Bone Cancer Prognosis, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Bone Cancer Treatment Side Effects

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 22:35:24 PST

Bone Cancer Treatment Side Effects

What are the side effects of treatment for bone cancer?

Unfortunately, there are risks and side effects with each of bone cancer treatment options for bone cancer. The main risks associated with bone cancer surgery are infection, recurrence of cancer and damage to sorrounding tiuses. To remove all the cancer and reduce the risk of recurrence, some surrounding normal tissue should also be removed. Depending on the location of cancer, this may require removal of portions of bones, muscles, nerves or blood vessels. This can cause weakness, numbness, and the risk of fracture of the remaining bone. You may be referred to a specialist in rehabilitation of physical and occupational therapy after surgery to try to improve strength and function.

Chemotherapy uses drugs to try and kill powerful cancerous cells. Unfortunately, some normal cells are also killed in the process. The drugs are designed to kill rapidly dividing overrgrowing cells. Normal cells that are often effected include hair, blood-forming cells and cells lining the digestive system. Side effects include nausea and vomiting, hair loss, infection, and fatigue. Fortunately, these side effects usually disappear after chemotherapy. Good nutrition is important for your body to fight cancer. You may be referred to a nutritionist to help with this, especially if expeiencing nausea and loss of appetite.

The main side effects of radiotherapy include fatigue, loss pf appetite, and damage to the surrounding skin and soft tissues. After radiation therapy there is an also increase in the risk of wound problems after surgery affecting the same area.

Bone Cancer Treatment Options

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 08:17:12 PST

Bone Cancer Treatment Options

Bone cancer treatment options depend on the type, size, location and stage of cancer as well as the age and general health of the person. Often, surgery is the primary treatment option. Although sometimes it requires the amputation of a limb, preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy has made possible in many cases perform limb-sparing surgery. When appropriate, surgeons avoid amputation by removing only the cancerous bone and replacing it with an artificial device called a prosthesis.

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can also be used alone or in combination.

Surgery

When surgery is resorted it is against bone metastases which is to relieve symptoms rather than cure. The bones become weak, resulting in fractures that can not heal at all. But can use a metal rod to hold the bone and prevent breaks. Or, if the bone has been fractured, surgery can stabilize it and relieve the pain. If surgery is not an option due to health status or for some other reason, a cast or splint may help reduce the pain to not have to stay in bed.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Usually the drugs are given through the mouth or veins. Once the drugs enter the bloodstream and reach throughout the body. Chemotherapy is used as primary treatment option for many types of metastatic cancers. In many cases, chemotherapy can shrink tumors. Chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells but also damage some normal cells, which can cause some side effects. Immunotherapy: These methods help the patient's own immune system to fight cancer. There are several types of immunotherapy used to treat patients with bone metastases. These include cytokines, monoclonal antibodies and tumor vaccines. Some of these have been using for some time, but others are still experimental. Radio-pharmaceuticals are a group of drugs that have radioactive elements. They are injected through a vein and settle in parts of bone that contain cancer. These drugs kill cancer cells and relieve some of the pain caused by bone metastases. Only used for cancer that has spread from one location to the bones. The main side effect of this treatment is low count of blood cells (mainly white blood cells and platelets). This may increase the risk of infection or bleeding. They can also cause a side effect known as "flare reaction" in which the pain is worse for a short period of time before relief. Bisphosphonates: These medications are used for the treatment of weakened bones (osteoporosis). They are also used to treat patients whose cancers have spread to your bones. Bisphosphonates can help with cancer that spread to the bone in several ways. They can:

Reduce bone pain.
Retard bone damage caused by cancer.
Reduce high levels of calcium in the blood.
Reduce the risk of fractures.

Radiation Therapy

This treatment uses high energy X-rays to destroy cancer cells or slow their growth. Radiation treatment can be used to treat primary cancers have not spread far from the place where they originated. If a cancer has spread to bone, radiation can be used to relieve symptoms. If the bone is treated before it becomes too weak, radiation therapy may help prevent a subsequent fracture. External radiation therapy against bone metastases is given once in a great deal, or in small quantities for five to ten treatments. Each treatment lasts only a few minutes. This method is a good alternative if only one or two metastases that produce symptoms.

for more information on bone cancer do visit again.

Types of Primary & Secondary Bone Cancer

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Sat, 25 Jun 2011 01:39:32 PDT

Types of Primary and Secondary Bone Cancer

Bone cancer is formed due to the problem within the bone cells which leads to the uncontrolled cell division. There are large number people who are diagnosed with bone cancer every year around the globe. There are two types of bone cancer primary and secondary. Primary bone cancer is formed due to the formation of the tumor in the bone cells which is most common in children and adolescents. Whereas the secondary bone cancer is caused by the metastasis of the cancer cells from the other part of the body. There are various types of tumors that occur in the form malignant primary bone tumor they are Osteosarcoma, Ewing Sarcoma, Chandrosarcoma, Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma, fibrosarcoma, and chordoma which are cancerous in nature.

Osteosarcoma: osteosarcoma is one of the most common types of primary bone tumor which is malignant in nature and it affects the people who are in the age range of 10 to 25 years. Its chances of affecting the adults reduce with an increase in the age. Osteosarcoma mainly affects the long bones of the arms and legs, Bones around knees and elbows and bones around the shoulder region. It is very aggressive and it cancer proceed to the lungs to the metastasis bone cancer cells. The survival for Osteosarcoma is around 60% - 70%.

Ewing sarcoma: Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive primary bone tumor which affects mainly children in the age range of 4 years to 15 years. Ewing sarcoma affects the central part of the long bones of arms and legs. Usually the survival rate for the Ewing sarcoma is around 60% - 70% but the survival rate decreases if it causes a secondary bone cancer in the other parts of the body.

Chondrosarcoma: Chondrosarcoma is the second most comer type of primary bone cancer that comprises of the 30% of the malignant bone tumor cases. This tumor occurs in cartilage or soft bones. It has characteristics spreading at a very fast rate or it will have a relatively very slow growth. It mainly affects the people who are in the age group of more than 40 years. Men are affected more as compared to women with Chondrosarcoma and it commonly affects the bone of the pelvis region or the bones of the hips. The survival rate for fast growing Chondrosarcoma is around 35% and the survival rate for the slow growing Chondrosarcoma is around 90%.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH): Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is that primary bone cancer that affects the soft tissues such as muscles, ligaments, tendons and fats. It affects the people in the group of more than 45 years. Females are most affected than the males with this type of bone cancer. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma has a wide range and it is very severe it also has a very low survival rate of around 35% - 65% only.

Fibrosarcoma: Fibrosarcoma cases are not seen very commonly it is one of the rare primary bone cancers that affect the people in the age group of around 35 years to 50 years. It is more common in males than in females. Fibrosarcoma causes problems in the areas around the knee region basically the soft tissues around the knees.

Chordoma: Chordoma is the rarest type of the malignant primary bone tumors that affects the extremities of the spinal cord. It is more common in males as compare to the females. Chordoma has a survival rate of around 50%.

There are various types of benign primary bone tumors which are non cancerous in nature. This of benign bone tumors are osteoma, osteoblastoma, osteochondroma, enchondroma, chondromyxoid fibroma, aneurysmal bone cyst, unicameral bone cyst, and tumor cells giants.

Bone Marrow Cancer Symptoms

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 21:08:16 PDT

Bone Marrow Cancer Symptoms

Bone marrow cancer occurs in the bone marrow which is present in the long bones, it usually occurs in long bone shafts. The initiation symptoms of bone marrow cancer usually differs from individual to individual. the most common bone marrow cancer symptoms that are shown by the patients are, loss of appetite, fever, weight loss and fatigue. the signs and the symptoms of the bone marrow cancer do not show-up it is known to the patients only after it is fully developed.

There are other bone marrow cancer symptoms that are shown by the patients are:

1. Unexplained swelling in the long bones near the joint.

2. Occurrence of lump on the bone

3. fracture due to slight injury

4. RBC counts are reduced

Symptoms may vary depending on the location and size of the cancer. These symptoms do not necessarily indicate cancer. A doctor can only identify whether or not a patient is suffering from bone marrow cancer.

Bone Marrow Cancer

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 03:13:26 PDT

Bone Marrow Cancer

What is Bone Marrow?
The soft and spongy tissues which are present in bones of an individual are called Bone Marrow. If there is no bone marrow in the bones then there will be no formation of the red blood cells because the bone marrow contains stem cells which are precursor to the red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and other important blood components.

What is a Bone Marrow Cancer?
When there is formation of the cancer in the bone marrow of the bones which forms blood cells hence it is called, it is known as the bone marrow cancer.

Types of Bone Marrow Cancer?
There are two types of bone marrow cancer primary and secondary. Primary bone marrow cancer starts in the cells that forms blood. The three types of primary bone marrow cancer:
1. Leukemia.
2. Lymphoma.
3. Multiple Myeloma.

Secondary bone marrow cancer are formed due to the cancer spreading from the other parts of the body and coming to the bones and infecting them. These cancers may arise from lungs, breast, prostate, etc.

Bone Cancer Diagnosis

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 03:13:55 PDT

Bone Cancer Diagnosis

When a patient is confident that he is showing bone cancer symptoms he should see a doctor as soon as possible. Doctor firstly will undertake the physical examination of the patient. During the course of the physical examination the doctor checks the body of the patient to ensure that whether there is any sign shoeing of tumor or lump after the physical examination the medical history and family's medical history is sought.The medical history of the patient helps the doctor to understand the medical and disease background of the individual. If the doctor has doubt about the symptoms to be the symptoms of the bone cancer he will recommend the patient to undergo number of tests for the examination of bones.

The different types of test recommended by the doctor to make sure whether the patient is suffering from bone cancer are as follows:
* Blood tests.
* X - Rays.
* Body Scan.
* Computer Tomography (CT Scan).
* Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan (MRI).
* Biopsy.
* Angiogram.

Imaging Tests:
X-rays, Body Scan, CT Scan, MRI Scan and Angiogram are different sets of imaging tests that are conducted to make sure whether patient is infected from bone cancer or not. If the tests confirms the bone cancer then using the above tests the size location and stage of the cancer is determined.

Biopsy:
It is type of a procedure which requires the removal of a tissue from the affected part of the bone to make sure about the bone cancer if the imaging tests prove inconclusive. There are two types of biopsy such as Needle biopsy and Open biopsy.

In needle biopsy the the sample of the tissue from the bone is taken by inserting a needle like equipment in the affected bone. The open biopsy involves the cutting open of the tumor to take out the sample of the sample from the bone. The biopsy should be performed by the Orthopedic Oncologists.

Hence for bone cancer diagnosis this tests have to be performed in the first place

Bone Cancer Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prognosis

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 03:14:56 PDT

Bone Cancer Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prognosis

Bone Cancer

The occurrence of the Bone Cancer is relatively rare it occurs only when some cancerous cells occurs in the bone. Normally the bones undergo the mitosis and suddenly the process of cell division increases rapidly leading to formation of mass of the abnormal cells which forms a lump known as the tumor. The tumor which has occurred in bone can be benign or malignant. Benign tumors are non-cancerous and malignant tumors are cancerous, so malignant tumors are called as cancers which an be either primary or secondary.

Bone Cancer Causes

There are two types of primary bone cancer such as osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma but their exact causes are yet to be found out. The researchers speculate that the oncogenes play a pivotal role in the onset of the primary bone cancer. Osteosarcoma mainly affects the knee bone of an individual who is either young or adolescent. Ewing's sarcoma mainly affects the pelvic region, femur, humerus and rib bones of the teens mostly. Primary bone cancer is not that much common but the most common type of the bone cancer is secondary bone cancer which is caused because of the cancer in some other parts of the body.

Bone Cancer Symptoms

The signs and the symptoms changes according to location and size of bone cancer, if a person is experiencing following symptoms it is advisable that one should immediately consult a physician or a bone cancer specialist.
* Fractures in the bones due to minor accidents.
* Fatigue
* Sudden Weight loss that is unexplained.
* Severe bone pain.
* Swelling in bones near area of the pain.
* Fever.

Bone Cancer Risk Factors

Risk factors are according to the age of the patients it is high in the young age and less in the adulthood and there are some other factors which may abruptly increase the risk.

* Family history.
* Undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
* Abnormal growth of the bone.
* Exposure to radioactive material.
* Secondary bone cancer.

Bone Cancer Diagnosis

Usually diagnosis of bone cancer is not simple process it requires a lot of procedures to be undertaken such as
* X-ray ( Taking x-rays of the affected part of the bone )
* Bone Scan (Injecting a radioactive material in the body for scanning the affected part of the bone).
* MRI
* CT Scan
* Biopsy (Open biopsy or Needle biopsy).

Bone Cancer Treatment

After the tests have confirmed that a person is suffering from bone cancer it is now up to the doctor to undertake the set of procedure to cure the patients completely. He may resort to surgery , chemotherapy, radiotherapy and he may also undertake myeloablative therapy with stem cell support.

In surgery the surgeon removes out the bone cancer from the affected bone. radiotherapy is aprocess in which the affected part is exposed to intense radiation so that the cancerous cells die because of the intense heat but it is not overdone which may kill the healthy cells. Chemotherapy involves the injecting of the chemicals in to the body of a patients to kill cancerous cells or to stop their further spreading. Myeloablative therapy is an intensive approach designed to destroy all cells that divide rapidly, such as cancer. Unfortunately in the body, normal blood cells also divide rapidly and therefore are candidates for removal with myeloablative therapy.

Bone Cancer Prognosis

The prognosis of bone cancer depends on different factors which may alter the final outcome of the prognosis based on the initial results. Factors affecting bone cancer prognosis are
* Duration for which the bone cancer is active.
* Complicative Chances.
* Outcome probability.
* Death Rate / Survival rate.
* Time for Recovery.

Secondary Bone Cancer Diagnosis

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 03:15:12 PDT

Secondary Bone Cancer Diagnosis

Diagnostic Tests for Secondary Bone Cancer

Diagnosis of any type of cancer is very tedious process and has a lot of test to ascertain that a person is suffering fro bone cancer. For the diagnosis of secondary bone cancer the first test which is carried out on the patient is blood-test which is used to check the blood calcium level of the suspected patients. X - Rays of chest and the bones are conducted to check whether there is any kind abnormality in the chest or the bone of the individual. These X -rays are not that much result oriented.

The third test for the diagnosis of secondary bone cancer is bone scanning, in bone scanning the person on whom the test has to be performed is injected with the radioactive substances. After taking the injection the person is asked to wait for at-least three hours so that the radioactive substance get absorbed by the bone which is affected by the secondary bone cancer. The affected part of the bone which has absorbed the radioactive substance which show up quite clearly in imaging tests. the other imaging test through which the person has to go through for the diagnosis of secondary bone cancer are CT scan, MRI, PET Scan if all these test are inconclusive then there is a other test which is finally refered by all the doctors.

Biopsy is a process in which the sample of the bone is taken to analyze under the microscope normally the test results are the expected to come within 2 weeks. The biopsy is of two types 1) Needle biopsy 2) Open biopsy, both of the test are taken under the influence of the local anesthesia. If all the test fail then you are not affected with the secondary bone cancer and no need for worry but if you are diagnosed with secondary bone cancer then its time to start the treatment immediately.

Secondary Bone Cancer Symptoms

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 03:15:25 PDT

Secondary Bone Cancer Symptoms

Symptoms of Secondary Bone Cancer

When a person is suffering from the secondary bone cancer the bones are affected in a great way and they become so weak that might get fractured leading to pathological fractures due to some minor accidents. The most common symptoms of the secondary bone cancer is a pain. The pain will be sometimes acute and sometimes a low grade pain but the aching in the bone will persist. If the pain is persistent for more 10 - 15 days one should go for a checkup with the doctor. The bone where the secondary bone cancer has affected may swollen up leading to the tenderness in the area.

Secondary Bone Cancer can occur in many bones in a single instance. hence, a person may suffer with the pain in more than one areas of the bone. Sometimes spinal cord is affected and may lead to the pains in spine bones, weakness of the muscles of the spine, reduction of the sensation in the limbs of the patient. In secondary bone cancer the calcium absorption level of the blood may fall and which will lead to higher concentration of the calcium in the blood showing the symptoms such as nausea, constipation, thirst and etc. So be Careful if any of the major symptoms of secondary bone cancer persist for 10 -15 days or more immediately go to the doctor.

Secondary Bone Cancer

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 03:15:37 PDT

Secondary Bone Cancer

What is Secondary Bone Cancer?

When a Bone Cancer starts first in the bone, it is called Primary Bone Cancer. If the person has a bone cancer because of the cancer due the cancer in other parts of the body secondary bone cancer develops. When a cancer i.e malignant tumor has infected some part of the body and if it develops fully, then after some time some parts from the cancerous mass breaks away and travels to the other parts of the body. If it travels to the bone and causes the another cancer in the bone, then type of cancer is called Secondary Bone Cancer.

There can be numerous secondary bone cancer in the bone. Normally, secondary bone cancer is detected more frequently then the primary bone cancer. It is more aggressive than primary bone cancer because it attacks the bone when it is fully developed and it is much difficult to control secondary bone cancer. If the cancer has progressed to the last stage then the life expectancy of the patients is low. Hence the treatment for the secondary hone cancer is much more difficult than primary bone cancer. So please take a special care of your bones to prevent them from any form of bone cancer.

Cancer Deaths

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 03:16:09 PDT

Cancer Deaths

February 4 is a World Cancer Day. Cancer is a one most the most dreaded disease after AIDS but is has claimed much more lives than any other disease. every year nearly 12 million people are diagnosed with the killer disease and out of which 40% can avert cancer just by taking protection against the cancer and by changing their daily lifestyle.

Every year nearly 8 million people die from cancer but the cancer deaths are bound to increase to 12 million per year by the end of 2030 because of the increase in the cancer infection and many other factors.

Cancer Deaths per year categorically:

Lung Cancer (1.3 million deaths/year):

Stomach Cancer (0.803 million deaths/year)

Colorectal Cancer (0.639 million deaths/year)

Liver Cancer (0.610 million deaths/year)

Breast Cancer (0.519 million deaths/year).

Bone Cancer Diagnosis Tests

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 03:16:23 PDT

Bone Cancer Diagnosis Tests

Types of tests for Bone Cancer Diagnosis

A person suffering from Bone Cancer may have to go through different tests to certify that he is suffering from a bone cancer. There are two types of tests that are more important for the diagnosis of bone cancer 1) Imaging and 2) Biopsy.

Different types of Imaging Tests for Bone Cancer.

a) X-ray.

b) CT Scan.

c) Bone Scan.

d) MRI.

Biopsy for the Bone Cancer Diagnosis.

Biopsy is a procedure in which a tissue is removed from the tumor for testing the tissue sample in the laboratory. This type of testing for the Cancer reveals that whether the tumor is malignant (cancerous) or Benign (non-cancerous), to reveal the extent of infection caused, the stage upto which the Bone Cancer has progressed and other different things which helps your doctor to identify the type of treatment a patient should be given for the quick recovery from the disease.

Bone Cancer Risk Factors

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 03:16:49 PDT

Bone Cancer Risk Factors

Risk factors are those factors which increases the chances of getting affecting with the disease, it is also same for the cancer. There are different types of cancers and they have different risk factors. for example, chewing tobacco is a risk factor for oesophageal cancer, exposing the skin to the sunlight is a risk factor for skin cancer, Smoking is a risk factor for wide range of cancers, etc. There may be several risk factors associated with a disease or there may be no risk factors associated with a disease. Several risk factors does not mean that the person is bound to contract the disease or no risk factors does not gaurantee that the person will be free contracting any disease. Normaly, Bone cancer does not have any risk factors but there are number of people who get affected by the Bone Cancer without having risk factor for the disease.

Bone Cancer Chemotherapy Treatment

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 03:17:04 PDT

Bone Cancer Chemotherapy Treatment

Chemotherapy Treatment for Bone Cancer:

Bone Cancer is one of the common types of cancer which affects the people and there are different ways of treatment for the Bone Cancer. One such method of Bone Cancer Treatment is Chemotherapy. In Chemotherapy a drug is administrated to the patients for killing the cancerous cells in the body. The drugs can be administrated to patient in various ways such as by the use of pills, catheter or through injection. When the drug is administrated in enters the blood stream and travels throughout the body and destroys the most of the cancerous cells in the body. but in the process of killing the cancerous cells it also kills some healthy cells of the body. There are some common drugs which are used in the process of chemotherapy such as methotrexate with calcium leucovorin, doxorubicin, cisplatin, ifosfamide and etoposide can also be used for this purpose

Bone Cancer Diagnosis

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 03:17:19 PDT

Bone Cancer Diagnosis

How is Bone Cancer Diagnosed?

Bone Cancer is a disease which shows number of symptoms which may differ from person to person. Bone Cancer Diagnosis involves a number test such as patient’s symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and blood tests are required to confirm that the patient is suffering from Bone Cancer. However, in some cases where this test do suggest a suspicion of the bone cancer then doctor is bound to test the sample tissue under a microscope (known as biopsy).

There are other diseases of bone such as bone infection may cause the same symptoms and the imaging results which are carried out on the patients could lead to the confusion. Single bone metastasis can be misunderstood for the primary bone cancer i.e. why biopsy becomes necessary to be performed on the sample of the cell taken from the patient. Hence for the Bone Cancer Diagnosis one have to be more careful with the tests and its results.

Symptoms of Bone Cancer

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 03:17:40 PDT

Symptoms of Bone Cancer

The Bone Cancer symptoms may vary from person to person depending on the location in the body and the size of the tumor(Benign or Malignant) in the bone. All types of bone cancer are painful. The tumors which have formed near the joints of the bone may cause swelling near the joints. Bone cancer can also interfere with the normal movements of a person and may weaken the tissues that causes fractures of the bone. One can also experience some other problems which are common they are general weakness, fatigue, anemia, fever and weight loss.

There may be some symptoms of bone cancer that may have been left out, if so, then please let us know.

Bone Cancer Osteosarcoma

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 03:18:17 PDT

Bone Cancer Osteosarcoma

An osteosarcoma is the most common type of the types of the bone cancer. It mainly affects children, adolescents and young adults and more males than women. Osteosarcoma more commonly occurs in the long bones of the body of a person,it occurs in the knee bone i.e. tibia and femur and not so common in fibula, it also occurs in the arm bone i.e. upper arm bone humerus. It may also occur in other bones also.

Osteosarcoma is a Metastatic Bone Cancer which involves the spreading of the cancerous cells to the other parts of the body with the help of the flow of the blood. It can produce lung metastasis. It can spread to the parts of the same bone or the other parts of the other bone. Osteosarcoma can be treated but if the treated cancer returns again at the same place where it has occurred earlier is called a appellant.There are the different types of the osteosarcoma depending on their composition of the cell type and the location in the bone.
For more information on the bone cancer you can visit the blog again. Thanks for your support

Bone Cancer Treatment

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 03:18:31 PDT

Bone Cancer Treatment

Treatment for the disease such as Bone Cancer is not a simple process, it involves a number of tests which are required for the proper diagnostic of the disease. The Number of tests preferred for the detection because it is not possible to detect the exact location, size and the stage of the tumor with a single test.

Bone Cancer Treatment:

The physician should perform a thorough examination and should inquire on personal and family medical history of the patient. A blood test determines the concentration of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase, whose levels are greatly increased at times of active bone training (childhood, after a fracture) or because of the diseases such as cancer. As usually it can be found high levels of alkaline phosphatase in children and adolescents, this test is not an reliable diagnostic index for bone cancer. The Radiographs may reveal a tumor and locate shape and size. In the case of suspected of a cancerous tumor, other techniques are used imaging: CT, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or angiography. However, of all the diagnostic test biospy of bone tissue is inconclusive, which sample may be obtained by different methods.
The options depends on the type, size, stage of cancer, age and general condition of the person. Commonly, surgery is the initial therapeutic approach. The pre-and post-surgical chemotherapy has contributed to prevent many amputations. Due to the Ewing sarcoma tendency to metastasize quickly combined chemotherapy, radiation therapy also or tumor surgery usually is used in these cases

Bone Cancer Symptoms

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 03:18:44 PDT

Bone Cancer Symptoms

Bone Cancer is a very dreaded disease which shows its symptoms after its onset and it is very difficult to figure out for the person that he/she is suffering from Bone Cancer but there are some common symptoms which may help the individual to identify that the person is suffering from the Bone Cancer.

Bone Cancer Symptoms:

Bone Cancer Symptoms can vary depending on location and the size of the tumor, but all the tumors are painful. The pain in the affected part increases with the increasing stages. Bone cancer may interfere with the movement of the normal tissues which are weakened and may lead to even fractures in the bone. Other symptoms which are most common are in the patients weakness, fatigue, anemia, weight loss and fever.

Bone Cancer Causes

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 03:19:01 PDT

Bone Cancer Causes

The general information about the Bone Cancer:

What is a Bone Cancer?

Bone Cancer is a primary tumor which is relatively rare in comparison to that of the secondary tumors or metastatic tumors.

What are the Causes of the Bone Cancer?

Bone Tumors can be Benign ( non-cancerous ) and malignant ( cancerous ). Out of both benign tumors are the most common tumors.Both tumors can grow and they compress the healthy bones which are reabsorbed and replaced by the by the abnormal tissue which are the tumors. The Bone Cancer which spreads to the same bone are called as the Primary Bone Cancer and the bone cancer which spreads to the other bone are called as the Secondary Bone Cancer or Bone Cancer Metastasis.

The most common type of the bone cancer is primary cancer which osteosarcoma, Which is found in the developing bones of the body. Chondrosarcoma in cartilage proliferates and Ewing's sarcoma originates in immature tissue Bone Marrow. Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma occurs more frequently in children and adolescents, while chondrosarcoma mainly affects adults.

There are no certainity on the causes of the bone cancer but there are the some factors which are recognized that they they increase the cancer risks. It occurs most frequently in children or young adults who have received some type of radiation or chemotherapy for other diseases. Adults with Paget's disease (development abnormal new bone cells) also have an increased risk of developing osteosarcoma. Hereditary factors also influence in the occurance of the bone cancer in nay individual

Bone Cancer Metastasis

noreply@blogger.com (Mohammed Saqib khan) — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 03:19:14 PDT

Bone Cancer Metastasis

An estimated 60% to 84% of patients with cancer develop bone metastasis. Of these 70% experience pain syndrome which is difficult to manage, of which 50% die without adequate pain relief with a poor quality of life. It is therefore necessary to have accessible and effective medications for the management of this condition. One of the most common pain syndromes in patients with advanced cancer is bone metastasis. This is difficult to manage and control in clinical practice. Currently, scientific advances in cancer detection and treatment have prolonged life expectancy in patients. Unlike the case with the phenomenon of bone pain in cancer, where current treatment strategies are not significantly effective. Most palliative treatment of bone pain are based on clinical studies on pain management in patients or in experimental models is not well designed this could explain why the drugs used are partially effective. Today, one of the main obstacles in developing new, safe treatments to control bone pain is the absence of basic science knowledge in the physiology of bone pain.

Epidemiology

The pain in cancer patients is usually multifactorial, may arise from the process itself, treatment side effects or both. For these reasons the approach and management of this symptom should be multidisciplinary. Pain syndrome occurs either by local proliferation or tumor invasion of a metastatic tumor from a distance. With metastatic bone pain often reflects the presence of a tumor in breast, thyroid, prostate, kidney, lung or adrenal.

Physiology of bone pain

Bone pain is associated with tissue destruction by osteoclast cells. Normally, osteoclastic bone resorption are in balance with bone formation mediated by osteoblasts. In neoplastic osteolytic activity is increased and there are substances such as cytokines, local growth factors, peptides similar to parathyroid hormone and prostaglandins. Autacoids are also released other owners as potassium ions, bradykinin and osteoclast activating factors. These tissue substances play an important role in sensitizing the neural tissue against chemical and thermal stimuli, lower thresholds for discharge of the neuronal membrane, produce exaggerated responses to stimuli above the threshold and result in discharges of tonic impulses normally silent nociceptors. This phenomenon is called peripheral sensitization and primary hyperalgesia and is understood as events occurring within the ranks of the injured tissue and stimulate peripheral nociceptors (C fibers and A delta fibers) translating pain. In bone tissue of the sensory receptors are located primarily in the periosteum, whereas the bone marrow and bone cortex are insensitive. This phenomenon of peripheral sensitization results in abnormal sensitivity to pressure surrounding skin (allodynia and hyperalgesia), pain in muscles, tendons, joints and deep tissues in contact with bone. This is limited to ensure that the peripheral ends have a greater capacity for alarm response to injury.

The constant presence of harmful process, stimulating nociceptive receptors gives the introduction of a subacute pain that tends to be chronic with the growth of bone metastases. These stimuli lead to another prevalent phenomenon called central sensitization important which includes abnormal amplification of incoming sensory signals to the central nervous system, particularly the spinal cord. The phenomenon occurs because of the persistent input stimulus through the fibers C. This spinal cord triggers a temporary increase in the power of silent synaptic terminals. In this process plays an important role of glutamate receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). The resulting amplification of the signal generated in the postsynaptic neuron sends a message to the brain which is interpreted as pain. In short central sensitization amplifies the sensory effects of both peripheral nociceptive inputs (C fibers of pain) and non-nociceptive fibers (A of touch).

In practice the two phenomena come together in the genesis of metastatic bone pain and peripheral sensitization occurs acutely metastatic lesions to appear nociceptors and translate the information conveyed through the afferent myelinated A-delta or unmyelinated C fibers to the spinal cord where the information is modulated by various systems. With the set up process subacute begins the process of central sensitization which sensory synapses begin to activate silent. And there is a state of increased central perception. By becoming chronic pain phenomenon becomes even more complex because all that is in contact with the area of injury becomes a powerful generator of pain. The touch, muscle movement or joint pain result, manifesting the phenomena of allodynia and hyperalgesia much more marked.

With progression and growth of metastatic disease can appear phenomena of compression of peripheral nerves, nerve roots or spinal cord. Then the pain can refer to other dermatomes, further complicating the initial picture painful. This condition becomes a debilitating factor for the patient and to be inadequately controlled could trigger the phenomenon of total pain detailed below.