chemistry Csir ugc

Scientific studies of various fields – X to Z

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Scientific studies of various fields –

X to Z

xylography-- art of engraving on wood

xylology -- study of wood

zenography-- study of the planet Jupiter

zoiatrics-- veterinary surgery

zooarchaeology-- study of animal remains of archaeological sites

zoochemistry-- chemistry of animals

zoogeography-- study of geographic distribution of animals

zoogeology -- study of fossil animal remains

zoology-- study of animals

zoonomy-- animal physiology

zoonosology-- study of animal diseases

zoopathology-- study of animal diseases

zoophysics-- physics of animal bodies

zoophysiology -- study of physiology of animals

zoophytology-- study of plant-like animals

zoosemiotics-- study of animal communication

zootaxy-- science of classifying animals

zootechnics-- science of breeding animals

zygology -- science of joining and fastening

zymology -- science of fermentation

Scientific studies of various fields – U to V

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Scientific studies of various fields –

U toV

ufology-- study of alien spacecraft

uranography-- descriptive astronomy and mapping

uranology-- study of the heavens; astronomy
urbanology-- study of cities

urenology-- study of rust molds

urology -- study of urine; urinary tract

venereology-- study of venereal disease

vermeology-- study of worms

vexillology-- study of flags

victimology-- study of victims

vinology -- scientific study of vines and winemaking

virology-- study of viruses

vitrics-- glassy materials; glassware; study of glassware

volcanology -- study of volcanoes

vulcanology-- study of volcanoes

branch of chemistry dealing with brewing and distilling

Scientific studies of various fields – T

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Scientific studies of various fields –

topology-- study of places and their natural features

toponymics-- study of place-names

toreutics -- study of artistic work in metal

toxicology -- study of poisons

toxophily -- love of archery; archery; study of archery

traumatology-- study of wounds and their effects

tribology -- study of friction and wear between surfaces

trichology-- study of hair and its disorders

trophology-- study of nutrition

tsiganology-- study of gypsies

turnery-- art of turning in a lathe

typhlology-- study of blindness and the blind

typography-- art of printing or using type

typology-- study of types of things

Scientific studies of various fields – R to S

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Scientific studies of various fields –

R to S

raciology-- study of racial differences

radiology-- study of X-rays and their medical applications

reflexology-- study of reflexes

rhabdology -- knowledge or learning concerning divining rods

rhabdology -- art of calculating using numbering rods

rheology -- science of the deformation or flow of matter

rheumatology-- study of rheumatism

rhinology-- study of the nose

rhochrematics-- science of inventory management and the movement of products

runology -- study of runes

sarcology-- study of fleshy parts of the body

satanology -- study of the devil

scatology-- study of excrement or obscene literature

schematonics-- art of using gesture to express tones

sciagraphy-- art of shading

scripophily -- collection of bond and share certificates

sedimentology -- study of sediment

seismology -- study of earthquakes

selenodesy-- study of the shape and features of the moon

selenology-- study of the moon

semantics -- study of meaning

semantology-- science of meanings of words

Scientific studies of various fields – P to Q

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Scientific studies of various fields –

P to Q -

paedology-- study of children

paedotrophy-- art of rearing children

paidonosology-- study of children's diseases; pediatrics

palaeoanthropology-- study of early humans

palaeobiology -- study of fossil plants and animals

palaeoclimatology-- study of ancient climates

palaeolimnology-- study of ancient Fish

palaeolimnology-- study of ancient lakes

palaeontology-- study of fossils

philately-- study of postage stamps

philematology -- the act or study of kissing

phillumeny-- collecting of matchbox labels

philology -- study of ancient texts; historical linguistics

philosophy-- science of knowledge or wisdom

phoniatrics -- study and correction of speech defects

phonology -- study of speech sounds

psychology-- study of mind

psychopathology-- study of mental illness

psychophysics-- study of link between mental and physical processes

pteridology -- study of ferns

pterylology -- study of distribution of feathers on birds

pyretology -- study of fevers

pyrgology -- study of towers

pyroballogy-- study of artillery

pyrography-- study of woodburning

quinology -- study of quinine

Scientific studies of various fields – M to O

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Scientific studies of various fields –

M to O

mammalogy-- study of mammals

manÃ¨ge-- the art of horsemanship

Mariology-- study of the Virgin Mary

martyrology-- study of martyrs

mastology-- study of mammals

mathematics-- study of magnitude, number, and forms

mazology-- mammalogy; study of mammals

mechanics -- study of action of force on bodies

meconology-- study of or treatise concerning opium

melittology -- study of bees

mereology-- study of part-whole relationships

mesology -- ecology

metallogeny-- study of the origin and distribution of metal deposits

metallography-- study of the structure and constitution of metals

metallurgy-- study of alloying and treating metals

nidology -- study of nests

nomology-- the science of the laws; especially of the mind

noology-- science of the intellect

nosology -- study of diseases

nostology-- study of senility

notaphily-- collecting of bank-notes and cheques

numerology -- study of numbers

numismatics-- study of coins

nymphology-- study of nymphs

obstetrics-- study of midwifery

oceanography-- study of oceans

oceanology -- study of oceans

odology -- science of the hypothetical mystical force of od

odontology-- study of teeth

oenology-- study of wines

oikology -- science of housekeeping

olfactology-- study of the sense of smell

ombrology -- study of rain

oncology -- study of tumours

oneirology -- study of dreams

orthography-- study of spelling

orthopterology-- study of cockroaches

oryctology -- mineralogy or paleontology

osmics-- scientific study of smells

osmology-- study of smells and olfactory processes

osphresiology-- study of the sense of smell

osteology -- study of bones

otology -- study of the ear

otorhinolaryngology-- study of ear, nose and throat

Scientific studies of various fields – K to L

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Scientific studies of various fields –

K to L -

koniology -- study of atmospheric pollutants and dust

ktenology -- science of putting people to death

kymatology -- study of wave motion

labeorphily-- collection and study of beer bottle labels

larithmics-- study of population statistics

laryngology -- study of larynx

lepidopterology -- study of butterflies and moths

leprology-- study of leprosy

lexicology -- study of words and their meanings

lexigraphy-- art of definition of words

lichenology -- study of lichens

limacology-- study of slugs

limnobiology-- study of freshwater ecosystems

limnology -- study of bodies of fresh water

linguistics -- study of language

lithology-- malariology study of malaria

Scientific studies of various fields – H to I

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Scientific studies of various fields –

H to I

hydrography-- study of investigating bodies of water

hydrokinetics-- study of motion of fluids

hydrology-- study of water resources

hydrometeorology-- study of atmospheric moisture

hydropathy -- study of treating diseases with water

hyetology-- science of rainfall

hygiastics -- science of health and hygiene

hygienics-- study of sanitation; health

hygiology-- hygienics; study of cleanliness

hygrology-- study of humidity

hygrometry -- science of humidity

hymnography-- study of writing hymns

hymnology -- study of hymns

hypnology-- study of sleep; study of hypnosis

hypsography-- science of measuring heights

iamatology -- study of remedies

iatrology-- treatise or text on medical topics; study of medicine

iatromathematics-- archaic practice of medicine in conjunction with astrology

ichnography-- art of drawing ground plans; a ground plan

ichnology-- science of fossilized footprints

ichthyology-- study of fish.

iconography-- study of drawing symbols

iconology-- study of icons; symbols

ideogeny-- study of origins of ideas

ideology -- science of ideas; system of ideas used to justify behaviour

idiomology-- study of idiom, jargon or dialect

idiopsychology-- psychology of one's own mind

immunogenetics-- study of genetic characteristics of immunity

immunology-- study of immunity

immunopathology-- study of immunity to disease

insectology -- study of insects

irenology -- the study of peace

Scientific studies of various fields – E to G

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Scientific studies of various fields –

E to G

Egyptology-- study of ancient Egypt

ekistics-- study of human settlement

electrochemistry-- study of relations between electricity and chemicals

electrology -- study of electricity

electrostatics-- study of static electricity

embryology-- study of embryos

emetology -- study of vomiting

emmenology -- the study of menstruation

endemiology-- study of local diseases

endocrinology-- study of glands

enigmatology-- study of enigmas

entomology-- study of insects

entozoology-- study of parasites that live inside larger organisms

enzymology-- study of enzymes

ephebiatrics-- branch of medicine dealing with adolescence

epidemiology-- study of diseases; epidemic
s
fluviology -- study of watercourses

folkloristics-- study of folklore and fables

futurology-- study of future

garbology-- study of garbage

gastroenterology -- study of stomach; intestines

gastronomy-- study of fine dining

gemmology-- study of gems and jewels

genealogy-- study of descent of families

genesiology-- study of reproduction and heredity

genethlialogy-- the art of casting horoscopes

geochemistry-- study of chemistry of the earth's crust

geochronology--- study of measuring geological time

geogeny-- science of the formation of the earth's crust

geogony-- study of formation of the earth

geography-- study of surface of the earth and its inhabitants

geology -- study of earth's crust

geomorphogeny-- study of the origins of land forms

geoponics-- study of agriculture

Scientific studies of various fields – C & D

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Scientific studies of various fields –

C & D

campanology-- the art of bell ringing
carcinology-- study of crabs and other crustaceans
cardiology-- study of the heart
caricology-- study of sedges
carpology -- study of fruit
cartography -- the science of making maps and globes
cartophily-- the hobby of collecting cigarette cards
castrametation -- the art of designing a camp
catacoustics--science of echoes or reflected sounds
catalactics-- science of commercial exchange
catechectics -- the art of teaching by question and answer
cetology -- study of whales and dolphins
chalcography-- the art of engraving on copper or brass
chalcotriptics-- art of taking rubbings from ornamental brasses
chaology -- the study of chaos or chaos theory
characterology -- study of development of character
chemistry-- study of properties of substances

chirocosmetics-- beautifying the hands; art of manicure
diabology-- study of devils
diagraphics-- art of making diagrams or drawings
dialectology -- study of dialects
dioptrics -- study of light refraction
diplomatics -- science of deciphering ancient writings and texts
diplomatology-- study of diplomats
docimology-- the art of assaying
dosiology-- the study of doses
dramaturgy -- art of producing and staging dramatic works

Scientific studies of various fields – A to B

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Scientific studies of various fields –

A toB

acarology-- study of mites

accidence-- grammar book; science of inflections in grammar

aceology-- therapeutics

acology -- study of medical remedies

acoustics -- science of sound

adenology -- study of glands

aedoeology -- science of generative organs

aerobiology -- study of airborne organisms

aerodonetics-- science or study of gliding

aerodynamics -- dynamics of gases; science of movement in a flow of air or gas

bacteriology -- study of bacteria

balneology -- the science of the therapeutic use of baths

barodynamics-- science of the support and mechanics of bridges

barology-- study of gravitation

batology-- the study of brambles

bibliology-- study of books

bibliotics-- study of documents to determine authenticity

bioecology-- study of interaction of life in the environment

biology -- study of life

biometrics-- study of biological measurement

bionomics-- study of organisms interacting in their environments

botany-- study of plants

bromatology -- study of food

brontology -- scientific study of thunder

Physical and Inorganic books link

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Physical Chemistry: Robert G. Mortimer

http://www.4shared.com/get/rXP4ubZr/Robert_G_Mortimer-Physical_Che.html

Physical Chemistry of Surfaces (6^th Ed): Arthur W. Adamson

http://www.4shared.com/file/A6W0E_E1/Physical_Chemistry_of_Surfaces.htm

Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications (2^nd Ed): Bard and Faulkner

http://www.4shared.com/document/9_3lNGjj/Bard_AJ_Faulkner_LR_Electroche.htm

Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis (5^th Ed)

http://www.scribd.com/doc/6065981/Vogels-Textbook-of-Quantitative-Chemical-Analysis-5th-Edition-Longmann

Inorganic Chemistry: Meissler and Tarr

http://www.4shared.com/document/ARiyal4V/Inorganic_Chemistry__Miessler_.htm

Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (3^rd Edition): Cotton and Wilkinson

http://www.4shared.com/document/ifG31Gul/Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry.htm

Give ans

2012-08-26T04:57:00.003-07:00

1. The molecular orbital with highest energy in a nitrogen molecule is

(a) σ^*_2S (b) π_2P (c) σ^*_2P (d) π^*_2P

2. A colourless salt when heated imparts lilac colour to the flame. It turns red litmus blue. The salt is

(a) Na₂CO₃ (b) KNO₃ (c) NaNO₃ (d) K₂CO₃

3. The metal that CANNOT be displaced from its aqueous solution by zinc is

(a) Cu (b) Ag (c) Al (d) Hg

4. The product obtained in the nitration of 4-methyl-N,N-dimethylaniline in a strongly acidic medium is

(a) 4-methyl-2-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline

(b) 4,N-dinethyl-2,5-dinitroaniline

(d) 4-methyl-3-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline

5. Boron nitride is isolelectronic with

(a) LiF (b) CO (c) (CN)^- (d) AlN

6. The equation for real gases is (P + a(n/V)² )(V – nb) = nRT. In the above equation, the terms a(n/V)² and (-nb) respectively represent the corrections for

(a) intermolecular attractive forces and inelastic collision

(b) intermolecular repulsive forces and high temperatures

(d) deviations in the temperature and pressure

7. The substance that has the lowest boiling point is

(a) HCl (b) H₂S (c) PH₃ (d) SiH₄

8. IUPAC name for K₃[(C₂O₄)₃] is

(a) potassium trioxalato aluminate ()

(b) potassium aluminium oxalate

(d) potassium trisoxalato aluminium ()

9. The phenomenon which first suggested that light is emitted in packets (quanta) is

(a) electron diffraction (b) photoelectric effect

10. The total number of electrons present in 8.0 g of methane is

(a) 4.8 x 10²⁴ (b) 3.01 x 10²⁴ (c) 4.8 x 10²⁵ (d) 3.01 x 10²³

Water

2012-08-25T15:02:00.000-07:00

Earth is surrounded with water but only 3% of water is pure and can be consumed. Water is a resource which is very essential for the survival of mankind. Environmental reasons and human attitude towards water is the main reasons for the scarcity of water some countries are facing.

People in many countries are deprived of this basic need of consuming pure water. There are many reasons which attest the short supply of water in these countries. Population in some countries like India and China makes it difficult; to cater the water needs of all families. Also callous attitude of some people towards water are effecting the needy. Since pure water is scarce there is price people have to pay to afford it. So, rich who can afford it consume more than required.

There are many things government and people can do to use this resource wisely. Investment into research to convert available water into pure water should be encouraged. Dumping of waste into water should be avoided and alternative method should be developed to decompose the waste. Government should ban organisation’s leaving harmful chemicals into water, it is not only dangerous to human beings but also cause of disturbance to the marine life.

Individuals should be educated to consume water more sensibly. Water should be equally distributed among families according to number of members. Drinking water should not be allowed to be priced possession of some but a right of every man.

Lastly, conservation of water is a responsibility of every individual in the world and not just the government or few countries.

Questions -- give ans

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11. The largest number of molecules is present in 1 g of

(a) CO₂ (b) H₂O (c) C₂H₅OH (d) N₂O₅

12. The non-nucleophilic base is

(a) CN^– (b) ^– OC (Me)₃ (c) ^–OH (d) MeO^–

13. A soap solution in water removes greasy substances by

(a) adsorption (b) peptization (c) coagulation (d) emulsification

14. A gas will approach ideal behaviour at

(a) low temperature and low pressure

(b) low temperature and high pressure

(d) high temperature and high pressure

15. The compound that has the highest dipole moment is

(a) cis-1,2-dichloroethene

(b) trans-1,2-dichloroethene

(d) -1-chloro-2-bromoethene

16. A firework gives out crimson coloured light, due to the presence of salts of

(a) calcium (b) sodium (c) barium (d) strontium

17. The fuel that is considered least polluting is

(a) petrol (b) coke (c) furnace oil (d) CNG

18. A certain current passed through a CuSO₄ solution for 100 seconds deposits 0.3175 g of Copper. The current passed (in A) is

(a) 4.83 (b) 9.65 (c) 0.965 (d) 0.483

19. The most stable carbocation is

(a) CH₃-S-CH₂

(b) CH₃-CH-CH₂

(d) Cl₃C

20. CCl₄(g) + 2H₂O (g) → CO₂(g) + 4HCl (g)

The standard enthalpies of formation at 298 K for CCl₄(g), 2H₂O (g), CO₂(g) and HCl(g) are -106.7, -241.8, -393.7, and -92.5 kJmol^-1 respectively. The value of ΔH^o₂₉₈ for the above reaction is

(a) -137.7 kJ (b) 173.4 kJ (c) -173.4 kJ (d) 137.7 kJ

questions

2012-08-25T13:53:00.001-07:00

1. The solubility product of Ag₂CrO₄ is 1.9 x 10^-12. The volume of water in mL that can dissolve 4mg of Ag₂CrO₄is about

(a) 150 mL (b) 1000 mL (c) 250 mL (d) 500 mL

2. A mixture of aluminium and zinc weighing 1.67 g was completely dissolved in acid and evolved 1.69 L of hydrogen gas (measured at 273 K and 1 atm pressure). The amount of aluminum in the original mixture is approximately

(KINDLY DO NOT ANSWER THIS AS THE OPTIONS ’T SEEM LOGICAL)

(a) 1.8 g (b) 2.0 g (c) 1.2 g (d) 2.2 g [ (b) is the only LOGICAL answer based on the options given ]

3. The structures of AlCl₃ and PCl₃ can be described as

(a) both planar (b) both pyramidal (c) planar and pyramidal respectively (d) pyramidal and planar respectively

4. The precipitate of AgCl dissolves in

(a) conc. HNO₃ (b) excess HCl (c) dil. H₂SO₄ (d) aq. Ammonia

5. orders for NO and NO⁺ are respectively

(a) 2.5 and 3 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 3.5 and 2.5 (d) 3 and 2

6. The atomic number of copper is 29, Its Effective Atomic Number (EAN) in [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺ is

(a) 40 (b) 29 (c) 35 (d) 36

7. For water, the maximum number of phases that can be in equilibrium is

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

questions( 1 -10)

2012-08-25T03:26:00.001-07:00

questions( 1 -10) --

1. _______________ is the process by which a gas becomes a liquid.
2. _______________ is the process by which a liquid becomes a gas.
3. The normal boiling point of water is __________.
4. The _______________ of a liquid is its resistance to flow.
5. _______________ is the process by which a solid turns directly to a
gas.
6. _______________ have definite shape and definite volume.
7. _______________ is the process by which a solid turns to a liquid.
8. _______________ is the process by which a gas turns directly to a
solid.
9. _______________ is the process by which a liquid becomes a solid.
10. True solids are said to possess ______________ structure.

Answer

1. [condensation]—If you go outside on a cool morning, you may find
condensation on many cool surfaces.
2. [vaporization]—The steam that you see coming from a teapot is the result
of vaporization.
3. [100 oC or 373 K]—You will learn more about the Kelvin scale in Chapter 2.
4. [viscosity]—Liquids with a great deal of viscosity are very resistant to flow.
5. [sublimation]
6. [solids]—Solids don’t take the shape and size of their containers.
7. [fusion]—The term fusion is also used for a nuclear process that we will
discuss in Chapter 6.
8. [deposition]—When water vapor “freezes” onto a cold surface, deposition
is taking place.
9. [solidification]—This is the process that we normally call “freezing.” Many
people associate the term “freezing” with “cold,” but the process of
solidification can happen at relatively high temperatures for some substances.
10. [crystalline]

questions

2012-08-23T01:49:00.000-07:00

Questions -

6. Which of the following substances cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical reactions?

a) water c) carbon dioxide b) gold d) glucose
7. Which of the following substances does not possess uniform composition?

a) pure water b) salt water c) helium gas d) salad
8. Which of the following is made up of only one type of atom?

a) NO b) He c) CO d) MgS
9. Which of the following represents a mixture?

a) NaCl(s) b) NaCl(l) c) NaCl(g) d) NaCl(aq)

10. Which of the following shows a ternary compound?

a) CO b) NaCl c) NH3 d) NaNO2

Answers -

6. [B. gold]—Gold is an element, and elements can’t be broken down into
simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

7. [D. salad]—We toss a salad to try to make its composition more uniform,
but it never becomes truly uniform.

8. [B. He]—NO, CO, and MgS all represent compounds. We can tell because
they all contain more than one capital letter and, therefore, more than one
elemental symbol.

9. [D. NaCl(aq)]—The “(aq)” indicates that the salt has been dissolved in water,
making it a mixture of two or more substances physically combined.

10. [D. NaNO2]—A ternary compound contains three different elements.
Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) contains the elements sodium, nitrogen, and
oxygen, so it fits the definition.

questions

2012-08-23T01:44:00.000-07:00

1. A substance that is made up of only one type of atom is called a(n)_______________.
2. Two or more substances physically combined form a(n)______________.
3. Two or more substances chemically combined are called a(n)_______________.
4. Sand is a good example of a(n) ______________ mixture.
5. _______________ elements, such as oxygen (O2), are found in nature in their elemental form as two-atom molecules.

1. [element]

2. [mixture]—You might have said “solution, “homogeneous mixture,” or
“heterogeneous mixture,” which are also true answers. “Mixture” is the
most general of the possible correct answers.

3. [compound]—Remember: The key is that the elements in a compound are
chemically combined. If the question asked about things that are physically
combined, the answer would have been a “mixture.”

4. [heterogeneous]—Sand is composed of particles of different substances,
mixed together in a non-uniform distribution.

5. [diatomic]—“Diatomic” means “two-atom,” so think of O2 or H2 when you
see it.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY BOOKS

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1. Organic Chemistry (4^th Ed): P.Y. Bruice

http://www.4shared.com/document/08jPuBpZ/_chem_paula_yurkanis_bruice_or.htm

http://hotfile.com/dl/48711254/e50cb7a/Bruice__Organic_Chemistry_Fourth_Edition.rar.html

2. Study Guide with Solutions Manual for Organic Chemistry (4^th Ed): P.Y.Bruice

http://www.4shared.com/document/Z53K-RF-/Sol_Organic_Chemistry_-_4th_Ed.htm

3. A Guidebook to Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry: Peter Sykes

http://www.4shared.com/document/a9ssUgqR/_2__A_GUIDEBOOK_TO_MECHANISM_I.htm

4. Organic Chemistry: Morrison and Boyed

http://www.4shared.com/document/esDgPZ35/Organic_Chemistry_by_Morrison_.htm

Steriochem

2012-08-19T11:22:00.000-07:00

Steriochem link

http://wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm/courses/IC10Kiso.html

http://chemistry.semo.edu/crawford/ch186/lectures/ch20/

Difference between an Enantiomer and Diastereomer

2012-08-19T11:03:00.000-07:00

How do I tell the difference between an Enantiomer and Diastereomer?

The easiest way to tell apart an enantiomer and a diastereomer is to look at whether or not the compounds are mirror images of each other. The best way to learn this is through practice.

ELEMENT(7-12) DISCOVERED BY

2012-08-11T13:41:00.004-07:00

who discovered nitrogen?

Daniel Rutherford

who discovered oxygen?

Carl Wilhelm Scheele

who discovered fluorine?

Henri Moissan

who discovered helium?

Joseph Norman Lockyer, Pierre Jules César Janssen

who discovered sodium?

Humphry Davy

who discovered magnesium?

Joseph Black

ELEMENTS(1-5) DISCOVERED BY

2012-08-10T07:49:00.003-07:00

who discovered Hydrogen?

Henry Cavendish

who discovered Helium?

Joseph Norman Lockyer, Pierre Jules César Janssen

who discovered lithium?

Johan August Arfwedson

who discovered beryllium?

Louis Nicolas Vauquelin

who discovered boron ?

Louis Jacques Thénard, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac

organic chemistry

2012-07-25T05:39:00.001-07:00

good notes on organic chemistry

http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/intro1.htm#contnt