Business Types

World Markets

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World Markets can be defined as markets of the world encompassing all the markets of Asia, Europe, Americas, Australia and Africa. It can be stated that world markets have become more integrated as a result of globalization. The world market is common point where all the markets of the world converge. Hence emerges the concept of world supply or world demand or global supply and demand. World supply and demand are heavily influenced by the export and import of the developed vis-à-vis the developing countries. World markets play a key role in the development prospects of many countries of the world as the fluctuations originated there translates into supply and demand conditions in the home country. This can have adverse effects on home producers and consumers of various goods and services. An example would be the world prices of crude oil which wreaked havoc in many developing countries. World markets can also imply the world stock markets such as those present in the countries of the world as also internationally acclaimed stock exchanges such as the NASDAQ.

America Market
America Market is one among the free market system in the world. Find detailed on America Market along with market indicators.

European Market

European Market has become more integrated with the inception of the European Union (EU) in 1992. EU Single Market truly indicates the free movement of people, goods, services and capital across the member countries.

Germany Market

Germany Market is a highly developed market in the world. The market in Germany is generally based upon the doctrine of Social market Economy. Find more on Germany Market.

Japanese Market

In Japanese Market, the best performers are banking, insurance, real estate, retailing, automobiles and telecommunications sector.

Singapore Market

Spain Market

UK Market

Mexican Market

Netherlands Market

Asian Market

Australia Market

Belgium Market

Boston Market

Brazil Market

China Market

Eastern Market

France Market

Global Market

Hong Kong Market

Indian Market

Italian Market

Korean Market

Work at Home Business

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Home Business refers to the business whose main office is in the business-owners’ home. The business can be of any type or any size but it has to be operated from the owners’ home. These Home Businesses generally have small no. of employees. Most of the times, these employees are immediate family members of the business owner. So, many of the Home Businesses are also family businesses. Home Business suffers often from the lack of shop frontage, lack of advertising signs on the street and lack of parking space for the customers. It is unbelievable but true, that in spite of these problems of home business, the popular companies like Hallmark Cards, Baskin-Robbins Ice cream started operating from their home.

Home Based Business
Home Based Business relies upon important categories such as planning for the business, legalizing the business, accumulation of capital, and setting up of home based office for the business:

Home Business Directory

Home Business Directory is used as an ultimate Guidebook for the people operating in the Home Business. Let us find the importance of home business directory:

Home Business Insurance
Home Business Insurance can be defined as an insurance Coverage for everything associated with the Home Businesses:

Business and Real Estate

Small Real Estate Business

Home Real Estate Business

Real Estate Business

Real Estate Business Development

Small Home Business

Commercial Real Estate Business

Investing Real Estate Business

Real Estate Business Brokers

Stock Market

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Stock Market is the most important market of the modern capitalist economy. Now-a-days, the performance of an economy is judged on the basis of the rise and fall of its financial market. The stocks reflect the performance of the performance of the respective companies and the index shows the overall picture of the entire market. This helps in gauging the health of the economy as a whole. Stock Market gives indication to the investors (both domestic and foreign) about their potential of their investment and the expected return from it.

Stock Market plays the coveted role of channelization of idle savings fund of the households (general public) to the corporates for productive investment. On one hand, the investors get the chance of becoming the shareholder of the company and on the other hand, the businesses, especially the small ones, get the required funds for expansion.

Stock is the ownership of certificate (either in physical or dematerialized form) of any company.

Stock Market Index
Stock Market Index is selected by considering a set of stocks among the total stocks, which represent all most all the sectors of an economy.

US Stock Market
Major companies over the world coming under Fortune 500 list are listed in US Stock Market. Get an overview on the US stock market.

Stock Market Charts

Stock Market Charts can be defined as series of the prices of stocks plotted over a particular time period. Find more on stock market charts

Stock Market Strategies

Stock Market Trends

European Stock Market

Shanghai Stock Market

Stock Market Quotes

Stock Market Prices

Stock Market Report

Stock Market Trading

Stock Market Overview

Stock Market Closing

Stock Market Companies

World Stock Market

Japanese Stock Market

Stock Market Watch

Stock Market believes in unhindered functioning of the market and considers that the market itself produces optimum results through its invisible hands (demand-supply mechanism). It considers market to be supreme and it discounts every incident (domestic economy, world economy, specific company news, etc.) around the world.

The underlying theory behind the functioning of Stock Market is the supply side economics which emphasizes the economic concepts such as Laffer Curve. Share Market generally advocates the philosophy of laissez-faire (free market) economy and always argue in favor of less restrictive import and immigration policies.

Share Market is an organized market where shares are issued and traded. These shares are either traded through Stock exchange or Over-the-Counter in physical or electronic form.

Share Market can be divided into two parts :-

    * Primary Market
    * Secondary Market

Primary Market deals with securities that are channelized through the Initial Public Offer (IPO) route.

Secondary Market is the market where the investors trade securities among themselves in the quest of making profit.

Common stocks, bonds, preferential stocks, convertible preferential stocks, warrants, etc are part of the stock market.

Some of the major Stock Markets around the world are :-

    * New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
    * NASDAQ
    * London Stock Exchange
    * Tokyo Stock Exchange
    * Hong Kong Stock Exchange

Indian (National Stock Exchange of India and Bombay Stock Exchange)and Chinese (Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange) bourses are also coming up very fast and are performing magnificently. They are projected to be the future front runners of the world along with USA.

Small Scale Business, Business Scales

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Small Scale Businesses help every economy to achieve industrial growth and industrial diversification. Small Scale Business Enterprises are mainly of four different categories:

1.Small Scale Industrial Undertaking

A Business Enterprise will be called Small Scale Business Undertaking if Investment in Fixed Assets, in Plant and Machinery, whether held on Ownership basis or on Lease or on Hire Purchase does not exceed 10 million Rupees and it is in no way owned, controlled or subsidiary of any other industrial undertaking. Here it should be explained that if two or more enterprises are set up by a same person as a sole proprietor, each such enterprise shall be considered to be controlled by the other industrial undertaking or undertakings. If two or more undertakings are set up as partnership firms and one or more partners are common, then each enterprise shall be considered as controlled by other industrial undertakings. In such cases none of these business enterprises will be graded as Small Scale Industrial Undertaking even if Investment is below 10 million. Here it should also be mentioned that investment in Plant and Machinery includes cost of tools, dies, spare parts for maintenance, R&D equipments, pollution control equipments, generator sets, fire-fighting equipments, cost of installation of plant and machinery, cost of transportation of machinery and cost of import duty, sales tax, shipping charges in case of imported machinery.

2.Ancillary Industrial Undertakings

Ancillary Industrial Undertaking is that business enterprise which is engaged in manufacturing and supplying of parts, components and intermediaries or is engaged in providing services by the amount not less than 50% of its total production or services and the total investment in fixed assets, in plant and machinery, whether held on ownership basis or on lease or on hire purchase does not exceed 10 million rupees.

Small Business Opportunity

Small Business Insurance

Successful Small Business

Small Business Tax

Small Business Accounting

Small Business Loan

Small Business Management

Small Business Finance

Small Business Company

Small Business Information

Small Business Loan Source

Small Business Insurance Plans

UK Small Business Finance

3.Tiny Enterprise

Tiny Enterprise is that business enterprise in which total investment in plant and machinery does not exceed 2.5 million rupees.

4.Enterprise by Women Entrepreneurs

If a small business enterprise is operated by one or more women entrepreneurs or if there is women proprietorship or if women have individually or jointly not less than 51% capital investment as partners or shareholders, then the business enterprise will be graded as Enterprise by Women Entrepreneurs.The contribution of Small Scale Business to the country is enormous. Its’ contributions to the different genres of the economy are:
# Production Contribution-The small-scale sector has really grown over the years revealing a highly impressive growth rate in every plan period. The small-scale businesses altogether produce almost 40% of gross manufacture of Indian Economy.
# Employment Generation Contribution-Next to Agriculture, Small Scale Industries Sector in India generates largest Number of employments, which is very crucial for an overpopulated country like India.
# Export Contribution-Small Scale Businesses in India play a vital role as far as the export of the economy is concerned.45% to 50% of total export of the economy is generated by small-scale enterprises. Among these almost 35% is direct export and nearly 15% is indirect export. This indirect export happens through merchant exporters, trading houses or in the form of export order from large business houses, which use intermediary goods made by small-scale industries in manufacturing finished products.

Opportunities in Small Scale Business

As Small Scale Businesses are less capital intensive and highly labor intensive, there are huge opportunities for this sector in a labor-abundant capital-scarce economy like India. The other factors that are cater to the fast growth of this sector are Extensive Promotion & Support by the govt., available grants & Subsidies, raw material procurement, rising export demand for Indian products and rising domestic demand which is the result of overall economic growth. But, the growth rates can increase further if more development measures are taken to improve the Technology and Marketing side of Small Scale Business and thus small-scale businesses can construct the most dynamic and vibrant sector of the economy.

Savings Bonds, Savings Bond

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Savings bonds are debt instruments issued by the government. While a savings bond is considered a safe investment, it offers a very low rate of interest as compared to other investment options, such as equities.

The US Department of the Treasury issues savings bonds. The interest rates offered on such bonds are subject to change every May and November, based on the current market rates and/or inflation.
Saving Bonds: Procedure

US savings bonds can be acquired from commercial banks, most of which act as agents for the Treasury. They can also be purchased through your employer (through payroll deductions) and over the Internet. A savings bond may be registered in the name of a single person, two people or a primary owner and a beneficiary. These are known as single ownership, co-ownership and beneficiary savings bonds, respectively. At the time of maturity, savings bonds can be redeemed at various banks or any of the branches of the Federal Reserve.

It is important to keep a record of the serial numbers, issue dates and denominations of the savings bonds in case they are lost, stolen or accidentally destroyed. This information will need to be submitted to the Department of the Treasury to ensurethat your bonds are replaced.
Types of Savings Bonds

The two main types of savings bonds are:

Series EE bonds: These savings bonds have a 30-year maturity period. Series EE bonds are typically sold at half their parvalue. While they are guaranteed to become worth their face value by the end of the term, this may happen much earlier, following which they continue to gain value. The principal is repaid, along with the interest, as a lump sum at the end of the term.

Series I bonds: These savings bonds are sold at their par value. They offer a fixed interest rate and an inflation premium. Series I bonds are designed for hedging inflation, with the premium protecting the purchasing power of the principal.
Advantages of Savings Bonds

The advantages of savings bonds are:

    * Offer a higher interest rate than savings accounts.

    * Absolute relief from local and state taxes.

    * Nominal level of initial capital investment.

    * Freedom from paying commission to brokers.

    * Assured returns and no threat from a turbulent market.

Drawbacks of Savings Bonds

The drawbacks of savings bonds are:

    * An investor receives only fixed interest on the capital invested. There is no option of capital gains from market swings.

    * Low interest rate as compared to other investment options.

    * Non transferable and do not have the status of an interest bearing security.

    * Cannot be offered as collateral when applying for loans.

    * Not liquid and do not have a secondary market.

Since the interest rates are typically low on savings bonds, they are a good investment option only for the medium term. Savings bonds are typically not favored by investors with longer horizons (more than twenty years).

Marketing

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According to the American Marketing Association, marketing is an activity that involves a vast range of institutions and processes dedicated to the creation, communication, delivery and exchange of offers. The process of marketing locates unmet needs and develops products and services catering to them. Eventually, it creates value for clients, partners, buyers and the society in general.
The Four Ps of Marketing

Professor Neil Borden of the Harvard Business School studied various company specific actions that influence a consumer’s buying decision and proposed a marketing mix of four elements:

    * Product: It includes product related specifications and their impact on the final need of the end user.

    * Pricing: This deals with the pricing of products in terms of monetary as well as other aspects related to time and energy.

    * Place: It comprises of elements related to the distribution and positioning of products among customers.
    * Promotion: This includes domains like advertising, publicity and branding as well as other activities that are governed by the basic tenet of gaining visibility among the target audience.

The other important marketing activities include:

    * Need identification

    * Competitor analysis

    * Packaging decisions

    * Sales

    * Media relations

    * Customer service and customer satisfaction

Brand Marketing

Marketing has evolved into a wide domain that includes an amalgamation of different activities including advertising, publicity, research and creating a web presence. Brand marketing involves creating a company’s identify or image and actively spreading its awareness in the marketplace. Brand marketing may fall under one of the following two categories:

    * Above the line marketing: The distribution of promotional messages through the use of mass media, such as the radio, newspapers or the television, is known as above the line marketing.

    * Below the line marketing: This involves delayed or instant incentives offered to potential customers in cash or kind. These incentives are offered for a short term to boost the popularity and sales of a product.

Both direct and indirect forms of marketing have their own advantages. While reaching customers on a one-on-one basis has a greater impact, publicizing through media has a wider reach. Faced with cutthroat competition, marketers prefer to deploy an eclectic marketing strategy.
Sales & Marketing

    * Marketing Industry, Marketing Trade
    * Sales Industry, Sales Trade
    * The Sales Funnel

Marketing for Dummies Guides

    * Marketing for Dummies
    * Marketing Plan
    * Marketing Strategy
    * Positioning
    * Differentiation
    * Brand Equity
    * Brand Marketing
    * Direct Marketing
    * RFM - Recency Frequency Monetary
    * Breakeven Response Rate
    * Customer Profitability
    * CLV - Customer Lifetime Value
    * Loyalty Program
    * The 4 Ps
    * The Campaign Framework
    * The Marketing Budget
    * The Marketing Mix

Measuring, Marketing, Metrics & KPIs

    * KPI - The One Key Marketing Metric
    * Marketing KPIs and Metrics
    * Measuring Marketing
    * ROMI - Return on Marketing Investment
    * Marketing Finance
    * Financial KPIs
    * Market Share
    * Mind Share
    * Customer Satisfaction (Cust Sat)
    * Net Promoter Score
    * Kano Model

Online Marketing/ Digital Marketing

    * CPM Advertising
    * CPC Advertising
    * CPA Marketing
    * Click Through Rate (CTR or Click Thru Rate)
    * Conversion Rate
    * SEO Marketing
    * SERP: Search Engine Ranking Page
    * Behavioral Email
    * Guerilla Marketing

ShareThis
Related Links

    * Brand Equity
    * CPC Advertising
    * Behavioral Email
    * Sales Industry, Sales Trade
    * Breakeven Response Rate
    * Customer Satisfaction (Cust Sat)
    * Conversion Rate
    * CPA Marketing
    * Financial KPIS - Financial Metrics
    * The Marketing Mix
    * Marketing Industry, Marketing Trade
    * Marketing Plan
    * CLV - Customer Lifetime Value
    * Positioning
    * The Marketing Budget
    * CPM Advertising
    * Measuring Marketing
    * SEO Marketing
    * The Sales Funnel
    * Direct Marketing
    * Guerilla Marketing
    * Marketing for Dummies
    * Marketing Finance
    * KPI - The One Key Marketing KPI
    * The 4 Ps: Product, Price, Place, Promotion
    * Mind Share
    * The Campaign Framework
    * Customer Profitability
    * Net Promoter Score
    * Differentation
    * ROMI - Return On Marketing Investment
    * Brand Marketing
    * What is Market Share? Market Share Metrics, Market Share Formula
    * Loyalty Program
    * Click Through Rate (CTR)
    * Kano Model
    * Marketing KPIs and Metrics
    * RFM - Recency Frequency Monetary
    * SERP - Search Engine Ranking Page
    * Marketing Strategy

Manufacturing Industry

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Manufacturing industry refers to those industries which involve in the manufacturing and processing of items and indulge in either creation of new commodities or in value addition. The manufacturing industry accounts for a significant share of the industrial sector in developed countries. The final products can either serve as a finished good for sale to customers or as intermediate goods used in the production process.

Evolution of the manufacturing industry:

Manufacturing industries came into being with the occurrence of technological and socio-economic transformations in the Western countries in the 18th-19th century. This was widely known as industrial revolution. It began in Britain and replaced the labor intensive textile production with mechanization and use of fuels.
Working of manufacturing industry:

Manufacturing industries are the chief wealth producing sectors of an economy. These industries use various technologies and methods widely known as manufacturing process management. Manufacturing industries are broadly categorized into engineering industries, construction industries, electronics industries, chemical industries, energy industries, textile industries, food and beverage industries, metalworking industries, plastic industries, transport and telecommunication industries.

Manufacturing industries are important for an economy as they employ a huge share of the labor force and produce materials required by sectors of strategic importance such as national infrastructure and defense. However, not all manufacturing industries are beneficial to the nation as some of them generate negative externalities with huge social costs. The cost of letting such industries flourish may even exceed the benefits generated by them.

Investment, Investing, Types of Investment

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Investment refers to the concept of deferred consumption, which involves purchasing an asset, giving a loan or keeping funds in a bank account with the aim of generating future returns. Various investment options are available, offering differing risk-reward trade offs. An understanding of the core concepts and a thorough analysis of the options can help an investor create a portfolio that maximizes returns while minimizing risk exposure.
Types of Investments

The various types of investment are:

    * Cash investments: These include savings bank accounts, certificates of deposit (CDs) and treasury bills. These investments pay a low rate of interest and are risky options in periods of inflation.

    * Debt securities: This form of investment provides returns in the form of fixed periodic payments and possible capital appreciation at maturity. It is a safer and more 'risk-free' investment tool than equities. However, the returns are also generally lower than other securities.

    * Stocks: Buying stocks (also called equities) makes you a part-owner of the business and entitles you to a share of the profits generated by the company. Stocks are more volatile and riskier than bonds.

    * Mutual funds: This is a collection of stocks and bonds and involves paying a professional manager to select specific securities for you. The prime advantage of this investment is that you do not have to bother with tracking the investment. There may be bond, stock- or index-based mutual funds.

    * Derivatives: These are financial contracts the values of which are derived from the value of the underlying assets, such as equities, commodities and bonds, on which they are based. Derivatives can be in the form of futures, options and swaps. Derivatives are used to minimize the risk of loss resulting from fluctuations in the value of the underlying assets (hedging).

    * Commodities: The items that are traded on the commodities market are agricultural and industrial commodities. These items need to be standardized and must be in a basic, raw and unprocessed state. The trading of commodities is associated with high risk and high reward. Trading in commodity futures requires specialized knowledge and in-depth analysis.

    * Real estate: This investment involves a long-term commitment of funds and gains that are generated through rental or lease income as well as capital appreciation. This includes investments into residential or commercial properties.

Further Resources

Adhere to trusted wealth management practices from top firms like GoldenTree Asset Management, LP.

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Investment Banks

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Banking Investment:
Banks have relatively higher importance in the field of investment. Though the investment banks play a major role in the field of investment, still in the recent years the commercial banks have raised their importance by concentrating more on the investment segment.

Some of the top investment banks over the world are as follows:

    * Anderson & Strudwick
    * Bulltick Capital Markets
    * Canaccord Adams
    * Ferris, Baker Watts, Inc.
    * Friedman Billings Ramsey
    * Genuity Capital Markets
    * Goldman Sachs
    * Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin
    * Jefferies & Co
    * Janney Montgomery Scott
    * Ladenburg Thalmann
    * Lehman Brothers
    * Macquarie Bank
    * Morgan Stanley
    * Newbury Piret
    * Noble Bank (UK)
    * Northern Securities (Canada)
    * Robert W. Baird & Company
    * Stephens Inc.
    * ThinkEquity Partners, LLC
    * William Blair & Company

India's Trade, Exports and Imports

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Having been an agro-based economy, Indian trade has always been devoid of manufactured or industrial goods. Post liberalisation, imports dominated the Indian trade scene in the form of heavy machinery and information technology products and, thus, created an imbalance of trade.
India Trade: Exports

Indian trade was impacted by the global recession of 2007-2009. Indian exports fell from $200.9 billion in 2008 to $165 billion in 2009. India ranked 22nd in the world in terms of export volume.

Being a country with a huge workforce, India has seen its trade being boosted by the production of precious stones and metals. The various other export commodities that India exports are:

    *      Petroleum products
    *      Machinery
    *      Iron and steel
    *      Chemicals
    *      Vehicles
    *      Apparel

India’s main export partners are:
    *      UAE
    *      US
    *      China
    *      Singapore

The following graph shows how the above countries have contributed to the total volume:

India: Export Partners, 2009

Indian trade has undergone massive restructuring following the 1991 liberalisation policies. Ever since, India’s exports have experienced a growth rate of 18.11%. The big surprise has been the import sector that has experienced a growth rate of 34.30%.

India Trade: Imports

The Indian economy is headed towards becoming a developed economy and all its sectors are in need of machinery and energy. Therefore, Indian imports are dominated by crude oil and machines. Other imported commodities are:

    * Precious stones
    * Fertilizer
    * Iron and steel
    * Gold & Silver
    * Electronic Goods
    * Machinery other than Electrical
    * Organic & Inorganic Chemicals
    * Metalliferous Ores & Products
    * Coal
    * Transport Equipment

In 2009, total imports amounted to $253.9 billion, down from the 2008 figure of $322.3 billion. India ranked fifteenth in the world in terms of import volume.

India’s import partners are:

    * China 10.8%
    * Saudi Arabia 6.9%
    * US 6.7%U
    * AE 6.7%
    * Iran 4.2%

The graph below shows how the above countries have contributed to total import volume:

India: Import Partners, 2009

Indian trade has undergone massive restructuring following the 1991 liberalisation policies. Ever since, India’s exports have experienced a growth rate of 18.11%. The big surprise has been the import sector that has experienced a growth rate of 34.30%.

Global Trade

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Global trade is the exchange of raw materials, goods and services across the geographical borders of countries across the globe. Foreign trade got its first impetus from the industrial revolution in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. Rapid development in transportation facilities resulted in a surge in international trade in the twentieth century. Today, international trade has taken the form of outsourcing and multinational companies (companies that have a presence in several countries).

The History of World Trade

World trade was prevalent much before the formation of nation states. Some important examples of ancient long distance trade are:

    * The Egyptians imported spices from Arabia and the ‘Land of Punt’ (present day Somalia).

    * The Ptolemaic dynasty, which ruled in Egypt from 305 BC to 30 BC, traded with India.

    * Arabian vessels were used to transport Indian goods to Aden.

    * Chinese goods made their way to India, Persia and Rome through the silk route.

From the eighteenth century, industrialization and colonization went hand in hand. The European nations increased their political power through trade. They exploited trading opportunities in eastern countries like India.

Present Global Trade Scenario

There was a dramatic rise in world trade volumes in the twentieth century. While in 1928, world exports amounted to US$31.7 billion, this figure had risen to US$4,215,000.2 billion by 1994. Studies conducted by the UNCTAD in 1994 show that trade in commercial services rose much faster than merchandise trade between 1970 and 1990.

The G-7 group, comprising of the US, France, Germany, the UK, Italy, Japan and Canada, has always commanded a dominant position in world trade. Gradually the significance of certain Asia Pacific nations, such as China, Singapore, India, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Korea, has risen.

World Trade Organization

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the most powerful body for controlling the dynamics of global trade. It has the power to enforce its rules through sanctions and helps in the formulation of trade agreements between various countries. It also oversees that agreement terms are adhered to by the participating countries and resolves disputes.

International Trade Models

The theory of international trade and its possible effects can be explained with the help of the following models:

Absolute Advantage Theory

Country A is said to have absolute advantage over country B if it can produce commodity C with lower cost of resources than Country B. On the other hand Country B can have an absolute advantage over country A in the production of commodity D. In this case the countries A and B would benefit by trade. Adam Smith put forward his theory of absolute advantage.

Comparative Advantage Theory

According to this theory a country would produce and specialize in those commodities in which it has comparative advantage in terms of resources. The relative factor endowments in a country play a vital role to govern the pattern of trade.

Heckscher-Ohlin Model

According to this theory a country will export that good which utilizes its abundant its factor of production more intensively. Conversely, the country will import goods that utilize factors of production that re locally less abundant in nature. Hence we see that variation in the factor endowments play a key role in the pattern of international trade in the case of the Heckscher-Ohlin Model.

On testing this theory empirically Wasily Leotieff found that this theory might not hold true always. For instance United States was found to export commodities that were labor intensive although it was a capital abundant country itself. This phenomenon was termed as the Leontief Paradox.

Specific Factors Model

This model assumes labor to be mobile but capital fixed in the short run. According to this model if the price of a commodity increases then the producer of that used the specific factor to produce the good would profit. The model is most suited for particular types of industries.

Gravity Model

According to this model the distance between the countries would influence the pattern of trade. Econometric findings have also supported this assumption.

Forex Trading

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Forex trading amounts to the largest amount of financial transactions in the world. The forex market has become the cynosure of world traders. The ease of trading and the leverage offered make forex trading truly viable and lucrative. However, one should learn the various aspects of the forex market before investing. Incomplete knowledge about forex trading can cause huge losses.
Margin Forex Trading

Forex is generally traded on margins. This means that a trader can open an account at a small price and trade through it. Due to the high leverage offered, it is possible for even low deposits to yield huge profits. Most of the brokers offer margin accounts and let traders operate at as low as 1%. This means that for a trade worth $100,000, the trader only needs to deposit $1,000. Leverage works both ways, which means that it multiplies both profits and losses.

Forex Trading Quotes

Forex trading is done through quotes that indicate the rate of exchange of one currency in terms of another. For example, in the quote of USD/JPY- 94.9036/94.9040, the figures mean that by selling USD (base currency) a person will get 94.9036 JPY whereas buying a USD will cost 94.9036 JPY. The buying price is usually high and the difference between the two prices is measured in pips. In the aforementioned example, there was a 4 pip difference.

Forex Trading: Spread and Commissions

Most of the forex brokers operate without any commission. They make money through the spread differences. Spread is the quote specific to a currency pair. Even a single pip movement can amplify into big profits through leverage.

Forex Trading: Spot or Forward

Forex trading is done in two ways:

    * Spot
    * Forward

Spot trading is done in real time on current prices. The traders ask or bid for the currency through the trading platforms and such trades are settled within 2 days. A forward trade is a settlement made in advance for a specific date and time with a specific amount of forex.
For a successful forex trading experience, there are other factors like fundamental and technical analyses that a trader must go through incisively. Otherwise, forex trading will remain a tough investment option to master with all its vagaries and volatility.

Energy saving companies, Power Energy saving companies, Economy Watch

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Energy saving companies specialize in offering energy efficient solutions to the customers. The products and services offered by energy saving companies are designed to ensure efficient use of energy and bring about favorable changes in the climatic conditions.

Energy saving companies put stress on use of renewable sources of energy. With their experienced group of professionals, these companies carry out a number of research and development programs to evolve energy efficient solutions. The solutions offered by energy saving companies utilize latest technologies to minimize the requirement of energy and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. This in turn has positive effects like reduction of electricity consumption and addition to the long-term savings of the consumers.
Products and Services of Energy Saving Companies at a Glance

The products and services of energy saving companies are provided in accordance with the International Energy Efficiency Standards. Energy saving bulbs, fans, water heaters, motion sensors, and power factor correction facilities are some of the major products offered by energy saving companies. Some of these companies provide the customers with recycled products. The specialty of the solutions offered by energy saving companies lies in their customized formats. Professionals of these companies design the products as per the clients’ requirements.

Some of the leading energy saving companies that operate in the global market are listed below:

   1. Asian Electronics
   2. AsiaNet PE Systems Limited
   3. Caterlines
   4. Easun reyrolle Ltd
   5. Energetics
   6. Enervent Oy
   7. Firenix Technologies Pvt. Ltd
   8. Gazpro
   9. Micro-Ceramic Gmbh
10. New Horizon Technologies
11. Ontario Energy Savings L.P.
12. Kyung kee inc
13. Save-n-energy.com
14. Century sunshine technology co., limited,
15. Energy savings group
16. Edmonds pty ltd,
17. The myriad group
18. Eks hotel equipments co.ltd.
19. K-lite industries
20. Elektroplast as,
21. Nvision company limited
22. Energi works,
23. Energy saving company
24. Energy planning services inc,
25. Ahead innovations pte ltd
26. Fasten group imp.&exp. co., ltd.,
27. All sun shield window film
28. Firstwood technology pte ltd,
29. Antonio lopez garrido s.a.
30. Hua yue electronic factory,
31. Asia electric technologies
32. Hurricane supplies,
33. Autocell electronics, inc.,
34. Ihp international heating products ab,
35. Nanner commercial electrical appliance co., ltd.,
36. Inno synergy pte ltd,

Energy saving companies offers specialized solutions both for the individual and industrial clients. The complimentary Energy Audit service provided by these companies helps the clients to keep a check on their energy consumption. The solar power and wind power solutions are designed to ensure conformity with the sustainable energy policy. Energy saving companies also focus on internal carbon mitigation.

Corporate Bonds, Corporate Bond

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Corporate bonds are longer-term debt instruments issued by companies to raise money for business expansion.These debt instruments usually have a maturity date of at least a year after issue. Corporate bonds with a shorter maturity are known as commercial papers.
How Do Corporate Bonds Deliver Yield?

Yield refers to the total amount from coupon payments as well as “built-in” appreciation in value. For instance, an investor may purchase a $100 corporate bond for $95, with an annual coupon payment of $10, or $5 biannually. The current yield would be 10.5% ($10 /$95). The investor would also profit from the built-in price appreciation of $5 by holding the bond to maturity and receiving the par value of $100. Some companies issue zero-coupon bonds, the current yield of which is zero, while the yield to maturity is only a function of the built-in appreciation in value.
Benefits of Corporate Bonds

Here are some benefits of corporate bonds:

    * Attractive yields: Corporations generally offer higher yields than government bonds of the same maturity.

    * Dependable income: Corporate bonds offer investors the opportunity of a steady income, while preserving the principal.

    * Safety: Credit rating agencies, like Standard & Poor's and Moody's, rate corporate bonds according to associated risk and rewards. Ratings reflect the capability of the issuing authority to deliver timely returns. The higher the rating, the safer the investment.

    * Diversity: An investor can choose from a variety of sectors and credit-quality characteristics.

    * Marketability: Most corporate bonds sell easily and quickly due to the market’s size and liquidity.

Drawbacks of Corporate Bonds

While corporate bonds offer a higher yield than some other investments, they are also accompanied by higher risks. These include:

    * Interest Rate Risk: Interest rate movements can significantly reduce the value of the bond.

    * Credit Risk: Corporate bonds are not secured by collateral. Thus an investor faces the risk of a corporation failing to meet the debt obligation.

    * Event Risk: Corporate bonds have exposure to event-based risks. Corporate reshuffles, takeovers or restructuring have far reaching consequences on the credit rating and price of such bonds.

    * Call Risk: Callable corporate bonds can be a nightmare when the issuer declares the purchase of bonds after a stipulated time period. Corporations usually call off a high-yielding bond when interest rates plummet. This gives the company a chance to reissue bonds at lower interest rates. In such cases, an investor receives only the par value of the bond.

Companies of the World, Major Companies

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There are several prominent lists and indices that cover the largest companies in the world. While they don’t include the largest private companies such as Saudi Aramco, they do reflect a shift in gravity from developed to emerging economies.

Elsewhere in Economy Watch we discuss the types of that exist today, and the effects of The opening up of world economies has allowed businesses to scale on a truly global level. These new multi-national corporations have become immense, and are often bigger than national economies.

A number of indices have been developed to list the largest companies and businesses in the world. These lists tend to be dominated by US companies, with a sizable contingent of European companies. However, in recent years we have seen the beginnings of a trend away from companies in the developed world and towards entities from the emerging markets that are growing at a faster pace.

It is important to note that these indices can only categorize publicly listed companies, and therefore may not be truly reflective of the world pecking order. Many authorities believe that the largest company in the world is actually Saudi Aramco, the company that controls the entire petrochemical industry in Saudi Arabia. However, since it is a private company that does not report its revenues, these claims cannot be verified.

Here are some of the major lists and indices of global companies:

Fortune Global 500
Each year Fortune Magazine calculates the size of the largest companies in the world, and publishes the Global 500 list of the largest, together with their company profiles.

Fortune Global Most Admired Companies
Fortune surveys executives at the top companies of the world, which it classifies as companies with market capitalization of over US $8 billion. It asks respondents to rate their peers on categories such as industry leadership, talent management and innovation, and publishes the results

Forbes 2000 Companies
This is an annual compendium of the biggest publicly-listed companies in the world, compiled by Forbes Magazine. The report was started in 2004, and in 2008 lists companies based in 60 different countries worldwide. Companies are ranked on a mix of metrics including market value, sales, assets and profits. The Forbes 2000 companies account for no less than US $30 trillion of sales and own US $119 trillion of assets worldwide!

S&P Global 1200
The S&P Global 1200 Index is an index of global stocks that are tracked by Standard & Poor’s. The index has components from 31 countries and is estimated to include approximately 70% of worldwide stock market equity. It is composed of six regional or continental indices:
S&P 500 Index (US)
S&P/TSX 60 Index (Canada)
S&P Latin America 40 Index (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile)
S&P/TOPIX 150 Index (Japan)
S&P Asia 50 Index (Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan)
S&P Europe 350 Index (Europe)

Dow Jones Industrial Average
The Dow Jones Industrial Average consists of 30 of the largest publicly traded companies in the US, who are also among the largest worldwide. It was created by a former Wall Street Journal editor and founder of Dow Jones & Company, Charles Dow. It is also called the DJIA, the Dow 30 or the Dow Jones.

S&P 500
This stock market index contains a selected group of large-cap companies listed on both the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq. Most of the companies listed are American. The S&P 500 Index is a subset of the S&P Global 1200 Index

Russell 3000 Index
The Russell 3000 Index consists of the largest 3000 publicly-traded companies in the US, representing 98% of stock market equity in America.

Russell 2000 Index
The Russell 2000 Index is a subset of the Russell 3000 Index, and represents the smallest companies in the US - the top 1000 companies have been removed from the list. The Russell 2000 Index allows investors to track the small-cap market, and represents 10% of the equity value of the Russell 3000 Index.

ET 500 Companies
Dubbed the ‘Changing Face of India inc’, the Economic Times of India publishes the ET 500, the list of the largest companies in India.

Commodity Trading

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Commodity trading is a kind of financial trading in which primary products, such as food, metals and energy, are bought and sold. Trading in commodities is mostly undertaken on contracts that are based on such commodities.

Some commonly traded commodities include:

Agricultural products such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cocoa and oats

Energy products such as crude oil, ethanol, natural gas and uranium

Precious metals such as gold, platinum and silver

Industrial metals such as copper, lead, zinc and tin

Commodities trading is also called futures trading. When one trades futures, s/he does not actually buy or own anything. The contract is bought to speculate on the future direction of the price of the commodity.

How is Commodity Trading Done?

Commodity is traded at organized commodity exchanges. Most of the trading involves commodity futures. Here, the underlying asset of the futures is a particular commodity, such as gold, corn or wheat.

When such contracts are bought, the buyer of the futures contract gets the right to buy or sell the underlying commodity at a specified price at a specified future date. The buyer of the contract also pays a price to the seller for this right and this is called the premium.

Some famous commodity exchanges are the Chicago Climate Exchange, Hedge Street Exchange, CME Group, Central Japan Commodity Exchange, Dubai Mercantile Exchange, Tokyo Commodity Exchange and London Metal Exchange.

Broadly speaking, there are two different types of markets for commodity trading. Spot markets are where immediate trading takes place. This includes personal purchases (like when you buy jewelry with cash) as well as spot trading on a much larger scale (like trading in oil or large quantities of gold). The other market involves future trading. Here, a contract is traded, rather than the commodity itself.

Benefits of Commodity Trading

    * Commodity trading is much cheaper than stock trading, since the margins associated with the former are much lower.

    * The brokerage in commodity trading is extremely low.

    * Commodity trading is highly useful for speculators.

Risks of Commodity Trading

Commodity trading is highly risky and may result in huge net loss due to unfavorable market conditions. It is advisable for amateurs to first trade in stock futures before venturing into commodity trading.

Business Schools-World best business schools

2011-01-18T07:56:00.002-08:00

Adoption of opening norms by the countries of the world has given tremendous opportunities to be shared in the global brain bazaar. Both United States and the European union are the best stakeholders in the brain bazaar. They have their comparative advantage in the field of technology over the globe undoubtedly. But this may not be the sufficient condition for the present world where cost comparison is the driving force. This can be justified keeping in view following statistics by ANS.America's National Statistics shows that, cost of employing one chemist or engineer in USA is equivalent to 5 chemists in china and 11 engineers in India.

Presently both India and China produce more than a million engineering graduate students a year in comparison to 170,000 from US and Europe. Though in the field of manufacturing quantity of brains, the Asian Giants are front-runners but about the quality they are some how failed due to some structural rigidities.

As the market has become more knowledge based so the need of the hour is to manufacture accordingly.

Here in this section we are trying to provide the informations on the top manufacturers in the Global Brain Bazaar.

This section covers various business schools, international presence, courses offered, duration of the programme, facilities to the students and the location of the institute.

    * Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Norway
    * Nanyang Business School, Singapore
    * National University of Singapore Faculty of Business Administration, Singapore
    * Chung-Ang University College of Business Administration, South Korea
    * International Graduate School Of Management, Spain
    * University of St.Gallen, Institute of Management, Switzerland
    * London Business School, UK
    * Birkbeck College, University of London
    * Harvard Business School, US
    * Kelley School of Business, UK
    * Australian Graduate Schools of Management
    * Macquarie Graduate School of Management (MSGM)
    * Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology - Business
    * Sydney School of Finance and Economics (University of Technology)
    * Vienna University of Economics (Vienna)
    * Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School
    * School of Business Administration (Dalhousie University)
    * Simon Fraser University, Faculty of Business Administration
    * Copenhagen Business School (Denmark)
    * Estonian Business School (Estonia)
    * Swedish School of Economics and Business Information (Finland)
    * Paris Graduate School of Management (France)
    * Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (India)
    * Michael Smurfit Graduate School of Business (Ireland)
    * Graduate School of International Management, International University of Japan
    * Netherlands Business School, Nijenrode University
    * Delhi School Of Economics (India)

Business process outsourcing

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In business process outsourcing (BPO), a specific business function is outsourced to a third party service provider. Earlier, manufacturing firms used to opt for business process outsourcing. But nowadays, service oriented firms contract operations of a business function to third party service providers.

Classification of BPO

BPO can be classified under two categories: back office outsourcing and front office outsourcing. Back office outsourcing involves business functions like billing and purchasing. Front office outsourcing includes functions like marketing and technology support.

Offshore and onshore

Onshore business process outsourcing is a term used when work is outsourced to a service provider located in the same country. Contrary to this we have offshore business process outsourcing where work is outsourced to a company located in a different country.

Size of BPO industry

According to McKinsey, global business process outsourcing industry is estimated to be worth about $122- $154 billion. Major business operations and functions outsourced to third party service providers include retail banking, insurance, finance, accounting and HR, and travel or hospitality.

Top BPO destinations

Top BPO destinations in the world include countries like India, Philippines, Morocco, Egypt, and South Africa. Business operations and functions are also outsourced to China and Eastern European countries. India accounts for about 5-6 percent of total BPO industry. But it holds a lion’s share (63%) as far as offshore division of BPO industry is concerned.

BPO industry in India

Offshore BPO earns about $10.9 billion of revenues for India. IT and total BPO revenue in India is predicted to cross $30 billion in 2008. India’s revenues from offshore BPO has dipped from 70 percent of total offshore work to about 63 percent.

Major BPO companies in India

Major BPO companies in India include Genpact, WNS Global Services, Transwork Information Services, IBM Daksh, and TCS BPO.

Challenges

BPO industry has to deal with various challenges in order to sustain its growth. Due to lack of talented and skilled manpower, BPO industry is always on the lookout for suitable candidate. This leads to high attrition levels within the industry. Other problems that plague BPO industry include reckless start-ups and poor infrastructure.

Business Plan

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A business plan is a formal statement of the business goals, their justifications and the procedures planned to be undertaken to achieve those goals. Business goals are mostly financial in nature whereas non-profit goals such as service goals are also under the ambit of business goals of certain companies. While business plans can be both externally as well as internally focused, the essential feature of a business plan is writing of the plan where the role of the business plan companies becomes fundamentally important. Writing of the business plan means that the goals of the business are well documented.

Find below detailed on strategic business plan, business plan examples and small business plans.

Real Estate Business Plan

Basic Business Plan

Business Plan Example

Small Business Plan

Strategic Business Plan

Business Plan Company

Business Insurance

2011-01-18T07:53:00.004-08:00

Find below detailed on strategic Business Insurance , Business Insurance examples and small Business Insurances:

Business Life Insurance

Business Life Insurance is simply meant as the insurance policies purchased by the business firm or the company for its key employees. Know more on the business life insurance:

Business Insurance Rates

Business Insurance Rates mainly depend upon payroll of the. It is generally observed that when the risk of loss of the company is lower, then less will be the amount of business insurance rates.

Business Insurance Company

Business Insurance Companies generally provide insurance policies to the small or large businesses. Get the companies rendering business insurance:

Auto Business Insurance

Auto Business Insurance is a form of business insurance mainly used for protecting businesses from automobile mis-happenings. Click to know more on Auto Insurance Business.

Business Cards

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Introduction

Cards which provide information about a company or an individual are called business cards. This card is often used during sales calls and intial business meetings. The modern business card was developed as a fusion of traditional trade card and visiting cards. Business cards started gaining in popularity from the 17th century, starting in London. It was supposed to be a business and status symbol among the upper middle class, in particular among traders and merchants.
Identifying features

Some of the identifying features of a business card are: the name and title of the person represented, the company name and company logo, which proves the holders affiliation to that company and contact information like street address(es), telephone number(s), e-mail address(es) and website address(es).
Business Card Appearance

Conventionally, business cards were designed by simple black text on white background. Today business cards have evolved to include a range of cards, including glossy UV-coats or textured matt finishes, full colour, and non-standard cuts and shapes. Business cards can even double as mini-CDs with data about the holder's company.

A Brief History of the Business Card

A business card can be thought of as the mixture of a visiting card and a trade card. Visiting cards first emerged in China in the 15th century and then spread throughout Europe in the 17th century. The visiting card was used as symbol of status and sophistication among the elite. Ultimately, it became an essential commodity to the upper-middle class gentlemen. Then came trade cards in the beginning of 17th century in London, used merchants as an advertising tool. With the passage of time this trade card gradually became a business card through design modifications, and ultimately fused with visiting cards to become the ubiquitous modern business card..
Usage

Business cards are mainly used by business people, officials, entrepreneurs and small Office / Home Office (SOHO) professionals, although some people use this card for their personal contact information - the modern equivalent of a visiting card.
Card Size

The international standard size specified by ISO 7810 ID-1 is 85.60 × 53.98 mm (3.370 × 2.125 in) The size sometimes differs by country. Modern business cards come in a variety of types, shapes and standards, particularly in creative and marketing industries where differentiation is more important than standardisation..

A business card creation process must clarify the holders name, title, company logo, and contact information for all members of that organisation. The card type, size, color scheme and layout should be standardized across all offices and countries.

Business Card Holders get additional benefits from the use of the card. Sometimes a business card can sit in a contacts Rolodex for years. Then it might jog the memory of the business associate, and one phone call could lead to a large deal being struck.

How to go about creating the right business card for you or your organisation.

Business

2011-01-18T07:52:00.001-08:00

A business is an organization which is legally recognized to offer goods and services to the consumers and other entities like governments, social sector organizations, and other corporate entities.

Businesses are one of the building blocks of capitalist economies. Most businesses are privately owned, but they can be listed on stock markets or owned by governments and other organizations. The main purpose of a business is to earn profit and add to the wealth of their owners or shareholders. By providing useful goods or services and assuming some risks, businesses seek to develop a positive cash flow.

Types of Business at a Glance

Business types are normally defined by means of ownership, as outlined below:

Sole proprietorship: A business owned by one person. This is the simplest and most prevalent form of business worldwide, but also the least economically productive. Most ‘mom and pop’ shops and freelancers tend to fall into this category. The owner has total and unlimited liability for all debts incurred, but may pay less tax and be subject to less stringent regulations.

Partnership: A business owned by two or more partners. Each partner has total and unlimited liability for all debts of the business in a general partnership, but there are some levels of protection in limited partnerships and limited liability partnerships. Traditionally, professional services organizations like legal and consultancy practices have tended to form as partnerships.

Corporation: A limited liability business that has a separate legal entity than its owners. A corporation is designed to generate profit, has more than one owner, and has a board of directors who are responsible for hiring (and firing) its management team. Public corporations will list some or all of their shares on stock markets, and will then be required to make public their financial performance.

Cooperative: Like a corporate, a cooperative business or a ‘co-op’ is a limited liability entity that is for-profit. However it is owned by members, normally in large numbers, and not shareholders. Members have voting rights on all major business decisions. Co-ops are normally classified as either consumer cooperatives or worker cooperatives.

Categories of Business

Businesses can be categorized by the nature of services offered, as follows:

Service businesses: These businesses specialize in providing intangible products and services and earn a profit by charging a certain amount for the services that they offer. Business organizations including lawyers, accountants, consulting firms, designers, architects, entertainers and other professionals come under the purview of service businesses.

Financial businesses: These businesses include banks and other corporate entities that deal with capital management and investment.

Manufacturers: These businesses specialize in production of goods from raw materials. Manufacturers earn profits by selling final products in the domestic and/or international markets.

Retailers and distributors: These business organizations serve as mediators between manufacturers and consumers. The majority of consumer-oriented outlets, e-commerce sites and catalogue companies come under this category.

Real estate businesses: These businesses generate profits by trading buildings, land, and all other forms of residential and commercial property.

Agricultural and mining businesses: These businesses are involved in the production and distribution of raw materials for the manufacturing companies.

Transportation businesses: These businesses generate profits by transporting people, commodities, parts, and finished goods.

Utilities: These businesses are involved in providing public services like sewage treatment, communications, and power.

Information businesses: These businesses deal with production, distribution, and marketing of software and hardware products. Outsourcing businesses also fall under the domain of information business.

Asia Pacific Trade, Exports and Imports

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Asia Pacific trade, exports and imports are difficult to generalize, as many countries in this region, such as China and North Korea, have separate trade agendas. Asia Pacific has a strong manufacturing market due to the availability of cheap labor. This translates into manufacturing huge amounts of textiles, electronics, automotive products, heavy equipment, consumer durable goods, and more. China, Japan and South Korea are major exporters of automobiles, industrial equipment and heavy machinery. Singapore, China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Malaysia are major exporters of semiconductors and electronic products. China and Indonesia are leaders in oil and textile exports. The Asia Pacific region also imports oil and raw materials from Middle East and Latin America. Also, luxury items, cars and electronics are imported from Europe and the USA. Major import commodities include food, energy products, defense equipment, aviation equipment, heavy vehicles and raw materials.

Asia Pacific Trade: Japan Import and Export Statistics

Japanese exports and imports fell by 30% in 2009. The exports fell by $516.3 billion in 2009 from $747 billion in 2008. The imports to Japan amounted to $490.6 billion, down 30.7 % from 2008. Japan also earned $25.7 billion trade surplus in 2009, down 32.7% from $38.2 billion in 2008. The following table shows distribution of Japan’s import partners (in percentages).

The following table shows Japan’s exports to the US for some commodities and the gain/loss percentage in 2009 compared to 2008.

Commodity

Export Worth

Gain/Loss Percentage

Passenger cars


$24.1 billion


-41.7%

Automotive parts


$6.3 billion


-29.5%

Computer accessories


$5.3 billion


-20.8%

Industrial machinery


$5.1 billion


-22.2%

Electric products


$3 billion


-23.6%

Semiconductors


$2.4 billion


-31.2%

Engines


$2.3 billion


-36.1%

Pharmaceuticals


$2.29 billion


-10.3%

Medical equipment


$2.26 billion


-12.1%

Source: http://import-export.suite101.com/article.cfm/japan-trade-statistics-2009

The following table shows Japan’s imports from the US for some commodities and the gain/loss percentage in 2009 compared to 2008.

Commodity

Export Worth

Gain/Loss Percentage

Civilian aircrafts


$4.2 billion


-18.2%

Medicinal equipment


$2.8 billion


-1.7%

Pharmaceuticals


$2.5 billion


32.2%

Meat and Poultry


$2.1 billion


3.2%

Telecom equipment


$1.7 billion


-8.4%

Household goods


$1.5 billion


-10.6%

Industrial machinery


$1.45 billion


-39.4%

Chemicals


$1.2 billion


-14.8%

Soybeans


$1.1 billion


-20.1%

Source: http://import-export.suite101.com/article.cfm/japan-trade-statistics-2009

Asia Pacific Trade: China Import and Export Statistics

China’s primary export commodities include electrical goods, apparel, textiles, iron and steel, optical and medical equipment. The following table shows China’s exports in the year 2008 and 2009 (data in USD trillion).

China’s exports in the year 2008 and 2009 (data in USD trillion)

The following table shows the distribution of China’s export partners in percentages.

China’s export partners In percentage

China’s primary import commodities include oil and mineral fuels, optical and medical equipment, metal ores, plastics and organic chemicals. The following table shows China’s imports in the year 2008 and 2009 in USD trillion.

China’s imports in year 2008 and 2009

The following table shows the distribution of China’s import partners in percentages.

China’s import partners