CCNACCNP Networking

NAPSTAT(Network Acess Protection Statistics)

2012-03-03T02:29:00.000-08:00

in Network Acess Protection.

VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)

2011-12-08T22:12:00.000-08:00

VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) is a Cisco Own protocol , Virtual Local Area Networks on the local area network. Transfer VLAN information to the connected switches in a VTP advertisements sent over ISL, 802.1q, IEEE 802.10 and LANE trunks. VTP is Available on most domain of the Cisco Catalyst Family products.

Three Types:

1)Client mode : In this mode dont add and remove Vlan. It has no dabase means dont save.

2)Trnsperent mode :In this mode we add and remove vlan but only localy not in domain. It has save vlan only locally not in domain.

3)server mode :In this mode add and delete vlan in VTP domain. And also save vlan in domain.

2011-12-08T22:05:00.000-08:00

802.11 Lineup

802.11B

-Official as of September 1999

-Frequency 2.4GHZ

-Up to 11 MBPS (1, 2, 5.5, 11 Data rates)

-Most popular standard

-3 clean channels

802.11G

-Official as of June 2003

-Frequency 2.4GHZ

-Backards compatible with 802.11B

-Up to 54 MBPS (12 Data rates)

-3 clean channels

802.11A

-Official as of September 1999

-Frequency 5.8GHZ

-Up to 54 MBPS

-Not compatible with 802.11B/G

-12 to 23 clean channels

802.11N

-Up to 100 MbPS

-MIMO (multiple input multiple output)

Configure a Cisco Delegating Router for Prefix Delegation

2011-11-02T00:20:00.000-07:00

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#ipv6 dhcp pool poolname
Router(config-dhcp)#domain-name domain
Router(config-dhcp)#dns-server ipv6 address of DNS server
Router(config-dhcp)#prefix-delegation ipv6-prefix/prefix-length client-DUID [iaid] [lifetime]
Router(config-dhcp)#prefix-delegation pool poolname [lifetime {valid-lifetime | preferred-lifetime}]
Router(config-dhcp)#exit
Router(config)#interface type number
Router(config-if)#ipv6 dhcp server poolname

Understanding MPLS IP VPNs, Security Attacks and VPN Encryption

2011-10-18T03:32:00.000-07:00

Understanding MPLS IP VPNs, Security Attacks and VPN Encryption

DCE (Data Communication Equipment)

2011-10-10T23:26:00.001-07:00

The Data communication Equipment.RS232c Standard.Each computer or Network Devices Try to connect via
Serial Port.

How to Saving your Cisco Router configuration

2011-09-16T23:33:00.000-07:00

How to Saving your Cisco Router configuration

Once complete configure router, then it need to save because if you forget to save
configuration then ,it works normally as configured but when a router restart then it
can't lode again configuration from start up config.because router ram is volatile ram
means once power off the data will erace.so it must need to save configuration in memory
below command of save router configuration in permanent memory

Example :-cisco 1700#copy running-config start up-config

After performing this command a configuration is now saved to non-volatile RAM
(NVRAM).can also check from command show start up config

Example :- cisco 1700#show startup-config

Checking a connectivity in Network

2011-09-16T23:27:00.000-07:00

Checking a connectivity in Network

when network is running mode their is every possibility to fail your network devices,

so when ever your Network device act as ab normal and in some of Cased ,i found that

Network is down that are not ping or able to Transfer a date but in telnet the interface shown up,but in actual mode that is down.so at that time just power off router and re insert the interface card. which shown active but not actually up .this is problem of interface hang in some cases router interface hang due to temperature.because 24 hour on so it need cool temperature.this same issues creates in other devices like modems and switch.all my working time i faced this kind of issues so.One most useful and simple diagnostic tool is the ping command. Ping is an uses Icmp protocol Internet Control Protocol (ICMP). Ping sends an ICMP (32 bit packet)echo request to a destination IP address. If the destination machine receives the Request, it reply with an ICMP echo response .

For Example :-ping 10.159.105.1 \\ when connection Active

Pinging 10.159.105.1 with 32 bytes of Data:

Reply from 10.159.105.1 bytes =32 time<1 TTL=255
Reply from 10.159.105.1 bytes =32 time<1 TTL=255
Reply from 10.159.105.1 bytes =32 time<1 TTL=255
Reply from 10.159.105.1 bytes =32 time<1 TTL=255

For Exampls :-ping 10.159.105.1 \\ when connection is not Active

Pinging 10.159.105.1 with 32 bytes of Data:

Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out

Troubleshooting your Cisco router

2011-09-16T04:12:00.000-07:00

Troubleshooting your Cisco router

some of issue at Network device,that are common. Many time it's Network Related issues like some power off,or interface cable are un-pluged come these are the common physical issu. but when ever notice any issur regarding router or user that is connected to router that can not reach a any destination,or any destinattion at all. we will need to check how the router is attempting to route traffic . Then follow some command .

Router7206#show interfaces for checking any Connected interface down or Active
Router7206# #showip protocols
Router7206##showip route
Router7206##showiparp

Configuring a Router

2011-09-16T04:08:00.000-07:00

Configuring a Router

At the Router confuguration time take a router when you don't know .wht configuration is in router.it's previously used or not.configuration saved or not or it's blank and new for solution all these question here there are some cisco command for showing the status of the network devices router & Switch .at any point of configuration point try out the following commands:

Router#show interfaces //it will shows all set Configured or non configurated information
Router#showip protocols // Sh ip informatiion
Router#showip route // Show Possible route connected
Router#showiparp // Sh MAC Information from Ip Address.

Router#show interfaces //it will shows all set Configured or non configurated information

Router#showip protocols // Sh ip informatiion

Router#showiparp // Sh MAC Information from Ip Address.

Network Cables Color code

2011-09-14T04:16:00.000-07:00

Straight Cable Cable (Ethernet Cable color code)

(1)orange white
(2)orange
(3)green white
(4)blue
(5)blue white
(6)green
(7)Brown
(8)Brown white

Cross Cable

Green white
green
orange white
blue
blue white
orange
Brown
Brown white

Wireless LAN Standards and Authentication-For Secure wireless Network

2011-09-14T02:36:00.000-07:00

Wireless LAN Standards and Authentication

The WLAN standards & applying methods.Standards that Fallow set of rules &

provide security for wireless networks .it’s one types of algorithms Designed.it

gives uniq identity to it’s users & secure the wireless network.

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)

Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) or 802.11i .

See Vedio tutorial to how to apply WEP.

Assigning a trunk port to Switch & Router in beetween.

2011-09-07T00:41:00.000-07:00

Assigning a trunk port to Switch & Router in beetween.

here we configured 0/2 as trunk port. in inter vlan routing talking, there are
some encapsulation methods. no 1. is 802.1Q or dot1q and 2 is ISL it's Ciso proprietary
only for Cisco devices while 802.1Q or dot1q for supports
the multi-vendor encapsulation method.

here we taken cisco 2950 switch that support dot1q Encapsulation method

Next is to define the native VLAN and if you want to, you can define which
VLANs are allowed to cross that trunk port, See below command

C2950 (config-if)# switchport trunk native vlan 2
C2950 (config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan add 2, 3, 4, 5

Assign Switch ports to Vlan by command

C2950 (config)# interface fa0/2
C2950 (config-if)# switchport mode access
C2950 (config-if)# switchport access vlan 2

we can assign switch port individual
like this,when they are not in sequential order
C2950 (config)# interface range fa0/1 - 5, fa0/1 - 15, fa0/24

their is another way when more than one ports we want to assign the same vlan the ,fallowing comming
the command syntax is "interface first port no-last port no ".

C2950 (config)# interface range fa0/2 - 6
C2950 (config-if-range)# switchport mode access
C2950 (config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 2

Assign switch port 0/6 to 0/12 to vlan 3

C2950 (config)# interface range fa0/6 - 12
C2950 (config-if-range)# switchport mode access
C2950 (config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 3

InterVLAN routing Configuration

2011-09-07T00:39:00.000-07:00

InterVLAN routing Configuration

configuration they will talk or tranfrer data connected to all devices in same switch or in network.

but when in switch we create vlan then divided in to subdomain or subnetworks so without any

By defaultin swithc there are one vlan and it's all ports are in same vlan so without any
layer three device two diffrent vlant can not tranfer information or talk each other also they cant
transfer information in other network.thay only can talk or transfer information which is in
same vlan or same sub twork.
here we r doing inter vlan routing.Configuration of router for interVLAN routing
for when we wannt to talk 2 different vlan in network then intervlan routing is needed.
appropriate VLANs back through the same line.
the packet goes to router first and the router will route the packets to the

For now lets configure the router to do interVLAN routing.

here we have cisco 2600 series router.it's have by default 2 ethernet interface

so we can connect through that port to our cisco switch.in on that port we devided in to

sub interfaces ,each interface for each vlan sapretely.we will give also sapret ip addresses

to each interface,there are no need to give ip address on main interface .

subinter face is one port can be logically devided into many sub interfaces.

Each sub interface will handle one VLAN/subnet.

here we need to assign VLAN first on the sub interface, after that give IP

address .no need to give IP address to main interface ethernet 0/0 but do not forget to give

command no shut , the sub interfaces will automatically apply the same no shutdown.

here's how we configure them:

router> enable

router2600# configure terminal

router 2600(config)# interface ethernet0/0

router 2600(config-if)# no ip address

router 2600(config-if)# no shutdown

router 2600(config-if)# interface ethernet0/0.1

router 2600(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 2

router 2600(config-subif)# ip address 10.100.2.1 255.255.255.0

router 2600(config-subif)# interface ethernet0/1.2

router 2600(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 3

router2600 (config-subif)# ip address 10.100.4.1 255.255.255.0

router 2600(config-subif)# interface ethernet0/1.3

router 2600(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 4

router 2600(config-subif)# ip address 10.100.6.1 255.255.255.0

router 2600(config-subif)# interface ethernet0/1.5

router 2600(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 5

router 2600 (config-subif)# ip address 10.100.8.1 255.255.255.0

router 2600 (config-subif)#exit

router 2600 (config-t#exit

router 2600#wr

Now Assigning a trunk port to Switch & Router in beetween.

2011-09-07T00:31:00.000-07:00

To configure the trunk port to connect to the router and for accessing Data,

The trunk is needed to carry all VLANs or selected VLANs Data trafrering

beetween all switches connected with the same networks.here we configure the

FastEthernet port 0/2 of switch 2950 to routere's fa0/0 as a trunk port & Trunk

link that connects Each other.

C2950> enable
C2950# configure terminal
C2950 (config)# interface fa0/2
C2950 (config-if)# switchport mode trunk

Creating Vlan With Cisco 2950

2011-09-06T04:27:00.000-07:00

In Networking the term Vlan,it's a Broadcast domain we all know wht is the use of vlan.now i here i give below how to configure & vlan and intervlan routing labs.here i taken on cisco 2950.it's managable switch,now, in switch we assume that it's initially configured like,vty terminal ,line consol 0 end .so now here,we create some vlan here. Managment,sells,marketing and it.

C2950> enable
C2950# configure terminal
C2950 (config)# vlan 2
C2950 (config-vlan)# name MANAGEMENT
C2950 (config-vlan)# vlan 3
C2950 (config-vlan)# name sells
C2950 (config-vlan)# vlan 4
C2950 (config-vlan)# name Marketing
C2950 (config-vlan)# vlan 5
C2950 (config-vlan)# name it

Windows Errors

2011-08-29T23:13:00.000-07:00

Error "NTLDR is Missing...... "
Many times we shows an error on pc screen ,when pc start ,
whenever pc shows NTLDR is Missing error than fallow the step to resolve error

NTLDR is Missing
Press any key to restart
Boot the pc from Cd Drive if boot priority setted first boot devices is hard drive then change it ,
To boot from CD rom or what ever drive have.
Then restart the Pc.
it will ask you "press any key to boot from cd" then press any key.
Then after wait till it ask you for press r key for Recovery
Press R for recovery
Select the operation system what you wann repaire , if have installed more than one operating system
Then provide your pc's password if have
Then fallow these command ,
Copy G:\i386\ntldr D:\ "window installed in these drive"
Copy G:\i386\ntdetect.com
Here, G:\ is the cd rom drive "
Then press "y" of update windows configuration
Exit .
Then again set your boot priority to boot from hard disk.
Than root from your hard disk
Now it works normally

SSID

2011-08-29T22:04:00.000-07:00

SSID is a word or name of WI-FI Network.That is uses to identify the network from many wi-fi network,in more wireless network ,The configuration time Network Admin can set name of SSID, once Network Admin set the name of SSID then it will broadcast to all wireless range or in AP wifi area.now when any user or wireless devices can connect with that SSID.wireless access points their are option to disable the SSID that are automatic broadcast ,to prevent network security.

WPA (WiFi Protected Access)

2011-08-29T21:41:00.000-07:00

In wireless networking we can secure our networks using WPA (WiFi Protected Access) /WAP2 algorithms method,.in that method Network admin can set Pre-Shared Key ,Now a what every user must have that Pre-Shared Key.to user wi-fi connectivity ,without Pre-Shared Key user can search the ssid but not able to connect the WI-FI Network.Pre-Shared Key (PSK) authentication should be very strong passphrase.

also Keep Strong SSID(Service Set IDentifier) Password. To prevent unwanted user & traffic,intrusion give strong password to your SSID. keep WiFi operating system been updated.

how to test internet Broadband speed Online

2011-08-29T20:56:00.000-07:00

To Test a speed of Internet
Today in real world people are very close to Internet.In other world a man can't live without a network.in post i want to show you that, when you are a using any Internet service .or want to take any Internet plan then must check .Internet speed ,what they told to you & what is actually getting from your connection.
In Internet broadband can access the website more faster than dial up.

one day i got an idea that because my Internet speed is very low and service provider told me that you have 2-mbps speed also they a charged me usage of Internet with 2-mbps.i checked my Internet speed by this way.........................

how to test Internet Broadband speed online ?

i searched speetest.net http://www.speedtest.net/ the just click on begin button then it will automatically test the upload & download speed of our Existing connection.

http://www.speedtest.net/

just go on site then click on begin test it will automatically test the upload & download speed of our Existing connection.

Dynamics NAT

2011-08-20T05:00:00.000-07:00

Network Topologies

2011-08-20T04:56:00.000-07:00

Network topologies is that .how Design your Network,it hepls when you are Facing a Problem,

& helps how to take Action agains to resolve it.

In Network Some Basic Topology.

1.Bus Topology

2.Star Topology

3.Mesh Topology

4.Ring Topology

Sh run of- "Cisco Dhcp Router Configuration"

2011-08-11T03:35:00.000-07:00

Sh run-Cisco Dhcp Router Configuration

Cisco_Router (config)# configure terminal // Go to Router's Enable mode

Cisco_Router (config)# ip dhcp pool Ajay // Assigning pool Name

Cisco_Router (dhcp-config)# network 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 // Assigning Dhcp Nw Range

Cisco_Router (dhcp-config)# default-router 10.10.10.1 // Assigning Default Router Gateway

Cisco_Router (dhcp-config)# domain-name Ajay //Assigning a Domain

Cisco_Router (config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 10.10.10.1 10.10.10.3 //Excluding IP

Basic DHCP Configuration Step For Router

2011-08-11T03:29:00.000-07:00

In Dhcp Router Configuration ,here we take one Cisco Router& we assume that router is initially configured,
for Dhcp Config first go to router's Enable mode .Then after for Dhcp Service enable in Cisco Router by comman "ip dhcp pool".After Enabled Dhcp Service Assign Dhcp Pool to Router . After that give Network Range what you want to give here we have given "10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0"After Given a Dhcp network range give a default gate way of router.Then after give 'ip dhcp excluded-address ' for ip manually assign

Cisco_Router (config)# configure terminal // Go to Router's Enable mode

Cisco_Router (config)# ip dhcp pool Ajay // Assigning pool Name

Cisco_Router (dhcp-config)# network 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 // Assigning Dhcp Nw Range

Cisco_Router (dhcp-config)# default-router 10.10.10.1 // Assigning Default Router Gateway

Cisco_Router (dhcp-config)# domain-name Ajay //Assigning a Domain

Cisco_Router (config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 10.10.10.1 10.10.10.3 //Excluding IP

Ring Toplology

2011-08-11T00:03:00.002-07:00

Ring Topology:-In the ring topology, computers are connected throught ethernet cable in Circle

In Ring Topology Data transfer around the network by loop in one direction and passing

through each computer & node .