Coaxil

Products of the feeding, drink and medicine, which follows to avoid when receiving inhibitor MAO

2011-04-08T02:15:00.000-07:00

The Following products of the feeding, drink and medicine follows to avoid when receiving inhibitor MAO and during fortnight after their cancelling:

Meat and fish

Meat prepared with preservative
Meat extracts
Smoked or pickled fish
Govyazhiya or chicken liver
Dry sausages, salami

Vegetables and fruits

Canned dates
Pod broad bob
Bananas and avocado (particularly overripe)

Milk products

Cheese and cheese containing products such as cheese cookie and pizza (are permitted pressed pot cheese and cream cheeses)
Yogurt and sour cream

Drink

Beer, red wine and other alcoholic drink

Miscellaneous

Soya sauce
Yeast extract (including beer yeast in greater amount)
Overweening amount of chocolate and caffeine
Not fresh, bad or long kept, a second time processed protein products such as meat, fish and milk products

Medicinal facilities

Tablets or mixtures from cold, hay fever or sinusitis
Remedies for head cold (tablets, dripped or aerosols)
Ingalyacionnye remedy for asthmas
Facilities for reduction of the appetite
Facilitators
Drugs, including cocaine

Coaxil foto

2011-03-24T05:47:00.000-07:00

With weak nerve request not to look.
Antidepressanty for poor

Carried in vein coaxil causes instant venous thrombosis

The Consequences of the introduction coaxil in artery on groin.

Coaxil, description of the preparation

2011-03-24T05:30:00.000-07:00

The Trade name:
Coaxil

The International name:
Tianeptine

The Group attribute:
Antidepressant

Description acting material:
Tianeptine

The Medicinal form:
pills covered by shell

Uses of Coaxil:

Coaxil (Tianeptine) is an antidepressant that is chemically related to amineptine. It is a serotonin reuptake accelerator and works opposite to the action of SSRI's. Tianeptine is an antidepressant agent with a novel neurochemical profile. It increases serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) uptake in the brain (in contrast with most antidepressant agents) and reduces stress-induced atrophy of neuronal dendrites. Like the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and in contrast with most tricyclic antidepressant agents, tianeptine does not appear to be associated with adverse cognitive, psychomotor, sleep, cardiovascular or bodyweight effects and has a low propensity for abuse. Tianeptine has a comparatively favourable pharmacokinetic profile.

Coaxil - Tianeptine (TIA) is an antidepressant drug that has been shown to decrease extracellular serotonin level and reveals no affinity for neurotransmitter receptors.

Coaxil (Tianeptine) appears to be as effective as fluoxetine, sertraline, amitriptyline, clomipramine and mianserin and more effective than maprotiline in improving associated anxiety in patients with depressive disorders. Depression and anxiety symptoms in alcohol dependant patients also respond well to tianeptine.

Coaxil (Tianeptine) and sites on Stablon.

This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

Warnings and precautions for Coaxil

Any patient about to undergo general anaesthetic should inform the anaesthetist and stop treatment 24 to 48 hours before the medical intervention. Should an emergency operation prove to be necessary, this may be carried out without stopping treatment previously but with the correct operative supervision. As with other antidepressants, when treatment is to be stopped, reduce the dosage gradually over a period of 7 to 14 days. Inform your doctor if you are pregnant or breast-feeding your baby.
This medicine should not be used during pregnancy or breast-feeding.
This medicine should not be used: With MAO inhibitors (as a rule, there should be an interval of 15 days between a MAOI and Tianeptine treatments) By expectant or nursing mothers By children of less than 15 years of age Should you have any doubt, consult your doctor.

Side Effects of Coaxil:

As with any active pharmaceutical product, this medicine may cause somewhat unpleasant side effects in certain patients. Although such effects are rare, usually mild and temporary, they include:

Gastralgia,
abdominal pain,
dryness of the mouth,
anorexia,
nausea,
vomiting,
flatulence Insomnia,
drowsiness,
nightmares,
asthenia Tachycardia,
extrasystole,
precordialgia Dizziness,
headaches,
faintness,
trembling,
upsets Respiratory discomfort,
tightness of the throat Myalgia,
lumbago
Any of the above mentioned should be reported to your doctor or chemist in addition to any adverse effects not mentioned in this leaflet.

How to Take Coaxil

Take this medicine as directed. It can be taken with or without food. Do not stop taking this medicine abruptly without consulting with your doctor.

What to do if you take Overdose of Coaxil?

Seek medical attention immediately. For non emergencies, contact your local or regional poison control center.

What to do if you take Missed Dose of Coaxil?

Take your next dose as soon as you remember. If it is time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

How to Store Coaxil:

Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of the reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication.

The Description of the preparation coaxil is not intended for purpose of the treatment without participation of the physician.

Consequences koaksil

2011-03-24T05:20:00.000-07:00

The Abuse koaksil brings about terrible destruction of your organism.

Monoamine oxidases (MAO)

2011-03-24T05:10:00.000-07:00

L-Monoamine oxidases (MAO) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines. They are found bound to the outer membrane of mitochondria in most cell types in the body. The enzyme was originally discovered by Mary Bernheim (maiden name: Hare) in the liver and was named tyramine oxidase. They belong to the protein family of flavin-containing amine oxidoreductases.

Subtypes and tissue distribution

In humans there are two types of MAO: MAO-A and MAO-B.
Both are found in neurons and astroglia.
Outside the central nervous system:
MAO-A is also found in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, and placenta.
MAO-B is mostly found in blood platelets.

Function

Norepinephrine degradation. Monoamine oxidase is shown in blue boxe at left.
Monoamine oxidases catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines. Oxygen is used to remove an amine group from a molecule, resulting in the corresponding aldehyde and ammonia. The general form of the catalyzed reaction (with R denoting an arbitrary group) is:

Monoamine oxidases contain the covalently-bound cofactor FAD and are, thus, classified as flavoproteins.

Substrate specificities

They are well known enzymes in pharmacology, since they are the substrate for the action of a number of monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs. MAO-A is particularly important in the catabolism of monoamines ingested in food. Both MAOs are also vital to the inactivation of monoaminergic neurotransmitters, for which they display different specificities.
Serotonin, melatonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine are mainly broken down by MAO-A.
Phenethylamine is mainly broken down by MAO-B.
Both forms break down dopamine equally.
Specific reactions catalyzed by MAO include:
Epinephrine or norepinephrine to 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid
Metanephrine or normetanephrine to vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)
Dopamine to dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
3-Methoxytyramine to homovanillic acid

Genetics

The genes encoding MAO-A and MAO-B are located side-by-side on the short arm of the X chromosome, and have about 70% sequence similarity. Rare mutations in the gene are associated with Brunner syndrome.
A study reported in Science in August 2002 based on the Dunedin cohort concluded that maltreated children with a low-activity polymorphism in the promoter region of the MAO-A gene were more likely to develop antisocial conduct disorders than maltreated children with the high-activity variant. Out of the 442 total males in the study (maltreated or not), 37% had the low activity variant. Of the 13 maltreated males with low MAO-A activity, 11 had been assessed as exhibiting adolescent conduct disorder and 4 were convicted for violent offenses. The suggested mechanism for this effect is the decreased ability of those with low MAO-A activity to quickly degrade norepinephrine, the synaptic neurotransmitter involved in sympathetic arousal and rage. This is alleged to provide direct support for the idea that genetic susceptibility to disease is not determined at birth, but varies with exposure to environmental influences. Note however that most of those with conduct disorder or convictions did not have low activity of MAO-A; maltreatment was found to have caused stronger predisposition for antisocial behavior than differences in MAO-A activity.
Research also uncovered a possible link between predisposition to novelty seeking and a genotype of the MAO-A gene.
In 2006, a New Zealand researcher, Dr Rod Lea said that a particular variant (or genotype) was over-represented in Māori, a Warrior gene. This supported earlier studies finding different proportions of variants in different ethnic groups. This is the case for many genetic variants, with 33% White/Non-Hispanic, 61% Asian/Pacific Islanders having the low-activity MAO-A promoter variant.

Clinical signifance

Because of the vital role that MAOs play in the inactivation of neurotransmitters, MAO dysfunction (too much or too little MAO activity) is thought to be responsible for a number of neurological disorders. For example, unusually high or low levels of MAOs in the body have been associated with depression,schizophrenia, substance abuse, attention deficit disorder, migraines, and irregular sexual maturation. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are one of the major classes of drug prescribed for the treatment of depression, although they are last-line treatment due to risk of the drug's interaction with diet or other drugs. Excessive levels of catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) may lead to a hypertensive crisis, and excessive levels of serotonin may lead to serotonin syndrome.

PET research has shown that MAO is also heavily depleted by use of tobacco cigarettes.

Tianeptine

2011-03-24T04:46:00.000-07:00

Tianeptine (INN) (Stablon, Coaxil, Tatinol) is a drug used for treating major depressive episodes (mild, moderate, or severe). It has structural similarities to the tricyclic antidepressants, but it has different pharmacological properties. Until recently, it has been assumed that tianeptine is a selective serotonin reuptake enhancer (SSRE), opposite to the action of SSRIs. However, newer studies question this hypothesis; one review suggests that long-term administration of tianeptine has no effect on serotonin pathways, while another still points to the cancellative effects of tianeptine and fluoxetine coadministration on serotonin reuptake. Tianeptine enhances the extracellular concentration of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and modulates the D2 and D3 dopamine receptors, but this effect is modest and almost certainly indirect. There is also action on the NMDA and AMPA receptors. Recent reviews point to this pathway as a hypothesized mechanism of action, based on tianeptine's effect of promoting stress-associated impaired neuroplasticity.
Tianeptine reduces the effects of serotonin in the limbic system and the pre-frontal cortex, giving rise to a mood elevation, unlike the mood blunting associated with SSRIs.[citation needed] Like SSRIs, however, tianeptine's onset-of-action delay is approximately 2–6 weeks with improvements sometimes noticeable in as soon as one week. Its short-lived, but pleasant, stimulant effect experienced by some patients is shared with its predecessor, amineptine, whose side effects related to dopamine uptake inhibitor activity resulted in Servier's research into tianeptine.[citation needed] Suggested dosage is three times daily, due to its short duration of action.
Tianeptine has strong antidepressant and anxiolytic properties with a relative lack of sedative, anticholinergic and cardiovascular adverse effects, thus suggesting it is particularly suitable for use in elderly patients and in those following alcohol withdrawal; such patients can be more sensitive to the adverse effects of psychotropic drugs. Recent interesting results indicate anticonvulsant and analgesic activity of tianeptine and its possible interaction with adenosine A1 receptors.

Mechanism of action

Initial studies found that upon acute and sustained administration, tianeptine decreased the extracellular levels of serotonin. However tiapentine has low affinity for serotonin transporters, so this effect appears to be indirect. Further, the validity of the data from older studies has been contested on the basis of technical limitations; more recent studies found that long-term administration of tianeptine does not elicit any marked alterations (neither increases nor decreases) in extracellular levels of serotonin in rats, and tianeptine also had no effect on spontaneous firing rate of serotonergic neurons. However, coadministration of tianeptine and fluoxetine inhibited tianeptine's effect on long-term potentiation in hippocampal CA1 area. This is considered an argument for the opposite effects of tianeptine and fluoxetine on serotonin uptake.
In contrast to SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants, tianeptine modestly enhances the mesolimbic release of dopamine, but it is also unclear how this occurs because tiapentine itself has no effect on dopamine transporters, nor does it affect D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 receptors.
Perhaps the most studied hypothesis is that Tianeptine has a protective effect against stress induced neuronal remodeling. This is all based largely on preclinical studies.

Abuse and addiction potential

Abuse of tianeptine is rare and thus far has only been seen in patients with pre-existing multi-substance abuse disorders. 141 cases of abuse were identified between 1989 and 2004, correlating to an incidence of 1 to 3 cases per 1000 patients treated with tianeptine. The main reason for abuse is to achieve an anxiolytic effect. According to Servier, cessation of treatment with tianeptine is difficult, due to the possibility of withdrawal symptoms in a patient.
One patient reportedly consumed a total of 240 12.5 mg tablets (3000 mg) per day for several months and was later successfully detoxified in an inpatient setting. The report indicated that a tolerance was developed and there were physical withdrawal symptoms.
In 2007, according to French Health Products Safety Agency, tianeptine's manufacturer Servier agreed to modify the drug's label, following problems with dependency.
Singapore's Ministry of Health has restricted the use of tianeptine to psychiatrists due to its abuse potential, while Bahrain has classified it a controlled substance due to increasing reports of misuse and abuse by patients.
Tianeptine (under "Coaxil" brand name) has been intravenously injected by drug users in Armenia and Russia. This method of administration reportedly causes an opioid-like effect and is sometimes used in an attempt to lessen opioid withdrawal symptoms. As tianeptine tablets do not fully dissolve and often the solution is not filtered well, particles in the injected fluid can block small blood vessels, leading to thrombosis and then severe necrosis.

Approved

Tianeptine shows efficacy against serious depressive episodes (major depression), comparable to amitriptyline, imipramine and fluoxetine, but with far fewer side effects. It was shown to be more effective than maprotiline in a group of patients with co-existing depression and anxiety. Tianeptine also displays significant anxiolytic properties and is useful in treating a spectrum of anxiety disorders including panic disorder, as evidenced by a study in which those administered 35% CO2 gas (carbogen) on paroxetine (Paxil) or tianeptine (Stablon) therapy showed equivalent panic-blocking effects.

Investigational and ongoing research

Tianeptine has been reported to be very effective for asthma starting in August 1998, when Dr. Fuad Lechin and colleagues at the Central University of Venezuela Institute of Experimental Medicine in Caracas published the results of a 52-week randomized controlled trial of asthmatic children; the children in the groups that received tianeptine had a sharp decrease in clinical rating and increased lung function. Two years earlier, they had found a close, positive association between free serotonin in plasma and severity of asthma in symptomatic patients. As tianeptine was the only agent known to both reduce free serotonin in plasma and enhance uptake in platelets, they decided to use it to see if reducing free serotonin levels in plasma would help. By November 2004, there had been two double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trials, and a 25,000+ patient open-label study lasting over seven years, all showing effectiveness. A 2005 study in Egypt demonstrated tianeptine to be effective in men with depression and erectile dysfunction. Tianeptine also has anticonvulsant and analgesic effects, and a clinical trial in Spain that ended in January 2007 has shown that tianeptine is effective in treating pain due to fibromyalgia. Tianeptine is also being studied in the treatment of ADD/ADHD.
It is currently being researched for its effectiveness in irritable bowel syndrome.
Tinaneptine has been found to be effective in depression in Parkinson's disease and in post-traumatic stress disorder of which it was as safe and effective as fluoxetine (Prozac, an SSRI) and moclobemide (Aurorix, an MAO-A inhibitor).

Tablets coaxil

2011-03-24T04:22:00.000-07:00

Coaxil

Roman name

Coaxil

Of drugs

Antidepressive, anxiolytic, reducing the pool, improved mood, mild propulsion delayed, the overall tone, good conduct (including alcoholic abstinence).

Indications

Тreating depression weak moderately to seriously.

Patient interaction

Koaksil not apply in combination with MAO inhibitors, which is in danger of collapse or sudden arterial hypertension, gipertermii, convulsing; It is also possible fatal outcome.

Overdosing

In all cases overdose should suspend treatment Koaksilom and closely monitor the patient (with the work of the heart and lungs, kidney function, metabolism). If necessary, rinse the stomach and the symptomatic treatment (particularly IVL, and the correction of the kidney and violations of metabolism).

Storage conditions

List B. The temperature is not above 30 ° C.

Shelf life

3 years

Coaxil

Products of the feeding, drink and medicine, which follows to avoid when receiving inhibitor MAO

Coaxil foto

The Consequences of the introduction coaxil in artery on groin.

Coaxil, description of the preparation

How to Take Coaxil

What to do if you take Overdose of Coaxil?

What to do if you take Missed Dose of Coaxil?

How to Store Coaxil:

Consequences koaksil

Monoamine oxidases (MAO)

Tianeptine

Tablets coaxil

See also Tianeptine

Roman name

Coaxil

Of drugs

Antidepressive, anxiolytic, reducing the pool, improved mood, mild propulsion delayed, the overall tone, good conduct (including alcoholic abstinence).

Indications

Тreating depression weak moderately to seriously.

Patient interaction

Koaksil not apply in combination with MAO inhibitors, which is in danger of collapse or sudden arterial hypertension, gipertermii, convulsing; It is also possible fatal outcome.

Overdosing

Storage conditions

List B. The temperature is not above 30 ° C.

Shelf life