It was Dad’s funeral yesterday. A full house of family and friends said their goodbyes at Woking Crematorium. My brother Dave read a poem, Dad’s friend Terry gave a tribute, and I delivered a eulogy, somehow keeping it together. I wanted to recognise Dad here, so this is the speech I gave, remembering him as a wonderful father to the two of us.

Thank you all for coming. It’s wonderful to see people from all different parts and times of Dad’s life. It’s clear he was a good friend to many.

He was certainly a good friend to Dave and me, and was always there for us. He was a great Dad and with Mum gave us a loving childhood which we wouldn’t change in the slightest.

Dad had an innate sense of fairness. He was scrupulously fair in everything he did for Dave and me. That outlook extended beyond the family to his view on society at large, as became evident on the rare occasions we talked politics.

As we got older our father-son relationship blossomed into genuine friendship. Dad was a great listener and really good company, with a wry and gentle sense of humour.

He was also a very proud Grandad to our children Gracie and Laurie. In fact the lovely photo on your order of service is of Dad holding Gracie soon after she was born.

Dad loved sport, in particular Formula One, golf, cricket and Chelsea football club. Dad was golfing into his 80s before the cancer really got to him. I know some of his golfing buddies are here, and others are currently on a fairway in Ireland. They send their respects, and they know that Dad would much prefer they carried on playing, rather than interrupting a round for his funeral.

Dave and I have fond memories of Sundays in the summer spent at village cricket grounds around the Surrey Hills, with Dad playing for Old Dorkinian Cricket Club. And some of his school friends and members of the cricket club are here today. We particularly remember the raucous end-of-season matches at Holmbury St. Mary. Given a special occasion, Dad thoroughly enjoyed a beer or two amongst friends.

Dad introduced us to live football, first by going to lower division matches at Woking, Aldershot and Carlisle when we were visiting Gran. Then for my 13th birthday we braved 1980s Stamford Bridge and Ken Bates’s electric fence for our first Chelsea game. It was the last game of the season and Chelsea lost 2-1 to Norwich, with Asa Hartford scoring in the 90th minute.

But almost exactly 20 years later we were back at the Bridge to watch Chelsea’s magnificent 4-2 victory over Ronaldinho’s Barcelona in the Champion’s League. That will remain one of the best evenings of my life and I’m so pleased to have shared it with Dad.

We have great memories of family holidays, including an abandoned one in Wales because it wouldn’t stop raining. But most particularly France, including one occasion which had us all kayaking down the River Tarn in water that was significantly rougher than advertised. Dave and I of course loved it, so that brought a big smile to Dad’s face despite the picnic getting soaking wet.

Mum and Dad loved France so much they bought a static caravan in Frejus, on the south coast, and made yet more good friends there.

An abiding memory of these holidays was: don’t disturb Dad while he’s packing the car. As he somehow packed 2 weeks worth of self-catering into the back of yet another Renault.

If Test Match Special wasn’t on, there would be music in the car, particularly on the long journeys up to Carlisle or through France. We remember Dire Straits, Supertramp and Fleetwood Mac from back in the day. Which partly explains the music choices today.

One of the last conversations I had with Dad was on the move to the care home in Brighton. He regaled me with the time he was working for Barclays back in the late 60s and three lads came in to say they needed a bank account for their new band. These chaps were called Tony Banks, Mike Rutherford and Peter Gabriel. Dad set up the first bank account for none other than Genesis! And it turns out he also had a similar experience with Michael Barratt – better known to us as Shakin’ Stevens!

The time between leaving the bank and joining Southview surgery coincided with Dave and me finishing at university. Which meant all three of us were at living at home on the dole, with just Mum as the bread winner. Even at the time we thought this was quite funny.

As Mum’s MS took hold, the situation reversed. Eventually Dad became Mum’s primary carer. As recently as March this year, Dad was still cooking dinners for the two of them.

If you’ve worked with Dad in any capacity you will know him to have been incredibly organised, particularly when it comes to filing paperwork and ordering anything to do with numbers. He loved a spreadsheet! It’s only now that Dave and I have become truly thankful for that, having come across helpful folders of official letters, lists of bank accounts, serial numbers and a host of other things you have to deal with in these situations.

Dad faced his illness with typical pragmatism and stoicism. He wouldn’t think so, but he was incredibly brave. Ultimately Dad passed away too soon, but peacefully, with Dave and me at his side and Mum nearby.

I look forward to raising a glass to Dad’s memory with some of you in the pub later. I know he would love that.

For the record, the music we played was:

• Welcome: Wild Theme (from Local Hero) by Mark Knopfler
• Reflection: The Chain by Fleetwood Mac
• Departure: Liquidator by Harry J Allstars

This is a question I’ll be answering next month at Web Day Out conference. I’ll be clinging on to the coat-tails of a host of brilliant people who’ll be answering the wider question “what you can do in web browsers today?” I can’t wait!

There have been so many advances in HTML, CSS and browser support over the past few years. These are enabling phenomenal creativity and refinement in web typography, and I’ve got a mere 28 minutes to tell you all about it.

I’ll run along the cowpaths that have been paved (waves at size-adjust), pausing at the brilliantly simple but impactful (hello text-wrap) and spend time with the new and shiny things that bring expressiveness, fine detail, responsiveness, consistency and efficiency to your work: variable fonts in all their glory, typographic units like lh and cap, drop-caps, hanging punctuation, text-box-trim, container-aware fonts, fluid type and surprising things with lists.

It’s gonna be a wild ride! Join me at Web Day Out in Brighton on 12 March 2026. Use JOIN_RICH to get 10% off and you’ll also get a free online ticket for State of the Browser.

In the early 1940s, Directors General of the BBC, Cecil Graves and William Haley had this to say about the revolutionary technology of radio and television broadcasting:

This country has in its hands an instrument of incalculable power for good. An instrument that can be given to spreading among the nation the true knowledge of each other. Helpful rather than hurtful to the interests of mankind.

These newly acquired skills of mankind will move at a breathtaking pace. Broadcasting, which we begin to see now as a worldwide international service, is a step into the future even more dramatic than the devеlopment of flying.

Broadcasting without its responsibilities is nothing. It’s not a way of thought, it’s not a way of culturе, it’s not a way of life. It’s there to serve thought, so that people think for themselves.

It’s there to serve culture in such a way that people will turn more and more to active participation in the arts. Go to the theatre, attend concerts, read books, use their hands. And help to build a community in which broadcasting is only a very small part of a full and satisfying life.

It has helped something living in us to keep alive. And it has reminded us in its graver moments that life won’t last. And that for this very reason, there are things more important than success or power.

Now read that again, this time replacing ‘broadcasting’ with ‘AI’ and imagine how different things could be if the tech giants and their acolytes took that approach rather than the complete opposite.

The band Public Service Broadcasting put those speeches to music in a wonderful concert at the Royal Albert Hall. It’s beautiful and well worth a few minutes of your day:

It’s the time of year again when browser makers ask which shiny new features they should implement in preference to addressing outstanding bugs and omissions. Apologies for the cynicism, but having attempted to participate in the process over the past few years, that’s the way it seems to me.

None-the-less, I’m trying again with these submissions. Many I’ve tried to get into Interop before, but all have fallen on deaf ears. They all refer to existing, stable CSS properties that have been documented as part of the spec for many years (in one case for 28 years!).

My asks are mostly typographic, as you might expect, but in some cases really important in that there are harmful implementations that need to be addressed. I’ve listed them in order of priority, based on severity, impact and age.

If you’d like to see browser makers agree to fix and implement any of these please click through to the Interop submission and voice your support (give it a thumbs up at least).

Update: None of these proposals made it into Interop 2026, and none of the bugs have been fixed yet. I won't be bothering with Interop 2027.

Required to stop the web sucking

font-variant-position

This is the most problematic as the lack of full support can make some text either misunderstood or incomprehensible. I’ve written about the issues before. The property tells browsers to choose proper OpenType subscript and/or superscript glyphs if they are available in the font. This works across the board, however only Firefox supports the most important part of the specification which says:

Because of the semantic nature of subscripts and superscripts, when the value [of font-variant-position] is either sub or super for a given contiguous run of text, if a variant glyph is not available for all the characters in the run, simulated glyphs should be synthesised for all characters using reduced forms of the glyphs that would be used without this feature applied.

What happens without supporting this part of the spec, is this is that the subscript and superscript glyphs are displayed as regular full size characters, thus you lose all the visual semantics provided by superscripts and subscripts.

For me, this is exactly the kind of thing that should be in Interop, as the current partial implementations make use of the property problematic to say the least.

Up-vote the Interop request for font-variant-position.

break-after: avoid

This one breaks my heart. It affects multicolumn layout and all EPUB ebooks (which use HTML & CSS, and include all ebooks not on a Kindle), as well as printed media.

As it stands browsers will happily render a heading at the bottom of a column or page, with the following paragraph starting on the next column or out of sight on the next page. This is a typographic no-no, and has been for  six centuries. Far better for the reader to have the heading attached to its paragraph on the next page, even if that means leaving some redundant whitespace in its place.

Since 1997(!) and the early drafts of CSS2, there has been an easy way to tell browsers not insert a page break directly after a heading:

h2 {
    page-break-after: avoid;
}

Nowadays the modern way to do that is defined in the CSS Fragmentation Module Level 3 even more simply as:

h2 {
    break-after: avoid;
}

This 28 year old bug (and counting) affects all of the millions of ebooks which have subheadings, and is only fixed in Chromium.

Up-vote the Interop request for break-after:avoid

Overdue implementation

Advanced hyphenation

There is more to setting hyphenation than just turning on the hyphens. The CSS Text Module Level 4 has introduced the same kind of hyphenation controls provided in the likes of InDesign and even Word. These controls provide different ways to define how much hyphenation occurs through your text.

While not a deal-breaker it would be great to see these in browsers, especially as the current implementations vary from non-existent to patchy or using deprecated properties.

Up-vote the Interop request for advanced hyphenation

Nice to have

Hanging punctuation

This particularly refers to the quote marks used with blockquotes and pull-quotes. When quotation marks appear at the beginning of a line they nudge the start of the text inwards, causing an unsightly gap and unevenness within the paragraph, which can make reading a slightly jerky experience. If you open a blockquote with a quotation mark, the first letter should be aligned with the first letter of all the other lines. To do so, you hang the opening quote mark by moving it into the margin or indent. For example:

One more attribute the modern typographer must have: the capacity for taking great pains with seemingly unimportant detail. To them, one typographical point must be as important as one inch, and they must harden their heart against the accusation of being too fussy.

But more than that, if the text is centred, the browsers should effectively ignore the presence of the opening and closing punctuation, and lay out the text as if the quote marks weren't present, and add them in afterwards. Similarly fully justified text (including the final line) should have the final quote hanging in the margin too.

The hanging-punctuation property makes that trivial to do so without resorting to negative margins, text indents and magic numbers. There is partial support in Safari, but only for opening quotes not closing ones.

Up-vote the Interop request for hanging punctuation

wrap-inside

This property addresses the situation where you have sequences of text whose lines you may want to break only at particular points, and preferably not at all. To achieve this currently, you may resort to inserting non-breaking spaces to keep text together, but this is a very manual and fragile approach. You could be introducing problems brought on by automated translation, or end up with text disappearing off the side of a screen.

By using wrap-inside:avoid you can try to prevent text in a phrase from wrapping. You can use this property on any inline element, that is to say a tag such as <em> or <span> that is used to mark up a phrase rather than a block of text like a paragraph.

Another typographic nicety, but one that removes manual intervention and fragility. Again, it would be handy to know it works across browsers (there’s no support currently).

Up-vote the Interop request for wrap-inside

Earlier this year, through its Leading Design program, Clearleft brought 40 design leaders together in New York to shape a shared vision for the future of design leadership in a world of artificial intelligence.

Collectively we wanted to share an asset at the end of the day which would reflect the discussions, meditations and conclusions about the impact of this disruptive technology. I was privileged to be there on the day, and I’m delighted to share the outcome with you now.

Whether we like it or nor, generative AI has arrived to the masses. It has brought with it a huge amount of hype and understandable discontent. It also brings a set of capabilities to every desktop which would have seemed like science fiction just a few years ago. But as the saying goes, with great power comes great responsibility.

As design leaders we need to tread a fine line between what is acceptable and useful, and what is problematic and harmful. This is precisely what the discussions on the day addressed, and why they came together as a set of critical questions for design leaders working with artificial intelligence.

I had the pleasure of editing the document into series of prompts, conceived by design leaders for design leaders. It does not attempt to provide any answers, but it does offer up critical questions to ask of yourself, your colleagues and your organisation.

To give you a flavour, here are some key questions we captured:

• Product design: Is AI necessary to solve this problem? Consider the problem you are trying to solve or the human need you are attempting to address. Ask your colleagues whether AI is the right tool for the job, or whether there might be cheaper, better, more performant non-AI alternatives. Consider whether you are using AI to improve the product, or inserting an AI feature in search of a problem to solve. AI should be an enabler not an irritant.
• Design practice: How do you preserve the human touch in the process? AI can generate output quickly and tirelessly, but humans bring heart, soul, empathy, imagination and their lived experience. Think about where human craft should fit into your design processes, and whether you should deliberately add friction into the process around AI.
• Design leadership: Who are you leaving behind? GenAI could potentially ease the entry of junior designers into the profession, but at what cost? Curiosity, collaboration and critical thinking are key tools of the experienced designer – they help us simplify and humanise solutions to tricky problems. Consider how you’ll ensure newer members of your team will gain these attributes on the job.
• Organisational impact: Are we prepared to stake our reputation on our use of AI? The current crop of LLMs does not come without their controversies and questionable ethics. Their significant energy consumption may not sit well with your organisation’s environmental commitments. Almost all models were trained on copyrighted material without permission of the intellectual property owners, including journalists, artists, authors and scientists. The models themselves contain inherent biases due to the nature of their training data – the good and the bad of the world wide web. What’s more, these biases can be tweaked in the direction of the political leanings of AI company owners, which may also run counter to your organisation’s values.

Read all the critical questions for design leaders working with artificial intelligence.

I owe a huge thank you to all the design leaders who attended our Leading Design event in New York and contributed to this guide. They brought untold experience, wisdom and care to the conversation. I thoroughly enjoyed hosting a table and editing the document we came up with afterwards.