tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-41396613863033267722024-09-06T18:05:44.563-07:00Board Aid.blogspot.comHelping you achieve your Step 1 goals!Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger213125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-63601365894097645172008-05-08T13:32:00.000-07:002008-05-08T13:33:03.230-07:00Q of the Day!<br /><br />During a pre-participation sports physical, Sara tells the Doctor that she has Mitral valve prolapse. What should the Doctor expect to hear?<br /><br />A) Continuous murmur<br />B) Diastolic murmur<br />C) Holosystolic murmur<br />D) Early systolic murmur<br />E) Mid systolic murmur<br /><br /><br />scroll for answer...<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Answer: E) Mid-systolic murmur. MVP is the most frequent valvular lesion, common to young women (especially on boards). Stretching of the mitral valve causes a midsystolic click. It can lead to mitral insufficiency and predisposes patients to infective endocarditis.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-48893232174783629972008-04-30T08:14:00.001-07:002008-04-30T08:16:29.388-07:00Q of the Day!<br /><br />A 48 year-old smoker complains of a “new cough.” During her history, she also notes that she has a lost 36 pounds in the last 2 years. A chest x-ray is obtained and shows a central mass. Her labs show that she also has hypercalcemia. What is most likely responsible for her hypercalcemia?<br /><br />A) Small cell carcinoma<br />B) Parathyroid Hormone<br />C) Adenocarcinoma<br />D) PTH-like peptide<br />E) ACTH<br /><br /><br />scroll for answer<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: D. PTH-like peptideUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-76399985744591398912008-04-21T17:53:00.001-07:002008-04-21T17:55:08.537-07:00Q of the Day!<br /><br />You have a 46 year-old patient come into the office. He complains that he has noticed that his breasts are getting bigger. He currently is being treated for high blood pressure and GERD. Which of the patients’ medications could have caused his gynecomastia?<br /><br />A) Minoxidil<br />B) Propranolol<br />C) Sucralfate<br />D) Chlorothiazide<br />E) Cimetidine<br /><br /><br />scroll for answer.....<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Answer: E) Cimetidine. Cimetidine is an H2 Blocker used to treat GERD and peptic ulcers. Side effects of Cimetidine include gynecomastia (most common), headaches, vertigo, fatigue, and reduced sperm count. The other choices do not cause gynecomastia. Sucralfate is an anti-ulcer agent. Minoxidil, Propranolol, and Chlorothiazide are all drugs used to treat hypertension.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-45236171202480399072008-04-20T11:29:00.001-07:002008-04-20T11:30:22.452-07:00Q of the Day!<br /><br />An old man is found in the basement of his house. He was on the floor with rigor mortis setting in. What is the mechanism responsible for rigor mortis?<br /><br />A) He overdosed on Baclofen<br />B) Increase in ATP production before he died<br />C) Myocyte death<br />D) Depletion of ATP<br />E) Myosin cross-bridge detachment<br /><br /><br /><br />scroll for answer<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />D) depletion of ATP. ATP is required for Myocyte contraction. However, ATP is also required for the myosin cross-bridge to detach. During the moments of dying the muscles contract using the remaining ATP in the body. After some time there is no ATP in the body to detach the myosin cross-bridge.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-56950735813779341772008-04-14T11:34:00.000-07:002008-04-14T11:36:03.362-07:00<strong>USMLE Step 1 Question of the Day!</strong><br /><br />There is a minor alteration of MHC-I antigens when a cell is invaded by a virus. The immune system will not recognize the infected cell without the help of alpha and beta interferon inducing increased class I antigen expression on the cell’s surface. Which of the following is the source of interferon-beta?<br /><br />A) fibroblasts<br />B) T cells<br />C) B Cells<br />D) Macrophages<br />E) Natural killer cells<br /><br /><br />scroll for answer...<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> A) fibroblasts. Fibroblasts release interferon-beta and interleukin-6 in response to viral infection. IL-6 stimulates B cells to release interferon-alpha which also has antiviral activity. The increased expression of MHC-I antigens on infected cells surfaces helps the immune system recognize viral infected cells from healthy ones.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-82544437694767748522008-04-08T07:54:00.000-07:002008-04-08T07:58:54.603-07:00Question of the Day!<br /><br />A 5 year old female presents with multiple laryngeal squamous papillomas. Her mother tells you that they have removed similar lesions in the past and the diagnosis of juvenile papillomatosis was made. What virus is most commonly asscociated with this condition.<br /><br />a)HSV<br />b)EBV<br />c)CMV<br />d)HPV<br />e)HIV<br /><br /><br />(scroll for answer)<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />d) HPV.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-91227345657181501252008-04-07T07:59:00.000-07:002008-04-07T08:04:59.904-07:00Question of the Day!<br /><br />Which of the following is most likely to produce a spinal cord lesion that destroys both bone and the disc cartilage?<br /><br />a) Tuberculosis<br />b) multiple myeloma<br />c) metastatic carcinoma<br />d) Hodgkin's lymphoma<br />e) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma<br /><br />(scroll for answer)<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: a) Tuberculosis- Pott's disease of the spine.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-17932258305504973352008-04-05T20:06:00.001-07:002008-04-05T20:06:20.516-07:00<strong>Question of the Day!</strong><br /><br />Mr. K has just returned from a camping trip in North Carolina. He has spiked a fever with a headache, chills, and a rash. Mr. K states that his rash started on his left hand but now has spread up his shoulder and to his entire chest. Which of the following is most likely the cause of Mr. K’s symptoms? <br /><br />A) Q fever<br />B) Poison ivy exposure<br />C) Coxiella burnetti<br />D) Trench fever<br />E) Rocky Mountain spotted fever<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Answer: E) RMsf. RMsf is caused by a tick bite primarily in the Appalacian mountains. Rickettsia rickettsii is the obligate intracellular parasite responsible. Symptoms above lead to fulminant vasculitis, shock, thrombosis, and death (if untreated). Treatment is tetracycline. Q fever is caused by exposure to Coxiella burnetti and has no rash associated with it.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-41057410389059937412008-03-30T20:17:00.001-07:002008-04-04T07:01:03.225-07:00<strong>Question of the Day!</strong><br /><br />A 3 year-old has always seemed tired but now has been having convulsions and noticeably sore joints. After a CBC and other lab tests, a CT scan demonstrates hepatomegaly and renomegaly. It is determined that the CT results were due to accumulations of glycogen. This patients’ condition is due to a defect of what enzyme?<br /><br />A) alpha-glucosidase<br />B) glycogen phosphorylase<br />C) aldolase B<br />D) iduronate sulfatase<br />E) glucose-6-phosphatase<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Answer: E) glucose-6-phosphatase. This patient has the glycogen storage disease- Type I Von Gierke. This disease if untreated will lead to failure to thrive, stunted growth, hepatomegaly, and renomegaly. A fasting hypoglycemia that leads to convulsions is also seen. Some patients even develop gout and skin xanthomas. A defect in glucose-6-phosphatase leads to accumulations of glycogen in the liver and kidneys.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-30891069395113479212008-03-30T20:16:00.003-07:002008-04-03T08:19:18.540-07:00<strong>Question of the Day!</strong><br /><br />A man presents with fever, splenomegaly, anemia, and petechiae. After a full work-up he is diagnosed with subacute bacterial endocarditis caused by Streptococcus viridans. Which of the following is the most likely site to be the source of the organism?<br /><br />A) colon<br />B) skin<br />C) urethra<br />D) oropharynx<br />E) liver<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Answer: D) oropharynx. Subacute bacterial endocarditis has manifestations of fever, splenomegaly, petechiae, anemia, and hematuria. The cause of subacute BE is often Streptococcus viridans after oral or dental procedures. Prophylaxis antibiotics should be given prior to these procedures for people at risk.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-90050336721138681852008-03-30T20:15:00.000-07:002008-03-30T20:16:01.321-07:00<strong>Question of the Day!</strong><br /><br />Coxsackievirus is an RNA virus that causes a variety of problems including myocarditis and herpangina, a febrile pharyngitis. All of the following are characteristics of coxsackievirus except:<br /><br />A) single stranded<br />B) helical<br />C) hand, foot, and mouth disease<br />D) Picornavirus family<br />E) Positive polarity<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Answer: B) helical. Coxsackievirus’ capsule is an icosahedral symmetry. It is a member of the Picornavirus family, has no envelope, single stranded, positive polarity, linear, and icosahedral capsid symmetry. It is the genesis of aseptic meningitis, herpangina, myocarditis, and hand, foot, and mouth disease.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-41660798954065089462008-03-29T10:29:00.001-07:002008-03-29T10:29:45.729-07:00<strong>BuzzWord of the Day!</strong><br /><br />When you see "Hirano bodies" you should immediately think...<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: alzheimer's diseaseUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-33027397339953844562008-03-25T07:04:00.001-07:002008-03-27T19:17:35.574-07:00<strong>Buzz Word of the Day!</strong><br /><br />When you see "Ghon complex" you should immediately think...<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: TuberculosisUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-55550958310180553092008-03-25T07:03:00.003-07:002008-03-26T19:36:38.112-07:00<strong>Question of the Day!</strong><br /><br />A new patient is complaining of recurrent diarrhea. On exam she presents with cutaneous flushing, asthmatic wheezing (with no hx of asthma), and a new tricuspid murmur. Urinalysis shows increased 5-HIAA. Your diagnosis most likely is?<br /><br />A) Renal Osteodystrophy<br />B) Diabetes Insipidus<br />C) Crohn’s Disease<br />D) Carcinoid Syndrome<br />E) MEN type I<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Answer: D) Carcinoid Syndrome. It is caused by tumor consisting of neuroendocrine cells, especially metastatic small bowel tumors. The tumors usually secrete large amounts of Serotonin which results in the symptoms in this patient. Use the ‘Rule of 1/3’: 1/3 metastasize, 1/3 present with 2nd malignancy, and 1/3 are multiple.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-28524489987002623762008-03-25T07:03:00.001-07:002008-03-25T07:03:04.108-07:00<strong>Question of the Day!</strong><br /><br />Maple Syrup urine disease is due to a defective branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase enzyme. A defect in this enzyme causes an inability to metabolize what amino acids?<br /><br />A) leucine, isoleucine, methionine<br />B) methionine, valine<br />C) methionine<br />D) arginine, lysine, leucine<br />E) valine, isoleucine, leucine<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Answer: E) valine, isoleucine, leucine. Maple Syrup Urine disease brings a variety of neurological symptoms and a high mortality. It gets its name from the thick, brown urine producedUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-88592309161929485582008-03-19T08:13:00.001-07:002008-03-23T19:22:13.129-07:00<strong>Question of the Day!</strong><br /><br />A 12 year-old girl stops mid-sentence and stares into space completely unaware of anything around her for a few moments. Her friends noticed that her lips were quivering during this time. What is most likely your diagnosis?<br /><br />A) grand mal seizure<br />B) complex partial seizure<br />C) Attention deficit disorder<br />D) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder<br />E) Absence seizure<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Answer: E) absence seizue. Also known as petit mal seizure, an absence seizure in a child can be caused by genetic, infection, trauma, congenital, and metabolic reasons. Treatment involves finding the cause of the seizure.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Buzzword of the Day!</strong><br /><br />When you see "ferruginous bodies" you should think...<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: asbestosisUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-22250417732418878012008-03-19T08:12:00.001-07:002008-03-21T20:25:59.094-07:00<strong> Buzzword of the day!</strong><br /><br />When you see "eburnation of bone" you should think...<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: Osteoarthritis<br /><br /><br /><strong>D.O.C. of the day!</strong><br /><br />Drug of choice for<br /><br />Nocardia causing pneumonia<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazoleUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-19237451035641166532008-03-19T08:11:00.002-07:002008-03-21T05:49:44.515-07:00<strong>Buzzword of the Day!</strong><br /><br />When you see "Donovan bodies" you should think...<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: Granuloma inguinale<br /><br /><br /><strong>D.O.C. of the Day!</strong><br /><br />Drug of choice for<br /><br />Rickettsia causing spotted fever, end. typhus<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: TetracyclineUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-74920725191552337052008-03-19T08:11:00.001-07:002008-03-19T08:11:28.161-07:00<strong>Buzzword of the Day!</strong><br /><br />When you see "erythema chronicum migrans" you should think...<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: Lyme Disease<br /><br /><br /><strong>D.O.C. of the Day!</strong><br /><br />Drug of choice for<br /><br />Tropheryma whippelii causing whipple’s disease<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazoleUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-31357551915111682162008-03-17T17:21:00.001-07:002008-03-18T06:19:05.218-07:00<strong>USMLE Step 1 Buzzword of the Day!</strong><br /><br />When you see "councilman bodies" you should immediately think...<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: Hepatitis B (dying hepatocytes)<br /><br /><br /><strong> USMLE Step 1 D.O.C. of the day!</strong><br /><br />Drug of choice for<br /><br />Campylobacter causing acute inflammatory diarrhea<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: CiprofloxacinUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-39198932852139653412008-03-17T17:20:00.001-07:002008-03-17T17:20:44.316-07:00Buzzword of the Day!<br /><br />When you see "condyloma lata" you should immediately think...<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: secondary syphilis<br /><br /><br />D.O.C. of the Day!<br /><br />Drug of choice for<br /><br />Mycobacterium leprae causing leprosy<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: Dapsone and Rifampin<br /><br />Most Common of the Day!<br /><br />Most common cancer of the urinary collecting system?<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: transitional cell CAUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-42593537465338337072008-03-16T10:30:00.001-07:002008-03-16T10:30:54.606-07:00Most Common of the Day!<br /><br />Most common cause of secondary hypertension?<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: Renal dz<br /><br />D.O.C. of the Day!<br /><br />Drug of choice for<br /><br />Staphyloccous aureus causing a skin infection<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: DicloxacillinUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-56950955860844438132008-03-07T12:22:00.001-08:002008-03-15T07:45:42.576-07:00<strong> Buzz Word of the Day!</strong><br /><br />When you see "boot shaped heart" in a newborn you should immediately think...<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: Tetralogy of Fallot<br /><br /><strong>D.O.C. of the Day!</strong><br /><br />Drug of choice for<br /><br />Candida causing vaginal candidiasis<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: Miconazole<br /><br /><strong>Most Common of the Day!</strong><br /><br />Most common aggressive Lung cancer...<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: small cell / Oat cellUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-50690762277767599052008-03-07T12:21:00.001-08:002008-03-14T05:46:26.306-07:00<strong>Buzz Word of the Day!</strong><br /><br />When you see "arachnodactyly" you should immediately think...<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: Marfan's<br /><br /><strong>D.O.C. of the Day!</strong><br /><br />Drug of choice for<br /><br />Staphylococcus aureus causing sepsis, osteomyelitis<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer:Oxacillin or Nafcillin<br /><br /><br /><strong>Most common of the Day!</strong><br /><br />Most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults...<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: Streptococcus pneumoniaeUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4139661386303326772.post-42892834902482611932008-03-07T12:20:00.001-08:002008-03-13T07:12:35.775-07:00<strong>USMLE Step 1 Buzz Word of the Day!</strong><br /><br />When you see "Bouchard's nodes" you should immediately think...<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />answer: Osteoarthritis<br /><br /><br /><strong>USMLE Step 1 D.O.C. of the Day!</strong><br /><br />Drug of choice for<br /><br />Neisseria gonorrhea<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Answer: Ceftriaxone<br /><br /><br /><strong>USMLE Step 1 Syndrome of the Day!</strong><br /><br />Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome<br />- Immunodeficiency: combined B- &T-cell deficiency <br />- IgM w/ IgA<br />- Triad of thrombocytopenia, eczema, and recurrent otitis media infectionsUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0