Celtic Wedding Rings Blog

The History of the Ogham Alphabet

Sine Treanor — Mon, 14 May 2012 22:42:54 +0000

Anyone who has an interest in Irish history, will encounter references to the Ogham alphabet. This is an ancient script that resembles tally marks in a straight line, it is believed to date as far back as 1500 to 2500 years ago and is thought to be named after the Irish god Ogma.This is a large time scale, few facts are known about this ancient method of recording information and most of what is known is shrouded in legend and mystery. There are many examples of Ogham carved into standing stones and a few examples have survived etched into wood. Ogham is found extensively on the many standing stones of Ireland but examples can also be seen in England, Scotland, Wales and the Isle of Man.

Ogham Stone in Dingle, County Kerry

One of the difficulties about researching this period of Irish history is that there are no written accounts relating to the people of the period from 500 BC until Christianity arrived in Ireland in the 5th century AD. What is known has been obtained from records written by Greek and Roman historians or from stories told by the native people to missionaries and monks after the coming of Christianity and subsequently written down by them. The only exception to this is the Ogham record.

Ogham is also referred to as the Celtic Tree Alphabet and it looks nothing like today’s letters or writing, but surprisingly the letters of the Ogham alphabet correspond to those of the Roman alphabet and experts can translate them easily. Ogham was mainly used for carving names or inscriptions onto important stones, often grave stones or stone territorial markers. It is also believed to have been frequently used on wooden buildings, but very few examples of these have survived. Later,it was written down and can be seen in manuscripts, often as notes in margins, recorded as late as the 16th century.

The National Museum of Ireland.

There are some very good examples of Ogham stones to be seen in Ireland, some of which are at the National Museum in Kildare St, Dublin, but many survive still in their original location, placed there by people who lived more than 2000 years ago!

About 370 stone Ogham inscriptions have been discovered in Ireland. These are on standing stones that are from three to nine feet tall and mostly located in the southwest province of Munster in Ireland with others in County Kerry.

Where to See Examples of Ogham

St. Flannan's 13th Century Cathedral.

One unusual example in St Flannan’s Cathedral in Killaloe has Nordic Runes as well as Ogham carved on it.

The Ballycrovan Standing Stone with Ogham

Another stone stands near Ballycrovane Bay on the Beara Peninsula, this is easy to find, as it is well sign posted.

Saint Declans Church, Ardmore

The longest known inscription on any stone is on one of two stones at St Declan’s Church in Ardmore Co Waterford.

Collection of Ogham Stones in Dunloe.

To see a group of Ogham stones visit Dunloe, which is 8kms west of Killarney on the R562 near the village of Beaufort.

Kilmalkedar Church in County Mayo

In Kerry, the 12th century church at Kilmalkedar near Slea Head on the Dingle Peninsula has a good example.

The Ancient Rathfranpark Wedge Tomb

A single ancient Bronze age standing stone stands near the Rathfranpark wedge tomb near Kilala in Co Mayo.

The Ogham Alphabet

Ogham Alphabet - Consonants and Vowels

The Ogham alphabet (vertical)

Ogham script reads - Love Forever

The History of the Ogham Alphabet is a post from: Celtic Wedding Rings Blog

A Little Information About Hallmarks

Sine Treanor — Sun, 13 May 2012 20:11:23 +0000

If you read the details about each of the beautiful items of jewelry created by our craftsmen you will see that we usually mention that every piece is hallmarked by the Dublin Assay Office. We then explain that this is your assurance of the high quality of the item. This is quite important because a hallmark is only stamped on jewelry which has been examined by the Assay Office, that hallmark exists to protect the customer.

The Dublin Assay Office was founded in 1637 to assay all items of gold and silver produced in Ireland. The word ‘hallmark‘ dates back to the fifteenth century when craftsmen in London first brought their articles to Goldsmiths’ Hall for assessing and marking. The idea was that the stamp shown on the item would enable people to recognize which company produced the piece. Historic Dublin Castle in the city center is the location for the Irish Assay Office. The castle itself is a major tourist attraction and the magnificent State Apartments are open for guided tours when not in use for official business.

Dublin CAstle Assays Office

In their purest form precious metals are unsuitable for making into jewelry, the metals just don’t work well unless other metals are included to form an alloy. The other metals are included in exact proportions, for instance 10k is 417 parts of pure gold per thousand, 14kt gold is 585 parts pure gold per 1000 and 18kt gold is 750 parts per 1000. The Assay Office tests this and part of the hallmark will show these numbers so that you will be able to recognize the purity of the gold. Among the other metals added to gold are silver, copper and zinc.

In the case of sterling silver the proportions are 925 parts per thousand and for platinum it is 950. Should these proportions not be accurate for any item, it will not meet the standards of the Assay Office and will be returned to the manufacturer.To determine the purity of the precious metal, a tiny sample is scraped from the item in an unobtrusive place and then tested. Once the purity has been established the item will be stamped accordingly.

As well as the purity mark there is the manufacturers mark and also a date letter which denotes the year in which the piece was created or hallmarked. This letter is changed on New Year’s Day each year, so the hallmark can also tell you the age of an item. Hallmarks are a fascinating and complex subject, you can learn much more about them with research, but for our purposes, here at Celtic Wedding Rings, we are confident knowing that each hallmarked item we sell to our customers is of the highest quality, both in content and craftsmanship.

A Little Information About Hallmarks is a post from: Celtic Wedding Rings Blog

The Origins of Irish Whiskey

Sine Treanor — Mon, 30 Apr 2012 19:34:56 +0000

The original Gaelic for whiskey is ‘Uisce Beatha’, which means ‘water of life’ and the production of the spirit began in Ireland around eight hundred years ago. This was earlier than other areas of Europe and the distillation techniques were probably brought there by the missionary monks. One of Irish whiskey’s most famous aficionados was Queen Elizabeth I, she had supplies sent to her court which made it a popular drink in England.

Queen Elizabeth & Peter the Great both enjoyed Irish Whiskey

Czar Peter the Great of Russia who reigned during the eighteenth century loved Irish whiskey so much, is reported to have said;”Of all the wines of the world, Irish spirit is the best“. Samuel Johnson included the word whiskey in his dictionary in 1755, adding the comment “the Irish sort is particularly distinguished for its pleasant and mild flavour“.

By the 19th Century, Irish whiskey was the most popular whiskey in the world, this was helped in no small measure by the cognac crop in France being devastated by phylloxera. Never slow to tax a popular commodity, the government raised the whiskey tax to one shilling and two pence in 1775 and in 1815 it was increased to six shillings, making it a luxury only the rich could afford.

Not surprisingly many people decided to produce their own illegal whiskey and there were an estimated 2000 illicit stills in production by the end of the eighteenth century. A few distillers decided to legalize their operations, the most successful of these were the Dublin distillers John Jameson, John Power and George Roe

A selection of Ireland's finest whiskey!

Powers was a leader in the whiskey industry until the merger with Cork Distillers Company and John Jameson & Son in 1966. this formed the Irish Distillers Group. However, In 1989, they were taken over by the Pernod Ricard empire which includes Bushmills Distillery. This was not welcomed by the last four members of the old distilling families who then resigned.

Bushmills produce very fine whiskeys and they had a seven year license to distill, which dates from April 20th 1608, thus making them the worlds oldest whiskey distillery. Their location is near the town of Bushmills, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland. Irish whiskey distilleries are considered to be among the worlds best, partly due to the traditional Irish method of triple-distilling which creates the pure whiskey taste they are famed for.

Feel free to comment and tell us of what other wonderful whiskeys you have come across and where they originate from. Look forward to hearing some interesting tales.

The Origins of Irish Whiskey is a post from: Celtic Wedding Rings Blog

All About Guinness

Sine Treanor — Fri, 20 Apr 2012 23:25:13 +0000

When Arthur Guinness was born in 1725, nobody could have possibly imagined the impact he would later have on drinkers of ale for the next 250 plus years! His father was Richard Guinness who was land steward to the Archbishop of Cashel and it is believed that he brewed beer for the workers on the Archbishop’s estate. Arthur first began brewing in the town of Liexlip, but he was ambitious, he planned to open a brewery in his own name in Dublin and in 1759 he fulfilled his dream. This was made possible by the generosity of his godfather, the Archbishop, who had bequeathed him £100. He acquired a 9,000 year lease on the former premises of a brewery in Dublin at an annual rent of £45.

Arthur Guinness (1725-1803)

During the 1770′s, Arthur heard that a new drink, popular with the porters at Covent Garden in London was being exported to Dublin, he decided to try making this “porter” as it was called, himself. This was a resounding success, his “porter” being far better than those of other Dublin brewers.

Arthur’s three sons succeeded him in the family business and they quickly expanded into overseas markets. Before the end of the 19th century Arthur Guinness and Sons, was launched on the London Stock Exchange and became the worlds largest brewery. Guinness was soon popular in worldwide countries, including Australia, America, Africa and the Far East.

Not surprisingly, the exact recipe for this world famous stout is a well guarded secret, what is known is that it contains Irish barley, hops, malt, brewers yeast and water, which comes from Lady’s Well in the Wicklow mountains. The rich dark color and the malty taste is the result of some of the barley being first flaked and then roasted. The unique dark body and creamy head of Guinness is because of an unusual mix of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, which creates a swirl effect. It is almost an art form to serve the perfect pint of Guinness. The glass needs to be tilted at a 45 degree angle and the Guinness poured in until the glass is 3/4 full. It then has to settle before being topped up to a full pint. Apparently this takes 119.5 seconds for the perfect pint.

Guinness are no longer allowed to produce such advertisements.

Although Guinness was told to stop using the slogan “Guinness is good for you” many years ago, it seems that it may be true. Experts from the University of Wisconsin have discovered that a pint of Guinness is as effective as a low dose of aspirin in preventing blood clots that increase the risk of heart attacks. They tested the health giving properties of stout compared to lager by giving it to dogs with narrowed arteries. Those given Guinness had less clotting in their blood, but those given lager did not.

The Guinness Storehouse opened in 1998, as a visitor attraction and is now Ireland’s most popular venue with over 750,000 visitors a year.The three millionth visitor was recently welcomed to the site. Although Guinness is sometimes called a “meal in a glass” it is surprisingly low in calories at only 198 ,as this is less than many sodas, juices, and beers, you can enjoy your favorite pint with less concern over your waistline.

All About Guinness is a post from: Celtic Wedding Rings Blog

We Want Your Irish Input

Sine Treanor — Wed, 18 Apr 2012 20:39:27 +0000

We have explored many topics relating to all things Celtic here on our blog, so now we have decided to broaden our horizons as it were. We know that many of you in all parts of the world are proud to have Irish ancestry and would possibly like to learn more about this ancient, wonderful and unique island, its customs, music, cuisine, famous actors, authors etc.

For the next few weeks we will be looking at different subjects, including the story of Guinness, Irish whiskeys and more. If there is any particular topic you would like to read about, please let us know, we will do our best to provide you with the information.

We love to have your feedback, so please feel free to add your comments about any articles, you have read and (hopefully!) enjoyed. Help us to keep alive the stories, the legends and traditions which make Irish people so special. We are not forgetting the Celtic aspects of Ireland, just trying out different ideas, so if there is anything else relating to Celtic life, history, architecture, etc, you would like to read about, again, let us know and we will try our best to inform you.

If there are any traditional Irish recipes, you would like details of, ask us, we will do our best to find them for you, then, if you try cooking them, please tell us what the results were like, appealing or appalling!

Traditional Irish Stew

Although our main interest is of course our beautiful Celtic jewelry, we are dedicated to keeping alive our Celtic and Irish heritage and we would love to see as many people as possible enjoying reading about it and telling us their own anecdotes. We look forward to hearing from you.

We Want Your Irish Input is a post from: Celtic Wedding Rings Blog

A Celtic Easter in Ireland

Sine Treanor — Tue, 27 Mar 2012 19:35:11 +0000

It usually seems to be a gloomy time of year when the Christmas festivities are finally over and the dark days of winter stretch before us. The bad weather arrives with a vengeance and unless you are lucky enough to be able to escape to warmer climes for a couple of weeks, there is little respite from the cold weather and not much to look forward to. At last, however, it’s time to reset the clocks to summertime and even though it may still be cold and wet, the days finally become longer and we have Easter to celebrate. Easter for many people is the beginning of spring, which is surely one of the best seasons, with all the new plants shooting and a sort of renewed hope for better times and a long, hot summer.

Daffodils - Emblem of Spring and Easter

Easter in Ireland is very special and in many areas a sacred time of prayer and fasting. Traditionally on Good Friday, no one works on the land, just in the house. Other customs include cleaning the house thoroughly inside and for the outside, applying whitewash. This is when you are meant to acquire new clothes, to fast on Good Friday and keep quiet from noon until 3p.m. You are meant to shed no blood, do no work with wood and not hammer any nails. You should visit church, but you have to remove your shoes. You are not supposed to fish with nets or lines on Good Friday and traditionally no fishing boat puts out to sea, instead they gather bia tragha-shore food-seaweed and shellfish for the main meal.

It was thought that if you cut your hair on Good Friday it would prevent headaches in the year to come. If a child was born on Good Friday and baptized on Easter Sunday, it was believed that he or she would have the gift of healing. Any eggs laid on Good Friday would be marked with a cross and eaten on Easter Sunday and eggs that hatched on this day were thought to produce healthy chicks. On Easter Saturday hundreds of small candles are lit in churches from the Paschal candle that has been blessed by the priest. On Easter Sunday a quiet traditional meal would be eaten at home, consisting of leek soup and roasted spring lamb. This would sometimes be followed by a cake dance, the cake being the prize for the best dancer.

Of course today, many of these customs are no longer observed, but the study of them gives a fascinating insight into the lives of people years ago. The Easter Sunday dinner nowadays is similar to the Christmas meal. It can be turkey or lamb, along with potatoes and vegetables. Desert will vary, but usually the children enjoy eating their chocolate Easter eggs!

Of course when you are grown up, chocolate Easter eggs don’t necessarily have the same magic, but if you want to give a special gift to someone dear to you, or if you are getting engaged at Easter, what better gift could there be than a beautiful piece of Celtic jewelry placed inside an Easter egg? It doesn’t need to be a chocolate egg, you can buy decorated cardboard eggs in various sizes, which would hold a ring box and delight both the giver and the recipient. A gift to your mother of a Celtic Cross pendent, or a beautiful pair of Celtic earrings would be especially welcome when presented in this way. For father, husband or fiance’ there are also possibilities, such as tiepins, cufflinks and pendants. If you give a gift of Celtic jewelry this Easter, it will be especially memorable.

A Celtic Easter in Ireland is a post from: Celtic Wedding Rings Blog

Saint Patrick & Saint Patrick’s Day

Sine Treanor — Tue, 06 Mar 2012 18:16:45 +0000

It’s fairly certain that virtually everyone who is Irish, or is of Irish descent will have heard of St Patrick and be aware that his special day is celebrated on March 17th. This is the day when he is believed to have died, in the year 461 AD, but many may not be aware of his life story, much of which is shrouded in legend and myth.

Saint Patrick Portrait

However, there are some facts about his life of which we can be sure, because they originate from two letters, written by Patrick himself, which amazingly still survive and provide some details of his life which are universally accepted as true. He may have been born in either Scotland, or Roman England, but from the letters we know that at around sixteen years of age he was living in Wales with his family and was captured by Irish raiders, who took him to Ireland as a slave. He was finally able to escape after six years of mostly imprisonment and returned to his family. He later entered the Church and perhaps surprisingly, returned to Ireland, (this time as an ordained bishop) in the north and west of the country. Legend says that he saw God in a dream and was instructed by Him to escape with a ship.

The more uncertain information about Ireland’s’ patron saint is that he was born in the latter half of the 4th century AD and his real name was most likely Maewyn Succat, but the Roman version was Patricius. His father was a British-Roman army officer named Calpurnicus. The events that followed his escape from slavery are believed to be that after his return to Wales he traveled to France, where he joined a monastery and studied for about twelve years under St. Germain, the bishop of Auxerre. After being ordained as a bishop, he dreamed that the Irish people were calling him to return and teach them about God.

There is an important document called The Confessio, which is Patrick’s spiritual autobiography. It refers to a dream he had after his return to Britain, in which someone named Victoricus delivered to Patrick a letter titled “The Voice of the Irish.”

The Shamrock is strongly linked with Saint Patrick

Of the many legends associated with St Patrick is the story that he used the three-leafed shamrock to explain the idea of the Trinity, which is the concept of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. This is the reason why the shamrock is so strongly associated with him. Another legend tells that Saint Patrick rid Ireland of all venomous snakes by putting the curse of God on them. He then drove them all into the sea where they drowned. In the literal sense, this is very unlikely to be true as it is highly improbable that there were ever any poisonous snakes in Ireland. It is more likely to be symbolic as the serpent represents evil and could mean St Patrick’s mission to remove the pagan influences from Ireland. This mission lasted for about thirty years until his death in the 5th century AD, March 17th, which is now commemorated as St Patrick’s Day.

St. Patrick’s Day was first celebrated in America in 1737 in Boston, Massachusetts. New York City held its first official St. Patrick’s Day parade in 1766 and the saying goes that on this day “everybody is Irish!” Nowadays more than 100 U.S. cities hold Saint Patrick’s Day parades.

Saint Patrick & Saint Patrick’s Day is a post from: Celtic Wedding Rings Blog

A Trip to Costa del Bog!

Sine Treanor — Wed, 15 Feb 2012 21:17:59 +0000

As we have been lucky enough to avoid the recent inclement weather that seems to have befallen the rest of Europe, it seemed a shame to waste the lovely mild weekends we’ve been having. So off we went on our family rambles again. This time to the wilds of the local Bog!!

A Picturesque Irish Bog

Beautiful rich brown earth stretching as far as the eye can see, with only tall fir trees to break the horizon. Had I been alone I could have enjoyed the peace and tranquility of this ancient place. However, on this occasion, two boys and a hound had other ideas! (We brought the dog as it’s one of his favorite places to run.) We wouldn’t be spotting any wildlife today with all that noise. The hares and otters would be hiding for sure! I’ve even spotted deer close to the trees in the past. But today the best we could do was a swan on the lake. (She didn’t stick around for long either!)

This bog is still worked for turf so there are markings in the ground and sods left over from last year lying around. A great number of country people still burn turf to heat their homes. Turf in one form or another is still Ireland’s prime source of fuel for fireplace/cooking/electricity generation, etc. The range is still a big part of the Irish country kitchen.

It is used for cooking and also heats not only the kitchen but radiators all over the house. The fire can be kept alight for decades…. literally! Ashes are added on top at night. This keeps the embers hot. Then in the morning the ashes are removed and fresh turf added and before long a good hot fire is burning again.

Turf used to be cut by hand in Ireland using a peat spade called a sleán

Turf used to be cut by hand in Ireland using a peat spade called a sleán. This part is done by machine for the most part these days. Though in our area there are still a great many cutting it themselves.

Cutting Peat

The wet sods are then spread out using a turf-fork. After a few days the sods are moved to dry ground and built into small stacks, by standing three or four sods up on their ends against each other. This is called footing the turf.

footing the turf

The stacks are left to dry throughout the summer months in the sun and wind. When the sods are dry they are transported to the home and stacked in sheds or built into a large pile and covered. A week turf cutting would provide enough fuel to last the year. It’s a family occasion and everyone helps out.

At this time of year all is quiet up here. You might meet the occasional dog walker or jogger. But the work won’t begin again until late spring. Before we knew it we had put a couple of miles behind us. The air is balmy and you can almost taste the ‘healthiness’ of it. Even with children and hound in tow this place will cleanse your very soul. We’ll all sleep well tonight!

A Trip to Costa del Bog! is a post from: Celtic Wedding Rings Blog

This Year, Enjoy a Celtic Valentines Day!

Sine Treanor — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 23:34:38 +0000

With Christmas well and truly over and The New Year underway, it can be a rather gloomy time of year. We all need a little romance in our lives and fortunately there are next month’s Valentine’s Day celebrations to look forward to. No matter if you are buying a present for a lady or a gent, there is no better choice of gift than Celtic jewelry. Chocolates are full of calories, flowers may be beautiful, but they quickly fade, whereas an exquisite piece of jewelry, recreated from the Celtic designs of hundreds of years ago can last a lifetime. Anyone who has ancestors or relatives who are Irish, Welsh or Scottish would find such a gift particularly appealing.

The history surrounding St Valentine and his special day is very mysterious; he is believed to have been a priest at the time of third century Rome. The legend goes that the Emperor Claudius banned marriage for soldiers at this time, in the belief that single men made better warriors. Valentine realized how unjust this law was and continued to perform marriages for soldiers, defying Claudius, an action with ultimately cost him his life! However, February has long been a month associated with romance among both Romans and Christians throughout the centuries and there are many other legends relating to this famous saint. Whatever the facts, most people enjoy this special day and the traditions surrounding it.

If a proposal of marriage is on the horizon what better time of year could there be to pop the question? If either of you have a Celtic heritage, it will be an unforgettable moment if you combine the authenticity and beauty of a unique Celtic engagement ring with the romance of Valentine’s Day for this special occasion. There is no other culture so famous for their love of poetry, music, symbolism and artistry and there are many options to choose from if you wish to buy Celtic jewelry as a Valentine’s Day gift, whether it is a special engagement ring, a pendant or earrings. There is also plenty of choice for the gents, cuff-links, tiepins, crosses and of course, rings.

Birthstone jewelry is always popular and when the gemstone is carefully set into a Celtic mounting it is an especially thoughtful gift. If price is a consideration, many designs are available in sterling silver, is a precious metal which looks particularly attractive for Celtic jewelry. White gold and yellow gold are also popular choices, for those who can spend a little more.

The May Claddagh Birthstone Ring

If you wish to make a real impact with a gift for your lady, you could choose to purchase a set of matching earrings, pendant and ring in for instance, the Claddagh design.

This has deep symbolism of friendship and togetherness, the heart itself signifies love and the crown in the Claddagh ring stands for loyalty. This makes a perfect choice for a Valentine’s Day gift especially if this setting is chosen to be an engagement ring. Make Valentine’s Day more memorable this year, with a gift of Celtic jewelry!

This Year, Enjoy a Celtic Valentines Day! is a post from: Celtic Wedding Rings Blog

Oscar Wilde – Irish Author

Sine Treanor — Sun, 08 Jan 2012 22:09:03 +0000

Oscar Wilde was an Irish writer and poet born on 16th October 1854 and died in 30th November 1900. He was born to parents who were successful Dublin intellectuals. He did several writings in the 1880s and rose to become one of London’s most popular playwrights during the 1980s. Oscar Wilde is remembered for his epigrams, plays and his imprisonment and early death. While young, he became very fluent in French, read Greats at the University in Dublin and Oxford. His rise was in the philosophy of aestheticism where he was led by two of his tutors known as Walter Pater and John Ruskin. He had extensively explored Roman Catholicism and later in his death bed converted to it.

Oscar Wilde - Irish Author & Poet

Oscar Wilde published a book of poems and he was a lecturer on ‘English Renaissance in Art’ in the United Stated and in Canada. He had tried journalism and was busy setting out his aesthetic ideas to longer prose pieces published in literary intellectual journals. Oscar Wilde’s dressing style was flamboyant as compared to other typical Victorian styles during his time. He was profoundly affected by beauty himself. The public highly caricatured him and was targeted as of moral outrage within Europe and in America. This outrage he did with the writing of ‘Darian Gray’, a novel about the vice hidden beneath art, which was highly criticized in society. Some of his writings were controversial and brought much debate since they advocated pacifism, social reform and libertarianism. However, he made much success from many of his plays which were with wit and style. They inspired many other authors and were translated to numerous languages. These plays have also been adapted to stage and screen very many times.

After his graduation from Oxford, Oscar Wilde met Florence Balcombe his childhood sweetheart in Dublin; however she later got married to Bram Stoker. He wrote to her and later decided to return to England for good which he did in 1878. In 1881 in London, he had been introduced to Constance Lloyd a daughter of Horace who was a wealthy Queen’s Counsel. While she was visiting Dublin in 1884 at the age of eighteen, Oscar Wilde was lecturing at the Gaiety Theatre. He proposed to her and they got married on 29th May 1884 at the Anglican St. James Church which is in Paddington London. The Wildes preferred luxurious tastes even though their annual income was £250. They had two sons Cyril in 1885 and Vyvyan in 1886.

In 1895 the Marquess of Queensberry left his calling card at Wilde’s club which was inscribed ‘For Oscar Wilde, posing somdomite.’ Queensberry was later arrested since sodomy was a crime. Wilde was cross-examined for the moral content of his work and Queensberry was found not guilty while Wilde was arrested on charges of sodomy and gross indecency. He was imprisoned in Pentonville and then Wandsworth in London. In 19th May 1897 he was released but in poor health and requested for a catholic retreat which was denied. Oscar Wilde developed cerebral meningitis by November 25th, 1900 was injected with morphine; he was baptized by a priest into the Catholic Church and died on 30th November 1900.

Oscar Wilde – Irish Author is a post from: Celtic Wedding Rings Blog