The ninth General Synod of the Church of England opened this morning with a service in Westeminster Abbey attended by the Queen.

The event (in the press room at least) was somewhat overshadowed by a statement from the Bishop of London regarding the Bishop of Willesden:

"Dear Colleague,

"I was appalled by the Bishop of Willesden�s comments about the forthcoming royal marriage. In common with most of the country I share the joy which the news of the engagement has brought.

"I have now had an opportunity to discuss with Bishop Peter how his comments came to be made and I have noted his unreserved apology. Nevertheless, I have asked him to withdraw from public ministry until further notice. I have also been in touch with St James�s Palace to express my own dismay on behalf of the Church.

"Arrangements will need to be made in Bishop Peter�s absence and further details will be given in due course.

"With thanks for your partnership in the Gospel."

There is some confusion about whether this amounts to a 'suspension'. The concensus seems to be that in ecclesiastical terms it isn't, but in secular terms it amounts to the same thing and that will be the term that many press reports will be using.

Update: The Archbishop's Presidential Address: http://www.archbishopofcanterbury.org/3056

Further coverage of the afternoon's debates, including the main item on 'The Big Society' in Friday's Church Times.

THOSE fortunate enough to have tickets began lining up at the top of Great Smith Street before three o�clock, ensuring that they obtained a decent spot in Westminster Abbey for evening prayer, and to witness the first Pope to enter the Collegiate Church of St Peter in Westminster.

With registration by surname and airport-style security checks (including a request for a recent utility bill), they had a long wait. Not that the mixture of smartly dressed laypeople and clergy from across a variety of denominations seemed to mind. They hardly seemed to notice the handful of anti-Catholic proselytisers, distributing tracts across the other side of Victoria Street, and parading banners.

Once seated, they were able to watch the Pope�s journey from Lambeth Palace to Westminster Hall, and his speech to distinguished public figures, relayed via plasma screens in the Abbey. The congregation greeted his speech with enthusiastic applause.

The Popemobile arrived at the front entrance of the Abbey in what seemed like little time, the earlier clouds having made way for early evening sun. The Pope, with the Archbishop of Canterbury at his side, was greeted at the entrance by the Dean of Westminster, the Very Revd Dr John Hall, who paused briefly to point out the 12 Martyrs carved above the Abbey�s entrance.

Dr Hall then welcomed Benedict �most warmly as the first Pope to visit the Church dedicated to St Peter� which, �for 600 years as a Benedictine Abbey, until the English Reformation, enjoyed a close relationship of mutual support with the papacy�.

After retiring to the Jericho Parlour to vest, during which the Abbey�s choir sang, the Pope said a prayer, before being introduced to leaders of the Churches of the British Isles, who included the Moderator of the Church of Scotland, the Rt Revd John Christie, and the President of the Methodist Council, the Revd Alison Tomlin.

The collegiate procession, together with the Pope and Archbishop of Canterbury, moved to places in the Abbey Quire and Sacrarium as the hymn �Christ Is Made the Sure Foundation� was sung.

Once seated, Dr Williams welcomed the Pope �on behalf of all Christian communities of Great Britain . . . in fraternal love to this great shrine, which has been of such significance for both Church and nation�. Pope Benedict thanked Dr Williams for his welcome and said that �this noble edifice evokes England�s long history, so deeply marked by the preaching of the Gospel and the Christian culture to which it gave birth�.

The Archbishop then introduced the Peace, warmly embracing the pontiff. The cardinals and bishops seated to each side followed suit, with hearty handshakes.

A reading from St Paul�s letter to the Philippians, chapter 2, verse 5-11 followed, read by the President of the World Council of Churches, Dame Mary Tanner. The reading spoke of Christ�s emptying of himself, even to death, but subsequent exaltation.

The congregation then stood to sing the Charles Wesley hymn �O thou who camest from above�, after which the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, the Rt Revd John Christie, read from the Gospel of St Mark, chapter 10, verses 35-45, which included Christ�s declaration that �the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life a ransom for many�.

The Archbishop and the Pope then venerated the St Augustine Gospels, after which they each gave short addresses. The Pope said the historic occasion was a reminder �that what we share in Christ is greater than what continues to divide us� and that there is a continual challenge �to present the risen Lord as the deepest response the questions of our time�.

The pontiff�s gentle delivery was not entirely in keeping with his robust language: �It is the word of God precisely because it is the true word. It leads us into obedience that must be free of intellectual compromise and accommodation to the spirit of this age.�

Dr Williams, in his address, spoke of the way �in our society we can see the dehumanising effects of losing St Benedict�s vision�, such as people devoting themselves to work at the expense of relationship, and the worthlessness felt by many who had been made unemployed.

Prayers were led by six different Anglican and Catholic representatives, both clerical and lay, including the Canon of Westminster, the Revd Dr Jane Hedges, and the secretary to the Church of England Youth Council, Leah Wagstaff.

After a collect sung by the Minor Canon of Westminster, the Revd Michael Macey, and the saying of the Lord�s Prayer, a seminal moment was marked when the Pope and Archbishop moved to the Shrine of Edward the Confessor to offer prayers. The Archbishop prayed for blessing on �all who witness to the gospel�s call in the public life of our countries�; the Pope prayed that God would �heal the divisions among Christians�.

The congregation then stood to sing �All my hope on God is founded�, followed by the blessing, spoken simultaneously by the Pope and Archbishop. As the Pope, helped by one of his aides, navigated the steps down out of the Sacrarium, the congregation broke into spontaneous applause.

by Paul Handley in Westminster Hall

RELIGION has a key place in the foundations of a state, the Pope said on Friday afternoon.

In what was the key speech of his visit, delivered in Westminster Hall � what John Bercow, the Commons Speaker, told Pope Benedict was the �heart of our democratic tradition� � the Pope acknowledged the privilege being afforded to him in his invitation to speak to parliamentarians, diplomats, and members of civil society. He praised Britain�s �profound influence on the development of participative government among the nations�.

But from praise he moved on to a challenge: democracy alone was not a sufficient grounding for action: �If the moral principles underpinning the democratic process are themselves determined by nothing more solid than social consensus, then the fragility of the process becomes all too evident � herein lies the real challenge for democracy.�

He will have won supporters for the example he chose of �the inadequacy of pragmatic, short-term solutions to complex social and ethical problems�: the global financial crisis.

He asked where the ethical foundations of a state were to be found, and placed the in the interplay between reason and religion. In the Catholic tradition, he said, religion did not so much supply the norms governing right action � they could be known to non-believers. Still less did it propose concrete political solutions.

Instead, religion provided a corrective, �to help purify and shed light upon the application of reason to the discovery of objective moral principles�.

In order to do this, religion itself had to be subjected to reason. �This �corrective� role of religion vis-�-vis reason is not always welcomed, though, partly because distorted forms of religion, such as sectarianism and fundamentalism, can be seen to create serious social problems themselves. And in their turn, these distortions of religion arise when insufficient attention is given to the purifying and structuring role of reason within religion. It is a two-way process.

�Without the corrective supplied by religion, though, reason, too, can fall prey to distortions, as when it is manipulated by ideology, or applied in a partial way that fails to take full account of the dignity of the human person.�

Religion, then, was �not a problem for legislators to solve, but a vital contributor to the national conversation�. Here, the Pope spoke again about the marginalisation of religion as he saw it in British society, supplying the tabloid newspapers with their headline by defending Christmas: �There are those who argue that the public celebration of festivals such as Christmas should be discouraged, in the questionable belief that it might somehow offend those of other religions or none.�

The Pope�s speech was well received. Sustained applause followed him as he rose from the dais, pausing briefly to greet Nick Clegg, standing in for David Cameron, and past prime ministers and their wives, then walked slowly the length of Westminster Hall to depart for evening prayer at Westminster Abbey.

The text of the speech is here: Pope Benedict's address at Westminster Hall