<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5235407474839536203</id><updated>2026-06-29T00:54:59.006-07:00</updated><category term="cloud computing projects"/><category term="be computer projects"/><category term="cloud computing"/><category term="computer engineering projects"/><category term="Encrypted data in Cloud"/><category term="Achieving Secure"/><category term="IEEE projects"/><category term="Scalable"/><category term="and Fine-grained Data Access Control in Cloud Computing"/><category term="data security in cloud"/><category term="data storage security"/><category term="ieee projects on cloud computing"/><category term="me computer project"/><category term="Access Control"/><category term="Automatic Protocol Blocker for Privacy Preserving Public Auditing in Cloud Computing"/><category term="Client Side Load Balance Using Cloud"/><category term="Ensuring Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing"/><category term="Fuzzy Keyword Search over Encrypted Data in Cloud Computing"/><category term="KP-ABE"/><category term="Key Policy Attribute-Based Encryption"/><category term="Lazy re-encryption"/><category term="Privacy Preserving Public Auditing for Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing"/><category term="Privacy Preserving Remote Data Integrity Checking Protocol With Data Dynamics and Public Verifiability"/><category term="audit in cloud computing"/><category term="chennai projects"/><category term="cloud computing project topics"/><category term="fuzzy keyword Search"/><category term="gen proof"/><category term="ieee projects cloud computing"/><category term="keygen"/><category term="siggen"/><category term="verifyproof"/><title type='text'>Cloud Computing Projects for Computer Engineering/ Science Students</title><subtitle type='html'>Get the synopsis/ Abstracts of IEEE cloud computing projects/ papers. You can submit these synopsis for your computer engineering project submission. Ocular Systems provides projects on Cloud Computing, Data Mining, Networking, Network Security, VANETS, Image Processing, etc.&#xa;&#xa;You may also get the abstracts for BE ME BCA BCS MCS MCA Projects at&#xa;&#xa;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04859847222826497084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>11</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5235407474839536203.post-1262681588025724977</id><published>2013-06-05T13:02:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2013-06-05T13:02:58.213-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="audit in cloud computing"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Automatic Protocol Blocker for Privacy Preserving Public Auditing in Cloud Computing"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="gen proof"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="keygen"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="siggen"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="verifyproof"/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MyriadPro-Bold&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadPro-Bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;Automatic
Protocol Blocker for Privacy-Preserving Public&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MyriadPro-Bold&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadPro-Bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;Auditing
in Cloud Computing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Abstract:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Cloud Computing is the long dreamed
vision of computing as a utility, where users can &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;remotely store their data into the cloud so as
to enjoy the on-demand high quality applications and services from a shared
pool of configurable computing resources. By data outsourcing, users can be
relieved from the burden of local data storage and maintenance. However, the
fact that users no longer have physical possession of the possibly large size
of outsourced data makes the data integrity protection in Cloud Computing a very
challenging and potentially formidable task, especially for users with
constrained computing resources and capabilities. Thus, enabling public
auditability for cloud data storage security is of critical importance so that
users can resort to an external audit party to check the integrity of
outsourced data when needed. To securely introduce an effective Third Party
Auditor (TPA), the following two fundamental requirements have to be met: 1)
TPA should be able to efficiently audit the cloud data storage without demanding
the local copy of data, and introduce no additional on-line burden to the cloud
user; 2) The Third Party Auditing process should bring in no new
vulnerabilities towards user data privacy. In this paper we are extending the
previous system by using automatic blocker for privacy preserving public
auditing for data storage security in cloud computing. we utilize the public key
based homomorphic authenticator and uniquely integrate it with random mask
technique and automatic blocker. to achieve a privacy-preserving public
auditing system for cloud data storage security while keeping all above
requirements in mind. Extensive security and performance analysis shows the
proposed schemes are provably secure and highly efficient.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Architecture:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Algorithms:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0in;&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;KeyGen Algorithm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;KeyGen is a key generation algorithm that is
run by the user to setup the scheme.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0in;&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;SigGen Algorithm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;SigGen is used by
the user to generate verification metadata, which may consist of MAC,
signatures, or other related information that will be used for auditing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0in;&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;GenProof Algorithm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;&quot;&gt;GenProof is run by the cloud server to generate a proof of
data storage correctness.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0in;&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;VerifyProof Algorithm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;VerifyProof is run
by the TPA to audit the proof from the cloud server&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0in;&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;Protocol Verifier Algorithm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;Protocol verifier is
used by the cloud server.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Existing
System:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Palatino&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;First of all, although the infrastructures under the cloud
are much more powerful and reliable than personal computing devices, they are
still facing the broad range of both internal and external threats for data
integrity. Examples of outages and security breaches of noteworthy cloud
services appear from time to time. Secondly, for the benefits of their own,
there do exist various motivations for cloud service providers to behave unfaithfully
towards the cloud users regarding the status of their outsourced data. Examples
include cloud service providers, for monetary reasons, reclaiming storage by
discarding data that has not been or is rarely accessed or even hiding data
loss incidents so as to maintain a reputation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: 14.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;DisAdvantages:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 23.6pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Data
Loss.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 23.6pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;It
does not offer any guarantee on data integrity and availability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 23.6pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Do
not support the privacy protection of users’ data against external auditors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 23.6pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;No
Security.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 23.6pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;No
Correctness and Verification proof.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Proposed
System: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Our public auditing system and discuss two straightforward schemes
and their demerits. Then we present our main result for privacy-preserving
public auditing to achieve the aforementioned design goals. We also show how to
extent our main scheme to support batch auditing for TPA upon delegations from
multi-users. Finally we adopt the automatic blocker at the cloud server, whenever
a unauthorized user access the users data from cloud storage, the system runs
an tiny application to monitor the user inputs, it matches to give access
otherwise does not give user access by blocking the protocols.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Advantages:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Relief of the burden for storage
management.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Block unauthorized user access.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;protecting data privacy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;storage security of their data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Modules:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;The
system is proposed to have the following modules along with functional
requirements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.Threat
Model&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;We
consider a cloud data storage service involving three different entities, as
illustrated in fig. 1: the cloud user (U), who has large amount of data files
to be stored &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;&quot;&gt;in the
cloud; the Cloud Server (CS), which is managed by Cloud Service Provider (CSP)
to provide data storage service and has significant storage space and
computation resources (we will not differentiate CS and CSP hereafter.); the
Third Party Auditor (TPA), who has expertise and capabilities that cloud users
do not have and is trusted to assess the cloud storage service security on behalf
of the user upon request.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.
Public Auditability&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;To
allow TPA to verify the correctness of the cloud data on demand without
retrieving a copy of the whole data or introducing additional on-line burden to
the cloud users.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.
Storage Correctness&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;To
ensure that there exists no cheating cloud server that can pass the audit from
TPA without indeed storing users’ data intact.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;4.
Privacy-Preserving&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;To
ensure that there exists no way for TPA to derive users’ data content from the
information collected during the auditing process;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;5.
Batch Auditing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;To
enable TPA with secure and efficient auditing capability to cope with multiple
auditing delegations from possibly large number of different users
simul-taneously.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;6.
Setup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;The
user initializes the public and secret parameters of the system by executing
KeyGen, and pre-processes the data file F by using SigGen to generate the
verification metadata. The user then stores the data file F at the cloud
server, delete its local copy, and publish the verification metadata to TPA for
later audit. As part of pre-processing, the user may alter the data file F by
expanding it or including additional metadata to be stored at server.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;7.
Audit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;The
TPA issues an audit message or challenge to the cloud server to make sure that
the cloud server has retained the data file F properly at the time of the
audit. The cloud server will derive a response message from a function of the
stored data file F by executing GenProof. Using the verification metadata, the TPA
verifies the response via VerifyProof.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;8.
PBlocker&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Once
the user initializes the parameters the system checks the all the specified
parameters and validates the protocol for proper users, it blocks the
unauthorized users -if the user newly access the cloud servers, the system
prompts for security parameters, previously assigned by the system during the
user creation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Software
Requirements:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Technologies&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:
Asp .Net and C#.Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Database&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:
MS-SQL Server 2005/2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;IDE&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:
Visual Studio 2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Hardware
Requirements:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Processor&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:
Pentium IV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;RAM&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:
1GB&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/feeds/1262681588025724977/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2013/06/v-behaviorurldefaultvmlo.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/1262681588025724977'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/1262681588025724977'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2013/06/v-behaviorurldefaultvmlo.html' title=''/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04859847222826497084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5235407474839536203.post-2458396237796267595</id><published>2013-06-05T12:59:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2013-06-05T12:59:20.582-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Access Control"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Achieving Secure"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="and Fine-grained Data Access Control in Cloud Computing"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Key Policy Attribute-Based Encryption"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="KP-ABE"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Lazy re-encryption"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Scalable"/><title type='text'>Achieving Secure, Scalable, and Fine-grained Data Access Control in Cloud Computing</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Achieving Secure, Scalable, and
Fine-grained&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Data Access Control
in Cloud Computing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times-Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Order this project from:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ocularsystems.in/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;www.ocularsystems.in&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times-Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;or&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times-Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;mail us:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;mailto:shital@ocularsystems.in&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;shital@ocularsystems.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times-Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Abstract:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times-Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Bold; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Cloud computing is an emerging computing paradigm in which resources of
the computing infrastructure are provided as services over the Internet. This paper
proposed some services for data security and access control when users
outsource sensitive data for sharing on cloud servers. This paper addresses
this challenging open issue by, on one hand, defining and enforcing access
policies based on data attributes, and, on the other hand, allowing the data
owner to delegate most of the computation tasks involved in fine grained data
access control to untrusted cloud servers without disclosing the underlying
data contents.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Bold;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Our
proposed scheme enables the data owner to delegate tasks of data file
re-encryption and user secret key update to cloud servers without disclosing
data contents or user access privilege information. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Bold; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;We achieve this goal by exploiting and uniquely combining techniques of
attribute-based encryption (ABE), proxy re-encryption, and lazy re-encryption. Our
proposed scheme also has salient properties of user access privilege
confidentiality and user secret key accountability and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;achieves fine - graininess,
scalability and data confidentiality for data access control in cloud computing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Bold; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;. Extensive analysis shows that our proposed scheme is highly efficient
and provably secures under existing security models.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Advantages &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Low initial capital investment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Shorter start-up time for new services&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Lower maintenance and operation costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Higher utilization through virtualization&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Easier disaster recovery&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Bold; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;Existing System:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Our existing solution applies &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Bold; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;cryptographic
methods by disclosing data decryption keys only to authorized users.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Bold;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Bold; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;These solutions inevitably introduce a heavy computation overhead on the
data owner for key distribution and data management when fine grained data
access control is desired, and thus do not scale well.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;Proposed System:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;In order to achieve secure, scalable
and fine-grained access control on outsourced data in the cloud, we utilize and
uniquely combine the following three advanced cryptographic techniques: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Italic; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Key Policy Attribute-Based Encryption
(KP-ABE).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Italic; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Proxy Re-Encryption (PRE)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Lazy re-encryption&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Italic; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Italic; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht0wJ5-TMUM1x_JSlbd7zO7AxZTEER5YpEM8BVOIeRdVDxy_YOPF9AS_ARjblZdv15PSGxSoBLOLtym2luekawwk9uPAaiQkLcNsy_9BXFtGifbrz60aGil1ns4tz7mB37Gv0QlWV0ylM/s1600/1.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;229&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht0wJ5-TMUM1x_JSlbd7zO7AxZTEER5YpEM8BVOIeRdVDxy_YOPF9AS_ARjblZdv15PSGxSoBLOLtym2luekawwk9uPAaiQkLcNsy_9BXFtGifbrz60aGil1ns4tz7mB37Gv0QlWV0ylM/s320/1.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;Module Description:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Italic; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;1) Key Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (KP-ABE):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Italic; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;KP-ABE
is a public key cryptography primitive for one-to-many communications.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times-Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;In
KP-ABE, data are associated with attributes for each of which a public key component
is defined. User secret key is defined to reflect the access structure so that
the user is able to decrypt a cipher text if and only if the data attributes
satisfy his access structure. A KP-ABE scheme is composed of four algorithms which
can be defined as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Setup Attributes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Encryption&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Secret key generation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Decryption&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Italic; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Setup
Attributes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;This algorithm is
used to set attributes for users. From these attributes public key and master
key for each user can be determined. The attributes, public key and master key
are denoted as&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Attributes-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: CMMI10; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;U &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR10;&quot;&gt;= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMSY10; mso-fareast-font-family: CMSY10;&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR10;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR10;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;. . . N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMSY10; mso-fareast-font-family: CMSY10;&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMSY10; mso-fareast-font-family: CMSY10;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Public key-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: CMMI10; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;PK &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR10;&quot;&gt;= (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;Y, T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR7;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;, T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR7;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;, . . . , T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI7;&quot;&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR10;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR10;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Master key-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: CMMI10; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;MK &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR10;&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;CMR10&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR10;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR10;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;y, t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR7;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;, t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR7;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;, . . . , t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI7;&quot;&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR10;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Encryption:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;This algorithm takes a
message &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;, the public key &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;PK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;, and a set of
attributes &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;I
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;as
input. It outputs the cipher text &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;E &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;with the following format:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;E &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR10;&quot;&gt;= (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;I, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR10;&quot;&gt;˜ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;E, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMSY10; mso-fareast-font-family: CMSY10;&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI7;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMSY10; mso-fareast-font-family: CMSY10;&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI7;&quot;&gt;i &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR10;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;where &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR10;&quot;&gt;˜&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;E &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR10;&quot;&gt;= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;MY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI7;&quot;&gt;i &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR10;&quot;&gt;= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI7;&quot;&gt;i.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Secret
key generation:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;This algorithm takes as input an
access tree &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;, the master key &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;MK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;, and the public key &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;PK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;. It outputs a user
secret key &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;SK
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;as
follows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;SK &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR10;&quot;&gt;= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMSY10; mso-fareast-font-family: CMSY10;&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;sk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI7;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMSY10; mso-fareast-font-family: CMSY10;&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI7;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;CMR5&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 5.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMR5;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Decryption:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;This algorithm takes
as input the cipher text &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;encrypted under the
attribute set &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;U&lt;/b&gt;, the user’s secret
key &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;SK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;for access tree &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;, and the public key &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;PK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Italic; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Finally it output the message &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;if and only if &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;U &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;satisfies &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Italic; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;2) Proxy Re-Encryption (PRE):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Italic; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Proxy
Re-Encryption (PRE) is a cryptographic primitive in which a semi-trusted proxy
is able to convert a cipher text encrypted under Alice’s public key into
another cipher text that can be opened by Bob’s private key without seeing the underlying
plaintext.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times-Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;A PRE scheme allows the proxy, given the
proxy re-encryption key&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;rk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI7;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMSY7; mso-fareast-font-family: CMSY7;&quot;&gt;↔&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI7;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;to translate cipher texts under public
key &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;pk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI7;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI7;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;into cipher texts
under public key &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI10;&quot;&gt;pk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI7;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: CMMI7;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;and vise versa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;3) Lazy
re-encryption:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Italic; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Italic; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;The
lazy re-encryption technique and allow Cloud Servers to aggregate computation
tasks of multiple operations. The operations such as&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo3; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Update secret keys&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo3; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;&quot;&gt;Update user
attributes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Italic; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: CMBX12; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: CMBX12;&quot;&gt;System Requirements:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Hardware Requirements:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;System&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt; :
Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Hard Disk&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: 40 GB.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Floppy Drive&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: 1.44 Mb.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Monitor&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: 15 VGA Colour.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Mouse&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:
Logitech.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Ram&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: 512
Mb.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Software Requirements:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Operating system &lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: - Windows XP.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;•&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Coding Language&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: DOT NET&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Data
Base&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: SQL Server 2005&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/feeds/2458396237796267595/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2013/06/achieving-secure-scalable-and-fine.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/2458396237796267595'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/2458396237796267595'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2013/06/achieving-secure-scalable-and-fine.html' title='Achieving Secure, Scalable, and Fine-grained Data Access Control in Cloud Computing'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04859847222826497084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht0wJ5-TMUM1x_JSlbd7zO7AxZTEER5YpEM8BVOIeRdVDxy_YOPF9AS_ARjblZdv15PSGxSoBLOLtym2luekawwk9uPAaiQkLcNsy_9BXFtGifbrz60aGil1ns4tz7mB37Gv0QlWV0ylM/s72-c/1.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5235407474839536203.post-8058778925279877932</id><published>2012-07-10T22:58:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-07-10T22:58:30.079-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Cloud Computing Projects for Computer Engineering/ Science Students: IEEE TRANSACTION ON CLOUD COMPUTING  To get abstra...</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/ieee-transaction-on-cloud-computing-to.html?spref=bl&quot;&gt;Cloud Computing Projects for Computer Engineering/ Science Students: IEEE TRANSACTION ON CLOUD COMPUTING&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To get abstra...&lt;/a&gt;: IEEE TRANSACTION ON CLOUD COMPUTING    To get abstracts/ synopsis of these projects:   http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog    or    mail us:...</content><link rel='enclosure' type='' href='http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog' length='0'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/feeds/8058778925279877932/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/cloud-computing-projects-for-computer.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/8058778925279877932'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/8058778925279877932'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/cloud-computing-projects-for-computer.html' title='Cloud Computing Projects for Computer Engineering/ Science Students: IEEE TRANSACTION ON CLOUD COMPUTING  To get abstra...'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04859847222826497084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5235407474839536203.post-6219932718994333204</id><published>2012-07-10T22:51:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2012-07-10T22:51:24.061-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="be computer projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cloud computing project topics"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cloud computing projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="computer engineering projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="IEEE projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ieee projects cloud computing"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="me computer project"/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;msgBody&quot; style=&quot;float: left; overflow: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;IEEE TRANSACTION ON CLOUD COMPUTING&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To get abstracts/ synopsis of these projects:
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
or 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
mail us:
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
info@ocularsystems.in
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
or 
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
call us, 9970186685 or 7385043047
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. A Assertion Based Parallel Debugging
&lt;br /&gt;
2. A Hybrid Shared-nothing/Shared-data Storage 
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Architecture for Large Scale Databases
&lt;br /&gt;
4. A performance goal oriented processor allocation technique for centralized heterogeneous multi-cluster environments
&lt;br /&gt;
5. A Petri Net Approach to Analyzing Behavioral Compatibility and Similarity of Web Services
&lt;br /&gt;
6. A Privacy Preserving Repository for Securing Data across the Cloud
&lt;br /&gt;
7. A Privacy-Preserving Remote Data Integrity Checking Protocol With Data Dynamics and Public Verifiability.
&lt;br /&gt;
8. A Scalable Method for Signalling Dynamic Reconfiguration Events with OpenSM
&lt;br /&gt;
9. A Segment-Level Adaptive Data Layout Scheme for Improved Load Balance in Parallel File Systems
&lt;br /&gt;
10. A Sketch-based Architecture for Mining Frequent Items and Itemsets from Distributed Data Streams
&lt;br /&gt;
11. A Trustworthiness Fusion Model for Service Cloud Platform Based on D-S Evidence Theory
&lt;br /&gt;
12. Addressing Resource Fragmentation in Grids Through Network–Aware Meta–Scheduling in Advance
&lt;br /&gt;
13. APP: Minimizing Interference Using Aggressive Pipelined Prefetching In Multi-Level Buffer Caches
&lt;br /&gt;
14. ASDF: An Autonomous and Scalable Distributed File System
&lt;br /&gt;
15. Automatic and Unsupervised Snore Sound Extraction From Respiratory Sound Signals
&lt;br /&gt;
16. Autonomic SLA-driven Provisioning for Cloud Applications
&lt;br /&gt;
17. BAR: An Efficient Data Locality Driven Task Scheduling Algorithm for Cloud Computing
&lt;br /&gt;
18. Building an online domain-specific computing service over 
non-dedicated grid and cloud resources: the Superlink-online experience
&lt;br /&gt;
19. Cheetah: A Framework for Scalable Hierarchical Collective Operations
&lt;br /&gt;
20. Classification and Composition of QoS Attributes in Distributed, Heterogeneous Systems
&lt;br /&gt;
21. CLOUD COMPUTING FOR LOOSELY COUPLED CLUSTERS.
&lt;br /&gt;
Cloud MapReduce: a MapReduce Implementation on top of a 22. Cloud Operating System
&lt;br /&gt;
23. CloudSpider: Combining Replication with Scheduling for 
Optimizing Live Migration of Virtual Machines Across Wide Area Networks
&lt;br /&gt;
24. Collaborative Writing Support Tools on the Cloud.
&lt;br /&gt;
25. Data Integrity Proofs in Cloud Storage
&lt;br /&gt;
26. Dealing with Grid-Computing Authorization using 
&lt;br /&gt;
27. Identity-Based Certificateless Proxy Signature
&lt;br /&gt;
28. Debunking Real-Time Pricing in Cloud Computing
&lt;br /&gt;
29. DELMA: Dynamically ELastic MApReduce Framework for 30. CPU-Intensive Applications
&lt;br /&gt;
31. Detection and Protection against Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in Accountable Grid Computing Systems
&lt;br /&gt;
Development Inferring Network Topologies in Infrastructure as a Service Cloud
&lt;br /&gt;
32. DHTbd: A Reliable Block-based Storage System for 
&lt;br /&gt;
33. High Performance Clusters
&lt;br /&gt;
34. Diagnosing Anomalous Network Performance with Confidence
&lt;br /&gt;
35. DIFFERENTIATING REGION-OF-INTEREST IN SPATIAL DOMAIN IMAGES.
&lt;br /&gt;
36. Directed Differential Connectivity Graph of Interictal Epileptiform Discharges
&lt;br /&gt;
37. Driver Drowsiness Managing distributed files with RNS in heterogeneous Data Grids
&lt;br /&gt;
38. DYNAMIC RESOURCE ALLOCATION FOR TASK SCHEDULING AND EXECUTION.
&lt;br /&gt;
39. Enabling Multi-Physics Coupled Simulations within the PGAS Programming Framework
&lt;br /&gt;
40. Enabling Public Audit ability and Data Dynamics for Storage Security in Cloud Computing
&lt;br /&gt;
41. Exploiting Dynamic Resource Allocation for Efficient Parallel Data Processing in the Cloud.
&lt;br /&gt;
42. EZTrace: a generic framework for performance analysis
&lt;br /&gt;
Failure Avoidance through Fault Prediction Based on Synthetic Transactions
&lt;br /&gt;
43. Finite-Element-Based Discretization and Regularization Strategies for 3-D Inverse Electrocardiography
&lt;br /&gt;
44. GeoServ: A Distributed Urban Sensing Platform
&lt;br /&gt;
Going Back and Forth Ef?cient Multideployment and Multisnapshotting on Clouds
&lt;br /&gt;
45. GPGPU-Accelerated Parallel and Fast Simulation of Thousand-core Platforms
&lt;br /&gt;
46. Grid Global Behavior Prediction
&lt;br /&gt;
47. Heuristics Based Query Processing for Large RDF 
&lt;br /&gt;
48. Graphs Using Cloud Computing
&lt;br /&gt;
49. High Performance Pipelined Process Migration with RDMA
&lt;br /&gt;
50.IMPROVING QUALITY OF HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE VIDEO COMPRESSION USING TONE-MAPPING OPERATOR.
&lt;br /&gt;
51. Improving Utilization of Infrastructure Clouds
&lt;br /&gt;
52. Modified Kinematic Technique for Measuring Pathological Hyperextension and Hypermobility of the Interphalangeal Joints
&lt;br /&gt;
53. Multicloud Deployment of Computing Clusters for Loosely Coupled MTC Applications.
&lt;br /&gt;
54. Multiple Services Throughput Optimization in a Hierarchical Middleware
&lt;br /&gt;
55. Network-Friendly One-Sided Communication Through Multinode Cooperation on Petascale Cray XT5 Systems
&lt;br /&gt;
56. Neural Control of Posture During Small Magnitude Perturbations: Effects of Aging and Localized Muscle Fatigue
&lt;br /&gt;
57. Non-Cooperative Scheduling Considered Harmful in Collaborative Volunteer Computing Environments
&lt;br /&gt;
On the Performance Variability of Production Cloud Services
&lt;br /&gt;
58. On the Relation Between Congestion Control, Switch Arbitration and Fairness
&lt;br /&gt;
On the Scheduling of Checkpoints in Desktop Grids
&lt;br /&gt;
59. Optimal service pricing for a cloud cache
&lt;br /&gt;
60. Parameter Exploration in Science and Engineering Using Many-Task Computing
&lt;br /&gt;
61. Performance Analysis of Cloud Computing Services for Many-Tasks Scientific Computing
&lt;br /&gt;
62. Predictive Data Grouping and Placement for Cloud-based Elastic Server Infrastructures
&lt;br /&gt;
63. Resource Allocation for Security Services in Mobile Cloud Computing
&lt;br /&gt;
64. Resource and Revenue Sharing with Coalition Formation of Cloud Providers: Game Theoretic Approach
&lt;br /&gt;
65. Robust Execution of Service Workflows Using Redundancy and Advance Reservations
&lt;br /&gt;
66. Role-Based Access-Control Using Reference Ontology in Clouds
&lt;br /&gt;
67. Secure and Practical Outsourcing of Linear Programming in Cloud Computing
&lt;br /&gt;
68. SLA-based Resource Allocation for Software as a Service Provider (SaaS) in Cloud Computing Environments
&lt;br /&gt;
69. Small Discrete Fourier Transforms on GPUs
&lt;br /&gt;
Techniques for fine-grained, multi-site computation offloading
&lt;br /&gt;
70. The Benefits of Estimated Global Information in DHT Load Balancing
&lt;br /&gt;
71. Towards Real-Time, Volunteer Distributed Computing
&lt;br /&gt;
72. Towards Reliable, PerformantWorkflows for Streaming-Applications on Cloud Platforms
&lt;br /&gt;
73. Towards Secure and Dependable Storage Services in Cloud Computing
&lt;br /&gt;
74. Utilizing “Opaque” Resources for Revenue Enhancement on Clouds and Grids
&lt;br /&gt;
Weather data sharing system:an agent -based distributed data management.
&lt;/div&gt;
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Ocular Systems, Baramati, Pune
&lt;br /&gt;
www.ocularsystems.in
&lt;br /&gt;
9970186685/ 7385043047
&lt;br /&gt;
info@ocularsystems.in
    &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/feeds/6219932718994333204/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/ieee-transaction-on-cloud-computing-to.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/6219932718994333204'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/6219932718994333204'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/ieee-transaction-on-cloud-computing-to.html' title=''/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04859847222826497084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5235407474839536203.post-1749241965660122323</id><published>2012-07-07T02:49:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-07-07T02:49:24.011-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="be computer projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="chennai projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cloud computing projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="IEEE projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="me computer project"/><title type='text'>Be aware of project providers from chennai!!!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
Dear Students,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please be aware of the computer engineering project providers sites hosted by owners from Chennai/&amp;nbsp;Bangalore. They provides irrelevant source code for the project that you orders. They takes full payment before providing project source code, and gives irrelevant source-code. After making payments you can&#39;t argue for refund. So, for exact implementation of IEEE papers take guidance from your staff/ nearer project guidance provider.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regards,&lt;br /&gt;
Ocular Systems,&lt;br /&gt;
MIDC-Baramati,&lt;br /&gt;
09970186685, 07385043047&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/feeds/1749241965660122323/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/be-aware-of-project-providers-from.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/1749241965660122323'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/1749241965660122323'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/be-aware-of-project-providers-from.html' title='Be aware of project providers from chennai!!!'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04859847222826497084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5235407474839536203.post-7400148631507756713</id><published>2012-07-07T02:17:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-07-07T02:17:22.479-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Achieving Secure"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="and Fine-grained Data Access Control in Cloud Computing"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cloud computing"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cloud computing projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Encrypted data in Cloud"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Scalable"/><title type='text'>Achieving Secure, Scalable, and Fine-grained Data Access Control in Cloud Computing</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To get this project&#39;s source code, synopsis, video, documentation and ppt,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mail Us at:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;mailto:info@ocularsystems.in&quot;&gt;info@ocularsystems.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
or&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Visit Us:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog&quot;&gt;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Abstract:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Cloud computing is an emerging computing
 paradigm in which resources of the computing infrastructure are 
provided as services over the Internet. This paper proposed some 
services for data security and access control when users outsource 
sensitive data for sharing on cloud servers. This paper addresses this 
challenging open issue by, on one hand, defining and enforcing access 
policies based on data attributes, and, on the other hand, allowing the 
data owner to delegate most of the computation tasks involved in fine 
grained data access control to untrusted cloud servers without 
disclosing the underlying data contents.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Our proposed 
scheme enables the data owner to delegate tasks of data file 
re-encryption and user secret key update to cloud servers without 
disclosing data contents or user access privilege information. We 
achieve this goal by exploiting and uniquely combining techniques of 
attribute-based encryption (ABE), proxy re-encryption, and lazy 
re-encryption. Our proposed scheme also has salient properties of user 
access privilege confidentiality and user secret key accountability and 
achieves fine – graininess, scalability and data confidentiality for 
data access control in cloud computing. Extensive analysis shows that 
our proposed scheme is highly efficient and provably secures under 
existing security models.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Advantages &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Low initial capital investment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shorter start-up time for new services&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lower maintenance and operation costs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Higher utilization through virtualization&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Easier disaster recovery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Existing System:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Our existing solution applies cryptographic methods by disclosing data decryption keys only to authorized users.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;These
 solutions inevitably introduce a heavy computation overhead on the data
 owner for key distribution and data management when fine grained data 
access control is desired, and thus do not scale well.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Proposed System:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; In order to achieve secure,
 scalable and fine-grained access control on outsourced data in the 
cloud, we utilize and uniquely combine the following three advanced 
cryptographic techniques:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Key Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (KP-ABE).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Proxy Re-Encryption (PRE)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lazy re-encryption&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/secure.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Achieving Secure, Scalable, and Fine-grained Data Access Control in Cloud Computing&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-437&quot; height=&quot;521&quot; src=&quot;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/secure.png&quot; title=&quot;Achieving Secure, Scalable, and Fine-grained Data Access Control in Cloud Computing&quot; width=&quot;728&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Module Description:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;1) Key Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (KP-ABE):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;KP-ABE
 is a public key cryptography primitive for one-to-many communications. 
In KP-ABE, data are associated with attributes for each of which a 
public key component is defined. User secret key is defined to reflect 
the access structure so that the user is able to decrypt a cipher text 
if and only if the data attributes satisfy his access structure. A 
KP-ABE scheme is composed of four algorithms which can be defined as 
follows:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Setup Attributes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Encryption&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Secret key generation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Decryption&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Setup Attributes:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;This
 algorithm is used to set attributes for users. From these attributes 
public key and master key for each user can be determined. The 
attributes, public key and master key are denoted as&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Attributes-&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;U &lt;/em&gt;= &lt;em&gt;{&lt;/em&gt;1&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;2&lt;em&gt;. . . N&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;}&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/em&gt;Public key-&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;PK &lt;/em&gt;= (&lt;em&gt;Y, T&lt;/em&gt;1&lt;em&gt;, T&lt;/em&gt;2&lt;em&gt;, . . . , T&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;N&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Master key-&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;MK &lt;/em&gt;= (&lt;em&gt;y, t&lt;/em&gt;1&lt;em&gt;, t&lt;/em&gt;2&lt;em&gt;, . . . , t&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;N&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Encryption:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; This algorithm takes a message &lt;em&gt;M&lt;/em&gt;, the public key &lt;em&gt;PK&lt;/em&gt;, and a set of attributes &lt;em&gt;I &lt;/em&gt;as input. It outputs the cipher text &lt;em&gt;E &lt;/em&gt;with the following format:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; E &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;= (&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;I, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;˜ &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;E, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;{&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;}&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;i &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
where ˜&lt;em&gt;E &lt;/em&gt;= &lt;em&gt;MY&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;i &lt;/em&gt;= &lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;i.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Secret key generation:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;This algorithm takes as input an access tree &lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;, the master key &lt;em&gt;MK&lt;/em&gt;, and the public key &lt;em&gt;PK&lt;/em&gt;. It outputs a user secret key &lt;em&gt;SK &lt;/em&gt;as follows.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;SK &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;= &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;{&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;sk&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;}&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Decryption:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;This algorithm takes as input the cipher text &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;encrypted under the attribute set &lt;strong&gt;U&lt;/strong&gt;, the user’s secret key &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;SK&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;for access tree &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, and the public key &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;PK&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Finally it output the message &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;M&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;if and only if &lt;strong&gt;U &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;satisfies &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;T&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;2) Proxy Re-Encryption (PRE):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;Proxy 
Re-Encryption (PRE) is a cryptographic primitive in which a semi-trusted
 proxy is able to convert a cipher text encrypted under Alice’s public 
key into another cipher text that can be opened by Bob’s private key 
without seeing the underlying plaintext. A PRE scheme allows the proxy, 
given the proxy re-encryption key&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;rk&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;↔&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;b&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
to translate cipher texts under public key &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;pk&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;1&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;into cipher texts under public key &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;pk&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;2&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;and vise versa.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;3) Lazy re-encryption:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;The lazy
 re-encryption technique and allow Cloud Servers to aggregate 
computation tasks of multiple operations. The operations such as&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
1.&amp;nbsp; Update secret keys&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
2.&amp;nbsp; Update user attributes.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;cufon alt=&quot;System &quot; class=&quot;cufon cufon-canvas&quot; style=&quot;height: 20px; width: 69px;&quot;&gt;&lt;cufontext&gt;System &lt;/cufontext&gt;&lt;/cufon&gt;&lt;cufon alt=&quot;Requirements:&quot; class=&quot;cufon cufon-canvas&quot; style=&quot;height: 20px; width: 128px;&quot;&gt;&lt;cufontext&gt;Requirements:&lt;/cufontext&gt;&lt;/cufon&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Hardware Requirements:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; System&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Hard Disk&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : 40 GB.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Floppy Drive&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : 1.44 Mb.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Monitor&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : 15 VGA Colour.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Mouse&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : Logitech.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ram&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : 512 Mb.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Software Requirements:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Operating system &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : – Windows XP.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Coding Language&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : DOT NET&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Data Base&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : SQL Server 2005&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/feeds/7400148631507756713/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/achieving-secure-scalable-and-fine.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/7400148631507756713'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/7400148631507756713'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/achieving-secure-scalable-and-fine.html' title='Achieving Secure, Scalable, and Fine-grained Data Access Control in Cloud Computing'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04859847222826497084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5235407474839536203.post-2204763293097933474</id><published>2012-07-07T02:15:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-07-07T02:15:32.258-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="be computer projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cloud computing"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="computer engineering projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Privacy Preserving Remote Data Integrity Checking Protocol With Data Dynamics and Public Verifiability"/><title type='text'>Privacy Preserving Remote Data Integrity Checking Protocol With Data Dynamics and Public Verifiability</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;mailto:info@ocularsystems.in&quot;&gt;info@ocularsystems.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Abstract:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Remote data integrity 
checking is a crucial technology in cloud computing. Recently many works
 focus on providing data dynamics and/or public verifiability to this 
type of protocols. Existing protocols can support both features with the
 help of a third party auditor. In a previous work, propose a remote 
data integrity checking protocol that supports data dynamics. In this 
paper, we adapt to support public verifiability. The proposed protocol 
supports public verifiability without help of a third party auditor. In 
addition, the proposed protocol does not leak any private information to
 third party verifiers. Through a formal analysis, we show the 
correctness and security of the protocol. After that, through 
theoretical analysis and experimental results, we demonstrate that the 
proposed protocol has a good performance.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Architecture:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;wp-caption aligncenter&quot; id=&quot;attachment_561&quot; style=&quot;width: 559px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/arch2.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;size-full wp-image-561&quot; height=&quot;258&quot; src=&quot;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/arch2.png&quot; title=&quot;A Privacy-Preserving Remote Data Integrity Checking Protocol with Data Dynamics and Public Verifiability&quot; width=&quot;549&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;&gt;
A Privacy-Preserving Remote Data Integrity Checking Protocol with Data Dynamics and Public Verifiability&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Existing System:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;In
 existing system, the clients store the data in server that server is 
trustworthy and after the third party auditor can audit the client 
files. So, the third party auditor can stolen the files.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Disadvantage:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Existing protocols can support both features with the help of a third party auditor.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Proposed System:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; We consider a 
cloud storage system in which there are a client and an untrusted 
server. The client stores their data in the server without keeping a 
local copy. Hence, it is of critical importance that the client should 
be able to verify the integrity of the data stored in the remote 
untrusted server. If the server modifies any part of the client’s data, 
the client should be able to detect it; furthermore, &lt;em&gt;any &lt;/em&gt;third 
party verifier should also be able to detect it. In case a third party 
verifier verifies the integrity of the client’s data, the data should be
 kept private against the third party verifier.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Advantages:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;In this paper, we have the following main contributions:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; • &lt;/em&gt;We
 propose a remote data integrity checking protocol for cloud storage. 
The proposed protocol inherits the support of data dynamics, and 
supports public verifiability and privacy against third-party verifiers,
 while at the same time it doesn’t need to use a third-party auditor.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; • &lt;/em&gt;We 
give a security analysis of the proposed protocol, which shows that it 
is secure against the untrusted server and private against third party 
verifiers.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Modules:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1. Data Dynamics&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; i.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Block Insertio&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ii.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Block Modification&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; iii.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Block Deletion&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2.&amp;nbsp; public verifiability&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 3.&amp;nbsp; Metadata Generation&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 4.&amp;nbsp; Privacy against Third Party Verifiers&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;1.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data Dynamics:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;Data
 dynamics means after clients store their data at the remote server, 
they can dynamically update their data at later times. At the block 
level, the main operations are block insertion, block modification and 
block deletion.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; i.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Block Insertion:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;The Server can insert anything on the client’s file.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt; ii.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Block Deletion:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;The Server can delete anything on the client’s file.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;iii.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Block Modification:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;The Server can modify anything on the client’s file.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;2.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;public verifiability:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;Each and every time the secret key sent to the client’s email and&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;can
 perform the integrity checking operation. &amp;nbsp;In this definition, we have 
two entities: a challenger that stands for either the client or any 
third party verifier, and an adversary that stands for the untrusted 
server. Client doesn’t ask any secret key from third party.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;3.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Metadata key Generation:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;Let
 the verifier V wishes to the store the file F. Let this file F consist 
of n file blocks. We initially preprocess the file and create metadata 
to be appended to the file. Let each of the n data blocks have m bits in
 them. A typical data file F which the client wishes to store in the 
cloud.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Each of the Meta data from the data blocks m&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; is encrypted by using a suitable algorithm to give a new modified Meta data M&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt;.
 Without loss of generality we show this process. The encryption method 
can be improvised to provide still stronger protection for Client’s 
data. All the Meta data bit blocks that are generated using the 
procedure are to be concatenated together. This concatenated Meta data 
should be appended to the file F before storing it at the cloud server. 
The file F along with the appended Meta data with the cloud.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;4.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Privacy against Third Party Verifiers:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Under the semi-honest model, a third party verifier cannot get&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Any information about the client’s data m
 from the protocol execution. Hence, the protocol is private against 
third party verifiers. If the server modifies any part of the client’s 
data, the client should be able to detect it; furthermore, any third 
Party verifier should also be able to detect it. In case a third party 
verifier verifies the integrity of the client’s data, the data should be
 kept private against the third party verifier.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Algorithm:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;RSA &amp;amp; Metadata Generation:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
The &amp;nbsp;input, and outputs &lt;em&gt;R &lt;/em&gt;= &lt;em&gt;g&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;s&lt;/em&gt;_&lt;em&gt;n i&lt;/em&gt;=1 &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;m&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;i &lt;/em&gt;mod &lt;em&gt;N&lt;/em&gt;, in which &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;i &lt;/em&gt;= &lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt;) for &lt;em&gt;i &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;∈ &lt;/em&gt;[1&lt;em&gt;, n&lt;/em&gt;]. Because &lt;em&gt;A &lt;/em&gt;can naturally computes &lt;em&gt;P &lt;/em&gt;= &lt;em&gt;g&lt;/em&gt;_&lt;em&gt;n i&lt;/em&gt;=1 &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;m&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;i &lt;/em&gt;mod &lt;em&gt;N &lt;/em&gt;from &lt;em&gt;D&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;m&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;P &lt;/em&gt;is also treated as &lt;em&gt;A&lt;/em&gt;’s output. So &lt;em&gt;A &lt;/em&gt;is given (&lt;em&gt;N, g, g&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;s&lt;/em&gt;) as input, and outputs (&lt;em&gt;R, P&lt;/em&gt;) that satisfies &lt;em&gt;R &lt;/em&gt;= &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;s&lt;/em&gt;. From the KEA1-r assumption, &lt;em&gt;B &lt;/em&gt;can construct an extractor &lt;em&gt;A&lt;/em&gt;￣, which given the same input as &lt;em&gt;A&lt;/em&gt;, outputs &lt;em&gt;c &lt;/em&gt;which satisfies &lt;em&gt;P &lt;/em&gt;= &lt;em&gt;g&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;c &lt;/em&gt;mod &lt;em&gt;N&lt;/em&gt;. As &lt;em&gt;P &lt;/em&gt;=&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;g&lt;/em&gt;_&lt;em&gt;n i&lt;/em&gt;=1 &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;m&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;i &lt;/em&gt;mod &lt;em&gt;N&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;B &lt;/em&gt;extracts &lt;em&gt;c &lt;/em&gt;= _&lt;em&gt;ni&lt;/em&gt;=1 &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;m&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;i &lt;/em&gt;mod &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;_&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;q&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;_&lt;/em&gt;.Now &lt;em&gt;B &lt;/em&gt;generates &lt;em&gt;n &lt;/em&gt;challenges &lt;em&gt;_&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt;1&lt;em&gt;, g&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;s&lt;/em&gt;1&lt;em&gt;_&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;_&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt;2&lt;em&gt;, g&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;s&lt;/em&gt;2&lt;em&gt;_&lt;/em&gt;, …,&lt;em&gt;_&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;, g&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;_ &lt;/em&gt;using the method described in section III. &lt;em&gt;B&lt;/em&gt;computes &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;ji &lt;/em&gt;= &lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;j &lt;/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt;) for &lt;em&gt;i &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;∈ &lt;/em&gt;[1&lt;em&gt;, n&lt;/em&gt;] and &lt;em&gt;j &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;∈ &lt;/em&gt;[1&lt;em&gt;, n&lt;/em&gt;]. Because &lt;em&gt;{&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt;1&lt;em&gt;, r&lt;/em&gt;2&lt;em&gt;, …, r&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;} &lt;/em&gt;are chosen by &lt;em&gt;B&lt;/em&gt;, now &lt;em&gt;B &lt;/em&gt;chooses them so that &lt;em&gt;{&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;j &lt;/em&gt;1&lt;em&gt;, a&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;j &lt;/em&gt;2&lt;em&gt;, …, a&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;j n &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;}&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;, j &lt;/em&gt;= 1&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;2&lt;em&gt;, …, n&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;System Specification:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Hardware Requirements:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;System&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hard Disk&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;40 GB.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Floppy Drive&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;1.44 Mb.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Monitor&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;15 VGA Colour.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mouse&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Sony.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ram&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;512 Mb.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Software Requirements:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Operating system &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Windows XP.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coding Language&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;ASP.Net with C#&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Data Base&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;SQL Server 2005.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/feeds/2204763293097933474/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/privacy-preserving-remote-data.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/2204763293097933474'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/2204763293097933474'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/privacy-preserving-remote-data.html' title='Privacy Preserving Remote Data Integrity Checking Protocol With Data Dynamics and Public Verifiability'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04859847222826497084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5235407474839536203.post-5756116704655513837</id><published>2012-07-07T02:09:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-07-07T02:12:46.665-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="be computer projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Client Side Load Balance Using Cloud"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cloud computing"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cloud computing projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="computer engineering projects"/><title type='text'>Client Side Load Balance Using Cloud</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To get this project&#39;s source code, synopsis, video, documentation and ppt,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mail Us at:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;mailto:info@ocularsystems.in&quot;&gt;info@ocularsystems.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
or&lt;br /&gt;
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Visit Us:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog&quot;&gt;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Web
 applications’ traffic demand fluctuates widely and unpredictably. The 
common practice of provisioning a fixed capacity would either result in 
unsatisfied customers (under provision) or waste valuable capital 
investment (overprovision). By leveraging an infrastructure cloud’s 
on-demand, pay-per-use capabilities, we finally can match the capacity 
with the demand in real time. This paper investigates how we can build a
 large-scale web server farm in the cloud. Our performance study shows 
that using existing cloud components and optimization techniques, we 
cannot achieve high scalability. Instead, we propose a client-side load 
balancing architecture, which can scale and handle failure on a 
milli-second time scale. We experimentally show that our architecture 
achieves high throughput in a cloud environment while meeting QoS 
requirements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: CMBX12; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Algorithm / Technique used:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: CMBX12; font-size: 16pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Load Balancing Algorithm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;System Architecture:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #e36c0a; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/cloud.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;cloud system architecture&quot; class=&quot;alignright size-medium wp-image-585&quot; height=&quot;273&quot; src=&quot;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/cloud-300x273.png&quot; title=&quot;cloud system architecture&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Existing System:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;The
 concept of client side load balancing is not new. One existing 
approach, the earlier version of Netscape, requires modification to the 
browser. Given the diversity of web browsers available today, it is 
difficult to make sure that the visitors to a web site have the required
 modification. Smart Client, developed as part of the WebOS project 
requires Java Applets to perform load balancing at the client. 
Unfortunately, it has several drawbacks. First, Java Applets require the
 Java Virtual Machine, which is not available by default on most 
browsers. This is especially true in the mobile environment. Second, if 
the user accidentally agrees, a Java Applet could have full access to 
the client ma- chine, leaving open big security vulnerability. Third, 
many organizations only allow administrators to install software, so 
users cannot view applets by default. Fourth, a Java Applet is an 
application; the HTML page navigation structure is lost if navigating 
within the applet. Last, Smart Client still relies on a central server 
to download the Java Applet and the server list, which still presents a 
single point of failure and scalability bottleneck.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Verdana&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Proposed System:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;we
 propose a client-side load balancing architecture that not only 
leverages the strength of existing cloud components, but also overcomes 
the limitations posed above. More specifically, we present the following
 contributions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Propose client-side load balancing architecture: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Differing from previous proposals on client-side load&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;balancing, our proposal is built on insights gained from our performance studies of cloud components. We&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;leverage the strength of a cloud component (S3′s scalability) to avoid any single point of scalability bottleneck.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;A practical implementation: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Previous
 implementations are not transparent to end users. We use JavaScript 
technology to handle all load-balancing de- tails behind the scene. From
 a user’s perspective, he is not able to distinguish a web site using 
client-side load balancing from a normal web site. We use JavaScript to 
get around current browsers’ cross-domain security limitations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Realistic evaluation: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;We
 evaluate the proposed architecture using a realistic benchmark suite. 
Our evaluation shows that our proposed architecture can indeed scale 
linearly as demand increases. In the rest of the paper, we show the 
limitations of cloud to host a web presence using the standard 
techniques. We then describe our client-side load balancing architecture
 and implementation. Last, we present the evaluation results.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1. Load Balancer:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;A
 standard way to scale web applications is by using a hardware-based 
load balancer. The load balancer assumes the IP address of the web 
application, so all communication with the web application hits the load
 balancer first. The load balancer is connected to one or more identical
 web servers in the back-end. Depending on the user Session and the load
 on each web server, the load balancer forwards packets to different web
 servers for processing. The hardware-based load balancer is designed to
 handle high- level of load, so it can easily scale.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;2. DNS Load Balancing:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Another well established technique is DNS aliasing. When a user browses to a domain &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(e.g., &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;www.website.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;),
 the browser first asks its local DNS server for the IP address (e.g., 
209.8.231.11), then, the browser contacts the IP address. In case the 
local DNS server does not have the IP address information for the asked 
domain, it contacts other DNS servers that have the information, which 
will eventually be the original DNS server that the web server farm 
directly manages. The original DNS server can hand out different IP 
addresses to different requesting DNS servers so that the load could be 
distributed out among the servers sitting at each IP address.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;DNS
 load balancing has its drawbacks {load balancing granularity and 
addictiveness {that are not specific to the cloud. First, it does a poor
 job in balancing the load. For performance reasons, a local DNS server 
caches the IP address information. Thus, all browsers contacting the 
same DNS server would get the same IP address. Since the DNS server 
could be responsible for a large number of hosts, the load could not be 
effectively smoothed out.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Second,
 the local DNS server caches IP address for a set period of time, e.g., 
for days. Until the cache expires, the local DNS server guides requests 
from browsers to the same web server. When traffic fluctuates at a time 
scale much smaller than days, tweaking DNS server settings has little 
effect. Traditionally, this drawback has not been as pronounced because 
the number of back-end web servers and their IP addresses are static 
anyway. However, it seriously affects the scalability of a cloud-based 
web server farm. A cloud-based web server farm elastically changes the 
number of web servers tracking the volume of traffic in minute’s 
granularity. Days of DNS caching dramatically reduces this elasticity. 
More specifically, even though the web server farm increases the number 
of web servers to serve the peak load, IP addresses for new web servers 
will not be propagated to DNS servers that already have a cached IP 
address. In addition, when a web server fails, the DNS entry could not 
be immediately up- dated. While the DNS changes propagate, users are not
 able to access the service even though there are other live web 
servers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Layer 2 Optimization:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;There
 are several variations of layer 2 optimization. One way, referred to as
 direct web server return, is to have a set of web servers, all have the
 same IP address, but different layer 2 addresses (MAC address).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Another
 variation, TCP handoff, works in a slightly different way. A browser 
first establishes a TCP connection with a front-end dispatcher. Before 
any data transfer occurs, the dispatcher transfers the TCP state to one 
of the back- end servers, which takes over the communication with the 
client. This technique again requires the ability for the back- end 
servers to masquerade the dispatcher’s IP address.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;4. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Client Load Balancing:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;The
 concept of client side load balancing is not new. One existing 
approach, the earlier version of Netscape, requires modification to the 
browser. Given the diversity of web browsers available today, it is 
difficult to make sure that the visitors to a web site have the required
 modification. Smart Client, developed as part of the WebOS project 
requires Java Applets to perform load balancing at the client. 
Unfortunately, it has several drawbacks. First, Java Applets require the
 Java Virtual Machine, which is not available by default on most 
browsers. This is especially true in the mobile environment. Second, if 
the user accidentally agrees, a Java Applet could have full access to 
the client ma- chine, leaving open big security vulnerability. Third, 
many organizations only allow administrators to install software, so 
users cannot view applets by default. Fourth, a Java Applet is an 
application; the HTML page navigation structure is lost if navigating 
within the applet. Last, Smart Client still relies on a central server 
to download the Java Applet and the server list, which still presents a 
single point of failure and scalability bottleneck.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;cufon alt=&quot;System &quot; class=&quot;cufon cufon-canvas&quot; style=&quot;height: 24px; width: 79px;&quot;&gt;&lt;cufontext&gt;System &lt;/cufontext&gt;&lt;/cufon&gt;&lt;cufon alt=&quot;Configuration:-&quot; class=&quot;cufon cufon-canvas&quot; style=&quot;height: 24px; width: 156px;&quot;&gt;&lt;cufontext&gt;Configuration:-&lt;/cufontext&gt;&lt;/cufon&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;

&lt;cufon alt=&quot;H/W &quot; class=&quot;cufon cufon-canvas&quot; style=&quot;height: 30px; width: 66px;&quot;&gt;&lt;cufontext&gt;H/W &lt;/cufontext&gt;&lt;/cufon&gt;&lt;cufon alt=&quot;System &quot; class=&quot;cufon cufon-canvas&quot; style=&quot;height: 30px; width: 99px;&quot;&gt;&lt;cufontext&gt;System &lt;/cufontext&gt;&lt;/cufon&gt;&lt;cufon alt=&quot;Configuration:-&quot; class=&quot;cufon cufon-canvas&quot; style=&quot;height: 30px; width: 195px;&quot;&gt;&lt;cufontext&gt;Configuration:-&lt;/cufontext&gt;&lt;/cufon&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;&quot; type=&quot;square&quot;&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-top: 0in;&quot; type=&quot;square&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Processor&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; -&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;Pentium III&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speed&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; -&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1.1 Ghz&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RAM&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 256&amp;nbsp; MB(min)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hard Disk&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; -&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 20 GB&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Floppy Drive&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; -&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1.44 MB&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key Board&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; -&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Standard Windows Keyboard&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mouse&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; -&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Two or Three Button Mouse&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Monitor&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; -&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; SVGA&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;

&lt;cufon alt=&quot; &quot; class=&quot;cufon cufon-canvas&quot; style=&quot;height: 30px; width: 7px;&quot;&gt;&lt;cufontext&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/cufontext&gt;&lt;/cufon&gt;&lt;cufon alt=&quot;S/W &quot; class=&quot;cufon cufon-canvas&quot; style=&quot;height: 30px; width: 60px;&quot;&gt;&lt;cufontext&gt;S/W &lt;/cufontext&gt;&lt;/cufon&gt;&lt;cufon alt=&quot;System &quot; class=&quot;cufon cufon-canvas&quot; style=&quot;height: 30px; width: 99px;&quot;&gt;&lt;cufontext&gt;System &lt;/cufontext&gt;&lt;/cufon&gt;&lt;cufon alt=&quot;Configuration:-&quot; class=&quot;cufon cufon-canvas&quot; style=&quot;height: 30px; width: 195px;&quot;&gt;&lt;cufontext&gt;Configuration:-&lt;/cufontext&gt;&lt;/cufon&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 20pt; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Operating System&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :Windows95/98/2000/XP &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 20pt; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Application&amp;nbsp; Server&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Tomcat5.0/6.X&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 20pt; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Front End&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;HTML, Java, Jsp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 20pt; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Scripts&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; JavaScript.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 20pt; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Server side Script&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Java Server Pages.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 20pt; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Database&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; MyAccess&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 20pt; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;§&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Database Connectivity&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; JDBC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/feeds/5756116704655513837/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/client-side-load-balance-using-cloud.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/5756116704655513837'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/5756116704655513837'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/client-side-load-balance-using-cloud.html' title='Client Side Load Balance Using Cloud'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04859847222826497084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5235407474839536203.post-7080057870722432583</id><published>2012-07-07T02:06:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2012-07-07T02:12:09.237-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cloud computing"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cloud computing projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="data security in cloud"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="data storage security"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Encrypted data in Cloud"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Ensuring Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ieee projects on cloud computing"/><title type='text'>Ensuring Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Cloud computing has been envisioned as 
the next-generation architecture of IT enterprise. In contrast to 
traditional solutions, where the IT services are under proper physical, 
logical and personnel controls, cloud computing moves the application 
software and databases to the large data centers, where the management 
of the data and services may not be fully trustworthy. This unique 
attribute, however, poses many new security challenges which have not 
been well understood. In this article, we focus on cloud data storage 
security, which has always been an important aspect of quality of 
service. To ensure the correctness of users’ data in the cloud, we 
propose an effective and flexible distributed scheme with two salient 
features, opposing to its predecessors. By utilizing the homo-morphic 
token with distributed verification of erasure-coded data, our scheme 
achieves the integration of storage correctness insurance and data error
 localization, i.e., the identification of misbehaving server (s). 
Unlike most prior works, the new scheme further supports secure and 
efficient dynamic operations on data blocks, including: data update, 
delete and append. Extensive security and performance analysis shows 
that the proposed scheme is highly efficient and resilient against 
Byzantine failure, malicious data modification attack, and even server 
colluding attacks.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;System Architecture:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Ensuring-Data-Storage-System-Architecture.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Ensuring Data Storage System Architecture&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter  wp-image-683&quot; height=&quot;276&quot; src=&quot;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Ensuring-Data-Storage-System-Architecture-300x153.png&quot; title=&quot;Ensuring Data Storage System Architecture&quot; width=&quot;489&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Existing System:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
From the perspective of data security, 
which has always been an important aspect of quality of service, Cloud 
Computing inevitably poses new challenging security threats for number 
of reasons.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
1 . Firstly, traditional cryptographic 
primitives for the purpose of data security protection can not be 
directly adopted due to the users’ loss control of data under Cloud 
Computing. Therefore, verification of correct data storage in the cloud 
must be conducted without explicit knowledge of the whole data. 
Considering various kinds of data for each user stored in the cloud and 
the demand of long term continuous assurance of their data safety, the 
problem of verifying correctness of data storage in the cloud becomes 
even more challenging.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
2 . Secondly, Cloud Computing is not 
just a third party data warehouse. The data stored in the cloud may be 
frequently updated by the users, including insertion, deletion, 
modification, appending, reordering, etc. To ensure storage correctness 
under dynamic data update is hence of paramount importance.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
These techniques, while can be useful to
 ensure the storage correctness without having users possessing data, 
can not address all the security threats in cloud data storage, since 
they are all focusing on single server scenario and most of them do not 
consider dynamic data operations. As an complementary approach, 
researchers have also proposed distributed protocols&amp;nbsp; for ensuring 
storage correctness across multiple servers or peers. Again, none of 
these distributed schemes is aware of dynamic data operations. As a 
result, their applicability in cloud data storage can be drastically 
limited.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Proposed System:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
In this paper, we propose an effective 
and flexible distributed scheme with explicit dynamic data support to 
ensure the correctness of users’ data in the cloud. We rely on erasure 
correcting code in the file distribution preparation to provide 
redundancies and guarantee the data dependability. This construction 
drastically reduces the communication and storage overhead as compared 
to the traditional replication-based file distribution techniques. By 
utilizing the homo-morphic token with distributed verification of 
erasure-coded data, our scheme achieves the storage correctness 
insurance as well as data error localization: whenever data corruption 
has been detected during the storage correctness verification, our 
scheme can almost guarantee the simultaneous localization of data 
errors, i.e., the identification of the misbehaving server(s).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
1. Compared to many of its predecessors,
 which only provide binary results about the storage state across the 
distributed servers, the challenge-response protocol in our work further
 provides the localization of data error.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
2. Unlike most prior works for ensuring 
remote data integrity, the new scheme supports secure and efficient 
dynamic operations on data blocks, including: update, delete and append.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
3. Extensive security and performance 
analysis shows that the proposed scheme is highly efficient and 
resilient against Byzantine failure, malicious data modification attack,
 and even server colluding attacks.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;System Requirements:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Hardware Requirements:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; System&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Hard Disk&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; : 40 GB.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Floppy Drive&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : 1.44 Mb.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Monitor&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : 15 VGA Colour.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Mouse&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; : Logitech.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ram&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; : 512 Mb.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Software Requirements:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Operating system &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : – Windows XP.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Coding Language&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : -JAVA,Swing,RMI,J2me(WirelessToolkit)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Tool Used&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : – Eclipse 3.3&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/feeds/7080057870722432583/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/ensuring-data-storage-security-in-cloud.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/7080057870722432583'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/7080057870722432583'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/ensuring-data-storage-security-in-cloud.html' title='Ensuring Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04859847222826497084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5235407474839536203.post-8403727931008091930</id><published>2012-07-07T02:04:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-07-07T02:11:32.924-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="be computer projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cloud computing projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Encrypted data in Cloud"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="fuzzy keyword Search"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Fuzzy Keyword Search over Encrypted Data in Cloud Computing"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ieee projects on cloud computing"/><title type='text'>Fuzzy Keyword Search over Encrypted Data in Cloud Computing</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
To get source code, video, ppt, documentation of this project please mail us:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;mailto:info@ocularsystems.in&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;info@ocularsystems.in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
or visit us:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Abstract:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; As Cloud Computing 
becomes prevalent, more and more sensitive information are being 
centralized into the cloud. Although traditional searchable encryption 
schemes allow a user to securely search over encrypted data through 
keywords and selectively retrieve files of interest, these techniques 
support only exact keyword search. In this paper, for the first time we 
formalize and solve the problem of effective fuzzy keyword search over 
encrypted cloud data while maintaining keyword privacy. Fuzzy keyword 
search greatly enhances system usability by returning the matching files
 when users’ searching inputs exactly match the predefined keywords or 
the closest possible matching files based on keyword similarity 
semantics, when exact match fails. In our solution, we exploit edit 
distance to quantify keywords similarity and develop two advanced 
techniques on constructing fuzzy keyword sets, which achieve optimized 
storage and representation overheads. We further propose a brand new 
symbol-based trie-traverse searching scheme, where a multi-way tree 
structure is built up using symbols transformed from the resulted fuzzy 
keyword sets. Through rigorous security analysis, we show that our 
proposed solution is secure and privacy-preserving, while correctly 
realizing the goal of fuzzy keyword search. Extensive experimental 
results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solution.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Algorithm / Technique used:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;String Matching Algorithm&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Algorithm Description:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; The approximate string matching 
algorithms among them can be classified into two categories: on-line and
 off-line. The on-line techniques, performing search without an index, 
are unacceptable for their low search efficiency, while the off-line 
approach, utilizing indexing techniques, makes it dramatically faster. A
 variety of indexing algorithms, such as suffix trees, metric trees and 
q-gram methods, have been presented. At the first glance, it seems 
possible for one to directly apply these string matching algorithms to 
the context of searchable encryption by computing the trapdoors on a 
character base within an alphabet. However, this trivial construction 
suffers from the dictionary and statistics attacks and fails to achieve 
the search privacy. An instance &lt;em&gt;M&lt;/em&gt; of the data type &lt;em&gt;string-matching&lt;/em&gt;
 is an object maintaining a pattern and a string. It provides a 
collection of different algorithms for computation of the exact string 
matching problem. Each function computes a list of all starting 
positions of occurrences of the pattern in the string.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;System Architecture:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Fuzzy-Keyword-Search-over-Encrypted-Data-in-Cloud-Computing.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Fuzzy Keyword Search over Encrypted Data in Cloud Computing&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter  wp-image-696&quot; height=&quot;253&quot; src=&quot;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Fuzzy-Keyword-Search-over-Encrypted-Data-in-Cloud-Computing-300x141.png&quot; title=&quot;Fuzzy Keyword Search over Encrypted Data in Cloud Computing&quot; width=&quot;539&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Existing System:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
This straightforward approach apparently
 provides fuzzy keyword search over the encrypted files while achieving 
search privacy using the technique of secure trapdoors. However, this 
approaches serious efficiency disadvantages. The simple enumeration 
method in constructing fuzzy key-word sets would introduce large storage
 complexities, which greatly affect the usability.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
For example, the following is the listing variants after a substitution operation on the first character of keyword&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;CASTLE: &amp;nbsp;{AASTLE, BASTLE, DASTLE, YASTLE, ZASTLE}.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Proposed System:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Main Modules:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1. Wildcard – Based Technique&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2. Gram – Based Technique&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 3. Symbol – Based Trie – traverse Search Scheme&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;1. Wildcard – Based Technique:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; In the above straightforward 
approach, all the variants of the keywords have to be listed even if an 
operation is performed at the same position. Based on the above 
observation, we proposed to use an wildcard to denote edit operations at
 the same position. The wildcard-based fuzzy set edits distance to solve
 the problems.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
For example, for the keyword CASTLE with the pre-set edit distance 1, its wildcard based fuzzy keyword set can be constructed as&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;S&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CASTLE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; 1 =&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; {&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CASTLE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;*CASTLE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;*ASTLE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C*ASTLE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; C*STLE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, CASTL&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;*E&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CASTL*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CASTLE*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;}&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Edit Distance:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Substitution&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Deletion&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Insertion&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
a)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;Substitution&lt;/strong&gt; : &amp;nbsp;changing one character to another in a&amp;nbsp; word;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
b)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;Deletion &lt;/strong&gt;: &amp;nbsp;deleting one character from a word;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
c)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;Insertion&lt;/strong&gt;: &amp;nbsp;inserting a single character into a word.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;2. Gram – Based Technique:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Another efficient technique for constructing fuzzy set is based on grams. The gram of a string is a &lt;strong&gt;substring&lt;/strong&gt;
 that can be used as a signature for efficient approximate search. While
 gram has been widely used for constructing inverted list for 
approximate string search, we use gram for the matching purpose. We 
propose to utilize the fact that any primitive edit operation will 
affect at most one specific character of the keyword, leaving all the 
remaining characters untouched. In other words, the relative order of 
the remaining characters after the primitive operations is always kept 
the same as it is before the operations.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
For example, the gram-based fuzzy set SCASTLE, 1 for keyword CASTLE can be constructed as&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;{&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CASTLE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CSTLE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CATLE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CASLE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CASTE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CASTL&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ASTLE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;}&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;3. Symbol – Based Trie – traverse Search Scheme&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; To enhance the search efficiency, we now propose a symbol-based trie-traverse search scheme, where a &lt;strong&gt;multi-way tree&lt;/strong&gt;
 is constructed for storing the fuzzy keyword set over a finite symbol 
set. The key idea behind this construction is that all trapdoors sharing
 a common prefix may have common nodes. The root is associated with an 
empty set and the symbols in a trapdoor can be recovered in a search 
from the root to the leaf that ends the trapdoor. All fuzzy words in the
 trie can be found by a depth-first search.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
In this section, we consider a natural 
extension from the previous single-user setting to multi-user setting, 
where a data owner stores a file collection on the cloud server and 
allows an arbitrary group of users to search over his file collection.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;System Requirements:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Hardware Requirements:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; System&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Hard Disk&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; : 40 GB.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Floppy Drive&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : 1.44 Mb.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Monitor &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : 15 VGA Colour.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Mouse&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : Logitech.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ram&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : 512 Mb.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Software Requirements:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Operating system &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : – Windows XP.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Coding Language&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : DOT NET&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Data Base&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : SQL Server 2005&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;1. &lt;/strong&gt;In this paper, for 
the first time we formalize and solve the problem of supporting 
efficient yet privacy-preserving fuzzy search for achieving effective 
utilization of remotely stored encrypted data in Cloud Computing. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; We design two 
advanced techniques (i.e., wildcard-based and gram- based techniques) to
 construct the storage-efficient fuzzy keyword sets by exploiting two 
significant observations on the similarity metric of edit distance.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;3.&lt;/strong&gt; Based on the 
constructed fuzzy keyword sets, we further propose a brand new 
symbol-based trie-traverse searching scheme, where a multi-way tree 
structure is built up using symbols transformed from the resulted fuzzy 
keyword sets.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;4.&lt;/strong&gt; Through rigorous 
security analysis, we show that our proposed solution is secure and 
privacy- preserving, while correctly realizing the goal of fuzzy keyword
 search. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of 
our solution.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/feeds/8403727931008091930/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/fuzzy-keyword-search-over-encrypted.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/8403727931008091930'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/8403727931008091930'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/fuzzy-keyword-search-over-encrypted.html' title='Fuzzy Keyword Search over Encrypted Data in Cloud Computing'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04859847222826497084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5235407474839536203.post-4363032574653548563</id><published>2012-07-07T01:56:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2012-07-07T02:10:31.420-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cloud computing"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cloud computing projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="computer engineering projects"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="data security in cloud"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="data storage security"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Privacy Preserving Public Auditing for Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing"/><title type='text'>Privacy Preserving Public Auditing for Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Get this project&#39;s source code, video, documentation &amp;amp; ppt contact:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;info@ocularsystems.in&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;or&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;visit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://blog.ocularsystems.in/blog&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Abstract:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cloud computing is the long dreamed vision of computing as a utility,
 where users can remotely store their data into the cloud so as to enjoy
 the on-demand high quality applications and services from a shared pool
 of configurable computing resources. By data outsourcing, users can be 
relieved from the burden of local data storage and maintenance. Thus, 
enabling public auditability for cloud data storage security is of 
critical importance so that users can resort to an external audit party 
to check the integrity of outsourced data when needed. To securely 
introduce an effective third party auditor (TPA), the following two 
fundamental requirements have to be met: 1) TPA should be able to 
efficiently audit the cloud data storage without demanding the local 
copy of data, and introduce no additional on-line burden to the cloud 
user. Specifically, our contribution in this work can be summarized as 
the following three aspects:&lt;br /&gt;
1) We motivate the public auditing system of data storage security in
 Cloud Computing and provide a privacy-preserving auditing protocol, 
i.e., our scheme supports an external auditor to audit user’s outsourced
 data in the cloud without learning knowledge on the data content.&lt;br /&gt;
2) To the best of our knowledge, our scheme is the first to support 
scalable and efficient public auditing in the Cloud Computing. In 
particular, our scheme achieves batch auditing where multiple delegated 
auditing tasks from different users can be performed simultaneously by 
the TPA.&lt;br /&gt;
3) We prove the security and justify the performance of our proposed 
schemes through concrete experiments and comparisons with the 
state-of-the-art.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Architecture of Cloud Computing:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
To enable privacy-preserving public auditing for cloud data storage 
under the aforementioned model, our protocol design should achieve the 
following security and performance guarantee:&lt;br /&gt;
1) Public auditability: to allow TPA to verify the correctness of the
 cloud data on demand without retrieving a copy of the whole data or 
introducing additional on-line burden to the cloud users.&lt;br /&gt;
2) Storage correctness: to ensure that there exists no cheating cloud
 server that can pass the audit from TPA without indeed storing users’ 
data intact.&lt;br /&gt;
3) Privacy-preserving: to ensure that there exists no way for TPA to 
derive users’ data content from the information collected during the&lt;br /&gt;
auditing process.&lt;br /&gt;
4) Batch auditing: to enable TPA with secure and efficient auditing 
capability to cope with multiple auditing delegations from possibly 
large number of different users simultaneously.&lt;br /&gt;
5) Lightweight: to allow TPA to perform auditing with minimum communication and computation overhead.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Existing System:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
To securely introduce an effective third party auditor (TPA), the 
following two fundamental requirements have to be met: 1) TPA should be 
able to efficiently audit the cloud data storage without demanding the 
local copy of data, and introduce no additional on-line burden to the 
cloud user; 2) The third party auditing process should bring in no new 
vulnerabilities towards user data privacy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Proposed System:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In this paper, we utilize the public key based homomorphic 
authenticator and uniquely integrate it with random mask technique to 
achieve a privacy-preserving public auditing system for cloud data 
storage security while keeping all above requirements in mind. To 
support efficient&lt;br /&gt;
handling of multiple auditing tasks, we further explore the technique
 of bilinear aggregate signature to extend our main result into a 
multi-user setting, where TPA can perform multiple auditing tasks 
simultaneously. Extensive security and performance analysis shows the 
proposed schemes are provably secure and highly efficient. We also show 
how to extent our main scheme to support batch auditing for TPA upon 
delegations from multi-users.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Algorithm:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A public auditing scheme consists of four algorithms (KeyGen, SigGen, GenProof, VerifyProof).&lt;br /&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; KeyGen: key generation algorithm that is run by the user to setup the scheme&lt;br /&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; SigGen: used by the user to generate verification metadata, which
 may consist of MAC, signatures or other information used for auditing&lt;br /&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; GenProof: run by the cloud server to generate a proof of data storage correctness&lt;br /&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; VerifyProof: run by the TPA to audit the proof from the cloud server&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Modules:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
1.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;Privacy-Preserving Public Auditing Module&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
Homomorphic authenticators are unforgeable verification metadata 
generated from individual data blocks, which can be securely aggregated 
in such a way to assure an auditor that a linear combination of data 
blocks is correctly computed by verifying only the aggregated 
authenticator. Overview to achieve privacy-preserving public auditing, 
we propose to uniquely integrate the homomorphic authenticator with 
random mask technique. In our protocol, the linear combination of 
sampled blocks in the server’s response is masked with randomness 
generated by a pseudo random function (PRF).&lt;br /&gt;
The proposed scheme is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Setup Phase&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Audit Phase&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
2.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;Batch Auditing&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Module&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
With the establishment of privacy-preserving public auditing in Cloud
 Computing, TPA may concurrently handle multiple auditing delegations 
upon different users’ requests. The individual auditing of these tasks 
for TPA can be tedious and very inefficient. Batch auditing not only 
allows TPA to perform the multiple auditing tasks simultaneously, but 
also greatly reduces the computation cost on the TPA side.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;3.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data Dynamics&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Module:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Hence, supporting data dynamics for 
privacy-preserving public risk auditing is also of paramount importance.
 Now we show how our main scheme can be adapted to build upon the 
existing work to support data dynamics, including block level operations
 of modification, deletion and insertion. We can adopt this technique in
 our design to achieve privacy-preserving public risk auditing with 
support of data dynamics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Hardware Required:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
System&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pentium IV 2.4 GHz&lt;br /&gt;
Hard Disk &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 40 GB&lt;br /&gt;
Floppy Drive&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1.44 MB&lt;br /&gt;
Monitor&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 15 VGA color&lt;br /&gt;
Mouse&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Logitech.&lt;br /&gt;
Keyboard&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 110 keys enhanced&lt;br /&gt;
RAM&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 256 MB&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Software Required:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O/S&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Windows XP.&lt;br /&gt;
Language&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Asp.Net, c#.&lt;br /&gt;
Data Base&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sql Server 2005&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/feeds/4363032574653548563/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/privacy-preserving-public-auditing-for.html#comment-form' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/4363032574653548563'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5235407474839536203/posts/default/4363032574653548563'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://cloudcomputingprojects.blogspot.com/2012/07/privacy-preserving-public-auditing-for.html' title='Privacy Preserving Public Auditing for Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04859847222826497084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry></feed>