cancerhwait

routes of cancer staging

noreply@blogger.com (Drhwait) — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 09:20:00 +0000

routes of cancer staging

Early detection of cancer can greatly improve the odds of successful treatment and survival.

Physicians use information from symptoms and several other procedures to diagnose cancer. Imaging techniques such as

X-rays

CT scans

MRI scans

PET scans

and ultrasound scans

endoscopy

are used to detect where a tumor is located and what organs affected by it

biopsy

Extracting cancer cells and looking at them under a microscope is the only absolute way to diagnose cancer

Other types of diagnostic tests are frequently used as well

body's sugars

fats

proteins

DNA

For example, cancerous prostate cells release a higher level of a chemical called PSA can be detected in blood

cancer classification

noreply@blogger.com (Drhwait) — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 09:10:00 +0000

cancer classification

There are five broad groups that are used to classify cancer

Carcinoma characterized by cell that cover internal and external parts of the body such as lung, breast, and colon cancer
Sarcoma characterized by cell that are located in bone, cartilage, fat, connective tissue, muscle, and other supportive tissues
Lymphoma cancer that begin in the lymph nodes and immune system tissues
Leukemia cancer that begin in the bone marrow and often accumulate in the bloodstream
Adenomas are cancers that arise in the thyroid, the pituitary gland, the adrenal gland, and other glandular tissues

Cancers are often referred to by terms that contain a prefix related to the cell type in which the cancer originated and a suffix such as -sarcoma, -carcinoma, or just -oma. Common prefixes include:

Adeno- = gland
Chondro- = cartilage
Erythro- = red blood cell
Hemangio- = blood vessels
Hepato- = liver
Lipo- = fat
Lympho- = white blood cell
Melano- = pigment cell
Myelo- = bone marrow
Myo- = muscle
Osteo- = bone
Uro- = bladder
Retino- = eye
Neuro- = brain

.

symptoms of cancer

noreply@blogger.com (Drhwait) — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 20:28:00 +0000

symptoms of cancer

Cancer symptoms are varied and depend on

where the cancer is located

where it has spread

size of the tumor

. Pancreas cancers are usually too small to cause symptoms until they cause pain

by pushing against nearby nerves or interfere with liver function to cause a yellowing of the skin and eyes called jaundice

Symptoms also can be created as a tumor grows and pushes against organs and blood vessels. For example, cancer colon lead to symptoms

constipation diarrhea changes in stool size

. Bladder or prostate cancers cause changes in bladder function such as more frequent or infrequent urination.

general symptoms

fever

fatigue

excessive sweating

anemia

unexplained weight loss

However, these symptoms are common in several other maladies as well. For example

coughing and hoarseness can point to lung or throat cancer as well as several other conditions.

When cancer spreads, symptoms can present themselves in the newly affected area. Swollen or enlarged lymph nodes are common and likely to be present early.

brain

patients may experience vertigo, headaches, or seizures.

lungs

may cause coughing and shortness of breath. In addition,

liver

may become enlarged and cause jaundice and

bones

can become painful, brittle, and break easily. Symptoms of spread depend on the location to which the cancer has spread

causes of cancer

noreply@blogger.com (Drhwait) — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 20:15:00 +0000

causes of cancer

Cancer is ultimately the result of cells that uncontrolled grow . Normal cells in the body follow regular path of growth, division, and death. Programmed cell death is called (apoptosis), and when this process breaks down, cancer begins to form. Unlike regular cells, cancer cells no apoptosis and instead continue to grow and divide. This leads to a mass of abnormal cells that grows out of control

Genes - the DNA type

normal cell division process: oncogenes tell cells when to divide, tumor suppressor genes tell cells when not to divide, suicide genes control apoptosis and tell the cell to kill itself if something goes wrong, and DNA-repair genes instruct a cell to repair damaged DNA.

Cancer occurs when a cell's gene mutations make the cell unable to correct DNA damage and unable to commit suicide.leading to uncontrollable cell growth.

Carcinogens

Carcinogens are a class of substances that are directly responsible for damaging DNA,

Tobacco, asbestos, arsenic, radiation such as gamma and x-rays

the sun, and compounds in car exhaust fumes are all examples of carcinogens. When our bodies are exposed to carcinogens, free radicals are formed that try to steal electrons from other molecules in the body. Theses free radicals damage cells and affect their ability to function normally.

familial causes

Cancer can be the result of a genetic predisposition that is inherited from family members. It is possible to be born with certain genetic mutations or a fault in a gene that makes one statistically more likely to develop cancer later in life.

Other medical factors

As we age, there is an increase in the number of possible cancer-causing mutations in our DNA. This makes age an important risk factor for cancer. Several viruses have also been viruses cause cancer

human papillomavirus cause of cervical cancer

hepatitis B and C causes of liver cancer
Epstein-Barr virusa cause of some childhood cancers

What is Cancer

noreply@blogger.com (Drhwait) — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 20:04:00 +0000

What is Cancer

Cancer : out-of-control cell growth

There are over 100 different types of cancer

each is classified by the type of cell that is initially affected

Cancer harms the body when damaged cells divide uncontrollably to form lumps or masses of tissue called tumors (except in the case of leukemia where cancer prohibits normal blood function by abnormal cell division in the blood stream). Tumors can grow and interfere with the digestive, nervous, and circulatory systems, and they can release hormones that alter body function. Tumors that stay in one spot and demonstrate limited growth are generally considered to be benign.

when two things occur lead to

More dangerous, or malignant, tumors

a cancerous cell manages to move throughout the body using the blood or lymph systems, destroying healthy tissue (invasion)
that cell manages to divide and grow, making new blood vessels to feed itself in a process called (angiogenesis)

When a tumor successfully spreads to other parts of the body and grows, invading and destroying other healthy tissues, it is said to have metastasized. This process itself is called metastasis, and the result is a serious condition that is very difficult to treat.

cancer claimed the lives of about 7.6 million people in the world every year

Privacy Policy for www.cancerhwait.blogspot.com

noreply@blogger.com (Drhwait) — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 16:35:00 +0000

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