkatkan tingkat kesejahteraan, pelayanan dan kemakmuran masyarakat yang menjadi produk utama dari sistem Administrasi Negara

Badan Eksekutif, Legislatif, dan Yudikatif

2013-03-24T20:47:00.001+07:00

Badan Eksekutif, Legislatif, dan Yudikatif

Badan Eksekutif

§ Dalam sistem presidensial menteri-menteri merupakan pembantu presiden dan langsung dipimpin olehnya, sedangkan dalam sistem parlementer para menteri dipimpin oleh seorang perdana menteri.

§ Karena penyelenggaraan kesejahteraan rakyat merupakan tugas pokok dari setiap negara, apalagi jika ia tergolong Negara Kesejahteraan (Welfare State), maka kegiatan badan eksekutif mempengaruhi semua aspek kehidupan masyarakat (pendidikan, pelayanan kesehatan, perumahan, pekerjaan dsb)

Wewenang Badan Eksekutif

1. Administratif, yakni kekuasaan untuk melaksanakan undang-undang dan menyelenggarakan administrasi negara

2. Legislatif, membuat rancangan undang-undang

3. Keamanan, yakni kekuasaan untuk mengatur polisi dan angkatan bersenjata, menyelenggarakan perang, pertahanan negara, serta keamanan dalam negeri

4. Yudikatif, memberi grasi, amnesti, dan sebagainya

5. Diplomatik, yakni kekuasaan untuk menyelenggarakan hubungan diplomatik dengan negara lain.

Beberapa Macam Badan Eksekutif

1. Sistem Parlementer dengan Parliamentary Executive

Contoh: Inggris

§ Kekuasaan Raja bersifat simbolis. Kekuasaan sesungguhnya ada di tangan perdana menteri yang memimpin para menteri.

§ Masa hidup suatu kabinet tergantung pada dukungan dalam badan legislatif.

§ Ada dua partai politik yang dominan, yaitu Partai Konservatif dan Partai Buruh, sehingga partai yang menang dalam pemilu dapat mengharapkan dukungan mayoritas dalam parlemen, sedangkan partai oposisi hanya ada satu yang menonjol.

2. Sistem Presidensial dengan Fixed Executive atau Non-Parliamentary Executive

Contoh Amerika Serikat

§ Badan eksekutif terdiri atas presiden beserta menteri-menterinya yang merupakan pembantunya. Presiden dinamakan Chief Executive.

§ Masa jabatan empat tahun, boleh diperpanjang delapan tahun kalau dipilih kembali.

Badan Eksekutif di Indonesia.

§ Presiden Soeharto adalah tokoh yang tampil setelah Gerakan 30 September/PKI, yang memimpin usaha pemberantasan komunis di Indonesia

§ Keberhasilan Orde Baru dalam membangun ekonomi, termasuk keberhasilan swasembada beras, memberikan kedudukan dominan yang semakin kokoh bagi Presiden Soeharto.

§ Dominasi mutlak dalam politik menghasilkan penyelewengan kekuasaan. Kebebasan berbicara tidak diperbolehkan sama sekali, persaingan politik antara dua partai politik dan Golkar menghilang, peranan ABRI semakin besar, munculnya keluarga Soeharto sebagai pengusaha besar (konglomerat) yang menggunakan kekuasaan, fasilitas, dan keuangan negara untuk kepentingan bisnis mereka (maraknya praktik Korupsi Kolusi dan Nepotisme)

§ Masa sesudah Orde Baru dikenal sebagai Orde Reformasi, tujuannya melakukan perubahan politik sehingga sistem politik Indonesia lebih demokratis.

§ Hasil amandemen UUD 1945:

1. Masa Jabatan presiden dipertegas selama lima tahun

2. Pemilihan umum untuk memilih Presiden/wakil Presiden secara langsung oleh rakyat.

3. Mempersulit pemecatan (impeachment) presiden oleh MPR

4. Presiden tidak dapat diberhentikan oleh DPR karena masalah-masalah politik, sebaliknya, presiden tidak dapat membubarkan DPR.

@ Presiden membutuhkan dukungan yang cukup kuat sehingga memerlukan adanya partai politik atau koalisi partai politik yang kuat sehingga presiden dapat memerintah dengan baik.

Badan Legislatif

§ Badan Legislatif atau Legislature mencerminkan salah satu fungsi badan itu yaitu legislate, atau membuat undang-undang. Nama lain yang dipakai ialah Assembly. Nama lain lagi adalah Parliament.

§ Menurut teori, rakyatlah yang berdaulat; rakyat yang berdaulat ini mempunyai suatu “kehendak”. Karena itu keputusan-keputusannya, baik yang bersifat kebijakan maupun undang-undang mengikat seluruh masyarakat.

Masalah Perwakilan (Representasi)

§ Dewasa ini anggota badan legislatif pada umumnya mewakili rakyat melalui partai politik.

§ Beberapa negara mengikutsertakan wakil dari golongan-golongan yang dianggap memerlukan perlindungan khusus. Mis: wakil dari kalangan kebudayaan, kesusasteraan, dan pekerja sosial.

Sistem Satu Majelis dan Sistem Dua Majelis

§ Ada negara yang memakai sistem satu majelis (House of Representatives atau Lower House). Negara lain memakai sistem dua majelis yaitu Upper House atau Senate.

Fungsi Badan Legislatif

§ Menentukan kebijakan (policy) dan membuat undang-undang. Untuk itu badan legislatif diberi hak inisiatif, hak untuk mengadakan amandemen terhadap rancangan undang-undang yang disusun oleh pemerintah dan terutama di bidang budget atau anggaran.

§ Mengontrol badan eksekutif, dalam arti menjaga agar semua tindakan badan eksekutif sesuai dengan kebijakan-kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan. Untuk menyelenggarakan tugas ini, badan eksekutif perwakilan rakyat diberi hak-hak kontrol khusus, seperti hak bertanya, interpelasi dsb.

(i) Anggota badan legislatif berhak untuk mengajukan pertanyaan kepada pemerintah mengenai sesuatu masalah dan mengorek informasi mengenai kebijakan pemerintah. Kegiatan ini banyak menarik perhatian media massa.

(ii) Interpelasi, yaitu hak untuk meminta keterangan kepada pemerintah mengenai kebijakan di suatu bidang. Badan eksekutif wajib memberi penjelasan dalam sidang pleno, yang mana dibahas oleh anggota-anggota dan diakhiri dengan pemungutan suara mengenai apakah keterangan pemeritah memuaskan atau tidak. Dalam hal terjadi perselisihan antara badan legislatif dan badan eksekutif, interpelasi dapat dijadikan batu loncatan untuk diajukan mosi tidak percaya.

(iii) Angket (Enquete), adalah hak anggota badan legislatif untuk mengadakan penyelidikan sendiri.

(iv) Mosi, merupakan hak kontrol yang paling ampuh. Jika badan legislatif menerima suatu mosi tidak percaya, maka dalam sistem parlementar kebinet harus mengundurkan diri dan terjadi suatu krisis kabinet. Pada masa reformasi, anggota DPR (1994-2004) menggunakan hak mosi ketika melakukan pemakzulan Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid sebagai presiden tahun 2001.

Badan Yudikatif

§ Dalam tiap negara hukum badan yudikatif haruslah bebas dari campur tangan badan eksekutif demi penegakan hukum dan keadilan serta menjamin hak-hak asasi manusia.

Kekuasaan Badan Yudikatif di Indonesia Setelah Masa Reformasi

§ Amandemen menyebutkan penyelenggaraan kekuasaan kehakiman terdiri atas Mahkamah Agung dan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Mahkamah Agung bertugas untuk menguji peraturan perundangan di bawah UU terhadap UU. Sedangkan Mahkamah Konstitusi mempunyai kewenangan menguji UU terhadap UUD 45.

§ Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) berwenang untuk:

1. Mengadili pada tingkat pertama dan terakhir yang keputusannya bersifat final untuk:

- Menguji undang-undang terhadap UUD 1945 (Judicial Review)

- Memutus sengketa kewenangan lembaga negara

- Memutus pembubaran partai politik

- Memutus perselisihan tentang hasil pemilihan umum.

2. Memberikan keputusan pemakzulan (impeachment) presiden dan/atau wakil presiden atas permintaan DPR karena melakukan pelanggaran berupa pengkhianatan terhadap negara, korupsi, penyuapan, tindak pidana berat, atau perbuatan tercela.

§ Mahkamah Agung (MA): Mahkamah Agung berwenang mengadili pada tingkat kasasi. Mahkamah Agung menguji peraturan perundang-undangan di bawah undang-undang terhadap undang-undang.

§ Komisi Yudisial (KY): adalah suatu lembaga baru yang bebas dan mandiri, yang berwenang mengusulkan pengangkatan hakim agung dan berwenang dalam rangka menegakkan kehormatan dan perilaku hakim.

§ Berbagai upaya untuk menegakkan supremasi hukum dan modernisasi hukum, salah satunya adalah dengan dibentuknya lembaga-lembaga baru:

(i) Komisi Hukum Nasional (KHN): Tujuannya untuk mewujudkan sistem hukum nasional demi menegakkan supremasi hukum dan hak-hak asasi manusia berdasarka keadilan dan kebenaran dengan melakukan pengkajian masalah-masalah hukum.

(ii) Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK)

(iii) Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan

(iv) Komisi Ombudsman Nasional (KON): Tujuannya, melalui peran serta masyarakat, membantu menciptakan atau mengembangkan kondisi yang kondusif dalam melaksanakan pemberantasan korupsi, Kolusi, dan Nepotisme (KKN), dan meningkatkan perlindungan hak-hak masyarakat agar memperoleh pelayanan umum, keadilan, dan kesejahteraan secara lebih baik.

Top 100 Forex Resources

2012-10-08T22:41:00.000+07:00

More again about forex that i just got from the internet, well then i will post it now..

Top 100 Forex Resources

The average daily forex trading volume currently exceeds $1.9 trillion. With so much on the line, we’ve put together a list of our favorite 100 forex resources to help you become a knowledgeable forex trader. The following resources were chosen for the quality of information and training tools offered. Although some of these tools are located on commercial sites, you’ll find value in materials produced by professionals. Other sites were chosen for the resources that they offered for a price (like books), but they’re all geared specifically toward the forex trader. The chosen sites are written in the English language, but some individuals, businesses, and organizations are located in areas other than the United States. All sites are lis
ted in alphabetical order within the following categories:

Topics Covered in this Article

Beginner’s Paradise

If you’re a forex newbie, the following sites will help you get a grip on the similarities and differences between forex trading and stock exchange trading. Take advantage of free resources before you dedicate any serious cha-ching to training.

Tip’d: Investing and Finance Social Media / News — Get the latest forex, commodities, and market news from the largest investing social media site.
Currency College
— Currency College delivers a variety of course offerings with classes that are held at the student’s convenience. Each class is followed by homework and tests; each course lasts about six weeks; and each class contains about ten students. Emphasis is given to risk management. This is not free education, but if you bring referrals to Currency College you could earn a scholarship toward your tuition. This site has plenty of free resources, however, like a comparative chart for various trading platforms so you can make an educated choice about trading platforms.
CyberTrading University — This site offers free forex training through a two-hour video that includes a brief history, PIP spreads, majors and crosses, economic indicators, fundamental analysis, technical analysis, short-term long-term fundamentals, trading rules, leverage and margin, trading psychology, Fibonacci Retracement Levels, moving averages, oscillators, Candlestick Charts, Bollinger Bands, and more.
Forex Charting 101 — A brief and basic overview of forex charts from Pip Trader. You’ll discover that the charts are very similar to those that you might use for securities trading. But, some of the charts may seem more complicated if you’re not a seasoned trader.
Forex Realm —
Possibly the most comprehensive and thorough forex education online. Learn about everything from currency codes to exotic trading strategies through articles, graphics, and concise examples.
Forex-Training.com
— Fairly comprehensive training with a free demo account. The highlight to this site is their explanations about various charts.
FX Home Trader
— Focus on the information about technical analysis, where you can learn more about Fibonacci Trading, Pivot Points, and more. Their Forex Facts also contain some valuable information.
FX Power Trading Course — Offered by FXCM, this paid course is one step up from free at the current price. Learn how to time the market, recognize trends, and basics in fundamental and technical analysis through this eight-day course.
Investopedia on Forex — An extensive 10-part article on forex investing, from an introduction to a recap that covers everything from benefits and risks to technical analysis. If you can’t get enough of Investopedia’s information, head to a list of their Forex articles, where you can learn more and download their free e-Book entitled, “High Probability Trading Setups for the Currency Market.”
Law of Charts
— Joe Ross offers advice for traders across the board, but the information contained in his “Law of Charts” offer speaks to forex as well as any other trading strategy. He identifies chart patterns that result from human behaviors and points to entry and exit targets on those charts. You can take advantage of Ross’s other tools as well, including the forum.
Learn4X — This is an interesting site simply because it contains several tests that help you determine if you have the ‘guts’ and knowledge to be a trader. They also offer a free online seminar.
Informed Trades Video Course — 8 Video modules covering the basics of forex trading and then some.
Market Traders Institute (MTI) — You don’t need to spend a lot of money to train in forex markets. MTI offers many free resources such as videos and lesson plans that will help you get off the ground. If you like what you hear and see, you can invest in materials for the advanced trader down the road.
My Forex Trading Tools — A site that contains overviews on everything from fundamentals to options.
Online Training Academy — Free basics on FX trading via video, offered by Mike McMahon. You need to register, but you can opt out of contact lists with a click of a box.
School of Pipsology — A lighthearted forex education from Kindergarten to College so the beginner knows exactly where he stands in an attempt to grasp the forex market.
Straight Forex — Provides high quality forex training for serious traders.

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Blogs & News

The following list provides a variety of news from both professional and single-investor resources.

A Forex Loser
— The name of the blog ought to warn you. This blog contains a different perspective on trading, with an emphasis on trading psychology. Some great trading tips.
Currency Secrets
— Not updated daily, but plenty of resources in historical entries. The focus is on currency, but you can find plenty of reviews and tips here as well.
DailyFX — Sponsored by Forex Capital Markets (FXCM), this site offers a free weekly trading lesson, a forum, economic calendar, and free quarterly outlook reports.
Forex News — At-a-glance links to news and analyses.
Forex Project — A fascinating blog written by a forex beginner who logs his experiences in a journal, through established goals, and with a full trade history. This blogger currently is under pressure from a fulltime job, and he’s considering a transition from day trading to going long on his investments. Should be an interesting read. Be sure to check out this blogger’s list of references, including a nice beta risk calculator.
FX Boot Camp — Wayne McDonell offers his boot camp theories for free at his blog on FXStreet (see next).
FXStreet — Breaking news, commentary. Sponsored by Global Forex Trading (GFT).
Peter Bain Forex Trading Commentary — Peter Bain’s commentary needs to be good, as it’s a tool to push his training course. You can take advantage of his free podcasts as well.
Piptopia —
This is Rob Booker’s blog on forex. He’s a currency trader and trainer and he’s been at this blog for two years, so you’ll find some interesting history here.
Grace Cheng’s Forex Blog — “Not long after my graduation, I was introduced to forex trading, and since then, have never looked back.” Outside of her blog, Cheng writes for a number of trading and investment magazines.
Quantitative Trading — Dr. Ernest Chan’s take on automated, statistical trading strategies.
Trader Mike — Michael is a trader, and this blog is a trading journal of sorts. Although he considers himself a swing/position trader, he switched to day trading in 2005. Although this blog doesn’t focus on forex per se, you can learn plenty about trading strategies here.

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Charts

You can’t trade without charts, but the chart that you use is a matter of personal preference. The list below provides a nice pool to pick from:

DailyFX Chart — You can manipulate this chart by type, time scale, view, and much more. Java based.
Free Forex Charts
— From simple to Premium to System Trading, simply the best choice of charts around.
Forex-Market
— This site offers two free, real-time charting applications, one Web-based and the other a stand-alone Java applet.
Live Currency Chart — This chart, offered by FXStreet (see Blogs & News above), is also Java based. A nice feature is the Drag&Drop that allows traders to pull indicators out of the Studies window and up into the Chart window.

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Currency & Converters

Currencies can be confusing, especially when you learn that many lots are purchased in pairs. You can learn about specific currencies when you type the names of that currency into a search engine. For instance, you can learn more about the Euro at that currency’s official site. But, if you don’t know what to look for, the information found in the following sites will help you out:

ADVFN Forex Symbol Table — Comprehensive list of currencies. When you click on the currency symbol you’ll reach a page where that currency is represented through currency exchange rate tables and historical exchange rate charts.
ExchangeRate.com
— Try out the “hot” and “currency info” links that provide information about everything you’d want to know about worldwide currencies for 170 countries. Includes calculators, fun facts, serious facts, and more.
Go Currency — Reliable currency converter and money conversion service.
List of Currencies — This is an extensive list provided by Wikipedia that covers everything from ancient coinage to the current Yen. As with most Wikipedia lists, you might run across a link or two that doesn’t contain information. But, you can use that information to search elsewhere if needed.
Oanda
— Excellent set of currency converter tools from historical currency exchange rates for over 164 currencies to traveler’s cheat sheets to customizable products. Visit their detailed currency converter FAQ page if you have questions.
X-Rates — More than a currency list or a converter, this site will bring you up-to-date on every bit of information you’d need to know as a forex trader.
XE.com — A basic currency converter backed up by other tools on this site, such as current and historic rate tables and a free email currency update service.

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Directories & Portals

The following resources offer choices beyond the ones listed here. Since forex is a booming individual trader industry, expect to find new sites popping up weekly.

Forex Central
— You want it? They have most of it (blogs are missing). Resources aren’t rated.
Forex Directory
— This site is a little difficult to slug through, but worth it for the resources provided.
Pip Trader — This site contains a forum, live quotes and charts, news, reports, and a “mini-game” that has nothing to do with forex, but that might help you lighten up a bit.
Top 100 Forex Sites
— Although these sites are rated by popularity and, therefore, subject to rating scams, you can learn much from the sites that are listed simply from the variety of information that’s offered here. Many sites are brokerage firms, but as I mentioned previously you can find free information on many of these sites such as news, calculators, techniques, and more.

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Economic Calendars & Indicators

Economic calendars and indicators are vital tools for fundamental research. The sites below will give you simple and detailed options.

Economic Indicators
— A government site brought to you by the Economics and Statistics Administration at the US Department of Commerce. Their mission is to provide timely access to the daily releases of key economic indicators from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the US Census Bureau.
Forex Economic Calendar
— What better place to find an excellent economic calendar than a site that focuses on this tool?
Global Forex Trading (GFT) — A detailed look into the next month’s international monetary future based on GMT.
InfoForex
— Brief overviews on various sectors from Auto and Truck Sales to a Monthly Wholesale Trade report based upon the US Census.

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Fibonacci & Candlesticks

Fibonacci and Japanese Candlestick charts may seem difficult, but with the right training you can master both technical strategies.

Fibonacci
— This is the home page for Dr. Ron Knott’s multimedia Web site on the Fibonacci numbers, the Golden section and the Golden string hosted by the Mathematics
Department of the University of Surrey, UK. Simple to use, easy to understand, and filled with illustrations to help you learn why some numbers are so important
to nature. These numbers are also of vast interest to many forex investors.
Fibonacci Forex Indicators — Forex Planet will begin to show you how to apply Fibs to forex in this easy-to-understand lesson. But, the lesson is short, so you might try the next resource as well.
Fibonacci Method in Forex charts — This lesson also applies to forex, and it offers a short tutorial on applications along with a downloadable Fib calculator.
Japanese Candlesticks — FX Words offers a simple and succinct explanation for candlesticks, including bullish and bearish patterns.
Japanese Candlesticks (Elliott Gann) — A comprehensive tutorial that covers all the basic terminology and explains each term with appropriate graphics, offered by the ElliottGann site.
Japanese Candlestick Trading Forum — It costs to become a member, but you can access all the candlestick basics for free on this site.

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Forecasts and Signals

The following resources use a mix of fundamental and technical analyses to formulate their prognoses:

AceTrader
— True 24 hours real-time analysis for up-to-the-minute recommendations and analysis.
e-Forex — Free trading signals. Dig into their historical records to understand their precision.
Forex Predictions
— Currently free daily and weekly high-low signals through the Web site and by email. This site is a division of RDC Bancorp, Inc., a foreign exchange services company.
Forex Signals — FinoTek provides signals and trends with charts. Check out their archived signals to determine credibility.
Investica Ltd.
— Online information and free e-newsletters filled with signals and forecasts.
Open Forex — Daily forecasts in real trade and analytical articles on forex basic currency pairs.

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Forums and Communities

Forex Factory
— You’ll find a Forex Beginner Q&A section as well as topics that focus on specific strategies and techniques.
Forex TSD — Go ahead and lurk in this forum until you feel comfortable. Then register for free to access the forum and a calendar. The paid “elite” subscription offers detailed statements of currently more than 20 trading systems.
Global View Forums
— Another free forum that’s been around since 1996.
MoneyTec — With over 33,000 members, this traders’ forum offers a format to discuss trading ideas, share, learn, and build new trading techniques and strategies.

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Fundamental Research

The following list contains comprehensive information about economic fundamentals for your research:

Bureau of Economic Analysis
(BEA) — Get the straight stuff from the US Department of Commerce like the pros. Everyone from the White House staff to US Trade Commission employees to trade policy officials who want to negotiate international trade agreements use the measurements contained on the BEA Web site.
Consumer Price Index
(CPI) — The US Department of Labor offers a ton of information just on this page alone through their links.
Forex Daily Fundamentals — XpressTrade offers a daily focus on forex fundamentals.
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) – An international organization which fosters international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks. As such, this organization offers valuable information through their publications and research as well as through many other resources offered on this site. They also maintain a list of Central Bank Web sites.
The Fundamentals of Forex — Forex TV brings you the lowdown on what type of news would affect forex from a fundamental standpoint. You can use the information on this list to conduct further research.

Glossaries

Forex Glossary
— The only drawback to this glossary is that the “A-Z” tab doesn’t include a total listing of all the terms under the single-letter tabs. Comprehensive.
Forex.com Glossary
— An at-a-glance glossary contained on one page.
Glossary of Forex Terms [PDF] — This printable file, offered by FX International Group, contains all the basics.

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Government Regulation

Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) — The ASIC’s regulatory coverage includes the forex market. Use their search box to learn more about their reach and responsibility.
Commodities Futures Trading Commission
(CFTC) — The CFTC operates along the same lines as the SEC
(Securities and Exchange Commission), except this government organization focuses on protecting market users and the public from fraud in the futures and option markets. So keep this site handy to stay on top of any forex scams through their Consumer Advisory on Forex Fraud. You can learn quickly what to avoid in your learning curve through a detailed forex advisory that offers information about other resources as well.
Financial Services Authority
(FSA) — An independent non-governmental body located in the UK, given statutory powers by the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. Use their search box to locate information about the UK forex market and regulations.
National Futures Association
(NFA) — The NFA is “the premier independent provider of efficient and innovative regulatory programs that safeguard the integrity of the derivatives markets,” which basically means that this organization regulates any market that depends upon future cash flows. The “investor information” section contains materials about how to find a broker and basic lessons in forex trading. Plus, they publish forex warnings, news, and they offer a place for investor disputes and complaints.

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Market Reports

KBC
[PDF] — A Comprehensive “Morning Report” from this Belgian foreign exchange bank (in English).
Mellon
— FX Daily report from Mellon Financial Corporation, with links to American and European editions and past issues.
SaxoBank
— Daily market update from this foreign exchange service in London.
Scotia Capital [PDF] — Daily report with corresponding links for further reading from this Canadian foreign exchange bank.
UBS
— Daily summary for forex markets sponsored by this Swiss foreign exchange bank.

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Nonprofit Associations

Australian Technical Analysts Association (ATAA) — A non-profit association of both professional technical analysts and anyone who uses technical analysis for private investing, trading or advising.
International Compliance Association
(ICA) — The ICA is a professional organization dedicated to the furtherance of best compliance and anti money laundering practice in the financial services sector.
The Financial Markets Association (ACI) — ACI has the largest membership of any of the international associations in the wholesale financial markets. The Head Office is based in Paris.

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Practice

Some of the best demonstration tools are owned by forex brokerages. The following were chosen for their reliability and popularity. Be aware that some brokerages will request your permission to be contacted by mail, phone, or email. In some cases you might want this contact, as they will provide support for your training. In all cases you can walk away if their training and trading platforms don’t turn you on.

CMS Forex — Customize your practice with unlimited funds on CMS Forex’s VT Trader 1.8.5.1, a program that includes an API so that you can customize your solution. This software offers a point-and-click open and close positions directly on the chart. Access over 100 indicators, Reuters Forex related news and market analytics, and an “autopilot” feature. You can reach their customer support team by phone, live chat, or e-mail.
Forex Trading USA — Free 30-day demo with a Mini ($2,000 virtual cash, 200:1 leverage, 10k lot size) or Standard ($25,000 virtual cash, 100:1 leverage, 100k lot size). Their free education is a nice plus.
FXSolutions
— Use $10,000 in practice funds with full access to FXSol’s new charting solution, FX AccuCharts. Backed by 24/7 customer service.
Global Forex Trading
— Download their DealBook 360 to practice forex trading with live, dealable prices, real-time data, and free real-time breaking world and financial news. The software features forex charts, more than 85 technical indicators (for standard size GFT trading accounts) and the ability to build your own indicators. You have a choice about the amount of beginning funds, from $2,500 to $50,000.

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Real-Time Quotes

ACM
— Pick pairs and watch the quotes. ACM includes a manual [PDF] that explains in detail how to manipulate the chart to your liking. Must have Java plugin.
Forex Trading Charts
— Real-time forex quotes. This site also contains real-time forex charting tools with editable indicators.
FXQuote
— Scroll down the page, as the real-time quotes are located at bottom left. Based upon ET.
Live Forex Quotes — You might recognize the GFT logo behind the rates, but don’t let that distract you from the constantly changing figures. If you’re addicted to live feeds, you’ll be mesmerized by the constantly changing currency rates on this chart.
SaxoBank
— Scroll down the page a bit, as the quotes are located at the bottom left on this page, based upon GMT.

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Technical Indicators

The following three resources offer the most succinct information about technical overlays and indicators. You can find many more resources at some of the sites previously listed under the Beginner’s section, under many of the Blogs & News resources, and at various brokerages.

Forex-Business Technical Indicators — Where the other two sites offer great technical indicator explanations, this site offers 10 charts that illustrate some of those terms.
IQ Chart
— This company offers a list of technical overlays and indicators with short and easy-to-understand explanations. Take a look at their chart patterns while at this site, as this company is a provider of stock charting software to individual investors and technical analysts.
Technical Indicators — Definitions provided by MetaQuotes Software.

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X-Tras

IFXTAG — The International Forex Traders Affinity Group provides individual investors access to products and services that are evaluated by top professionals and their members. IFXTAG is committed to harnessing the potential to make electronic trading work for their global community of subscribers. Membership is free, but the resources are not. Members, however, do receive free trials and discounts to various services.
Traders Press, Inc.
— An online bookstore specifically for traders.

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Source: http://www.forexblog.org/2007/04/top-100-forex-resources.html

Global Warming

2012-10-08T21:29:00.001+07:00

well, for a new blog,im still confuse what i should post, but i think im gonna share something about global warming..

Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century and its projected continuation. Since the early 20th century, Earth's mean surface temperature has increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and scientists are more than 90% certain that it is primarily caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. These findings are recognized by the national science academies of all major industrialized nations.

Climate model projections were summarized in the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). They indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 1.1 to 2.9 °C (2 to 5.2 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario and 2.4 to 6.4 °C (4.3 to 11.5 °F) for their highest. The ranges of these estimates arise from the use of models with differing sensitivity to greenhouse gas concentrations.

(According to AR4) warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe. The effects of an increase in global temperature include a rise in sea levels and a change in the amount and pattern of precipitation, as well a probable expansion of subtropical deserts. Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects of the warming include a more frequent occurrence of extreme-weather events including heat waves, droughts and heavy rainfall, ocean acidification and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the loss of habitat from inundation.

Proposed policy responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, and possible future geoengineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) climate change. Parties to the UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. Reports published in 2011 by the United Nations Environment Programme and the International Energy Agency[24] suggest that efforts as of the early 21st century to reduce emissions may be inadequate to meet the UNFCCC's 2 °C target.

Computer Programming

2012-10-07T22:50:00.004+07:00

<data:blog.pageName/> | <data:blog.title/> <data:blog.pageTitle/> | Computer Programming| Computer Programming Programming is a lot of fun and extraordinarily useful. While you learn to program, you'll also develop a host of other analytical and critical thinking skills for tackling all sorts of complex problems (not just ones on computers) and it may just help you start a new career or land a new job in software development.

Computer programming is almost always done in some sort of Programming Language. These languages are written so that humans can understand them, but are formal and rigorous enough to input into a machine.

Programming languages are a way for you to express your thoughts about how to perform a specific task. As such, the programming language you start out with will inherently influence how you think about a particular problem. This influence is usually called the programming language's paradigm.

There are hundreds – even thousands – of programming languages out there. (Programmers like to write new programming languages.) You don't need to learn them all to be a good programmer, in fact, many of them use the same paradigm as other languages, so by learning one programming language, you'll probably have a “Reading knowledge” of several others and be able to learn it completely rather quickly.

Some languages are geared for specific purposes. C, Java, etc are meant to be “general purpose” languages for building software and computer applications (like a web browser!) Languages like PHP are meant for dynamic websites (like wikiHow!) And there are others still: Python, Perl, etc are “general scripting languages” meant for performing a wide variety of small tasks.

Source: http://www.wikihow.com/Start-Learning-Computer-Programming

What is Forex? (Foreign Exchange)

2012-10-07T22:34:00.001+07:00

The simple sense of Forex (Forex currency exchange, Foreign Exchange) is simultaneous purchase and sale of the currency or the exchange of one country's currency for the one of another country. The world currencies do not have a fixed exchange rate and are always fluctuating, since each are traded in the currency pairs like Euro/Dollar, Dollar/Yen and others. 85% of daily trades are taken by major currencies trading.

Investments usually deal with 4 major pairs: Euro against US dollar, US dollar against Japanese yen, British pound against US dollar, and US dollar against Swiss franc or EUR/USD, USD/JPY, GBP/USD, and USD/CHF used to sign these pairs accordingly. These major pairs are considered as the Forex market's "blue chips.� You will not receive any dividends on the currencies. Well known "buy low - sell high" gives the profit for currency trades.

In case you have a forecast that one currency would get higher to another, you can exchange the second one for the first one and wait for the profit. If you are lucky to see the trades following your forecast you can make an opposite transaction and to exchange currencies back gaining the profit.

Forex brokerage companies, also known as major banks dealers, carry out Forex transactions. Forex market is worldwide and your European colleagues may make a transaction with Japanese traders when it is time for you to sleep in the North America. There are 3 shifts for the major institutions to work in due to 24-hours a day activity of the Forex market. It's possible to ask for overnight execution for take-profit and stop-loss orders of the client.

Prices in the Forex market fluctuate without any dramatic changes unlike stock market where considerable gaps are likely to be seen. There isn't any problems entering and exit the market due to its daily turnover of about $1.2 trillion. Forex market can never be forced to stop. The transactions were carried out even in 2001, on September 11th.

Foreign exchange market (also called Forex of FX to shorten the name) is the oldest market in the world. It is also seen to be the largest one. Since currencies' primary market work 24-hours a day, Forex is also the largest market with highest liquidity. This is an interbank market carrying out spot (or cash) transactions. The currency futures market, to be compared with Forex is traded only 1% as much.

Forex market does not have any exchange center unlike the stock market. Forex trading seem to go after the sun around the world, from banks of the United States to other parts of the world like Australia, New Zealand, the Far East or Europe and back to the US some time later.

High minimum amount of transaction and strict financial requirements used to make this interbank market unavailable for small speculators. The only dealers of currency markets were banks, huge-amount speculators, and largest currency dealers. They had an ultimate access to this market dealing with lots of primary exchange rates of the world currencies, the market with an extremely high liquidity along with an unusually strong nature of trends.

Nowadays small traders have an opportunity to purchase the small lots (units), because of the large inter-bank units being split by market maker brokers like FX Solutions, at the amount they like.

The traders of any size like small companies and individual speculators have an access to the market at the same price fluctuations and exchange rates, which only large players used to enjoy recently. Market makers monitor the rates so that produce their profit on the difference of rates at which the currency was bought and sold.

Foreign Exchange Market has an acronymic name Forex. It has the largest size and the liquidity throughout the world nowadays. Forex daily transactions are carried out at the common amount from 1 to 3 trillion dollars. No stock market is able to deal with a comparable amount of money.

This enormous market is like the dangerous sea where you can meet lots of sharks and dangerous waters but at the same time, it is the only one where two weeks of trading can hypothetically bring you $1,000,000 out of $1,000 of initial investment.

This is certainly hypothetically because many newbie traders deal with their trades as gambling, that surely bring them to having nothing in the end. You should always keep the phrase "be careful!" in your mind. This market would give you its profit possibilities only if you learn the basic things hard and make lots of demo trading.

The statistics is that as much as 95% of traders come to losing their money at Forex, 5% have profit, and less than 1% of traders make large fortune at Forex. You should not produce, sell, or advertise anything trading at Forex. Your assets are your knowledge, experience and a small amount of cash.

This market is a platform for banks, transnational corporations, and individual traders to change the currencies they possess into other ones. This is the spot Forex market. In this market, you can trade with up to 1:400 leverage. This means you will receive $400 (to your account) for each dollar invested. Therefore, you can trade with the $400,000 sum having invested $1,000 onto your account.

Still, there are lots of experienced traders who consider such leverage to be dangerous and will not proceed forward. Nevertheless, if you know how to use such high leverage, it will only do you good. However, this is the place to stop speaking about the basic things. Keep reading these articles if you want to be aware of how this market has occurred and some of its historical matters.

Now it is time to speak about the strategies and the way of making money at Forex some traders use. First, we should say that the things that work in one case do not certainly work in another. The fact is that currency trading surely means risk. Still, there are a number of strategies for the newbie to use to be the winner.

Forex trading may seem very easy but it is not. Your high today earnings may turn into considerable losses even of your starting capital tomorrow. Newbie traders are likely to make the same mistakes several times. Here is a list of such typical mistakes.

1. There is no use of searching the "Holy Grail"

This phrase is to think for those who are scared of losses or being too greedy does his best to get rich in no time. You can surely make lots of money some of the time and there isn't a necessity of producing and advertising anything but a huge homework is required to learn first. You have to know how this market works and which factors can take the exchange rate up or down. You should also be aware of the effective management for your money not to lose everything.

The majority of traders starting at Forex, look for their ultimate strategy that will cause no losses and will bring only profit. The desire of such people is to make a strategy that guarantees stable profit and millions of earnings in a short time without any losses for them to quit and enjoy their fortune and the new huge house. This will never bring any success.

No strategy will give you only profit and such research is only waste of time. High profits of trading are caused by high risk, and you will not earn a fortune without being on the knife-edge. Do not be sure that every trade will close in advantage to you. You will always feel uncertain and there is no way to vanish it. It means that you should always be ready to the possibility of your strategy failing even if it is thought as perfect.

You will save a plenty of time and nerves by avoiding the search for the perfect strategy of earning millions. Even if you find this strategy, you will not ever need it. You will see why later.

2. Apply fundamental and technical analysis.

At the beginning of my trading, I relied only on the money management on which I wanted to base my strategy and saw no sense of these analyses. However, money management, which is still very important, does not worth omitting them. You can forecast the direction of the market basing on your technical and fundamental strategies to see their effectiveness.

You'll be able to make forecasts of price movements by applying the past data of the prices and graphs to the technical analysis methods. You can predict future prices with the level of accuracy dependent on your technical analysis skills using the graphs of the rates you observe.

Trading with some brokers you can see technical indicators along with the graphs. You can apply it to your demo account and estimate your prediction skills necessary for planning trading decisions.

It is impossible to choose the most effective indicator among lots of various ones. Each trader has to decide for himself which indicator is best for him. You cannot find any magic formula; you just see the graphs, make your forecasts and find out whether they come true seeing the values in the news later.

Your decisions form this formula along with your knowledge that occurs out of the practical experience. Starting trading with an online broker it is best for you to trade with yourself on the sheet of paper rather than invest real money at once.

There are many technical analysis indicators available but here are the ones that are the most widespread: the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD), the Bollinger Bands, Pivot Points, RSI, Stochastic, Fibonacci, EMA, and Elliot Waves.

The broker's software will automatically make all the necessary calculations when you add the technical analysis indicator to the graph so that you will see some facts, which are unavailable without using these indicators. It is even possible for you to build your own technical systems basing on these indicators. Fundamental analysis is another tool that maximizes your profit and minimizes your losses on the trades. Some traders prefer only one kind, but the majority prefers both.

Fundamental analysis means trading following the news (e.g. telling about the economies or unemployment rate) in the countries of the currencies you trade. They can also tell about the events that can have a strong influence on the currencies' exchange rate.

You can make forecasts on the market direction by following the news as well. That is why various trading software of the brokers like www.oanda.com offer a link to the page containing important news.
www.bloomberg.com
www.businessweek.com
www.economist.com
money.cnn.com
markets.ft.com
www.reuters.com
www.fxstreet.com

3. Use the strategies of money management.

Money management strategies let you win or lose. You should use them to be in a profit. Many traders make too vast investments in every trade and this is not always rational and reminds of a saying: "Expect to make too much and you will make too little, expect to make little and you will make a lot." It means that even if you invest much trying to get a lot on every trade you can lose all and even if you make small investments looking for a small reward you can make a lot in some period.

1% of the total sum of your account is the maximum sum of the potential risk. This is the first rule of the money management. Stop loss and limit orders may help you to follow this rule. This may be the reason of the small profit, especially if you have small initial investments. However, by compounding a part of your profit or the entire amount, you can get an exponentially growing income.

This strategy of compound profits is the one that helped to make millions on financial market instead of gambling that results in losing all investments quickly.

Here is the example of the opposite tactics that many traders follow. Imagine that you have an initial investment of $5,000. You are lucky to possess the trading account and you enter a $1,000 trade. In case the market trends down and you lose your $1,000, then your assets become $4,000. Keep following your strategy and enter a $1,500 trade. Just make sure the market is at its low and remain hopeful that you get your $1,000 back on top of an earned extra $500. Then the market keeps moving against you leaving you with $2,500 on your account, which is only one-half of your starting capital. This is a very difficult situation to recover from.

Source: http://www.forexrealm.com/what-is-forex.html

Kungfu Legacy Online

2012-10-07T17:46:00.000+07:00

Genre Role Playing
Indonesia WaveGame
Payment Free to Play
Website http://kungfu.wavegame.net/
Status Released

Kungfu Legacy Online is an MMORPG game with 3D visuals throbbing with an oriental touch. This game features an interesting battle where you can pull out the combo is many times while in battle with the enemy. The higher the level you do the combo, increasing your attack power hasilkan.Kungfu Legacy Online has a background story about the kidnapping of a princess who becomes part of a conspiracy by a mysterious purpose. In Kungfu Legacy, you get a mission to finding out the cause of this conspiracy and save the princess from this mysterious group. In addition to Main Story Quest is also available a variety of interesting quests and challenging dungeon that you can solve.

Source : http://www.gameqq.net/games/12766-Kungfu-Legacy

Profil Maudy Ayunda

2012-10-07T17:28:00.000+07:00

Profil Biodata Lengkap Maudy Ayunda – Indonesia kembali melahirkan seorang aktris yang kini banyak menjadi perbincangan publik dialah Maudy Ayunda yang kini telah dikenal sebagai seorang penyanyi yang membawakan lagu yang berjudul “tiba-tiba cinta datang”, selain itu aktris yang memiliki nama lengkap Ayunda Faza Maudya ini juga membintangi sebuah iklan sepeda motor Nex bersama dengan smash.

Maudy Ayunda terlahir pada 19 Desember 1994 dan debutnya sebagai aktris diawali lewat film “untuk Rena”, yang dibintanginya bersama Surya Saputra, dan berperan sebagai Rena.

Selain sebagai aktris, Maudy yang fasih berbahasa Inggris dan juga pernah mengantongi prestasi dalam akademisnya, di antaranya pernah meraih juara dua speech competition. Selain itu, Moudy juga aktif menulis novel dalam bahasa Inggris, setelah sebelumnya menerbitkan kumpulan kisah pendek atau cerpen. Penasaran dengan Profil Biodata Lengkap Maudy Ayunda, berikut saya bagikan

Biodata Maudy Ayunda

Nama Lengkap : Ayunda Faza Maudya
Tempat lahir : Jakarta Indonesia
Tanggal Lahir : 19 Desember 1994
Pekerjaan : aktris, penyanyi, penulis lagu
Tahun aktif : 2006 – sekarang
Alamat Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/maudyayunda & http://www.facebook.com/maudyayunda94
Alamat Twitter : @maudyayunda

Film yang pernah dibintangi
- Untuk Rena (2006)
- Sang Pemimpi (2009)
- Tendangan dari Langit (2011)
- Rumah tanpa jendela (2011)
- Malaikat tanpa sayap (2012)
- Perahu Kertas (2012)
- Perahu Kertas 2 (2012)

Lagu-lagu yang dimiliki
- Tiba-tiba cinta datang
- Aku atau Temanmu
- Perahu Kertas
- Tahu Diri
- Tetap Bersama
- Ku simpan dalam mimpi
- I love you tapi bohong
- Panggil aku sayang
- First Love
- Tetap Bersama
- Ajari aku cinta

Iklan yang dibintangi
- Iklan sepeda motor Suzuki Nex
- Biore Hygienic.VOB
- Laurier

Demikian Informasi mengenai Profil Biodata Lengkap Maudy Ayunda, semoga bermanffat

source : http://www.catatanerwin.blogspot.com/2012/08/profil-biodata-lengkap-maudy-ayunda.html

Ringkasan, Ikhtisar, dan Abstrak

2012-10-07T15:43:00.000+07:00

RINGKASAN
Salah satu cara memahami teori adalah dengan membuat ringkasan. Ringkasan adalah penyajian kembali suatu karya tulis atau peristiwa panjang dalam bentuk singkat. Ringkasan adalah sari tulisan tanpa hiasan.
FUNGSI RINGKASAN
ialah memahami dan mengetahui isi sebuah buku atau tulisan. Dengan membuat ringkasan kita mempelajari cara seseorang menyusun pikirannya dalam gagasan-gagasan yang diatur dari gagasan yang besar menuju ke gagasan penunjang.

Untuk memperoleh ringkasan yang baik, bagian yang dapat dihilangkan adalah:
- keindahan gaya bahasa,
- ilustrasi atau contoh, dan
- penjelasan yang terperinci

Syarat ringkasan yang baik adalah:
(1) tetap mempertahankan urutan pikiran dan cara pendekatan penulis asli,
(2) tidak mengandung hal baru, pikiran, atau opini dari pembuat ringkasan,
(3) harus disampaikan dengan suara asli penulis, bukan dengan suara pembuat ringkasan.

Langkah membuat ringkasan yang baik :
(1) membaca naskah atau teks beberapa kali,
(2) mencatat gagasan utama penulis,
(3) membuang paragraf yang berisi contoh,
(4) membuang berbagai keterangan tambahan yang tidak penting dalam kalimat,
(5) mengubah dialog langsung kedalam bentuk tidak langsung,
(6) sedapat mungkin, menggunakan kalimat tunggal,
(7) menyusun ringkasan dengan mempertahankan susunan gagasan penulis asli.

IKHTISAR ATAU ABSTRAK
Istilah ringkasan seringkali dikacaukan dengan istilah ikhtisar atau abstrak. Sebuah ikhtisar atau abstrak dibuat, jika penyusunnya sudah mampu membuat ringkasan dari sebuah teks. Jadi, penyusunan ikhtisar atau abstrak adalah langkah berikut setelah disusun sebuah ringkasan.

A. Ikhtisar
adalah rangkuman gagasan yang dianggap penting oleh penysun ikhtisar yang digali dari sebuah teks yang dibacanya. Dalam penyusunannya, urutan dari teks asli tidak perlu dipertahankan.

Ciri Ikhtisar:
=> Merupakan tulisan baru yang mengandung sebagian gagasan dari teks asli yang dianggap penting.
=> Tidak mengandung hal baru, pikiran, atau opini penyusun ikhtisar.
=> Menggunakan kata-kata dari penyusun ikhtisar sendiri.

Sebuah ikhtisar yang baik disusun melalui 7 langkah:
1. menetapkan tujuan membaca
2. membaca dengan cermat
3. mencatat gagasan yang penting dari sudut pandang penyusun ikhtisar
4. menyusun kerangka tulisan
5. menulis ikhisar
6. memeriksa kembali tulisan asli untuk meyakinkan bahwa semua gagasan penting telah tergali.
7. mengoreksi kesalahan bahasa dan kesalahan cetak

B. Abstrak
Dalam kamus besar bahasa indonesia tercantum bahwa kata abstrak berarti 'ringkasan; inti; ikhtisar' Istilah abstrak berasal dari bahasa inggris, sedangkan istilah ikhtisar dari bahasa arab. Jadi, sebenarnya abstrak berpadanan dengan ikhtisar.
Di Indonesia, abstrak merupakan rangkuman atau ikhtisar yang berlaku dalam laras ilmiah. Oleh karenanya berlaku format tertentu bagi abstrak, baik untuk jurnal maupun untuk karya tulis ilmiah,
yang secara umum meliputi aspek:
1. latar belakang dan tujuan penelitian
2. bahan dan metode penelitian
3. hasil dan kesimpulan

Perbedaan dalam penyusunan kedua abstrak adalah pada jumlah kata.
A. untuk skripsi atau laporan tugas akhir, panjang abstrak 200-250 kata.
B. untuk jurnal ilmiah, panjang abstrak 75-100 kata dan diletakkan di awal sebuah artikel serta berlaku sebagai teras artikel.